Valutazione prognostica delle sindromi mielodisplastiche L ... · Valutazione prognostica delle...
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Valutazione prognostica delle sindromi mielodisplastiche
L’esperienza genovese
Marino Clavio Nicole.a Colombo Raffaella Grasso Fabio Guolo Davide Lovera
Maurizio Miglino Paola Mine.o
Prop
ortio
n R
emai
ning
A
live
Prop
ortio
n W
ithou
t Le
ukem
ia
OS Leukemia-Free Survival
Mutated (n = 21)
Wild type (n = 67)
TET2 Muta>ons in MDS: OS and Leukemia-‐Free Survival
Kosmider O, et al. Blood. 2009;114:3285-‐3291.
Mos Since Diagnosis 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
P = .005
Pa.ents at Risk, n Mos Since Diagnosis
0 12 24 36 48 60
Mutated 21 16 12 11 8 3
Wild type 67 38 14 8 4 2
Mutated (n = 21)
Wild type (n = 67)
Mos Since Diagnosis 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
6 12 18 24 30 36
P = .035
Pa.ents at Risk, n Mos Since Diagnosis
0 12 24 36
Mutated 21 15 12 11
Wild type 67 30 14 7
OS PFS OS
EZH2 Muta>ons in MDS: OS and PFS
Ernst T, et al. Nat Genet. 2010;42:722-‐726.
Patie
nts
Rem
aini
ng A
live
(%)
Mos A6er Diagnosis 0
0
25
50
75
100
24 48 72 96 120
P = .0006
Unmutated MDS/MPN (n = 115) Mutated MDS/MPN (n = 19)
Patie
nts
With
out P
rogr
essi
on (%
)
Mos After Diagnosis 0
0
25
50
75
100
24 48 72 96 120
P = .044
Unmutated MDS/MPN (n = 115) Mutated MDS/MPN (n = 19)
Mos After Diagnosis 0
0
25
50
75
100
24 48 72 96 120
P = .089 (het vs hom)
Muta>on nega>ve (n = 182) Heterozygous muta>on (n = 22) Homozygous muta>on (n = 10)
Patie
nts
Rem
aini
ng A
live
(%)
OS PFS
IDH1 Muta>ons in MDS: OS and PFS
Thol F, et al. Haematologica. 2010;95:1668-‐1674.
Patie
nts
Rem
aini
ng A
live
(%)
Yrs 0
0
25
50
75
100
2 6 8 10 12 4
P = .002
IDH1 mutated (n = 7) IDH1 wild type (n = 146)
Patie
nts
With
out E
vent
(%)
Yrs 0
0
25
50
75
100
2 6 8 10 12 4
P = .02
IDH1 mutated (n = 7) IDH1 wild type (n = 146)
L’esperienza Genovese….
– Oltre la clinica; – Oltre il cariotipo; – Oltre l’arbitraria accomunazione di patologie
differenti… – Considerare ciascuna malattia come entità a se
stante determinate da fattori genetici e epigenetici ( propri della MDS ) e fattori legati all’ospite ( individuo affetto )…
L’esperienza Genovese…. • Out of 152 adult MDS pa.ents referred to our center from 2007 to
2012, 86 had undergone a complete prognos.c work up including cytogene.cs and molecular analysis on fresh bone marrow samples at diagnosis.
• Sixty-‐seven pa.ents showed a good risk karyotype, • 6 and 10 had intermediate and high risk karyotype. • In 3 pa>ents cytogene>c study was not informa>ve. • According to IPSS score, 22 pa.ents were classified as low risk, 27 and
28 as intermediate 1 and intermediate 2/high risk. • According to WHO classifica>on 27 pa.ents had refractory anemia, 19
and 21 refractory anemia with excess blasts 1 and 2, respec.vely, 3 pa.ents had 5q-‐ syndrome and 12 pa.ents were diagnosed as refractory cytopenia with mul.-‐lineage dysplasia (RCMD).
• Pa>ents underwent different treatments including best suppor>ve care, erythropoie>n, hypomethyla>ng agents and immunomodula>ng agents according to clinical guidelines and IPSS risk stra>fica>on.
L’esperienza Genovese…. Leukemia free survival in all pa.ents
L’esperienza Genovese…. Factors affec.ng leukemic evolu.on and LFS
Num. (%) Leukemic evolu>on (%) p (univ.) p (mul>v.) Median LFS
(months) 3-‐years LFS (%) p (univ.) p (mul>v.)
