Competenza di riferimento per la lezione/UF dedotta dal Piano...

Titolo: DISPENSA INGLESE-GRAMMATICANDO INSIEME (CLASSI QUARTE)

Area: LINGUAGGI

Autore: PROF.SSA BIGNAMI SONIA

Competenza di riferimento per la lezione/UF

dedotta dal Piano Formativo specifico

TESTO ED IMMAGINI SONO A CURA DELLA DOCENTE, NON SONO

STATI PRESI DA ALCUN TIPO DI LIBRO, MA E’ STATA VISIONATA LA

SEGUENTE BIBLIOGRAFIA ED UTILIZZATE LE PROVE ESAME ANNI

2012/2013/2014:

Fiocchi Patrizia, Jordan Edward (2008), Steps 1, Editrice La Scuola

Fiocchi Patrizia, Jordan Edward (2008), Steps 2, Editrice La Scuola

2

DISPENSA DI

INGLESE

☺ Grammaticando insieme…

Classi quarte �

A cura della docente Prof.ssa Bignami Sonia

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PARTI DEL DISCORSO

SOSTANTIVO (NOUN) : INDICA UNA PERSONA, COSA, ANIMALE CHE COMPIE UN’AZIONE ESEMPIO: A STUDENT, A PEN, A DOG…

VERBO (VERB) : INDICA UN’AZIONE COMPIUTA DAL SOGGETTO ESEMPIO: TO GO, TO BE, CAN…

AGGETTIVO (ADJECTIVE) : INDICA LA QUALITA’ DEL SOGGETTO, PUO’ ESSERE QUALIFICATIVO, POSSESSIVO, DI NAZIONALITA’… ESEMPIO: MY, NICE, BIG, ENGLISH…

AVVERBIO (ADVERB) : SPECIFICA QUANDO E DOVE E’ AVVENUTA UN’AZIONE, COME SI FA QUALCOSA… ESEMPIO : KINDLY, NOW, SLOWLY…

PRONOME (PRONOUN) : AL POSTO DEL SOGGETTO, PUO’ ESSERE PERSONALE SOGGETTO (I, YOU…) O PRONOME COMPLEMENTO OGGETTO (ME, THEM…) O PRONOME POSSESSIVO (MINE, YOURS…)

CONGIUNZIONE (CONJUNCTION) : UNISCE DUE PAROLE O DUE FRASI (AND, OR, SO, BECAUSE…)

PREPOSIZIONE (PREPOSITION) : INTRODUCE UN COMPLEMENTO (AT, ON, IN, BY…)

INTERIEZIONE (INTERJECTION) : ESCLAMAZIONE CON IL PUNTO ESCLAMATIVO (HI!, HEY!, OH NO!...)

ARTICOLO (ARTICLE) : VIENE USATO PER INTRODURRE UN SOSTANTIVO, PUO’ ESSERE DETERMINATIVO (THE) O INDETERMINATIVO (A, AN)

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WHO-WHAT-WHICH-WHERE-WHEN-WHY-HOW

SONO LE QUESTION WORDS E SI CHIAMANO COSI’ PERCHE’ SERVONO AD INTRODDURE DELLE DOMANDE…

WHO = CHI

WHO ARE YOU? I’M

MARY

CHI SEI? SONO MARY

WHAT = CHE

COSA/QUALE TRA UN

NUMERO ELEVATO DI

SCELTE

WHAT IS YOUR NAME? IT’S

PAUL

QUALE E’ IL TUO NOME? PAUL

WHICH = CHE COSA/ QUALE

TRA UN NUMERO LIMITATO DI

SCELTE

WHICH IS YOUR NAME? LUCA OR

PIERO?

QUALE E’ IL TUO NOME? LUCA O

PIERO?

WHERE = DOVE

WHERE ARE YOU FROM? I

COME FROM MILAN

DA DOVE VIENI? VENGO DA

MILANO

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WHEN = QUANDO

WHEN IS YOUR BIRTHDAY?

TOMORROW

QUANDO E’ IL TUO COMPLEANNO?

DOMANI

WHY = PERCHE’ (SOLO

NELLE DOMANDE, NELLE

RISPOSTE SI USA

BECAUSE)

WHY ARE YOU HAPPY? BECAUSE

THE SCHOOL IS NOT OPEN

PERCHE’ SEI FELICE? PERCHE’ LA

SCUOLA NON E’ APERTA

HOW = COME

HOW ARE YOU? I

AM FINE

COME STAI? STO

BENE!

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-

HOW FAR =

QUANTO DISTA

HOW FAR IS IT FROM

MILAN TO NAPLES?

QUANTO DISTA

MILANO DA NAPOLI?

HOW OFTEN =

QUANTO SPESSO

HOW OFTEN DO YOU EAT

CHEESE?

QUANTO SPESSO MANGI

FORMAGGIO?

HOW TALL = PER

ALTEZZA (SOLO

PERSONE)

HOW TALL ARE YOU?

HOW LONG = DURATA

HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN A

VET?

DA QUANTO SEI VETERINARIO?

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ESERCIZI SU QUESTION WORDS

1 SEGUI LE INDICAZIONI DATE

CHIEDI ALL’INSEGNANTE QUANTO E’ ALTO L’EVEREST

CHIEDI A TUO ZIO QUANTO E’ ALTO DENNIS

CHIEDI A TUA MAMMA QUALE E’ LA SUA BORSA, QUELLA BLU O QUELLA NERA

CHIEDI DI CHI E’ QUELLA BICICLETTA

CHIEDI A FRANK QUANTO DISTA LONDRA DA MANCHESTER

CHIEDI A MARY QUANTO SPESSO MANGIA PIZZA

CHIEDI QUANTO E’ GRANDE LA STANZA

CHIEDI QUANTO E’ PROFONDO IL TUNNEL

CHIEDI A MARY IL SUO NUMERO

CHIEDI A MARY SE IL SUO NUMERO E’ 338 232323 O 339 232323

CHIEDI A MISTER JACKSON QUANTO COSTA QUELL’AUTO

CHIEDI ALL’INSEGNANTE QUANTI ALLIEVI CI SONO IN CLASSE

CHIEDI CHI E’ QUELLA DONNA CON ELIZABETH

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PRONOMI RIFLESSIVI

MYSELF

YOURSELF

HIMSELF / HERSELF / ITSELF

OURSELVES

YOURSELVES

THEMSELVES

LA FORMA IMPERSONALE DEL PRONOME RIFLESSIVO E’ ONESELF

SI USANO QUANDO IL SOGGETTO ED IL COMPLEMENTO OGGETTO COINCIDONO QUANDO UN’AZIONE SI RIFLETTE SUL SOGGETTO

ECCO I VERBI CHE RICHIEDONO I PRONOMI RIFLESSIVI:

TO AMUSE = DIVERTIRSI

YOU WILL AMUSE YOURSELF ON YOUR TRIP (TI DIVERTIRAI DURANTE IL TUO VIAGGIO)

TO BLAME = SENTIRSI IN COLPA

MARY BLAMES HERSELF FOR WHAT HAPPENED (MARY SI SENTE IN COLPA PER QUELLO CHE E’ SUCCESSO)

TO CUT = TAGLIARSI

HE CUT HIMSELF CHOPPING ONIONS (LUI SI E’ TAGLIATO TRITANDO LE CIPOLLE)

TO ENJOY = DIVERTIRSI

WE ENJOYED OURSELVES THE OTHER NIGHT ( CI SIAMO DIVERTITI L’ALTRA NOTTE)

TO HELP = SERVIRSI

I AM HELPING MYSELF (MI STO SERVENDO)

TO HURT = FERIRSI

MY BROTHER HURT HIMSELF WHILE PLAYING (MIO FRATELLO SI E’ FERITO MENTRE GIOCAVA)

TO INTRODUCE = PRESENTARSI

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PLEASE, INTRODUCE YOUSELF TO THE STUDENTS (PREGO, PRESENTATI AI STUDENTI)

TO WASH / TO SHAVE / TO DRESS (LAVARSI, RADERSI, VESTIRSI) IN INGLESE NON HANNO I RIFLESSIVI!

ESERCIZI SUI PRONOMI RIFLESSIVI

1 TRADUCI IN ITALIANO LE SEGUENTI FRASI

I HURT MYSELF

HE CALLED HIMSELF “ZORRO”

I WILL DO IT MYSELF

MISTER POTTER HIMSELF CAME TO THE MEETING

I BOUGHT A PRESENT FOR MYSELF

SHE DID IT BY HERSELF

THE MAN IS TALKING TO HIMSELF

THEY CALL THEMSELVES “THE WOLVES”

DON’T USE THIS KNIFE OR YOU’LL CUT YOURSELF

CHILDREN ENJOY THEMSELVES AT THE PARK

HE LIVES BY HIMSELF

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FUTURO CON WILL

SI USA IL FUTURO CON WILL QUANDO SI DECIDE AL MOMENTO DI FARE UN’AZIONE CHE NON ERA IN PROGRAMMA

ESEMPIO: IL TELEFONO SUONA, RISPONDERO’

THE PHONE RINGS, I WILL GET IT!

