ghid_agenti_chimici

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Lij`t mofafm ! grfmj jhjaj`t }lz mga~z} mofafm( ml ltlrj }lz à` laj}tjm( à`}tlrj `ltzrlhl }lz clbrfmlt( ztfhf{lt }lz jhfbjrlt( f`mhz}fs ml dj}jz( df` grfmjlmtfsftltj( f`dfcjrj`t dlml j}tj }lz `z ~rgdz} f`tj`tfg`lt }f j}tj }lz `z ~hl}lt ~j~fltl.

Mlrlmtjrf}tfmfhj lij`tfhgr mofafmf

7 }z`t cglrtj rl}~â`dftf ! ~gt cf à`tâh`ftf dj hl bfrgzrfhj à` mlrj cz`mtfg`jl{l z`

mg~fltgr( mlrj ij`jrjl{l g{g` }f ~zhbjrf dj tg`jr ~â`l hl alrfhj mgabf`ltjf`dz}trflhj5

7 }z`t cglrtj slrfltf ! `zalrzh lij`tfhgr mofafmf mlrj }j lchl à` ~rj{j`t ~j ~fltlj}tj irjz dj l~rjmflt( dlr mg`cgra z`gr }zr}j `zalrzh hgr j}tj dj~j}tj g}ztl dj aff dj }zb}tl`tj }lz ~rj~lrltj( lhj mlrgr ~rg~rfjtltf }z`t cglrtjslrfltj5

7 ~gt afirl ( z`jgrf ~j df}tl`tj cglrtj alrf dj hl }zr}l( à` cz`mtfj dj mzrj`tff djljr( mg`cfizrltfl tjrj`zhzf( `ltzrl lij`tzhzf mofafm. ^zhbjrfhj à` }z}~j`}fj }j~gt dj~hl}l dj hl hgmzh à` mlrj lz cg}t ij`jrltj'ztfhf{ltj( hl lhtj hgmzrf dj

az`ml. Sl~grff dj }ghsj`t( dj jxja~hz( ~gt à`tâh`f ~j trl}jzh hgr }zr}j djl~rf`djrj( jxf}tâ`d ~jrfmgh dj f`mj`dfz'jx~hg{fj.

7 }j ~gt lmzazhl; ! à` }~ltfz( à` }~jmflh à` {g`j à`mof}j( `jsj`tfhltj. Il{zh ajtl` dj

jxja~hz( j}tj alf z}gr djmât ljrzh }f }j ~gltj lmzazhl à` {g`jhj}z~jrfglrj lhj }~ltffhgr dj hzmrz( jxf}tâ`d ~jrfmghzh dj jx~hg{ff }lzf`mj`dff5

! à` gril`f}a ;z`jhj }zb}tl`tj }j lmzazhjl{l à` tj}ztzrf }f }j jhfaf`lcglrtj irjz }lz `z }j alf jhfaf`l. ]trg`tfzh }j lmzazhjl{l à` tj}ztzhg}g}( mldafzh à` rf`fmof.

7 lz g ilal hlril dj jcjmtj; ! l}z~rl }tlrff dj }l`ltltj /jcjmtj tgxfmghgifmj&5! l}z~rl ajdfzhzf /jcjmtj jmgtgxfmghgifmj&5! lhtj jcjmtj /f`mjdfz( jx~hg{ff( mgrg{fsftltj&5





9

7 ~rj{f`tl f`mga~ltfbfhftltf; }zb}tl`tj l mlrgr ~rj{j`tl }fazhtl`l à` ajdfzhdj az`ml( hl dj~g{ftlrj }lz trl`}~grt trjbzfj jsftltl djglrjmj ~rf` rjlmtffhjdf`trj jhj rj{zhtl mga~z}f cglrtj tgxfmf'f`chlalbfhf'jx~hg{fsf. Lmf{ff tlrf

rjlmtfg`jl{l sfghj`t mz bl{jhj( altjrffhj gril`fmj rjlmtfg`jl{l mz ~jrgxf{ff~ztâ`d dzmj hl jx~hg{ff }f f`mj`dff( jtm5

7 ~rj{f`tl jcjmt }f`jrifm; jcjmtzh alf azhtgr `gxj l}z~rl lmjhzfl}f gril` }jmzazhjl{l.

^lrtfmzhlrftltfhj aj`tfg`ltj trjbzfj lsztj à` sjdjrj hl;7 fdj`tfcfmlrjl ~jrfmghzhzf57 jslhzlrjl rf}mzhzf57 }tlbfhfrjl }f l~hfmlrjl al}zrfhgr dj ~rjsj`frj.

^rj{j`tl lij`tfhgr mofafmf hl hgmzh dj az`ml

Lij`tff mofafmf ~gt cf ;

7 ztfhf{ltf ml afkhglmj dj ~rgdzmtfj à` ~rgmj}zh dj az`ml57 ij`jrltf à` ~rgmj}zh dj az`ml( f`tj`tfg`lt }lz lmmfdj`lh( ~jral`j`t

}lz gml{fg`lh( }zb cgral dj;

! ~rgdz}j cf`ftj'}jmz`dlrj5

! jaf}ff à` ajdfzh dj hzmrz5

! dj}jzrf.

Al}zrfhj dj ~rjsj`frj l rf}mzrfhgr sgr lsjl à` sjdjrj tgltj agdzrfhj à` mlrjlij`tff mofafmf ~gt cf ~rj{j`tf hl hgmzh dj az`ml.





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Cfi. < Lij`tf mofafmf hl hgmzh dj az`ml

L~rgsf{fg`lrj^rgdz}j

cf`ftj;

! dj~g{ftlrj5! hfsrlrj.

̂ rgmj} tjo`ghgifm

J J J J J

A^ A^ A^

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Slhgrfcfmlbfhj @jslhgrfcfmlbfhj

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@jztrlhf{lrj

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J

LTJ@TFJ , Jx~z`jrjl hl lij`tf mofafmf ~gltj lsjl hgm }f à` tfa~zh cl{jhgr djtrl`}~grt( al`f~zhlrj( aj`tj`l`tl.

A^ ” lij`tf mofafmf ml afkhglmj dj ~rgdzmtfjJ ” lij`tf mofafmf ml jaf}ff à` ajdfzh dj az`ml





6

]tlrj dj lirjilrj

Lij`tff mofafmf }j ~gt lchl }zb cgral dj;! il{j; dj jxja~hz( gxfij`( ag`gxfd dj mlrbg`( l{gt5! hfmofdj; }ghztff lmfdj( bl{fmj( }ghsj`tf5! }ghfdj; gxfd dj mlhmfz /slr `j}tf`}&( ofdrgxfd dj }gdfz /}gdl

mlz}tfml&( gxfd dj }fhfmfz /`f}f~&.

Lij`tff mofafmf }j ~gt lchl }f }zb cgral dj altjrff à` }z}~j`}fj;! ~zhbjrf ; }z}~j`}fj dj altjrff }ghfdj à` ljr( rj{zhtltl df` ~rgmj}j

ajml`fmj }lz ~rf` tzrbfg`lrj5! czazrf ; }z}~j`}fj dj altjrff }ghfdj à` ljr( rj{zhtltl df` ~rgmj}j

tjrafmj }f'}lz mofafmj5

! mjltl /ljrg}ghf & ; }z}~j`}fj dj altjrff hfmofdj à` ljr( ~rgdz}l ~rf`mg`dj`}lrj }lz df}~jr}fj.

]tlrjl à` mlrj }j lchl lij`tff mofafmf trjbzfj lsztl à` sjdjrj hlfdj`tfcfmlrjl mlfhgr dj ~ltrz`djrj à` gril`f}a }f hl }tlbfhfrjl al}zrfhgr dj ~rgtjmtfj mghjmtfsl }f f`dfsfdzlhl.





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4. ^JRFMGHJ L]GMFLTJ LIJ@TFHGR MOFAFMF

4.<. ̂ jrfmghj dj jx~hg{fj }f f`mj`dfz J

7 jx~hg{fsftltj 7 Jx~hg{fs

@z dglr }zb}tl`tjhj ztfhf{ltj ml jx~hg{fsf /}z~z}f z`gr rjihjaj`tlrf }f`graj }~jmflhj&( mf }f lhtj }zb}tl`tj( il{gl}j( hfmofdj }lz }ghfdj( ~gt ~rgsgmljx~hg{ff à` laj}tjm mz ljrzh( à` l`zaftj hfaftj dj mg`mj`trltfj.

Hfaftjhj f`cjrfglrj }f }z~jrfglrj dj jx~hg{fj rj~rj{f`tl f`tjrslhzh dj mg`mj`trltff à` mlrj laj}tjmzh df`trj }zb}tl`tl }f ljr jx~hgdjl{l à` ~rj{j`tl z`jf }zr}j dj l~rf`djrj.

7 Hfaftjhj dj jx~hg{fj ~j`trz il{j }f sl~grf }j jx~rfal à` * sghza.Dj jxja~hz( bj`{j`zh lrj hfaftjhj dj jx~hg{fj <(2 ! ?* /à` lmj}t f`tjrslh

dj mg`mj`trltfj laj}tjmzh bj`{j`!ljr ~gltj jx~hgdl à` ~rj{j`tl z`jf }zr}j djl~rf`djrj&.

7 Hfaftjhj dj jx~hg{fj ~j`trz }ghfdj }j jx~rfal à` ai'am.]ghfdjhj f`chlalbfhj ~rj{f`tl ~jrfmgh dj jx~hg{fj dlml }z`t df}~jr}ltj à`

ljr }zb cgral dj ~zhbjrj.Slhgrfhj hfaftjhgr dj jx~hg{fj }j il}j}m à` hftjrltzrl dj }~jmflhftltj }f à`

Cf}jhj Tjo`fmj dj ]jmzrftltj.

C% C C

7 f`chlalbfhftltj 7 Cglrtj f`chlalbfh Z}gr f`chlalbfh F`chlalbfh

7 tja~jrltzrl /~z`mt& dj f`chlalbfhftltj 1 tja~jrltzrl af`fal /hl ~rj}fz`j `gralhl&( hl mlrj z` hfmofd dlilkl g ml`tftltj dj sl~grf }zcfmfj`tl ~j`trz l cgral mz ljrzh z` laj}tjm f`chlalbfh hl mg`tlmtzh mz g chlmlrl }lz }mâ`tjfj.Mz mât ~z`mtzh dj l~rf`djrj j}tj alf mgbgrât mz ltât }zb}tl`tl j}tj alf f`chlalbfhl.





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7 tja~jrltzrl /~z`mt& dj lrdjrj 1 tja~jrltzrl à`mj~â`d mz mlrj lrdjrjl f`ftfltl à`tr!z` laj}tjm f`chlalbfh ~jr}f}tl }f }j ~rg~lil. ^z`mtzh dj lrdjrj j}tj }z~jrfgr ~z`mtzhzf dj f`chlalbfhftltj /mz mâtjsl irldj Mjh}fz}&.

