Retales Masoneria Numero 24 - Marzo 2013(PDF)

7/29/2019 Retales Masoneria Numero 24 - Marzo 2013(PDF)

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]D[JBD_ KD CJ_ILD]ÃJJÚI ? # L×CD]I =; # Cjrzi kd =5:?

Db oiltdlnki kd bis jrtãoubis li rddgj ldodsjrnjcdltd db pulti kd vnstj kdb dqun#pi kd ‒]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj– snli ÷lnoj y dxobusnvjcdltd db kd bis jutirds kd

knoais jrtãoubis,

_d knstrnmuyd dxobusnvjcdltd dl hircjti dbdotrÿlnoi, _n ustdk kdsdj pumbnojr jb`i dl bj rdvnstj" oiltjotd oil db oiirknljkir j trjvîs kdb d#cjnb qud sd ihrdodj oiltnlujonÿl, _n kdsdj kdgjr kd rdonmnrbj oiculãqudbi tjcmnîl jb oiirknljkir

kdb priydoti,

d#cjnb kdb Oiirknljkir7 rdtjbdskdcjsildrnjE`cjnb,oic

Oiirknljkir7 Cjrni Bÿpdz C,°,C,°, # ]dljoncndlti l· 4;

Uirtjkj7 Cjludb _iuti C,°,C,°, # ]dljoncndlti l· 4;

Cjqudtjonÿl7 @jl`bdrn !_ncm,. C,°,C,°, # ]dljoncndlti l· 4;

Oibjmirjkir Wilj _ur kd Dspjúj7 Nmdjlyn Cirj C,°,C,°, # Cirnê l· :;?

Oibjmirjkir7 Jrcjlki @ujsoa C,°,C,°, # @rjl Bi`nj kd Oumj

Oibjmirjkir7 X,°, A,°, Jqunbnli ], Bdjb °, ‟ !Bi`nj _tjlnsbjs kd @ujntj :84.

# ]G # Mrjsnb

Db oiltdlnki sd dloudltrj mjgi bnodlonj Ordjtnvd Oiccils OO M^#LO#LK ?,5attp7))ordjtnvdoiccils,ir`)bnodlsds)my#lo#lk)?,5)kddk,ds



ZZ,•,AA,•, tikis" j ojkj uli dl su `rjki y oilknonÿl7

Oici yj sjmdl tikis ustdkds sicis cês ulj rdvnstj kd rdoipnbjonÿl qud itrj oisj, _nmndl lis prdioupjcis kd ordjr sdoonilds kd bjs oujbds lis tdldcis qud ioupjr oici bj kdOjrtjs jb @rjl Cjdstri i bj dltrdvnstjs j Bi`njs" jlulonis kd bdvjltjcndltis" dto,6 li ds cdlis

ondrti qud snl bj oibjmirjonÿl kd adrcjlis kd cuy knvdrsis bu`jrds qud lis jutirnzjl j pumbnojr sus trjmjgis !yj irn`nljbds i prdvnj trjkuoonÿl. dstj rdvnstj li sdrãj bi qud ds,

Dl dstd l÷cdri ajy jrtãoubis kd jutirds qud ajstj jairj li ajmãjl jpjrdonki dl luds#trj rdvnstj, Aîotir Irtd`j" Fdcldmn Mjrutn Tsnr" Gisî Bipds y Jqunbnli ], Bdjb" sil tikis adrcjliscjsilds" yj sdj dl jotnvi i dl sudúis y su pbucj tioj tdcjs cuy nltdrdsjltds qud" j mudlsdùri" kdspdrtjrê db nltdrîs dl ustdkds,

Bis tdcjs trjtjkis li pudkdl sdr cês knspjrds puds sn uli knsdrtj simrd bj rdbjonÿl cjsi#ldrãj#tdcpbjrnis" itri bi ajod simrd bj Irkdl cjsÿlnoj kd Jtadbstjl"y db tdrodri simrd db hilkicjsÿlnoi y cãstnoi kdb obêsnoi kd Oibbikn7 Unlioai y db ÷btnci nlnonj ulj sdrnd simrd bj Cjtdcêtn#

oj y bj Cjsildrãj,Zud knshrutdl kd bj rdvnstj y lis bddcis db cds qud vndld,

Tl [,•,J,•,H,•,

;1?;

;>

Cjsildrãj y [dcpbjrnsci

Bj Irkdl kd Jtadbstjl

Knooniljrni Cjsÿlnoi

Urdùltjs kd Cjsildrãj

Hitis y Kioucdltis Jltnùis

ãlknod

Dkntirnjb

4?

_ncmibnsci ioubti dl Unlioai

;:

4=4:

J`rjkdoncndltis

Bnmris7 Bnmri kd dstnbi cjsÿlnoi,

4;_d ihrdod pumbnonkjk `rjtuntj

;=Cjtdcêtnoj dl bj Cjsildrãj # Db l· =7 Bj knsoirknj,

;4Bj utnbnkjk kdb sncmibnsci cjsÿlnoi

;1Litnonjs7 Cjsildrãj d Nltd`rjonÿl dl bj _iondkjk Jotujb,



; ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

¹Zuî tjl ondrti ds qud bj Cjsildrãj dsadrdkdrj kd bis [dcpbjrnis9 ¹Uir quî dsj nlsns#tdlonj jbrdkdkir kd ulj anstirnj" sn li nlhulkj#kj" sã cjb dstuknjkj jodroj kd qud lisitris" bis

cjsilds" kdsodlkdcis kdb [dcpbjrnsci9 Kds#kd ludstri nl`rdsi j bj Irkdl Hrjlocjsÿlnojadcis dsouoajki bj anpÿtdsns ‟pirqud j÷l lisd aj kdcistrjki# qud rdzj qud ludstrj nlstntu#onÿl priodkd kd bj Irkdl kd bis Uimrds Ojmj#bbdris kd Ornsti y db [dcpbi kd _jbicÿl, Anpÿtdsnsqud" prnlonpjbcdltd" sd mjsj dl tdirãjs oilspn#rjlinojs y pioi dstuknjkjs simrd db tdcj kdbis Ojmjbbdris [dcpbjrnis, Nltdltjrî prdsdltjr ul mrdvd dsmizi jodroj kd bj supudstj rdbjonÿldltrd bj Cjsildrãj y bis [dcpbjrnis" kjki qud

db tdcj ds tjl dxtdlsi qud ul pjr kd oujrtnbbjsrdsubtj nlsuondltd,

Uimrds Ojmjbbdris kd Ornsti y db [dcpbikd Gdrusjbîl hud hulkjkj dl :::1 pir Au`ds kdUjyldsV:S y itris 1 ojmjbbdris hrjlodsds trjs bjUrncdrj Oruzjkj, _u imgdtnvi nlnonjb drj pritd`dr

db trêlsnti kd bis pdrd`rnlis qud vnjgjmjl j Gd#rusjbîl !dl ulj îpioj tdrrnmbdcdltd nlsdùrj7bj Dkjk Cdknj., Urdonsjcdltd" sd bds oicdlzÿj oiliodr oici ‒[dcpbjrnis– puds su sdkd drj

db jltnùi tdcpbi kd _jbicÿl" yj kdstrunki dl#tilods V=S,

Kurjltd bis snùndltds =55 júis" bis [dc#pbjrnis ordondril dl pipubjrnkjk y l÷cdri, _doiltjril dltrd bis oicmjtndltds kd bj ornstnjl#kjk cdgir dltrdljkis, Bis li oicmjtndltds bi#`rjril `dstniljr ulj oicpbdgj dstruoturj doi#lÿcnoj j bi bjrì kdb culki ornstnjli" ordjlkiludvjs tîolnojs ljlondrjs qud oilstntuydlulj hircj prncntnvj kdb cikdrli mjloi y dkn#

ojlki ulj sdrnd kd hirtnojonilds pir tiki dbCdkntdrrêldi y [ndrrj _jltj,

_us dstrdoais vãloubis oil bis pikdrdscdkndvjbds !Ujpjki y Ciljrquãjs. bbdvjril jbis [dcpbjrnis j sdr vnstis oil kdsoiljlzj, Oi#cdlzjril j dltrdtdgdrsd bdydlkjs ld`rjs jodr #oj kd sus odrdcilnjs kd nlnonjonÿl" bj jkirj#onÿl kd ul ãkibi bbjcjki Mjhicdt" jousjonildskd sikicãj y aicisdxujbnkjk" db kdsprdoni jbj Cjgdstjk kd Ornsti y bj supudstj prêotnoj kd

cnsjs ld`rjs…, [iki dbbi bbdvÿ j qud dl :?50 dbUjpj Obdcdltd X dl oiltumdrlni oil db dlkdu#kjki ciljroj hrjloîs" Hdbnpd NX" irkdljrj bjkdtdlonÿl kd lucdrisis ojmjbbdris kdb [dcpbd"db vndrlds :? kd iotumrd, Uir supudsti qud tikisd trjtÿ" nlkukjmbdcdltd" kd citnvjonilds pibã #tnojs y doilÿcnojs" cês qud rdbn`nisjs" oici sdaj adoai orddr kdskd ajod 055 júis,

[rjs bj pdrsdouonÿl" dspdonjbcdltd dlHrjlonj" ljbcdltd" dl :?:; hud qudcjki dl bjaiùdrj db ÷btnci Cjdstrd" Gjoquds kd CibjyV?S , Bjs pisdsnilds kd bis [dcpbjrnis qud li pj#sjril j pikdr knrdoti kdb Xjtnojli" sd rdpjrtnd#



Uir db Z,°, A,°, Aîotir D, Irtd`j Ojstnbbi

],°, Bi`,°, Gjli" Irnzjmj" Xdrjoruz # Cdxnoi



4]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

ril dltrd itrjs ÿrkdlds cnbntjrds#rdbn`nisjs" oicibis Ojmjbbdris [dutilds" bj Irkdl kd Cjbtj" dto,

Cndltrjs tiki dsti iourrãj" bis cjsildsipdrjtnvis" sdùãjl oilstruydlki ojtdkrjbds"

mjsãbnojs" ojpnbbjs" tdcpbis y drcntjs j bi bjrì yjloai kd Duripj, Uir supudsti qud bj Cjsild#rãj Ipdrjtnvj drj ojtÿbnoj ‟tiki Duripj bi drj"y li ajmãj bu`jr pjrj itris oubtis dl ulj îpiojjmsibutjcdltd nltibdrjltd‛y ds sdùri qud biscjsilds dknojrjl oilstruoonilds dlojr`j#kjs" pj`jkjs i nlobusi" knsdújkjs pir [dcpbj#rnis, Ds primjmbd qud cjsilds y tdcpbjrnis sdoiliondrjl y trjmjgjrjl aicmri oil aicmri,@dldrjbcdltd" bis sjodrkitds dlojr`jkis kdvdbjr pir bjs dknojonilds drjl hrjnbds mdldkno#tnlis" kd kilkd adrdkjrãjcis db tîrcnli ‒Xdld#

rjmbd– Cjdstri,

Li sd kdmd pdrkdr kd vnstj qud bis [dc#pbjrnis imdkdoãjl kd cjldrj knrdotj jb Ujpj,Dl dhdoti" dl bjs mubjs Icld kjtuc iptncuc!::?>." Cnbntds [dcpbn !::;;. y Cnbntnj Kdn !::;4."sd kjmj j bis Ojmjbbdris [dcpbjrnis ulj juti#licãj hircjb y rdjb rdspdoti j bis Imnspis" kd# gêlkibis sugdtis tjl sÿbi j bj jutirnkjk pjpjb6sd bds dxobuãj kd bj gurnsknoonÿl onvnb y dobdsnêstn#oj6 sd bds pdrcntãj tdldr sus pripnis ojpdbbjlds

y sjodrkitds" pdrtdldondltds j bj Irkdl6 sd bdspdrcntãj rdojukjr mndlds y knldri kd vjrnjkjshircjs !pir dgdcpbi" tdlãjl kdrdoai kd ÿmibi ‛dsti ds" bjs bncisljs qud sd dltrd`jmjl dl ti#kjs bjs N`bdsnjs‛ ulj vdz jb júi., Jkdcês" dstjsmubjs pjpjbds bds kjmjl kdrdoai simrd bjs oil#qunstjs dl [ndrrj _jltj" y bds oilodkãj jtrnmuoni#lds pjrj oilstrunr hirtjbdzjs d n`bdsnjs pripnjs" biqud bds kni `rjl nlkdpdlkdlonj y pikdr,

[rjs bj ojãkj kdb [dcpbd" nllucdrjmbds

kioucdltis hudril kdstrunkis !u ioubtjkis pir db Xjtnojli., Bj anstirnj" kurjltd bis snùndltds;55 júis" sd trjlshircÿ dl bdydlkj, Db licmrdkd bis [dcpbjrnis drj" cuoajs vdods" snbdlonjki,_d bds oilsnkdrjmj oici ul ajti kd mbjshdcis"pdrvdrtnkis" qud sd ajmãjl jbdgjki kd bj kn`ln#kjk kd bj ojmjbbdrãj, Bj anstirnj" rdntdri" sd vib#vnÿ bdydlkj,

Hud dl :0:0 oujlki" sjmdcis" bj Cjsi#ldrãj Ipdrjtnvj sd trjlshircÿ dl Dspdoubjtnvj,

Dstd hud ul bjrì priodsi qud dcpdzÿ ajonj:445 oujlki bis cjsilds ipdrjtnvis oicdlzj#ril j ‒jodptjr– dl db sdli kd sus [jbbdrds j dbd#

cdltis jgdlis jb ioni kd bj oilstruoonÿl !kdjaã bi kd ‒jodptjkis–., Dltrd dstis dbdcdltiskd ludvi ouúi" pububjmjl jbquncnstjs" risjoru#ods" bÿsihis" adrcdtnstjs y dsitdrnstjs qud dl#oiltrjril dl bj Cjsildrãj db sntni nkÿldi kilkd

bbdvjr sus oilioncndltis snl sdr pdrsdùnkis, Uudstjcmnîl rdoirkdcis qud bis cjsilds trjmjgj#mjl pjrj bj N`bdsnj, Kd adoai" ajmãjl bi`rjkisdr dxobunkis kd pj`jr db kndzci dl vnrtuk j qudsu ioni drj utnbnzjki dl mndl kd bj ornstnjlkjk,Uir dbbi" tjcmnîl sd bbjcjril ‒hrjlo#cjsilds– icjsilds bnmrds… kd pj`jr db kndzci,

Tmnquîcilis tjcmnîl dl db oiltdxti kd:0:0, _il bis prncdris júis kd bj Nbustrjonÿl,Civncndlti qud tuvi oici ljbnkjk db knsnpjr bjs tnlndmbjs kd bj aucjlnkjk pir cdkni kd bjrjzÿl y oicmjtnr db hjljtnsci" bj n`lirjlonj"bj supdrstnonÿl y bj tnrjlãj, Bj Cjsildrãj nl`bd#sj y" prnlonpjbcdltd bj hrjlodsj" sd oilvnrtndrilrêpnkjcdltd dl db sntni nkÿldi pjrj bj pbjln#ojonÿl kd ul culki cdgir, Bjs bi`njs kndoni#oadsojs hudril ojbki kd oubtnvi pjrj bjs nkdjsrdvibuoniljrnjs qud kdsdcmiojrãjl dl bj Nlkd#pdlkdlonj kd Dstjkis Tlnkis !:008. y bj ]dvi#




8 ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj


buonÿl Hrjlodsj !:01>. !Bi qud LI qundrd kdonr qud bj Cjsildrãj ‟oici nlstntuonÿl# ajyj snkibj nlstn`jkirj kd dstis civncndltis" julqud sã cuoais kd sus cndcmris.,

Ds bÿ`noi supildr qud dltrd dstis pdlsj#kirds aumndrj Adrcjlis oil pisnonilds rjknoj#bds y qud iknjmjl j bj N`bdsnj Ojtÿbnoj, Îstj" ku#rjltd cnb júis" ajmãj kimbd`jki bj vibultjk kdbis duripdis" prnlonpjbcdltd dl db ojcpi kd bjsnkdjs, Db Ujpjki sd ajmãj trjlshircjki dl ullnki kd oirruponÿl" dl ul odltri kd dspniljgdy dl db jbtjr kd bj nltibdrjlonj, Bj rdjoonÿl hudnùjb y ipudstj, _d knspjrjril bis obumds sjtjlns#tjs y bis odltris kd pdlsjcndlti jltnobdrnojb, ^quî cdgir mjlkdrj pjrj jtjojr j bj N`bdsnj qudbis Ojmjbbdris [dcpbjrnis,

Julqud sd ojrdoãj kd kioucdltis qudkdcistrjrjl bj oubpjmnbnkjk kd bj N`bdsnj Oj#tÿbnoj dl db priodsi kd bis [dcpbjrnis" julqudpububjmj bj bdydlkj pir dloncj kd bj rdjbnkjkanstÿrnoj" julqud li sd pikãj kdcistrjr bj oub#pjmnbnkjk ln bj nliodlonj kd bis Ojmjbbdris kdb[dcpbd" db cicdlti hud nkÿldi, Bj Cjsildrãj"irn`nljbcdltd oil trds `rjkis !Jprdlknz ‟ Oic#pjúdri ‟ Cjdstri." oicdlzÿ ul priodsi kdordjr bis `rjkis trjs#bi`nj , ^ li kdsjprivdoaÿ

bj ipirtulnkjk kd nltrikuonr db dbdcdlti tdc#pbjrni kdltri kd dstis `rjkis supdrnirds, Uioij pioi" hudril ordêlkisd bis ]ntis" y dstis nltri#kugdril bis @rjkis [dcpbjrnis, Li cd ds kjmbdcdloniljrbis" pdri mêstdlis cdloniljr qud dbdbdcdlti tdcpbjrni pudkd biojbnzjrsd dl jbù#lis kd bis @rjkis kd [rjs Bi`nj V;S kd bis ]ntis[dcpbjrni" Dsoioîs Jltnùi y Jodptjki" îrf y_udoi,

Nlobusi bj Bdydlkj oilionkj kdb [drodr

@rjki hud rdnltdrprdtjkj j hjvir kdb [dcpbj#rnsci" ciknoêlkisd bis pdrsiljgds i trjlshir #cêlkibis dl Gjoquds kd Cibjy" y sus trds jsdsn#lis Obdcdltd X Ujpj" Hdbnpd NX ]dy kd Hrjlonjy @unbbjucd kd Li`jrdt ‟Gudz nlqunsnkir kd bis[dcpbjrnis#,

Oilobuyi7

Db [dcpbjrnsci ornstnjli y ojtÿbnoi kd irn`dl" snmndl oilionÿ y tuvi trjti oil bis jltnùis Cj# silds Ipdrjtnvis" ds cês mndl ulj nltrikuoonÿl

tjrkãj dl bj jotujb Cjsildrãj Dspdoubjtnvj" qud"kdsjjltd jltd db pikdr kd bj N`bdsnj Ojtÿbnoj"ncpbjltÿ su prêotnoj dl bis knhdrdltds snstdcjskd `rjkis, Db [dcpbjrnsci hud oirtjki kd tjgipir citnvis knvdrsis6 dl ojcmni" bj Hrjlocjsi#

ldrãj dvibuonilÿ y oilbbdvÿ j bj dvibuonÿl kdbpdlsjcndlti duripdi, Bis [dcpbjrnis ajl snki"j gunoni pripni" cês ul dbdcdlti kd nlspnrjonÿlqud ul jltdodkdltd knrdoti kd bj Cjsildrãjcikdrlj,

LI[J_

:,# Litj kdb Oiirknljkir7 Auì kd Ujyls !jprix,:505 ‟ ::?8. hud db prncdr cjdstrd y hulkjkir kd bj Irkdl kdb [dcpbd gulti oil itris ojmj#bbdris" sndlki ludvd dl titjb, _d jrcj qud bisitris ojmjbbdris drjl @ikihrdki kd _jnlt#Icdr"Ujydl kd Ciltknkndr" Jroajcmjuki kd _jnltJ`ljl" Jlkrîs kd Ciltmjrk !tãi pir pjrtd kdcjkrd kd _jl Mdrljrki kd Objrjvjb." @ikihrd#ki Mnsil" y itris kis kd bis qud sÿbi sd oiliodsu licmrd" ]ibjlki y @ilkjcdri, _d kdsoi#liod db licmrd kdb livdli ojmjbbdri" julqudajy qundl pndlsj qud puki sdr Auì" Oilkd kdOajcpj`ld,

=,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir, Db jutir ajod rdhdrdl#onj jb tdcpbi kdstrunki pir [nti ajonj db júi 05kd ludstrj drj, Dsd tdcpbi yj li drj db irn`nljbkd _jbicÿl snli bj rdoilstruoonÿl bbdvjmj jojmi pir Wirimjmdb trjs bj kdstruoonÿl kdb prn#cdri pir Ljmuoilisir dl db 410 jO

?,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 Gjoquds Mdrljrk kdCibjy !dltrd :=;5 y :=;;" :1 kd cjrzi kd :?:;.,

Limbd hrjloi y ÷btnci @rjl Cjdstrd kd bj Irkdlkdb [dcpbd,

;,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 J cn dltdlkdr sd rdd#rd db jutir j bis `rjkis bisÿois i oibjtdrjbds

Uumbnojki nlnonjbcdltd dl db mbi` Db ojcnli kdbj cjsildrãj db :> ‟ Liv # =5:=





Mrdvd rdsdúj simrd db jutir

J ciki kd sncpbd mni`rjhãj kd bj oujbsÿbi kdstjojcis bi cês bbjcjtnvi pikdcis kd#

onr qud Adotir Irtd`j ljonÿ db =: J`isti :>0="Irnzjmj" Dstjki kd Xdrjoruz" Cîxnoi, Jutir kdbBnmri ‒Bj Cjsildrãj dl Irnzjmj, Dlsjyi Anstÿrn#oi– dl =558" pumbnojki pir ulj dkntirj biojb,

Nlnonjki dl db Jgdsci !Jsionjonÿl kdGÿvdlds Dspdrjlzj kd bj Hrjtdrlnkjk. dl db [j#bbdr ‒Bdiljrki Kj Xnlon– Li, == kd Irnzjmj" db0 kd j`isti kd :>>?, Jotnvi ajstj hdmrdri kd:>>8,

Ds nlnonjki dl bj cjsildrãj dl bj ]B_ ‒Ubu#vnus– l· 8= !Irnzjmj. db :? kd hdmrdri kd :>>8pdrcjldondlki dl dbbj ajstj db =55>" kilkd dsjsodlknki j oicpjúdri db ?5 kd cjyi kd =555y dxjbtjki j cjdstri db :? kd Cjrzi kd =55:, Dbjúi =55; ioupjrãj db trili kd _jbicÿl dl suBi`nj cjkrd,

[rjs nlnonjr su ojcnli dl db bisisci kdb]DJJ db ?: kd cjrzi kd =558 dl bj Bi`nj Oj#pntubjr kd Udrhdoonÿl ‒Angis kd _jbicÿl– Luc,=51 kd bis Xjbbds kd Oÿrkimj" Xdrjoruz, Istdltjkdskd db := kd cjyi kd =550 db `rjki kd @rjlDbd`nki" pdrhdoti y _umbncd cjsÿl" itir`jki

dl bj cnscj bi`nj ojpntubjr,

Dl db oursi =5:5#=5:: hud cndcmri hulkjkir yUrncdr Xdldrjmbd Cjdstri kd bj ]dspdtjmbd Bi#`nj _ncmÿbnoj ‒Gjli–" Mjgi bj Mÿvdkj Odbdstd"

kd Irnzjmj" trjmjgjlki dl db ]nti Hrjloîs Ci#kdrli,

Jsncnsci aj pjrtnonpjki oici pildltd dl kn#vdrsis oil`rdsis cjsÿlnois kdskd db júi =55:

DLBJOD_

Db ojcnli kd bj cjsildrãj7attp7))dbojcnlikdbjcjsildrnj,mbi`spit,oic,ds

_uprdci Oilsdgi kd Cîxnoi7attp7))www,socdxnoi,ir`,cx




Bj Irkdl Cjsÿlnoj kd Jtadbstjl

Bj Irkdl Cjsÿlnoj kd Jtadbstjl i

[ad Cjsilno Irkdr ih JtadbstjlUir X,°, A,°,Fdcldmn Mjrutn Tsnr ‟ UXL Bi`nj Jzjúj# Flnàt [dcpbjr Urndsts" @BTN

Oilhdrdlonj simrd Anstirnj kd bj Cjsildrãj V:S

Jb dstuknjr bis irã`dlds kd bj anstirnj kdbj cjsildrãj" pikrãjcis rdjbnzjr kis tnpis kd

jprixncjonilds, Tlj qud kdlnrãjcis oiciJutirnzjkj i Gustnojmbd" dl bj qud bj tdirãj dx#prdsjkj sd oilstruyd jbrdkdkir kd adoais vdrn#ojmbds y kioucdltjonÿl anstÿrnoj kdcistrjmbdy itrj Anpitîtnoj i Uisnmbd dl bj qud sd umnoj jbj hrjlocjsildrãj dl db oiltdxti kd bj trjknonÿlkd bis cnstdrnis cdlirds y cjyirds" oirrdbjoni#ljlki dlsdújlzjs" jbdìrãjs y sncmibnsci kdbioni kdb cjdstri ojltdri oil bjs kd knstnltjstrjknonilds dsitîrnojs, Aiy sibi trjtjrdcis kdrdjbnzjr ul jlêbnsns anstÿrnoi dltirli j bj IrkdlCjsÿlnoj kd Jtadbstjl" prdtdlkndlki kjr buz rd#

hdrdltd j ulj jltnùj cês li kdsjpjrdonkj ir #kdl qud pisdd ulj rdbdvjltd ncpirtjlonj pjrjbj cjsildrãj jotujb oilionkj oici dspdou#bjtnvj y pjrtnoubjrcdltd kdltri kdb ]nti kd îrf bbjcjki pir jbùlis ]nti Jcdrnojli,

Uir dbbi rdjbnodcis ul vnjgd dl db tndcpidl sdltnki nlvdrsi" bj @rjl Bi`nj Tlnkj kd Nl#

`bjtdrrj @BTN, rdhdrdltd kd bj Cjsildrãj ]dù#bjrcdltd ]doilionkj" sd dstjmbdod pjrj suscndcmris bj oilknonÿl kd orddr dl ul _dr _uprd#ci y prdstjr gurjcdlti simrd db bnmri kd bj Bdy_j`rjkj, _d oilstntuyd db =; kd Gulni kd :0:0"oujlki oujtri bi`njs bilknldlsds sd rdulndrildl bj tjmdrlj @iisd jlk @rnknril" hircjlki bjqud kdlicnljril @rjl Bi`nj kd Bilkrds y Pds#tcnlstdr,

Kdmj sdújbjrsd qud dl sus nlnonis bj @BTNli dstuvi dxdltj kd knoubtjkds nltdrljs y kns#oirknjs" puds dxnstãjl kis `rupis cjsÿlnois7

