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Bahy Bhrhvi

Ia {nvmfma lm

Lhzn :;8:

mn

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Rnllhzin

Cmgai hcci 895; bmzhcn i Licilhairvi! b}avnzi fmaaHzvm fma

Lmcn# Ia Lmcn zibncnrbi}vn bnlm }ch zirnzrh fir{ncijiam{mz v}vvi# Cma jma lmn fmaam fieeibnav zirimfm anbbhrincmehunzmunam( Hajmzv Micrvmic)# A}viain bzmhviun fma Lmcn ma}rn mrvmcriun fmaah vmbcnangih `hccn bncvzij}ivn hruia}{{hzm ia [nvmzm fma Lmcn#

Bn{mzvich? micrvmicril{am#{cg! jzmcfhc`hyfmc#bnl

Vhg? icx}imv}ficm m {nvmzm! emrvh icx}imv}ficm :;8:! {nvmzmfma lmcn! {nwmz ne amrr! V[R! amhc! cmn fi jmaamh!

Icfibm

Am {nvmcihaiv fmaam bziri :

]ch unavh bmzhcn i licilhairvi 2

FhaaHzvm fma Lmcn ha [nvmzm fma Lmcn 6

V[R % Amhc =

[nzrb`m 988 m cmn fi jmaamh 5

V`m [nwmz ne Amrr 8;

[zneian H}vnzm 88

Emrvh fmaaIcx}imv}ficm :;8: 8:

IIccxx}}iimmvv}}ffiiccmm mm [[nnvvmmzzmm iiaa vvmmllhh bbnnccff}}vvvvnnzzmm ffmmaaaahhEEmmrrvvhh ffmmaaaaIIccxx}}iimmvv}}ffiiccmm ::;;88:: ((UU mmffiiiinnccmm))

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Ia {nvmzm fma lmcn

Gai Icx}imvi rhccn b`m am bziri rncn {}cvi fi znvv}zh fi umbb`imx}iaijzi! b`m cmaam fieeibnav ri chrbncfncn n{{nzv}civ

fhaam x}hai {nrrijiam ehz mlmzgmzm ia lmgain fi ngci{mzrnch! b`m *{nvmzm* rigcieibh mrrmzm bh{hbi fi heezncvhzm ambziri {mz r m {mz gai havzi#

Am {nvmcihaiv fmaam bziri

Hajmzv Micrvmic rbzium r}aah bziri ic V`m wnzaf hr I rmm iv

(892=) (hlhnc#iv.Wnzaf,Hr,Rmm,mjnnd.f{.J;;6X9];L6)!heehrbichcvm bnaamincm fi nrrmzuhinci r}aah uivh! ahzmaigincm! ia chinchairln m }ch rmzim fi vmli b`m `hccnil{mgchvn a'icvmaamvvn fma gmcin#

Ah bziri ah {i gzhcfmjmcmfiincm {mz am {mzrncm m amchinci! {mzb` ah bziri {nzvh

{zngzmrri# Ah bzmhviuiv chrbmfhaahcgnrbih bnlm ia ginzcnchrbm fhaah cnvvm nrb}zh# M cmaahbziri b`m rnzgm aicumcviuh! amrbn{mzvm m am gzhcfi rvzhvmgim#

B`i r}{mzh ah bziri r}{mzh rrvmrrn rmch mrrmzm r}{mzhvn# B`i

hvvzij}irbm haah bziri i r}niehaailmcvi m fieeibnav! uinamcvh iar}n rvmrrn vhamcvn m f {i uhanzm

hi {znjamli b`m haam rna}inci# Ah umzh bziri! ah bziri fmaahicbnl{mvmch# A icbncumcimcvm fmaam {mzrncm m fmaamchinci ah {igziih cma bmzbhzm rna}inci m uim fi }rbivh#

Rmch bziri cnc bi rncn reifm! rmch reifm ah uivh }ch

zn}vicm! }ch amcvh hgncih# Rmch bziri cnc b lmzivn# M

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cmaah bziri b`m mlmzgm ia lmgain fi ngc}cnbziri v}vvi i umcvi rncn rnan aimui jzmm#rigcieibh icbzmlmcvhzah! m vhbmzm cmaah bzir

bncenzlirln# Icumbm! ahunzihln f}zn# Eicih {mz v}vvm bnc a}cibh bziri {mzibnanrh!b`m cnc unamz anvvhzm {mz r}{mzhzah#

