Mat04-geometria analitica
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Transcript of Mat04-geometria analitica
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12 123 4
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123456442781
23456442781
9
99
=
= +
123
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− 12
⇒ ⇒
⇒
1 2
3 1
2 3
43 3= =
1 23 4 2 21 2
12
1 2 2 1 3 31 2 3 1 3 2 3 1
4= =5 5
1 1 1
1 2 2 3 3
1 2 2 3 3
1 2 1 3 2 3
1 2 2 1 2 1
1 2
4
2 1 2 1
4 4 4
4
4
4
4
4
= +
= +
= +
4 4
4 4
1 2 3 4
5 6 5 6
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
1 2 2 1
1 2 2 1
34 4
4 4
1 2 1 2 3 4
1 2 1 2 1 2
3 3
3
3 3 3
= =
= =
∆
∆
1 2 31 2
= +∆ ∆1 2 3 43
3
12
1 2
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∈ ⇒
1 2 ⇒
⇒ 1 2 3 4 5 61
1 1 1 2 3 4 3 4= − + −
⇒
⇒ ⇒
1 2
3 5 6 71
2
71 1
= − = = −
− −1 2
3 4
1
23 1
4
12
⇒
⇒ = +1 1 1
1
2 3
1
⇒
⇒ = +
1 1 1
1
2 3
1
1 1 1
2 2 2
1
2 3
1
2 3
= +
= +
=
= +
= =
3
4 5
33
3
6 7
34
8
12
12
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1 2 2
3
4 5
36
1
2 3 = −
= −
=
1 2 2
34 3
3 56
1
2 3 = −
= −
=
1 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 42 3 4 4 6
1 2 3
4 2 3
= + = + =
= + = + ⋅ =
123
1 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 62 3 6 4 7
1 2 3
4 2 3
= + = + =
= + = + ⋅ =
1
23
43
12
12
23=
4
5
12
1 11 1
1 2
3 2
= + ⋅ −
23
1 2
1 1 = + ⋅ −
= + =2 3
4 2
52 3 61 2
1 11 1
1 2
3 2
= + ⋅−
23
1 2
11
= + ⋅ −
= + =2 3 45 2
52 6 5
1 2
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1 2 3 4 2 4
1 3
1 1 1
1
1
1
5 5 6 5 5 7
6 5 5 7
1 2 1 2 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
+ = + +
+
8 9
8 9
1
1
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
1 2 3
4 1 3
4
= = = =
= + = +
=
5 6 67 8 67 6 8 6 9
1
1
1 2
1 2 3 4 1 2 5 63 – 42 2
1
1
1
1 2
1 3
2 3
= + + = + =
= + + = + =
= + + = + =
2 3 4 3 4 56 57
2 5 4 5 56 4 57
3 5 3 5 27 27 7 5
4 4
4 4
4
4
1
1
1 1
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 21 2 3 4
1 1 1 2
1 1 1
1 2 3 1 1 2
1 2 3 1 1 2
> =
≠ +4 4 4
∆ 123
∈ ⇒ 12
⇒ + =1 1 11 2
3
1 4
3
2 4
3
⇒
123
12 3 12 12
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12 12
1 1 1 2
3 3 3 4
2
4
1
2 3
1
2 4
= +
⇒ = +
= +
⇒ = +
⇒=
=
123
56
7
5
58
7
5
85
5
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
1
21
2
3 3 4 4
3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4
1 2 1 2
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
