pp_alimentazione_benessere_vita_ES_NOTE

ALIMENTAZIONE EBENESSERE PERUNAVITASANA

NOTEERIFERIMENTIBIBLIOGRAFICI

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entazione e benessere per una vita sana

NOTEERIFERIMENTIBIBLIOGRAFICI

CAPITOLO1

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unindicatorecostruitoinmodo“artificiale”chenoncorrispondeesattamentealvalorereale,macheèadattoaconfrontareivaloridellamortalitàtraperiodidiversiperstrutturadietà.

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CAPITOLO2

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8.Gliacidigrassi transesistono innatura inquantità ridottee si trovanoall’internodellecarniedeiprodotticaseari,mentrelaquasitotalitàègeneratanelprocessod’idrogenazione.Ilcambiamentodistruttura,deigrassicontenutineglialimenti,chesiottieneconl’idrogena-zionepermettediprolungareladuratadeiprodottiedigarantirnelafreschezzariducendoicostidiproduzione.Nellaforma“trans”l’acidograssononsolofaaumentareillivellodelle

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lipoproteine LDL, il cosiddetto “colesterolo cattivo”, ma fa anche diminuire quello “buono”,l’HDL,cheproteggel’apparatocardiovascolareaiutandoilcorpoaeliminareilcolesterolo.

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colesterolo.Perquestoessavieneconsiderataunfattoredirischioindipendente,poichédasolaèingradodiaumentarel’incidenzadimalattiecardiovascolariindipendentementedallapresenzadialtrifattoripredisponenti.Giàvalorisuperioria10-12μmoliperlitrosicorrelanoaunaumentatorischiodiaterosclerosi,ictuseinfartodelmiocardio,nonchédimoltealtrepatologiesiadel sistemacardiocircolatorio (trombosivenosa,emboliapolmonare) chenon(malformazionifetali,decadimentomentale,Alzheimer,fratturespontanee).

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CAPITOLO3

1.Perun’approfonditaanalisiinmeritoaquestotema,sivedaildocumentoCrescita sana e nutrizione nei bambini,pubblicatodalBCFNnel2010.

2.WHO,Food and Nutrition Board,SocietàItalianadiNutrizioneUmana.

3.Perun’approfonditaanalisiinmeritoaquestotema,sivedaildocumentoLongevità e be-nessere: il ruolo dell’alimentazione,pubblicatodalBCFNnel2011.

4.“NationalVitalStatisticsReports”,56(10),2008

5.SearsB.eC.Ricordi,Anti-infiammatory nutrition as a Pharmacological Approach to treat Obesity,in“Journalofobesity”,2011.

6.FontanaL.et al.,Extending Healthy Lifespan—From Yeast to Humans,in“Science”,2010

7.Atalriguardo,sivedanoanche:FontanaL.,Obesità viscerale, restrizione calorica ed invec-chiamento,in“GiornalediGerontologia”,54,2006,pp.131-33;WeindruchR.eR.S.Sohal,Caloric intake and aging,in“TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine”,377,1997,pp.986-94;MasoroE.J.,Overview of caloric restriction and ageing,in“MechanismsofAgeingandDeve-lopment”,126,2005,pp.913-22.

8.AlbanesD.,Cancer Research,1987.

9.ShimokawaI.et al.,Diet and the suitability of the male Fischer 344 rat as a model for aging research,in“JournalofGerontologyofBiologicalScience”,48,1993,pp.B27-32.

CAPITOLO4

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2.Agriculture Fact Book,ProfilingFoodConsumptioninAmerica,2002.

3.National Nutrition Survey,TheJapanDieteticAssociation,2001.

4.Cucina Mediterranea. Ingredienti, principi dietetici e ricette al sapore di sole,Mondadori,Milano1993.

5.AncelBenjaminKeys(1904-2004),medicoefisiologostatunitense,èconosciutoperes-serestatounodeiprincipalisostenitorideibeneficidelladietamediterraneapercontrastaremoltepatologiediffusesoprattuttoinOccidente,inparticolarelemalattiecardiovascolari.

6.KeysA.et al.,A Multivariate Analysis of Death and Coronary Heart Disease,HarvardUni-versityPress,Cambridge(MA)-London1980,pp.1-381;ToshimaH.,Y.KogaeH.Blackburn,Lessons for Science from the Seven Countries Study,SpringerVerlag,Tokyo1995.

7.KeysA.et al.,Epidemiologic studies related to coronary heart disease: characteristics of men aged 40-59 in seven countries,in“ActaMedScand”,460(suppl.),1967,pp.1-392.

8. KeysA., Coronary heart disease in seven countries, in “Circulation”, 41(suppl.), 1970,pp.1-211;KromhoutD.eA.Menotti,The Seven Countries Study: A Scientific Adventure in Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology,Brouwer,Utrecht1994.

9.WillettW.C.,F.SackseA.Trichopoulou,Mediterranean diet pyramid: a cultural model for healthy eating,in“AmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition”,1995.

10.PanagiotakosaD.,C.PitsavosdeF.Arvanitic,Adherence to the Mediterranean food pattern predicts the prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and obesity, among healthy adults; the accuracy of the MedDietScore,in“PreventiveMedicine”,44(4),April2007.

