NODUS MODULARIS projectAn Overview

Fabrizio StefaniFernando Pianegiani

nome.cognome@arslogica.it

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SUMMARY

Wireless Sensor Networks and MotesWSN TopologyBerkeley Mote Mica2Mote Platform Evolution802.15.4 Platforms: Telos and MicaZ802.15.4 and ZigBee, why?MoteBoard for development: ALmoteThe Concept of Modular NodeThe Modular Node PrototypeModular Node Applications (ex.)

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Wireless Sensor Networks and Motes

Wireless sensor network (WSN): a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants) at different locations.

A Mote is “a small piece of something”, such as a dust particle. Mote is the name usually given to WSN boards (mote boards, MB).

Mote components:

Microcontroller (MCU)

Radio Chip

Antenna

Power source (e.g. battery)

External Memory

Sensors (S)

Expansion Connector

Mote

RadioChip

S

S

Memory

Power(battery)

Exp Connector

MCU

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WSN topology (general)

Base station

Gateway

Cluster-head

Information system

Motes

Internet

Cluster

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Berkeley mote Mica2Main characteristics:

Size

58 x 32 x 7 (mm), 18 gr (+ batt.)

Processor

microcontroller Atmel ATmega128L

10 bit ADC

8 mA (ACTIVE MODE), < 15 µA (SLEEP MODE)

Memory

4 Kbytes di SRAM

4 Kbytes di EEPROM

128 Kbytes di PROGRAM MEMORY

512 Kbytes di FLASH (SPI)

Radio (ChipCon CC1000)

> 25 mA TX, 8 mA RX, < 1 µA SLEEP

433 MHz (FSK), 19.2 Kbit/s, 330 m

3 LEDs

• 51 pin expansion connector

2 batteries AA 1.5 V

TinyOS

MPR410CBSensor board

Implementation problems:

fixed-point implementation

limited memory

low clock frequency

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Mote platforms evolution

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802.15.4 platforms: Telos and MicaZ

Focused on low power Sleep - Most of the time

Telos: 2.4AMicaZ: 30A

WakeupAs quickly as possible to process and return to sleepTelos: 290ns typical, 6s maxMicaZ: 60s max internal oscillator, 4ms external

ProcessGet your work done and get back to sleepTelos: 4MHz 16-bitMicaZ: 8MHz 8-bit

TI MSP430Ultra low power

1.6A sleep460A active1.8V operation

Standards BasedIEEE 802.15.4, USB (Telos)

IEEE 802.15.4CC2420 radio250 kb/s2.4GHz ISM band

TinyOS supportNew suite of radio stacksPushing hardware abstractionMust conform to std link

Ease of development and TestProgram over USB (Telos) or simple programmer board (MicaZ)Std connector header

InteroperabilityTelos / MicaZ / ChipCon dev

UCB Telos

Xbow MicaZ

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MoteBoard for development: ALMote

Key Features

• 250 kb/s 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Chipcon Wireless Transceiver• Interoperability with other IEEE 802.15.4 devices (Telos, MicaZ)• 8MHz Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller (10k RAM, 48k Flash)• Integrated ADC, DAC, Supply Voltage Supervisor, and DMA Controller• Integrated onboard antenna with 50 m range indoor / 125 m range outdoor• Ultra low current consumption• Fast wakeup from sleep (< 6 μs )• Hardware link-layer encryption and authentication• JTAG and 24-pin expansion connector, optional SMA antenna connector• TinyOS support : mesh networking and communication implementation

ALMote = ArsLogica mote (Telos compatible)

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Why 802.15.4 – ZigBee ?

CertifiedReliable and self healing (interference)Supports large number of nodes (up to 65535)Easy to deployVery long battery life (days/months, depending on appl.)SecureLow costCan be used globally (ISM band)

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Gateway Board (GB)

Progr./Acquisition Board (PAB)

Processing Board (EB)

Sensing Board (SB)

Controlling Board (CB)

Transmission Board (TB)

Mote Board (MB)

• WiFi • GSM/GPRS• Bluetooth• ...

• FPGA/DSP/GPP • Memory• OS (if needed)

• MCU• Memory• OS + appl. SW

• RS-232/422• USB• Ethernet• JTAG

• RF transceiver• Antenna (printed / external)

Acceleration, TemperatureHumidity, Light, Images ...

The Concept of Modular Node

Power Board (SB)

Energy scavenging:• Solar panel• Vibration• Radiation, ...

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GB(GPRS/WiFi)

CB(MSP430)

TB(CC2420)

UART1 SPI

(UART0)

ALMote

ALMoteUART1 UART

(SPI)PAB

GB(GPRS/WiFi)

PAB UART1 SPI

(UART0)

ALMote

CB(MSP430)

TB(CC2420)

ALMote – Gateway

ALMote – PAB

ALMote – Gateway – PAB

Modular Node Applications (examples)