SI USA IL FUTURO CON WILL PER FARE PREVISIONI SU CIO’ CHE SI PENSA

ESEMPIO: PENSO PIOVERA’

I THINK IT WILL RAIN

SI USA IL FUTURO CON WILL QUANDO UN EVENTO AVVERRA’ SENZA DIPENDERE

DALLA VOLONTA’ DI CHI PARLA

ESEMPIO : IL TRENO PARTIRA’ ALLE 9

THE TRAIN WILL LEAVE AT 9

WILL E’ UGUALE PER TUTTE LE PERSONE E LA FORMA NEGATIVA E’ WILL NOT

FUTURO CON PRESENT CONTINOUS

SI USA IL FUTURO CON IL PRESENTE CON LA FORMA ING QUANDO SI PROGRAMMA UN’AZIONE E SI SA CHE AVVERRA’

ESEMPIO : SI SPOSERANNO DOMANI ALLE 10

THEY ARE GETTING MARRIED TOMORROW AT 10

FUTURO CON BE GOING TO

SI USA IL FUTURO CON TO BE GOING TO (CON TO BE CONIUGATO!) QUANDO NON

SI E’ DEL TUTTO SICURI CHE UN’AZIONE AVVERRA’ O QUANDO LA PREVISIONE

E’ BASATA SU CIO’ CHE SI VEDE

ESEMPIO : IL CIELO E’ NUVOLOSO, ANDRA’ A PIOVERE

THE SKY IS CLOUDY! IT IS GOING TO RAIN

MARY FREQUENTERA’ UN CORSO DI CHITARRA

MARY IS GOING TO ATTEND A GUITAR COURSE

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ESERCIZI SUL FUTURO VARI TIPI


WILL YOU COME BACK SOON?

WILL JOHN AND GEORGE COME TO THE PARTY?

THE TELEPHONE IS RINGING: I WILL ANSWER!

I’LL CALL YOU AS SOON AS I GET TO THE AIRPORT

TOMORROW MARY WILL BE 16!

I’LL GO TO SAO PAULO FOR MY HOLIDAY

IT’S HOT HERE, I’LL OPEN THE WINDOW

I’M GOING TO LEAVE TOMORROW AT 7 A.M.

LOOK AT THOSE CLOUDS! IT’S GOING TO RAIN!

I’LL MEET HER TOMORROW!

I AM GETTING MARRIED ON SUNDAY!

COMPOSTI DI SOME, ANY, NO

I COMPOSTI DI SOME, ANY E NO SI COMPORTANO COME GLI AGGETTIVI INDEFINITI DA CUI SONO FORMATI, QUINDI:

1 I COMPOSTI DI SOME SI USANO NELLE FRASI AFFERMATIVE ED INTERROGATIVE QUANDO SI OFFRE O SI CHIEDE PER AVERE QUALCOSA

2 I COMPOSTI DI ANY SI USANO NELLE FRASI NEGATIVE ED INTERROGATIVE

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3 I COMPOSTI DI NO SI USANO IN FRASI CHE HANNO SIGNIFICATO NEGATIVO, MA IL VERBO DEVE SEMPRE ESSERE ALLA FORMA AFFERMATIVA

SOMETHING, ANYTHING, NOTHING

HAVE YOU GOT ANYTHING TO DO, TODAY?

ANYTHING TRADUCE QUALCOSA

I HAVE GOT SOMETHING TO DO

SOMETHING TRADUCE QUALCOSA

I HAVEN’T ANYTHING TO DO

ANYTHING TRADUCE NIENTE

I HAVEN’T NOTHING TO DO

NOTHING TRADUCE NIENTE

SOMEBODY, ANYBODY, NOBODY, SOMEONE, ANYONE, NO

ONE

IS THERE ANYBODY AT HOME?

ANYBODY TRADUCE QUALCUNO

THERE IS SOMEBODY AT HOME

SOMEBODY TRADUCE QUALCUNO

THERE IS NOBODY AT HOME

NOBODY TRADUCE NESSUNO

THERE IS ANYBODY AT HOME

ANYBODY TRADUCE NESSUNO

SOMEWHERE, ANYWHERE, NOWHERE

I CAN’T FIND MY BOOK, BUT IT MUST BE SOMEWHERE

SOMEWHERE TRADUCE DA QUALCHE PARTE

I CAN’T FIND IT ANYWHERE

ANYWHERE TRADUCE DA NESSUNA PARTE

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IT COULD BE ANYWHERE

ANYWHERE TRADUCE QUALUNQUE POSTO

WHERE ARE YOU GOING? NOWHERE

NOWHERE TRADUCE DA NESSUNA PARTE

ESERCIZI SUI COMPOSTI DI SOME, ANY, NO


I CAN’T FIND MY GLASSES ANYWHERE

I’M COOKING SOMETHING, I’M VERY HUNGRY!

WHERE IS THE CAT? CAN’T ANYBODY TELL ME?

SOMEBODY BROKE THIS CHAIR!

THERE IS SOMETHING YOU SHOULD KNOW!

SOMEBODY LEFT THIS BAG HERE!

WHAT DO YOU WANT TO EAT? SOMETHING NICE!

NOBODY IS PERFECT!

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PERIODO IPOTETICO: TIPO ZERO

LE DUE FRASI SONO AL PRESENTE E SI USA QUANDO LA FRASE PRINCIPALE E’ SEMPRE VERA

ESEMPIO: SE LA SCALDI, L’ACQUA BOLLE A 100 GRADI

IF YOU HEAT WATER TO 100C, IT BOILS

SE NON STUDI HAI UN BRUTTO VOTO

IF YOU DON’T STUDY YOU HAVE A BAD MARK

PERIODO IPOTETICO: PRIMO TIPO

IN QUESTO CASO LA FRASE CON IF E’ AL PRESENTE E LA FRASE PRINCIPALE AL FUTURO E SI USA PER UN FATTO FUTURO CHE AVVERRA’ SE SI REALIZZERA’ LA CONDIZIONE DELLA IF E CHE HA UNA BUONA PROBABILITA’ DI REALIZZARSI

ESEMPIO: STARO’ A CASA, SE PIOVERA’

IF IT RAINS, I WILL STAY AT HOME

SE ANDREMO A TROVARE MARY, LEI SARA’ MOLTO FELICE

IF WE GO TO VISIT MARY, SHE WILL BE VERY HAPPY

PERIODO IPOTETICO: SECONDO TIPO

LA FRASE CON IF E’ AL PASSATO E L A PRINCIPALE AL CONDIZIONALE PRESENTE E SI USA QUANDO UNA SITUAZIONE FATICA A REALIZZARSI, CI SONO POCHE SPERANZE CHE SI REALIZZI

ESEMPIO: SE VINCESSI UN MILIONE DI EURO POTREI SMETTERE DI LAVORARE

IF I WON A MILLION EUROS, I COULD STOP WORKING

PERIODO IPOTETICO: TERZO TIPO

SONO FATTI NON AVVENUTI IN PASSATO, LA FRASE PRINCIPALE SARA’ AL CONDIZIONALE E LA FRASE CON IF AL PAST PERFECT

ESEMPIO: AVRESTI PASSATO L’ESAME SE AVESSI STUDIATO DI PIU’

IF YOU HAD STUDIED HARDER, YOU WOULD HAVE PASSED THE EXAM

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ESERCIZI SUL PERIODO IPOTETICO


IF I GET HOME LATE, MY MOTHER WILL GET ANGRY

IF I HAD ENOUGH MONEY, I WOULD BUY A NEW BOAT

IF YOU GO TO BED VERY LATE, YOU FEEL TIRED THE NEXT DAY

IF YOU PASS ALL YOUR EXAMS, I WILL BUY YOU A NEW BIKE

IF DAVID LOVED MARGOT, HE WOULD MARRY HER

IF PEOPLE STOP DRINKING, THEY DIE

IF PEOPLE DIDN’T USE THEIR CARS, THERE WOULDN’T BE SO MUCH POLLUTION

IT’S RAINING! IF YOU DON’T TAKE THE UMBRELLA, YOU WILL GET WET

IF YOU BEHAVE LIKE THAT AGAIN, YOU WILL BE PUNISHED

TODAY IS YOUR SISTER’S BIRTHDAY. IF I WERE YOU, I WOULD BUY HER A BOX OF CHOCOLATES

2 INDICA CHE TIPO DI PERIODO IPOTETICO SONO LE FRASI DELL’ESERCIZIO

PRECEDENTE

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VERBI MODALI

I VERBI MODALI SONO QUEI VERBI CHE MANCANO DI ALCUNI TEMPI, SONO INVARIABILI (OVVERO UGUALI A TUTTE LE PERSONE), NELLE FORME INTERROGATIVA E NEGATIVA NON HANNO BISOGNO DELL’AUSILIARE PERCHE’ SONO GIA’ LORO STESSI AUSILIARI E I VERBI CHE LI SEGUONO SONO ALL’INFINITO SENZA IL “TO” (TRANNE OUGHT) ED INDICANO POTERE, VOLERE E DOVERE

VERBI MODALI A CONFRONTO: CAN E COULD

CAN: USATO PER ESPRIMERE CAPACITA’ ED ABILITA’, SI USA ANCHE

PER DARE O RICEVERE UN PERMESSO ED E’ UGUALE PER TUTTE LE PERSONE, NON PRENDE LA “S” ALLA 3 SINGOLARE (I CAN, SHE CAN…)

PER FARE LA FORMA NEGATIVA BASTA AGGIUNGERE “NOT” ( I CAN NOT, I CAN’T, I CANNOT…)

PER FARE LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA BASTA INVERTIRE (CAN I?, CAN SHE?...)

