2-Server16/04/2010 Ottimizzare l'IT 3
dissipation • Limiti fisici della materia
– Attuali 45 nm e verso i 32 nm • Tecnologia “vecchia”? • La leggenda di Moore
– http://www.gandalf.it/uman/moore.htm
Crescita della capacità dei dischi fissi
Ottimizzare l'IT 16/04/2010
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16/04/2010 Ottimizzare l'IT 8
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Evoluzione dei processori Intel
Intel Xeon 5500 (Nehalem-EP)
• From Tick to Tock: –Features change –Size constant –New capabilities
• From Tock to Tick: –Features constant –Size shrinks –Faster speed
• 12 months between each point (24 between Ticks)
2 Y
E A
R S
2 Y
E A
R S
Shrink/Derivative Penryn Family
New Microarchitecture Nehalem
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Westmere-EP
• Xeon 5600 – 32nm – sei o quattro core – prestazioni fino al 60% maggiori rispetto alla
precedente serie 5500 a 45 nm
• Già disponibili sui server Dell 11G – PowerEdge M610, M710 – PowerEdge R410, R510, R610, R710 – PowerEdge T410, T610, T710
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•• Up to 8 Cores/16 Up to 8 Cores/16 ThreadsThreads
•• 24MB of Shared Cache24MB of Shared Cache •• Integrated Memory Integrated Memory
ControllersControllers •• 4 High4 High--bandwidth QPI bandwidth QPI
LinksLinks •• IntelIntel®® HyperHyper--ThreadingThreading •• IntelIntel®® Turbo BoostTurbo Boost •• 2.3B Transistors2.3B Transistors
Core4Core4
Core5Core5
Core6Core6
Core7Core7
SMISMI
Core3Core3
Core2Core2
Core1Core1
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Threads • Intel® Scalable
MemoriaMemoria
• Famiglia Xeon 7500
• Famiglia Xeon 6500 – CPU Nehalem-EX sviluppate per sistemi a 2 socket
95W
95W
95W
105W
105W
130W
130W
130W
TDP
856$18 Mbytesno841,86 GHzXeon E7520
PriceCache L3TurboThreadsCoreClockProcessore
PriceCache L3TurboThreadsCoreClockProcessore
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Intel® Virtualization Technology (Intel® VT) Intel VT refers to all the hardware assists for virtualization that Intel offers across its platform (CPU, Chipset, I/O)
Intel VT for IA-32 and Intel® 64 (Intel VT-x, VT-x2) Intel VT-x refers to all the hardware assists for virtualization in Intel®
Xeon® processors
Intel VT For Directed I/O (Intel VT-d, VT-d2) Intel VT-d refers to all the hardware assists for virtualization in Intel chipset
Intel VT For Connectivity (Intel VT-c) Intel VT-c refers to all the hardware assists for virtualization in Intel networking and I/O devices
Processor Chipset Network
- Extended page tables
- Memory protection
- Offload routine I/O tasks
Software-only VMMs Binary translation Paravirtualization Device emulations
Simpler and more secure VMM through use of hardware VT support
Better IO/CPU perf and functionality via hardware-mediated access to memory
•Assists for IO sharing: • PCI IOV compliant devs • VMDq: Multi-context IO • End-point DMA translation caching • IO virtualization assists
Richer IO-device functionality and IO resource sharing
Core support for IO robustness & performance via DMA remapping
Richer/faster: Intel VT FlexPriority, FlexMigration EPT, VPID, ECRR, APIC-V
Close basic processor “virtualization holes” in Intel® 64 & Itanium CPUs
Perf improvements for interrupt intensive env, faster VM boot
Interrupt filtering & remapping VT-d extensions to track PCI-SIG IOV
VT-x/i VT-x2/i2
VMM software evolution over time with hardware supportVMM software evolution over time with hardware support
VMM Software Evolution
– Problema della scalabilità
• Turbo boost e gestione potenza sempre utilizzabili? – Gli hypervisor sono pronti a gestire core
“dinamici”?
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– http://www.delltechcenter.com/page/04-08-2009+- +Nehalem+and+Memory+Configurations
Come ottimizzare i costi?
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R
8
1
0
Potenza (crescente)
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M710, M805, M905
PE 2900, T610
MORE DENSITY
MORE EXPANDABILITY
E X
P A
N D
A B
IL IT
T610: 2S Tower R610 & R710: 2S
Racks M610 & M710: Half & Full Height Blades
11G PowerEdge portfolio
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Efficienza della serie 11G
• 40% più efficienti della serie 10G • 3x capacità RAM della serie 9G • 3x potenza di calcolo di 9G • 25% di risparmio energetico rispetto a 9G
– R710 vs 2950 III
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Gestione integrata Controller del
iDRAC6 Enterprise
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– 2U – 4 nodi