Bis ‒Jltnùis– qud trjmjgjmjl kd joudr #ki oil bjs jltnùjs rd`bjs kjkjs j Dkwnl kdîrf !>5= ‟ >?? dv7,. pir su adrcjli db ]dyJtadbstjl !1>4 ‟ >?> dv7,. d angi kd Dkujrki dbXndgi" ds kdonr" bjs Oilstntuonilds kd ̂ irf dsorntjsdl db júi >=8 dv7, !Drj Xub`jrns. qud oilstjmjlkd :50 pê`nljs dl db cjlusornti irn`nljb kdstrun#ki" bj ÷lnoj oipnj dxnstdltd rdprikuonkj kd bjjltdrnir hud dloiltrjkj dsorntj dl nknicj Jbd#

cêl dl :1:5. y

Bis ‒Cikdrlis– qud ajmãjl nltrikuonkinllivjonilds j bis jltnùis bnlkdris6

Bjs rnvjbnkjkds sd cjltuvndril kurjltd8? júis ajstj db =0 kd knondcmrd kd :1:? dlqud bis kuquds kd _ussdx y kd Fdlt" jcmis angiskdb rdy Gir`d NNN" sd uldl irdondlki bj jotujb@rjl Bi`nj Tlnkj kd Nl`bjtdrrj,

]dsubtj ldodsjrni ulj mrdvd rdsdúj ans#tÿrnoj kd bj Nl`bjtdrrj jl`bisjgilj" kdskd db l



>]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj


kd bj Mrntjlnj ricjlj y db dstjmbdoncndlti kdbis rdnlis jl`bisjgilds ajstj bj oilqunstj lir #cjlkj dl :5886 oilionkj jrqudibÿ`nojcdltdoici bj Mrntjlnj Uisricjlj y pipubjrcdltdoici bj Dkjk Isourj !ajmntjkj pir bis Odbtjs"oibilnzjkj pir bis ]icjlis" nlvjknkj pir bjs trn#mus @drcjljs Jl`bis" _jgilds y Gustis qundldsdxpubsjril j bis odbtjs pjronjbcdltd ricjlnzj#kis ajonj Dsoionj" Oirlujbbds y bj Mrdtjúj Hrjl#odsj, Îpioj kd `rjlkds bdydlkjs d anstirnjsqud li ajl sjbnki j bj buz,

Kdskd db sn`bi NNN" bj Nl`bjtdrrj ricjlj vd#lãj suhrndlki sdrnjs nloursnilds kd bis sjgilds" jljbds kdb sn`bi NX bj cjyir pjrtd kd bjs bd`nildsajmãjl pjrtnki pjrj kdhdlkdr ]icj kd bis jtj#quds kd Xêlkjbis y Mirìúdsds sus bjs dstjmjlhircjkjs dl `rjl pripironÿl pir sibkjkis odb#tjs, Jltd bj pri`rdsnvj hjbtj kd pritdoonÿl dlqud sd nmj dloiltrjlki Mrntjlnj" j prnlonpnis kdbsn`bi X hud nlvjknkj pir bis Unotnis y Dsoitis kdblirtd bis Mrdtilds !`rupi îtlnoi kd irn`dl odbti#

mrntêlnoi" qud sd jsdltÿ kurjltd bis sn`bis X y XNdl db liridstd kd bj Udlãlsubj Nmîrnoj. pnkndriljuxnbni j bis sjgilds kdb Oiltnldltd" qud ulj vdzrdpdbndril bj j`rdsnÿl y jltd bj kdmnbnkjk dxns#tdltd dl bjs kdhdlsjs nltdrljs oilvnrtndril dbjuxnbni dl ulj nlvjsnÿl dl tikj rd`bj j bj qudsd ulndril bis Jl`bis !pudmbis `drcêlnois pri#odkdltds kd bj Duripj _dptdltrniljb. y bis Gutis!_oabdswn` cdrnkniljb" jotujb Knljcjroj.,

Bis _jgilds" priodkdltds kd bj rd`nÿl

qud sd dxtndlkd dltrd db Dbmj y db ]nl sd dstjmbd#ondril dl bj pjrtd cdrnkniljb kdb [êcdsns" dl biqud sdrãjl cês tjrkd bis rdnlis kd Pdssdx !Ids#

td." Dssdx !Dstd. y _ussdx !_ur., Bis Jl`bis sd jsdl#tjril jb lirtd kd Dssdx !rdnli kd Djst Jl`bnj." dlbj rd`nÿl dltrd bis rãis Aucmdr y Hnrta ih Hirta !rdn#li kd Lirtaucmrnj. y tjcmnîl dl bj zilj odl#trjb jb dstd kd @jbds !rdnli kd Cdronj., Bis Gutis"cdlis lucdrisis sd nlstjbjril dl Fdlt y dl bjnsbj kd Pnàt !rdnli kd Fdlt., Dstis pudmbis drjlpibntdãstjs" ajmbjmjl bj cnscj bdlùj y usjmjlbjs cnscjs jrcjs6 dl db sn`bi XNN bis sndtd rdnliscdloniljkis sd ajmãjl oilsibnkjki `rjonjs jbjs hrdoudltds jbnjlzjs dltrd cndcmris kd bjs kns#

tnltjs hjcnbnjs qud ajmntjmjl ojkj rd`nÿl, Bisrdnlis sd knvnkãjl dl ‒sanrds– kd jaã db licmrdkd oilkjkis jotujbds oici îrfsanrd" Pnbsanrd"Ixhirsanrd" dto, qud oinlonkdl dl dxtdlsnÿl oilbis rdnlis kd dltilods, Db ‒sanrd– sd oicpilãjkd ‒aulkrdks– i `rupis kd ondl hjcnbnjs j ouyihrdltd dstjmj ul ‒sadrnhh– i rdprdsdltjltd kdbrdy6 bis ‒aulkrdks– j su vdz sd kdsoicpilãjldl ‒tuls– !tiwls. i jbkdjs,

Jtadbstjl hud db prncdr rdy nl`bîs kd hjoti

V=S ,Db ]dy Jtadbstjl bbjcjki db @birnisi" ljonkidl db 1>4 dl Pdssdx ‟ Nl`bjtdrrj" angi kd Dkujrkidb Xndgi y D`wnlj" adrcjli kd Dkwy ‒Db Adrci#si–" lndti kd Jbhrdki db @rjlkd" oiriljki db ;kd sdptndcmrd kd >=;" su rdnljki sd dxtdlknÿkdskd db >=; jb >?>" prncdr rdy kd Nl`bjtdrrj uln#ojkj j pjrtnr kdb >=0" su prdkdodsir Dtadbwdjrk"su suodsir Dkculki N" hjbbdod dl @biuodstdr db=0 kd iotumrd kd >?> ds dltdrrjki dl bj Jmjkãjkd Cjbcdsmury, _u vnotirnj cês `rjlkd oicicnbntjr hud bj mjtjbbj kd Mruljlmura" dl db itiúi

kd >?0" hud db prncdri qud bbdvÿ db tãtubi kd rdykd Nl`bjtdrrj rdnljlki simrd Jl`bis y _jgilds"bis @jbîsds y Dsoiodsds bd rdoiliondril oici



:5 ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

simdrjli, Imtndld db tãtubi kd ‒Ncpdrjtir [itus

Mrntjllnjd– !Dcpdrjkir kd tikj Mrntjlnj., Ku#rjltd db rdnljki kd Jtadbstjl sd ordjril c÷btn#pbds oÿknìs bd`nsbjtnvis" ordÿ jbnjlzjs j trjvîskd bis cjtrncilnis kd sus cdknjs adrcjljs oilojsjs rdjbds kd Duripj" sd dlojr`ÿ kd hircjr oici j ul angi j Ajjfil db Mudli" cês tjrkdrdy kd Lirud`j,

Bis prãlonpds odbtjs kd @jbds rnlkndrilaicdljgd jb ]dy Jtadbstjl dl Mjcmurà dl bjprncdrj pjrtd kd su rdnljki" gulti oil Aywdb rdy

kd Oirlujbbds" Oilstjltnli NN rdy kd bis dsoiod#sds y Iwdl kd @wdlt, Dstis gulti oil Jtadbstjlbi`rjril dxpubsjr j bis Oirlnsa kd Dxdtdr y dstj#mbdonÿ bj hriltdrj oil Oirlwjbb db rãi [jcjr, Mru#ljmura hud ulj kd bjs mjtjbbjs cês sjl`rndltjskd bj îpioj" onloi rdyds y sndtd oilkds nl`bdsdspdrkndril bj vnkj dl bj ojrlnodrãj" bis rdyds prn#cis Jbhrno" Jtadbwnl y ul pricnldltd imnspi kd_jgilnj tjcmnîl sd dloiltrjmjl dltrd bjs vãotn#cjs,

Oil bj ulnojonÿl kd Nl`bjtdrrj mjgi dbrdnljki kd Jtadbstjl" sd kitÿ kd ulj jkcnlns#trjonÿl dondltd j Mrdtjúj" knvnknîlkisd db pjãsdl ;5 oilkjkis i _anrds jb hrdltd kd ojkj uliajmãj ul Djbkircjl !aicmrd vndgi." bj jutirn#kjk odltrjb bj ioupjmj ul rdprdsdltjltd kdbrdy i ]ddvd !ionjb., Dl dstd pulti ajy ul js#pdoti kd dlircd rdbdvjlonj qud sd dltrilojoil bj cjsildrãj y db rdy kd Jtadbstjl" db Pntd#lj`dcit !privdlndltd kdb nl`bîs jltnùi y sn`#lnoj Jsjcmbdj kd Aicmrds _jmnis. tjcmnîlbbjcjki Pntjl !tãtubi kd sus cndcmris.6 tndld sus

irã`dlds dl bjs jsjcmbdjs `drcêlnojs ordjkjspjrj bjs oilodsnilds rdjbds kd tndrrjs" jltds kd

bj ulnojonÿl kd Nl`bjtdrrj dl db sn`bi NQ" vjrniskd sus cndcmris drjl oilviojkis pir bis rd#yds kd Dssdx" Fdlt" Cdronj" Lirtaucmrnj" _ussdxy Pdssdx, Nlobusi kdspuîs kd qud dstd ÷btncisd oilvnrtndsd dl db rdnli kicnljltd" bis wntjls

snùndril rdulnîlkisd ajstj :5846 db wntdlj`d#cit kdsjpjrdonÿ trjs bj oilqunstj lircjlkjkd Nl`bjtdrrj dl :588 sndlki rddcpbjzjki pir bj Ournj ]d`ns i Oirtd ]djb,

Cjsÿlnojcdltd ajmbjlki y sd`÷l bj]djb Jojkdcnj Dspjúibj" [rjknonÿl ds db oil# gulti kd mndlds oubturjbds qud ulj `dldrjonÿladrdkj kd bjs jltdrnirds y pir dstncjrbi vjbnisids trjlscntnki j bjs snùndltds, Ds oilsnkdrjkioici trjknoniljb bis vjbirds" orddlonjs" oistuc#mrds y hircjs kd dxprdsnÿl kd ul oibdotnvi i oi#

culnkjk dspdonjbcdltd j jquîbbis trjscntnkisirjbcdltd, Bj [rjknonÿl cjsÿlnoj" ds ulj kd bjsnkdjs qud sd oilonmd j sã cnscj oici trjknonÿlnltdbdotujb" dspnrntujb y îtnoj6 jrrjn`jkj dl bj dx#pdrndlonj oilstruotnvj, Dstj trjknonÿl cjsÿlnojds dl dhdoti ul sdltnki prihulki ulnvdrsjb,

Cuoais cjsilds jotujbds oujlki sd bdsknod7 …–Zudrnki adrcjli" bis irã`dlds kd luds#trj Irkdl sd pndrkdl dl bj lioad kd bis tndcpis"bbd`jlki ajstj D`npti y tjb vdz cês–… oilsnkd#

rjl snl hulkjcdlti dsj jrcjonÿl" pdri oujlbdgis kd bj dsdlonj sd dloudltrjl, Bj trjknonÿlkd bis cjdstris ojltdris dstê kdcistrjki qudli kjtj kd bj îpioj cdkndvjb" snli cês bdgis dldb tndcpi" prudmj kd dbbi sil bjs jotujbds dvn#kdlonjs7

_d`÷l db sdordtjrni `dldrjb kdb Oilsdgi _uprdci

kd Jltn`òdkjkds d`nponi !O_J." Wjan Ajwjs" ul dqunpi kd




::]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

jrqudÿbiìs d`nponis aj kdsoumndrti vjrnjs tucmjs kd trj#

mjgjkirds qud supudstjcdltd pjrtnonpjril dl bj oilstruo#

onÿl kd bj `rjl pnrêcnkd kd Fdips y qud jrrigjl ludvj buz

simrd bj vnkj kd dstis imrdris kd bj jltn`òdkjk,

Db irn`dl kd bjs tucmjs ajbbjkjs sd rdciltj jb ̀ i#mndrli kdb hjrjÿl Fdips !=,85> # =,41; j,O,." db sdùlki

hjrjÿl kd bj NX knljstãj, Jsncnsci" jbùlis dltdrrjcndltis

pdrtdldodl tjcmnîl j trjmjgjkirds qud pjrtnonpjril dl bj

drdoonÿl kd bj pnrêcnkd kd Ldhrîl" qud rdnlÿ kurjltd bis

júis =,408 y =,44: j,O,

Jsdùrj Ajwjs" qud oil dstd kdsoumrncndlti sd

kdspdgjl bjs kukjs simrd db irn`dl kd dstis trjmjgjkirds"

bis oujbds li drjl dsobjvis, ‒Dstjs tucmjs hudril oils#

trunkjs gulti j bj pnrêcnkd kdb rdy" bi qud nlknoj qud kd lnl#`÷l ciki dstj `dltd drj dsobjvj, _n aumndrjl snki dsobj#

vis li aumndrjl piknki oilstrunr sus tucmjs gulti j bj kd

su rdy–, _d`÷l db jrqudÿbiì" knoajs hjcnbnjs li pj`jmjl

ncpudstis snli qud pjrtnonpjmjl dl uli kd bis priydotis

ljoniljbds kdb pjãs,

Bj litj dxpbnoj qud bj cês ncpirtjltd ds bj tuc#

mj kd ul trjmjgjkir nkdltnojki oici Nku" qud tndld hircj

rdotjlùbjr y ulj oumndrtj dxtdrnir kd jkimd rdoumndrtj kd

ydsi, Jsncnsci" tndld vjrnis lnoais rdoumndrtis oil ojbnzj

mbjloj, Db supdrvnsir kd bjs dxojvjonilds" Jkdb Ifjsaj"

dxpbnoj qud bj pjrtd supdrnir kd bj tucmj kd Nku tndld hircj

jmivdkjkj" bi qud sncmibnzjrãj bj dtdrlj oibnlj dl bj qud

oicdlzÿ bj ordjonÿl" kd joudrki oil bj trjknonÿl rdbn`nisj

kd Cdls" ojpntjb kd D`npti,

Bj cjyirãj privdlãjl kd hjcnbnjs pimrds kdb lirtd

y kdb sur kd D`npti" sus dsqudbdtis tndldl sn`lis kd jrtrntns

y sus vîrtdmrjs mjgjs sdújbjl ulj vnkj bbdlj kd knoubtj#

kds, _d`÷l db oiculnojki" dstjs tucmjs hudril kdsoumndr#

tjs dl ul dxtrdci kd ulj ldorÿpibns kd ul fnbÿcdtri kdbil`ntuk" kdsoumndrtj dl :>>5,

Cjsilnojcdltd ajmbjlki" sn oitdgjcisdsjs litjs kd prdlsj oil bis adoais y kiou#cdltis cjsÿlnois jltnùis" oicprimjcis bjoiltnlunkjk kd bj imrj kd bis cjdstris ojltdrisnlnonjkj dl D`npti7

:, Bj oiltnlunkjk kdb ioni kdb cjdstriojltdri privdlndltd kd D`npti pjsjlki pir

]icj" vnjgjlki j trjvîs kd knhdrdltds onvnbnzj#onilds y pjãsds ajstj ludstris kãjs dsti qudkjobjrjcdltd dxpbnojki jb dvnkdlonjr qud trjs bj

ojãkj kdb Ncpdrni ricjli kd Ioonkdltd dl dbjúi ;08 y db Ncpdrni ricjli kd Irndltd i Nc#pdrni mnzjltnli dl db júi :;4? oil bj Ojãkj kdOilstjltnlipbj" qudkjl kis oirrndltds vnloubj#kjs oil bis sdordtis kd bj oilstruoonÿl7

• Tlj oil oistucmrds cdrnkniljbds y cd#kntdrrêldjs qud sd dstjmbdod dl bj Nsbj Oicj#onlj" rikdjkj pir db Bjì kd Oici" dl db cu#lnonpni kd Issuooni6 dl bj qud sur`d bj dsoudbjJrquntdotÿlnoj kd bis Cj`nstrn Oicjonln !`rdcnikd jbmjúnbds ntjbnjlis. ouyj audbbj sd dloudl#trj knhulknkj dl c÷btnpbds Ojtdkrjbds y Uudltdskêlkibd dstis j bj rd`nÿl kd Bicmjrknj dl Ntj#bnj ul dstnbi qud prdodknÿ jb ricêlnoi, _d ajodcdlonÿl kd cjdstris Oicjonln" dl db dknotikdb ]dy Bicmjrki ]itjrni pricub`jki db == kdlivndcmrd kd 8;?,

Dl db júi 4>1 db Imnspi Pnbhrdki kd îrf y db Jmjk kd Pjrciuta dlvnjril j musojr cjdstris ojltdris j Hrjlonj d Ntjbnj pjrj qudrdjbnzjrjl bjs oilstruoonilds dl Nl`bjtdrrj ‒sd#`÷l bj oistucmrd ricjlj– oil pndkrjs, Dstioilrcj bjs orÿlnojs ntjbnjljs bjs oujbds rdbjtjlqud db Ujpj @rdìrni dlvnÿ oil _jl Jùstãl jNl`bjtdrrj j cndcmris kd bis Bnmdrn Curjtirn6 j suvdz pdri dl db júi 85; Jùstãl dlvnÿ jb cilgdUndtri j ]icj oil ojrtj pjrj db Ujpj @rdì#

rni dl bj qud sibnontjmj bd dlvnjsdl cês jrqun#tdotis y jbmjúnbds oici bis Bnmdrn Curjtirn" trjsdstj orÿlnoj anstÿrnoj kdmd j`rd`jrsd qud dsiscjdstris ojltdris drjl bis Cjdstris Oicjonlisy dltrd dbbis ùrjmj uli licmrjki Ujubnli dboujb pisdãj db tãtubi kd Cj`ãstdr, _jmnki ds qudcuoais cilgds hircjril pjrtd dl bjs bi`njs j`rdcnis kd cjdstris ojltdris dgdcpbi kd dbbihud db ojsi kdb Imnspi _jl Auì kd Bnloiblqundl bbdì j priydotjr ulj n`bdsnj" dstj jrcj#onÿl ticj oici hulkjcdlti bi pbjltdjki pir

Cjdstrn Oicjonln vibucdl N ojpãtubi N" Fu`bdr kdJbdcjlnj" ]jcdd kd Hrjlonj y Knotniljry ih Jr #oantdoturd kd Zujtrdcjb kd Zunlod,

• Bj itrj oruzj pir bj zilj lirtd dloiltrjl#ki rdhu`ni dl bis ciljstdrnis mdldknotnlis dlbjs Nsbjs Mrntêlnojs dl Lirtaucmrnj dl db sn`bi XNNN"db cilgd _jl Mdkj !db pjkrd kd bis vdldrjmbdscjdstris. ljonki dl 80? k,o, y cudrd dl db 0?4sdùnkir kd bj rd`bj kd _jl Jùstãl" dsornmnÿ ‒Kd[dcpbi _jbicilns Bnmdr–6 hud pdrsiljgd anstÿrnoi

cdloniljki pir db jutir kdb cjlusornti Oiif dltrd sus hudltds mnmbni`rjojs, Cuoais trjlsorn#mndril su tdxti oici Jbounli kd îrf !0?4#15;."




:= ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

]jmjli Cjuri !008#148." Pjbjhrnk _trjmÿl !151#1;>. y itris jmjkds kdb civncndlti cilêstnoimdldknotnli V?S ,

Cuoais jutirds pbjltdjl qud db oilgul#

ti kd jbdìrãjs qud oicpildl db bdlùjgd cj#sÿlnoi" pisddl su pulti kd pjrtnkj dl dxprd#snilds kdb ciljstnonsci mdldknotnli i ojtÿbnoi,_jbvi jbùljs oirrndltds nkdjbnstjs" aiy ljkndlnd`j db dstukni ondltãoi kd bj anstirnj bn`jkjj ulj cdtikibi`ãj y j ul snstdcj pburnknsonpbn#ljrni kilkd sd ticjl dl oilsnkdrjonÿl vjrnjshudltds oici bjs dsorntjs" bj jrqudibi`ãj" bj trj#knonÿl irjb" bj bnl`òãstnoj" bj jltripibi`ãj" dltrditrjs,

Oil nlkdpdlkdlonj kd bjs knhdrdltds ipnlnilds"vdjcis bis kjtis snùndltds7

Kdspuîs kdb nlnoni kdb sn`bi NX" dl bis tndc#pis dl qud Oilstjltnli dcntnÿ su dknoti kd tibd#rjlonj jb ornstnjlnsci dl db ?:?" Jltilni ul knsoã #pubi kd Ujoicni" hulkÿ bj prncdrj oiculnkjkcilêstnoj dl db dstd kdb Cdkntdrrêldi, Bj nkdjkdb ciljstnonsci bbd`ÿ j Ioonkdltd odroj kdb?;5" oujlki Jtjljsni pjtrnjroj kd Jbdgjlkrãj"hud j Ntjbnj oici dxnbnjki kdskd su tndrrj ljtjb,Bj irkdl rdbn`nisj kd bis Mdldknotnlis hud hulkj#

kj dl db 4=>" _jl Mdkj db vdldrjmbd ds jkcntn#ki dl bj irkdl oil kndonludvd júis kd dkjkjprixncjkjcdltd dl db 8>=" sd bd rdoudrkjtjcmnîl oici anstirnjkir su `rjl imrj ‒AnstirnjDobdsnêstnoj @dltns Jl`biruc– !Anstirnj dobdsnês#tnoj kdb pudmbi nl`bîs." rdbjtj db ornstnjlnsci dlNl`bjtdrrj kdskd sus nlnonis ajstj bj îpioj kdMdkj,

Db rnÿ LT !db jùj prncirknjb" bj jltnùj bd#ydlkj d`nponj rdoudrkj db `rjl knbuvni oujlki

jsdùrj qud db ]dy Cdlds V;S tironÿ db oursi kdbrãi Lnbi pjrj dknojr dl bj ludvj irnbbj bj onukjkkd Cdls. tdstnìs kd bjs prncdrjs nlnonjonilds ybj knvnsnÿl kd bjs ojstjs oiculds j bis d`nponis"bj nlnonjonÿl d`nponj pisdd ulj rdputjonÿl qudaj rdoirrnki db culki kd bj jltn`òdkjk y dbculki cikdrli, Db cîtiki kd oiculnojonÿlpir sãcmibis hud bbdvjki j D`npti pir Cnsrjnc"sdùlki angi kd Oajc hulkjkir kd bj prncdrjknljstãj hjrjÿlnoj y dcpbdjki pjrj bj oilstruo#onÿl kd bjs pnrêcnkds, Fdips" bj `rjl pnrêcnkd

kd D`npti ds db dgdcpbi kd bj nltdrprdtjonÿl kdoilioncndltis `dicîtrnois dl db jrtd kd oils#trunr" kilkd sd dxprdsjl jbtis oilioncndltis js#

trilÿcnois dl bjs cdknkjs jrquntdotÿlnojs,

Li pikdcis ld`jr bj nludlonj ornstnjlji bj kd _jl Mdkj dl bjs jbdìrãjs cjsÿlnojs"pdri D`npti aj snki ul pjãs cuy vnloubjki j bj

Mnmbnj dstjs jbusnilds sd kjl dl db Jltnùi y tjc#mnîl dl db Ludvi [dstjcdlti julqud dl cdlir cdknkj, Kdcistrêlkisd oil dbbi" qud rdoili#odl oici pulti kd pjrtnkj kd sus orddlonjsy prêotnojs jb oilioncndlti d`nponi, Adoais07==# ^ hud dlsdújki Cinsîs dl tikj bj sjmnku#rãj kd bis d`nponis6 y drj pikdrisi dl sus pjbj#mrjs y imrjs,

Db oubtnvi kdb trnì rdqundrd pri`rjcjr bjsoisdoajs" sdbdooniljr bjs sdcnbbjs" bjmrjr bj tnd#rrj" pritd`dr bis oubtnvis y quntjr bjs cjbjs andr #mjs6 trjlscntndlki ul sdltnki cirjb j bj bjmir aucjlj y cjlnhdstêlkisd bis vjbirds dspnrntuj#bds kdb culki hãsnoi, Bis prnlonpjbds jbncdltisqud sd dloiltrjmjl dl bj cdsj kd bis d`np#onis drjl bis odrdjbds prnlonpjbcdltd db trnì ybj odmjkj, Db trnì ds sj`rjki dl knvdrsjs oub#turjs sncmibnzj hdbnonkjk y prispdrnkjk" su oibir kirjki `birnoj db trjmjgi aucjli" sncmibnzjdb rdljoncndlti6 dl bj oubturj d`nponj dstê vnl#oubjki oil bj supdrvnvdlonj kd bis cudrtis dldb cês jbbê y bis cnstdrnis kd Isnrns6 dl Dbdusns db

nlnonjki drj oicpjrjki oil ul `rjli kd trnìqud jb sdr sdcmrjki kdmãj cirnr oici sdcnbbjpjrj ljodr oici pbjltj" dcdr`ndlki kd bj tnd#rrj oil bis rjyis kdb sib,

_ncmÿbnojcdltd ajmbjlki kdskd tndc#pis rdcitis" bj pjgj kdb trnì sncmibnzj bj ulnÿldltrd bis pudmbis y su rupturj, _jl Jtjljsni !=>?#?0?. imnspi kd Jbdgjlkrãj hud jousjki pir Dusd#mni kd Lnoicdknj kd oilspnrjonÿl pir ncpdknr bj dxpirtjonÿl kd `rjli kd D`npti j Oilstjl#

tnlipbj" y kdstdrrjki pir Oilstjltnli !qundlhud mjutnzjki oici ornstnjli" sÿbi dl su bdoaikd cudrtd., Ojrbis NNN db _ncpbd rdy kd Hrjlonj!1>?‟>=?." odbdmri ulj rdulnÿl dl bis ojcpiskd Cjyi dl _inssils oil sus mjrilds qundlds bdcjlnhdstjril…Kdmnki j su nlojpjonkjk kd ̀ i#mdrljr adcis kdonknki kdgjr kd sdrbd bdjbds…"dl sdújb kd dsj kdonsnÿl jrrigjril j bis pnds kdbtrili pjgjs kd trnì pjrtnkjs" dstd joti cjlnhds#tÿ qud tikis bis pjotis dltrd îb y dbbis sd ajmãjlriti,