NON HA L’INFINITO (NON ESISTE “TO CAN”)

CAN PUO’ ESSERE SOSTITUITO DA MAY CHE HA LO STESSO SIGNIFICATO SOLO E’ FORMALE

ESEMPI: CAN YOU SPEAK ITALIAN? CAN I USE YOUR PC?

COULD: USATO PER ESPRIMERE CAPACITA’ ED ABILITA’ AL

PASSATO, UGUALE PER TUTTE LE PERSONE, AGGIUNGE “NOT” ALLA FORMA NEGATIVA ED INVERTE ALL’INTERROGATIVA

LO SI PUO’ USARE AL POSTO DI CAN AL PRESENTE IN MANIERA PIU’ FORMALE (COULD I OPEN THE WINDOW, PLEASE?)

ESEMPI: WHEN I WAS A BOY I COULD PLAY PIANO / I COULD SING WHEN I WAS YOUNG

18

VERBI MODALI A CONFRONTO : MAY E MIGHT

MAY: INDICA POTERE FARE QUALCOSA ED E’ USATO ANCHE PER

INDICARE UNA EVENTUALITA’ (ESEMPIO: YOUR BAG MAY WEIGH UP TO 5 KILOS), USATO PER ESPRIMERE UNA PROBABILITA’ FUTURA (I MAY GO TO PARIS NEXT MONTH)

ALLA FORMA NEGATIVA SI AGGIUNGE IL “NOT” (I MAY NOT HAVE ENGLISH TEST NEXT WEEK)

MIGHT: INDICA UNA EVENTUALITA’ PIU’ REMOTA DI MAY ED

ALLA NEGATIVA SI AGGIUNGE IL “NOT” (SHE MIGHT NOT HAVE MISSED HER FLIGHT)

VERBI MODALI A CONFRONTO : WILL E WOULD

WILL: INDICA VOLERE ED E’ USATO PER ESPRIMERE RICHIESTE,

INVITI O BUONA VOLONTA’ DI FARE QUALCOSA ED E’ USATO ANCHE PER ESPRIMERE IL PERMESSO O PER OFFRIRE QUALCOSA

ESEMPI: I WILL WAIT FOR YOU / WILL YOU COME WITH ME? / WILL YOU HAVE A CUP OF COFFEE?

SI USA SPESSO LA FORMA CONTRATTA ‘LL

WOULD: USATO PER ESPRIMERE BUONA VOLONTA’,

RICHIESTA O INVITO (WOULD YOU DO IT FOR ME, PLEASE?) O PER INDICARE LA

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PROBABILITA’ (THIS NOISE WOULD BE THE CAT), SI USA NEL PASSATO PER INDICARE “ERO SOLITO” (WHEN I WAS A LITTLE BOY I WOULD PLAY FOOTBALL)

PER INDICARE DISPONIBILITA’ A FARE QUALCOSA O ESPRIMERE UN’AZIONE

ABITUALE CHE SI FACEVA NEL PASSATO TRADUCEND CON “ERO SOLITO” (WHEN I

WAS A BOY I WOULD PLAY VOLLEYBALL…)

VERBI MODALI A CONFRONTO : SHALL E SHOULD

SHALL : INDICA DOVERE E SI USA SOLO NELLA FORMA

INTERROGATIVA E SOLAMENTE PER LA PRIMA PERSONA SINGOLARE (I) E PLURALE (WE)

SI USA PER FARE PROPOSTE O DARE SUGGERIMENTI (SHALL WE GO?, SHALL WE DANCE?...), PER OFFRIRSI DI FARE QUALCOSA (SHALL I TURN OFF THE RADIO?...) O PER CHIEDERE UN PARERE O UN CONSIGLIO IN MANIERA FORMALE (WHERE SHALL I GO?...)

SHOULD: SI USA PER DARE CONSIGLI, SUGGERIMENTI O

FARE RACCOMANDAZIONI (SHE SHOULD QUIT SMOKING /YOU SHOULD GO TO THE DOCTOR…)

SI USA PER FARE RIMPROVERI (YOU SHOULDN’T BEHAVE LIKE THAT!...) O PER FARE UNA SUPPOSIZIONE (THE MATCH SHOULD START IN ONE HOUR…)

VERBI MODALI A CONFRONTO : MUST /MUST NOT / HAVE TO

/ DON’T HAVE TO

MUST E HAVE TO HANNO LO STESSO

SIGNIFICATO (I MUST FEED MY CATS = I HAVE TO FEED MY CATS) ED INDICANO

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UN’AZIONE OBBLIGATA E UNA NECESSITA’, IL MUST SI USA ANCHE PER ESPRIMERE UN DOVERE O UN OBBLIGO MORALE (I MUST HELP MY MOTHER, I MUST PLAY WITH MY BROTHER… NON SONO OBBLIGATO, MA SO CHE E’ NECESSARIO FARLO)

CON MUST INTENDIAMO ANCHE ESPRIMERE UNA REGOLA O UN OBBLIGO (YOU MUST STOP!)

MUST NOT INDICA UNA PROIBIZIONE O UNA

MANCANZA DI NECESSITA’ (YOU MUST NOT FEED ANIMALS!) O UN DIVIETO (YOU MUST NOT COME HOME LATE)

DON’T HAVE TO (O DOESN’T HAVE TO)

INDICA UNA MANCANZA DI OBBLIGO O UNA COSA NON NECESSARIA (YOU DON’T HAVE TO GO TO BED LATE NON E’ NECESSARIO CHE VAI A LETTO PRESTO PUOI ANDARE PRESTO O TARDI, IL CONSIGLIO E’ DI NON ANDARE TARDI, MA C’E’ LIBERTA’ DI SCELTA)

ESERCIZI SUI MODALI A CONFRONTO

1 COMPLETA CON LA PAROLA ADATTA LE CARATTERISTICHE DEI VERBI

MODALI

I VERBI MODALI SONO VERBI … (PARTICOLARI/UGUALI) CHE NON HANNO ALCUNE … (VOCI VERBALI/REGOLE). ALLA 3 PERSONA SINGOLARE … (PRENDONO/NON PRENDONO) LA “S” SONO CIOE’ … (UGUALI/DIVERSI) PER TUTTE LE PERSONE.

ALLA NEGATIVA AGGIUNGONO … (NOT/DON’T)

CAN E COULD INDICANO … (POTERE/DOVERE), CAN E’ AL … (PRESENTE/PASSATO) E COULD E’ AL … (PRESENTE/PASSATO)

MAY E MIGHT INDICANO … (POTERE/POSSIBILITA’)

SHALL SI USA … (PER I-WE/PER TUTTE LE PERSONE)

MUST E HAVE TO SONO … (DIVERSI/UGUALI)

21

1 COMPLETA CON “MUST” O “MUST NOT”

YOU … PARK YOUR CAR HERE! IT IS FORBIDDEN!

YOU … RUN OR YOU WILL MISS YOUR TRAIN

I … GO TO THE BANK, I NEED SOME MONEY

YOU … SMOKE, IT IS BAD FOR YOUR HEALTH!

YOU … EAT A LOT OF VEGETABLES!

YOU … EAT A LOT OF CHOCOLATE!

YOU … DISTURB THE ANIMALS!

YOU … PICK FLOWERS HERE! IT IS FORBIDDEN!