− ⋅ − =
= − − +
1 2 1 2
1 2
1
21
2
3 3 4 4
3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4
1 2 2 1
1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1
− ⋅ − =
= − − +
1 2 1 2
1 2
1
21
2
3 3 4 4
3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4
1 2 1 2
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
− ⋅ − =
= − − +
1 2 1 2
1 2
∆ 1
2
3 4 3 4 3 4
3 4 3 4 3 4
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 3 3 2 2 1
+ + −
− − −
1 2 3
4 5 6
∆ =
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1
2 2
3 3
3
3
3
∆ = + + −
− −
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 1 21 2 3 1 2 3
3 2 1 3 2 1
1 = ⋅2
3∆
∆
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1 = ⋅2
3∆
1 = ⋅2
3∆ ∆ =
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1
2 2
3 3
3
3
3
∆
1 2 3 4 567895
1 1
2 2
3 3
⇔ =
∆
1 2∆ = ⋅
3 3 3
4 5 3
5 6 3
∆
∆
∆
1 = ∆
2
1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
= + + + +−2 3 4 2 4 5 2 5 6 2 2
22 2
12 3 2 3 2 3
2 3 2 3 2 31 1 1
1 2 3
4
5
2 3 3 4 4 2
3 2 4 3 2 4
=+ + −
− − −
1
2 3
4
5 6
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1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 31 1 1
1 2 3
4
52 3 3 4 4 2 3 2 4 3 2 4
= + + − − −1 2
1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 31 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
4
53 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 −
= + + − − −− − − −1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3
1 1 2 3 3 4 2 3 2 4 3 2
+ + + − − − − =4 4 4 4 4 4 ∆
12
= ∆
3
∆
1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3
1 1 1
= + + + − − −−
4
5
2 3 3 4 2 3 2 4 3 2
6 6 6 6 6 61 2
1 = + + + − − − −2
34 5 63 27 24 4 8 41 2
1 = 2
3451 2
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∆∆
∆= −
−
⇒ = − − + − − −
= −
1 2 3
4 5 3
5 3 3
3 4 3 6 4 7 3 4 1
8 5
1 2
31
2
345
1 45
3
= ⋅ ⇒ = ⋅ −
=
∆
1 2
34
2
3
2 3 2
5 6 2
7 57 3 2
= ⋅ ⇒ = ⋅
+
∆
1 2 1
3 4 1
5 35 2 1
16
+
=
1 2 34 2 54 2 6 7 14 7 6 7 84 7 3 9=
12 3 45+ =
1 2 1
3 4 1
5 6 1
7 6 18= ⇒ =
≠ ≠
1 2 3
3 45 3
6 5 3
2 1 5≠ ⇒ ≠
∆
1 2 3
4
454
∆=
1 2 34
3
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α 12 α
α
α ≠ ααααα α
α
α α
12↔
α
12↔
α α
α
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12
1 2 3 31 2 1 3
∈ ⇔ =
1 2
1 2
3 3
3 3
4 5
6 7
1
1
1
1
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
+ =
= +