]zb}tl`tjhj f`chlalbfhj }z`t mlrlmtjrf{ltj à` cz`mtfj dj tja~jrltzrl/~z`mtzh& dj f`chlalbfhftltj. Grfj`tltfs( }j ~gt ztfhf{l zraltglrjhj f`tjrslhj djtja~jrltzrl dj f`chlalbfhftltj ~j`trz lij`tff mofafmf;

! f`chlalbfhf ! tja~jrltzrl dj f`chlalbfhftltj ~j}tj 2< >M5

! cglrtj f`chlalbfhf ! tja~jrltzrl dj f`chlalbfhftltj à`trj > ! 2< gM /}lz}ghfdj mlrj }j l~rf`d }~g`tl` hl ljr }lz }j l~rf`d z}gr à` mg`tlmt mz g }zr}l dj l~rf`djrj }f mg`tf`zl }l lrdl dz~l à`dj~lrtlrjl }zr}jf&5

! jxtrja dj f`chlalbfhf ! hfmofdjhj mz tja~jrltzrl dj f`chlalbfhftltj}zb > gM }f ~z`mt dj cfjrbjrj }zb =: gM.

Grfj`tltfs( ~j`trz hfmofdjhj f`chlalbfhj }j ~gltj ztfhf{l zraltglrjl }mojalmlrj l}gmfjl{l tja~jrltzrfhj dj f`chlalbfhftltj mz tja~jrltzrf z{zlhj.

Cfi. 2 Tja~jrltzrf dj f`chlalbfhftltj ~j`trz hfmofdj

Tja~. djf`chlalbfhftltj

/gM&

Tja~.z{zlhj

/gM&

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2<

Tja~. l~l mlhdl mzrj`tl

> Tja~. dj à`iojt l l~jf

Tja~. `gralhl

F`chlalbfhj ; 2<gM 7 tgf 7 ::gM

Z}gr f`chlalbfhj ; tgf 7 2<gM

Jxtrja dj f`chlalbfhj; tgf 7 >gM }f

~z`mt dj cfjrbjrj 7 =:g

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<2

Jxf}tl }zb}tl`tj mlrj }j lztgl~rf`d à` mg`tlmt mz ljrzh( moflr à` lb}j`tlz`jf }zr}j dj l~rf`djrj /chlmlrl( }mâ`tjfj( }z~rlcjtj }z~rlà`mlh{ftj&.

7 tja~jrltzrl dj lztgl~rf`djrj 1 tja~jrltzrl af`fal hl mlrj g }zb}tl`tl }j l~rf`dj }~g`tl` à` mg`tlmt mz ljrzh }f hl mlrj lrdjrjl mg`tf`zl moflr à` lb}j`tl z`jf }zr}j dj l~rf`djrj /chlmlrl }lz }mâ`tjfj&.

Dltj ~rfsf`d tja~jrltzrfhj dj f`chlalbfhftltj'lrdjrj'lztgl~rf`djrj }j il}j}m à` hftjrltzrl dj }~jmflhftltj }f à` Cf}jhj Tjo`fmj dj ]jmzrftltj .

G

]zb}tl`tjhj gxfdl`tj Gxfdl`t

Lmj}tj }zb}tl`tj ~gt djilkl gxfij`( jhjaj`t mj à`trjtf`j lrdjrjl }f ~rgsglml

f`mj`dff à` mg`tlmt mz altjrflhjhj mgabz}tfbfhj( à` ~rj{j`tl z`jf }zr}j djl~rf`djrj. Jxja~hj dj }zb}tl`tj gxfdl`tj; mhgrltf( ~jrmhgrltf( l{gtltf( lmfdzhmrgafm( l~l gxfij`ltl( ~jrgxf{ff jtm.

4.2. ^jrfmghj ~j`trz }l`ltltj

T% T _` _f

7 tgxfmftltj 7 Cglrtj tgxfm Tgxfm @gmfs Frftl`t

Tgxfmftltjl ~gltj cf djcf`ftl ml ~rg~rfjtltjl z`zf lij`t mofafm dj l ~rgsgmljcjmtj `jiltfsj l}z~rl }tlrff dj }l`ltltj.

7 Mhl}fcfmlrjl lij`tfhgr mofafmf à` cz`mtfj dj irldzh dj tgxfmftltj

Tgxfmftltjl lij`tfhgr mofafmf }j l~rjmfl{l à` cz`mtfj dj dg{l hjtlhl }tlbfhftl~rf` tj}tj dj hlbgrltgr ~j l`falhj. ^lrlajtrff mjf alf cghg}ftf ~j`trz l mzl`tfcfmlrj{zhtltjhj tj}tjhgr }z`t;

! HD :> 1 dg{l mlrj l ~rgsgmlt aglrtjl l :>* df` ~g~zhltfl tj}tltl. ]jjx~rfal à` ai }zb}tl`tl'ei. mgr~ lh l`falhzhzf tj}tlt.

! HM :> 1 mg`mj`trltfl z`jf }zb}tl`tj mlrj l ~rgsgmlt aglrtjl l :>* df`~g~zFltfl tj}tltl( mlrj l cg}t jx~z}l g ~jrfgldl djtjraf`ltl. ]j jx~rfal à` ai}zb}tl`tl'h ljr.





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^j`trz mhl}fcfmlrjl lij`tfhgr mofafmf df` ~z`mt dj sjdjrj lh tgxfmftltff }!lz}tlbfhft zraltglrjhj slhgrf;

Mltjigrfldj lij`tmofafm

HD :>/lda.grlhl}gbghl`f&

ai'ei mgr~

HD :>/lb}.~rf` ~fjhj

fj~zrf&

ai'ei mgr~

HM :>/lb}. ~rf` ~fjhj Fl

}gbghl`ftfa~ dj 4 grj&

ai'hCglrtj tgxfm 82: 8:> 8>(2:Tgxfm 2:!2>> :>!4>> >(2:!<@gmfs 2>> ! 2>>> 4>> ! 2>>> < ! :

Jxf}tl trjf mlf dj ~ltrz`djrj l lij`tfhgr mofafmf à` gril`f}a;

F`olhlrj Mg`tlmt mz ~fjhjl F`ij}tfj





<4

Fòlhlrjl mg`}tl à` ~ltrz`djrjl à` gril`f}a ~rf` f`}~frlrjl }zb}tl`tjhgr}zb cgral dj;

! il{j5! sl~grf5! ~zhbjrf.

Mg`tlmtzh mz ~fjhjl }f azmgl}jhj ; mg`}tl à` lb}grbtfl à` gril`f}a ~rf`mg`tlmtzh mz;

! }zb}tl`tj5! altjrflhj5! jmof~laj`tj dj ~rgtjmtfj fa~rji`ltj.

Fìj}tfl j}tj g mlhj dj ~ltrz`djrj à` gril`f}a à`tâh`ftl alf lhj} à` ml{zh;! lmmfdj`tjhgr /g }zb}tl`tl j}tj mg`cz`dltl mz z` lhfaj`t

/jx.{lolr( }lrj&5! `jrj}~jmtlrff `grajhgr dj hzmrz /jx. ~f~jtlrj mz izrl(

fdj`tfcfmlrjl }zb}tl`tjhgr ~rf` djiz}tlrj&5! `jrj}~jmtlrff `grajhgr dj fifj`l /aâ`mltzh }f czaltzh mz aâf`fhj

`j}~lhltj&.

7 Slhgrf hfaftl dj jx~z`jrj ~rgcj}fg`lhl

Slhglrjl hfaftl dj jx~z`jrj rj~rj{f`tl( à` ml{zh lij`tfhgr mofafmf(mg`mj`trltfl lij`tzhzf rj}~jmtfs à` ljrzh ajdfzhzf dj az`ml( mj ~gltj cf rj}~frltldj z` lìlklt( ~j g ~jrfgldl djtjraf`ltl( clrl l jxf}tl rf}mzh z`jf lhtjrlrf l }tlrff}lhj dj }l`ltltj( moflr dlml z`jgrf l~lr agdfcfmlrf cf{fghgifmj rjsjr}fbfhj(tghjrlbfhj.

À` ~rlmtfml rj}~jmtlrjl slhgrfhgr hfaftl trjbzfj }l cfj z` gbfjmtfs af`falh(lìlkltgrzh lsâ`d gbhfiltfl }l rjdzml `fsjhzh dj jx~z`jrj hl mjl alf afmlslhglrj mj ~gltj cf ~rlmtfm ltf`}l.

Mg`cgra djcf`ftfjf df` rjihjaj`tlrfhj à` sfiglrj;

slhglrjl hfaftl dj jx~z`jrj ~rgcj}fg`lhl rj~rj{f`tl ajdfl ~g`djrltl mz tfa~zh( ~j g ~jrfgldl djtjraf`ltl /~j dzrltl z`zf }mofab dj az`ml }lz ~j tjraj` }mzrt !<: af`.& l mg`mj`trltfjf lij`tzhzf mofafm à` ljr( hl `fsjhzh rj}~frltgr lh lìlkltzhzf.





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Slhgrfhj hfaftl dj jx~z`jrj ~rgcj}fg`lhl }z`t rjihjaj`tltj }f }j jx~rfal à`;

7 ai }zb}tl`tl 'a=

ljr ! ~j`trz il{j( hfmofdj }f ~zhbjrf57 `r.. cfbrj'ma=

ljr ! ~j`trz cfbrj.

Slhgrfhj hfaftl dj jx~z`jrj ~rgcj}fg`lhl }j al}glrl ~rf` ajtgdj}tl`dlrdf{ltj }lz gaghgiltj( dj mltrj hlbgrltglrj lztgrf{ltj'}~jmflhf{ltj.

Slhgrfhj hfaftl dj jx~z`jrj }j il}j}m à` Cf}jhj Tjo`fmj dj ]jmzrftltj.

M

7 mgrg{fsftltj 7 Mgrg{fs

]zb}tl`tjhj mgrg{fsj ltlml tj}ztzrfhj sff df}trziâ`dz!hj à` ~rgcz`{faj /lr}zrfmofafmj&. ]z`t lcjmtltj à` ~rf`mf~lh ~fjhjl }f azmgl}jhj `l{lhj( gmzhlrj }f bzmlhj(dlr à` ml{ dj f`ij}tfj j}tj ltlmlt }f trlmtzh il}trg!f`tj}tf`lh( mz mg`}jmf`tj cglrtjirlsj.

Mgrg{fsftltjl }j al`fcj}tl }f l}z~rl altjrflhjhgr }f j}tj z` clmtgrfa~grtl`t à` lhjijrjl altjrflhjhgr dj jxjmztfj l rj{jrsglrjhgr dj dj~g{ftlrj( lf`}tlhltffhgr tjo`ghgifmj }f lzxfhflrj ~rjmza }f l rjmf~fj`tjhgr dj dj~g{ftlrj l

dj}jzrfhgr mgrg{fsj.Grfj`tltfs( }z`t mg`}fdjrltj mgrg{fsj }zb}tl`tjhj mz ~O!zh à` f`tjrslhzh <!2}f <2!<4.

Mjhj alf à`tâh`ftj }zb}tl`tj mgrg{fsj }z`t lmf{ff }f bl{jhj tlrf dlr à`lmjl}tl mhl}l f`trl }f mga~z}f gxfdl`tf /l`zaftf ~jrgxf{f( dj jxja~hz&.

_f

7 mlrlmtjr frftl`t 7 Frftl`t

Mlrlmtjrzh frftl`t lh lij`tfhgr mofafmf }j al`fcj}tl;! hl `fsjhzh ~fjhff( dj hl }j`{ltff dj à`tj~ltzrl( z}tzrfaj ~â`l hl lr}zrf5! hl `fsjhzh gmofhgr( mz lmtfz`f dfcjrftj à` cz`mtfj dj ~rgdz} /lmtfz`jl

bl{jhgr j}tj alf ~jrfmzhgl}l djmât mjl l lmf{fhgr&; mg`kz`mtfsftj(mojrltftj }f moflr ~jrtzrblrf lhj sjdjrff5

! hl `fsjhzh brg`offhgr( z`dj ~rgdzm df}mg`cgrt rj}~frltgr à`}gtft }lz `z djtz}j }f moflr lcjmtfz`f alf irlsj mza lr cf jdjazh ~zhag`lr jtm.