YOU … TAKE THIS MEDICINE AFTER DINNER

YOU … SPEAK TO STRANGERS

YOU … EAT DURING THE LESSONS

YOU … EXCEED THE SPEED LIMIT

I … DRINK MILK BECAUSE I AM ALLERGIC TO IT

YOU … DISTURB DURING THE LESSONS

PRESENT PERFECT

IL PRESENT PERFECT INDICA UN’AZIONE CHE PUR ESSENDOSI SVOLTA NEL PASSATO HA ANCORA DEI RIFLESSI NEL PRESENTE

QUANDO SI DEVE USARE IL PRESENT PERFECT? SI DEVE USARE NEI SEGUENTI CASI:

1) AZIONE SVOLTA NEL PASSATO MA IL TEMPO NON E’ ESPRESSO (NON DICO QUANDO!) HO VISTO QUEL FILM (NON DICO SE IERI, UNA SETTIMANA FA…) I HAVE SEEN THAT FILM

22

2) AZIONE PASSATA, TEMPO ESPRESSO, MA ANCORA L’AZIONE DURA MENTRE SI PARLA

HO VISTO QUEL FILM QUESTA SETTIMANA (DICO QUANDO, MAANCORA LA SETTIMANA NON E’FINITA!)

I HAVE SEEN THAT FILM THIS WEEK

3) QUANDO COMPAIONO QUESTE PAROLE: JUST, ALREADY, EVER, NEVER, RECENTLY, YET HAVE YOU ALREADY MET HIM? I HAVE JUST MET HIM HAVE YOU EVER MET HIM? (EVER SOLO PER FRASI INTERROGATIVE) I HAVE NEVER MET HIM (NEVER VUOLE VERBO AFFERMATIVO) I HAVE MET HIM RECENTLY I HAVEN’T MET HIM YET JUST, ALREADY, EVER, NEVER SEMPRE TRA HAVE/HAS ED IL VERBO RECENTLY, YET SEMPRE A FINE FRASE

4) L’AZIONE E’ INIZIATA NEL PASSATO MA DURA ANCORA NEL PRESENTE SONO INTRODOTTE IN ITALIANO DALLA PREPOSIZIONE “DA” ED IN INGLESE DA “SINCE/FOR” RICORDA SINCE TRADUCE DA QUANDO MENTRE FOR DA QUANTO TEMPO HOW LONG HAVE YOU KNOWN HIM? (DA QUANTO LO CONOSCI?) I HAVE KNOWN HIM FOR 3 YEARS I HAVE KNOWN HIM SINCE 1995

COME SI FORMA? SEGUENDO LA TABELLA

23

ESERCIZI SUL PRESENT PERFECT


HAVE YOU EVER BEEN IN ENGLAND? YES, I HAVE BEEN THERE 3 TIMES WHY HAVE YOU NOT CALLED HIM YET? HAVE YOU SEEN THAT NEW MOVIE YET? I HAVE BEEN WORKING HERE SINCE 2010 THE TRAIN TO ROME HAS ALREADY LEFT MARY HAS BEEN MARRIED 3 TIMES! WE HAVE LIVED HERE FOR A YEAR I THINK I HAVE NOT SEEN HER BEFORE I HAVE SEEN YOUR FRIEND MARY I HAVE KNOWN MARY SINCE 1990

24

DISCORSO DIRETTO E DISCORSO INDIRETTO

CON IL DISCORSO DIRETTO VENGONO RIPORTATE LE PAROLE TRA VIRGOLETTE PRONUNCIATE DA UNA PERSONA: MARY SAID: “WHAT A NICE DAY!”, CON IL DISCORSO INDIRETTO LE PAROLE NON SONO CITATE E NON VENGONO RIPORTATE ESATTAMENTE: MARY SAID THAT IT WAS A NICE DAY!

IL VERBO CHE INTRODUCE IL DISCORSO INDIRETTO E’ SOLITAMENTE IL SIMPLE PAST POICHE’ RIFERISCE UNA COSA DETTA NEL PASSATO, SI USANO NORMALMENTE I VERBI TO TELL E TO SAY E DOPO QUESTI VERBI SI PUO’ METTERE O TRALASCIARE IL “THAT” (=CHE). SI USA TO TELL QUANDO SI DICE A CHI E’ STATO DETTO QUALCOSA E NON SI METTE LA PREPOSIZIONE, MENTRE TO SAY SI USA SE NON SI DICE A CHI ERA RIVOLTA LA FRASE

MARK TOLD ME: “I AM TIRED” MARK TOLD ME THAT HE WAS TIRED

MARK SAID: “I AM TIRED” MARK SAID THAT HE WAS TIRED

I VERBI CHE POSSONO INTRODURRE IL DISCORSO INDIRETTO SONO:

TO ADD (AGGIUNGERE)

TO ADMIT (AMMETTERE)

TO ANSWER (RISPONDERE=

TO COMPLAIN (LAMENTARSI)

TO DENY (NEGARE)

TO EXPLAIN (SPIEGARE)

TO PROMISE (PROMETTERE)

TO REMARK (NOTARE)

TO REPLY (REPLICARE)

DISCORSO DIRETTO DISCORSO INDIRETTO SIMPLE PRESENT

“I AM TIRED” MARK SAID SIMPLE PAST

MARK SAID THAT HE WAS TIRED PRESENT CONTINOUS

“I AM WRITING A LETTER” MARK SAID PAST CONTINOUS

MARK SAID THAT HE WAS WRITING A LETTER

SIMPLE PAST “I SAW HER ON MONDAY” MARK SAID

PAST PERFECT O SIMPLE PAST (QUANDO LA SITUAZIONE DURA ANCORA NEL

TEMPO) MARK SAID THAT HE HAD SEEN HER ON MONDAY MARK SAID THAT HE SAW HER ON MONDAY

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ERO SOLITO = I USED “WHEN I WAS A LITTLE BOY I USED TO RIDE MY BIKE TO SCHOOL” MARK SAID

ERO SOLITO = I USED MARK SAID THAT HE USED TO RIDE HIS BIKE TO SCHOOL WHEN HE WAS A LITTLE BOY

PAST CONTINOUS “I WAS THINKING OF GOING ON HOLIDAY” MARK SAID

PAST CONTINOUS MARK SAID THAT HE WAS THINKING OF GOING ON HOLIDAY

PRESENT PERFECT “I HAVE SEEN THAT FILM” MARK SAID

PAST PERFECT MARK SAID THAT HE HAD SEEN THAT FILM

FUTURO CON WILL “I WILL BUY A BOOK FOR MARY” MARK SAID

CONDIZIONALE PRESENTE MARK SAID THAT HE WOULD BUY A BOOK FOR MARY

CONDIZIONALE PRESENTE “I WOULD LIKE TO SEE THAT FILM” MARK SAID

CONDIZIONALE PRESENTE MARK SAID THAT HE WOULD LIKE TO SEE THAT FILM

IMPERATIVO “LISTEN TO ME!” MARK SAID

INFINITO CON TO MARK SAID TO HIS FRIENDS TO LISTEN TO HIM

INFINITO “I AM HERE TO LEARN ENGLISH” MARK SAID

INFINITO MARK SAID THAT HE WAS THERE TO LEARN ENGLISH

ANCHE LE ESPRESSIONI DI TEMPO CAMBIANO IN BASE ALLA SEGUENTE TABELLA

26

ESERCIZI SUL DISCORSO DIRETTO ED INDIRETTO

1 TRASFORMA LE FRASI DAL DISCORSO DIRETTO ALL’INDIRETTO

MARY SAID: “WHAT A NICE BABY”

PAUL SAID: “WHAT A NICE WOMAN!”

THE TEACHER SAID: “THIS TEST IS VERY EASY”

“I AM TIRED” MY SISTER SAID

THE BOY SAID: “I AM READING A BOOK”

MARY SAID: “I AM COOKING WITH MY MOTHER”

MY FRIEND SAID: “I SAW GEORGE ON SATURDAY”

MARY SAID: “I WILL BUY A NEW BIKE FOR MY SON”

THE TEACHER SAID TO HER STUDENTS: “LISTEN TO ME!”