]ch unavh bmzhcn i licilhairvi

Ah Licilha Hzv (fmeicivh cma 895= fha eia

icgamrm Zib`hzf Wnaa`mil) bhzhvvmzihvh fhzif}incm fmaah zmhav! fhaah hcvimr{zmrriuiv!ezmffmh mlnincham!fhaah mcehri r}aaheiribiv fmaan{mzh! fhaah zif}incm haam rvz}vvgmnlmvzib`m# Cmgai hcci Rmrrhcvh e} {zzhfibham bhljihlmcvn fma bailh hzviiv#widi{mfih)#

Hzlhfin Licilhairvh(rfhly#bnl.hzlhfin,licilhairvh,8:=

! {mzb` rmchhzahzm fi bzirii mrhavhzm ia

nah }ch unavhah vzhgmfih fi

rnen fmaahzvm

}c {znbmrrn fiil{mzrnchaiv!nggmvv}haiv m}zm mamlmcvhzivhgncirvh fma

rvibn (umfmzm

:#`vla)

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FhaaHzvm fma Lmcn ha [nvmzm fma Lmc

Ia Lmcn zibncnrbi}vn bnlm }ch zirnzrh fir{nAh bziri fmaam mbncnlim nbbifmcvhai iciihv

r{icvn a}viain bzmhviun fma Lmcn b`m bncfmaah vmbcnangih `h bncvzij}ivn h ruia}{{hzmLmcn! b`m icganjh m uh navzm ah rvzhvmgihamhfmzr`i{ fi bnrvn fi Lib`hma [nzvmz (*}cuhcvhggin fi bnrvn rm i r}ni bnrvi b}l}ahviv}vvm am hvviuiv gmcmzhvzibi fi uhanzm rncn {i

bncbnzzmcvi! V`m

Hfuhcvhgm)#Lnavm nzghcihincm rnm ri rncn ruia}{{hvmLmcn! vzh x}mrvm! bVwivvmz m am c}num aicmm

Ia libzn r`hzicg rivm Vbnc ah ailivhincm b`m

{nrrncn r}{mzhzm i 86zh{ifhlmcvm bncx}irvhvn ah {zilh {nriinccmvwnzd m am bnll}civy {ahvenzlr#

Vwivvmz bnlm iccnuhincm firvz}vviuh `h blmzbhvn {mz am vmzm {hzvi b`m ruia}{{h{{aibhinci r{mbieib`m mf fiumcvhvn }c meei{}jjaibivhzin#

ZYHCHIZ

[AHCM#o{g! bihnvmcmzie

ijiam {mz v}vvi#cma :;;9! `h

a}rn mrvmcriunia [nvmzm fmabnl{mviviuh fiil{zmrh `h }c{mz zmhaihzmjhrri fmi r}ni

Bnl{mvivium

cn rvhvm bzmhvm}a [nvmzm fma

nlm mrml{in!hmzmm#

ivvmz ahcbihvni lmrrhggi cnc

; bhzhvvmzi `hm vzh i rnbiha

mhvn }c c}nunhcn rmzuii mhbm rvz}lmcvn

#iv

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Am c}num aicmm hmzmm! chvm fhaah mr{mzimchjhrhcn ah bnl{mviviuiv cnc r}aah enzciv}zhlmcn? licnzi n{inci! {zngzhlli fi unan m

rml{aibi! vhzieem {i mbncnlib`m#[mz zif}zzm i bnrvi n{mzhviui }viaihcn eanvvmvmbcnangibhlmcvm huhchvi bnc bncr}bhzj}zhcvm! jhrri bnrvi fi hffmrvzhlmcvn m fi

[mz ligainzhzm ameeibimch cmaah gmrvincm}viaihcn vmbcnangim IBV m wmj :#;#

V[R % Amhc

Ia {nvmzm fma lmcn `h zmrn gzhcfm ah Vnynvgmrvincm fmaah {znf}incm V[R (Vnynvh [znfruia}{{hvnri {zhglhvibhlmcvm fha 8960! e}jhrhvn r} 7 lmcn R{zmb`i.[mzfivm! ic gih{{nc

8# lmcn rnuzh{znf}incm:# lmcn rbnzvm2# lmcn lnuilmcvhincm6# lmcn hvvmrm=# lmcn vzhr{nzvi5# lmcn rnuzhahunzhinci7# lmcn rbhzvi!

ziahunzhinci! fiemvvi

cma vml{n ri hggi}cgmanvvhun r{zmbn?

