ShaleGas Revolution: opportunità e sfide per l’industria ...

Shale Gas Revolution:

opportunità e sfide per l’industria italiana nel mondo

Milano - 1° luglio 2014

Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas

Alessio Liati – Artes Ingegneria

Il trattamento delle acque nello shale gas – Alessio Liati, 1 luglio 2014, Milano

Fracking

Flowback capture

Production

Drilling

Civil/site preparation

Shale gas: phases and lifecycle

LA1

Diapositiva 2

LA1 Lo shale gas è estratto da giacimenti non convenzionali in cui il gas è intrappolato nelle microporosità della roccia, di tipo argilloso e quindi poco

permeabile.

I giacimenti si trovano tra i 2000 e i 4000 metri di profondità; una volta raggiunta la quota con una perforazione verticale, si esegue una

perforazione orizzontale, seguita dalla fratturazione idraulica che ha lo scopo di migliorare la permeabilità delle rocce e il recupero del gas

intrappolato. La percentuale di gas estratta, rispetto a quella presente è circa del 30% (70 nei convenzionali). Dunque è necessario perforare un

numero elevato di pozzi.Leni Alessandra; 22/06/2014


Water management cycle


Water fluxes through the well’s lifecycle

Data from:

• Gay, Fletcher, Gross et al. Water management in Shale Gas Plays. IHS Water White Paper. Aug. 2012.

• GSI Environmental, Houston, Texas, 2010


Fracking water data

% composition by volume

Gregory, Vidic, Dzombak, Water management challenges associated with the production of Shale Gas

by Hydraulic Fracturing. Elements. Vol 7, June 2011. Data from various sources (EPA 2004; API 2009)


Fracking water management

Water origin:

• well

• surface (river, lake, sea)

• municipal source

• reused waste water

Water transportation from source to well:

• Truck tanks

• Pipelines

Storage:

• Steel tanks

• Open basins, on site or centralized to cater several wells

Availability of water is a critical issue in the development of shale gas


Typical FLOW-BACK water data

FLOW-BACK water brings:

• Chemicals injected in the

fracking phase

• Dissolved and suspended

solids released from rocks

• Oils and hydrocarbons

released from the

formation, often soluble

and volatile

Water must be treated before

storage/re-use

Gregory, Vidic, Dzombak, Water management challenges associated with the production of Shale Gas by

Hydraulic Fracturing. Elements. Vol 7, June 2011.


FLOW-BACK water data vs time

D. McElrath. Comparison of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids Composition with Produced Formation water

following fracturing. Chesapeake Energy. 2011


FLOW-BACK water data vs time

C. Hunter Nolen,, Water Management in Unconventional Natural Gas Exploration & Production, CDM, May

2011 after Siemens AG, 2009


Produced Water: conventional vs shale

Table from Stark, Allingham, Calder et al. Water and Shale Gas Development. Accenture. 2012

Produced water destination

Table from D. Alleman. Considerations for treating water associated with shale gas development –ALL

Consulting 2010


Produced Water treatment scheme

produced

water

frac flowback

produced

water

treatment

flowback

water

treatment

frac

fluid

make up

water

(river, well)

dischargeor

beneficialreuse


Produced Water Treatment scheme

solidparticles,

heavymetals

removal

oil, hydro-

carbonsremoval

divalent ions

removal

Salinityreduction

dischargeor

beneficialreuse

Recyclefrac

water

Producedwater

Coarse filtration, desanding

hydrocyclones, flocculation

settling

CPIs,

Hydrocyclones,

adsorption

Reverse osmosis,

evaporation, crystallisation

Ion exchange

softening


Produced Water Treatment

Produced Water Treatment Features:

• Compactness

• Flexibility – high turndown

• Portability (on-site treatment)

• Multipurpose

• Multi technologies

• Reliability


ARTES’ relevant experience

INDONESIA – Injection water treatment

Effluent treatment plant with chemical conditioning, filtration and vacuum degassing

Treated water used as injection water.

220 m3/h capacity

… and also in the DOWNSTREAM !!!

HOUSTON, TexasDemineralisation plant feeding the Ethylene Cracker.

Technologies. UF + RO + EDI. 200 m3/h capacity

ABU DHABI, UAE – Produced Water TreatmentTechnologies: deoiling hydrocyclones, degassers, fine filtration.

331 m3/h capacity.

Thank You !

ARTES Ingegneria’s main features:


Our best thanks to Alessandra Leni, Giulia Sporchia, Margherita Buscemi

• Engineering and construction company

• Specialised in WT & WWT in the Oil & Gas sector

• Manufacturing of vessels & skids in a 40,000 m2

factory in Salerno, Italy

• Part of the Cannon Group, presence in 40+

countries

• Experience with the major National & International

Oil Companies

ShaleGas Revolution: opportunità e sfide per l’industria ...

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