THE TEACHER SAID: “I AM HERE TO HELP MARY AND THOMAS”

2 TRASFORMA LE FRASI DAL DISCORSO INDIRETTO AL DIRETTO

MARY SAID SHE WAS THERE TO HELP HER MOTHER

JOHN SAID THAT HE WOULD BUY A RING FOR HIS WIFE

GEORGE SAID THAT HE WAS VERY BUSY AND HE WAS TEACHING ENGLISH TO HIS SISTER

THE BOYS SAID THAT THEY HAD SEEN THAT FILM WITH THEIR TEACHER

27

PRONOMI RELATIVI: WHO, THAT, WHICH, WHOSE, WHERE

I PRONOMI RELATIVI SI USANO PER INDICARE DI CHI O DI CHE COSA SI STA PARLANDO

QUANDO CI RIFERIAMO ALLE PERSONE USIAMO WHO O THAT

THE BOYS THAT ARE SINGING ARE MY BROTHERS

I WORK WITH THE LADY WHO IS SITTING NEXT TO HELEN

ADRIAN IS THE BOY WHO LENT ME HIS CAR

QUANDO CI RIFERIAMO A COSE O ANIMALI USIAMO WHICH O THAT

THE TV PROGRAMME WHICH I WATCHED YESTERDAY IS “MASTER CHIEF”

BALMORAL CASTLE IS A PRIVATE PROPERTY THAT BELONGS TO THE BRITISH ROYAL FAMILY

THIS IS THE MOBILE PHONE THAT/WHICH I BOUGHT LAST WEEK

QUANDO CI SI RIFERISCE A COSA O A CHI APPARTIENE QUALCOSA O QUALCUNO SI USA IL PRONOME WHOSE CHE TRADUCE DI CUI/DEL QUALE...

SHOW ME THE MAN WHOSE PAINTINGS ARE EXHIBITED AT THE GALLERY

QUANDO SI VUOLE INDICARE UN LUOGO SI USA WHERE CHE TRADUCE IN CUI/ NEL QUALE…

LIVERPOOL IS THE PLACE WHERE THE BEATLEAS WERE BORN

28

FAC SIMILE PROVE D’ESAME

1 LETTERA: HAI APPENA CONCLUSO LA SCUOLA ED OTTENUTO IL DIPLOMA.

DOPO LE VACANZE TI PIACEREBBE RECARTI ALL’ESTERO PER FREQUENTARE

UN CORSO DI SPECIALIZZAZIONE E AL TEMPO STESSO TROVARE UN LAVORO

PART-TIME. SCRIVI UNA E-MAIL AL TUO AMICO JACK PER SPIEGARGLI I TUOI

PROGETTI. AGGIUNGI ALCUNE INFORMAZIONI SU DOVE TI PIACEREBBE

ANDARE (CITTA’, NAZIONE), QUALE CORSO VORRESTI FREQUENTARE, CHE

TIPO DI LAVORO PART-TIME VORRESTI TROVARE E ALTRE COSE CHE TI

PIACEREBBE FARE MENTRE SEI ALL’ESTERO (MINIMO 50 PAROLE)

2 LEGGI IL SEGUENTE TESTO E COMPLETA CON L’ALTERNATIVA CORRETTA

JFK INTERNATIONAL – ONE OF THE WORLD’S BUSIEST AIRPORTS

JOHN F. KENNEDY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IS ONE OF THE BUSIEST INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS IN THE WORLD. LOCATED IN THE QUEENS DISTRICT OF NEW YORK CITY, JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT HANDLES … (MOST/MORE/LESS/FEWER) INTERNATIONAL PASSENGERS THAN ANY OTHER AIRPORT IN THE UNITED STATES. IN 2010 OVER 46 MILLION PASSENGERS WENT … (ON/IN/OUT/THROUGH) THE TERMINALS OF JFK. THE AIRPORT IS A CITY IN ITSELF. MORE THAN 90 AIRLINES … (FLY/GO/DEPART/ARRIVE) IN AND OUT OF NEW YORK’S JFK AIRPORT. THE BUSIEST ROUTES FROM JFK LEAD TO LONDON, MADRID AND PARIS. THE AIRPORT OPENED IN 1948. ORIGINALLY, IT WAS CALLED IDLEWILD AIRPORT. IT WAS … (RECALLED/INAUGURATED/RENAMED/CLOSED) SHORTLY AFTER PRESIDENT KENNEDY WAS ASSASSINATED IN 1963. CURRENTLY THERE ARE FOUR RUNWAYS ON … (WHO/THAT/WHICH/WHERE) PLANES TAKE OFF AND LAND. ONE OF THEM IS LONG ENOUGH FOR A SPACE SHUTTLE TO LAND. JFK AIRPORT HAS EIGHT TERMINALS WITH A TOTAL OF OVER 150 GATES. ALL THE TERMINALS ARE CONNECTED WITH EACH OTHER THROUGH A TRAIN SYSTEM. THIS TRAIN SYSTEM CONNECTS THE AIRPORT WITH DOWNTOWN NEW YORK. IT TAKES PASSENGERS ABOUT 30 TO 40 MINUTES … (GET/TO GET/LAND/TO LAND) TO CENTRAL MANHATTAN, ABOUT 20 KM FROM THE AIRPORT. MOST OF THE CARGO BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES PASSES THROUGH JFK AND ALMOST A QUARTER OF ALL INTERNATIONAL … (GOODS/GOOD/BUSINESS/ITEMS) TO AND FROM THE USA ARE HANDLED BY THE AIRPORT. JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT HAS ALSO BEEN THE LOCATION OF SEVERAL ACCIDENTS AND TRAGEDIES. AMONG … (IT/WHICH/WHO/THEM) A TWA FLIGHT EXPLODED SHORTLY AFTER TAKING OFF FROM JFK. ALL 230 PEOPLE WERE KILLED. IN APRIL 2011 AN AIRBUS A-380 CRASHED INTO A SMALLER PLANE … (AFTER/WHILE/BEFORE/AMONG) STILL ON THE GROUND. FORTUNATELY … (EVERYBODY/SOMEBODY/NOBODY/ANYBODY) WAS INJURED.

3 COMPLETA LA PARTE MANCANTE IN MODO CHE LA SECONDA FRASE ABBIA

LO STESSO SIGNIFICATO DELLA PRIMA. PUOI UTILIZZARE FINO A TRE PAROLE

29

LET’S GO TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT! = WHY DON’T … TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT?

IT’S NOT GOOD FOR YOU TO EAT TOO MUCH JUNK FOOD = YOU … EAT TOO MUCH JUNK FOOD

PAUL IS NOT AS TALLL AS BOB = BOB IS … THAN PAUL

YOU CAN ONLY EAT THERE IF YOU BOOK IN ADVANCE = IF YOU DON’T BOOK IN ADVANCE, YOU … THERE

BOB’S PUB HAS BEEN OPEN FOR 5 YEARS = BOB O PENED THIS PUB …

4 SCEGLI TRA LE FRASI INDICATE QUELLA CHE RIPRODUCE IL SIGNIFICATO

DEL TESTO

MODERN ART MUSEUM: 10% DISCOUNT FOR GROUPS OF 10 OR MORE PEOPLE

A) YOU CAN PAY LESS MONEY IF YOU ENTER WITH 12 FRIENDS B) YOU CAN PAY LESS MONEY IF YOU ENTER ALONE C) TICKETS FOR GROUPS OF 8 PEOPLE ARE LESS EXPENSIVE D) TICKETS FOR GROUPS OF 5 PEOPLE COST 10% MORE

FASHION HAIR STYLE: OPEN TUESDAY TO SATURDAY 9.00 A.M. TO 8.00 P.M. BOOKING NOT NECESSARY

A) YOU CAN GO TO THE HAIRDRESSER’S ON SUNDAY MORNING WITHOUT BOOKING

B) YOU CAN GO TO THE HAIRDRESSER’S ON MONDAY AT 2 P.M. WITHOUT BOOKING

C) YOU CAN GO TO THE HAIRDRESSER’S ON SATURDAY AT 9 IN THE EVENING IF YOU BOOK

D) YOU CAN GO TO THE HAIRDRESSER’S ON FRIDAY AT 3 IN THE AFTERNOON WITHOUT BOOKING

FROM: JOHN

TO: SUE

HI JOHN. I’M FLYNG TO ROME TOMORROW. I NEED TO BE AT THE AIRPORT AT 8.00 A.M. COULD YOU DRIVE ME THERE ON YOUR WAY TO SCHOOL? THANKS!