Gisî !îsdh." angi kd Gjoim y ]jqudb vdl#knki pir sus adrcjlis j cdrojkdrds qud vnjgj#




:?]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

mjl oil kdstnli j D`npti, Uir su oilioncndltibj ojsj D`nponj kd Uitnhjr bi oicprj" pir su nl#tdrprdtjonÿl rdhdrdltd j bjs Dspn`js kd [rnì dbhjrjÿl bd licmrj Wjhljt Ujldjg !kdsoumrnkir kd bi ioubti., @îldsns ;:74# _d kurcnÿ kd ludvi

db hjrjÿl" y siúÿ bj sdùlkj vdz7 Zud sndtd dspn#`js bbdljs y adrcisjs ordoãjl kd ulj sibj ojúj,;:78# y qud kdspuîs kd dbbjs sjbãjl itrjs sndtddspn`js cdlukjs y jmjtnkjs kdb vndlti sibjli,;:70# y bjs sndtd dspn`js cdlukjs kdvirjmjlj bjs sndtd dspn`js `rudsjs y bbdljs, ^ kdspdrtÿHjrjÿl" y ad jquã qud drj sudúi, ¹Bis cjsildsli sicis oici bjs dspn`js kd trnì" dspjronkjssimrd bj hjz kd bj tndrrj9 Xdrntjs bnmdrjmnt vis,

Jltd dstj rdjbnkjk" sibi pudki jbuknr j bjsnùndltd hrjsd7 ‒Db aicmrd tdcd jb tndcpi" pdridb tndcpi tdcd j bjs pnrêcnkds–,V4S

• Dl dstd pulti kdmd sdr knoai qud dl dbsn`bi QN !júis :55:#::55" jcmis nlobunkis. bisObulnjodlsds !irkdl rdbn`nisj kd Obuly" sur`nkjdl Hrjlonj dl db _, Q oici ul nltdlti kd rdhir #cjr bj irkdl mdldknotnlj y qud kdsjpjrdonÿ dldb _,QXNNN sndlki _jl Mdrlÿl db prncdr jmjk obu#lnjodlsd. rdkjotjl bis prncdris rd`bjcdltis yoilstntuonilds pjrj bis oilstruotirds kd n`bdsnjsy ojtdkrjbds" pdrcntndlki bj nloirpirjonÿl kd

Bjnois !prihjlis. j bis qud kdlicnljril ‒Adr #cjlis Oilvdrsis–, Dstd civncndlti jbojlzjsu cêxncj dxprdsnÿl oil bj jpjrnonÿl kdb jrtd`ÿtnoi y sus ojtdkrjbds" oici pulti cês jbtidl bj oilstruoonÿl kd tdcpbis ojpjods kd nrrj#knjr dspnrntujbnkjk j trjvîs kdb jrtd kd bj pndkrj"vnkrndrj" dto, Dstj oirrndltd qud bbd`j j bis ci#ljstdrnis mdldknotnlis y ds oiltnlujkj pir bisObulnjodlsds jbojlzj su cêxnci dxpildltdoil bj Irkdl Onstdrondlsd !_jodr Irki Onstdr #ondlsns." ouyi irn`dl sd rdciltj j bj hulkjonÿl

kd bj Jmjkãj kd Oãstdr pir ]imdrti kd Cibdstdsdl :5>1 kilkd sd irn`nlÿ bj jltnùj Onstdronucricjlj biojbnkjk prÿxncj j Kngil" Hrjlonj,

Dl db pdrniki jl`bisjgÿl tjrkãi !sn`bis Q y QN ajs#tj db :588. dspdoãojcdltd kdskd >=; ‟ >?> dldb qud rdnljsd Jtadbstjl" jcjltd kd bj `dicd#trãj d nbustrjonÿl sd rdjbnzjril knvdrsis cjlusorn#tis nbustrjkis bbjcjkis Anmdrlis#_jgilds" JrtdNlsubjr i _jbtdnri dltrd dbbis vdcis7

‒Db _jbtdrni kd Jtadbstjl–, Db rdy Jtadbstjloipnbi y dlojr`ÿ ulj `rjl ojltnkjk kd bnmris"dstd cjlusornti hud imtdlnki dl db Oiltnldltd y

‒cikdrlnzjki– kd joudrki oil db ùsti nl`bîs,

Uistdrnircdltd dstj Bntur`nj hud pripndkjk kd_nr ]imdrt Oittil dl :8?: qundl bd jújkd uljpirtjkj jb cjlusornti" hircjki kd dstjojs kdbMrdvnjrni kd Cjr`jrntj kd îrf kuqudsj kd Mir #ìúj, !Bilkrds" Mrntnsa Bnmrjry" C_ Oittil @jbmjTl QXNNN" h,=:r.

Dl iotumrd kd :0?: db _jbtdrni kd Jtadbs#tjl suhrnÿ kjúis" dl ul nlodlkni dl Jsamurlajcdl Pdstcnlstdr" gulti j itris cjlusorntis qudhudril kdstrunkis pir oicpbdti,!Bilkrds" Mrntnsa

Bnmrjry" C_ Oittil @jbmj Tl QXNNN" h,=v.

Bj ludvj dstjmnbnkjk pibãtnoj qud pripir #onili Jtadstjl" bd pdrcntnÿ j bj Nl`bjtdrrj uln#ojkj dltrjr dl ulj sdrnd kd rdbjonilds knpbi#cêtnojs oil db oiltnldltd Duripdi y sjtnshjodr tjcmnîl db jcir pir bjs jrtds y bj oubturj oilbj jkqunsnonÿl kd imrjs" rdbnqunjs d nludlonjskd vjrnjkjs hudltds, _d aj kdcistrjki qud dbrdy Jtadstjl jkqunrnÿ c÷btnpbds bnmris y rdbnqunjsoici bis ‒Dvjl`dbnis kd Oiriljonÿl– kd Bim#

mds" utnbnzjkis trjknoniljbcdltd oici db bnmrikd gurjcdlti dl bjs oiriljonilds nl`bdsjs y kdNrbjlkj, _d bd jordkntj tjcmnîl bj hulkjonÿl kdbj mnmbnitdoj rdjb julqud cuoais kd bis kiou#cdltis jkqunrnkis pir dstd rdy kdsjpjrdondril"aiy `rjonjs j bj dxpisnonÿl kd cjlusorntis rdj#bds qud hudsd jmndrtj dl Nl`bjtdrrj kdb ::#::#=5:: jb :?#5?#=5:=" pukncis jprdonjr kd prncdrjcjli bj imrj rdjbnzjkj pir db rdy Jtadstjl,

Bj cj`ljlncnkjk kdb rdy Jtadbstjl dstênlcirtjbnzjkj dl ulj nlsornponÿl dl Nl`bîs Jl#tnùi dl ul bnmri kd bis Dvjl`dbnis dsornti dl dbjúi >=4, Hud oipnjki dl tdxti bjtnli oici db


_jbtdrni kd Jtadbstjl



:; ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

hjcisi Dvjl`dbnis kd Bnlknshjrld" ul kdtjbbd rd#bdvjltd dsornti j cjli dl Oan ]ai V8S dl db qudsd rdbjtj oÿci db rdy Jtadbstjl sd`÷l oilstj dldb Djkadbc bnmdri j sus dsobjvis dl db júi >=4,Dstd dvjl`dbni hud pripndkjk kd Ojrbis NN,

]dhdrdltd jb Oan ]ai dcpbdjki" kdmdkdonrsd qud dstê hircjki pir ulj on`òdúj dloibir jzub" vdrkd y ljrjlgj oilsnkdrjki pir bisdxpdrtis uli kd bis prncdris dgdcpbis kd nlsdr #onÿl kd rd`nstris dl tdxtis sj`rjkis, _n tdldcisprdsdltd qud dl ul prnlonpni db nl`bîs jltnùisd dsornmãj oil ruljs !jl`bisjgÿl. pjsjlki pir bj ojbn`rjhãj sdcnulonjb" bj ojbn`rjhãj nlsubjr qudsd dcpbdÿ ajstj ljbds kdb sn`bi QNN, Jprdonj#cis qud bj rulj Q sn`lnoj ‒@nht– qud sn`lnojrd`jbi u imsdquni" bjs on`òdújs qud hircjl dbornpti`rjcj sd`÷l db sncmibnsci jlncjb cdknd#vjb bjs jvds sil dl `dldrjb ul sãcmibi kdb jbcj"kd dspãrntus kdb jnrd" kd dspãrntus bnmdrjkis kdboudrpi6 bj on`òdúj pir su ojrêotdr kd jlnqunbjr j sdrpndltds pisdd ul ojrêotdr mdlîoi" pir sudstrdoaj oildxnÿl oil db dcmrnÿl bj on`òdújsn`lnoj bj ludvj vnkj, Jbùljs anpÿtdsns pbjl#tdjl qud simrd dstd bnmri db rdy Jtadstjl prdstisu gurjcdlti dl bj oiriljonÿl dl db >=4 dl bjOjtdkrjb kd Ojltdrmury,

= Kdskd db sn`bi QNX !:?5:#:;55" jcmis nl#obunkis. sd utnbnzjmj bj pjbjmrj ‒Bik`d– !bi`nj.pjrj kdsn`ljr db pulti kd rdulnÿl kd bis jrtd#sjlis kdb ioni, Db Cjlusornti ]djb !]d`nus. kj#tjki dl :?>5 tjcmnîl bbjcjki Cjlusornti Aj#bbnwdbb pir db licmrd kdb prncdr dkntir pumbnojkidl :1;5 pir Gjcds I, Ajbbnwdbb dl ‒[ad djrbyAnstiry ih hrddcjsilry nl Dl`bjlk–, Dstd tdxtijpjrdod dl db nlvdltjrni rdjbnzjki dl :805 dl

bj mnmbnitdoj kd Gial [adydr y vdlknki j ]imdrt_oitt sd`÷l nlvdltjrni kd :801" pistdrnircdltdpjsj j bj mnmbnitdoj rdjb ajstj :040 !kd jaã sulicmrd kd ‒]d`nus–.

Dstd kioucdlti oilstj kd ul pidcj kd0>; bãldjs dl prisj rncjkj su dsorntir ds jlÿln#ci,

Db cjlusornti oicndlzj oil bj hrjsd7

‒Ano nlonpnult oilstntutnilds jrtns `dcdtrnjd sd#oulkuc Duoybkdc–, ‒Jquã oicndlzjl bjs oils#tntuonilds kdb jrtd kd bj `dicdtrãj kd joudrkioil Duobnkds–,

[rjs kdtdlnkj bdoturj kdb cnsci" dl…‒Itrj ir #kdljlzj kdb jrtd kd bj `dicdtrãj–…" oicpri#mjcis bi snùndltd7

Dstj kioucdltjonÿl anstÿrnoj qud tikisrdoiliodcis oici uli kd bis kioucdltiscês jltnùis kd ludstrj juùstj nlstntuonÿl" ju#

tdltnojl jb ]dy kd Jtadbstjl oici db jutir kdbjs Oilstntuonilds kd îrf dl >=8 k,O, pjrj bjUrncdrj Bi`nj kd Cjdstris Ojltdris y bj kdsn`#ljonÿl kd su adrcjli Dkwnl oici @rjl Cjds#tri kd dbbj,

?, Bj pjbjmrj hrjlocjsÿl ds cdloniljkjpir prncdrj vdz dl :;>4 dl db Dstjtuti kdb ]dnli"


Cjlusornti ]d`nus



:4]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

cndltrjs qud ‒hrjlf#cjsÿl– sd dloudltrj dl uljotj kd :;;;#:;;4" db tîrcnli ‒cjsilds bnmrds–hud dcpbdjki pir prncdrj vdz dl :?08 oujlkisd ajod rdhdrdlonj j bj ‒Oicpjúãj kd Cjsi#lds Bnmrds– uli kd bis lucdrisis `rdcnis kd

Bilkrds, Dstd pulti oirrimirj bj oiltnlunkjk ydxnstdlonj kd bj cjsildrãj ipdrjtnvj jltdrnir j:0:0,

;, :0?8" Jlkrdw Cnoajdb ]jcsjydl Ojmj#bbdri kd _, Bêzjri pir db kuqud kd Irbdêls" rd#`dltd kd Hrjlonj y @rjl Cjdstrd kd dsj Irkdl6dl knsoursi qud prilulonjsd db =8 kd knondcmrddl bj bi`nj kd _jl Gujl" dxpbnoj bj vnloubjonÿlcjsÿlnoj oil bjs ÿrkdlds cnbntjrds oil bjs sn#ùndltds pjbjmrjs7

‒Kdskd bj îpioj kd bjs oruzjkjs dl Ujbdstnlj"cuoais prãlonpds" sdúirds y onukjkjlis kd[ndrrj _jltj sd oicpricdtndril cdknjltd gu# rjcdlti" j bbdvjr bj jrquntdoturj j su prncntnvjnlstntuonÿl… ludstrj Irkdl cjsÿlnoj" pir tjl#ti" li kdmd sdr oilsnkdrjkj… snli oici uljIrkdl cirjb hulkjkj dl bj rdcitj jltn`òdkjky rdlivjkj dl [ndrrj _jltj pir ludstris jltdpj# sjkis pjrj dviojr db rdoudrki kd bjs vdrkjkdscjs sumbncds… – V0S

4, _n ljbcdltd rdjbnzjcis ulj vnsntj j bj Bi#`nj Fnbwnllnl` Fnrfwjbb L · ?1 dl bjs Nsbjs Irojkjsdl Dsoionj" lis dxn`nrê rdjbnzjr ul dstukni rdhd#rdltd j bj adrêbknoj kd bj jotujb @rjl Bi`nj Tln#kj kd Nl`bjtdrrj y su dsouki kd jrcjs6 cistrêl#kilis qud dl îb sd dloudltrj snl bu`jr j kukjsbj prdsdlonj kd bj trjknonÿl kdskd bis d`nponis"ricjlis" ]dy Jtadbstjl" cdknidvi" tdcpbjrnis"cjsilds ipdrjtnvis y ajstj bbd`jr j bis cjsildsdspdoubjtnvis,

¹Uir quî Fnbwnllnl` Fnrfwjbb L · ?19 Dl:1== sd rdjbnzÿ pir bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Dsoionj uljrddstruoturjonÿl lucîrnoj kd bjs bi`njs qud sddloiltrjmjl mjgi sus juspnonis" jb dloiltrjrsdlucdrjonilds rdpdtnkjs pjrj dvntjr ojcmnis sdbds jsn`li dstd tnpi kd lucdrjonÿl kdlnîlkisdoil ul supdrãlknod" bj umnojonÿl kd ojkj uljkd dbbjs, Bis prncdris rd`nstris kd bj cjsildrãj!oici sd prjotnoj dl bj jotujbnkjk. sd dloudl#

trjl dl bis jroanvis kd bj Bi`nj kd Fnbwnllnl`Fnrfwjbb y kjtjl kdb 5: kd iotumrd :0?8

[ad fnrfwjbb soribb i Udr`jcnli kd Fnrfwjbb,Dl db nltdrnir kd bj Bi`nj Fnbwnllnl` Fnrfwjbb L ·?1" dl db Irndltd" kdtrês kdb trili kdb vdldrjmbdcjdstri sd dloudltrj db Udr`jcnli kd Fnrfwjbb,Bjs prudmjs kd ojrmili umnojl j dstd kiou#cdlti dl db sn`bi QX !:;55.,

Db pdr`jcnli Fnrfwjbb" cnkd 48?,11 oc, kd bjrìy :80,8; oc, kd jloai, Db cjtdrnjb kdb qud dstêoicpudsti ds bnli hudrtd" y sd oicpild kd ulpjúi odltrjb knvnknki dl onloi pjrtds" oisnki

j bi bjrì kd ojkj bjki y oicpudsti pir sndtd`rêois odltrjbds y kis bjtdrjbds,

Dstd pdr`jcnli pdrtdldonÿ j bj hjcnbnj _nlobjnr y oil db Oilkd kd Irfldy" Pnbbnjc _t Objnr kd]issbyl" kdsodlkndltd kd Ojmjbbdris [dcpbjrnisdl :0?8 rdlulonÿ jb prnvnbd`ni trjknoniljb adrd#kntjrni kd su hjcnbnj kd knrn`nr bj cjsildrãj ds#oiodsj" pjrj qud sd prikugdrj bj dbdoonÿl kdbprncdr @rjl Cjdstri kd bj ludvj @rjl Bi`nj kdDsoionj, Bj ojrtj pjtdltd kd bj ]dspdtjmbd Bi#

`nj Fnrfwjbb Bi`nj L·?1 hud rcjkj pir Pnbbnjc _tObjnr kd ]issbyl6 dstj bi`nj hud oilstrunkj dl bistdrrdlis kilkd dstuvndsd db Ojstnbbi kd Fnrfwjbb





mjbujrtd kdb Urãlonpd Adlry _nlobjnr, Aj snki ondl#tãojcdltd primjki trjs knhdrdltds prudmjs kd

ojrmili :; bi jutdltnojl y kjtjl dl :;55,_n ajmbêsdcis simrd db oiltrivdrtnki

tdcj kd bj Adrêbknoj" ds kdonr bj ondlonj kdbmbjsÿl" qud rikdj jb dsouki kd bj @rjl Bi`njTlnkj kd Nl`bjtdrrj" kdmdrê tdldrsd prdsdltdqud tiki dsouki rdprdsdltj bjs jrcjs kd uljpdrsilj i kd ulj ojsj" tjcmnîl pudkd rdprd#sdltjr bjs ulnilds kd jrcjs i jbnjlzjs dltrd kn#hdrdltds pdrsiljs i ojsjs, Dl oujbdsqundrj kdbis ojsis" db dsouki kdbncntj `rêojcdltd jbsugdti kdb qud trjtj bj oicpisnonÿl y ds suondl#

td pjrj dl db nkdltnojr ulj jbnjlzj, Oici uljncj`dl vjbd cês qud cnb pjbjmrjs" oici sdúj#bj bj jltn`uj dxprdsnÿl" bds ihrdodrî ulj sdrndkd dvnkdlonjs oil bjs qud ustdkds pikrêl im#tdldr sus pripnjs oilobusnilds,

Dl db pjldb odltrjb kdb Udr`jcnli Fnrfwjbbdl su qunlti knmugi dloiltrjcis ulj ncj`dlkis qudrumnlds ̀ ujrkjlki db jroj kd bj jbnjlzjdltrd oibucljs y mjgi ul Jroi ]djb, J oiltnluj#

onÿl vjcis j vdr bis dsoukis kd jrcjs y mbj#silds kd bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Nl`bjtdrrj y ustdkdssjojrêl bjs oilobusnilds,




:0]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

Dsouki kd Jrcjs kd bj Oicpjúãj kd Cjsildskd Bilkrds" itir`jki pir Dkujrki NX kurjltd dbkiodjvi júi kd rdnljki !:;0=#:;0?.

Dsouki kd jrcjs kd bj jltnùj y ailirjmbd hrj#tdrlnkjk kd bnmrds y jodptjkis cjsilds,@rjl Bi`nj kd bis Jltnùis" :04:#:1:?,

×btnci sdbbi dcpbdjki pir bj @rjl Bi`nj dlBilkrds kd bis Bnmrds y Jodptjkis Cjsilds kdjoudrki j bis jltnùis prnlonpnis" :0>=,

Dsouki kd Jrcjs utnbnzjki jotujbcdltd pir Bj

@rjl Bi`nj Tlnkj kd Nl`bjtdrrj !rdsubtjki kd bjhusnÿl kd bjs @rjlkds Bi`njs kd bis Jltnùis ykd bis Cikdrlis db =4 kd livndcmrd kd :1:?.,Bdcj7 Iãr" vdr y ojbbjr,

Itri knmugi kd dstd pdr`jcnli qud lis nlvntjjb jlêbnsns ds db ÷btnci kdb pjúi odltrjb" kilkdjpjrdod ul jbtjr oil onloi ornpti`rjhãjs trjtjl#

ki kd jodrojrlis j su nltdrprdtjonÿl y tdlndlkiprdsdltds qud sd trjtj kd ul kioucdlti oil




:>]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

ulj dbdvjkj ojr`j ornstnjlj" bis kdsornmnrdcisj oiltnlujonÿl dl nùjb irkdl dl qud hudrildsorntis7

[rjs dstd jlêbnsns kdsonhrjlki bis oÿknìs"

kdmdcis j`rd`jr qud bj onhrj pnl pdl oilstn#tuyd db onhrjki cjsÿlnoi i dsornturj cjsÿlnojdcpbdjki pjrj pritd`dr kioucdltis" nlhircj#onÿl y oilioncndlti jltd bjs cnrjkjs kd prihj#lis y rjstrdjkirds kdskd :4??, Nlknsoutnmbdcdl#td dsti umnoj j [ad Fnrfwjbb _oribb i Udr`jcnlikd Fnrfwjbb kdltri kd bj kjtjonÿl rdjbnzjkj jbcnsci oil bj prudmj kdb O:; i ]jkniojrmili,

Dl dsd jspdoti kdmd sdújbjrsd qud kdl#tri kd bj cjsildrãj citnvj `rjl nltdrîs oicipjrtd kdb dstukni rdhdrdltd jb sncmibnsci y suanstirnj" db usi kd Bjs Cjrojs Cjsÿlnojs bjsoujbds sd pudkdl jprdonjr tikjvãj dl bjs jltn#ùjs oilstruoonilds rdjbnzjkjs pir bis jltnùiscjdstris ojltdris N`bdsnjs" Jmjkãjs" Dknonis"dto,

Db :8 kd knondcmrd :1;: @dir`d @ik#wnl prdsdltj dl bj _iondkjk kd Jltnoujrnisul cjlusornti rdhdrdltd j bjs cjrojs" oil bjstrjlsornponilds kd bjs :41 cês `dldrjbnzjkjs dloilstruoonilds kd Nl`bjtdrrj" Hrjlonj y Jbdcj#

lnj, Uistdrnircdltd sd pumbnoj db dsornti db = kdhdmrdri kd :1;? dl db ‒Oicntî kd Jrtds y Ci#lucdltis– kd Ujrns pir C, Kndril, Jcmis dstu#knisis oiloudrkjl qud db usi kd dsjs cjrojsoirrdspilkdl j ulj bdy cjsÿlnoj sur`nkj dlbj Bi`nj kd _jl Gujl kd Mdrdoanl mjsjkj dldb oilioncndlti jpirtjki j dbbis pir bis Dsoi#odsds" oilsnstdltd dl qud ojkj cjsÿl kdmãjrd`nstrjr su cjroj dl db bnmri kd su bi`nj y li bjpikãj ojcmnjr j pbjodr,

Bj rd`bj pjrj bj ordjonÿl kd bjs cjrojscjsÿlnojs pbjltdj" qud kdmãj tdldr jb cdlisul êlùbi" db onroubi kdmãj sdr dvntjki j cdlisqud ulj bãldj hircjsd ul êlùbi oil îb" kjkidb ojsi kd dxnstnr dl ulj rdulnÿl kd bj cnscjimrj kis jbmjúnbds oil bj cnscj cjroj uli kddbbis kdmd jsucnr ulj knstnlonÿl kdlicnljkjadrjbkis !sãcmibi qud bd knhdrdlonj., _d`÷l Tsikd bjs cjrojs kd Cjsÿl dl Dsoionj !Ujtrnof Oajbcdrs" Jrqudibi`ãj :14=" vib, QQQNX" Uê`,??#?8. Tl ojltdri Nl`bîs kdobjrÿ rdondltdcdltd jb

_r, @P _pdta7‒Dbd`ncis ulj cjroj" y budì dl ludstris vnjgds

lis dloiltrjcis oil qud jbùlis itris jbmj#únbds utnbnzjl ulj sncnbjr dsti jbtdrj bj ludstrj dlpjrtnoubjr" pir dbbi jújkncis jbùlj bn`drj vj# rnjonÿl pjrj knhdrdlonjrbj–,

Bis jrtdsjlis nrbjlkdsds y bis jbmjúnbds kdbj Dkjk Cdknj li sÿbi tdlãjl sus cjrojs prnvj#kjs" snli tjcmnîl pisdãjl ul knjbdoti bbjcjkiMdjrbj`jnr#lj#_jnr" sibi oilionki dl bis oil#kjkis kd Bncdrnof" Objrd" Pjtdrhirk y Oirf, Dl

bj jotujbnkjk tikjvãj dstê dl usi" pjrj db dl#vãi kd ojrtjs prnvjkjs dltrd bis hrjlocjsildsjcjltds kd dsj mdbbj y luloj ibvnkjkj vndgj ds#oudbj" dl bj qud tiki dstê dsornti y knoai kdskddb nlnoni kd bis tndcpis,

Kdmj dxpbnojrsd qud dxnstãjl kis tnpis kdcjrojs cjsÿlnojs dl bjs oilstruoonilds rdjbn#zjkjs pir bis cjsilds ipdrjtnvis i dl db bdl#ùjgd sdordti kd bis cjdstris ojltdris" bj bbj#cjkj Cjroj Hjbsj i Ond`j qud drj rdjbnzjkj

pir bis jprdlknods i pdrsiljs oiltrjtjkjs qudli drjl cndcmris kdb `rdcni y bj Cjroj kdbOicpjúdri i Ujsjki Jbmjúnb, [jcmnîl dxnstdl




=5 ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

ojsis dl bis qud jbùljs pndkrjs pisddl kiscjrojs ulj kdb jprdlknz qud bj oirtÿ y itri kdbjbmjúnb qud bj pubnÿ,

Oil db pjsi kdb tndcpi dstjs cjrojs

pjsjril kd bjs dknojonilds j bj bjpnkjs pjrjnkdltnojr j bis cndcmris kdb `rdcni y su rjl#ì" bis jrtnstjs bjs nltrikugdril dl bjs dsqunljskd sus pnlturjs y `rjmjkis pjrj nkdltnojrsdoici cndcmris kd bj irkdl" bis oicdronjltdsoici sn`lis knstnltnvis kd sus tndlkjs y oil bjjpjrnonÿl kd bj ncprdltj sd `dldrjbnzi dl bisbnmris, Dxnstdl kis dstjtutis qud ajmbjl jb rds#pdoti" db L· 4:ª kdb :=88 pir Dlrnqud NNN y db L·:? kdb :=14 dstjmbdonki pir Dkujrki N6 jcmisdstjtutis rdjbnzjl bjs jbusnilds cês tdcprjljsrdhdrdltds j bj ldodsnkjk kd bj oibiojonÿl kddstjs cjrojs6 dl :?8? sd pricub`j ulj bdy quddstnpubj qud tikis bis cjdstris irhdmrd tdlkrêlul sdbbi kd dstjúi oil su cjroj, Dl :?15 ‟ :?>5sd rd`bjcdltj qud bis tdgdkirds y bjvjkirds kd#mdl oibiojr su sdbbi dl ojkj tdbj trjmjgjkj yjdl :;;? tikj bj bjlj pdnljkj knspilãj kdb sdbbiqud nkdltnojmj j su rdjbnzjkir" bis dstjtutis kdDkujrki NX y Dlrnqud XNN rdspdotnvjcdltd irkd#ljl dl :;00 y :;01 qud bis imgdtis bjmrjkis dlpbjtj kdmdl bbdvjr bj ojmdzj kd ul Bdipjrki ybj cjroj i sn`li kdb imrdri,