<3

]ghztffhj dfhzltj lhj lij`tfhgr mgrg{fsf( dj jxja~hz( ~gt lsjl( à` cz`mtfj djmg`mj`trltfj( mlrlmtjr frftl`t.





<9

:.MHL]FCFMLRJL( JTFMOJTLRJL ]F LABLHLRJLLIJ@TFHGR MOFAFMF

:.< Mhl}fcfmlrj }f }fabghzrf irlcfmj dj lsjrtf{lrj

Df` ~z`mt dj sjdjrj lh }jmzrftltff }f }l`ltltff à` az`ml j}tj fa~grtl`t dj}tfzt mlrj }z`t tf~zrfhj dj ~jrfmghj l}gmfltj z`zf lij`t mofafm. Lmj}t cl~t l fa~z}g mhl}fcfmlrj l lij`tfhgr mofafmf mlrj }l jsfdj`tfj{j tgmalf lmj}tj l}~jmtj.

^j`trz cfjmlrj mhl}l dj lij`tf mofafmf lz cg}t }tlbfhftj;

7 dj`zafrjl( ~rf`tr!z` tjraj` mg`}lmrlt57 djcf`ftfl ( mlrj ~rjmf{jl{l tf~zrfhj dj }zb}tl`tj à`mldrlbfhj à` mhl}l

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Lmj}t }fabgh à`}gtft dj mzsâ`tzh ‘gxfdl`t‑ }j rjcjrl hl }zb}tl`tj mlrj jhfbjrjl{l gxfij` ~ztâ`d ~rgsgml }lz à`trjtf`j lrdjrjl }zb}tl`tjhgr mgabz}tfbfhj.

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dz~l z` }mzrt mg`tlmt mz g }zr}l dj l~rf`djrj }f mlrj mg`tf`zl }l lrdl }lz }l}j mg`}zaj }f dz~l à`dj~lrtlrjl }zr}jf }lz }zb}tl`tjhj }f ~rj~lrltjhjhfmofdj mz z` ~z`mt dj l~rf`djrj cglrtj }ml{zt }lz }zb}tl`tjhj }f ~rj~lrltjhjmlrj à` mg`tlmt mz l~l }lz mz ljrzh zajd jal`l il{j cglrtj f`chlalbfhj à`ml`tftltf ~jrfmzhgl}j5

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à` mg`dftff `gralhj dj trl`}~grt }lz à` mg`tlmt mz ljrzh.

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T%

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ml`mjrfij`j }lz tjrltgij`j ~rf` fòlhlrj(àìoftfrj }lz ~ltrz`djrj ~rf` ~fjhj.

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22

7 }j`}fbfhf{l`tj; }zb}tl`tjhj }f ~rj~lrltjhjmlrj ~rf` fòlhlrj }lz ~j`jtrlrj mztl`ltl~gt dl `l}tjrj z`jf rjlmtff dj of~jr}j`}fbfhf{lrj(

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~rf` fòlhlrj( fìj}tfj }lz ~j`jtrlrj mztl`ltl~gt mlz{l l`galhff ij`jtfmj jrjdftlrj }lz ~gtmrj}tj crjmsj`tl lmj}tgrl5

7 tgxfmj ~j`trz rj~rgdzmjrj ; }zb}tl`tjhj }f~rj~lrltjhj mlrj ~rf` fòlhlrj( fìj}tfj }lz~j`jtrlrj mztl`ltl ~gt ~rgdzmj grf ~gtmrj}tj crjmsj`tl jcjmtjhgr `gmfsj `jjrjdftlrj

à` ~rgij`ftzrl }lz ~gt dlz`l cz`mtffhgr }lzml~lmftltfhgr rj~rgdzmtfsj al}mzhf`j }lz cjaf`f`j.

:.2. Jtfmojtlrjl

G ~rfal fdj`tfcfmlrj }f f`cgraltff j}j`tflhj l}z~rl rf}mzrfhgr ~gtj`tflhj lhj}zb}tl`tjhgr mofafmj }z`t dltj dj jtfmojtl }zb}tl`tjf.

^j`trz ztfhf{lrjl clrl rf}mzrf l }zb}tl`tjhgr mofafmj( }z`t `jmj}lrj f`cgraltff azht alf djtlhfltj djmât mjhj ~rj{j`tltj ~j jtfmojtl( f`cgraltff mj }j il}j}m à` cf}jhj tjo`fmj dj }jmzrftltj.

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R 3: ” @gmfs ; ~gltj mlz{l lcjmtfz`f lhj ~hlaâ`fhgr à` ml{ dj fìj}tfj5

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24

Mjhj dgzl crl{j dj }jmzrftltj mlrj `z lz cg}t à`ml ~rjhzltj à`rjihjaj`tlrfhj ̀ ltfg`lhj }z`t;

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7 Crl{j!tf~ }~jmfcfmj ztfhf{lrff }zb}tl`tjhgr ~jrfmzhgl}j( rjcjrftglrj hl rf}mzrfhjmlrj ~gt l~lrjl hl ztfhf{lrjl }zb}tl`tjf ~jrfmzhgl}j /crl{j R&.

7 Crl{j!tf~ dj }jmzrftltj f`dfmâ`d rjmgal`dlrf rjcjrftglrj hl ~rzdj`tl mz mlrjtrjbzfj ztfhf{ltl }zb}tl`tl ~jrfmzhgl}l /crl{j ]&.

7 Ltrfbzfrjl `zalrzhzf Mgaz`ftltff Jmg`gafmj Jzrg~j`j df` FJ]MJ(dlml lmj}tl j}tj lhgmlt.





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23

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29

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2?

:.= Lablhlrjl

Mg`cgra hjif}hltfjf à` sfiglrj( ~hl}lrjl ~j ~fltl l lij`tfhgr mofafmf j}tj~jraf}l `zalf dlml }z`t rj}~jmtltj zraltglrjhj mjrf`tj ~j`trz lablhlkj;

! }l cfj l}tcjh ~rgfjmtltj }f rjlhf{ltj à`mât }l àa~fjdfmj grfmj ~fjrdjrj djmg`tf`zt ~rf` al`f~zhlrj( trl`}~grt }f dj~g{ftlrj5

! altjrflhjhj df` mlrj }z`t clbrfmltj lablhlkjhj }f df}~g{ftfsjhj djjtl`}lrj }l cfj rj{f}tj`tj hl ltlmzh mg`tf`ztzhzf }f }l `z cgraj{jmga~z}f ~jrfmzhg}f mz lmj}tl5

! lablhlkjhj }f }f}tjajhj dj jtl`}lrj }l cfj }ghfdj }f rj{f}tl`tj ~j`trz ljsftl grfmj ~fjrdjrj }f ~j`trz l à`dj~hf`f mrftjrffhj dj }fizrl`tl à`mg`dftffhj z`jf al`f~zhlrf `gralhj5

! lablhlkjhj }f }f}tjajhj dj à`mofdjrj mlrj }j rjà`mofd sgr cf ~rgfjmtltjl}tcjh à`mât }l }j ~gltl rjà`mofdj à` agd rj~jtlt clrl ~fjrdjrf djmg`tf`zt5

! lablhlkzh trjbzfj }l cfj à`mof} f`ftflh mz z` }fifhfz l mlrzf sfghlrj }l cfjsf{fbfhl à` agaj`tzh dj}mofdjrff lablhlkzhzf( flr }fifhfzh }l cfj frj~lrlbfhdf}trz} gdltl mz ~rfal dj}mofdjrj.





26

3. ]JA@LHF[LRJL DJ ]JMZRFTLTJ ]F DJ ]L@LTLTJ ^J@TRZLIJ@TF MOFAFMF

Mg`cgra rjihjaj`tlrfhgr à` sfiglrj( l`ilkltgrzh lrj gbhfiltfl }l ~rjsldl }f}l sjrfcfmj jxf}tj`tl }ja`lhf{lrff dj }jmzrftltj }f'}lz }l`ltltj ldjmsltj hl hgmzhdj az`ml.

@zalrzh }f la~hl}laj`tzh df}~g{ftfsjhgr dj }ja`lhf{lrj trjbzfj }l cfj à`cz`mtfj dj fa~grtl`tl rf}mzrfhgr }lz ~jrfmghjhgr }lz à` cz`mtfj dj {g`l dj hzmrz.

]ja`lhf{lrjl ~gltj cf;! ~jral`j`tl; ~l`gzrf( mzhgrf( jtfmojtlrj5! gml{fg`lhl; }ja`lh hzaf`g}( }ja`lh lmz}tfm( mgaz`fmlrj sjrblhl(

ij}t!}ja`lh.

3.< ^l`gzrf dj }ja`lhf{lrj

Rjcjrftgr hl ~jrfmghjhj l}gmfltj lij`tfhgr mofafmf( }j ztfhf{jl{l dfcjrftjtf~zrf dj }ja`lhf{lrf ~jral`j`tj( mza lr cf;

~l`gzrf dj f`tjr{fmjrj

LTJ@TFJ, ]ja`lhf{lrjl rjcjrftglrj hl g f`tjrdfmtfj( z` lsjrtf}aj`t( ggbhfiltfj }f mjl mlrj ~rfsj}tj hgmlhf{lrjl }f fdj`tfcfmlrjlafkhglmjhgr dj }lhslrj }lz dj ~rfa lkztgr trjbzfj }l }j clml~rf`tr!g agdlhftltj ~jral`j`tl.

Czaltzh f`tjr{f}F`tjr{f} cgm

dj}mof} }f f`tjr{f}

czaltzh

F`tjr{f}l }tf`ijrjlmz l~l

F`tjr{f} ~fjtg`fhgr F`trlrjl f`tjr{f}l~jr}gl`jhgr

`jlztgrf{ltj





=>

~l`gzrf dj lsjrtf{lrj

~l`gzrf dj gbhfiltfsftltj

Altrflhjjx~hg{fsj

Altjrflhj f`chlalbfhj}lz mz tja~jrltzrf

à`lhtj

Altjrflhjmgabz}tfbfhj

Altjrflhj tgxfmj Altjrflhjmgrg{fsj

Altjrflhj ̀ gmfsj }lzfrftl`tj

^rgtjmtfj gbhfiltgrfjl sjdjrff

^rgtjmtfj gbhfiltgrfjl mlfhgr rj}~frltgrff

^rgtjmtflgbhfiltgrfj l cfizrff

^rgtjmtfj gbhfiltgrfj lmgr~zhzf

^rgtjmtfj gbhfiltgrfj l~fmfglrjhgr

^rgtjmtfj gbhfiltgrfj laâf`fhgr





=<

~l`gzrf dj }lhslrj }lz dj ~rfa lkztgr

~l`gzrf ~rfsf`d altjrflhjhj }lz jmof~laj`tjhj ~j`trz ~rjsj`frjl }f

}tfìjrjl f`mj`dffhgr

À` cz`mtfj dj mlrlmtjrf}tfmfhj }~jmfcfmj lhj hgmzhzf dj az`ml }j ~gt ztfhf{l(dz~l ml{ }f }ja`lhf{lrf gml{fg`lhj.