A) SUE MUST GO TO SCHOOL TOMORROW B) SUE IS TAKING A PLANE TO ROME TOMORROW C) SUE IS DRIVING TO THE AIRPORT TOMORROW MORNING D) JOHN IS LEAVING BY PLANE TOMORROW

PRIORITY SEAT FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE DISABLED OR PREGNANT

A) YOU CAN’T SIT THERE IF YOU ARE PREGNANT

30

B) YOU SHOULD OFFER THIS SEAT TO A DISABLED PERSON OR TO A PREGNANT WOMAN

C) YOU CAN SIT HERE IF YOU ARE NOT DISABLED D) PREGNANT WOMEN SHOULD ALWAYS STAND UP

MOTORWAY E4 LONDON SOUTH EXIT CLOSED FOR REPAIRS FROM 10 P.M. TO 6 A.M. UNTIL 30TH SEPTEMBER

A) YOU CAN’T DRIVE ALONG THE E4 UNTIL THE END OF SEPTEMBER B) YOU CAN’T DRIVE ALONG THE E4 AT NIGHT UNTIL THE END OF SEPTEMBER C) LONDON SOUTH EXIT WILL BE CLOSED EVERY NIGHT UNTIL THE END OF SEPTEMBER

D) LONDON SOUTH EXIT WILL BE CLOSED ALL DAY UNTIL THE END OF SEPTEMBER

5 LEGGI LE SEGUENTI DESCRIZIONI E SCEGLI QUELLA PIU’ ADATTA ALLE

PERSONE DI SEGUITO INDICATE

COURSE 1 – CREATIVE WRITING

ARE YOU INTERESTED IN CREATING YOUR OWN NOVEL? IF YOU FEEL YOU HAVE A LOT TO SAY BUT YOU DON’T KNOW HOW, THIS COURSE WILL HELP YOU ACQUIRE THE WRITING SKILLS YOU NEED

COURSE 2 – MODERN AUTHORS

IF YOU WANT TO LEARN ABOUT THE GREATEST WRITERS OF TODAY, THIS COURSE IS JUST WHAT YOU ARE LOOKING FOR. A FAMOUS LITERARY CRITIC WILL GUIDE YOU THROUGH THE WORKS OF THE BEST CONTEMPORARY WRITERS

COURSE 3 – DRAWING

IF YOU HAVE A CREATIVE MIND AND LIKE DRAWING YOUR EMOTIONS, THIS COURSE IS FOR YOU. AN EXPERIENCED TEACHER WILL SHOW YOU THE BASIC DRAWING TECHNIQUES TO PRODUCE YOUR OWN MASTERPIECES!

COURSE 4 – FRENCH PAINTERS

THIS COURSE IS FOR PEOPLE WHO LIKE PAINTING AND WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE GREAT MASTERS OF THE PAST. AN ART CRITIC WILL GUIDE YOU TO UNDERSTAND THE INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES USED BY THE MOST FAMOUS PAINTERS OF FRANCE

ANN HAS BEEN A KEEN READER SINCE SHE WAS A CHILD. SHE HAS READ A LOT OF BOOKS OF MODERN WRITERS AND NOW SHE WOULD LIKE TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THEM = COURSE N. …

SOPHIE LIKES ART, IN PARTICULAR PAINTING. WHENEVER SHE HAS SOME FREE TIME SHE VISITS MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES, BUT NOW SHE WOULD LIKE TO

31

KNOW SOMETHING MORE ABOUT THE TECHNIQUES USED BY THE GREAT MASTERS OF THE PAST = COURSE N. …

JOHN IS REALLY KEEN ON DRAWING AND SPENDS HIS TIME DRAWING ON ANY PIACE OF PAPER HE CAN FIND. NOW HE WOULD LIKE TO IMPROVE HIS TECHNIQUES WITH THE HELP OF A GOOD TEACHER = COURSE N. …

MARK HAS ALWAYS BEEN INTERESTED IN BOOKS, IN PARTICULAR CRIME STORIES. HE HAS READ A LOT AND HAS JUST STARTED TO WRITE A NOVEL BUT HE THINKS HE NEEDS TO DEVELOP HIS WRITING SKILLS

1 LETTERA: IL TUO AMICO JOSH HA DECISO DI TRASCORRERE UN MESE IN

ITALIA DURANTE LE VACANZE ESTIVE. GLI PIACEREBBE VISITARE QUALCHE

LOCALITA’ FAMOSA O CITTA’ D’ARTE E VORREBBE ANCHE TRASCORRERE

QUALCHE GIORNO AL MARE. NON HA MOLTI SOLDI, MA E’ DISPOSTO A FARE

QUALCHE LAVORO OCCASIONALE PER PAGARSI LA VACANZA. SCRIVIGLI UNA

E-MAIL CON TUTTE LE INFORMAZIONI ED I SUGGERIMENTI CHE TI HA

CHIESTO, IN PARTICOLARE QUALI CITTA’ E LOCALITA’ POTREBBE VISITARE,

COSA POTREBBE VEDERE, IN QUALE LOCALITA’ DI MARE POTREBBE

TRASCORRERE QUALCHE GIORNO, QUALE SISTEMAZIONE POTREBBE

TROVARE E QUALE POSSIBILITA’ DI LAVORO CI SONO (MINIMO 50 PAROLE)


LIKE IT OR HATE IT, THE SHARD-EUROPE’S TALLEST BUILDING – HAS CHANGED THE LONDON SKYLINE FOREVER

LAST JULY, LONDON’S … (NEWER/NEWEST/MORE NEW/MOST NEW) SKYSCRAPER WAS OFFICIALLY COMPLETED. THE SKYSCRAPER IS CALLED THE SHARD AND IT COST ABOUT £430 MILLION TO BUILD. AT A HEIGHT OF ALMOST 310 METRES, IT IS THE TALLEST BUILDING IN EUROPE. THE SHARD IS SO TALL … (SO/AS/THAT/WHICH) OTHER GREAT MONUMENTS LIKE ST PAUL’S CATHEDRAL AND TOWER BRIDGE LOOK SMALL … (IN/ON/TO/AS) COMPARISON. THE SHARD HAS COMPLETELY CHANGED THE APPEARANCE OF LONDON. HOWEVER, NOT EVERYONE THINKS THAT IT IS A CHANGE FOR THE BETTER. THE SHARD WAS … (DESIGN/DESIGNER/DESIGNED/DESIGNS) BY THE FAMOUS ITALIAN ARCHITECT RENZO PIANO. WHEN HE BEGAN DESIGNING THE SHARD, PIANO WANTED A VERY TALL BUILDING THAT LOOKED … (HOW/SO/TO/LIKE) A SPIRE. THE SIDES OF THE BUILDING AREN’T REGULAR, SO THE BUILDING HAS AN USUAL SHAPE. IT LOOKS LIKE A BROKEN SPLINTER OF GLASS (OR SHARD). THAT IS HOW THE BUILDING GOT ITS NAME: THE SHARD. PIANO UNDERSTOOD THAT IT WAS A RISK TO BUILT SUCH AN UNUSUAL BUILDING … (WHO/WHICH/WHOSE/THAT) SHAPE REMINDS HIM OF

32

THE SPIRE OF THE CHURCHES OF LONDON AND OF THE TALL MASTS OF THE SHIPS THAT WERE ONCE … (IN/ON/FOR/AGAINST) THE RIVER THAMES. THE SHARD HAS 87 FLOORS. AT THE TOP, THERE IS AN OBSERVATORY WHICH IS OPEN … (TO/FOR/AT/IN) THE PUBLIC. AT THE MOMENT THE BUILDING IS EMPTY, BUT EVENTUALLY THERE WILL BE A LUXURY 5-STAR HOTEL, TOP QUALITY RESTAURANTS, LUXURY APARTMENTS, A SPA AND OFFICES. LOCAL RESIDENTS DIDN’T WANT THE BUILDING, BUT THE PLANS WERE APPROVED AND, IN 2009, BUILDING WORK BEGAN. A LOT OF PEOPLE WERE STILL UNHAPPY ABOUT THE SHARD. CRITICS SAID THAT SUCH A TALL SKYSCRAPER MIGHT BE GOOD IN A CITY LIKE NEW YORK, BUT IT WOULD NOT … (LOOK/SEE/WATCH/OBSERVE) GOOD IN LONDON. THE SHARD, THE SPLINTER OF GLASS, NOW DOMINATES THE LONDON SKYLINE. IT IS NOT CERTAIN, HOWEVER, THAT ORDINARY LONDON CITIZENS WILL … (NEVER/EVER/ALWAYS/OFTEN) ACCEPT IT AS A VALUABLE ADDITION TO THE CITY.



WHY DON’T YOU SAVE SOME MONEY IF YOU WANT TO BUY A NEW CAR? = I THINK YOU … SAVE SOME MONEY IF YOU WANT TO BUY A NEW CAR

BOB’S PUB HAS BEEN OPEN FOR 5 YEARS = BOB OPENED THIS PUB …

PAUL IS NOT AS TALL AS BOB = BOB IS … THAN PAUL


LET’S GO TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT! = WHY DON’T YOU … TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT?