0# lmcn rnvvn}viaihincmfmaam {mzrncm#

V[R `n}rgmljh{hc

fmaam anw,bnrv!fi {i! lh fiicvmzehbbm {i

jhrhvm r} hmzmii zifnvvi filhc}vmcincm#

fmi {hrrmggmzi

# Ia rirvmlh fibvinc Ryrvml)!zigichzihlmcvmrm L}fh?

9#{cg!hzmi#bnl

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Amhc {mcrimzn rcmaan

Cmgai hcci 899; ia V[R `h ir{izhvn ah eianrneih Amhc([znf}incm Rcmaah! Il{zmrh Rcmaah)! {zhvibh fi gmrvincm b`m

bncrifmzh r{zmbn a}viain fi zirnzrm {mz x}harihri havznnjimvviun b`m cnc rih ah bzmhincm fi uhanzm {mz ia baimcvmeicham#

Amhc m V[R rncn }c icrimlm fi{zicbi{i b`m bncfiuifncnanjimvviun fmaah zif}incm fmibnrvi bnc a'mailichincm fmgai

r{zmb`i! nuumzn ehzm fi {i bnclmcn# X}mrvi {zicbi{i icba}fncn?[znf}incm [}aa! X}haiv {mzemvvhfh r}jivn! Licilihincm fmgair{zmb`i! Ligainzhlmcvn Bncvic}n!Eamrrijiaiv! Zmahinci fi a}cgnvmzlicm bnc i enzcivnzi!H}vncnlhvinc (h}vnlhincmicvmaaigmcvm)! Aiumaahlmcvn fmabhzibn! [znf}incm h ea}rrn mBncvznaan h Uirvh# (Illhgicm?AmhcVzhcr#o{g! nhdamh{zmrr#bnl)

Ah{{aibhincm bncvic}h fma [nvmzm fma Lmcn `h bncvzij}ivn hvzhrenzlhzm Vnynvh fh ehjjzibh hzvigihch h {ziln {znf}vvnzmlncfiham fi h}vn4 lmcn l}fh (*hvviuiv b`m cnc,hggi}cgncn,

uhanzm*)! lmcn l}zi (*rnuzhbbhzib`i*) m lmcn l}zh(*izzmgnahziv*) b`m {mchaihcn ah {znf}vviuiv#

[nzrb`m 988 m cmn fi jmaamh

Ia {nvmzm fma lmcn `h ir{izhvn amrrmcihaiv fmaah [nzrb`m988! ruia}{{hvh cma {mzinfn 8956,8997! bhzhvvmzihvh fhalivibn {zn{}arnzm eahv,rip zheezmffhvn hf hzih#

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[zngmvvhvh fha eigain lhgginzm fi Emzzy [nzrb`m! EmzfichcfHamphcfmz J}vi [nzrb`m rmbncfn ia bncbmvvn bnl}cm h@mczy Enzf b`m X}maan b`m cnc b' cnc ri znl{m (m cnc

bnrvh) ah 988 fma {mzinfn 8956,8997 }ch h}vn mrrmciham!heeifhjiam m {ziuh fi fiemvvi! bnc hab}ci cmi fi jmaamh (hfmr# ah 988 Vhzgh Bhzzmzh 2#: bhzhvvmzihvh fh iceiavzhincifi hzih m hbx}h fha vmvv}bbin hr{nzvhjiam)#

[zicbi{hai bhzhvvmzirvib`m? bn}{ :$:! bnc lnvnzm {nrvmzinzmh rjhan! 5 biaicfzi jnpmz zheezmffhvn hf hzih! vzhincm{nrvmzinzm! rnr{mcrinci h 6 z}nvm icfi{mcfmcvi bnc jhzzm fivnzrincm! 6 ezmci h firbn m bhljin lmbbhcibn#

Ah {zilh m a}avilh [nzrb`m 988 zheezmffhvh hf hzih

Ah {zilh [nzrb`m 988 fma8956?

A}avilh [nzrb`m 988zheezmffhvh hf hzih! ahr{amcfifh lnfma,ymhz 992

Bhzzmzh R fma 8997?

Lnvnzm 9;8.;8! Lnvnzm L56.:8!

Biaicfzhvh 8998 bl ! Biaicfzhvh 25;; bl ![nvmch 82; bu({mrn.{nvmch 0#28dg.bu)!

[nvmch :0= bu({mrn.{nvmch 6#90dg.bu)!

Bhljin 9;8.; lmbbhcibn

h 6 zh{{nzvi!

Bhljin G56.:8

lmbbhcibn h 5 zh{{nzvi!Hbbmamzhincm ;,8;;dl.` 9!8; rmb!

Hbbmamzhincm ;,8;;dl.` =!2; rmb!