3.2. ]ja`lhf{lrjl ~j rjmf~fj`tj }f mg`dzmtj

Trjbzfj }l cfj }ja`lhf{ltj mz jtfmojtj mlrj }l mg`tf`l g ~fmtgirlal }lzz` }fabgh ~j mzhglrjl dj cg`d;

7 Rjmf~fj`tjhj ztfhf{ltj hl hzmrz57 Rjmf~fj`tjhj ztfhf{ltj ~j`trz dj~g{ftlrj57 Mg`dzmtjhj sf{fbfhj(

mlrj mg`tf` lij`tf mofafmf.

^rfa lkztgr Brl`mlrdl Dz} dj }jmzrftltjMzrltfrjl gmofhgr

Czrtz` dj f`mj`dfz ]mlrl Jxtf`mtgr /]tfìltgr& Tjhjcg` ~j`trz~rjsj`frjl }f }tfìjrjl

f`mj`dffhgr





=2

]ja`lhf{lrjl trjbzfj }l cfj ~hl}ltl à` zraltglrjhj mg`dftff;

! ~j ~lrtjl'~lrtfhj sf{fbfhl/j&5

! à`tr!z` agd }zcfmfj`t dj rj~jtftfs /alf lhj} ~j`trz mg`dzmtj&5! }zb cgral rfifdl( lztgmghl`tl }lz ~fmtltl.

Ltz`mf mâ`d j}tj }zcfmfj`tl fdj`tfcfmlrjl irz~jf dj lij`t mofafm }j ~gltjztfhf{l dglr mzhglrjl dj cg`d. Mâ`d j}tj `jmj}lrl g fdj`tfcfmlrj alf ~rjmf}l llij`tzhzf( }j zfhf{jl{l }ja`lhf{lrf }z~hfaj`tlrj.

Jxja~hj dj mzhgrf dj cg`d;

L~l Lbzr Lmf{f'bl{j

Zhjfzrf }fmgabz}tfbf hfmof{f

Il{j mgabz}tfbfhj





==

9. DJ^G[FTLRJL( AL@F^ZHLRJL]F TRL@]^GRTZH LIJ@TFHGR MOFAFMF

Rj}~g`}lbfhftltf

L`ilkltgrzh rl}~z`dj ~j`trz dj}cl}zrlrjl lmtfsftltfhgr hjiltj dj dj~g{ftlrjl(al`f~zhlrjl }f trl`}~grtzh lij`tfhgr mofafmf( ml ~j`trz grfmlrj lhtl lmtfsftltj(l}tcjh à`mât }l }j l}fizrj }jmzrftltjl }f }l`ltltjl à` az`ml.

La~hl}lrjl dj~g{ftjhgr

Hgmzh dj la~hl}lrj l dj~g{ftjhgr trjbzfj;

! }l cfj z}gr lmmj}fbfh ~j`trz sjofmzhj( f`mhz}fs ~j`trz mjhj mz ilblrftalrj; dj trl`}~grt( dj ~ga~fjrf jtm5! }l cfj( ~j mât ~g}fbfh( }ftzlt hl dj~lrtlrj dj {g`jhj dj hzmrz }f dj mjhj

hgmzftj. Dj~g{ftjhj dj}mof}j ~j`trz lij`tf mofafmf mlrj ~rgdzm ~zhbjrfhl al`f~zhlrj sgr cf la~hl}ltj hl g df}tl`tl dj 2>a cltl dj mhldfrfhjf`dz}trflhj }f hl :>a cltl dj mhldfrfhj }gmflhj }f }l`ftlrj lhj mga~hjxzhzff`dz}trflh5

! }l cfj gril`f{lt ~j mhl}j dj ~rgdz}j df}tf`mtj( fdj`tfcfmlbfhj clrl rf}m djmg`cz{fj( ~rf` ztfhf{lrjl mhl}fcfmlrff dj jtfmojtlrj( dj jx. ~rgdz}jf`chlalbfhj( ~rgdz}j mgrg{fsj jtm.

Ij}tfg`lrjl'gril`f{lrjl dj~g{ftjhgr

J}tj rjmgal`dlbfh }l }j }tlbfhjl}ml z` ~hl` dj dj~g{ftlrj mlrj }l~jraftl hgmlhf{lrjl ~rjmf}l l dfcjrftjhgr mhl}j dj ~rgdz}j }f }l }j tf`l g jsfdj`tlmhlrl l }tgmzrfhgr dj ~rgdz}j l}tcjh à`mât à` ml{ dj f`mj`dfz }lz dj lslrff }l cfj~g}fbfhl mz`gl}tjrjl rl~fdl l;

! `ltzrff ~rgdz}jhgr5! ml`tftltfhgr df` cfjmlrj ~rgdz}5! hgmzhzf dj dj~g{ftlrj.

Dj~g{ftlrjl lij`tfhgr mofafmf }j clmj l}tcjh à`mât }l }j jxmhzdl ~jrfmghzhdj lmmfdj`tlrj( f`mj`dfz( jx~hg{fj.Lij`tff mofafmf mlrj `z }z`t jx~hg{fsf( f`chlalbfhf( mlz}tfmf }lz mgrg{fsf }f

}z`t lablhltf à` hl{f( }lmf }lz blhgtzrf }j dj~g{ftjl{l à` }tfsj mz râ`dzrf à`trjtj}ztj.

Dj~g{ftlrjl lij`tfhgr mofafmf ~j rlctzrf }f }tjhlkj }j clmj l}tcjh à`mât }l `zcfj ~g}fbfhl mldjrjl lmj}tgrl.

]j sl }mrfj hl hgm sf{fbfh }lrmf`l alxfal ldaf}l mlrj `z trjbzfj dj~l}ftl.





=4

^j lablhlkj }j aj`tfg`jl{l al}l brztl ~rf` }mrfjrj dfrjmtl ~j lablhlk}lz ~rf` jtfmojtlrj.

Laj`lklrjl dj~g{ftjhgr

Dj~g{ft dj lij`tf mofafmf

Rj{f}tj`tl hl mgrg{fz`j Rjmf~fj`tjhj à` mlrj }z`t dj~z}f lij`tff mofafmf( trjbzfj }l cfj rj{f}tj`tj hl

mgrg{fz`j.

Alrmlrj Dj~g{ftjhj dj lij`tf mofafmf trjbzfj }l cfj fdj`tfcfmlbfhj ~rf` ~l`gzrf mz

f`dfmltff mhlrj ~rfsf`d `ltzrl ~rgdz}zhzf dj~g{ftlt. À` ml{zh rj{jrsglrjhgr j}tj bf`j}l }j alrmoj{j }f ml~lmftltjl dj dj~g{ftlrj.

Ml`lhf{lrjl mj dj}jrsj}tj dj~g{ftjhj trjbzfj }l cfj }f jl z}grfdj`tfcfmlbfhl.





=:

Mg`trghzh za~hjrff Cfjmlrj rj{jrsgr }lz mf}tjr`l trjbzfj }l cfj dgtlt mz z` f`dfmltgr mlrj }l

~jraftl mg`trghzh `fsjhzhzf dj za~hjrj.

Mzsj dj rjtj`tfj Rj{jrsglrjhj }lz mf}tjr`jhj trjbzfj }l cfj dgtltj mz g mzsl dj rjtj`tfj

mlrj;! }l cfj jxjmztltl df`tr!z` altjrflh rj{f}tj`t hl ~rgdz}zh dj~g{ftlt5! }l lfbl g ml~lmftltj mjh ~ztf` jilhl mz ml~lmftltjl rj{jrsgrzhzf5! }l ~jraftl jslmzlrjl l~jhgr ~hzsflhj( clrl laj}tjmlrjl mz ~rgdz}zh

dj~g{ftlt.

Hjilrjl hl ~laâ`t /àa~laâ`tlrjl& Tgltj rj{jrsglrjhj }lz mf}tjr`jhj cfxj mg`tf`â`d }zb}tl`tj f`chlalbfhj

trjbzfj }l cfj hjiltj hl ~laâ`t.

]j~lrlrjl ~rgdz}jhgr Z`jhj ~rgdz}j ~gt rjlmtfg`l sfghj`t mz }zb}tl`tj mz mlrj }z`t

f`mga~ltfbfhj. Dj jxja~hz( }zb}tl`tjhj mgabz}tfbfhj ~gt rjlmtfg`l sfghj`t mz~rgdz}ff gxfdl`tf jxf}tâ`d ~jrfmgh dj f`mj`dfz. J}tj rjmgal`dlbfh }l }jdj~g{ftj{j àa~rjz`l lij`tff mofafmf l~lrtf`â`d lmjhjl}f mhl}j.





=3

]mojal dj dj~g{ftlrj l lij`tfhgr mofamf à` cz`mtfj dj ~jrfmghjhj }~jmfcfmj

! `z trjbzfj dj~g{ftltj àa~rjz`l> `z trjbzfj dj~g{ftltj àa~rjz`l djmât mz al}zrf dj ~rjmlztfj}~jmfcfmj% ~gt cf dj~g{ftltj àa~rjz`l

]j~lrlrjl mhl}jhgr dj lij`tf mofafmf }j ~gltj clmj ~rf`;! dj~g{ftlrjl hl df}tl`tj }zcfmfj`t dj alrf l lij`tfhgr mofafmf

f`mga~ltfbfhf5! dj~g{ftlrjl à` hgmlhzrf dfcjrftj }lz à` mga~lrtfaj`tj à`mof}j5! dj~g{ftlrjl à` dzhl~zrf }~jmflhj ~j`trz ~rgdz}j f`chlalbfhj5! dj~g{ftlrjl à` }~ltff jxtjrfglrj sj`tfhltj `ltzrlh.

Sj`tfhlrjl dj~g{ftjhgr À` ml{zh dj~g{ftjhgr à`mof}j( lmj}tjl trjbzfj }l cfj sj`tfhltj

mgrj}~z`{ltgr.Dj~g{ftjhj trjbzfj }l lfbl g sj`tfhltfj `ltzrlhl( mz f`trlrj dj ljr à` {g`l

f`cjrfglrl l à`ml~jrff }f fj}frj dj ljr ~j ~lrtjl g~z}l l à`ml~jrff( à` {g`l}z~jrfglrl. Dlml j}tj `jmj}lrl sj`tfhltfj ajml`fml( lmjl}tl sl cf à` }f}tjal`tfjx( ~j`trz dj~g{ftjhj dj ~rgdz}j jx~hg{fsj'f`chlalbfhj.

LTJ@TFJ, Lij`tff mofamf mgrg{fsf ~gt df}trzij lablhlkjhj lhtgr}zb}tl`tj( dj lmjjl jf trjbzfj dj~g{ftltf }j~lrlt.





=9

Jmof~laj`tj dj fhzaf`lt( dj f`mlh{frj( dj trl`}~grt }f dj aj`tj`l`tl Tgltj jmof~laj`tjhj ztfhf{ltj à` mldrzh dj~g{ftjhgr dj lij`tf mofamf

f`chlalbfhf trjbzfj }l rj}~jmtj rjihjaj`tlrfhj ~rfsf`d {g`jhj mz rf}m dj f`mj`dfz }f

jx~hg{fj ” }f}tja l`tfjx.Laj`lklrf ~j`trz }ftzltffhj dj zrij`tl ! afkhglmjhj dj }tf`ijrj l f`mj`dffhgr }f dj lmgrdlrj l ~rfazhzf lkztgr

trjbzfj }l cfj df}~g`fbfhj à` hgmzrf lmmj}fbfhj( }ja`lhf{ltjmgrj}~z`{ltgr5

! mlfhj dj jslmzlrj trjbzfj }l cfj djilkltj }f }ja`lhf{ltj mgrj}~z`{ltgr.

