UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI PAVIA FACOLTÀ DI LETTERE E FILOSOFIA,

SCIENZE POLITICHE, GIURISPRUDENZA, INGEGNERIA, ECONOMIA 

CORSO DI LAUREA SPECIALISTICA IN EDITORIA E COMUNICAZIONE MULTIMEDIALE

LA COMUNICAZIONE FUNDRAISING –ORIENTED ALL’INTERNO DEL CULTURAL PLANNING

Relatore: Tesi di laurea di:Chiar. mo Prof. Mario Dossoni Mauro Vasini

Correlatore:Chiar. mo Prof. Fabio Muzzio

THE CULTURAL PLANNING

Recently, decentralization and subsidiarity are increasing the strength of local governments. So that:

more and more players can pursue political strategies not to converge.

a common strategy can only be achieved through shared decision making, negotiations and mutual influence.

THE CULTURAL PLANNINGBackground

1970s, Usa: urban theories by Mumford and Perloff.The whole system theory: municipalities, not being able to control urban

development, setting out their conditions.

What is itA process that introduces a cultural / artistic element in territorial planning

(eg. info, initiatives, services ..).1970s-1980s: conservation, enhancement and promotion.Nowadays: soft elements (integration, access to cultural consumption).

RoleFinancial support to the community.coordination in defining the activities.

THE CULTURAL PLANNINGWhy

Globalization has made the contact between different cultures much easier.Growth of local autonomy entrusted to local governments.Emergency to retrain cultural life to areas affected by slump.

Method Project Cycle Management (PCM):

1. Objectives: the needs that you want to pursue.

2. Analysis: evaluation (assessment) of cultural resources.

3. Strategy: actions to be developed to reach the goal.

4. Evaluating proposals: best selection strategies.

5. Implementation: carrying-out and monitoring the plan.

THE CULTURAL PLANNINGTwo urban cases:

Glasgow. The Creative City and its Cultural

Economy, 1990. Advertising campaign “Glasgow’s Miles Better” + Cultural festivals program

Torino. Il Secondo Piano Strategico dell’area

metropolitana, 2006. Fondazione di Comunità doings along with support by

Compagnia di San Paolo improved cultural spots supply

(e.g. Venaria Reale royal palace)

The italian way to planning culture:

Strategic plans = «real whish lists » [cit. Sacco & Caliandro]

Preserving the existent + enhancing past identity solely =

freezing the in land identity

Making risky choices and considering possible mistakes along

the way is a necessary condition to promoting a newly and

truly innovative cultural process.

THE CULTURAL PLANNING

Project Idea

Protection (e.g. pushing to declare a

bulding cultural heritage)

Conservation (e.g. to restore a palace)

Enhancement (e.g.

setting up a music festival)

Management (e.g. establishing a

foundation)

Promotion (e.g. fundraising,

sponsorship)

Fruition (e.g. extending a museum

timetable)

PROGRAM

THE CULTURAL PLANNINGThe cultural program’s activities:

FUNDRAISING OVER CULTUREFundraising definitions through authors:

“….it is primarily the practice of strategic

planning to one organization, in terms

of its economic sustainability … “

[W.E.Lindhal]

“…it is an effective and efficient management of connections between

an organization and actors (individual and collective) within the environments in which it does operates:

it's essentially ‘relationship fundraising’…” [K. Burnett]

FUNDRAISING OVER CULTUREWhat fundraising is not merely supposed to be:

It's not just seeking for sponsors: this is only one possible

way to involve actors, but it is not necessarily the right one for your project an the organization that intends to do

fundraising.

it is not an unplanned and temporary request for resources, with no other consideration than an hasty, generic recognition; or at best the apposition

of the brand of the backer.

It is not the purpose or goal of a nonprofit organization, but only a TOOL.

FUNDRAISING OVER CULTUREHow is Italy doing thus far:

The onward and steady decline in public funding for arts, culture and heritage has prompted the Italian cultural organizations to seek new forms of

support.

Predominance of public financial model (between 60% and 90% of the total budget comes from public sources) over private revenue compared to total

budget (16-18% in cases of excellence, under 10% in other cases) .

Reduction in fund allocation by Ministry for Arts and Culture from 2003 to 2009: -18.7% in monetary terms, -20.6% in real terms.

FUNDRAISING OVER CULTUREHOW DO CITIZENS JOIN THE ISSUE:

HOW DO BANK FOUNDATIONS JOIN THE ISSUE: 2005 2006 2007 2008 30,6% 30,7% 30, 6% 30,6% Arts and cultural activities 15,6% 22,3% 10,4% 14,98% Voluntary / philantropy / charity 10,7% 11,0% 14,4% 15,08% Ricerca scientifica e tecnologica

Fonte: lndagine Centro Studi e Ricerche G. Imperatori –Unicab, 2010

Fonte: Acri, 2010

FUNDRAISING OVER CULTURE

Fonte: Istituto Italiano Donazione 2010 “Impresa e filantropia” III edizione

HOW DO COMPANIES JOIN THE ISSUE:

FUNDRAISING ORIENTED COMMUNICATION

The ongoing making of process:

FUNDRAISING

COMMUNICATION (either offline or

online)

Production of Informations and

Knowledge [objectives /values / identity +

doings’ update]

Production of Interplays and Social Relations

[What and How companies communicate in order to distinguish markets and

stakeholders]

Production of Identity and Membership

[Making up of relationships between a company and its

stakeholders. Brand association strengthening]

CULTURE

FUNDRAISING ORIENTED COMMUNICATION

Offline communication:

Advertising

Tools: press, TV, radio, posters, flyers, means of transport, etc.

e.g. “Was für ein Skandal” motto for Vienna’s Leopold Museum opening, 2001.

Public Relations (PR) Tools: statement, press conference, TV presentations, media in general, etc.

Direct Marketing

Tools: telemarketing campaigns (call center or outsourcing)

e.g. “It’s Alive” motto for Boston Museum of Science’s opening, 1997.

FUNDRAISING ORIENTED COMMUNICATION

Online communication:

E-net philanthropy:

Main tool: web site

e.g. Arena di Verona web site: www.arena.it

Pros:

- Inner benefits: company’s employees are retained by making them feeling part of a cultural project. So, a Company Culture is made up little by little.

- Outer benefits: drawing various kind of audiences through spreading info about company’s background. Increasing of company’s relationships and territorial turistic promotion (rent & reputational seeking).

Cons:

- Organization and Management: troubles in recruiting qualify personnel with different skills.

- Management costs: initial fixed costs may curb company development.

- Checkpoint and front web paging unwanted: some web sites promote too many cultural events, thus limitating appealing to company head site.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

FINAL CONSIDERATIONSA possible instance to start from?

- What?

Scientific and Cultural Facilities District (SCFD)- Where?

Denver, CO (USA)- Since when?

1989 – onward- How is it applied?

It is a slight but broadly applicable fee:every ten dollars spent on goods and services, a penny is donated to the coffers of the public bureau that deals with cultural facilities.

- What about outcomes?

The bureau was able to have a significant amount of funds (37 millions in 2001) that has led to a spectacular development of cultural industries in the metropolitan area: in 1992-2001 span, the employment in cultural field was increased by 188% and the overall increase in economic impact was increased by 73%.

- To end up. SCDF proves how resources in prop of culture may turn as an actual strategy of economic and social development to the local system.