DEL TESTO

TURN OFF ALL MOBILES IN THE LIBRARY

A) YOU MUST LEAVE YOUR MOBILE AT HOME IF YOU WANT TO ENTER THE LIBRARY

B) YOU CAN KEEP YOUR MOBILE WITH YOU IN THE LIBRARY IF IT IS SWITCHED OFF

C) YOU CAN’T GO INTO THE LIBRARY IF YOU HAVE A MOBILE WITH YOU D) YOU MUST LEAVE YOUR MOBILE ON A TABLE AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE

LIBRARY

SPRING SCHOOL MARATHON IN WESLEY PARK: RACE STARTS AT 9.00 A.M. PARTICIPANTS SHOULD MEET AT 8.30 A.M. AT THE PARK GATE TO GET THEIR RACE NUMBERS. NO NUMBERS WILL BE GIVEN AFTER 8.45 A.M. RACE WILL BE HELD IN ANY WEATHER

33

A) PARTICIPANTS SHOULD GATHER AT 9.00 A.M. AT THE PARK B) THE MARATHON WILL BE CANCELLED IF IT RAINS C) PARTICIPANTS CAN GET THEIR NUMBERS AT 9.00 A.M. D) PARTICIPANTS MUST GET THEIR NUMBERS BEFIRE 9 O’ CLOCK

PRIORITY SEAT: FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE DISABLED OR PREGNANT

A) YOU CAN’T SIT HERE IF YOU ARE PREGNANT B) YOU SHOULD OFFER THIS SEAT TO A DISABLED PERSON OR TO A PREGNANT

WOMAN C) YOU CAN SIT HERE IF YOU ARE NOT DISABLED D) PREGNANT WOMEN SHOULD ALWAYS STAND UP

FROM: ANNE

TO: ROBERT

SORRY, I CAN’T DRIVE YOU TO SCHOOL TOMORROW. MY MUM NEEDS THE CAR TO GO TO HER OFFICE. WE CAN GO BY BUS TOGETHER, IF YOU LIKE. LET ME KNOW!

A) ANNA AND ROBERT CAN’T GO TO SCHOOL BY CAR TOMORROW B) ANNA IS USING HER MOTHER’S CAR TOMORROW C) ANNA IS DRIVING HER MUM TO THE OFFICE TOMORROW D) ROBERT IS DRIVING ANNA TO SCHOOL TOMORROW

SUMMER SALE UNTIL END OF JUNE: BUY YOUR NEW JEANS NOW! A FREE T-SHIRT WITH EACH PAIR AND AN EXTRA 30% OFF IT YOU BUY TWO PAIRS!

A) IF YOU BUY TWO PAIRS OF JEANS BEFORE THE END OF JUNE YOU’LL GET A FREE T-SHIRT

B) IF YOU BUYT A PAIR OF JEANS AND A T-SHIRT BEFORE THE END OF JUNE YOU’LL HAVE A SPECIAL DISCOUNT

C) IF YOU BUY TWO PAIRS OF JEANS BEFORE THE END OF JUNE YOU’LL HAVE A SPECIAL DISCOUNT

D) IF YOU BUY A PAIR OF JEANS IN JULY YOU’LL HAVE A FREE T-SHIRT



JOB 1 – CHILDREN CAMPS IN THE COUNTRY

WE ARE LOOKING FOR GROUP LEADERS FOR OUR CHILDREN SUMMER CAMPS IN THE COUNTRY. IF YOU LIKE STAYING WITH CHILDREN AND ARE ABLE TO ORGANISE AND DO A RANGE OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES, THIS IT THE RIGHT JOB FOR YOU! WE CAN PROVIDE ACCOMMODATION AND MEALS AND COVER ALL EXPENSES.

34

JOB 2 – SUNSHINE RETIREMENT HOME

STAFF IS NEEDED FOR OUR RETIREMENT HOME FOR OVER 70S AT A SEASIDE RESORT ON THE SOUTH COAST, FROM THE BEGINNING OF JULY TO THE END OF SEPTEMBER. EXPERIENCE IS REQUIRED, AS THE JOB WILL INVOLVE TAKING CARE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE. ACCOMODATION, MEALS AND A SMALL SALARY WILL BE PROVIDED.

JOB 3 – SUNRISE HOTELS

WOULD YOU LIKE A SUMMER JOB IN ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL SEASIDE RESORTS IN SPAIN? WE HAVE VACANCIES FOR TOUR OPERATORS AND RECEPTIONISTS IN OUR 4-STAR HOTELS. ACCOMODATION AND MEALS WILL BE PROVIDED, THE SALARY IS QUITE GOOD. APPLICANTS MUST SPEAK SPANISH AS WELL AS AT LEAST ONE OTHER FOREIGN LANGUAGE.

JOB 4 – WANT TO BE A CHEF?

WE HAVE A CHAINS OF EXCLUSIVE RESTAURANTS IN FRANCE AND WE ARE LOOKING FOR YOUNG PEOPLE TO WORK AS WAITERS AND WAITRESSES DURING THE SUMMER SEASON. NO PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE REQUIRED AS YOU CAN LEARN WHILE WORKING WITH OUR QUALIFIED CHEFS. WE CAN PROVIDE INDIVIDUAL ROOMS, FREE MEALS AND A SMALL WAGE.

MARY IS GOING TO STUDY MEDICINE AT UNIVERSITY NEXT YEAR AND SHE WOULD LIKE TO FIND A SUMMER JOB AT THE SEASIDE. SHE LOVES HELPING PEOPLE AND HAS ALREADY WORKED WITH ELDERLY PEOPLE AS A VOLUNTEER. SHE DOESN’T MIND WORKING HARD = JOB N. …

BOB IS A STUDENT AND HE IS LOOKING FOR A HOLIDAY JOB TO GET A BREAK FROM THE TOWN. HE’S AN ACTIVE YOUNG MAN, HE LOVES WALKING, STAYING OUTDOORS AND HE’S VERY GOOD AT ORGANISING THINGS = JOB N. …

ALAN WOULD LIKE TO OPEN HIS OWN RESTAURANT IN THE FUTURE AND HE’S LOOKING FOR A HOLIDAY JOB. HE’S MORE INTERESTED IN GAINING EXPERIENCE THAN IN EARNING MONEY. HE LIKES TRAVELLING AND CAN SPEAK FRENCH, GERMAN AND SPANISH = JOB N. …

JANET IS GOING TO ATTEND AN EXPENSIVE COURSE NEXT YEAR SO SHE WOULD LIKE TO FIND A WELL PAID JOB. SHE LIKES BEING WITH OTHER PEOPLE AND HAVING EXPERIENCES ABROAD. SHE CAN SPEAK GERMAN, FRENCHE AND SPANISH = JOB N. …

35

1 LETTERA: IL PROSSIMO MESE DI LUGLIO, NELLA CITTA’ IN CUI VIVI SI

TERRA’ IL SUMMER ROCK FESTIVAL, A CUI PARTECIPERANNO NUMEROSI

GRUPPI E CANTANTI PER UNA SERIE DI CONCERTI CHE DURERA’ UNA

SETTIMANA. IL TUO AMICO TED, CHE VIVE NEGLI STATI UNITI, VORREBBE

VENIRE IN ITALIA IN OCCASIONE DELL’EVENTO E TI HA SCRITTO PER

CHIEDERTI ALCUNE INFORMAZIONI. SCRIVIGLI UNA E-MAIL CON TUTTE LE

INFORMAZIONI E I CONSIGLI, IN PARTICOLARE DOVE E QUANDO SI TERRANNO

I CONCERTI, QUALI SONO I CONCERTI PIU’ INTERESSANTI, COME E’ POSSIBILE

PROCURARSI I BIGLIETTI, DOVE POTRA’ ALLOGGIARE, QUALE ALTRE

ATTIVITA’ (VISITE, ESCURSIONE, ECC.) POTREBBE FARE MENTRE E’ NEL TUO

PAESE (MINIMO 50 PAROLE)