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
1 1
1 1
3 4 56 78
59 94 7 5
+ + + =
= + + +
λ
1 21 2
∈ ⇔ =λ 3
1 2
1 1 2 2
3 3
3 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 7 5
1
1
1 1
1 2 3 4+ =
+ + + =
λ
1 2∈ ⇔ =∆ 3
1 2 33 4 3
5 6 3
7=
1 2 3 31 2 1 3 4 5 6 5
∈ ⇔ =7
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1 2 2
1 1 2 2 2
3 34 5
6 78 4 4
1 1
1 1 1
1 2 1 2+ =
− + + − + =
1 2 341 2
1
1 21 2
∈ ⇔ =34536789
1 2
1 2 2
3 3
3
4 5 5
6 6 4
1
1
1
1 1
1 2 3 4 5 6+ =
+ + =
1 231 2
1 2 3 2 3
1 43 12 3 5
1
1 1 2 + ⋅ + =
= + + =
6
6
1 231 2
− + − = −
+ − =
123
1 2 3 2
4 2 12 3
5 6 5
5 6
4 5
+ − + =+ − =
123
1 2 34 56 2 72 5
8 98 9
− ⋅ + − = ⇒ =1 2
334 5
65
337 7
1
22
34
2251
2 3 4
12→
12→
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12
12 34 15 64 12 74 15 841 1 1 1 − + − = − + −
12
↔
12↔
1 2 3
3 4 3
5 6 3
7
1 82 34 7
= ⇒
⇒ + − =
1 2 3
1 42 56 7 33
=
+ − =
12
3
4 54 5
1 2 1 34 5 1 34
6
7889 34
6
34
6
+ − = ⇒ =
=1 2
3 4
1
123
4123
1 2
3 4
1 2 2
2 1
1 2 2
1 2
= − +
− − =
123
43⇒
⇒= − +
= −
123
43
1
1
1 2
2 3
1 2
2
⇒
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α
α
α
α
1 21 2
3 3 ⇔ =α α
1 21 2
⊥ ⇔ = °α α3 45
11
1 1
1 1
=°< < °⇔ >
23αα4 54 4
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1
1
1 1
1 1
=
= °⇔ =
23α
α 4 4
1
1
1 1
1 1
=
°< < °⇔ <
23α
α45 675 5
1 2 3 4 5 2 3 2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2
6 7 6 81 2 1 2≠
1 21°< < °α
1 23 45
561 2
= =α
12 2
3 31 2
2 1
2 1
= 4
4
12 342°< < °α
1 23 23
1 45
56
7 7
8 8
1 2
1 2
1 2
2 1
= = °
= =
α α9 9
9 9 9
9
1 2
12 2
3 31 2
2 1
2 1
= 4
4
α = °1
11 2
= 2
1 1 2 3 31 2 1 2
≠ =
1 2 23 3
1 2
2 1
2 1
= 4
4
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∆11 2 ∆1
12 2
3 31 2
2 1
2 1
= 4
4
12 2
3 3
2 2
3 3
2
31 2
2 1
2 1
1 2
1 2
= = =4
4
4
4
∆
∆
12
31 2
= = =∆
∆
4 5
6 7
6
8
9
9
11 2
= =2 2
3 45
6
6
1 1 2 341 2
=↔
3
5 6275
∆ =
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1
2 2
3 3
3
3
3
1 2
=3
∆
12← →
12
← →
α ≠ α α ≠ α ≠
α
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1 21 2
3 3 ⇔ =α α
1 21 2
3 3 ⇔ =45 45α α
1 2 3 31 2
4 4 ⇔ =
1 11 2
≠
1 2 3 31 2
⊥ ⇔ ⋅ = 456
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1
− 1
1
⇒
= = − −
−= −
∆
∆
1
2
3 4
5 3
5
4
1 1 2 3
4 56 2
7 41 2 2 3
= ⇒ −
−=
−
−
1
2
3 4
15 3 4 3 6=
−⇒ = − ⇒ =
⇒
⇒
≠ ≠
≠
1 2
3 4
2 2
4 53 2
+
−≠
− −
−⇒ ≠
12 34 5 51 2 3 4
1 1 ⇒ = ⇒
1 2
3 1
4 5
6 7
−