WHO Classifica.on
MDS associated with isolated del(5q) 3 (3.5) 0 (0)
0.000 0.065
NR 100
0.000 0.517
Refractory Anemia (RA) 27 (31.4) 3 (11.1) NR 71.2
Refractory Cytopenia with Mul.-‐lineage Dysplasia (RCMD) 12 (14) 4 (33.3)
NR 58.7
Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts-‐1 (RAEB-‐1) 19 (22.1) 6 (31.6)
34 46.1
Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts-‐2 (RAEB-‐2) 21 (24.4) 16 (76.2)
12 0
Other 4 (4.7) 0 (0) NR 100
Kariotype
GoodRisk 67 (77.9) 21 (31.3)
0.009 0.314
31 43.8
0.004 0.266 Intermediate 6 (7) 0 (0) NR 100
PoorRisk 10 (11.6) 7 (70) 16 16.7
IPSS
Low-‐Risk 22 (25.6) 3 (13.6)
0.002 0.202
NR 74.2
0.001 0.320 Intermediate-‐1 27 (31.4) 6 (22.2) NR 56.9
Intermediate-‐2/High Risk 28 (32.6) 16 (57.1) 21 20.4
R-‐IPSS
VeryLow/LowRisk 24 (27.9) 4 (16.7)
0.021 0.079
NR 60.4
0.004 0.024 Intermediate 31(36) 9 (29) NR 54.9
High/Very High Risk 22 (25.6) 12 (54.5) 16 17.0
Molecular Profile
WT1 <1000 and BAALC <1000 44 (51.2) 5 (11.4)
0.000 0.000
NR 74.5
0.000 0.000 WT1 <1000 and BAALC >1000 12 (13.9) 4 (33.3) 34 41.6
WT1 >1000 and BAALC <1000 12 (13.9) 6 (50) 25 19.4
WT1 >1000 and BAALC >1000 18 (20.9) 14 (77.8) 12 0
L’esperienza Genovese…. leukemic evolu.on in IPSS risk group according to WT1 and BAALC levels at diagnosis
TOTAL EVOLUTION (%) P
LOW 22 3 (13.6)
WT1 <100 and BAALC < 1000 17 1 (5.9)
WT1 <100 and BAALC >1000 4 1 (25) N.S.
WT1 >100 and BAALC <1000 0 0 (0)
WT1 >100 and BAALC >1000 1 1 (100)
INT-‐1 27 6 (22.2)
WT1 <100 and BAALC < 1000 16 3 (18.8)
WT1 <100 and BAALC >1000 2 0 (0) <0.05
WT1 >100 and BAALC <1000 5 1 (20)
WT1 >100 and BAALC >1000 4 2 (50)
INT-‐2/HIGH 28 16 (57.1)
WT1 <100 and BAALC < 1000 6 0 (0)
WT1 <100 and BAALC >1000 5 2 (40) <0.03
WT1 >100 and BAALC <1000 6 5 (83.3)
WT1 >100 and BAALC >1000 11 9 (81.8)
L’esperienza Genovese…. leukemic evolu.on in R IPSS risk group according to WT1 and BAALC levels at diagnosis
TOTAL EVOLUTION (%) P
VERY LOW/LOW 24 4 (16.7)
WT1 <100 and BAALC < 1000 17 1 (5.9)
WT1 <100 and BAALC >1000 3 1 (33.3) N.S
WT1 >100 and BAALC <1000 0 0 (0)
WT1 >100 and BAALC >1000 4 2 (50)
INTERMEDIATE 31 9 (29)
WT1 <100 and BAALC < 1000 15 2 (13.3)
WT1 <100 and BAALC >1000 4 0 (0) <0.03
WT1 >100 and BAALC <1000 6 2 (33.3)
WT1 >100 and BAALC >1000 6 5 (83.3)
HIGH/VERY HIGH 22 12 (54.5)
WT1 <100 and BAALC < 1000 7 1 (14.3)
WT1 <100 and BAALC >1000 4 2 (50) <0.03
WT1 >100 and BAALC <1000 5 4 (80)
WT1 >100 and BAALC >1000 6 5 (83.3)
L’esperienza Genovese….
Leukemia free survival according to WT1 and BAALC expression levels
L’esperienza Genovese….
Cumula.ve risk of leukemic evolu.on according to WT1 and BAALC expression levels
La prognosi dipende dai seguenti fattori noti
Individuali – Età – Malattie concomitanti
Caratteristiche della malattia – Blastosi midollare – Citogenetica – Numero di citopenie – Trasfusione-dipendenza – LDH, fibrosi – Caratteristiche biologiche
Evoluzione in leucemia acuta
Complicanze
• Anemia severa • Emorragie • Infezioni
Terapie
• Emotrasfusioni, ferrochelazione • Azaci<dina, decitabina • Lenalidomide, talidomide • ESA • Trapianto allogenico
Conclusioni
– Non sempre biologia e clinica di una data patologia sono in accordo;
– Non sempre il cariotipo è in grado di indicare la prognosi;
– Spesso terapie vanno differite; – Altrettanto spesso terapie vanno anticipate; – In generale pare necessario rifondare la filosofia
della tattica terapeutica.