MODERN BRITISH FAMILIES

FATHER LEAVES FOR WORK … (AT/IN/ALL/EVERY) THE MORNING AFTER BREAKFAST. THE CHILDREN TAKE THE BUS TO SCHOOL, AND MOTHER STAYS AT HOME COOKING AND CLEANING UNTIL FATHER AND THE KIDS RETURN HOME IN THE EVENING. THIS IS THE TRADITIONAL PICTURE OF A HAPPY FAMILY … (LIVED/LIVE/LIVING/LIVES) IN BRITAIN, BUT IS IT TRUE TODAY? THE ANSWER IS – NO! THE PAST TWENTY YEARS … (SEEN/HAVE SEEN/WILL SEE/SEE) ENORMOUS CHANGES IN THE LIVES AND STRUCTURES OF FAMILIES IN BRITAIN, AND THE TRADITIONAL MODEL IS NO LONGER TRUE IN MOST CASES. THE BIGGEST CHANGE HAS BEEN CAUSED … (BY/FROM/FOR/TO) DIVORCE. AS MANY AS 2 OUT OF 3 MARRIAGES NOW END IN DIVORCE, LEADING TO A SITUATION … (WHO/WHICH/WHEN/WHERE) MANY CHILDREN LIVE WITH ONE PARENT AND ONLY SEE THE OTHER ONE AT WEEKENDS OR HOLIDAYS. THERE HAS ALSO BEEN A HUGE RISE … (OF/AT/IN/BY) THE NUMBER OF MOTHERS WHO WORK. … (BECAUSE/BECAUSE OF/WHY/SINCE) THE LARGE RISE IN DIVORCES, MANY WOMEN NEED TO WORK TO SUPPORT THEMSELVES AND THEIR CHILDREN. EVEN WHEN THERE IS NO DIVORCE, IN MANY FAMILIES BOTH PARENTS … (NEED/MUST/SHOULD/WOULD) TO WORK IN ORDER TO SURVIVE. THIS HAS CAUSED AN INCREASE IN CHILDCARE FACILITIES. IN ADDITION, WOMEN ARE NO LONGER HAPPY TO STAY AT HOME RAISING CHILDREN, AND MANY HAVE CAREEERS EARNING AS MUS AS OR EVEN MORE THAN MEN. HOWEVER, THESE CHANGES HAVE NOT HAD A TOTALLY NEGATIVE EFFECT. FOR WOMEN, IT IS NOW MUCH EASIER TO HAVE A CAREER AND GOOD SALARY. … (ALTHOUGH/SINCE/EVEN/BECAUSE) IT IS DIFFICULT TO BE A WORKING MOTHER, IT HAS BECOME NORMAL AND IT’S NO LONGER SEEN AS A BAD THING FOR THE CHILDREN. AS FOR CHILDREN THEMSELVES, SOME ARGUE THAT MODERN CHILDREN GROW UP TO BE … (MOST/MORE/MUCH/AS) INDEPENDENT AND MATURE THAN IN THE PAST.

36



LET’S GO TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT! = WHY DON’T… TO THE CINEMA TONIGHT?


I DON’T THINK IT’S A GOOD IDEA TO EAT SUCH A LOT OF JUNK FOOD IF YOU WANT TO KEEP FIT = YOU … EAT SO MUCH JUNK FOOD IF YOU WANT TO KEEP FIT!

BOB’S PUB HAS BEEN OPEN FOR 5 YEARS = BOB OPENED THIS PUB ...

PAUL IS NOT AS TALL AS BOB = BOB IS … THAN PAUL


DEL TESTO

OPEN FIELD CAR PARK: 1€ PER HOUR, FIRST HOUR FREE. GET YOUR TICKET AT ENTRANCE, PAY FOR PARKING AT EXIT. THE MACHINE GIVES CHANGE.

A) YOU MUST PAY BEFORE GETTING INTO THE CAR PARK B) YOU CAN PAY AT EXIT ONLY IF YOU HAVE CHANGE C) IF YOU PARK YOUR CAR FOR ONLY ONE HOUR, YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY

ANYTHING D) YOU CAN PAY AT THE ENTRANCE WHEN YOU GET THE TICKET

FROM: JOSH

TO: ANDREW

HI ANDREW! ALEX HAS JUST TOLD ME HE’S GOT AN EXTRA FREE TICKET FOR THE CONCERT TOMORROW! IT YOU’RE INTERESTED, LET HIM KNOW RIGHT NOW. IT’LL BE FUN IF YOU COME WITH US!

A) JOSH HAS AN EXTRA TICKET FOR THE CONCERT B) ALEX HAS AN EXTRA TICKET BECAUSE HE’S NOT GOING TO THE CONCERT C) ANDREW CAN GO TO THE CONCERT ONLY IF HE PAYS FOR THE TICKET D) ANDREW CAN HAVE THE TICKET IF HE CALLS ALEX RIGHT NOW

PRIORITY SEAT: FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE DISABLED OR PREGNANT

A) YOU CAN’T SIT HERE IF YOU ARE PREGNANT B) YOU SHOULD OFFER THIS SEAT TO A DISABLED PERSON OR TO A PREGNANT

WOMAN C) YOU CAN SIT HERE IF YOU ARE NOT DISABLED D) PREGNANT WOMEN SHOULD ALWAYS STAND UP

37

GREEN FARM MARKET: ALL OUR FOODS ARE MADE WITH LOCALLY PRODUCED INGREDIENTS! ALSO GUTEN FREE PRODUCTS. GARDEN CAFÉ OPEN WITH FREE SEATING BUT YOU CAN CONSUME ONLY FOOD AND DRINKS BOUGHT HERE!

A) YOU CAN BUY FOOD AT THE MARKET AND EAT IT IN THE GARDEN CAFÉ B) YOU CAN BUY FOOD AT THE MARKET AND EAT IN THE GARDEN CAFÉ WITH

YOUR OWN DRINKS C) ALL THE FOODS SOLD AT THE MARKET ARE GLUTEN FREE D) SOME OF THE FOOD AT THE MARKET HAS BEEN BOUGHT IN THE LOCAL

AREA

MOTORWAY EXIT N. 5 WILL BE CLOSED FOR REPAIRS EVERY NIGHT FROM 10 P.M. TO 6 A.M. UNTIL THE END OF MAY

A) IT WON’T BE POSSIBLE TO DRIVE ALONG EXIT N. 5 AT EIGHT IN THE EVENING IN MAY

B) IT WON’T BE POSSIBLE TO DRIVE ALONG EXIT N. 5 AT ELEVEN IN THE EVENING IN JUNE

C) IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO DRIVE ALONG EXIT N. 5 AT NINE IN THE EVENING IN MAY

D) IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO DRIVE ALONG EXIT N. 5 AT FIVE IN THE MORNING IN MAY



BOOK 1 - A JOURNEY INTO THE PAST

WRITTEN BY THE MOST FAMOUS EXPLORER OF CENTRAL AMERICA, THIS BOOK WILL TAKE YOU ALONG THE ANCIENT ROUTE THAT STARTS FROM THE SANDY CARIBBEAN SHORES AND WINDS INTO THE DEEP FOREST AND UP MOUNTAINS WHERE MAGNIFICENT REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT MAYAN CIVILISATION CAN STILL BE SEEN

BOOK 2 – A LAND TO DISCOVER

WRITTEN BY ANNABEL FIELDS, OUR FAMOUS REPORTER OF AUSTRALIAN BIRTH, THIS BOOK IS A NECESSARY GUIDE FOR ANYONE WHO WANTS TO VISIT THE ISLAND, WHERE PAST AND PRESENT COEXIST. WHETHER YOU WANT TO STAY IN SIDNEY AND ENJOY ITS MODERN AND VIVID LIFE, OR TO TRAVEL DEEP INTO THE DESERT AND DISCOVER THE ISLAND’S NATURAL BEAUTIES, THIS BOOK IS THE RIGHT THING FOR YOU!

BOOK 3 – LIFE AND MYSTERIES OF A SPY

SET IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY, IN THE TROUBLED YEARS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAS, THIS BOOK IS THE STORY OF ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS SPIES WHO WORKED FROM PARIS TO VIENNA AND BERLIN. NOT ONLY A SPY, BUT

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ALSO A BEAUTIFUL WOMAN, FAMOUS FOR HER LOVE AFFAIRS, HES SECRETS REMAIN UNDISCLOSED.

BOOK 4 – SECRETS OF MI5

A BOOK THAT WILL TAKE YOU INTO THE SECRETS OF MI5, THE BRITISH SECURITY SERVICE, FAMOUS FOR ITS ACTIVITIES DURING AND AFTER THE SECOND WORLS WAR. AFTER LEAVING THE SERVICE, THE AUTHOR OF THIS BOOK DECIDED TO REVEAL SOME OF HIS MOST SECRET MISSIONS IN A BREATHTAKING NOVEL WHERE FICTION AND REALITY MIX TOGETHER

BOB IS GOING TO AUSTRALIA AS PART OF HIS JOB, BUT HE WOULD ALSO LIKE TO VISIT THE COUNTRY. HE’S LOOKING FOR A GUIDEBOOK TO MAKE THE MOST OF HIS HOLIDAY = BOOK N. …

ALAN IS AN ENGLISHMAN WHO LIKES READING ABOUT THE RECENT HISTORY OF HIS COUNTRY. IN PARTICULAR HE ENJOYS READING SPY-STORIES AND BIOGRAPHIES = BOOK N. …

ANN IS INTERESTED IN PAST CULTURES AND EXOTIC LANDSCAPES, BUT CAN’T AFFORT A HOLIDAY IN DISTANT PLACES. SO SHE LIKES READING BOOKS THAT DESCRIBE EXOTIC PLACES AND THE CULTURES FROM THE PAST = BOOK N. …

SARAH IS GOING ON HOLIDAY AND SHE WOULD LIKE TO TAKE AN INTERESTING BOOK WITH HER. SHE LOVES ROMANTIC STORIES, BUT SHE IS ALSO INTERESTED IN THE HISTORY OF EUROPE = BOOK N. …

Competenza di riferimento per la lezione/UF dedotta dal Piano...

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