11.Lascalautilizzatanellostudioècompresatra0e55,quindiunincrementodi10puntisullascaladiadeguatezzamediterraneaequivaleaunincrementodel20%circa.

12.TrichopoulouA.et al.,Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Survival in a Greek Popula-tion,in“TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine”,348(26),2003.

13.MitrouP.N.et al.,Mediterranean dietary pattern and prediction ofall-cause mortality in a U.S. population: results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study,in“ArchivesofInternalMedicine”,2007.

14.DeLorgerilM.et al.,Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiova-scular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study, in“Circulation”,1999.

15.LorgeliM.eP.Salen,Mediterranean diet in secondary prevention of HCD,in“PublicHealthNutrition”,August2011.

16.FungT.T.et al.,Diet-quality scores and plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction,in“AmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition”,2005.

17.SofiF.et al.,Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health,in“BritishMedicalJournal”,July2008.

18.TognonG.eE.Rothenberg,Does the Mediterranean diet predict longevity in the elderly?,in“PublicHealthEpidemiology”,UniversityofGothenburg,2010.

19. Baldini M. et al., Is the Mediterranean lifestyle still a reality? Evaluation of food con-sumption and energy expenditure in Italian and Spanish university students,in“PublicHealthNutrition”,2008.

CAPITOLO5

1.Adesempio,l’AgenziaperiServiziSanitariRegionali(ASSR).

2.LasceltadeiPaesièstatadettatadalladisponibilitàdiseriestatisticheampie,completeeomogenee;perl’Italiaquestorequisitononèpresenteinquantononèdisponibileunaseriestoricasufficientementeampia.

3.Ilmodellohapresoinconsiderazioneduecomponentilacuievoluzioneeinterazionede-termineràladinamicadellaspesasanitariapubblicaneiprossimianni.Laprimaèditipode-mografico,ovveroconnessaalnumeroeallastrutturapersessoeperetàdellapopolazione.Lasecondaèditipoeconomico,imputabileaunapropensione,riscontrabileintuttelesocietàavanzate,versounacrescitadellaspesasanitariacomplessiva (pubblicaeprivata)piùcheproporzionalerispettoallacrescitadelPIL.Perunadescrizionedettagliatadellametodologiaedeirisultatidelmodellodiprevisionedellaspesasanitariasiveda:TheEuropeanHouse-Ambrosetti,Meridiano Sanità – Le coordinate della salute,RapportoFinale,novembre2011.

4.L’ipotesicheilbeneficiodellaprevenzionesimanifesticomediminuzionedellespeseperunaqualsiasialtratipologiadiprestazionidefinitanell’ambitodelmodelloprevisionalenonimpattasulvaloretotaledelbeneficio,masullaripartizionedellaspesasanitariatratipologiediprestazioni.

5. L’assunto può essere ritenuto ragionevole se si considera il contenuto livello dell’inve-stimento inprevenzionee lasuabassa incidenzasullaspesasanitariapubblica.Pervaloripiùconsistentidell’investimentoinprevenzionee/odellasuaincidenzasullaspesasanitariapubblicaèplausibileritenerecheiltrenddelbeneficiomanifestiunandamentodecrescentealcresceredelvaloredell’investimento.

6.LewingtonS.et al.,Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a metaanalysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies, in“Lancet”,360,2002,pp.1903-13.

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7.ChobanianA. et al.,Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detec-tion, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure,in“JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation”,2003.

8.European cardiovascular disease statistics 2008,BritishHeartFoundation;HealthPromo-tionResearchGroup,DepartmentofPublicHealth,UniversityofOxford;HealthEconomicsResearchCentre,DepartmentofPublicHealth,UniversityofOxford,2009.

CAPITOLO6

1.IlBCFNhaanalizzatoafondolevalenzesocialieculturalidelciboeledinamicheinattoall’internodelrapportodialetticofral’uomoeilcibo.Perapprofondirequestotema,semprepiùcentrale,sirimandaatredocumenticheilBCFNhaprodottonelcorsodegliultimiventi-quattromesi:La dimensione culturale del cibo (2009),Il valore della Mediterraneità(2010)eilfascicoloFood for Culturedelpresenterapporto.

2.Questostilealimentare,peraltro–equestaèun’ulterioreevidenzaemersanelcorsodeiconfronti interdisciplinari condotti dalBCFN –non solo costituisceun’efficace tutela per lepersonedalpuntodivistamedico,maèaltresì“amicodell’ambiente”.Leevidenzescientificheinambitodiwatermanagementeclimatechange(sivedanoipositionpaperWater Manage-menteCambiamento Climatico,AgricolturaeAlimentazione)dimostranocomeleimplicazioniper l’ambiente delle scelte produttive legate agli stili dietetici siano molto rilevanti, sia inpositivocheinnegativo.Nelsecondopositionpapercitatoabbiamo,infatti,potutocostruirelapiramideambientaleassociataallanotapiramidealimentare,dimostrandocomeunadietasanaedequilibratasicaratterizziperilsuobassoimpattoambientale,misuratointerminidifootprintcomplessivo.

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