Dstd sãcmibi" jpjrdod dl bjs cildkjs kd bisJrnjrjtds licmrd kd bis kndz rdyds kd Ojpjki#onj" dl bj Jmjkãj Fnbwnllnl`" Ojltdrmury y itrisbu`jrds, _u irn`dl ds d`nponi,

Bi jltdrnircdltd pbjltdjki kdcudstrjbj jltn`òdkjk y usi kd bjs cjrojs cjsÿlnojs"bjs qud sd ajl trjscntnki j trjvîs kd bjs knvdr #sjs onvnbnzjonilds bbd`jlki j aiy kãj" j pdsjr kdbpjsi kdb tndcpi sd snùdl dcpbdjlki pir bishrjlocjsilds jotujbds,

[rjs dstd vnjgd pir bj anstirnj kd Nl`bjtdrrjy bj Cjsildrãj" oil db ÷lnoi imgdtnvi kd jpir #tjr kjtis dltirli j bj vnkj y imrj kdb ]dy kd

Jtadbstjl" ouyj ùrj tuvi ulj `rjl rdbdvjlonjdl jcmis tdcjs6 vdcis dl db Udr`jcnli kdFnrfwjbb prudmjs dvnkdltds qud jrrigjl buz j bjs`rjlkds prdùltjs7 ¹Kd kilkd vdlncis9 ¹Uir quî jbùlis jbukdl j ulj pîrknkj kd bj jltn#ùj trjknonÿl oujlki bj anstirnj" bis adoais y biskioucdltis kdcudstrjl bi oiltrjrni9 Db vãloubii trjknonÿl dxnstd" dltrd bj jotujb cjsildrãj ds#pdoubjtnvj y bis jltnùis Cjsilds Ipdrjtnvis"Ojmjbbdris [dcpbjrnis" ]dy kd Jtadbstjl" Cjds#tris Ojltdris" Jrtdsjlis kdb Hjrjÿl" dto,

_ibi pikrãjcis sdújbjr qud bj NlstntuonÿlCjsÿlnoj ds ul jltnùi êrmib qud luloj cirn#rê" puds sus hudrtds rjãods sd dxtndlkdl j tikisbis pjãsds kdb culki" dl tikis bis tndcpis hir #tjbdonîlkisd îpioj trjs îpioj, _n bi`rêsdcismdmdr kd bj sjvnj qud dxnstd dl db nltdrnir kdsu triloi" jprdlkdrãjcis qud tiki dstê dsorn#ti kdskd su hulkjonÿl sd`÷l bis Jltnùis Tsisy Oistucmrds, Dl db nltdrnir kdb jbcj kd ojkjcjsÿl dstj bj bnmdrtjk kd kdonknr quî ajodr6 sd#ùnrbis i prdtdlkdr trjlshircjrbis bbdvêlkibds jb

ojis,




=:]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

Jotujbnkjk kd bj Irkdl Cjsÿlnoj kdJtadbstjl kd Nl`bjtdrrj" @jbds y sus

Urivnlonjs kd Tbtrjcjr,

Bj Irkdl sd mjsj dl bis rd`nstris anstÿ#rnois" bj vnkj y bj bdydlkj kdb rdy Jtadbstjl, Dbdlhiqud kdbj Irkdl ds cistrjr oÿci dstj prn#cdrj rdhdrdlonj" pisdd `rjl ncpirtjlonj pjrjbj anstirnj kd Nl`bjtdrrj y sn`lnojtnvj pjrj db kd#sjrribbi kd bj cjsildrãj dspdoubjtnvj, ]dtrjtj bjanstirnj kd ul cjdstri cjsÿl qud sd bbjcÿ îrf dl db júi >=8 kO qundl aj kd rdonmnr bis jltnùisojrìs kdb rdy,

J bi bjrì kd bj odrdcilnj" db rntujb oil#tndld ulj `rjl ojltnkjk kd sncmibnscis qudj÷l sd imsdrvjl dl jbùljs Bi`njs kd aiy yitrj `rjl ojltnkjk qud li dstêl" sibi dcpbdj#kis dl bis jltnùis usis y oistucmrds, Bj Irkdl"dl Nl`bjtdrrj y @jbds" dstê dstruoturjkj kd cj#ldrj qud sus privnlonjs" sndcprd qud sdj pisnmbdrddgjrjl y rdprdsdltjrjl bis rdnlis irn`nljbds yjqud hudril ordjkis pir db rdy Jtadbstjl kurjltdsu rdnljki oici ‒Db ]dy kd tikj Mrntjlnj–" luds#

trjs privnlonjs pir bi tjlti li sd oirrdbjoniljlknrdotjcdltd oil bjs knvnsnilds kdb oilkjki nl#`bîs6 ludstrjs privnlonjs jcjb`jcjl d nlobuydlêrdjs kd bis oilkjkis dxnstdltds pjrj bjs pri#vnlonjs bi suondltdcdltd `rjlkds oici pjrjjpiyjr y sistdldr bis ldodsjrnis kndz [rnmuljbds,

Db imgdtnvi kd bj Irkdl Cjsÿlnoj kdJtadbstjl ds hicdltjr y kdsjrribbjr dl sus cndc#mris db dstukni rdjb y bj nlvdstn`jonÿl, Oici tjb"ojkj ojlknkjti aj snki ounkjkisjcdltd dbd#

`nki pir su nltdrîs dl bj anstirnj cjsÿlnoj y ds‒Nlstrunki– dl ludstrj Irkdl,

Bj hircj kd sdr cndcmri kd ludstrj Ir #kdl ds dstrnotjcdltd pir nlvntjonÿl y sd dspdrjqud tdl`jl ul ̀ rjl nltdrîs y oicpricnsi dl ti#kis bis jspdotis kd bj cjsildrãj" pir bi tjltids imbn`jtirni sdr cndcmri jotnvi y pdrcjldl#td kd bj cjsildrãj sncmÿbnoj y kd Ojpntubi kdJroi ]djb gurjlki kjr pbdli jpiyi y bdjbtjk jbj @rjl Bi`nj Tlnkj kd Nl`bjtdrrj,

Urdsdlonj Tlnvdrsjb kdBj Irkdl Cjsÿlnoj kd Jtadbstjl

Nl`bjtdrrj y @jbds" Urivnlonjs7 Djst Jl`bnj" Awno#od" Dssdx" Cdronj" Lirtaucmrnj" Cjìlsjdtjl"Fdlt" Bnlksdy" _ussdx" Pdssdx,Urivnlonjs kd Tbtrjcjr7 Justrjbnj" Nlknj" DstjkisTlnkis kd Jcîrnoj,

Db :; kd jmrnb kd =5:=" hud oilsj`rjki db[rnmuljb kd Gustnonj _jl Jlkrdw L· 1? mjgi bis

juspnonis kd bj Irkdl Cjsÿlnoj kd Jtadbstjlkd Nl`bjtdrrj" @jbds y sus Urivnlonjs kd Tbtrjcjr"dl Nsbjs Ojljrnjs # Dspjúj,

Bj Anstirnj kd bj Cjsildrãj Oumjlj kjtjsus nlnonis sd`÷l jltnùi kioucdlti hdoajki db? kd cjyi kdb :08? dl qud bj bi`nj cnbntjr L· =:1kdb ]d`nstri kd Nrbjlkj jksorntj jb rd`ncndltiL· ;1 dxtndlkd odrtnojki kd cjdstri cjsÿl jJbdxjlkdr Oiofmurl dstd anstÿrnoi adoai iou#rrnÿ oujlki bj ticj kd bj onukjk kd bj Ajmjlj

pir bis nl`bdsds" db :0 kd knondcmrd kd :15; oilojrtj pjtdltd kd bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Biunssnjljsd hulkj dl Oumj bj Urncdrj bi`nj bbjcjkj Bd[dcpbd kd Xdrsus [dibi`jbds" dxpdknkj pir dbcjsÿl kd irn`dl hrjloîs Gisdpa Odrldju" db =0kd cjrzi kd :1=5 sd hulkj bj @rjl Bi`nj Dspj#úibj kd Jltnùis" Bnmrds y Jodptjkis Cjsildskd ̂ irf prncdr jbti oudrpi cjsÿlnoi oumjli, Db




== ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

: kd jìsti kd :108 sd hulkj bj @rjl Bi`nj kdbj Nsbj kd Oumj y dl :115 ds rdùbjrcdltd rdoi#lionkj pir bj @rjl Bi`nj Tlnkj kd Nl`bjtdrrj,

[rjs kis sn`bis" ul cjdstri cjsÿl kd irn#

`dl oumjli db ]A, Cjrnli kd Jrcjs Mdlãtdz nl#`rdsj oici cndcmri kd pbdli kdrdoai dl uljkd bjs cês jltnùjs ÿrkdlds kdb culki" ‒Bj Ir #kdl Cjsÿlnoj kd Jtadbstjl kd Nl`bjtdrrj" @jbdsy sus Urivnlonjs kd Tbtrjcjr– mjgi bis juspnoniskd bj @rjl Bi`nj Tlnkj kd Nl`bjtdrrj, ̂ cndcmrihulkjkir kdb [rnmuljb kd Gustnonj" _jl Jlkrdw L·1? dl Nsbjs Ojljrnjs # Dspjúj,

Cuy Nbustrds y Xdldrjmbds Adrcjlis" kn`#lnkjkds kd bj Irkdl Cjsÿlnoj kd Jtadbstjl kdNl`bjtdrrj" @jbds y sus Urivnlonjs kd Tbtrjcjr"qud ajmîns pdrcntnki kdsbnzjr cn pbucj y ajodr qud db vdrmi uyj" pdrcntnkcd kdonrbds `rjonjs,

Oici cjsÿl pir bj rdspilsjmnbnkjk y db ailir qud rdprdsdltj sdr cndcmri kd dstj tjl jltn#ùj irkdl, Oici oumjli li pudki ibvnkjr cncjkrd bi`nj bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Oumj" kilkd bjbuz sncmÿbnoj kd bj vdrkjk cjroi cn oirjzÿlsjojlki j cn dspãrntu kd bjs tnlndmbjs y cistrêl#kicd db ojcnli, Aiy trjs ajmdr oumndrti uljdxtdlsj ojrrdrj cjsÿlnoj" siy hdbnz snl dcmjrìcn jbcj snùd musojlki oujb aucnbkd jprdlknz,

Bbdùd j bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Oumj y j sus cndc#mris dstd dspdonjb j`rjkdoncndlti y db kdsdikd qud sn`jl jbucmrjlki" oujb hjri kd oili#oncndlti y sjmnkurãj pjrj db dl`rjlkdoncndltikd bj Cjsildrãj Tlnvdrsjb,

Ds oujlti sd aj kd kdonr,

© UXC,°, ]dsp, Bi`, Jújzj" Cjrnli kd Jrcjs Mdlãtdz




=?]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

JLDQI_7

Kdmnki j bj ncpirtjlonj anstÿrnoj y oubturjb" oilsnkdri oilvdlndltd oilobunr dstd trjmjgi

oil ulj rdbjonÿl kd cilucdltis y dknonis litjmbds bdvjltjkis pir bjs oirpirjonilds" oihrjkãjsy ̀ rdcnis cjsÿlnois ipdrjtnvis kd bj jltn`òdkjk y ulj orilibi`ãj cjsÿlnoj kdskd bj cudrtd kdb]dy Jtadbstjld j :0:0 dl qud sur`d bj jotujb cjsildrãj dspdoubjtnvj y bj @rjl Bi`nj Tlnkj kdNl`bjtdrrj,

Cilucdltis y Dknonis bdvjltjkis pir bis Cjsilds Ipdrjtnvis,




=; ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj




=4]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj




=0]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

Orilibi`ãj Cjsÿlnoj kdskd >?> ‟ :0:0,

=0 #:5# >?>, J bj cudrtd kd Jtadbstjl bj hrjtdr #lnkjk hud kd ludvi knspdrsjkj" cuoais sd knrn#`ndril ajonj Jbdcjlnj mjgi db licmrd kd Adr #cjlis kd _jl Gujl,

:55:, Dl bis prncdris júis kd dstd pdrãiki dl dbculki dstjmj `dldrjbnzjkj bj nkdj kd qud dbl kdb culki ajmãj bbd`jki6 mjsêlkisd dl su#pdrstnonilds dspdonjbcdltd dl bi oilodrlndltdj qud bj tndrrj `nrjmj simrd su dgd" bj siondkjkkdspdrtÿ kd su bdtjr`i y kdskd dsd cicdlti

:55?, pudkd kdonrsd qud sd nlnonj ludstrj onvnbn#zjonÿl cikdrlj ajstj bj hdoaj,

:5;:, Dkujrki db Oilhdsir rdy kd Nl`bjtdrrjdltrd :5;= y :588" knrn`nÿ bj dgdouonÿl kd vjrnjs

imrjs qud hudril oiljkjs j bis cjsilds" pis#tdrnir j su cudrtd db 4 kd dldrikd :588 oiltn#lujril bis hrjlocjsilds oil su trjmjgi, Dl :508sd dcpdzÿ bj oilstruoonÿl kd bj [irrd kd Bil#krds y bj rddknojonÿl kdb Uudltd kd Bilkrdsoil cjkdrj, Dl :510 sd oilstruyÿ db Ujbjoni ybj _jbj kd Pdstcnlstdr, Dl ::44 sd oilstruyÿ db[dcpbi kd bis Ojmjbbdris [dcpbjrnis" dl bj ojbbdHbddt" mjgi bj knrdoonÿl kdb pripni @rjl Cjdstrdkd bis Ojmjbbdris [dcpbjrnis y dl n`ujb hdoaj sddcpdzÿ j rddknojr db Uudltd kd Bilkrds oil

pndkrj oilobuyîlkisd dl :=5>, Dl :=0=" sd oil#obuyÿ kd dknojr bj Jmjkãj kd Pdstcnlstdr,


Cjrojs kd cjdstris ojltdris dl bj ojtdkrjb kd [ibd#ki :=41" Dspjúj,




:588, Kdskd dstd júi Nl`bjtdrrj sd oicndlzj jpimbjrsd kd N`bdsnjs" Jmjkãjs y Ciljstdrnis rdon#mndlki bis hrjlocjsilds oici pjì j su nltd#bn`dlonj `rjlkds rdoicpdlsjs dgdcpbi kd dbbihud ]imdrtus Odcdltjrnus Cjdstri Cjsÿl qud

trjmjgi dl _jl Jbmjli dl :500" j qundl sd bdoilodkndril tndrrjs y ojsj dl bj onukjk !Litdsil tad _updrnltdlkdlts ih Dl`bnsa Munbknl`s nl tadCnkkbd J`ds" pir Pyjtt Ujpwirta6 tjcmnîl sdontj j Odcdltjrnus dl rdbjonÿl oil bj Ojtdkrjbkd _jbnsmury., Kurjltd db rdnljki kd Dlrnqud NN sdoilstruydril 00 dknonis rdbn`nisis,

:=45, Tl pdrãiki dl db qud sd oilonmndril bispbjlds kd oilstruoonÿl kd bis sjltujrnis kdkn#ojkis jb [ikipikdrisi" bis oujbds ajl snki bjjkcnrjonÿl kd bj pistdrnkjk pir sus kncdlsni#

lds `n`jltdsojs y bj jrcilãj kd sus pripir #onilds, Bis pbjlds kd bjs ojtdkrjbds kd Oibi#lnj" Dstrjsmurì" Ujrãs" ]dncs" ]iudl" Mdjuvjns"Jcndls" y itris kd bis oujbds sd dstjmbdondril bjsmjsds ajonj db ljb kdb sn`bi QNN" pdri qud drjlljbcdltd dgdoutjkis dl ulj dsojbj cês `rjl#kd y oil ul dstnbi knhdrdltd jb knsdúi irn`nljb, Bjsirprdlkdltd jljbi`ãj dltrd bis cilucdltis yitrjs qud snùndril" ajstj db sn`bi QX" dxpbnoj dbvãloubi kd bj hrjtdrlnkjk qud uld j bis cjsildskd tikis bis pjãsds qud ajmãjl rdonmnki nlstruo#

onilds dl bj dsoudbj odltrjb dl Bicmjrkãj" oil#tnluÿ dl Oibilnj y Dstrjsmurì" y tjcmnîl pir bjimdkndlonj kd bis cndcmris j bjs bdyds qud bisrn`dl dl bj oilstruoonÿl kd tikis bis dknonis rd#bn`nisis kd bj îpioj,

:=05, Db Ujpj Lnoibês NNN oilrcj tikis bis kdrd#oais oilodknkis prdvnjcdltd j bis hrjlocjsi#lds jucdltêlkibds itris cês, [ikis bis pjpjsjltdrnirds j Mdldknoti QNN itir`jril prnvnbd`nisncpirtjltds j bj Irkdl Hrjlocjsÿlnoj" ajstj

db dxtrdci kd dxncnr j sus cndcmris kd bj im#sdrvjlonj kd bis dstjtutis y bdyds culnonpjbdsdl bis oujbds kdmãjl imdkndlonj j bis dknotisrdjbds,

:=0=, Bj oilstruoonÿl kd bj jmjkãj kd Pdstcnls#tdr hud oicpbdtjkj dstd júi" mjgi bj knrdoonÿlkdb `rjl cjdstri @nhhjrk" Jrzimnspi kd îrf,

:=04, Tl oil`rdsi cjsÿlnoi hud oilviojkipir Drwnl kd _tdnlmjoa pjrj bj rdjlukjonÿl kd

bis trjmjgis nltdrrucpnkis pjrj bj ojtdkrjb kdDstrjsmurì dl ulj dsojbj cjyir" bjs mjsds sddstjmbdondril dl :5:4 y ulj pjrtd kd bj n`bdsnj

bdvjltjkj, Jrquntdotis kd vjrnis pjãsds bbd`jrilj Dstrjsmurì" hircjki oici dl Nl`bjtdrrj y kdjoudrki j bis jltnùis usi ulj @rjl Bi`nj" oic#pricdtnîlkisd j imsdrvjr bjs bdyds y lircjs kdbioni, Odroj kd bj ojtdkrjb dl ul dknoni kd

cjkdrj !jbmdrùd." sd odbdmrjril bjs rdulnildsy bjs oudstnilds dl rdbjonÿl oil bj oilstruoonÿlsd dxjcnljril, Drwnl kd _tdnlmjoa hud dbd`nkipjrj prdsnknr bjs rdulnilds, Bjs pjbjmrjs y bis sn`#lis hudril ordjkis dcpbdjlki dl pjrtd bis qudsd usjl dl Nl`bjtdrrj, Bis jprdlknods" jrtdsjlisy Cjdstris rdonmndril oil pdoubnjrds odrdci#lnjs sncmÿbnojs" mjgi db oujb sd ioubtjmjl i nlkn#ojki bis sdordtis kd bj jrquntdoturj,

:=00, _d nlnonj bj oilstruoonÿl kd bj Ojtdkrjbkd Dstrjsmurì mjgi bj knrdoonÿl kd Adrvnl kd_tdncmjoa tdrcnljkj dl :;?>" H, Objvdb dl subnmri Bj anstirnj kd bj Cjsildrãj" rdoi`d uljsrdhdrdlonjs kdb jmjtd @rjlknkndr… bj Jsionj#onÿl qud oilstruyÿ bj Ojtdkrjb kd dsj onukjksd knvnkãjl dl Cjdstris" Oicpjúdris y Jprdlkn#ods, Db bu`jr kilkd sd rdulãjl bi bbjcjmjl Aut#td !ojsj pdqudúj" Bi`nj., Dcpbdjmjl kd uljcjldrj dcmbdcêtnoj bis ÷tnbds kd su prihdsnÿl ybis bbdvjmjl oilsnì oici nlsn`lnjs6 tdlãjl pir prnlonpjbds jtrnmutis7 bj Dsoujkrj" db Oicpês ydb Lnvdb6 sd rdoilioãjl" dltrd sã pir cdkni kd

pjbjmrjs y kd sn`lis pjrtnoubjrds, Bis Jprdlkn#ods" Oicpjúdris y Cjdstris drjl rdonmnkis dlbj _iondkjk oil ondrtjs odrdcilnjs dl bj qudnltdrvdlãj db sdordti cês prihulki6 jkcntãjl"oici jbnjkis bnmrds" jbùljs pdrsiljs qud lipdrtdldoãjl jb ioni kd cjsÿl…

:?:5, Bj oilstruoonÿl kd bj cj`lãoj ojtdkrjbkd Oibilnj qud oicdlzÿ dl :=;1" kni j su bi`njulj ondrtj supdrnirnkjk oilvnrtnîlkisd dl ul rd#hdrdltd kd dsoudbj kilkd bis cjsilds kd itris

pjãsds bbd`jril" pjrj dstuknjr dstj imrj cjds#trj, Bis cjsilds jbdcjlds" rdoiliondlki bj su#pdrnirnkjk" qud jpirti db tãtubi kd bj @rjl Bi`nj!Ajuptauttd." db jrquntdoti prnlonpjb hud oilsn#kdrjki oici db cjdstri kd tikis bis cjsildskd Jbdcjlnj,

:?:=, Tl pdqudúi l÷cdri kd tdcpbjrnis" qudbi`rjril dsojpjr kd bjs pdrsdouonilds kd Hdbnpdrdy kd Hrjlonj" y db Ujpj Obdcdltd X sd rdhu`nj#ril dl Dsoionj" jltds kd bj cudrtd kd su @rjl

Cjdstri Gjoquds kd Cibjy :?:;" dloiltrjlkijsnbi dl bjs bi`njs cjsÿlnojs kd bj îpioj,




=>]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

:?:;, Bj Bi`nj kd Fnbwnllnl` dl Dsoionj hulkj#kj kurjltd bj oilstruoonÿl kd bj jmjkãj kdbcnsci licmrd dl ::;56 bj jmjkãj kd Fnbwnllnl`hulkjkj pir cilgds mdldknotnlis kd bj Irkdlkd [anrnil" bbjcjkis pir Auùds kd Cirvnbbd Birk

kd Oullnlàjc6 dstjmj kdknojkj j _jl Pnl#lnl qud ajmãj vnvnki dl dsj rd`nÿl dl db sn`biXNNN" kjlki su licmrd j bj vnbbj odrojlj, Dl :=18bj Bi`nj kd Fnbwnllnl` hud prdsnknkj pir Gjcds_tdwjrk qundl hudsd uli kd bis sdns @ujrknjldskd Dsoionj" jukntir kd ]imdrt Mruod qunlti sd#úir kd Jlljlkjbd" dl bj ùdrrjs kd nlkdpdl#kdlonj kd Dsoionj buoai jb bjki kd PnbbnjcPjbbjod6 cudrd db :8 kd Gubni kd :?5>,

Bj Bi`nj kd Fnbwnllnl` oilsnkdrjkj oici bj bi#`nj Cjkrd kd Dsoionj jkcntnÿ j bis Ojmjbbdris[dcpbjrnis qud auãjl kd bj pdrsdouonÿl kd Hdbn#pd db Adrcisi rdy kd Hrjlonj" oici ‒CjsildsJodptjkis– dstis oiltrnmuydril j bj vnotirnj kdbrdy ]imdrt N kd Mruod db =; kd gulni kd :?:; dl

Mjlliofmurl" sndlki prdcnjkis oil bj ordj#onÿl kd bj Irkdl kd _jl Jlkrîs kdb Ojrki qudcês tjrkd sd husnilÿ oil bj Irkdl kd Adrdkic"jkqunrndlki bj Bi`nj bj oilsnkdrjonÿl kd Bi`nj]djb dstis hudril bis nlnonis kdb ]nti Dsoioîs Jl#

tnùi y Jodptjki i Jltnquus _oitnous ]ntus Jo#odptus,Dl :800 bj ]djb Bi`nj kd Fnbwnllnl` trjsbjkÿ susdkd j Dkncmurì" db =5 kd knondcmrd kd :800sd bds itir`j Ojrtj Ujtdltd pjrj trjmjgjr oicibi`nj j bis cndcmris qud sd dloiltrjmjl dlOjllil`jtd" Dkncmurì, Xîjsd cjlusorntiirn`nljb kd bj Oicnsnÿl kd ‒Dltdr jlk Ujss Cj#sils–,

Kdmj sdújbjrsd qud db cnsci hud rcjki pir bis := cndcmris qud oilstntuydril dstj bi`njdl Dkncmurì" oil sus licmrds y db sãcmibicjsÿlnoi pir db qud drjl rdoilionkis oiciCjsilds Ipdrjtnvis sd`÷l bis Jltnùis usis yOistucmrds, Dxnstd ul hjosãcnbd dxodbdltd kd bjprdsdltd rdsibuonÿl dxtrjirknljrnj kd :800" dl‒Anstirnj kd Byil" bj Bi`nj kd Dkncmurì–" pê`,:5:, [jcmnîl dl bj rdvnstj cjsilds kdb 1 kdjìsti kd :18?,

Dl :0;? bj ]djb Bi`nj kd Fnbwnllnl` sd dstjmbdonÿmjgi db tãtubi kd @rjl Bi`nj ]djb y @rjl Ojpãtubi

_imdrjli kd bj Irkdl kd Adrdkic kd Fnbwnl#lnl` y kd bis Ojmjbbdris ]isj Oruods hulkjlkij su jbrdkdkir Bi`njs y Ojpãtubis mjgi su imd#kndlonj" pistdrnircdltd rdtirlj j Dsoionj, Dstdtrjsbjki cjroi bj sdpjrjonÿl dl kis rjcjs kdbj Hrjlocjsildrãj Tlnvdrsjb7

Uir ulj pjrtd db snstdcj nl`bîs oil sus trds `rj#kis prjotnojkis dl bj @rjl Bi`nj Tlnkj kd Nl#`bjtdrrj y sus hulkjonilds y" pir itrj pjrtd" dbkd bj @rjl Bi`nj ]djb kd Fnbwnllnl`" ouyi snstd#

cj kd `rjkis hircjrê cês tjrkd bj rjcj kd bjCjsildrãj qud sd aj oilvdlnki dl bbjcjr Dsoi#onsci y kdb qud db ]nti Dsoioîs Jltnùi y Jodp#tjki ticj sus vdrkjkdris irã`dlds y bj cjyir pjrtd kd sus `rjkis,