Al`f~zhlrjl }f trl`}~grtzh lij`tfhgr mofafmf

^j`trz à`mlrmlrjl'dj}mlrmlrjl lij`tfhgr mofamf j}tj rjmgal`dlbfhljhlbgrlrjl z`jf ~rgmjdzrf mlrj }l ~rjmf{j{j gbhfiltffhj trl`}~grtltgrzhzf }f lhj

mjhzf mlrj clmj rjmj~tfl.

Lmjl}tl ~rgmjdzrl sl mg`tf`j }f ~hl`zh dj mfrmzhltfj lh sjofmzhzhzf à` à`trj~rf`djrj( agdzh dj g~jrlrj( ~rgtjmtfl f`dfsfdzlhl }f al}zrfhj à` ml{ djlmmfdj`t.

Hgmzrfhj dj à`mlrmlrj'dj}mlrmlrj }f dj~g{ftlrj l lij`tfhgr mofafmf mlz}tfmf(mgrg{fsf }lz tgxfmf( sgr cf dgtltj mz }ghztff `jztrlhf{l`tj ~rjmza }f mz }zr}j djl~l( rj}~jmtfs dz}zrf ~j`trz }~lhlrj.





=?

L`ilkltff mlrj ~lrtfmf~l hl al`f~zhlrjl }f trl`}~grtzh lij`tfhgr mofafmf trjbzfj}l cfj cgraltf }f f`}trzftf mgrj}~z`{ltgr( à` ~rfsf`tl }lrmf`fhgr dj hzmrz mât }f à`

~rfsf`tl;! rf}mzrfhgr hjiltj dj al`f~zhlrjl'trl`}~grtzh lij`tfhgr mofamf5! al}zrfhgr ~rjsj`tfsj5! jhfaf`lrff dj}jzrfhgr ~jrfmzhgl}j5! ~hl`zhzf dj lmtfz`j à` ml{ dj lslrff }lz f`mj`dfz5! lmgrdlrff ~rfazhzf lkztgr.

Tgtf rjmf~fj`tff à` mlrj }j lchl lij`tf mofamf trjbzfj jtfmojtltf mgrj}~z`{ltgr.

Jtfmojtlrjl ~j`trz trl`}~grt Mg`tlf`jrjhj( rj{jrsglrjhj agbfhj }f lhtj afkhglmj ztfhf{ltj trl`}~grtzh

lij`tfhgr mofafmf sgr cf jtfmojtltj mgrj}~z`{ltgr.

Il{j }f hfmofdj ]zb}tl`tj ]zb}tl`tjf`chlalbfhj gxfdl`tj tgxfmj

Al}zrfhj dj ~rjsj`frj ~j`trz dj~g{ftlrjl( al`f~zhlrjl }f trl`}~grtzh lij`tfhgrmofafmf }j sgr rj}~jmtl }f à` ml{zh dj}jzrfhgr mofafmj.

LTJ@TFJ, Hl trl`}sl{lrj( jtfmojtl rjmf~fj`tfhgr }jmz`dlrf trjbzfj

}l rj~rgdzml jtfmojtl rjmf~fj`tzhzf ~rfalr.

LTJ@TFJ, @z laj}tjmltf à` lmjhl}f rjmf~fj`t dj}jzrf df` mhl}jdfcjrftj, Rjmf~fj`tff à` mlrj lz cg}t dj~g{ftltj dj}jzrfl mlrgr mga~g{ftfj `z j}tj mz`g}mztl }j sgr jtfmojtlmz ‘~jrfmgh ij`jrlh‑.





=6

?. ]ZR]J DJ F@CGRALRJ ^RFSF@D LIJ@TFF MOFAFMF

Jtfmojtl

^rfal }zr}l dj f`cgralrj ~rfsf`d rf}mzrfhj hjiltj dj z` lij`t mofafm gmg`}tftzfj jtfmojtl.

F`cgraltffhj czr`f{ltj dj jtfmojtl mg`}tftzfj af`faza `jmj}lr ~j`trzrjmz`gl}tjrjl rl~fdl l ~jrfmghjhgr }f l al}zrfhgr dj }jmzrftltj.

Cf}jhj tjo`fmj dj }jmzrftltj

Cf}jhj tjo`fmj dj }jmzrftltj gcjrl f`cgraltff alf djtlhfltj djmàt mjhj dj ~j

jtfmojtl( rjcjrftglrj hl rf}mzrfhj hjiltj dj lij`tff mofafmf.Mg`cgra hjif}hltfjf à` sfiglrj( cf}jhj tjo`fmj dj }jmzrftltj( lz zraltglrjl}trzmtzrl;

CF]Ê TJO@FML DJ ]JMZRFTLTJ

<.Fdj`tfcfmlrjl }zb}tl`tjf. ^rgdzmêtgr'Fa~grtltgr'Ztfhf{ltgr'Trl`}~grtgr

2.Mga~g{ftfl'f`cgraltff l}z~rl mga~g`j`tjhgr

=.Fdj`tfcfmlrjl ~jrfmghjhgr /dj l~rf`djrj }f jx~hg{fj&

4.^rfazh lkztgr

:.Al}zrf dj ~rjsj`frj l f`mj`dffhgr

3.Al}zrf hzltj à` ml{ dj }ml~lrf lmmfdj`tlhj

9.Al`f~zhlrj }f dj~g{ftlrj

?.Mg`trghzh `fsjhzhzf dj `gxj'~rgtjmtfj f`dfsfdzlhê

6.^rg~rfjtltf cf{fmj }f mofafmj

<>.]tlbfhftltj }f rjlmtfsftltj

<<.F`cgraltff tgxfmghgifmj





4>

<2.F`cgraltff jmghgifmj. Jcjmtjhj ~rgdz}zhzf à` ajdfzh à`mg`kzrêtgr(~jr}f}tj`tl }f bfgdjirldlbfhftltjl( tgxfmftltj

<=.Mg`}fdjrltff rjcjrftglrj hl jslmzlrj /ml~tlrj( `jztrlhf{lrj( djsjr}lrjjtm.&

<4.F`cgraltff rjcjrftglrj hl trl`}~grt

<:.F`cgraltff rjcjrftglrj hl rjihjaj`tlrf }~jmflhj

<3.Lhtj f`cgraltff

Cf}jhj tjo`fmj dj }jmzrftltj trjbzfj }l cfj hl df}~g{ftfl l`ilkltgrzhzf mlrj hj

~z`j hl df}~g{ftfl }~jmflhf}tfhgr à` }l`ltltjl }f }jmzrftltjl az`mff( ajabrfhgrmgaftjtzhzf dj }l`ltltj }f }jmzrftltj à` az`ml( ajdfmzhzf dj ajdfmf`l az`mff(f`}~jmtgrfhgr dj az`ml.

@grajhj }~jmfcfmj dj ~rgtjmtfj l az`mff

@grajhj }~jmfcfmj dj ~rgtjmtfj l az`mff ~rj{f`tl à` djtlhfz al}zrfhj dj~rjsj`frj l mga~grtlaj`tzhzf lmmfdj`tgij` lh jxjmztl`tzhzf ~j`trz z` l`zaft tf~dj lmtfsftltj df` jmg`gafl `ltfg`lhl.

Hf}tl lmtfsftltfhgr ~j`trz mlrj }j jhlbgrjl{l `graj }~jmfcfmj j}tj }tlbfhftl

dj Hjijl ^rgtjmtfjf Az`mff.

F`}trzmtfz`f ~rg~rff dj }jmzrftltj l az`mff

F`}trzmtfz`fhj ~rg~rff dj }jmzrftltj l az`mff mz~rf`d( }zb cgral dj~rjsjdjrf( al}zrfhj dj ~rgtjmtfj l az`mff ~rf` l mlrgr rj}~jmtlrj }j zralrj}tjjhfaf`lrjl mga~grtlaj`tzhzf lmmfdj`tgij` lh jxjmztl`tzhzf( djtlhff`d }f ldl~â`ddf` lmj}t ~z`mt dj sjdjrj @grajhj ]~jmfcfmj dj ^rgtjmtfj l Az`mff hl mg`dftffhjmg`mrjtj dltj.

F`}trzmtfz`fhj }j rjsf{zfj}m ~jrfgdfm( agdfcfmlrfhj ldzmâ`dz!}j hlmz`g}tf`tl l`ilkltfhgr.





4<

6. ^RJSJ@FRJL RF]MZRFHGR HJILTJ DJJ_^Z@JRJL HL LIJ@TF MOFAFMF

6.<. ^rf`mf~ff ij`jrlhj dj ~rjsj`frj

À` }tlbfhfrjl al}zrfhgr dj l}fizrlrj l }jmzrftltff }f }l`ltltff à` az`mllìlkltgrzh trjbzfj }l mz`gl}ml }f }l l~hfmj zraltglrjhj ~rf`mf~ff ij`jrlhj dj~rjsj`frj;

! jsftlrjl rf}mzrfhgr5! jslhzlrjl rf}mzrfhgr mlrj `z ~gt cf jsftltj5! mgabltjrjl rf}mzrfhgr hl }zr}l5! ldl~tlrjl az`mff hl ga( à` }~jmflh à` mj ~rfsj}tj ~rgfjmtlrjl hgmzrfhgr dj

az`ml( lhjijrjl jmof~laj`tzhzf tjo`fm }f l ajtgdjhgr dj az`ml( à`sjdjrjl afm}grlrff ag`gtg`fjf az`mff }f l }tlbfhfrff z`gr rftazrf dj hzmrz~rjdjtjraf`ltj }f rjdzmjrff jcjmtjhgr hgr l}z~rl }l`ltltff5

! ldl~tlrjl hl ~rgirj}zh tjo`fm5! à`hgmzfrjl ~jrfmghjhgr ~rf` `g !̀~jrfmghj }lz ~jrfmghj alf afmf5! dj{sghtlrjl z`jf ~ghftfmf dj ~rjsj`frj mz~rf`{ltglrj }f mgjrj`tj( mlrj }l

mz~rf`dl tjo`ghgiffhj( gril`f{lrjl az`mff }f l mg`dftffhgr dj az`ml( rjhltffhj}gmflhj }f f`chzj`tl clmtgrfhgr dj ajdfz5

! ~rfgrftltjl al}zrfhgr dj ~rgtjmtfj mghjmtfsl cltl dj al}zrfhj dj ~rgtjmtfjf`dfsfdzlhl5

! ~rjsjdjrjl dj f`}trzmtfz`f mgrj}z`{ltglrj ~j`trz lìlkl tf.

^lrtfmf~l`tf^rjsj`frjl rf}mzrfhgr j}tj z` ~rgmj} mga~hjx à` mlrj trjbzfj }l ~lrtfmf~j;

! lìlkltgrzh5! }~jmflhf}tff à` }jmzrftltj }f }l`ltltj à` az`ml }f ajdfmf`l az`mff( df`

z`ftltj5! rj~rj{j`tl`tff lìlkltfhgr5! lìlkltff.