−=
−
−
1
2
3 4
52 3 4 3 6=
−⇒ = − ⇒ =
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12 34 5 5 61 2 3 4
← → ← →
⊥ ⇒ ⋅ = −
1 2 3
4 56
71 2
= − −
−= − ∴
− ⋅ = − ⇒ =1
2 3 4 3
21
1 2 1 2
1 2 3 41 2
5 6 7 8 83
∈ ⇔ =
1 1
2 23
4
4
1
1
=
1 1 2 3 34 41 1
= 1 2
1 1 2 3 3
1 3 1 3
4 4
4 4 4 4 4
1 1
5 5 6 5 5 7
=
= ⇒ = +
1 2
3 4
1 2 3 4 2 21 2 51 2 ∈ ⇔ =
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1 2 1 1 34 5− − − =
1 1 2 1 1 34 5− − − =
1 1 2 1 34 5+ + − =
1 2 2 1 34 5− − + =
1 2 1 34 5− − =
1
1 2 3 4 3 1 2 34 3 3
34 1 2 3 3 5
+ = − ⇒ + = − ⇒
− − − =
1 2
1 2 2
3 3
4 5
6 78
2 2 1 3 3
1 2
1 2
1 2
3 3
= −
−=
−
−= −
− = −1 2
1 2
3
4 4
5 6
6
64= =
− −
−=
−
−=
∆
∆
⇒
1 2 34 5 2≠ ≠
≠ ≠
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⇒
1
1
1 2
34
5
3= − −
≠
− 1
2
− 1
2
1 2
34 2= + 1
2
3=
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≠
⇒
1231
3431
3131
23
41
5+ = ⇒ + =
1
234
5+ =
1
2
34
5−
+ =
1 2
3
2 2
3 3
1 2
1 2
= = −
−
∆
∆
1 1 1 1
2 2
2 21
2 1
2 1
1
− = −
−
1
2 34
5 6 −7 8
1 1
1 1
2 2
1 1
1
2 1
1
2 1
−
−=
−
−
1 1
1 1
2 1 1 2 31 1 4
5 5
5 52 5 5 2 35 5 4
1
2 1
1 2 1
1
2 1
1 2 1
−
−
= ⇒ = + −
−
−= ⇒ = + −
∈
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1 23 4
5 3 2
= +
= − +
123
⇒
⇒
∈
⇒ ∴
∈ ⇒
∴ ∈
⇒ ∈
∈
⇒ ∴
⇒ ∴
1 2 3
4
5 6
6 7
5
7
∆
∆=
−
−= −
1 2
34 2= − +
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α β
β
1
2 , −
1
2
1 2
34 2= − +
1
2
3
45 41 2 3 6+ = ⇒ + = ⇒ 1 2 34 5= − +
1 23
45 3= +
⇒
∴ − + 1 2 34
1 2
1 2
34 2= − +
⇒
∴
⇒ 1 2
34
3 5
6
31
= + ⇒ =
⊥ − = −1
23
1
⇒
⇒ ⇒
1
2
3
45+ =
⇒ ⇒
⇒ + =1234
5634
3434
1
2
3
45+ =
1
2
3
45+ =
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⇒
⇒
1 2 1 3 1 1 4 3 5 4 4 43
6 6 7 6 6 8 3 4 8 8 3
1 2 1
1 2 1
+ − = + − = −
= + − = + − = +
123
43
5 6 7 8
5 6 7 8
1 2 23
4 5 3
= −
= +
123
1
2 3
= −
= +
123
4
4
5
6
⇒ ⇒
1
2
=
= +
123
3
4
5
5 ∈
1 2 34
5 6 4 4 7
= +
= +
1
23 ∈ +1
≥
⇒
1 2 3 4 5 23 6 73 891 2
3 3
= − + − = =1 2 1 2
1 23 45
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≠
∴ = − −1 2
34
5
31
1
1
1
∴ = − −1 2
34
5
3
1
1
1
1
1 23
1 23
1 2
= − = −3
3
4
4
4 4
1 2
3
2
31
= − = −2
2
3
3
5 14
y
qr
qs
r
s
x
≠≠≠≠≠
−
= −
⇒ =1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
− ≠ − ⇒ ≠
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
2
1
2
= ≠
y
r s
x0
− = − ⇒ =1
2
1
2
1
1
2
23
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