Kdmj sdújbjrsd qud li hud ajstj :045 qud dlbj Bi`nj Cjkrd kd Cjrsdbbj sur`d db prncdr ]ntiDsoisds Hnbisÿoi db oujb oiltjmj kd :1 `rjkisy db ; kd cjyi kd :15= sd kj j oiliodr ionjb#cdltd jb culki cjsÿlnoi bj ordjonÿl dl Oajr #

bdstil kd ul _uprdci Oilsdgi kd bis _imdrjlis@rjlkds Nlspdotirds @dldrjbds" `rjki ??· y ÷btn#ci kdb ]DJJ, Dsti sd oiliod oici db ‒knsoursi




?5 ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

kd Kjboai–" pir sdr db Kr, Hrdkdrnof Kjboai qunîlprdsnknÿ bj oicnsnÿl kd rdkjoonÿl,

:?45, Bjs Oilstntuonilds kd îrf hudril rdvnsj#kis kurjltd db rdnljki kd Dkujrki NNN,

:?48, _d knotj dl Nl`bjtdrrj ul dstjtuti oiltrjbis cjsilds dl db qud sd priaãmdl sus rdulni#lds mjgi pdljs sdvdrjs" pdri bj hrjlocjsild#rãj bi simrdvnvd y trjs bj ùdrrj kd bjs Kis ]isjsrdoilqunstj su prdstn`ni y hjcj" oil bj rdoils#truoonÿl kd Bilkrds kdstrunkj pir db hudì y bjrdoilstruoonÿl kd bj Ojtdkrjb kd _jl Ujmbi,

:;4>, Urncdrj Oilvdlonÿl kd Djtnsmil" oilvi#ojkj pir GistKitzc`dr" cjdstri kd bjs imrjskd bj Ojtdkrjb kdDstrjsmurì, _d dstjmbdondrilludvjs bdyds pjrj db ìmndrli kd bj Hrjtdrlnkjkdl Jbdcjlnj,

:;8;, NN Oilvdlni kd ]jtnsmilj" oilviojki pir bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Dstrjsmurì" pjrj kdlnr bj rd#bjonÿl y bis kdrdoais dltrd bjs @rjlkds Bi`njskd Dstrjsmurì" Oibilnj" Xnouúj" y Mdrlj

:45=, Tlj Bi`nj kd Cjdstris sd oilvioÿ db =;kd gulni" mjgi bj knrdoonÿl kd Dlrnqud XNN," sdtrjsbjkÿ dl priodsnÿl jsdltjr bj pndkrj jlùbjr

kd ulj ojpnbbj dl Pdstcnlstdr" bj oujb bbdvj dblicmrd kd Dlrnqud XNN,

:4?4, Bj dxpjlsnÿl kd bi`njs hircjkjs dl dbdxtdrnir kd bjs oirpirjonilds kdspdrtÿ bjs sis#pdoajs y db ikni kd bis obîrnìs ubtrjciltjlis"jousêlkibds jmndrtjcdltd y dl sdordti kdjyukjr j bj rdhircj kd Butdri" kd qundl sd knodkd pdrtdldodr j dbbis, Hudril jousjkis pir bissjodrkitds nltrikuondlki onscjs dl bj N`bdsnj ysdknonÿl dltrd bjs pdrsiljs" ljbcdltd bi qud

kdsdjmjl bis cjsilds drj rdstjmbdodr bj Ir #kdl kd bis [dcpbjrnis" qud drjl bj ojusj kd bjcnscj, _d knod qud sd rdjbnzj ulj oilvdlonÿlkd dstjs jsionjonilds dl Oibilnj db =; kd gulnikd dstd júi" dl bj qud Adrcjl X, Imnspi kdOibilnj bj prdsnkd" dbjmirêlkisd ul kioucdl#ti jlulonjlki sus kiotrnljs y db imgdtnvi kd sujsionjonÿl" pdrcntndlki pripj`jr sus kiotrnljsdl itrjs pjrtds kdb culki, Dstd kioucdlti dsbj Ojrtj kd Oibilnj,

:48:,Bj rdnlj Nsjmdb kd Nl`bjtdrrj" jb sdrbd sis#pdoaisi bjs rdulnilds kd bis cjsilds" dlvnÿul kdstjojcdlti kd aicmrds jrcjkis pjrj

ricpdr bj jsjcmbdj jlujb dl îrf, Bis j`dl#tds dlvnjkis pjrj dstd l rdjbnzjril ul nlhircdhjvirjmbd rdviojlki su irkdl y ljbcdltd" sdoilvnrtnÿ dl bj pritdotirj kd bj Hrjtdrlnkjk,

:48?, Bis ojltdris !_tdnlcdtzdl. kd Jbdcjlnj,Dl kis rdulnilds odbdmrjkjs" rdspdotnvjcdltddl bjs dstjs kd _jl Mjrtibicî y _jl Cnùdb rd#vnsjl bjs bdyds pricub`jkjs dl :;4> !Bjs irkd#ljlzjs kd Dstrjsmur`. kd bj ulnÿl kd Jbdcjlnjy _unzj, Dstjs bdyds rdvnsjkjs hudril ncprdsjs dldb hibni y knstrnmunkjs j ojkj bi`nj dl ul bnmriqud oiltndld ‒Bjs irkdljlzjs y bis jrtãoubis kdbj Hrjtdrlnkjk kd Ojltdris rdlivjkj dl bj Bi#`nj prnlonpjb dl Dstrjsmurì db kãj kd CKBQNNN kd_jl Cnùdb, _d pumbnoÿ pir prncdrj vdz oici dbBnmri _dordti !@dadncmuoa. kd bis Ojltdris" dl:48? y db êùnbj ncpdrnjb dl bj pê`nlj kd tãtubiy" j pjrtnr kd dstj oipnj" hudril pumbnojkis kdludvi pir Adbkcjll" Frjusd y Anîkdbi,

:4>?, _d ordÿ bj ]isj Oruz ]djb oil trdnltj y kisojmjbbdris kd bj Irkdl kd _jl Jlkrîs kdb Ojr #ki" hulkjkj oici yj vncis dl :?:; pir ]imdrtN kd Dsoionj y rdstjmbdonkj pir su pjkrd" Gjoi#mi X kd Dsoionj dl :4;5, Oiriljki dl :85? dlrdy kd Nl`bjtdrrj j bj cudrtd kd Nsjmdb N" rdnlÿsimrd Nl`bjtdrrj y Dsoionj oil db licmrd kd Gj#

oimi N, Bis cjsilds ipdrjtnvis dsoiodsds tuvnd#ril kdrdoai j dbd`nr j ul ludvi @rjl Cjdstri"yj qud Gjoimi N pjsÿ j sdr db @rjl Cjdstri kdbis cjsilds ipdrjtnvis nl`bdsds,

:850, Cjsildrãj irdonÿ dl Nl`bjtdrrj" mjgi dbrdnljki kd Gjncd N" qundl sd kdobjrÿ su pritdo#tir jkqunrnÿ hjcj d ncpirtjlonj nlnonêlkisdcuoais ojmjbbdris y pdrsiljs kd bj limbdzj, Dbrdspdti y oilsnkdrjonÿl itir`jkj j bj Irkdldl jqudbbj îpioj" sd vdãj jcpbnjkj pir bj dbdo#

onÿl kdb oîbdmrd jrquntdoti Núnì Gilds oici@rjl Cjdstrd" qundl nlhulknÿ ul `rjl dspãrntu dlbjs bi`njs,

:8;4, Kurjltd db rdnljki kd Ojrbis N sd oilstntu#yÿ dl Bilkrds db Oibd`ni Nlvnsnmbd" ljonki kd bj]isjd Oruons kd :8:5 pir imrj kd Miybd" Biofdy snr Prdl,

:8;8, Bjs siondkjkds cjsÿlnojs kd Nl`bjtdrrj"qud pir cuoai tndcpi bj cjyirãj ajmãj snki

oicpudstj pir aicmrds sjmnis" jrtnstjs" aic#mrds dcnldltds pjrj db oilioncndlti drjl rdon#mnkis oici cndcmris ailirjrnis" y ojbnojril




?:]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

oici cjsilds jodptjkis, Dl dstd cicdltidl qud db oîbdmrd jltnoujrni Dbãjs Jsacibd sdanzi cjsÿl dl Pjrrnl`til" dstd hud db prncdr rd#`nstri jutîltnoi kd ul prihjli nlnonjki dl uljBi`nj" hulkjkir kdb cusdi kd Ixhirk" kdspuîs

kd ajmdrbi pudsti dl cjroaj" rdotnoÿ y oic#pusi bj siondkjk kd bj ]isj#Oruz" qud oilsnstddl odrdcilnjs mjsjkjs dl jbusnilds Anstÿrnojs"y bj oiculnojonÿl kd bis sn`lis kd rdoilion#cndlti j bj cjldrj kd bis cjsilds" dstd trjmj# gi bd nlspnrÿ bj nkdj kd oicpildr ludvis rntujbdskd bj cjsildrãj" y dl oilsdoudlonj îb oic#pudsti y sustntunki pir bis rntujbds dl usi ul lud#vi ciki kd nlnonjonÿl" mjsjki" dl pjrtd" dl dbvndgi jl`bisjgÿl y snrãjoi cjlusorntis" dl pjrtddl bis cnstdrnis d`nponis" y dl quî sd supild qudaj snki bj hircj kd nlnonjonÿl dltrd bis Jrquntdo#

tis ricjlis, Dstis rntujbds hudril jkiptjkis pir Bilkrds dl sus bi`njs,

:845, Kdspuîs kd bj kdojpntjonÿl kd Ojrbis N kdNl`bjtdrrj db ?5 kd dldri kd :8;>" bbd`j jb triliOjrbis NN qundl hudsd nlnonjki oici hrjlocjsÿlkurjltd su dxnbni kd joudrki j bj trjknonÿl kdbis Dstujrki6 kurjltd su rdnljki sd pricubì,Bj ]djb _iondkjk kd Bilkrds pjrj bj Cdgirj kdbOilioncndlti Ljturjb oilionkj oici bj ]iyjb_iondty ncpubsjkj y ordjkj pir cjsilds" kd

bj oujb hud prdsnkdltd _nr Nsjjo Ldwtil, Uir bjsoiltrnmuonilds kd Ojrbis NN j bj cjsildrãj pdr #cntndlki qud vibvndsd j sus jltnùis ojusds sdbd kdlicnlj j bj hrjlocjsildrãj Jrtd ]djb, Oildb pjsi kdb tndcpi sd bd aj kdlicnljki Jrtd]djb kdltri kd bj hrjlocjsildrãj jb trjmjgi kdkdsmjstjr ludstrj pndkrj mrutj" oilsnstdltd dlul priodsi kd trjlshircjonÿl i ojcmni `rj#kujb kilkd db cjsÿl jmjlkilj pioi j pioibjs jspdrdzjs y rdmirkds kd su pdrsiljbnkjk pri#hjlj" pjrj jprixncjrsd j su tdcpbi nltdrnir kns#

hrutjlki kdb rdìongi nltdrli qud bd kj bj Buz kdbj Xdrkjk" cês jbbê kd orddlonjs" ki`cjtnscisy hircubnscis kdb oubti rdbn`nisi, Dstd priodsi dsbbjcjki oujkrjr bj pndkrj,

:84>, _d hulkj mjgi db pjtriljti rdjb bj Irkdlkd bis Cjdstris Dsoiodsds kd _jl Jlkrîs" dxtd#rnirnzjonÿl cjsÿlnoj kd bj Irkdl kd _jl Jlkrîskdb Ojrki, Jpiyj dstj ordjonÿl Gjoimi NN qundlvnvnÿ dl Hrjlonj kd :8;1 ajstj :885 hdoaj kdbj rdstjurjonÿl kd bis Dstujrki" sdrê bj oîbdmrd

Cjsildrãj Gjoimntj i Cjsildrãj Dstujrknstj,:88=, _d ordj bj hjcisj ]iyjb _iondty" kdrnvjkj

kdb Nlvnsnmbd Oibbd`d,

:88?, Jsjcmbdj `dldrjb dl îrf prdsnknkj pir Ojrbis NN oilrcÿ j bj @rjl Cjdstrãj j Adlry Gdr #cyl" Oilkd kd _t, Jbmjls, Bj jsjcmbdj jprimÿ

ulj sdrnd kd lircjs dl oilhircnkjk oil bisadoais pjsjkis y cjltuvi bis jbtis `rjkis, Bjprdpilkdrjlonj kd bis cjsilds jodptjkis sdoilvnrtnÿ cês dvnkdltd jb li tdldr qud buoajr oiltrj bis joiltdoncndltis pibãtnois" ordondlkibj tdlkdlonj aucjlntjrnj, Db oubtnvi kd bjs jrtds"bjs ondlonjs y bj sionjmnbnkjk mjgi bjs hircjs li#mbds y dbdvjkjs" ojrjotdrnzêlkisd pir dstd dstnbisus rdulnilds,

:88?, _d nlnonj db usi rd`bjcdltjrni kdb Knpbicjkd Cjdstri Cjsÿl" kioucdlti rcjki y sdbbj#

ki" qud oiltndld bis kdrdoais y prnvnbd`nis kdbcjdstri ojltdri, Odrtnoj bj pdrcjldlonj y dbdstjki kd mudlj sntujonÿl !j pbici y snl oju#sjs pdlkndltds oil su bi`nj. dcpbdjki oujlkivnjgjl bis adrcjlis j bu`jrds hudrj kd su gurns#knoonÿl, Oilknonÿl ldodsjrnj pjrj bj jkcnsnÿlj ulj bi`nj dl ojbnkjk kd vnsntjltd

:888, Db `rjl nlodlkni kd Bilkrds" qud kdstruyÿoujrdltj cnb ojsjs y ioadltj y sdns n`bdsnjs" kniul ludvi ncpubsi j bj jrquntdoturj, Bis jrtdsj#

lis biojbds oumrndril bj kdcjlkj kd cjli kdimrj" itris hudril bbjcjkis kd tikis bis pjãsds,_d ulndril dl ulj bi`nj mjgi bj jutirnkjk kd _nr Oarnstipadr Prdl jrquntdoti kd _t, Ujub" qundlpripironilÿ bis pbjlis kd pjrj bj rdoilstruo#onÿl kd bj onukjk,

:814, Gjoimi NN @rjl Cjdstrd kd bj Irkdl kdAdrikic kd Fnbwnllnl`" hulkjkj pir ]imdrt Mru#od rdy kd Dsoionj dl :?:;" ajmbj dl hjvir kd biscjsilds qud ajmãjl buoajki pir sus mjlkdrjs

rdstjmbdondlki bj Irkdl kd Ojmjbbdris kd _jlJlkrîs" qud ajmãj snki suspdlknki y bjs pisd#snilds kd bjs oujbds hudril oilsojkis kurjltdbj ]dhircj,

:055, Bjs siondkjkds cjsÿlnojs sjbvi dl Nl`bj#tdrrj" oicdlzjril j knsibvdrsd d nlobusi dl dsdpjãs yj li drjl ioupjkis oil bj CjsildrãjI#pdrjtnvj,

:05?, Db l÷cdri kd cjsilds hud knscnluydlki

oiltnlujcdltd" bjs dstjs jlujbds sd pjsjloicpbdtjcdltd pir jbti" y bjs oujtri bi`njs rds#tjltds dl Bilkrds kdsndrtj, Bjs knhdrdlonjs kd




?= ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

ipnlnÿl dltrd bj Hrjtdrlnkjk rdspdtjlki bj oil#vdlndlonj kd jcpbnjr sus prnvnbd`nis j bis kdcêsqud bis dkuojkis dl bj ondlonj kd bj jrquntdo#turj kd prdvdlnr db jucdlti kd sus cndcmris"y pioi sd aj jvjlzjki ajstj kdspuîs kd bj

cudrtd kdb @rjl Cjdstri Prdl !:0:8.,

:0:0, Bjs oujtri bi`njs kd Bilkrds kdonkdl jdbd`nr j ul ludvi @rjl Cjdstri" y hircjr ulj@rjl Bi`nj, Uir bi tjlti" oilviojl j ulj jsjc#mbdj `dldrjb kd bis cjsilds dl Bilkrds y susjbrdkdkirds" y oilstntuyd ulj jutirnkjk odltrjboil db tãtubi kd ‒Bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Nl`bjtdrrj–"qud sÿbi rdoiliod bis trds `rjkis sncmÿbnois,@dir`d Ujyld ds dbdoti @rjl Cjdstri" sd rdu#lndril ulj `rjl ojltnkjk kd cjlusorntis jl#tnùis" ojrtjs" rntujbds" y kioucdltis simrd bisusis kd bj Hrjtdrlnkjk" bi qud sucjki j bjs pdr #siljs dl pisdsnÿl kd _t, Ujub Bik`d" nmjl j hir #cjr ul oÿknì kd bdyds y kiotrnljs" jbùljs kdqud nmjl j sdr pumbnojkis,

Odltri7 @unbbdrci _t, Objnr kd ]isdbnl, @rjl Uj#trili adrdkntjrni kd bis cjsilds dsoiodsds yprncdr @rjl Cjdstri kd bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Dsoi#onj dbdoti dl :0?8,

Nzqundrkj7 Kr, Gujl [dÿbi Kdsjùbndrs, [drodr @rjl Cjdstri kd bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Nl`bjtdrrjdbdoti dl :0:>,

Kdrdoaj7 Jltilni _jydr, Urncdr @rjl Cjdstrikd bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Nl`bjtdrrj dbdoti dl :0:0

Mnmbni`rjhãj

Jbùlj mnmbni`rjhãj yj aj snki licmrjkj dl bjslitjs kdb jutir, J cjyirds" sd aj oilsubtjki yadoai usi kd dstj mnmbni`rjhãj

Mrdvd Anstirnj kd bj Cjsildrãj"DG Cjroilns kd Ld`rd" Ujrãs :1;>

Jltnqujd bntdrjturè sdptdltrniljbns bnmdr jbtdr " kd@dir`d Anofds

Bnlùjruc Xdtt _dptdltrniljbnuc [dsjuri Jr#

oaèibi`nous `rjcêtnoi#Orntnous dt jb, "= vibs Ixhirk7, _adbkilnjl" :05?#:054." p :1:.,

[ad Oilonsd Anstiry ih Hrddcjsilry"]imdrt Hrdfd @iubk":>>8,

Adlry Pnbsil" ‒Hrdd#cjsÿl–" ‒cjsildsOicpjúãj kd Bilkrds–" pê`, ;:56

Dlonobipdknj Cjsÿlnoj Oinb"pumb, :>8:":>>8" ]noacilk Xnr`nlnj

Anstirnj @dldrjb kd bj Hrjocjsildrnj"G, Hbdtoadr Mrdlljl" :151

Dlonobipdknj y Knooniljrni kd bj Hrjocjsild# rnj" ]imdrt Cjoic ??·" :105




??]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

LI[J_

:,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 Db oiirknljkir jvnsjj bis bdotirds qud bj ldodsjrnj jkjptjonÿl kd

dstd jrtãoubi jb hircjti kd ulj rdvnstj bd ajimbn`jki j rdjgustjr litjs" mnmbni`rjhãj y jb`÷ltdxti, Dstis ojcmnis li jhdotjl jb cdlsjgdpdri sn kdsdjl bddr db irn`nljb pudkdl ajodr #bi dl attp7))cjrnlikdjrcjs,mbi`spit,oic,ds)=5:=)5;)bj#irkdl#cjsilnoj#kd#jtadbstjl#i,atcb

=,# Litj kdb jutir7 Ds jqudb adoai qud j pdsjr kd sdr kdcistrjki y oicprimjki oici rdjb"li aj snki rdoilionki hircjbcdltd cdknjltdbis cdojlnscis bd`jbds vn`dltds" i pir bj juti#rnkjk oicpdtdltd, Dgdcpbi7 ulj pdrsilj pud#kd dstjr kdsdcpdújlki ul ojrì kd hjoti snlqud knoai ojrì tdl`j rdoilioncndlti hircjbcdknjltd licmrjcndlti kd bj jutirnkjk oi#rrdspilkndltd i oiltrjti bjmirjb,

?,# –Bjs objvds anstÿrnojs kdb sãcmibi pdrknki–"Jlj Bnj Jbvjrdz" Dkujrki ], Ojbbjdy,

;,# Litj kdb jutir7 Ljrcdr prncdr hjrjÿl kdbJltnùi D`npti y hulkjkir kd bj :ª Knljstãj"

kdlicnljki Cdln dl bj Bnstj ]djb kd Jmnkis ydb Ojlil kd [urãl" pir Adrÿkiti y Cdlds kd [nspir Cjldtÿl dl sus dpãticds,

4,# Litj kdb jutir7 Hrjsd prilulonjkj db =: kd gubni kd :0>1 pir Ljpibdÿl Miljpjrtd" nlnonjkidl db ]nti Cjsÿlnoi kd Cdcpans db := kd jìs#ti kd :0>> j trds kãjs kd oucpbnr bis ?5 júiskd dkjk, Dxnstdl dvnkdlonjs kdb adoai bjs qudhudril rdoi`nkjs dl Cîcinrds anstirnquds dtsdordts kd b„ncpîrjtrnod Gisîpanld" pumbnojkj

dl :1=5 pir Bdlircjlk, Itrjs dvnkdlonjs bjsjpirtjl ]imdrt Oajrriux y Gdjl#Cnoadb Jl`d#mdrt qundlds kdsornmdl ul jcubdti d`nponi"qud Miljpjrtd rdonmnÿ kd bis sjodrkitds d`np#onis y db oujb bi dxtrjvnÿ dl ]usnj, Jqudb oibbjr pjltêoubi pjsÿ kd ]usnj j Lnzj dl :>;0 y dl:>48 jojmÿ dl cjlis kdb `dldrjb nsrjdbã CisadKjyjl qud j su cudrtd" bi bd`ÿ jb Nsrjdb Cu#sduc kd Gdrusjbîl,

8,# Litj kdb jutir7 Oan ]ai" ulj kd bjs prncdrjs

hircjs kd Ornsti`rjcj" utnbnzjki pir bis prncd#ris ornstnjlis hircjki pir bj supdrpisnonÿl kdbjs kis prncdrjs oan y rai kd bj pjbjmrj `rnd`j

Ornsti" tjcmnîl hud utnbnzjki pir dsornmjs pj#`jlis pjrj cjrojr" dl db cjr`dl ul pjsjgdpjrtnoubjrcdltd vjbnisi i rdbdvjltd,

0,# Litj kdb jutir7 ‒Knooniljrni kd bj hrjlocjsi#

ldrãj–" Gujl Ojrbis Kjzj" pj`, :4:

_IM]D DB JT[I]

Licmrd sncmÿbnoi7 Fdcldmn Mjrutn Tsnr

Cjsildrnj sncmÿbnoj7Cndcmri kd bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Oumj@rjl Bi`nj kd Dspjúj@rjl Bi`nj Tlnkj kd Nl`bjtdrrj

]dspdtjmbd Bi`nj Jújzj L· ??" Xdldrjmbd Cjds#tri =554#=558 ) =55>#=5:5 ) =5:5#=5:: Dspjúj

Hnbisisci kdb ]DJJ_uprdci Oilsdgi kdb @rjki ??· Oumj

_uprdci Oilsdgi kdb @rjki ??· Dspjúj

Irkdlds Oibjtdrjbds7_uprdci @rjl Ojpntubi Dspjúj Jroi ]djb@rjl Urnirjti kdb [dcpbd" kd DspjújFlnàt [dcpbjr Urndsts # @rjl Oibd`ni kd Nl`bj#tdrrjIrkdl Cjsÿlnoj kd Jtadbstjl kd Nl`bjtdrrj"@jbds y sus Urivnlonjs kd Tbtrjcjr

Mbi` Cjrnli kd Jrcjs

attp7))cjrnlikdjrcjs,mbi`spit,oic,ds




?; ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

Dstrdljki dl :>;5" Unlioai ds ul obêsnoiKnsldy V:S qud snùd dlojlknbjlki j bis lnúisy jkubtis dl db culki dltdri, _nl dcmjrì" bjanstirnj kd dsj cjrnildtj kd cjkdrj dsoilkdulj jbdìrãj dspnrntujb mjsjkj dl oilioncndl#tis dsitîrnois qud rjrj vdz sd kdmjtd, Xjcis j

aigdjr bis irã`dlds kd dstj jvdlturj y su sn`ln#ojki sumyjodltd,

¹Ouêltjs pdrsiljs li ajl vnsti bj pdbãou#bj9 Udri" ¹Ouêltjs pdrsiljs dstêl oilsondltdkdb vdrkjkdri sn`lnojki sumbncnljr kd Unli#oai9 Cês jbbê kd bj anstirnj kd ulj cjrnildtjnltdltjlki oilvdrtnrsd dl lnúi mudli" lis dl#oiltrjcis oil ulj anstirnj prihulkjcdltd ds#pnrntujb qud dltndrrj sus rjãods dl bjs dsoudbjscnstdrnisjs kdb ioubtnsci, J trjvîs kd bis igis kd

ul nlnonjki" bj anstirnj kd bis lnúis simrd db ‒sdr mudlis–" bbdli kd bdoonilds simrd ‒li cdltnr–"sd oilvndrtd dl ulj m÷squdkj kdb aicmrd ouyil ds bj sjmnkurãj y bj nbucnljonÿl dspnrntujb,

Bis oicdltjrnis mrutjbcdltd aildstis ysionjbds kd Unlioai cudstrjl ulj vnsnÿl sic#mrãj kd ludstri culki cikdrli y prdsornmd"qunzês" bj cjldrj kd dsojpjr kd sus jrtncjújs,@rjonjs j ul vnjgd j hilki simrd su jutir y bjsrdhdrdlonjs bntdrjrnjs" sd pudkd oicprdlkdr dbsn`lnojki ioubti y `lÿstnoi kd Unlioai,

Bis irã`dlds kd Unlioai

Unlioai hud dsornti irn`nljbcdltd pir Ojrbi Birdlznln V=S !oilionki pir su sdukÿlnci"Ojrbis Oibbikn." dltrd bis júis :11: y :11? dl Ntj#bnj,

Birdlznln oicdlzÿ su ojrrdrj dsornmndlkidl bis girljbds !Nb Bjcpnild d Nb Hjlhubbj." kilkdanzi usi kd bj sêtnrj dl oiltjmbds iojsnilds oil

db l kd dxprdsjr sus ipnlnilds pibãtnojs, Dl :104"sd dstrdlj dl bj bntdrjturj nlhjltnb y tjcmnîl bjusj pjrj trjlscntnr sus oilvnoonilds pibãtnojs, Dl

bj sdrnd @njlldttnli" pir dgdcpbi" sd rdrnÿ cu#oajs vdods j bj ulnojonÿl kd Ntjbnj,