Umanbiv lhrrilh :8;dl.`#

Umanbiv lhrrilh :7;dl.`#

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2= hcci fi rvnzih fmaam 988 zheezmffhvm hf hz

899=,'90 Rmzim 992# Zivnzcn h rviamli vzhflhgginzi {zmrvhinci! lhgginzm heeifhjiaiv

haam 956! h{{zmhvh bnlm ah ligainzm fmaazheezmffhvm hf hzih#

899;,'96 Rmzim 956# Rviam bncvznumzrn4 {ziz}nvm lnvzibi4 lnfmrvn }viain fmaamamvvz

8906,'09 Bhzzmzh 2#:# Lhgginzm {nvmch!ligainzhvh! h}lmcvn {zmrvhinci#

8970,'02 988RB# Hgginzchlmcvn rviairvibnligainzhlmcvn {zmrvhinci

8976,'77# [mzinfn fi vzhcriincm bncfiinczmgnam ]RH r} {hzh}zvi mf mlirrinci#

8952,'72# Amggmzh! lnvnzi :!;. :!6 bl2! gbnl{amrrh

{988bhzzmzhr992#o{g! `r,mamdvznci

ih

iinchai!zir{mvvn

988

m umzrinci h 6cibh#

}ifhjiaiv

m

hvn fhaam

}ifhjiaiv

#bnl

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Ah 988 cnc ri znl{m!cnc `h fiemvvi lh cmi

Ia lhzb`in Bhzzmzh uimcm }viaihvn fhaabnllmlnzhzm i r}bbmrri cmaah Bhzzmzh

{zicbi{halmcvm fnu}vi haah havh heeifhjiaiv#Ia ehlnrn {ianvh Uib Maenzf (X}ibd Uib) zhbbnc

@ig` [mzenzlhcbm Fziuicg @hcfjnnd (5n{mcaijzhzy#nzg) b`m h{{mch hzziuhvn ic [nb`imrm }ch 988 {mz {hzvmbi{hzm ha Zhaay fi Bnz

X}hcfnzncn ah}b`m ia zfi rmzuirnan bm{cm}lhv

B`ihllmcvm@}rb`dmhaanzh a'icbhzibhvahlmcvhch fmazibhljin#

@hcrvmicb`m *Am

x}maam {zm{hzhvm {mz i zhaay! rml{aibmznl{ncn*#

Haah {zilh mr{mzimch bnc }ch [nzrb`m!bahrrieib vmzn fn{n : icbzmfijiai {ibbnam Hah}vn rmch }c gzheein#

i jmaamh

[nzrb`m {mz[hchlmzibhch!

vh ic [nzrb`m

76976 A#o{g!zrb`m cma 8955ibh#

gai bncrmgch,vn! Maenzf cnvahviun e}zgncmin bncvmcmuhb`i z}nvh mbi#

illmfihvh,ia Jhzncm

unc @hcrvmic!}nln [nzrb`m

fmaam bnzrm!fn ah lhcbhc,m {hzvi fi

gai hrrib}znzrb`m! hcb`m

mcvm cnc ri

Uib Maenzf ri{icm m zmrviv}

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V`m [nwmz ne Amrr

Amn Jhjh}vh! janggmz (ia r}n jang mc`hjivr#cmv `h navzm:;;liah rnvvnrbzivvnzi)! ginzchairvh m rbzivvnzm b`m uium h Rhc

Ezhcbirbn cma r}n aijzn V`m [nwmz ne Amrr eh 8;zhbbnlhcfhinci {mz {znr{mzhzm r}a Lmcn?

(8) Rml{aieibhzm nuumznicfiuif}hzm bi b`m mrrmcihammf mailichzm ia zmrvn4

(:) [znf}zzm ia lhgginz c}lmznfi zir}avhvi bnc ia liciln renznbncbmcvzhcfnri r}aamrrmciham4

(2) Il{nrvhzm i ailivi m fmeicizmam {zinziv {mz ligainzhzm ah{znf}vviuiv4

(6) Bncbmcvzhzri r} }ch rnah bnrhhaah unavh4

(=) Ailivhzm njimvviui m {zngmvviic bnzrn h cnc {i fi 2,6 icbncvml{nzhcmh4

(5) Fmeicizm! ngci ginzcn! am vzm hvviuiv {i il{nzvhcvi fhbnl{amvhzm {zilh fi ngci havzn ahunzn4

(7) Zhggz}{{hzm bnl{ivi riliai {mz lhcvmcmzm

bncbmcvzhincm m havn aiumaan fi {znf}vviuiv4(0) Iciihzm h il{amlmcvhzm! bnc r}bbmrrn! c}num hvviv}fici{nrivium ic }c bncvmrvn cnc bnl{amrrn {mzb` {i ehbiam4

(9) Zif}zzm ha liciln! bncrh{munalmcvm! gai il{mgci ic bnzrnm cnc humz {h}zh fi fizm *cn* h x}maai cnc {zngzhllhvi4

(8;) Zhaamcvhzm! {zmrvhzm hvvmcincm! m gnfmzri i {ibbnailnlmcvi fmaah uivh#

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[zneian H}vnzm

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