− = − ⇒ =1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
1
2
1
2
= =
y
x0
sr
P
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≠≠≠≠≠
− ≠ − ⇒ ≠1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
≠
RST
a f 2 5 0
4 1 0
6 6 0 1
x yx y
x x
⇒
1 2 3 31 2
⊥ ⇒ ⋅ = −4
s r
rs
s r
sr
1 21 2
⊥ ⇒ − = °α α 34 67
α α αα
1 2
2
12− = ° ⇒ = −34
5 12
1
1 2 33
1
2
⊥ ⇒ = − 4
1 2 3 31 2 ⊥ ⇒ ⋅ = −1
⇒ 1 2⊥
⇒ 11
1
2
= − 2
≠ θ α α
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s r
rs
α α θ
α α θ
11
2323
1
2
1
2
= − ⇒ = −4 4
αα
α α
α α
θ
⇒ 1 2⊥
1 2 3 31 2
⊥ ⇔ ⋅ = −1
1
2
2
3
4
3 5= ≠
−
1
2 3
2 4
5 2 6 7= =
1
1
2
3 4
3 4≠ 1
− = − −
= + → =
12 34 53
2 34
1
53
17
3
11
1 23 4 5 6 2
4
52 4 7
9 1 23
9 1 23
1
= − − − → = −
= − → = −= − −
= − +
123
≠ ≠
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12 3 4 5 6 4 32 5
3+ + = ⇔ = − −
−
= −
−=
1
2
1
3
1
31
1 2 2
34 3 4 31 5 6− − = ⋅ − ⇔ − − =1 2 1 2
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12 3 4 5 678 58961946416
4 678 146 416
123
≠
→
≠
≥ 0.
≥ 0 → ≥1
2
1
2,
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≠ ≠
1 23 4
1 1
3 3
1 23 41
1
1 1
2 2
2
2
= +
>
=
1
23
43
→ > +
1 23 4
1 1
3 3
1 23 41
1
1 1
2 2
2
2
1 2
1
1
23
43
3 4 2
≥
≥ → ≥
≥ ≥
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→ →
≥
1 2 34 1 ≥
1 2 34 1 >
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1 11 2+ <3 4
1 2 1 2+ ⋅ − ≤1 2 1 2 3
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1232 4 5 6 4 7 5 6
1232 4 5 6 4 7 5 6
+ > ⇒ <
+ < ⇒ >
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2 3 4
2 5 3 4 6 11
2 3 4
2 5 3 41 2 1 2
+ >
<
345
+ <
>
345
1 2
1 2
− −
+ −≥
3
3 34
1
23>
1
23=
≠
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∈ ⇒
C
Pr ∈ ⇒ ≤
1 2 3 4 5
1
1
− + − =1 2 3 4
1
→
≤
≤
x
y
a
br
C
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1
1
2
1 2 3 4 4
1 2 3 4 4
1 1
1
1 1
− + − = →
→ − + − =
1 2 1 2 3 4
1 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 2
1 2 3 4 5
1
1
1
1 1
− + − − = →
→ − + + =
1 2
3 4 5 6 5 6
5 6 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 1 3 4 51 1
1 1
1
− + − = → + − =1 2 3 4 3 4
1 2 23 4 2 5 3
6
1 3 4 37
1
1
1
1
1
1 23 4 3 4
1 2
+ = 5 6
7 8
→
→ + + =
1
1
12
1 1 1
23 42
2
5 5 5
2
6 7
22
1
2 3
1
2 3
= +
= − +
=
= +
= − +
=
1 2 1 3 341 1
+ + + =1 2 1 2
1 23 4 23 14 3 14
2= → = → =
123 4 23 14 3 14
2
5 3 1 6 7 6 5 3 1 7
6 8 5 3 1 7
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