Birdlznln sd hjsonlÿ oil bj nkdj kd usjr ul pdrsiljgd jcjmbd y trjvndsi oici cdknikd dxprdsjr sus pripnjs oilvnoonilds usjlkibj jbdìrãj, Dl :115 oicndlzj j dsornmnr ‒_tirnjkd ul murjttnli– !Anstirnj kd ulj cjrnildtj."tjcmnîl oilionkj oici ‒Bd jvvdlturd kn Un#

liooani–" qud hud pumbnojki sdcjljbcdltd dl‒Nb `nirljbd kdn Mjcmnln–" db prncdr girljb ntjbnjlipjrj lnúis,

‒Bd jvvdlturd kd Unliooani–" ul oudltikd ajkjs qud kdsornmd bjs jvdlturjs kd ul cu#údoi kd cjkdrj imtnljki dl oilvdrtnrsd dl ullnúi kd vdrkjk hud pumbnojki dl :11?,

Db trjmjgi kd Birdlznln li hud sibi pibãtnoi,_us dsorntis" dspdonjbcdltd ‒Bd jvvdlturd kd

Unliooani–" oiltdlãjl ulj `rjl ojltnkjk kdjspdotis cdtjhãsnois qud sil hrdoudltdcdltdn`lirjkis pir bis bdotirds cikdrlis, Tl kdtjbbd



Uir db X,°, A,°, Gisî BipdsNknicj irn`nljb7 Uirtuùîs mrjsnbdúi

[rjkuotir7 X,°,A,°, Cjrni Bipdz



?4]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

ncpirtjltd y ldodsjrni pjrj oicprdlkdr pir oicpbdti bj prihulknkjk kdb trjmjgi kd Birdlzn#ln ds qud drj ul cjsÿl jotnvi, Db cjsÿl ntjbnjli@nivjln Cjbdvibtn kdsornmd db oiltdxti cjsÿln#oi kd Birdlznln7

‒Ojrbi Oibbikn hud nlnonjki dl bj Cjsild# rãj y sn mndl li pudkd sdr dloiltrjki su licmrddl tikis bis rd`nstris ionjbds" sd bd rdoiliodulnvdrsjbcdltd y sd ajod cuoajs rdhdrdlonjs j su oilknonÿl kd cjsÿl, Jbki Cibj" ul li cj# sÿl" qud ds oilsnkdrjki oici ul anstirnjkir ionjb kd bj Cjsildrãj" dxprdsj oil sdùrnkjk"qud db dsorntir hud nlnonjki dl bj hjcnbnj cjsÿln#oj, Joiltdoncndltis kd bj vnkj kd Oibbikn pj# rdodl oilrcjr dstj tdsns7 bj ordjonÿl dl :1;1kd ul kioucdlti bbjcjki ‒Nb Bjcpnild– !tadmdjoil." qud" oici jrcjmj Birdlznln" ‒nbucn#ljlki j tikis bis qud dstjmjl isonbjlki dl bjisournkjk–" jkdcês sd oilsnkdrjmj knsoãpubikd ul ‒jpjsniljki kd Cjzznln– ul prddcnldltdcjsÿl ntjbnjli y rdvibuoniljrni–,

Oibbikn tjcmnîl pudkd sdr dloiltrjkidl ul kioucdlti pumbnojki pir bj @rjl Bi`njkd Nl`bjtdrrj kilkd jpjrdodl cjsilds hjci#sis, Cjbdvibtn oiltnl÷j7

‒Ajy kis cjldrjs kd bddr ‒Bjs jvdlturjskd Unlioai–, Bj prncdrj ds bj qud yi kdlicnlj#rãj kd ‒prihjlj–" kilkd db bdotir" primjmbdcdl#td ul lnúi" jprdlkd dl mjsd j bis primbdcjs kdbcuúdoi kd cjkdrj, Bj sdùlkj ds ulj bdoturjkdskd ul pulti kd vnstj cjsÿlnoi" kilkd bissncmibnscis sil oicpbdtis" snl sustntunr j bj lj#rrjonÿl sncpbd y bntdrjrnj kd bis dvdltis,–

Birdlznln dsornmnÿ Unlioai kdspuîs kdulj bjr`j trjkuoonÿl kd tdxtis cãstnois ordjl#

ki ulj anstirnj ljrrjtnvj sncpbd qud pudkd sdr jprdonjkj pir bjs cjsjs pdri oil ul sdltnkiioubti rdsdrvjki j bis ‒sjmnis–

Jlêbnsns kd bj pdbãoubj

Dxnstdl cuoajs knhdrdlonjs dltrd db bnmrikd Oibbikn y bj pdbãoubj kd Knsldy, Db dlrdki sdsncpbnoÿ y Unlioai sd oilvnrtnÿ dl ul pdrsiljgdnliodltd y li dl db kdsjgustjki" tjncjki d nl#`rjti kdb bnmri irn`nljb, [ikis bis dbdcdltis sil

hulkjcdltjbds snl dcmjrì" j÷l prdsdltds dlbj jkjptjonÿl kd bj pdbãoubj" y db cdlsjgd sum#yjodltd li aj snki tiojki,

Bj ordjonÿl

Bj pdbãoubj oicndlzj oil @dpdti" uldsoubtir ntjbnjli" trjlshircjlki ul pdkjzi kdcjkdrj dl ul cuúdoi, Db kj jb cuúdoi ojrjo#tdrãstnojs aucjljs" pdri oiltnl÷j j sdr ul cu#

údoi snl vnkj,

@dpdti ds" dl ondrtj cjldrj" db Kdcnur #ì kd Ubjtÿl y kd bis `lÿstnois, Bj pjbjmrj‒Kdcnurì–" kd irn`dl `rndì" sd trjkuod bntdrjb#cdltd oici ‒hjmrnojltd" jrtdsjli i jrtãod–,Dl tîrcnlis bisÿois" db Kdcnurì ds db ‒Kniscdlir– kdb culki hãsnoi" bj dltnkjk qud ordjsdrds ncpdrhdotis qud sil dlvnjkis pjrj bjstrjcpjs kdb culki cjtdrnjb, Bj ojsj kd @dpd#ti dstê bbdlj kd rdbigds pir su ioni qud" oiciustdk kdmd kd sjmdr" sil usjkis pjrj cdknr dbtndcpi" ulj kd bjs `rjlkds bncntjonilds kdb pbj#li hãsnoi

‒Hudrj kdb pbdricj V?S hud nlknvnkujbnzjki db Kd#cnurì" db cirtjb nlcirtjb" j qundl lisitris kd#mdcis ludstrj dxnstdlonj hãsnoj y db suhrncndltiqud kdmdcis pjkdodr dl oildxnÿl oil dbbj– Cjlby U, Ajbb" dlsdújlzjs sdordtjs kd tikis bistndcpis

@dpdti ordj ulj jpjrndlonj pdrhdotj

pjrj bj cjrnildtj" pdri sd kj oudltj kd qudprdonsj jyukj kdb ‒@rjl Knis– pjrj kjr j Unli#oai bj oanspj knvnlj ldodsjrnj pjrj oilvdrtnr





sd dl ul lnúi ‒rdjb– i" dl tîrcnlis dsitîrnois"ul aicmrd nbucnljki, Dltilods ¹Zuî ds bi qudajod9 Unkd db kdsdi j ulj dstrdbbj, @dpdti pnkdjb @rjl Knis !@rjl Jrquntdoti pjrj bis cjsi#lds. qud nlhulkj j Unlioai jbì kd su dsdlonj

knvnlj,¹Uikrãj sdr bj dstrdbbj _nrnus" bj dstrdbbj jcã`drjkd bj cjsildrãj9

Db ‒Ajkj Jzub–" rdprdsdltj jb @rjl Knis"rêpnkjcdltd" kdsondlkd j bj [ndrrj pjrj kjr jUnlioai ul trionti kd bj Cdltd Tlnvdrsjb" db Liuskd bis `lÿstnois,

‒Hud jrcjki pir bis ornstnjlis `lÿstnois qud bj rdkdlonÿl kd bj aucjlnkjk hud jsdùrjkj pir cdkni kdb kdsodlkncndlti kdb Lius !Cdltd Tln#vdrsjb." qud hud ul `rjl sdr dspnrntujb supdrnir jbKdcnlurì qud" dltrjlki dl bj oilstntuonÿl kdbaicmrd" bd oilrnÿ bj nlcirtjbnkjk oilsondltd simrd db trjmjgi kdb kdcnurì…–

Db ajkj oilodkd jb Unlioai db kil kdbjvnkj y kdb bnmrd jbmdkrni, _nl dcmjrì" jul ds#tjlki vnvi ds li ds ul ‒lnúi kd vdrkjk–, Dl bjsdsoudbjs kd cnstdrni sd dlsdúj qud bj vnkj rdjbsibi sd nlnonj kdspuîs kd bj nbucnljonÿl, Jltds

kd dsi li sd ds ljkj" sn jojsi bdltj kdojkdl#onj, Oujlki Unlioai prdùltj ‒¹yi siy ul lnúikd vdrkjk9– bj rdspudstj kdb ajkj ds ‒Li Unli#oai" Uruîmdsd vjbndltd" vdrkjkdri y jbtrunstj yul kãj sdrê ul lnúi kd vdrkjk–

Dstd tdcj kd juti#oiljlzj y juti#pdrhdooniljcndlti ds kd hudrtd nlspnrjonÿl`lÿstnoj, Bjs dlsdújlzjs cjsÿlnojs knodl7 bjsjbvjonÿl dspnrntujb ds jbì qud tndld qud sdr cdrdonkj rdoirrndlki db ojcnli kd bj jutikns#

onpbnlj" jutioilioncndlti y hudrzj kd vibultjkhudrtd, Bis cjsilds sncmibnzjl dstd priodsi oilbj jbdìrãj kd ]iuà d db Jsabjr Udrhdoti,

‒Dl bj Cjsildrãj dspdoubjtnvj" ulj pndkrj mrutjds ulj jbdìrãj pjrj db cjsÿl li nlnonjki jl#tds kd su nbucnljonÿl, ‒Jsabjr J Udrhdot– ds uljjbdìrãj kd ul cjsÿl qud" j trjvîs kd bj dku#ojonÿl cjsÿlnoj" trjmjgj pjrj oilsdùnr uljvnkj kdodltd y sd dshudrzj knbn`dltdcdltd pjrjimtdldr bj nbucnljonÿl, Dl db @rjki kd Oicpj#

údri vdcis db usi kdb ]iuà y snbbjrds Udrhdotis,Bj bdoonÿl qud kdmd sdr jprdlknkj ds qud pir cdkni kd bj dkuojonÿl y bj jkqunsnonÿl kd oi#




?0]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

lioncndlti db aicmrd cdgirj db dstjki kd su sdr dspnrntujb y cirjb, Oici db aicmrd" ojkjpndkrj mrutj oicndlzj oici ulj pndkrj ncpdr#hdotj, Oil bj dkuojonÿl" bj oubturj y db jcir hrjtdrljb" db aicmrd ds cibkdjki oici ul sdr

qud sdrê guz`jki pir db oujkrjki kd bj vnrtuky onroulkjki pir db oicpês kd sus bãcntds" qud sil kjkis pir db Ordjkir– # Cjsilno Bik`d ihDkuojtnil

Kdb cnsci ciki qud bis cjsilds rdprd#sdltjl db priodsi kd nbucnljonÿl pir bj trjshir #cjonÿl kd ulj pndkrj mrutj dl ulj sujvd" Un#lioai oicndlzj su ojcnli oici ul pdkjzikd cjkdrj mrutj y priourjrê sujvnzjr sus mir #kds pjrj ljbcdltd oilvdrtnrsd dl ul lnúi kdvdrkjk, Ljkj" snl dcmjrì" sd bd dltrd`j, Tlpriodsi jbquãcnoi nltdrnir prdonsj tdldr bu`jr pjrj qud sdj kn`li kd bj nbucnljonÿl, [ndld qudjtrjvdsjr bj vnkj" buoajr oiltrj bjs tdltjonilds"y usjlki su oilsondlonj !dlojrljki pir Udpnti@rnbbi." dloiltrjr db ojcnli oirrdoti, Db prncdr pjsi ds nrj j bj dsoudbj !qud sncmibnzj db oili#oncndlti., Kdspuîs kd dbbi" bjs tdltjonilds kd bjvnkj rêpnkjcdltd sd oruzjl dl su ojcnli,

Bj tdltjonÿl kd bj hjcj y bj Hirtulj,

Dl db ojcnli ajonj bj dsoudbj" Unlioai sddloudltrj oil Hiubhdbbiw" db zirri !ul licmrdli cuy kd oiljlzj. y oil @nkdÿl" db `jti" qudbi jtrjdrêl ajonj db ojcnli hêonb kd bj hjcj7 db_aiw Mussnlds, J pdsjr kd bjs jkvdrtdlonjs kd suoilsondlonj !Udpnti `rnbbi." bj cjrnildtj snùd jbis pdrsiljgds isouris y ds vdlknki j _tricmi#bn" db pricitir kdb _aiw kd cjrnildtjs, Kurjltdsu ‒pdrhicjlod–" Unlioai sd hjcnbnjrnzj oil bisbjkis kdb ojcnli ‒hêonb–7 hjcj" hirtulj d nlobusicuúdois kd cugdrds ‒ojbndltds–" sdlsujbds,

Unlioai" snl dcmjrì" jprdlkd rêpnkjcdltd dbjbti prdoni kd dstd jpjrdltd îxnti7 îb li pudkdrd`rdsjr gusti j su pjkrd !db Ordjkir." db knld#ri qud db oilsnùd sibi snrvd pjrj dlrnqudodr j_tricmibn su ‒cjdstri–" y db vd db kdstnli qud bddspdrj oujlki sd aj`j vndgi

Ds ulj kdsornponÿl trnstd kdb ‒_aiw mussn#lds–" ¹vdrkjk9, Unlioai li ds cês qud ul hjl#tioad, Kdspuîs kd vdr bj vdrkjkdrj ljturjbdzj

kdb ojcnli ‒hêonb–" Unlioai kdsoumrd db bjcdl#tjmbd dstjki dl db qud sd dloudltrj" dlgjubjkioici ul jlncjb y j cdrodk kd ul tntnrntdti oudb,

Hud dl`jújki y vdlknÿ su jbcj,

Unlioai" dltilods" rdoupdrj su oils#ondlonj !Udpnti @rnbbi. d nltdltj dsojpjr, [ikj bjoilsondlonj mdln`lj kdb culki li ds qunîl kdpikdr sjbvjrbd" db `rnbbi li pudkd jmrnr bj odrrj#

kurj, Ljkj cdlis qud ulj nltdrvdlonÿl knvnljds ldodjrnj pjrj dbbi" pdri dsi li suodkd ajstj





qud oirrdoti îb ds y bd`jb" ajstj qud kdgj kdcdltnr" oil db ajkj !cdlsjgdri knvnli. y bi cêsncpirtjltd" oilsnì cnsci,

Bjs [dltjonilds

Kd vudbtj jb mudl ojcnli" Unlioai sddloudltrj itrj vdz oil Hiubhdbbiw" db zirri" qudbi oilkuod j ‒Ubdjsurd Nsbjlk–" ul bu`jr snl ds#oudbjs !oilioncndlti. ln bdyds !cirjb., Bis lnúispudkdl oicdr" mdmdr" hucjr" buoajr d kdstrunr biqud qundrjl" tiki mjgi bj cnrjkj jtdltj kd ulpdrsiljgd oil ojrj kd odrki,

Ubdjsurd Nsbjlk ds ulj cdtêhirj kd bj vnkjkdb prihjli" qud sd ojrjotdrnzj pir bj n`lirjl#onj kdb oilioncndlti cjsÿlnoi" bj m÷squdkjkd bj `rjtnojonÿl nlcdknjtj y bj sjtnshjoonÿlkd bis mjgis ncpubsis, Db ‒odrki– nlodltnvj dstdsoicpirtjcndltis" sjmndlki qud ds ul cîtikipdrhdoti pjrj ordjr dsobjvis, Bis oanois qud sddltrd`jl suondltd sd oilvndrtdl dl murris" dl#tilods sil dlvnjkis pir db ‒odrki– j trjmjgjr j

ulj cnlj, Itrj rdprdsdltjonÿl mjstjltd ld`j#tnvj" dstj vdz" kd bjs cjsjs n`lirjltds kdb cul#ki,

Unlioai oicndlzj j oilvdrtnrsd dl ulmurri, Dl tîrcnlis dsitîrnois" sd dloudltrj cêsodroj kd su bjki ‒cjtdrnjb–" pdrsilnojki pir dsd jlncjb tizuki qud kd su bjki ‒dspnrntujb–,

Dstj pjrtd kd bj anstirnj ds ulj rdhdrdlonj bntdrj#rnj j Jpubdyi pir su imrj ‒Bj cdtjcirhisns i db Jsli kd iri– ul trjmjgi obêsnoi dstuknjki dl bjsdsoudbjs kd cnstdrnis y tjcmnîl dl bj cjsildrãj

Bj cdtjcirhisns kdsornmd bjs jvdlturjs kd Bu#oni" qud ds tdltjki pir bjs cjrjvnbbjs kd bj cj#`nj" pir ojusj kd su biourj sd trjlshircj dl ulmurri, Dsti bd oilkdlj j ulj girljkj bjr`j ykurj kd bj oujb ds sjbvjki ljbcdltd pir Nsns y sd uld j su oubti cãstnoi, Bj anstirnj kd bj cdtj#cirhisns tndld cuoajs sdcdgjlzjs oil Unlioaipir su bãldj ljrrjtnvj" su jbdìrãj dspnrntujb y sutdcj kd nlnonjonÿl ioubtnstj,

Unlioai" ulj vdz rdoupdrjkj kd ludvisu oilsondlonj dsojpj kdbj prnsnÿl kd bj vnkjprihjlj y auyd kd Ubdjsurd Nsbjlk,

Bj Nlnonjonÿl

Unlioai rd`rdsj j ojsj gulti j su pjkrd"

pdri bj ojsj dstê vjoãj, Kdsoumrd qud @dpd#ti aj snki dlùbbnki pir ulj mjbbdlj `n`jltd,Db cuúdoi" snl pdrkdr tndcpi" sjbtj jb jùj ytjcmnîl ds dlùbbnki pir bj mjbbdlj j l kd dl#oiltrjrsd oil su ordjkir, Dstj ds su nlnonjonÿlljb" kilkd tndld qud aunr kd bj isournkjk kd bjn`lirjlonj kd bj vnkj !sncmibnzjkj pir db vndltrdkd bj mjbbdlj. y `jljr bj buz dspnrntujb,

Tlj vdz cês" Oibbikn" sd nlspnrÿ dl uljanstirnj obêsnoj kd nlnjonúil dspnrntujb7 db bnmri kd

Gilês kdb ornstnjlnsci" Nsbjcnsci y gukjãsci" yqud tjcmnîl sil bdnkis dl bjs dsoudbjs cãstnojs

‒Giljs ds db pdrsiljgd odltrjb kdb Bnmri kd Gi#lês, Irkdljki pir Knis qud joukj j bj onukjkkd Lnlnvd pjrj prihdtnzjr oiltrj dbbj ‒yj su cjb#kjk aj sumnki ajstj Cn–" Gilês nltdltj aunr kddbbi" ‒kd bj prdsdonj kdb _dúir– ydlki j Gjhhjy dl ul vdbdri ljvd`j ajonj [jrsns, _d bdvjltjulj `rjl tdcpdstjk y bis cjrnldris" pdronmndl#ki qud li ds oic÷l" doajl bjs ojrtjs y sd kjl

oudltj kd qud db oubpjmbd ds Gilês, Dstd bi jk#cntd y knod qud sn bi tnrêl jb cjr bj tdcpdstjkpjrjrê, Bis cjrnldris nltdltjl bbd`jr j bj oistj




?>]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

Gilês kdspuîs kd su ‒nlnonjonÿl– dspnrntujb

pdri jojmjl tnrjlki j Gilês pir bj mirkj qud"cnbj`risjcdltd" sd sjbvj jb sdr dlùbbnki pir ulpdz `n`jltd" dspdonjbcdltd dlvnjki pir Knis"kikld pjsj trds kãjs y trds lioads !Gilês :7:0.,Dl db sdùlki ojpãtubi" Gilês rdzj Knis dl su

jnoonÿl y sd oicpricdtd dl joonÿl kd `rj#onjs y oucpbnr bi qud pricdtnÿ, Knis irkdlj jbpdz qud bd bnmdrd,–

Cjlby U, Ajbb" dxpbnoj db sn`lnojki ioubti kdGiljs y bj mjbbdlj pjrj bis cãstnois,

‒Oujlki sd usj oici sãcmibi kdb cjb" db pdz rdprdsdltjmj bj [ndrrj !aicmrd nlhdrnr kd bj lj#turjbdzj. y bj tucmj !t÷cubi kd bis cnstdrnis., Jsã dstuvi trds kãjs Gilês dl db vndltrd kdb pdz‒`rjlkd–" kdb cnsci ciki qud Ornsti hud trdskãjs jb sdpubori, Xjrnis Ujkrds kdbj n`bdsnj prn#cntnvj ordãjl qud bj ‒Mjbbdlj– qud dlùbbÿ j Gilês drj db sãcmibi kd Knis Ujkrd qud" oujl#ki db nlhdbnz prihdtj hud bjlzjki jb cjr" jodptÿj Gilês dl su pripnj ljturjbdzj y bi bbdvÿ j ulbu`jr sdùri, Bj Anstirnj kd Gilês ds rdjbcdltdulj bdydlkj kd bj nlnonjonÿl kd bis cnstdrnis ybispdods ‒`rjlkds– rdprdsdltjl bj iournkjk kdbj n`lirjlonj qud dlvudbvd jb aicmrd oujlkids tnrjki hudrj kdb ljvãi !ljod. jb cjr !vnkj. Cjlby U, Ajbb" [ad _dordt [djoanl`s ih Jbb J`ds

Unlioai jtrjvdsÿ bjs knoubtjkds kd bj nln#onjonÿl y sjbnÿ kd bj isournkjk kd bj n`lirjlonj,Db dcdr`d kd bj tucmj" ‒rdsuontjki–" oici Gd#s÷s Ornsti, Db ds jairj ul lnúi ‒rdjb–" ul aicmrdnbucnljki" qud ricpnÿ bis ̀ rnbbdtds kd bj vnkj cj#tdrnjb pjrj jmrjzjr su ‒sdr supdrnir–, Udpnti `rnbbirdonmd ulj nlsn`lnj kd iri cjonzi kdb ajkj" biqud rdprdsdltj db trnulhi kdb priodsi jbquãcnoikd bj trjlshircjonÿl kd bj oilsondlonj kd Unli#oai" kd ul cdtjb mruti dl iri, Db ‒@rjl [rjmjgi–

hud tdrcnljki, ¹Zuî rdstj pir ajodr9 Tl `rupikd joirkdilds biois" ¡Dstj objri*

Oilobusnÿl

Kdskd db pulti kd vnstj kd ul nlnonjki" bjanstirnj kd Unlioai" dl vdz kd ulj sdrnd kd jvdl#turjs jbdjtirnjs nlhjltnbds" sd oilvndrtd dl uljjbdìrãj dspnrntujb prihulkjcdltd sncmÿbnoj,Kdtjbbds kd bj pdbãoubj qud sil jpjrdltdcdltdnlsn`lnojltds" kd rdpdltd rdvdbjl ulj ‒vdrkjk

dsitîrnoj– i" pir bi cdlis" ul oicdltjrni trd#cdlkjcdltd aildsti y sionjb, Nlspnrjki dl obê#snois kd bj cdtjhãsnoj oici ‒Bj cdtjcirhisns–


Gilês dcdr`d kd kdltri kd bj mjbbdlj oil bj pjbjmrj kd Knis



;5 ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

y ‒Gilês y bj Mjbbdlj–" db jutir kd bj anstirnj ds#ornmnÿ ul oudlti cikdrli kd nlnonjonÿl cãstnoj"bi oujb ds db jspdoti cês ncpirtjltd kd bj vnkjcjsÿlnoj,

Julqud bj kdbnkjk kd Pjbt Knsldy j bjCjsildrnj sndcprd hud oiltrivdrtnkj" bj dbdo#onÿl kd dstj anstirnj oici bj sdùlkj pdbãoubjkd jlncjonÿl ordjkj pir su dstukni ds cuy rd#vdbjkirj, Cuoais kdtjbbds sncmÿbnois jújknkisj bj pdbãoubj cjlndstjl ulj jbtj oicprdlsnÿlkdb sn`lnojki ioubti sumyjodltd dl db bnmri kdOibbikn, [dlndlki dl oudltj bjs nllucdrjmbdsrddknonilds kd Unlioai y su culki" ul îxnticulknjb" pikdcis kdonr qud db culki dltd#ri aj snki tdstnì kd su ojcnli ajonj bj nbucn#ljonÿl" pdri cuy piois ajl snki pbdljcdltdoilsondltds y oicprdlkdl bj vdrkjk ioubtjtrjs bj anstirnj,

Oibiojki dl oicpjrjonÿl oil itrisjrtãoubis kd dstd mbi`" qud rdvdbjl sn`lnojkismjstjltds snlndstris" bj anstirnj kd Unlioai ds uldgdcpbi kdb bjki cês limbd kd bjs dlsdújlzjsioubtnstjs, _d dshudrzj pir oilsdùnr ul lnvdbcês dbdvjki kd dspnrntujbnkjk j trjvîs kdb jutipdrhdooniljcndlti" qud ds ul tdcj ulnvdrsjb"dloiltrjki dl bj cjyirãj kd bjs rdbn`nilds, Un#

lioai oiltnl÷j sndlki tãpnojcdltd cjsÿlnoi yrdvdbj db hilki bisÿoi kd bis qud dstêl oil#tribjlki bis cdknis kd oiculnojonÿl kd bjscjsjs,

LI[J_

:,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 Ds ournisi pjrj cu#

oais qud tjlti Knsldy oici db jutir kd Unli#oai drjl cjsilds,

=,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 Ojrbis Birdlznln ljonÿdl Hbirdlonj" Ntjbnj" db =; kd livndcmrd kd :1=8y hjbbdonÿ db =8 kd iotumrd kd :1>5,

?,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 Db pbîricj" dbdcdltioic÷l j cuoajs kiotrnljs `lÿstnojs" sd kdldoici bj ulnkjk prncirknjb kd bj qud sur`dl dbrdsti kd dbdcdltis qud dxnstdl i" knoai kd itrj

hircj" bj pbdlntuk,

Uumbnojki dl bj Pdm7 Hnbais kd Anrjcwww,baiskdanrjl,mbi`spit,oic

_IM]D DB JT[I]

Db jutir ds cjdstri nlstjbjki y lis aj oi#culnojki qud jotujbcdltd sd dloudltrj dlsudúis pir bi qud sÿbi kdsdj qud sd ontd bj hudl#td kd su trjmjgi7 www,baiskdanrjl,mbi`spit,oic, Bi oujb qudkj adoai dl rdspdti" oicili pudkd sdr kd itri ciki" j su pdtnonÿl,