42

Fjrlrof{lrjl al}zrfhgr dj ~rjsj`frj

AL]ZRF ^RFALRJ

RF]M GA JHFAF@LRJL RF]MZRFHGR

AL]ZRFHJ TRJBZFJ ]L LMTFG@J[J À@^RFAZH RÂ@D L]Z^RL ]ZR]JF DJ CLMTGRFDJ RF]M

AL]ZRF ]JMZ@DLRJ

GA F[GHLRJL RF]MZRFHGR

CLMTGRFF DJ RF]M ^JR]F]TL( DLR ^RF@AL]ZRF DJ ^RGTJMTFJ MGHJMTFSL ]JJSFTL ]LZ ]J DFAF@ZJL[L LMTFZ@JL HGRL]Z^RL GAZHZF

RF]M

AL]ZRF TJRTFLRJ

GA JSFTLRJL RF]MZRFHGR

F@TJRLMTFZ@JL DF@TRJ CLMTGRFF DJRF]M ]F GA ]J JSFTL ^RF@ AL]ZRFGRIL@F[LTGRFMJ ]F RJIHJAJ@TLRF^RFSF@D MGA^GRTLAJ@TZH

RF]M

AL]ZRF MZLTJR@LRJ

F[GHLRJL GAZHZF

HFAFTLRJL LMTFZ@FF CLMTGRFHGR DJRF]M ]J CLMJ ^RF@ ^RGTJMTFJF@DFSFDZLHL

RF]M GA





4=

6.2. Jtl~jhj ~rgmj}zhzf dj ~rjsj`frj l rf}mzrfhgr hjiltj dj jx~z`jrjl hl lij`tf mofafmf

^rjsj`frjl jx~z`jrff hl rf}mzrf mofafmj }j ~gltj rjlhf{l ~rf` ~lrmzrijrjlzraltglrjhgr jtl~j;

F. Djhfaftlrjl rf}mzhzf;

<. @ltzrl rf}mzhzf; ! mg`tlmt /djraltg{j( lr}zrf&5! fòlhlrj /f`tgxfmlrj( l}cfxfjrj&5! fìj}tfj /f`tgxfmlrj&.

2. Hgmlhf{lrjl rf}mzhzf; ! hfsrlrj5! dj~g{ftlrj5! mfrmzhltfj5! hgmzh dj ztfhf{lrj5! sjmf`ltltf l`trj`ltj5! jslmzlrj'rjmfmhlrj.

=. Cl{j dj hzmrz; ! g~jrltff tjo`ghgifmj5! trl`}~grt5

! al`f~zhlrj5! aj`tj`l`tl.

4. @zalr dj lìlkltf jx~z}f; ! ztfhf{ltgrf5! ~jr}g`lh à`}lrmf`lt mz trl`}~grtzh( al`f~zhlrjl( `jztrlhf{lrjl }f

jslmzlrjl lij`tfhgr mofafmf5! lìlkltff lchltf à` ~rgxfaftltjl {g`jf mz rf}m.

:. F`tjrlmtfz`jl mz lhtj rf}mzrf; ! dj f`mj`dfz'jx~hg{fj5

! lmtfsftltf jxtjrfglrj /à`mlrmlrj( dj}mlrmlrj( aj`tj`l`tl&5! dj mfrmzhltfj5! jhjmtrfmj5! ml`mjrfij`j5! tjrafmj /ajdfzh dj hzmrz&.





44

FF. Jslhzlrjl rf}mzhzf;

<. Irlsftltjl f`trf`}jml5 ! mjclhjj5! djraltg{j5! lr}zrf5! rjlmtff lhjrifmj5! f`tgxfmltff'gtrlsfrj5! hj{fz`f gril`fmj /cfmlt( ~hlaâ`f( gmof jtm.& rjsjr}fbfhj'frjsjr}fbfhj5! djmj}.

2. F`tj`}ftltjl jx~z`jrff; Cz`mtfj dj;

! `ltzrl ~rgdz}zhzf5! ml`tftltjl ztfhf{ltl5! f`tjrlmtfz`jl à`trj ~rgdz}j.

=. Crjmsj`tl jx~z`jrff; ! ~jral`j`tl5! gml{fg`lhl'df}mg`tf`zl5! rlrl.

4. @jmj}ftltjl dj al}zrlrj ! al}zrlrjl mg`mj`trltffhgr dj lij`tf mofafmf }f mga~lrlrjl mz slhgrfhj

hfaftl dj jx~z`jrj ~rgcj}fg`lhl5! l`lhf{j ajdfmlhj }f mga~lrlrjl rj{zhtltjhgr mz slhglrj hfaftl bfghgifml.

Gb}jrsltfj; À` Rgaâ`fl lz cg}t ~zbhfmltj trjf ajtgdj dj jslhzlrj l rf}mzhzf dj lmmfdj`tj }f àabgh`lsfrf ~rgcj}fg`lhj.

FFF. ]tlbfhfrjl }f l~hfmlrjl al}zrfhgr dj ~rjsj`frj l rf}mzrfhgr;

<. Jhfaf`lrjl rf}mzrfhgr; ! à`hgmzfrjl lij`tzhzf mofafm ~jrfmzhg} mz z` lhtzh `j~jrfmzhg}5! à`hgmzfrjl tjo`ghgifjf ~jrfmzhgl}j mz lhtl `j~jrfmzhgl}l.





4:

2. Hfaftlrjl rf}mzhzf; Hfaftlrjl;

! `zalrzhzf dj l`ilkltf jx~z}f5

! lij`tfhgr mofafmf ztfhf{ltf5! jx~z`jrff /hl mjh alf kg} ̀ fsjh ~g}fbfh }f z` tfa~ mât alf }mzrt&.

=. ^rgtjmtfj mghjmtfsl; ! hzmrzh à` }f}tja à`mof}5! ml~tlrjl hgmlhl hl }zr}l l sl~grfhgr( ljrg}ghfhgr( il{jhgr( ~zhbjrfhgr5! aj`tf`jrjl à` }tlrj bz`l dj cz`mtfg`lrj l df}~g{ftfsjhgr dj ~rgtjmtfj

mghjmtfsl5! sj`tfhlrjl hgmzhzf dj az`ml.

4. ^rgtjmtfj f`dfsfdzlhl;

! dgtlrj mz jmof~laj`t f`dfsfdzlh dj ~rgtjmtfj; al}tf ldl~tltj( al`z}f(olf`j( à`mlhtlaf`tj( l~lrltj rj}~frltgrff jtm5! aj`tf`jrjl à` bz`l }tlrj l jmof~laj`tzhzf f`dfsfdzlh dj ~rgtjmtfj5! djmg`tlaf`lrjl jmof~laj`tzhzf dj ~rgtjmtfj5! }j~lrlrjl olf j̀hgr dj hzmrz dj mjhj dj }trldl5! dz}zrf( }tltff ~j`trz }~lhlrj l gmofhgr.

:. F`cgralrj }f cgralrj; ! cgralrjl }f f`}trzfrjl ij`jrlhl ~jrfgdfml à` ~rgbhjaj dj }jmzrftltj5! cf}j tjo`fmj dj }jmzrftltj }f hf}tj dj ~rgdz}j ztfhf{ltj5! }ja`lhf{lrj ij`jrlhl5

! }ja`lhf{lrj }~jmfcfml l hgmzrfhgr'hgmlhzrfhgr mz `fsjh dj rf}m rfdfmlt5! }ja`lhf{lrjl ~rf` mzhgrf mg`sj`tfg`lhj5! jtfmojtlrj mg`cgra }tl`dlrdjhgr5 ! cf}j dj ~g}t }f f`}trzfrj.

3. ^rgmjdzrf }f rjizhf; ! dj f`tjrsj`tfj /mg`dzmtj dj il{( mzsj( rj{jrsglrj&5! dj trl`}sl{lrj }f rjmg`dftfg`lrj5! ~j`trz gril`f{lrjl }z~rlsjiojrff'ag`ftgrf{lrff5! ~j`trz f`mj`dfz( jslmzlrj5! ~hl`zrf dj lmtfz`j à` ml{ dj lmmfdj`t'lslrff5

! ~jraf} dj cgm }f lhtj ~jraf}j'lztgrf{ltff }~jmflhj.





43

9. Gril`f{lrjl az`mff; Gril`f{lrjl à` cz`mtfj dj rf}mzrf l;

! ~g}tzrfhgr5

! l~rgsf{fg`lrff5! trl`}~grtzhzf }f al`f~zhlrff ~rgdz}jhgr5! dj~g{ftlrff5! aj`tj`l`tjf.

?. ]z~rlsjiojrjl ajdfmlhl; ! hf}tjhj ~g}tzrfhgr mj `jmj}ftl g }z~rlsjiojrj ajdfmlhl }~jmflhl5! sf{ftj ajdfmlhj à`lf`tj( à` tfa~zh }f dz~l l`ilklrj5! ltj}tlrjl cl~tzhzf ml `z jxf}tl mg`trlf`dfmltff ~rfsf`d à`mldrlrjl

l`ilkltzhzf à` ~g}tzh }ghfmftlt5! jsfdj`tfjrjl }ftzltffhgr ajdfmlhj mj `jmj}ftl rj}~jmtlrjl z`gr rj}trfmtff

~rfsf`d jx~z`jrjl hl lij`tf mofafmf /irlsfdftltj jtm.&6. ̂ rfazh lkztgr;

! gril`f{lrjl }jrsfmfzhzf dj ~rfa lkztgr ldjmslt5! lcf}lrjl mggrdg`ltjhgr ajdfmzhzf dj ajdfmf`l az`mff }f l }jrsfmfzhzf dj

labzhl`tl5! cgralrjl dj }lhsltgrf5! jxjrmftfz ~jrfgdfm5! trz}j dj ~rfa lkztgr.

6.=. Tf~zrf dj al}zrf dj ~rjsj`frj

Al}zrf dj ~rgtjmtfj mghjmtfsl

Rjdzmjrjl rf}mzhzf hl }zr}l

Rf}mzrfhj l}gmfltj lij`tfhgr mofafmf ~gt cf jhfaf`ltj }lz rjdz}j ~rf`;7 À`hgmzfrjl lij`tzhzf mofafm mz lhtzh alf ~ztf` ~jrfmzhg}. ]zb}tl`tl

lhjl}l ml à`hgmzftgr ~gltj cf ~rjcjrltl mjhjf à`hgmzftj df` ~z`mt dj

sjdjrj lh z`zfl df`trj ~jrfmghj /dj jxja~hz( tgxfmftltjl& dlr ~gltj`jmj}ftl z` mg`trgh alf rfizrg} lh ztfhf{lrff jf df` ~z`mt dj sjdjrj lhlhtgr ~jrfmghj /dj jxja~hz( f`chlalbfhftltj&.Bj`{j`zh( mlrj j}tj ml`mjrfij`( ~gltj cf à`hgmzft mz tghzj`zh alf ~ztf`tgxfm( dlr alf f`chlalbfh( mjjl mj `jmj}ftl al}zrf mgrj}~z`{ltglrj djmg`trgh.





49

7 À`hgmzfrjl tjo`ghgifjf mz lhtl mj ~rj{f`tl z` `fsjh dj rf}m alf }ml{zt(mg`}tftzfj g mlhj cglrtj jcfmfj`tl dj l}fizrlrj l }l`ltltff }f }jmzrftltfflìlkltfhgr. Dj jxja~hz( à`hgmzfrjl l~hfmlrff l`zaftgr lij`tf mofafmf

/sg~}jhj( rl}f`f( l{bj}t& ~rf` }trg~frj'~zhsjrf{lrj( mz lhtj ~rgmjdjj ~gltjrjdzmj `fsjhzh dj jx~z`jrj.