= → = → =
+ = → = +
∴ +
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1 2 3
45 6 2 7
47 8 1 6 2 9
1 1 = = = +
1
1
1 2
3
4
35
6 7
3
8
39
= −
= =
= −
= −
= −
1 2 3 4 5 6 78 6 98
9 9 7 7
1 1 1 1
= + − = + − − − =
= + + = =
1 1
≠
1
2
1 2
3 4
= −
= =
= −
= −
= −
5
65
5
5
7
58
1 2 3 4 567 5 87 8
6
9 8
6
66
1 1 1 1 = + − = + − − −1 2
3 4 =
= + + =
12
1
1 2
34 5 6
3=
−=
−
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x
y
O
C2
–3
x
y
C O
5
1 1 1
1 1
1 2 1 3 421 1
+ + − =1 2 1 2
1
1 2 3 4 5 2 6 41 1 1 1
1 2 1 3 1 2 11 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
→
1 2 3 1 421 1
1 2 1 31 2 1 2
121 1
2 3 4
≠
1 2
31
4
33=
−=
− −=
1 2
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1 2
34
5
36=
−=
−= −
1 2
⇒
1
1
1 2
3
4
3
5 6
3
4
3
= −
= −
= −
= −
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
6
7
8
79
7 78
9 8 6
1 1 1
1 1
+ − = −1 2
3 4
+ −1 2
3 4
− >
−> → <
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P
Q
d r
12
3
4 2
14
3
= −
⋅⊥⋅
⇒ = +123
⇒
⇒
123
= − − + − = =4 45
6 75
8 5 51 23 4 5 6
1 1
P
Q
d r
t
12
3
4
5 2
15
4
3
= −
⊥
⇒ =123
1
2
12 34 5 678
32 14 329 149 68
+ =−
− + = − +
123
1
2 1 324 35
3 2
1
2
3 3
2 2
=− −
+
1234 2 1 35
2 3
1
2
3
2
3 3
=− + −
+
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1 2 2 3 31 2
3
1 2
3
= − + −1 2 1 2
1
2 3 2 4 5 2 6
2 4
2 4 3 4 5 4 6
2 4
1
2 2
1 1
1
2
1
2
1 1
1
=+ +
+
+ +
+
1
2 34
5 6 1 2
4 5 +
12 23 45 6 4 23 45 6
2 4
1
2 2
1
1
2 2
1
1 1
1
=+ + + + +
+
1 2 1 2
3 4
123 45 6
2 4
1 1
2
2 2
=+ +
+
1 2
123 45 6
2 4
1
1
2 2
=+ +
+
1 2 3
1 1 +
123 45 6
2 4
7 8 9
7 7
1 1
2 2 2 2
=+ +
+=
+ −
+
1 2
31 3 3= ⇒ =
⇒
123 45 6
2 4
7 8 8 9
7 9
1 9
1
1 1
2 2 2
2
=+ +
+=
− ⋅ + +
− +
= ⇒ =
1 2
y
y0
x0
x
P(x , y )0 0
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1 1
1
⋅ − −
+ −=
2 2 32
4
431
1
1 2
12 31 31
4 4= +
1 1= ± ⇒ ±23
24
5
6
1 2 3 4 1 2 31 2
5
6 78
5
6 781 2 3 4 1 2 3 4= − = − −
⇒
1 1
1
⋅ − − +
+=
2 3 4 3
5
31
1 1 21
3 3= +
⇒
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1
⇒
1 2 3
1 42
1
1
1 2 3
3 24 56
5
12 312 3 3
12 3 13+ = ⇒
+ = ⇒ = −
+ = − ⇒ = −
12
34
4 4
4 4
s
1 2 3 4
1 35
1 1
⋅ + ⋅ +
+=
6
12 13 12 13 212 13 42
+ = ⇒ + = + ⇒ = −+ = − ⇒ = −
123
5 6 56 5
12 3 45 6 7
2 45
42 68 7
49
15943 1 5
1 1
=⋅ + ⋅ − +
+=
= − +
= ⇒ =
1 2
A
B
Ch
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↔
12
↔12
↔12
12↔
1 2 3 2
2 2
4
51
1