;:]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

Bnmris7 Bnmri kd dstnbi cjsÿlnoi

Jmrncis dstj sdoonÿl kd oicdltjrnis kdbnmris oil db Bnmri kd Dstnbi Cjsÿlnoi7 @uãj kd rdhdrdlonj prêotnoj pjrj bj «oirrdoonÿl¶ dl dbtrjmjgi cjsÿlnoi, Tl bnmri qud" pdrsiljbcdltd"dloudltri ÷tnb y dl jbùli pultis ldodsjrni dldb culki dl db qud vnvncis jotujbcdltd,

Bjs prncdrjs pê`nljs kdb bnmri sil simrdirti`rjhãj, Jbùndl pikrãj kdonr qud yj dxnstdlcuoais bnmris simrd irti`rjhãj" pdri yi vndlkibj ojltnkjk kd vdods qud bj `dltd oicndlzjsus oirrdis oil bj hÿrcubj «Zudrnki Adrcjli"¶ordi qud luloj dstê kd cês kjrbd ul rdpjsij kdtdrcnljkjs oudstnilds, Tli sndcprd dstê jtndcpi kd jprdlkdr jbì ludvi,

Db bnmri nlobuyd" jkdcês" oudstnilds qudsdrêl kd `rjl utnbnkjk li sÿbi pjrj ul rdonîl bbd#`jki j bj irkdl !qud rdjbcdltd bi sdrêl. snlitjcmnîl pjrj jqudbbis cês vdtdrjlis qud qund#rjl rdsibvdr kukjs !jmrdvnjturjs" oudstnilds rd#bjtnvjs j bjs knhdrdlonjs kd dstnbi dltrd rntis" dto.,

_nl dcmjrì ajy itrjs oudstnilds dl bjsqud # j cn dltdlkdr# sd prihulknzj kd hircjnlldodsjrnj6 li sî sn pir oudstnÿl kd cjlnhds#tjonÿl kd bjs prdhdrdlonjs kdb jutir i pir ld#odsnkjkds kd dspjoni" oici sil bjs tnpi`rjhãjscjsÿlnojs y bis kioucdltis anstÿrnois cjsÿln#ois" bis oujbds sn mndl sil ulj rdhdrdlonj nltdrd#sjltd li jojmjl kd sdr cjtdrnjb kd nlobusnÿl dlul bnmri kd dstnbi,

Uir itri bjki" y snl qudrdr rdvdbjr ljkj"

ln tdldr nltdlonÿl kd kdlistjr db trjmjgi qud ajrdjbnzjki db jutir" bj pjrtd kdknojkj jb jbhjmî#tnoi cjsÿlnoi tndld `rjlkds ojrdlonjs bjs ouj#

bds sil knhãonbds kd oicprdlkdr kjki db dshudrziqud sd aj kdknojki dl trjmjgi y dspjoni j itrjsoudstnilds qud sil cuoai cês joodsirnjs j ulbnmri kd dstnbi, Li viy j dltrjr jquã j kdsormnr dsjs ojrdlonjs" jbùljs kd dbbjs hulkjcdltjbds"sncpbdcdltd pripilì ul dgdrononi7 Kdsonhrjr bjs nlsornponilds qud dstêl dl jbhjmdti cjsÿln#oi dl bis tjmbdris kd tdrodr `rjki" y li sÿbi dlbis kd Ajrrns snli dl oujbqundr itri rdjbnzjki kdhircj cjsÿlnojcdltd oirrdotj, Xdrdcis qudbi qud kdsonhrjcis sd`÷l bi kdsornti dl dstd bn#mri li sd jgustj j bi qud kdmdrãj sn`lnojr,

Udri" dsti li bd quntj cîrnti yj qud biqud knod ds oirrdoti" sncpbdcdltd sd aj qud#kjki oirti dl ul tdcj qud ldodsntjmj ul cj#yir kdsjrribbi,,, pdsd j qud aiy dl kãj oudstni#lds oici db onhrjki cjsÿlnoi li sdjl kd usicuy oic÷l,

Dl rdsucdl7¹Ds ul bnmri ÷tnb9 _ã,¹[ndld oicpildltds kd Bnmri kd dstnbi9 _ã,

¹Ds ul bnmri kd dstnbi9 Li dxjotjcdltd, [ndldpjrtd kd bnmri kd dstnbi cdzobjkjs oil oudstni#lds nlhircjtnvjs i" j vdods" oudstnilds qud silcês ournisnkjkds qud utnbnkjkds,¹Cdrdod bj pdlj oicprjrbi9 î ordi qud sã, Dscês" ordi qud tikis bis jprdlknods kdmdrãjltdldr ul dgdcpbjr kdb cnsci pir bj ojltnkjk kdnlhircjonÿl qud oiltndld,

Jutir7 Z,°,A,°, @jl`bdrn,

Dkntirnjb7 Cjsÿlnoj,ds



;= ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

Db adoai

‒Db l÷cdri kis ds ul l÷cdri tdrrnmbd" dbl÷cdri hjtãknoi, Ds db sãcmibi kd bis oiltrjrnisy" pir bi tjlti" kd bj kukj" kdb kdsdqunbnmrni y kdbj oiltrjknoonÿl,

Ujrj kdcistrjr dsi vjcis j dcpbdjr dloilordti ulj kd bjs sndtds ondlonjs cjsÿlnojs7bj Jrntcîtnoj" qud lis knod qud = & = 3 = x =

Ajstj dl bj Cjtdcêtnoj prikuod oilhusnÿl dbl÷cdri kis" pirqud jb vdr db l÷cdri oujtri sdlis pbjltdj bj kukj kd sn dsd rdsubtjki ds oic#mnljonÿl kd kis l÷cdris kis pir cdkni kd bj sucj i kd bj cubtnpbnojonÿl" bi oujb li suodkdoil lnl`÷l itri l÷cdri…Uir dsti" dl bj Jltn#`òdkjk" rdprdsdltjmj jb Dldcnì" sãcmibi kdbj Kukj" oujlki lis jsjbtj db dspãrntu–

Db tdxti supdrnir aj snki dxtrjãki kdb ‒Cj#lujb kd nlstruoonilds ‟ @rjki : ‟ Zunltj Nltruo#onÿl, Bj sncmibi`ãj kd bis l÷cdris ‟ @rjl Bi`njkd @ujljmjrj ‟ ]ni kd Gjldnri" @M :>8; # Mrjsnb–!dl bj jotujbnkjk" db tdxti" ul pioi ciknojki"hircj pjrtd kd bj _îptncj Nlstruoonÿl qud cjl#tndld bj dsdlonj kd bj dlsdújlzj,

Oilobusnilds

_d`÷l Hrjlonsoi Xjbkicnri Birdlz dl subnmri ‒Ojmjbj7 j trjknàïi dsitîrnoj ki ionkdl#td:8V=S,– !rdh, :., ‒Bj ulnkjk ds bj prncdrj ojusj"db prnlonpni ordjkir kd bis l÷cdris6 ds db pul#

ti kdb oujb sd `dldrjl bjs bãldjs, _ndlki uli" bjTlnkjk li pudkd prikuonr6 pjrj dbbi ds ldodsj#

rni qud sd ipil`j j sã cnsci" qud sd kdskimbd7jsã sd imtndld db kis" db l÷cdri mnljrni, Tli dsjotnvi" kis ds pjsnvi, Tli ds Knis" kis ds bj Lj#turjbdzj, Tli ds db aicmrd" kis ds bj cugdr, Tlids db _dr" kis ds db rddgi, Tli ds bj dldr`ãj jm# sibutj" kis ds bj ipisnonÿl" bj knvnsnÿl–‒Kis li dxnstd pir sn sibi6 ds db rddgi kd bj uln#kjk, Uir dsi bj ljturjbdzj ds db rddgi kd Knis" ybj cugdr ds db ]ddgi kdb aicmrd…–

_d`÷l Bnlkj @iikcjl dl su imrj ‒Isoÿknìs sdordtis ki ulnvdrsi sn`lis dstdbjrds–!rdh, =., °Db l÷cdri uli vnmrj oil db _ib, ]dprd# sdltj bj ordjtnvnkjk" pritdoonÿl y mdldvibdl#

Cjtdcêtnoj dl bj Cjsildrãj # Db l· =7 Bj knsoirknj

Dstncjkis bdotirds" oicdlzjcis jquã ulj ludvj sdoonÿl `rjonjs j bj nldstncj#

mbd oibjmirjonÿl kdb X,°, A,°, Jqunbnli ], Bdjb, Bj adcis kdlicnljki ‒Cjtdcêtnojdl bj Cjsildrãj– puds sd tiojrjl tdcjs oici db kd dstd cnsci jrtãoubi" db l÷cdriUan" bj sdrnd kd Hnmiljoon" dto, J`rjkdodr jb X,°, A,°, su kdknojonÿl y trjmjgis y dspd#

rjcis qud is ùstd bj ludvj sdoonÿl,

Db l· =" bj knsoirknj V:S

Uir db X,°, A,°, Jqunbnli ], Bdjb

[rjkuonki kdb Uirtuùîs kdb Mrjsnb pir7 X,°,A,°, Cjrni Bÿpdz



;?]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj


onj, Ds db l÷cdri kd bj joonÿl irn`nljb" bj mjsdkd nlnoni kd tikis bis kdcês l÷cdris… Db l÷#cdri kis vnmrj oil bj Bulj, ]dprdsdltj bj ncj#`nljonÿl" priordjonÿl y sdlsnmnbnkjk, Db l÷cdrikis ds db l÷cdri kd bj oilodponÿl" pjrnkjk y

sudúis,,

[jlti dl bj prncdrj oici dl bj sdùlkjrdhdrdlonjs li sd dloiltrjril nlknonis kd qud dbl÷cdri kis sdj hjtãknoi kd joudrki j bi qud sdknod dl db ‒]ntujb ki Jprdlknz Cjàic" @rju N–!rdh,4.6 j li sdr qud db jltjìlnsci" bj kujbnkjki bj ipisnonÿl kd bj oujb sd aj ajmbjki bi sdj,

Ajstj dl bj ulnkjk aucjlj sd pdronmd bjkujbnkjk" sd pdronmd db kis6 dxobuydlki bj ljrnzoil sus kis hisjs ljsjbds" bj mioj" db icmbnì ydb hjbi oil su pjr kd `bêlkubjs6 db rdsti dstê dlkimbd" nlobusi pjrtd kd bis ÿr`jlis nltdrlis silkimbds, Db kis sndcprd prdsdltd y ipdrjtnvi, ¹Dshjtãknoi i tdrrnmbd pisddr kis pubcilds9 ¹Kis rn#úilds9 ¹Kis mrjzis9 ¹Dl kÿlkd sd ipildl9 Uir bi oiltrjrni…¡sd oicpbdcdltjl* ¡[drrnmbd sdrãjqud lis hjbtjrj oujbqundrj kd jbùli kd dstisÿr`jlis kimbds*

¹Kÿlkd sd dloudltrj db kdsdqunbnmrni dldb l÷cdri kis9 [iki bi oiltrjrni" îb dstjmbdod db

dqunbnmrni" îb ds uli kd bis pbjtis kd bj mjbjlzjkd bj vnkj,

Ujrj bis ojmjbnstjs" oici Hrjlonsoi Xjb#kicnri Birdlz !rdh, :." bj prncdrj bdtrj kdb jbhj#mdti admrdi" jbdpa !j." ouyi vjbir lucîrnoi ds:" sncmibnzj bj nkdj kdb aicmrd6 yj bj sdùlkjbdtrj" mdta !m." kd vjbir lucîrnoi =" sd jsionj jbj nkdj kd cirjkj…¹kÿlkd dstê bj kukj9 ¹Dlkÿlkd bj OêmjbjV?S knod qud db kis ds ldhjsti9

Dbnpajs Bdvn dl su imrj ‒Ki`cj d rntujbkd jbtj cj`nj– !rdh, ?. oirrimirj bi cnsci ‒j dsdb aicmrd" m ds bj cugdr6 : ds db prnlonpni" = ds dbvdrmi6 J ds bi jotnvi" M ds bi pjsnvi6 bj ulnkjk dsMijz6 db mnljrni ds G…Dsjs kis oibucljs dxpbn#ojl dl bj Oêmjbj tikis bis cnstdrnis kdb jltjì#lnsci" yj sdj ljturjb" yj sdj pibntnoi" yj sdj rdbn#`nisi" dxpbnojl bj buoaj ̀ dldrjkirj kdb aicmrdy kd bj cugdr pirqud" kd joudrki oil bj bdy kdbj ljturjbdzj" bj cugdr kdmd rdsnstnr jb aicmrd ydstd kdmd jtrjdrbj i sicdtdrbj–

¹Kÿlkd oilkdlj bj Oêmjbj jb kis9Dstê objri qud bj Oêmjbj dlsdújkj pir

Dlioa jb Ujtrnjroj Jmrjajc" pir dstd j sus angisy lndtis" ajstj bis bnmris kd Cinsîs" li pikrãj aj#mdr bbd`jki ajstj ludstris kãjs oil sdcdgjltdnloiadrdlonj,

J÷l dl db bnmri kd Dbnpajs Bdvn ! rdh, ?." pi#

kdcis bddr7 ‒Db prnlonpni jotnvi musoj db prnlon#pni pjsnvi" bi bbdli ds jcjltd kd bi vjoãi…–‒Bj ncpirtjlonj kdb kis sd cjlndstj jb jsionjr j prncdr aicmrd" Jkêl" ̀ dldrjkir kd bj hudltdkd bj vnkj cjlnhdstjkj dl bj cirjkj !Kdpisnti.m6 ds kdonr" Dvj–

Db jbhjmdti admrdi" ojsujbcdltd !9*. dstêhircjki pir == bdtrjs…¡dxjotjcdltd kis" kis*^ qud sd rdkuodl j oujtri ¹Kÿlkd dstê db dld#cnì9

Bj nùjbkjk = & = 3 = x =" dxpjlsnmbd j trdsnùjbkjkds oici = &= 3 = x = 3 ==" qud jucdl#tj cês bjs oinlonkdlonjs cjtdcêtnojs" li sdpudkd usjr pjrj kdlnr db l÷cdriV;S kis oicitdrrnmbd" hjtãknoi i nlobusi rdspilsjmnbnzjrbi kdoujbqundr dspdond kd oilhusnÿl oici knod db ]n#tujb kdb jprdlknz ! rdh, 4., Dstj hdbnz oinlonkdlonjcjtdcêtnoj" jb oiltrjrni" ajod qud db kis sdjdspdonjb" puds sibi dstd l÷cdri pisdd bjs trdsnùjbkjkds, _d oilvndrtd kd dstj cjldrj dl ul

l÷cdri dxtrdcjkjcdltd dspdonjb" ul l÷cdripjrj sdr nkibjtrjki6 nlobusi pir db kis ds ¡db ÷ln#oi l÷cdri pjr qud ds l÷cdri prnci*V4S



;; ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

Db odri" tjcmnîl prdsdltj ojrjotdrãstnojssncnbjrds jb l÷cdri kis" ds kdonr" 5 & 5 3 5 x 5,Oiltrjrnjlki kd dstd ciki jb ]ntujb, ¹_drê quddb odri tjcmnîl ds hjtãknoi9 ¹Tl l÷cdri orudb

oici db kis9

¹Jbì cês qud jújknr9

]dhdrdlonjs Mnmbni`rêojs:, Birdzl" Hrjlonsoi Xjbkicnri, Ojmjbj7 j trj#knàïi dsitîrnoj ki ionkdltd, _ïi Ujubi7 Udlsj#cdlti" :>80,=, @iikcjl" Bnlkj, Is oÿknìs sdordtis ki uln#vdrsi sn`lis dstdbjrds, ]ni kd Gjldnri7 ]doirk":>10,?, Bdvn" Dbnpajs" Ki`cj d rntujb kd jbtj cj`nj,_ïi Ujubi7 Udlsjcdlti" :>>0,;, JCI]O, I ulnvdrsi kis l÷cdris, Ujrjlê7 Ir #kdc ]isjoruz" :>1?,4, @BCD]G, ]ntujb ki Jprdlknz Cjàic" @rju N"],°,D,°,J,°,J,°, ]ni kd Gjldnri7 @BCD]G" :>>4,

‒Ds ldodsjrni tdldr kukjs, _ÿbi bis dst÷pnkis tnd#ldl ulj oiljlzj jmsibutj dl sã cnscis– !Ir #sil Pdbbds.,

‒Ujrj ajodr vnsnmbd bj buz" Knis sibjcdltd supusi

bj sicmrj, Ujrj cjlnhdstjr bj vdrkjk" anzi pisn#mbd bj kukj, Bj sicmrj ds bj rdpubsnÿl kd bj buz ybj pisnmnbnkjk kdb drrir ds ldodsjrnj pjrj bj cj#lnhdstjonÿl tdcpirjb kd bj vdrkjk– !Dbnpajs Bdvn.

‒Bj Cjsildrãj li ncpild lnl`÷l bãcntd j bj bnmrdnlvdstn`jonÿl kd bj vdrkjk y ds" pjrj `jrjltnzjr j tjikis dstj bnmdrtjk" qud dbbj dxn`d j tikisbj cjyir tibdrjlonj… Bj Cjsildrãj tndld pir loicmjtnr bj n`lirjlonj dl tikjs sus cjlnhdstj#onilds…– !]ntujb kdb Jprdlknz Cjsÿl ‟ @BDCD]G

‟ ],°, D,°, J,°, J,°, 6:>>4 # Mrjsnb.

_nùndltd dltrd`j7L×CD]I_ ‑CN_[D]NI_I_„7 UN" UAN ^ BJ _D]ND KD HN#MILJOON

_imrd db jutir

Db X,°,A,°, Jqunbnli ], Bdjb ds irnulki kd Dspjúj

!Wjcirj." pdri rdsnkd dl Mrjsnb !Bncj Kujrtd # Cn#ljs @drjns. kdskd knondcmrd kd :>4=,Nl`dlndri dbdotrnonstj y prihdsir ulnvdrsntjrni" sddloudltrj gumnbjki,

Hud nlnonjki dl bj Cjsildrãj db 5? kd _dptndc#mrd kd :>08" dbdvjki jb `rjki oicpjúdri db =1kd Jmrnb kd:>01 y dxjbtjki j Cjdstri db =? kdCjrzi kd :>0>,Db 54 kd Gubni kd :>11 ioupÿ db ojrì kd Xdld#rjmbd Cjdstri,

Db X,°, A,°, Jqunbnli ], Bdjb hud hulkjkir kd bjsbi`njs _dptdc Hrjtdrns >4 !]ãi kd Gjldnri. db:5)51):>1? y _tjlnsbjs kd @ujntj :84 !]ãi kd Gj#ldnri. db =5)58)=558, Jcmjs trjmjgjlki dl db]DJJ

Uudkdl oiltjotjrbd pir cdkni kd su d#cjnb7jqunbnlibdjbEr0,oic

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:,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 Tlnÿl kd jrtãoubisjpjrdonkis dl bis l÷cdris :8>":05 y :0; kd bjpumbnojonÿl Hibaj Cjàûlnoj" pumbnojkis dl Kn#ondcmrd kd =551 y Dldri kd =55>, !attp7))hibaj#cjoilnojE`cjnb,oic.

=,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 Dl bjs rdhdrdlonjs mn#mbni`rêojs ad iptjki pir cjltdldr db tntubiirn`nljb mrjsnbdúi,

?,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 [jcmnîl sd dsornmdZjmmjbja !rdh, :.,

;,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 Ujrdod cês oirrdotijbìrntci i kã`nti,

4,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 Urdsdltj jpdljs kisknvnsirds7 db pripni y bj ulnkjk,




;4]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

«_n#¶ li ds dl dstd ojsi jrcjtnvi ln ds uloilknoniljb snli bjs kis prncdrjs bdtrjs kd ulisoilodptis qud kdldl jspdotis prncirknjbdskd bj Cjsildrãj7 _nlorîtnoj" _nltîtnoj y _ncmÿbn#oj,

Db _nlordtnsci Cjsÿlnoi ds dlircd" pdritjcmnîl dlircdcdltd kdsoilionki pir cu#oais kd bis Adrcjlis, ¹Kd oujltjs trjknonildsajl mdmnki bis rntis cjsÿlnois9" ¹j ouêltjshudltds pikrãjcis jouknr dl musoj kd bi qudlis aj adoai bi qud sicis9, Urihulknzjr dldsjs oudstnilds ds #i kdmdrãj sdr# hulkjcdl#tjb" snl dcmjrì tjcpioi kdmdcis ojdr dlbj tdltjonÿl kd musojr dl oujbqundr dbdcdltikd ludstris rntis dxpbnojonilds i sn`lnojkis ds#oilknkis, Db dqunbnmrni ds" oici ds ajmntujb dl

Cjsildrãj" bi nkdjb, Uir qud dl dstd jrtãoubi lisd jrcj qud bj cjsildrãj sdj ulj bisihãj dsi#tîrnoj" tjcpioi sd jrcj qud bj cjsildrãj sdjadrdkdrj knrdotj kd jltnùjs trjknonilds, Biqud sd jrcj dl dstj pjrtd kdb trjmjgi ds qud bjjpirtjonÿl kd dstuknisis kd ondrtjs oirrndltdsbisÿojs y dsitîrnojs aj oiltrnmunki j oilhir #cjr bj cjsildrãj tjb y oici bj oiliodcis aiydl kãj,

Bj oudstnÿl ds qud ds nlld`jmbd bj nl#udlonj kd kdtdrcnljkjs oirrndltds kd pdlsj#

cndlti" bisÿojs i ioubtjs dl bj Cjsildrãj" snmndl cês dl jbùlis rntis qud dl itris,

Db dgdcpbi qud pudkd sdr cês dvnkdltdpjrj tikis ds db kd «XN[]NIB¶ !Xnsntj Nltdrnirj [d#rrjd ]dotnojlki Nlvdlnds Iooubtuc Bjpnkdc.6bdcj jbquãcnoi kdb qud #pjrj cn sirprdsj# uljdlircd ojltnkjk kd AA,°, kdsoiliod db sn`ln#ojkiV:S, Ds cês" pjrj jbùlis kd dbbis ds nlkns#outnmbd qud sd trjtj kd ul bdcj purjcdltd cj#sÿlnoi" bi oujb ds ul trdcdlki drrir, Udri qud dbirn`dl kdb bdcj sdj jbquãcnoi li ncpbnoj qud bj

cjsildrãj sdj ulj bisihãj jbquãcnoj, [iki biqud ncpbnoj XN[]NIB y su dsouki `rêoi li pud#kd sdr jpbnojki j bj cjsildrãj" kd dstd ciki

XN[]NIB pndrkd su ojrêotdr purjcdltd jbquãcn#oi pjrj jkqunrnr ul ludvi sn`lnojki jpbnojkij ludstrj bisihãj cjsÿlnoj,,, db trjmjgi kd bjpndkrj mrutj qud ùjrkj dl su nltdrnir ulj pnd#krj pdrhdotj,

Kurjltd jb`÷l tndcpi dstjmj sirprdl#knki kd bj `rjl ojltnkjk kd oilodptis jbquã #cnois" pir pildr ul dgdcpbi" qud ajmãj dl db],°,D,°,J,°,J,°,, Udri sn nlvdstn`jcis jb rdspdotivdcis bj rdbjonÿl dltrd Dbnjs Jsacibd y db rnti,Ujrj qundl li bi sdpj" Dbnjs Jsacibd drj jltn#oujrni !qud ds bi qud sudbd pildrsd dl db >>$kd sus mni`rjhãjs." jbquncnstj" risjoruz y db `rjlrdoupdrjkir kd bis dsorntis ioubtis kd Gial Kdd!j bj sjzÿl db ÷btnci rdvnsir kdb [rnvnuc y db Zuj#krnvnuc., ¹Jbùndl pudkd orddr rdjbcdltd qud

li ajyj nltrikuonki jspdotis kd sus itrjs jotn#vnkjkds dl db rnti9,¹^ quî kdonr kdb ],°,D,°,],°,9 Dstjlki dl

sus irã`dlds Gdjl Mjptnstd kd Pnbbdrciz y Cjr #tãldz kd Ujsqujbby !sndlki dstd ÷btnci uli kdbis pjkrds kdb Cjrtnlnsci. sil nlld`jmbds bjs nl#udlonjs «cãstnojs¶ dl dstd rnti,

Jb cnsci tndcpi" tjcmnîl ds nlld`jmbdbj nludlonj qud ajl tdlnki bis cjsilds simrditrjs ir`jlnzjonilds cãstnojs i bisÿojs7 Pn#bbnjc ]imdrt Piikcjl" Pnbbnjc Pyll Pdstoitty _jcudb Bnkkbdb Cjo@rdìr Cjtadrs" bis trdshulkjkirds kd bj Irkdl Adrcîtnoj kd @ibkdlKjwl drjl cjsildsV=S, Nsrjdb ]d`jrknd ‟uli kdbis jutirds dsitîrnois cês rdoilionkis# drj cj#sÿl" Ujub Histdr Ojsd !hulkjkir kd Munbkdrs ihtad Jkytuc y jutir kdb cj`lãoi trjmjgi «Bjbdtrj @ cjsÿlnoj¶. drj cjsÿl" Jbdnstdr Oriwbdy!rd#hulkjkir kd bj Irki [dcpbn Irndltns. drj cj#sÿl" d nlobusi ojmdzjs jotujbds kd dsjs u itrjsÿrkdlds sil cjsilds kd jbti `rjki !Bil CnbiKuqudttd" pir dgdcpbi" ds `rjki ?= kdb ]DJJ y

ulj kd bjs ojmdzjs kdb Ojbnhjti kd bj I,[,I," yGdjl#Biuns kd Mnjsn ‟@rjl Cjdstri kd bj Juruc_ibns# ds tjcmnîl `rjki ?= kdb ]DJJ y cndcmri

Bj utnbnkjk kdb sncmibnsci cjsÿlnoi

Bj utnbnkjk

kdb sncmibnsci cjsÿlnoiUir db Z,°,A,°, @jl`bdrn




kdb Jroi ]djb., Dstj bnstj !qud knstj cuoai kdsdr oicpbdtj y dxajustnvj. kd cjsilds pikrãjoicpbdtjrsd tjcmnîl oil bis licmrds kd ull÷cdri ncpirtjltd kd AA,°, cjsilds «jlÿln#cis¶ qud sil cndcmris kd ir`jlnzjonilds risj#

oruods" cjrtnlnstjs u itrjs cês dsitîrnojs,

[iki dsti lis nlknoj qud bis cîtikis kdkdsjrribbi pdrsiljb cjsÿlnoi y db kd dstjs itrjsdsoudbjs u ÿrkdlds" sn mndl sil knstnltis" li sÿbisil oicpbdcdltjrnis snli qud j trjvîs kd suscndcmris sd nluydl cutujcdltd,