7 Lztgaltf{lrjl j}tj z` afkhgm dj l ;! rjdzmj'jhfaf`l tfa~zh dj jx~z`jrj lh lìlkltzhzf5! rjdzmj `zalrzh lìlkltfhgr jx~z}f.

Jl ~jraftj jhfaf`lrjl jrgrfhgr hjiltj dj clmtgrzh zal` }f ~gltj rjlhf{l z`mg`trgh alf bz` lh ~lrlajtrfhgr dj hzmrz.

Moflr dlml `jmj}ftl g f`sj}tftfj alf alrj( lztgaltf{lrjl ~rgmj}jhgr dl

rj{zhtltj ~g{ftfsj( ~j tjraj` hzì( ltât à` ~rgdzmtfsftltj }f mlhftltj( mât }f à`~rfsf`tl }jmzrftltff }f }l`ltltff à` az`ml.

Lztgaltf{lrjl hfaftjl{l ~rj{j`tl clmtgrzhzf zal` dlr `z g jxmhzdj à`tgtlhftltj( ~jr}g`lhzh dj g~jrlrj }f à`trjtf`jrj l f`}tlhltffhgr lztgaltf{ltj trjbzf`d}l lfbl g mlhfcfmlrj mgrj}~z`{ltglrj.

7 ^rgmj}lrjl à` }f}tja à`mof} j}tj z` afkhgm dj f{ghlrj l }zr}jhgr djjaf}fj l lij`tfhgr mofafmf à` ajdfzh dj az`ml( hfaftâ`d jx~z`jrjllìlkltfhgr.

À` ml{zh mlrml}lrff ztfhlkjhgr trjbzfj }l }j l}fizrj g jslmzlrj jcfmfj`tl l`gxjhgr l}tcjh à`mât }l `z }j ~rgdzml lmzazhlrf hgmlhj mz ~jrfmgh dj f`mj`dfz }lzf`tgxfmlrj.

7 Sj`tfhlrjl

À` }ftzltfl à` mlrj `z j}tj ~g}fbfhl mgabltjrjl mg`tlaf`lrff ajdfzhzf djaz`ml ~rf` jhfaf`lrjl }zr}jhgr dj djilklrj l `gxjhgr( }lz f{ghlrjl jcfmfj`tl llmj}tgrl ~rf` ~rgmj}lrj à` }f}tja à`mof} /mlrml}lt&( }j sgr ztfhf{l;

! f`}tlhltff dj sj`tfhlrj hgmlhl5! f`}tlhltff dj sj`tfhlrj ij`jrlhl( mâ`d }zr}jhj dj djilklrj }z`t agbfhj

}lz df}~jr}ltj }f `z j}tj ~g}fbfhl'}zcfmfj`tl sj`tfhlrjl hgmlhl.

]f}tjazh dj sj`tfhltfj trjbzfj }l cfj;! jcfmfj`t l}tcjh à`mât }l l}fizrj mjh ~ztf` rj}~jmtlrjl slhgrfhgr hfaftl

~j`trz lij`tff mofafmf5! }l `z f`trgdzml rf}mzrf `gf }lz }l trl`}cjrj rf}mzh à` lhtj {g`j5! }l `z dzml hl df}mg`cgrt }lz jcjmtj `jiltfsj l}z~rl }l`ltltff.





4?

^j`trz l rj}~jmtl mjrf`tjhj dj alf }z} trjbzfj ml }f}tjazh dj sj`tfhltfj;! }l cfj ldjmslt lij`tzhzf mofafm ~j`trz mlrj l cg}t mg`mj~zt /dj

jxja~hz( ~j`trz }zb}tl`tjhj f`chlalbfhj( jx~hg{fsj }j sgr cghg}f}f}tjaj l`tfjx&5! }l `z ~z`l à` mg`tlmt lij`tff mofafmf f`mga~ltfbfhf5! }l lfbl g ml~tlrj jcfmfj`tl l `gxjhgr mât alf l~rgl~j dj }zr}l

/jmof~laj`tjhj tjo`fmj trjbzfj ~rjsl{ztj df` cl{l dj mg`mj~tfjmz }f}tjaj jcfmfj`tj dj ml~tlrj&5

! }l df}~z`l dj izrf dj f`trgdzmjrj l ljrzhzf `jmg`tlaf`lt5! }l `z ij`jrj{j mzrj`tf dj ljr mz sftj{j ~rjl alrf( mlrj;! ~gt lsjl jcjmtj `jiltfsj l}z~rl }tlrff dj mg`cgrt }f }l`ltltj5! ~gt l`trj`l altjrffhj ~rfaj cgraâ`d }z}~j`}ff dj ~zhbjrf }lz

ljrg}ghf5

! }l `z ~rgdzml {igagtj mlrj;! }l lfbl jcjmtj `jiltfsj l}z~rl }tlrff dj mg`cgrt'}l`ltltj5! }l f`tjrcjrj{j mz jsj`tzlhjhj }ja`lhj }g`grj.

Jmof~laj`tjhj tjo`fmj mlrj djilkl lij`tf mofafmf cglrtj tgxfmf }f mlrj(df` agtfsj tjo`ghgifmj( `z ~gt cf mlrml}ltj }lz ~rjsl{ztj mz f`}tlhltff dj sj`tfhlrjhgmlhl jcfmfj`tj sgr cf la~hl}ltj à` à`ml~jrf }~jmflh laj`lkltj }lz mlbf`j.

À`ml~jrfhj à` mlrj }j la~hl}jl{l f`}tlhltffhj tjo`ghgifmj hl mlrj ~gt }ll~lrl djilklrf brz}tj }f `j~rjsl{ztj dj }zb}tl`tj tgxfmj( f`chlalbfhj }lz

jx~hg{fsj( sgr cf dgtltj }z~hfaj`tlr mz f`}tlhltff lztgaltj dj sj`tfhlrj djlslrfj ” `zalf ~j`trz jslmzlrj ” f`dj~j`dj`tj dj f`}tlhltffhj dj sj`tfhlrj`gralhj ~j`trz dfhztfl `gxjhgr. Hl ~gr`frjl f`}tlhltffhgr dj sj`tfhlrj ~j`trz lslrfj(f`trgdzmjrjl ajml`fml l ljrzhzf sl cf g~rftl lztgalt.

]tlrjl }f}tjajhgr dj sj`tfhltfj sl cf sjrfcfmltl ~jral`j`t dj ~jr}g`lhmlhfcfmlt à` mg`cgraftltj mz z` ~rgirla dj aj`tj`l`tl ldjmslt ~j`trz cfjmlrj}f}tja.

Grfmj f`}tlhltfj dj sj`tfhlrj sl lsjl à`tgmaftl ~rf` ~rgfjmt g cf}l tjo`fml à` mlrj }j sgr à`}mrfj mlrlmtjrf}tfmfhj dj bl{l }f f`dfmltff ~rfsf`d jxjmztfl( ~z`jrjl

à` cz`mtfz`j( djcjmtjhj mg`}tltltj }f al}zrfhj mj }!lz hzlt( `zajhj ~jr}gl`jhgrmlrj lz clmzt mg`}tltlrf }lz rjajdfjrf( ~rjmza }f tjraj`jhj rjsf{ffhgr zhtjrfglrj.





46

Al}zrf dj ~rgtjmtfj f`dfsfdzlhl

Jmof~laj`tzh f`dfsfdzlh dj ~rgtjmtfj /JF^& }j lmgrdl à` }mg~zh

~rjsj`frff lmmfdj`tjhgr dj az`ml }f l àabgh`lsfrfhgr ~rgcj}fg`lhj à` ml{zrfhj à`mlrj lz cg}t j~zf{ltj( ltât mât j}tj rj{g`lbfh ~g}fbfh( grfmj lhtj afkhglmj tjo`fmj }fgril`f{ltgrfmj dj ~rgtjmtfj( }lz mâ`d `z ~gt cf lsztj à` sjdjrj l}jaj`jlafkhglmj.

Lìlkltgrff }z`t gbhfiltf }l l}fizrj irltzftltjl JF^( ~rjmza }f mg`dftff~j`trz jcjmtzlrjl sjrfcfmlrfhgr hjilhj( dj~g{ftlrjl( mzrltlrjl( dj`gmfsf{lrjl(

à`trjtf`jrjl }f rj~lrlrjl afkhglmjhgr f`dfsfdzlhj dj ~rgtjmtfj.Jmof~laj`tzh f`dfsfdzlh dj hzmrz }j lmgrdl lìlkltzhzf ~j`trz

~rgtjklrjl àabrlmlaf`tjf }f à`mlhtlaf`tjf ~jr}g`lhj( à` tfa~zh ~rgmj}zhzf djaz`ml.

Afkhglmjhj dj fifj`l f`dfsfdzlhl mg`}tftzftj df` altjrflhj fifj`fmg!

}l`ftlrj }j lmgrdl irltzft dj mltrj lìlkltgr à` }mg~zh ~rjsj`frff àabgh`lsfrfhgr~rgcj}fg`lhj.

Lmgrdlrjl jmof~laj`tzhzf f`dfsfdzlh dj ~rgtjmtfj( l mjhzf dj hzmrz }f lafkhglmjhgr fifj`fmg!}l`ftlrj j}tj rjihjaj`tltl.

Al}zrf gril`f{ltgrfmj

Hjif}hltfl à` sfiglrj ~rjmf{jl{l jhjaj`tjhj dj bl{l mlrj }l ~jraftlgril`f{lrjl hgmzrfhgr dj az`ml }f l ~rgmj}zhzf az`mff l}tcjh à`mât }l }j l}fizrj

}l`ltltjl }f }jmzrftltjl lìlkltfhgr.Ml al}zrf gril`f{ltgrfmj }j ~gt aj`tfg`l;

! rjdzmjrjl `zalrzhzf dj ~jr}gl`j jx~z}j hl lij`tf mofafmf5! rjdzmjrjl tfa~zhzf dj jx~z`jrj l lìlkltfhgr hl lij`tf mofafmf5! al}zrf mj tf` dj df}mf~hf`l tjo`ghgifml; rj}~jmtlrjl }trfmtl l }lrmf`fhgr

dj az`ml5! al}zrf mj tf` dj df}mf~hf`l ij`jrlhl; lmmj}zh à` {g`jhj dj hzmrz(

~zrtlrjl JF^( rj}~jmtlrjl f`tjrdfmtffhgr ~rfsf`d aâ`mltzh }f czaltzh hlhgmzh dj az`ml jtm5

! al}zrf dj fifj`l;! }~lhlrjl ~j aâf`f à`lf`tj dj l aâ`ml }f dj l czal5! }j~lrlrjl àabrlmlaf`tjf ~j`trz }trldl dj mjl ~j`trz hzmrz jtm5





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! al}zrf ~rfsf`d ij}tfg`lrjl ldjmsltl l lij`tfhgr mofafmf ~rf`;! dj~g{ftlrjl altjrffhgr ~rfaj hl hgmzh dj az`ml à` ml`tftltf mlrj

}l `z dj~l}jl}ml `jmj}lrzh ~j`trz g {f5

! }j~lrlrjl f`mga~ltfbfhftltfhgr;! hl dj~g{ftlrj5! hl trl`}~grt5! à` ml{zh jaf}ffhgr à` ajdfzh dj az`ml5! à` f`}tlhltffhj dj sj`tfhltfj }f j~zrlrj5

! trl`}~grtzh ldjmslt lh lij`tfhgr mofafmf ztfhf{â`d ~j mât ~g}fbfh( afkhglmjajml`f{ltj'lztgaltf{ltj.

