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3D MODEL EXAMPLE

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15

15

B(

25x70)

B(

25x70)

B(

25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70)

15

15

15 15

15

1515

B(

25x70)

B

(25x70)

B(

25x70)

B(

25x70)

B(

25x70)

B(

25x70)

B(

25x70)

B(

25x70)

B(

25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70) B (25x70)

B (25x70)

B (25x70) B (25x70)

B (25x70) B (25x70)

L.L = 250 KG /m2

FL = 150 KG / m2

No of floor = Ground + 7 floor

Foundation level = ( -2.00 )

Ground floor height = 3 m

Repeated floor height = 3m

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1- File menu --- new model --- Grid

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2- Draw frame element

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3- Draw shell element

4- Define frame section of beam as 25 x 70 cm

5- Assign frame section of beam as 25 x 70 cm

6- Define shell section of slab as 15 cm

7- Assign shell section of slab as 15 cm

8- Assign joint restrain as hinge

9- Mesh of shell by 0.5 X 0.5

10- Divide frame section

11- Delete void of shell

12- Assign hinge at shear wall edge

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13- Edit grid in Z direction ( at Z level = 0 is Ground )

14- Grid for Z ( -5 , 0 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 15 , 18 , 21 )

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15- To insert all floor

Select floor at Z = 0

From edit menu ----- replicate

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16- Define column section 60 x 60 cm

17- Draw frame element of column by show two window ( XZ & XY )and to select frame section 50 x 50

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18- Define shell section 30 cm

19- Draw shell element of shear wall by show two window ( XZ & XY )and to select shell section 30

20- To show shear wall only ---- select menu --- area section ---- 30

21- View menu ---- show selection only

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22- Mesh shear wall as floor by 0.5 x 0.523- First mesh it by grid to mesh at each floor

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24- Second mesh wall by 0.5 x 0.5

25- Select all model ----- assign menu --- joint ---- restrain --- free

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26- At Z level -5 show XY plan ( joint no invisible )

27- Select all joint for this level ---- joint restrain as hinge ( restrain at

foundation level only )

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28- From view menu ---- set display option ---- select extrude view

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29- Divide frames at each floor by select all model ---- divide frame

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30- Define load cases

Define menu ---- load cases

EQX is earthquake in X direction

EQY is earthquake in Y direction

Auto lateral type :

There is three method to insert lateral load

1- static method2- dynamic method

3- response spectrum method

31- Assign vertical load

Dead load

Select all model ---- assign area load ---- dead --- 0.15 t/m2

Live load

Select all model ---- assign area load ---- live ---- 0.25 t/m2

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32- Assign earthquake load

a-First method ( static user define )1- from define menu ---- load cases ( change auto lateral load as

user load )

2- define diaphragm ---- select floor No 1 ---- assign ---- joint ---- constrain

select diaphragm ----- add new constrain

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select diaphragm ----- add new constrain

select floor 2 ---- assign joint constrain --- diaphragm ---- addnew diaphragm ---- diaphragm 2 and so on for other floors 3 ,

4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8

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Calculate static earthquake load usingFor example

P = ZICKS ( W )

Then get load at each floor

To insert earthquake load ( for example in X dir )

From define menu ----- load cases

Select EQX ----- select modify lateral load

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The table which show at each Z level the diaphragm of it

To insert load of EQX insert the value of force in FX

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select apply center of mass

additional Ecc ratio 0.05

33- Assign wall section cutTo make the shear wall as section to get the moment on this wall asone unit we do the next steps

a- define new group as wallfrom define menu ---- group

Select add new Group

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press OK

b-Assign wall to group select shear wall base joint + above shell

From assign menu ---- assign to group ---- select wall group

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c- Define section cut From define menu ----- section cut

Select add section cut

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RUN

After run sap first we want to know the drift of the building and comparethis value with the allowable code value

Assume allowable code value = height / 500 = 26/ 500 = 5.2 cm

from display menu ---- show deformed shapediagram

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to show drift in X dir ( U1 ) show XY plan atroof ( Z = 21 )

from Sap U1 max = 0.0287 m = 2.87 cm < allowable thenOK the building drift under this earthquake is safe

if the drift not safe you must change the resisting system ofbuilding ( increase shear wall inertia or to add new shear

wall in other position of building to resist the earthquake

To show straining action of wall due to earthquake and other

loads

a- From display menu ---- show table

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Press OK

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X

Y

The table show that :M1 ( moment about X axis ) = zero ( no force in Y dir )

M2 ( moment about Y axis ) = 1890 t.m

M3 ( torsion about Z axis ) = 279 t.mF3 ( due to vertical load dead and live ) = 523 ton

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b- second method ( static user UBC Code )1- define diaphragm for each floor as previous method2- define menu ---- load cases

select UBC 97 code and ---- modify load

select EQY ---- modify lateral load

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direction of load is Y dir

Time period --- select user define option ---- calculate Tusing UBC eqation and insert this value

For elevation sap insert max Z and min Z if this value notcorrect you can type the correction valua but sap almost

insert the correct

Overstrength factor R ( you insert this value from codedepend on the building system )

For seismic coeffa- Soil profile type --- depend on type of soil from

code

b- Seismic Zone factor ---- from code by the reigon getthe factor of zone

Importance factor ---- depend on building using from code

After insert the value of table press OK

3- define mass sourceyou must define the mass source to insert the M value

F = M * a

If L.L more than 500 kg /m2Mass source = D.L + 0.5 L.L

If L.L less than 500 kg /m2Mass source = D.L ( only )

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** from define menu ----- mass source

You can Run the model and get result as previous Example