Bj cjsildrãj tjcmnîl ds snltîtnoj, Lincpirtj qud nludlonjs tdl`jl bis rntis y kiou#cdltis cjsÿlnois dsdlonjbds" li sdrãj ÷tnb" kds#kd db pulti kd vnstj kd bj hircjonÿl mêsnoj kdbcjsÿl" ajodr rdhdrdlonj j tikis bis oilodptisqud kjl irn`dl j bis oilodptis cjsÿlnois, Lisÿbi li ds ÷tnb pir bj `rjl ojltnkjk kd nlhircj#onÿl qud tdlkrãj qud jsucnr ul jprdlknz rdonîldltrjki" snli qud tjcpioi sdrãj ÷tnb pirqudpikrãj bbdvjr j drrir j cuoais AA,°, ajonîlki#bds pdlsjr qud dstêl dltrjlki dl ul snstdcj kdkdsjrribbi pdrsiljb knstnlti jb qud rdjbcdltd rd#prdsdltj bj cjsildrãj,

Bbd`jcis pir bi tjlti jb jspdoti _ncmÿ#

bnoi kd bj cjsildrãj, Db sãcmibi ds" kdskd sndc#prd" db cdgir cîtiki pjrj rdprdsdltjr ulj nkdj"kdskd bjs cês culkjljs j bjs cês oicpbdgjs, Dbsãcmibi pir sn cnsci li ds ljkj" pudkd sdr jbìcês i cdlis dstîtnoi pdri ojrdod kd prihulkn#kjk" ds db oilioncndlti kd bis qud ajy kdtrêskdb sãcmibi y dl db oiltdxti dl db qud sd prdsdl#tj bi qud bi kitj kd sn`lnojki, Dsti ds7 li sÿbids ncpirtjltd db sãcmibi snli kilkd y oici sdrdprdsdltj, Jsã" pir pildr ul dgdcpbi culkj#li" db oilionki sãcmibi kd ulj pdrsilj qundtj"

sntujki dl bj pudrtj kd ulis mjúis lis nlknojqud ds db mjúi kd bis aicmrds" pdri oujlkibi sntujcis dl ul sdcêhiri !julqud li tdl`joibir. lis ajod dltdlkdr qud kdmdcis pdr #cjldodr pjrjkis cndltrjs sd cjltdl`j vnsnmbd,Db oicpês y bj dsoujkrj #vibvndlki j bis dgdc#pbis cjsÿlnois# li sn`lnojl bi cnsci ticjkisoici adrrjcndltjs nlknvnkujbds qud oujlki sdsnt÷jl gultis oici kis kd bjs trds `rjlkds buods,

Jairj mndl" ¹quî oilioncndlti kdb sãc#

mibi y simrd db sãcmibi ds ldodsjrni pjrj db cj#sÿl9 Uir supudsti qud sd pudkd sdr ul mudlcjsÿl oiliondlki ÷lnojcdltd qud oujlki bj

dsoujkrj y db oicpês dstêl gultis sncmibnzjl bjtndrrj y db ondbi" pdri,,, ¹dstê cn hircjonÿl cjsÿ#lnoj oicpbdtj sn n`liri kd kilkd privndld dsjnkdltnojonÿl sncmÿbnoj9 Ds cês" ¹sd vd cdrcj#kj cn ojpjonkjk pjrj nlstrunr j huturis cjsilds

sn ojrdzoi kd knoais oilioncndltis9,Bj nlstruoonÿl !yj sdj cjsÿlnoi i prihj#

lj. cdknjltd sãcmibis pudkd bbd`jr j sdr cuydhdotnvj sn sd oilsnùd bj nltdrnirnzjonÿl kd kn#oais sãcmibis y ihrdod #dl bi qud jb cîtikicjsÿlnoi rdspdoti# ulj `rjl vdltjgj simrd bjcdrj nlstruoonÿl nltdbdotujb, Cd dxpbnoi7 Bj nls#truoonÿl cjsÿlnoj dstê kdstnljkj j pripironi#ljr jb nlknvnkui bjs adrrjcndltjs" ul cîtiki"ulj hircj kd trjmjgi pjrj su pripni kdsjrribbi"pjrj su cdgirj nltdrlj, Ujrj dstd tnpi kd ouds#

tnilds bj cdrj dxpisnonÿl nltdbdotujb kd oil#odptis li oucpbd titjbcdltd su hulonÿl yj qudknoaj dxpisnonÿl sd vd cdknjtnzjkj tjlti pir bjs nkdjs kd qundl bj rdjbnzj oici kd qundl bjrdonmd" y jkdcês bj nkdj qud sd dxprdsj kd dsdciki ds gj,

Db usi kd sãcmibis tndld bj vdltjgj kdqud bj nltdrnirnzjonÿl ds pdrsiljb, Jb pripironi#ljr db sãcmibi oil sus sn`lnojkis mêsnois ds#tjcis kjlki jb rdodptir bj pisnmnbnkjk kd ulj

rddxnÿl jmndrtj simrd db cnsci" y sn jkdcês bdihrdodcis bj nlhircjonÿl simrd bis irã`dlds d


_jcudb Bnkkbdb Cjo@rdìr Cjtadrs



;0]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

nludlonjs simrd bj ordjonÿl kdb sãcmibi cjsÿ#lnoi bd dstjcis pripironiljlki bj iponÿl kdrdjbnzjr ul dstukni pripni simrd db sãcmibi y sussn`lnojkis, Jsã" ordj ulj sdrnd kd rdbjonilds dlsu nltdrnir qud dstjrêl prdsdltds dl su cdltd

#oilsondltd i nloilsondltd sd`÷l db cicdl#ti# sndcprd qud bi vdj, Bj nltdrnirnzjonÿl ds" pir tjlti" cuoai cês prihulkj,

Bj snùndltd oudstnÿl j dxjcnljr ds bjcjyir i cdlir rdbdvjlonj kd bis sãcmibis y bjnlstruoonÿl simrd bis cnscis dl bis knstnltis ci#cdltis kd bj hircjonÿl cjsÿlnoj,

Db prncdr dltirli dl db qud sd dloudltrjul cjsÿl ds dl db kdlicnljki kd ‒bi`nj snc#mÿbnoj–, Dstd dltirli ds" rdjbcdltd" db dltirlicjsÿlnoi dl sã cnsci" kilkd sd kdsjrribbjl bishulkjcdltis kd bj cjsildrãj, Dl db prncdr `rj#ki" db kd jprdlknz" ds kilkd sd kdmd rdonmnr bjcjyir nlstruoonÿl simrd sncmibnsci cjsÿlnoiyj qud dsis oilioncndltis sdrêl bis oncndltiskd bj nlstruoonÿl qud sd rdjbnzjrê dl `rjkis pis#tdrnirds, Oujbqundr kdhdoti" kdgjkdz u icnsnÿldl bj nlstruoonÿl dl dstd `rjki oilbbdvjrê qudsd jrrjstrd ulj cjbj hircjonÿl dl `rjkis pis#tdrnirds qud sibi pikrê sdr sumsjljkj oil uldshudrzi supbdcdltjrni, Budì vndldl bis ̀ rjkis

kd Oicpjúdri !uli kd bis cês nlgustjcdltdtrjtjkis dl bi qud j nlstruoonÿl sd rddrd. y dbkd Cjdstri, Dl db `rjki kd Cjdstri sd supildjb cjsÿl oicpbdtjcdltd hircjki dl bi qudbis `rjkis prncdri !jprdlknz. y sdùlki !oic#pjúdri. sd rddrd" tdlndlki qud kdknojr sus ds#hudrzis tjlti j su hircjonÿl dl db tdrodr `rjkioici j bis kdmdrds qud su tjbbdr bd dxn`d !qudpudkdl nlobunr pjrtnonpjr jotnvjcdltd dl bj hir #cjonÿl kd jprdlknods y oicpjúdris.,

Jb`÷l A,°, pikrãj pdlsjr qud dstiy kjl#ki ulj prdpilkdrjlonj ul pioi dxj`drjkj jbsãcmibi dl bj hircjonÿl cjsÿlnoj pdri j qundlpndlsd dsi bd nlvnti j rddxniljr simrd dstj ouds#tnÿl7 ¹snl bis sãcmibis y snl bj rddxnÿl simrd biscnscis qud knhdrdlonj ajmrãj dltrd bj cjsild#rãj y ulj dsoudbj kd pdlsjcndlti îtnoi oujb#qundrj9,

Udrtrdoajki oil dstd mj`jgd" db cjdstricjsÿl pudkd iptjr pir joodkdr j bis `rjkis

supdrnirds" bisÿois i oibjtdrjbds #oici prd#rjcis bbjcjrbis#, ̂ knì «pudkd iptjr¶ kd hircjpbdljcdltd nltdloniljkj pirqud db oubcdl kd

bj cjsildrãj ds db `rjki kd Cjdstri" db rdsti kdbis `rjkis sil pir kdonrbi kd jbùlj hircj «hir #cjonÿl iptjtnvj¶ pjrj db cjsÿl,Dl dstis `rjkis oibjtdrjbds" bi cês oic÷l dsqud ojkj `rjki aj`j rdhdrdlonj j ulj nkdj"

j ul jspdoti kd bj cjsildrãj dl db qud sd vjj prihulknzjr, _nl dcmjrì db trjmjgi j rdjbnzjr pir db cjsÿl oil rdspdoti jb `rjki ds cuoaãsn#ci cês pdrsiljb" yj qud #sn mndl oiltnl÷j dxns#tndlki sncmibnsci jsionjki jb ̀ rjki# sd oudltjoil qud li ds ldodsjrni dstjr prihulknzjlkioiltnlujcdltd dl db sãcmibi y sus sn`lnojkisdl bis tjbbdrds !bi oujb tjcmnîl ds kdsdjmbd. dbcjsÿl oil su hircjonÿl prdvnj dl sncmibnscidstê ojpjontjki y kdsdj trjmjgjr oil bis sãc#mibis qud sd bd ihrdodl dl db `rjki kd hircjcuoai cês jutÿlicj,

Xndlki dsti ojkj cjsÿl kdmd pbjltdjr #sd sn qundrd #y ajonj kilkd# oiltnlujr oil susdstuknis cjsÿlnois, ¹[ndld ulj mudlj hircj#onÿl dl db sncmibnsci mêsnoi9 ¹Aj jprdlknkij musojr bjs hudltds kdb sãcmibi y oil dbbi bjsnkdjs qud sumyjodl dl db cnsci9 Dl ojsi oil#trjrni kdmd pbjltdjrsd jprivdoajr pjrj cdgi#rjr dsjs oudstnilds pirqud ul `rjki" i ul ÿr`j#li oibjtdrjb kdb qud li pudkds jprivdoajr sussãcmibis i su sncmibi`ãj ds ulj ipirtulnkjk kd

trjmjgi cjsÿlnoi pdrknkj,

LI[J_

:,# Litj kdb jutir7 _n`lnoj «Xnsntj db nltdrnir kdbj [ndrrj y rdotnojlki ajbbjrês bj pndkrj ioubtj–,

=,# Litj kdb oiirknljkir7 ^ tjcmnîl cndcmriskd bj _iondtjs ]isnoruonjlj nl Jl`bnj,





Litnonjs

Zudrnkis bdotirds7

rdprikuoncis j oiltnlujonÿl bj nlvntjonÿl qud sd aj adoai bbd`jr" pjrj su pumbnonkjk" j dstj rdvns#tj pir db @,N,@, N,°,A,°, Jrcjlki Jrcdbni @ujsoa Hirljrns,



;>]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

J_ACIBD" Dbãjs !:8:0#:8>=.

Ljonki dl Bnoadbk" Nl`bjtdrrj" Dbãjs Jsa#cibd hud nlnonjki db :8 kd Iotumrd kd :8;8 dlbj Bi`nj kd Pjrrnl`til, _d trjtj kd uli kd bispdrsiljgds cês nltdrdsjltds pjrj bj Cjsildrãjkdmnki jb ncpirtjltd pjpdb qud gu`ÿ kurjltdbj îpioj kd trjlsnonÿl !sn`bi QXNN." cicdlti dlqud sd musoÿ rdulnojr y rdoilstrunr ulj trjkn#onÿl prêotnojcdltd kdsjpjrdonkj y knspdrsj,Oici ]dlî @uîlil knod" jb rdhdrnrsd jb pjpdb

kd Jsacibd" ‒dl dsd cicdlti sd musoÿ rdoils#trunr ulj trjknonÿl qud dl ̀ rjl pjrtd yj sd ajmãjpdrknki–" j bi qud Hdkdrnoi @ilzêbdz" dl Adr #cdtnsci y Cjsildrãj ojp, NN" jújkd7

‒Dl dstj dxtrjirknljrnj bjmir mrnbbj db licmrd kdD, Jsacibd dl kis jspdotis7 oici uli kd bis rdoilstruotirds kd bj Cjsildrãj dl oujlti j bj rdbjonÿl kd îstj oil bjs ÿrkdlds kd ojmjbbdrãj ybjs oirpirjonilds kd oilstruotirds" d nùjbcdl#td oici pulti kd oiludlonj oil bj trjknonÿl

Adrcîtnoj, Db cnsci Jsacibd sd bbjcjmj angi kd Cdrourni !Cdrouripanbus Jl`bnous.–,

Bj vdrkjk ds qud Jsacibd ds uli kd dsispdrsiljgds anstÿrnois ouyj joonÿl dl db culkiaj oiltrnmunki kd ciki dspdonjb j rdsojtjr dbvdrkjkdri bd`jki dspnrntujb#nltdbdotujb kd bjs

jutîltnojs ir`jlnzjonilds nlnonêtnojs, Jltnoujrnikd prihdsnÿl" hud jcnì kd itris nbustrds cjsi#lds" oici Oarnstipadr Prdl !hjcisi jrquntdo#ti." kd jbquncnstjs" jstrÿbiìs" nlvdstn`jkirds"prjotnojltds kd bjs Jrtds Bnmdrjbds y bj Ondlonj_j`rjkj" oil jbùli kd bis oujbds" oici dsdb ojsi tjcmnîl kd itri cjsÿl" ]imdrt Cirjy"hulkÿ bj ]iyjb _iondty kd Bilkrds y bj Uanbisi#ojb _iondty kd Ixhirk,

Dl :845 pumbnoj" mjgi db licmrd jlj#`rjcêtnoi kd Gjcds Ajsibbd" Hjsonoubus Oadcn#ous" ulj trjkuoonÿl kd tdxtis bjtnlis kd Jbqun#cnj qud ajmãj rdoipnbjki" dltrd dbbis kd Gdjlk„Dspj`ldt, Dl :84= dkntj db [adjtruc Oadcn#ouc Mrntjllnouc qud oiltndld bjs imrjs dl vdr #si kd bis jbquncnstjs nl`bdsds cês ncpirtjltds"oici db pidcj jbquãcnoi kd [aicjs Lirtil"dsorntis kd @dir`d ]npbdy" ulj mrdvd kdsornp#onÿl dl vdrsi kd Bj Cÿljkj Gdri`bãoj kd GialKdd" jsã oici ulj dxtdlsj kdsornponÿl kd bjimrj cjtdcêtnoj kdb cnsci6 tjcmnîl ajod jbu#snilds y jbjmjlzjs ajonj Cnoadb Cjndr, _d`÷l

rdoi`d bj anstirnjkirj Hrjlods J, ^jtds" dstd[adjtruc Oadcnouc Mrntjllnouc kd Jsacibddrj ul bnmri qud Nsjjo Ldwtil oipnÿ j cjli y‒bdãj ulj y itrj vdz–, Dl :841 dsornmd [ad Pjyti Mbnss" y dl :80= [ad Nlstntutnil y Bjws jlk Od#rdcilnjs ih tad Irkdr ih tad @jrtdr, Oil dstj÷btncj imrj Jsacibd rdstjmbdonÿ dl su tndcpibjs Irkdlds kd Ojmjbbdrãj, _u jcir pir knoajsIrkdlds ojmjbbdrdsojs" y su titjb jkadsnÿl j bjsnkdjs risjoruonjljs" jsã oici su nltdrîs dl dbjvjlod kd bj ondlonj" bi ajodl jpjrdodr oici

ul pdrsiljgd sncmÿbnoi pjrj bj Cjsildrãj" pudsrdprdsdltj ulj bãldj nlnltdrrucpnkj kd pdlsj#cndlti y kd aicmrds bnmrdpdlsjkirds y kd dspã #

KNOONILJ]NICJ_ßLNOI

Dxtrjãki kdb Knooniljrni _ncmÿbnoi kd bj Cjsildrãj knspilnmbd dl dbOdltri kd ]doursis Kn`ntjbds kd bj @BD

KNOONILJ]NI CJ_ßLNOI




rntu oilstruotnvi qud ordjril bj jotujb Cjsild#rãj,

J su imrj dsorntj ajy qud jújknr bj `rjlojltnkjk kd cjlusorntis jbquãcnois qud rdulnÿ"

y qud sd oiliodl oici ‒pjpdbds kd Jsacibd–"pndzjs kd jrqudibi`ãj y tiki tnpi kd imgdtis rd#bjoniljkis oil db jrtd y bjs ondlonjs ljturjbds"oici cnldrjbds" pbjltjs" hÿsnbds" jlncjbds" dto,"kd tiki bi oujb bbd`ÿ j pisddr `rjlkds oibdo#onilds qud bd snrvndril pjrj hulkjr dl Ixhirk dbprncdr cusdi kd Ondlonjs Ljturjbds kdb culki,Jkdcês bi`rÿ dcmjrojr dl db priydoti j itrisjcn`is qud anondril kiljonÿl tjcmnîl kd susoibdoonilds" ‒sndlki kd bis prncdris dl itir`jr j bj jrqudibi`ãj y jb dstukni nltd`rjb kdb aic#mrd y su culki ul vjbir rdjb y li db kd sncpbds‑ournisnkjkds„ –, !H, @ilzêbdz" Nmnk,.

[jlti cjtdrnjb y tjltjs giyjs bbd`jril jrdulnrsd qud aumndril kd ordjrsd kis sdoonilds,J pjrtnr kd su cudrtd bj kd jrtd bbdvj su lic#mrd6 sd trjtj kdb hjcisi Jsacibdl Cusduc" kdIxhirk" kilkd pudkdl sd`unr vnîlkisd aiy dlkãj tikjs dstjs oibdoonilds y oilsubtjrsd tikisdstis tdxtis y cjlusorntis adrcîtnois,

Odltri kd ]doursis Kn`ntjbds

@rjl Bi`nj kd Dspjújattp7))www,`bd#ork,oic

Knooniljrni CjsÿlnoiKNOONILJ]NI CJ_ßLNOI



4:]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

Wilj kd rdbjx

Bj prncdrj Bi`nj cnbntjr qud sd oiliod ds bj L· 0; mjgi bj @rjl Bi`nj kd Nrbjl#kj ¹pudkd oiltjrlis oujlki sd ordd qud sd hulkÿ y jbùlj itrj oisj simrddb pjrtnoubjr9

_n ustdk sjmd bj rdspudstj li kdgd kd dlvnjrbj y bj pumbnojrdcis dl db snùndltd l÷cdri,Dsornmj j rdtjbdskdcjsildrnjE`cjnb,oic

]dspudstj jb l÷cdri jltdrnir

Dl quî júi sd ordj db rnti Jkilanrjcntj9

Dl :0;; ulj oirrndltd kd Cjdstris ordj db ]nti Jkilanrjcntj" pistubjlki qud bj Cj#sildrãj sd mjsd dl db Cjdstrjzì kd Jkilnrjc y li dl db kd Anrjc, ¹Zunîl hud Jkilnrjl97Bj prncdrj iponÿl jpjrdod dl db Bnmri kd bis ]dyds" ojp NX" vdr,8 kilkd cdlonilj j Jki#lnrjc" angi kd Jmkj" oici dlojr`jki kdb trnmuti y kd bjs bdvjs kd bis trjmjgjkirds kd bjoilstruoonÿl kdb tdcpbi6 bj itrj iponÿl sdrãj ulj husnÿl kd bjs pjbjmrjs Jkiljn !_dúir. dAnrjc" oil bi qud sn`lnojrãj _dúir Anrjc !Gisî Ojstdbbjln ipnlj qud bj prncdrj iponÿl ds

bj cês jodrtjkj.

LI[J7 Bj cjyirãj kd bjs prdùltjs kd dstj sdoonÿl sd mjsjl dl db bnmri ‒Orilibi`ãj cjsÿlnoj–kdb X,°, A,°, Dtandb Icjr Ojrtds,attp7))www,hrddcjsils#hrddcjsilry,oic)orilibi`njYcjàilnoj,atcb

U]D@TL[J_ KD CJ_ILD]ÃJ



4= ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

HI[I_ ^ KIOTCDL[I_ JL[N@TI_

Ajrry [rucjl # Hdm, >" :>5> DJ Mdbtil Bik`d ;45 Cnssiurn

Wilj kd rdbjx



4?]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

J@]JKDONCNDL[I_Dstj pumbnojonÿl li sdrãj pisnmbd snl bj oibjmirjonÿl kd cuoais Adrcjlis qud lis ajl pdrcntnki

usjr sus trjmjgis dl bj cnscj" nùjbcdltd" jbùlis hiris y rdvnstjs lis ajl jutirnzjki j rdpumbnojr jquã sus trjmjgis" qud cdlis qud kjr oudltj kd su hrjtdrlnkjk y pumbnojr sus licmrds y ciki kdjoodsi,

Kdskd yj" cuoajs `rjonjs pir vudstri jpiyi

Wilj kd rdbjx

attp7))hnbaiskijrquntdti,mbi`spit,oic,mr)

attp7))www,hnbaiskdanrjl,mbi`spit,oic,ds

attp7))anrjcjmnh,ir ̀attp7))knjbiì#dltrd#cjsilds,mbi`spit,oic,ds)

attp7))pumbnojonildsadrmdrtird,mbi`spit,oic,ds) attp7))`rjlmnmbnitdojadrmdrtird,mbi`spit,oic,ds)

attp7))cjsildrnjbjncprdltjkdmdlgjcnl,mbi`spit,oic,ds) ) attp7))cjrnlikdjrcjs,mbi`spit,oic,ds

attp7))dbojcnlikdbjcjsildrnj,mbi`spit,oic,ds) attp7))hibajcjoilnfj,mbi`spit,oic,ds)



4; ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj

Db stjhh kd ]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj" oilsondltd kd bis cicdltis kd ornsns quddstjcis pjsjlki" qundrd oibjmirjr jqudbbis adrcjlis i prihjlis qud tdl`jlul ldìoni" y pir dbbi ihrdod dspjoni pumbnontjrni OICUBD[JCDL[D @]J[TN[I pjrj qud qundlds bi kdsddl nlsdrtdl ul jluloni dl ludstrj rdvnstj kd su ldì#oni,

Bncntjonilds kd dspjoni7Dl ul prnloni bj rdvnstj" kjki qud su nltdlonÿl ds kd oiculnojonÿl" li kdknoj#rê ul l÷cdri dbdvjki kd pê`nljs j pumbnonkjk, Db cêxnci kdknojki sdrê kdjprixncjkjcdltd db :5$ kd bjs pê`nljs kdb l÷cdri,

_ntujonÿl7

Bj pumbnonkjk li sd vj j sntujr jkgultj j lnl`÷l jrtãoubi" sndcprd sd nlsdrtjrê jbljb kd bj cnscj kdspuîs kd bis j`rjkdoncndltis,Bis adrcjlis jutirds kd bis jrtãoubis sd cdrdodl qud dstis sd rdspdtdl" y jqud#bbjs pdrsiljs qud qundrjl ùjrkjr i ncprncnr jrtãoubis li tndldl pirqud vdrsdimbn`jkis j ùjrkjr i ncprncnr pumbnonkjk,

[jcjúi7Oici sd pudkd vdr dl bis rdoujkris `rnsds ajy kis tjcjúis mêsnois7 cdknjpê`nlj y ul oujrti kd pê`nlj !vdrtnojb u airnziltjbcdltd.,Bis jlulonis pumbnojkis ioupjrêl pir kdhdoti ul oujrti kd pê`nlj, _d rdsdr #vjrê db hircjti kd cdknj pê`nlj pjrj jqudbbjs tndlkjs i ldìonis qud ihrdz#ojl ul kdsoudlti j bis bdotirds kd bj rdvnstj cdknjltd bj pumbnojonÿl kd uloÿknì kd kdsoudlti qud nrê dl db jluloni,

Knsdúi kd bj pumbnonkjk7]dtjbds kd Cjsildrãj li rdjbnzj knsdúi kd pumbnonkjk !sjbvi simrdncprncnr db

oÿknì kd kdsoudlti pjrj bis bdotirds.,Uir dbbi7# Bj pumbnonkjk qud sd lis dlvãd dl hircjti tdxti sdrê oipnjkj tjb oujb dlmbjloi y ld`ri" snl jújknkis ln oirrdoonilds kd lnl`÷l tnpi, Db tjcjúi kd bjhudltd kd tdxti sd jgustjrê jb tjcjúi kdb rdoujkri kd pumbnonkjk, Li sd ajrêcjqudtjonÿl kd ncê`dlds jkgultjs j tdxtis,# Bj pumbnonkjk qud sd dlvãd dl hircjti ncj`dl sd rdkuonrê i jcpbnjrê !bi qudhudsd cdldstdr. pjrj jgustjr bj ncj`dl jb rdoujkri pumbnontjrni, Dl ojsi kd qudaumndsd ul oÿknì kd kdsoudlti y li vnlndsd dl bj ncj`dl sd simrdncprncnrê dl

ulj dsqunlj kd bj ncj`dl,




Urnirnkjk7

_d itir`jrê prnirnkjk j bis sibnontjltds kd dspjoni pumbnontjrni sd`÷l bis snùndl#tds orntdrnis7

# Db sibnontjltd ds ul A,°, i ul prihjli" kjlki prnirnkjk j bis A,°,# Db ldìoni ) tndlkj jlulonjki tndld rdbjonÿl i li oil bj Cjsildrãj,# Db jluloni ihrdod kdsoudltis j bis bdotirds kd ]kC,

Kurjonÿl7

Bj pumbnonkjk sibnontjkj sd nlsdrtjrê kurjltd db tndcpi qud sibnontd db jlulonjltd,Ojkj kis cdsds sd rdvnsjrêl bjs sibnontukds j l kd dstjmbdodr bjs prnirnkjkds,

_ibnontukds7

Bjs sibnontukds kdmdrêl rdcntnrsd j7 rdtjbdskdcjsildrãjE`cjnb,oic" nlknojlkidb tndcpi pir db qud sd sibnontj bj pumbnonkjk" db jluloni !dl tdxti i ncj`dl. y dbkdsoudlti y su oÿknì !kd ajmdrbi.,



rdtj dskdcjsildrnj@`cjn ,oic

pjrj

Retales Masoneria Numero 24 - Marzo 2013(PDF)

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