= = − +
+ −=↔1
1 2 3 1 1 2
1 2 3
3=
∈ ⇒ ⇒
⇒1 2 3 4
1 4
2 1 3 5
4 1
1
2 2
1
2 2
⋅ + −
+
=
+ +
+
1
2
3
34
51
2
6
34
−
=
+
1 2 31 4
1 2 31 4 1 3
56
1 2 31 4 1 2
1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
− = + ⇒
− = + ⇒ = −
− = − − ⇒ = −
1
23
43
⇒
∈
1 2 3 4 2 5
2 4
67
891 1
= ⋅ + ⋅ +
+=
1
23
4=
1 1
1 2 3 4 5 4 5 6
4 46 3 7
892 9 2 29 9
3 7 5 3 7 5
1 2
= ⇒ = ⋅ + ⋅ +
+⇒ = ±
+ = + + =
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1 2 3 41 2 1 21 12 2= ⇒
⇒ = =1 2 34 56 1 34 21 2 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5 5
2 46 2
6
7 8 8
2 6
7
6
7
1 2
3
= ⋅ + ⋅ +
+= ⇒ = ±
= =
1 2
34 56 1 7
23
4= =
1 23= α αα α
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1 2 3 4 5= − + −1
2
1
2
1 2 1 2
⇒
⇒
⇒
≤
≥
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λ λ
⇔ λ
⇔ λ
⇔ λ
λ λ ∆
∆
∆
∆
> ↔
= ↔
< ↔
1
1
1
1
1
1
3456784 6
86794784 6
48476 6
λ
λ
λ
λ
1 2 3 4
1 3
4 22 25
22 25 2 42
1 1
⋅ + ⋅ +
+= → + =
+ = ± → = − = −
66
6 6 89 6
λ
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1 11 1
1
1 1 2 3+ = → =1 2
1 2 2
1 21 3 3
1 1
+ ⋅ +
+= → + =
11
1 = − −1 1 1 = − +1 1
1 2 1 21 2
3 4 4 5 3 4 4 51 2 1 27 8 7+ − − = + − + =
12
1
2 45
1
1 2
3
= −
−=
⊥
1
233
433
→ = −
6 7
8 6
9
77
1 1
1
1 1
1 1 1
1 1
− − − −
+ −=
− − = +
+ + = +
+ + =
2 3 4 2
3
3
5 4 3
46 78 38 3
49 78 37
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 2
1 2
1 = −
= −2
34
5
6 89 1
1 2 1 21 2
3 456
7 3 37
71 2 3 4 1 2 3 49 9+ = − − + = − −
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λ 1 λ 1
λ λ 1
1 2
2
2 3 4 2 5 6 7 8
2 123
> +9 5 5
λ λ 1
1 2
2
3456253272832992532
2
1
23
43
= + 9 9
λ λ 1
1 2 1 2
2
32456723
2
123 − < < +8 8 9 8 8
λ λ 1
1 2
2
34562532785329892532
2
1
2
3
43 = − 9 9
λ λ 1
1 2
2
345264782
123
< −9 6 6 λ λ
1
1
3
456476894
2
123
=
1 = ⋅ − ⋅ −
+ −= =
1 1
2 3
2 3 4 5 6
2 4
53
78
3
51 1
1 2 3 4
54 6 53 41 1
7 8 9
7 8 7 8 99
− − =
+ − − + =
12343
1 2
3
4 +
1 23
45 1 23
6 42 5
1
1
7 7 7 7+1 2 3 4 5 6 + − +1 2 3 4 5 6 − + =
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∆
∆ ∆
λ λ
λ λ λ
λ
λ
λ
1 2 1 23 4 3 3 41 1 − + − =
→ λ λ
1 2 1 23 4 4 3 51 1 − + − =
→ λ λ
12 1 1 1 31 1
− + − =1 2 1 2
→ λ λ
λ
λ
++ + + − =
− − + + + =
123
43
+ = → + =
1 2 31 32 4 5
1 2 1 62 4 5
41 72 5 1 32 5 89
1
1 1
λ
→
→
−1
2
− ⋅ −
=1 2
3
4
3
1
2
3
21 −1
2 3 4
λ λ
λ
λ
λ λ λ λ
λ λ
1 21
1
1
1 −
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