À` zhtfaff l`f( }j lmgrdl g ltj`tfj df` mj à` mj alf alrj lbgrdlrff~rgbhjajhgr dj }l`ltltj }f }jmzrftltj à ̀ mldrzh }f}tjajhgr dj al`lijaj`t.

Al`lijaj`tzh j}tj ~rgmj}zh ~rf` mlrj mg`dzmjrjl dj sârc l z`ftltffdjtjraf`l dfrjmtfl dj dj{sghtlrj ~j tjraj` hz`i }f ~jrcgral`tjhj gril`f{ltfjfl}fizrâ`d cgrazhlrjl ltj`tl( fa~hjaj`tlrjl mgrjmtl }f jslhzlrjl mg`tf`zl l}trltjifjf }tlbfhftj.

Lbgrdlrjl al`lijrflhl fa~hfml;7 ~ghftfml à` dgaj`fzh }l`ltltff }f }jmzrftltff az`mff57 gbfjmtfsj ij`jrlhj }f }~jmfcfmj57 ~hl`zrf dj lmtfz`j57

dgmzaj`tltfj bf`j }trzmtzrltl( lmtzlhf{ltl }f lmmj}fbfhl57 ~rgirlaj dj f`}trzfrj }f mg`}tfj`tf{lrj57 jslhzlrjl ~jrfgdfml l ~jrcgral`tjf }f}tjazhzf.

Ldg~tlrjl }f}tjazhzf dj al`lijaj`t lh }jmzrftltff }f }l`ltltff à` az`mllrj azhtf~hj lsl`tlkj ~rf`trj mlrj;

7 aztlrjl lmmj`tzhzf dj ~j f`}~jmtfl ~g}t!clmtza ~j al`lijaj`tzh~rjsj`tfs5

7 gril`f{lrjl alf bz`l l lmtfsftltff dj }jmzrftltj }f }l`ltltj à` bl{l z`jf~ghftfmf mhlrj l z`ftltff }f l z`gr gbfjmtfsj }f tf`tj bf`j djcf`ftj }frjlhf{lbfhj5

7 clmfhftlrjl l~hfmlrff hjif}hltfjf `ltfg`lhj à` dgaj`fz57 agtfslrjl l`ilkltfhgr ~rf` f`}trzfrj57 àabz`ltltfrjl mg`tf`zl l ~jrcgral`tjf57 à`hj}`frjl mgg~jrlrff( l}gmfjrff }f }mofabzhzf dj f`cgraltfj mz ~lrtj`jrff

f`tjr`f }f jxtjr`f57 àabz`ltltfrjl falif`ff z`ftltff }f l ml~lmftltff dj mgaz`fmlrj mz

lztgrftltfhj }f ~lrtj`jrff.





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Al`lijaj`tzh }jmzrftltff }f }l`ltltff à` az`ml ~jraftj g trltlrj }f}tjaltfml }fmga~hjxl l ~rgbhjajhgr }~jmfcfmj( ldzmâ`d à` ~hz} cltl dj lmtzlhl lbgrdlrj;

7 alf azhtl trl`}~lrj`tl /z`jhj dgmzaj`tj }z`t ~zbhfmj&5

7 mlf }f agdlhftltf dj mgaz`fmlrj }trfmt rjihjaj`tltj }f jcfmfj`tj57 aztlrjl lmmj`tzhzf ~j lmtfz`fhj ~rjsj`tfsj57 f`}trzaj`tj dj mg`trgh }f jslhzlrj;

! l`lhf{l f`ftflhl5! jslhzlrjl dj rf}m5! lzdftzh5

7 l`lhf{l jcjmtzltl dj mg`dzmjrj57 ~rf`mf~fzh àabz`ltltfrff mg`tf`zj l ~jrcgral`tjf57 lbgrdlrjl ~rgbhjajhgr dj }jmzrftltj }f }l`ltltj à` az`ml mz lmjhjl}f

f`}trzaj`tj ml mjhj lhj al`lijaj`tzhzf ij`jrlh lh cfrajf.





:2

<>. ]Z^RLSJIOJRJL AJDFMLHL

]z~rlsjiojrjl }l`ltltff lìlkltfhgr jx~z}f hl lij`tf mofafmf ~jrfmzhg}f }jsl rjlhf{l mg`cgra ~rjsjdjrfhgr Af`f}tjrzhzf ]l`ltltff }f Clafhfjf.Rj{zhtltjhj }z~rlsjiojrff }l`ltltff }z`t hzltj à` mg`}fdjrlrj ~j`trz

l~hfmlrjl al}zrfhgr mgrj}~z`{ltglrj dj ~rjsj`frj hl hgmzrfhj dj az`ml( ltz`mfmâ`d;

! jx~z`jrjl lìlkltzhzf hl z` lij`t mofafm ~jrfmzhg} j}tj dj gl}jaj`jl `ltzrl à`mât }j ~gltj }tlbfhf g mgrjhltfj mz bglhl }lzlcjmtlrjl }tlrff dj }l`ltltj dltgrltj jx~z`jrff5

! jxf}tl ~rgblbfhftltjl ml bglhl }lz jcjmtzh }l l~lrl à` mg`dftffhj}~jmfcfmj az`mff lìlkltzhzf5

! tjo`fml dj f`sj}tfilrj fa~hfml rf}mzrf af`faj ~j`trz lìlkltf.

Ltz`mf mâ`d g slhglrj hfaftl bfghgifml j}tj dj~l}ftl( }z~rlsjiojrjl}l`ltltff j}tj g mjrf`tl gbhfiltgrfj ~j`trz hzmrzh mz lij`tzh mofafm ~jrfmzhg}rj}~jmtfs.

F`}~jmtgrltzh Tjrftgrflh dj Az`ml }f Dfrjmtfl dj ]l`ltltj ^zbhfml trjbzfj}l }tlbfhjl}ml al}zrf ~j`trz l }j l}fizrl ml ~j`trz cfjmlrj lìlklt lchlt }zb}z~rlsjiojrj ajdfmlhl( dg}lrzh ajdfmlh }f cf}l f`dfsfdzlhl dj jx~z`jrj }z`tlmtzlhf{ltj.

Dg}lrzh ajdfmlh }f cf}l f`dfsfdzlhl dj jx~z`jrj trjbzfj }l mg`tf`l

tgtlhftltjl rj{zhtltjhgr }z~rlsjiojrff }l`ltltff }f lh grfmlrgr lhtj dltjrj~rj{j`tltfsj ag`ftgrf{ltj lhj jx~z`jrff f`dfsfdzlhj( f`mhz}fs ag`ftgrf{lrjlbfghgifml }f mjrf`tjhj hjiltj dj lmjl}tl.

Dg}lrzh ajdfmlh }f cf}l f`dfsfdzlhl dj jx~z`jrj trjbzfj ~l}trltj à`tr!g cgralldjmsltl ~j`trz l ~jraftj mg`}zhtlrjl zhtjrfglrl( à` mg`dftff dj mg`cfdj`tflhftltj.Hl mjrjrjl F`}~jmtgrltzhzf Tjrftgrflh dj Az`ml }f Dfrjmtfjf dj ]l`ltltj ^zbhfml(lìlkltgrzh trjbzfj }l czr`f{j{j mg~ff lhj à`rjif}trlrfhgr. Lìlkltzh lrj lmmj}( hlmjrjrj( hl dltjhj }lhj ajdfmlhj }f dj jx~z`jrj. Ltz`mf mâ`d g à`trj~rf`djrj à}f

à`mjtjl{l lmtfsftltjl( dg}lrzh ajdfmlh f`dfsfdzlh }f cf}l dj jx~z`jrj trjbzfj }l cfjtrl`}af}j dj mltrj lìlkltgr hl Dfrjmtfl dj ]l`ltltj ^zbhfml.

Ltz`mf mâ`d( à` zral }z~rlsjiojrff }l`ltltff;! }j dj}mg~jrl dj mltrj ajdfmzh dj ajdfmf`l az`mff( ml z` lìlklt lrjg bglhl mz`g}mztl }lz g lcjmtlrj l }tlrff dj }l`ltltj( ml rj{zhtlt lhjx~z`jrff à` ~rgmj}zh dj az`ml hl z` lij`t mofafm ~jrfmzhg}( }lz





:=

! slhglrjl hfaftl bfghgifml ~rjsl{ztl à` hjif}hltfj j}tj dj~l}ftl(lìlkltzhj}tj f`cgralt dj mltrj ajdfmzh dj ajdfmf`l az`mff dj}~rj rj{zhtltzh

mlrj!h ~rfsj}tj ~jr}g`lh( f`mhz}fs l}z~rl z`gr dltj }f rjmgal`dlrfajdfmlhj ~j mlrj }l hj zraj{j ~â`l hl à`mjtlrjl jx~z`jrff( flrlìlkltgrzh;

! rjsf{zfj}tj jslhzlrjl rf}mzhzf5! rjsf{zfj}tj al}zrfhj dj jhfaf`lrj }lz rjdzmjrj l rf}mzhzf5! tf`j }jlal dj rjmgal`dlrfhj ajdfmzhzf dj ajdfmf`l az`mff

~j`trz f`trgdzmjrjl al}zrfhgr `jmj}lrj dj jhfaf`lrj }lzrjdzmjrj l rf}mzhzf( f`mhz{â`d ~g}fbfhftltjl dj trl`}cjr llìlkltzhzf hl g lmtfsftltj lhtjr`ltfsl( z`dj `z jxf}tl rf}m djjx~z`jrj5

! }tlbfhj}tj mg`tf`zlrjl }z~rlsjiojrff }l`ltltff }f trfaftj hl mg`trgh

ajdfmlh grfmj lht lìlklt mlrj l cg}t jx~z} }fafhlr. À` l}jaj`jl ml{zrf( ajdfmzh dj ajdfmf`l az`mff ~gltj ~rg~z`j mllìlkltff }l cfj jx~z}f jxlaf`lrff ajdfmlhj.





:4

Mghjmtfszh dj jhlbgrlrj l Iofdzhzf;

Fì.Irfigrftl @l~lr F`}~jmtfl Az`mff ” mggrdg`ltgr lhirz~zhzf dj hzmrz

Dr.fì.]tjhztl @f}f~jl`z F@MDÂFì.Rlhzml ]tj~l F@MDÂFì.Rzxl`drl Mofzrtz F@MDÂMofa.Afoljhl Bg}mlfz F@MDÂ

Bfgmofa.Afoljhl ]tgfml F@MDÂCfhghgi Alrfl ̂ zrmojrjl F@MDÂFgl`l Afrfml F@MDÂTjo`.~r.Ilbrfjhl ^grmlrl}z F@MDÂTjo`.~r.Dfl`l ^lsjhfz F@MDÂTjo`.~r.Mrf}tfl` Sl}fhj F@MDÂRjc. Afoljhl Brldltl` F`}~jmtfl Az`mffFì. Jhj`l Bz{lr`j}mz F`}~jmtfl Az`mff

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