MILLI G.(1), MIELE S.(2), BARGIACCHI E.(2) · MILLI G.(1), MIELE S.(2), BARGIACCHI E.(2) (1)...

MILLI G.(1), MIELE S.(2), BARGIACCHI E.(2)

(1) Fattoria Autonoma Tabacchi (FAT), I-06012 Città di Castello (Italy) (2) Italian InterUniversity Consortium for Science & Technology of Materials, INSTM, I-

50121 Firenze (Italy)

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NEMATODES & TOBACCO:

AN INCREASING THREAT FOR THE CROP

AGRONOMIC TIPS TO REDUCE THE PROBLEM

CROP ROTATION WITH CEREALS

AVOID TRANSPORTING SOIL FROM INFESTED TO NON INFESTED FIELDS (EQUIPMENT)

EARLY DESTROYING OF PLANT ROOTS & RESIDUES

CONTROL OF POTENTIALLY HOSTING WEEDS

GREEN MANURING WITH BRASSICACEAE (GLUCOSINOLATES)

SOLARIZATION (???)

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NEMATODES & TOBACCO:

AN INCREASING THREAT FOR THE CROP

WITH THE TARGET OF REDUCING THE USE OF TOXIC / ECOTOXIC AGROCHEMICALS, WE HAVE BEEN

CARRYING OUT PLOT & FIELD EXPERIMENTS FOR THE LAST 5 YEARS ON THE USE OF

ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS

SINCE 2013 THESE TESTS HAVE COMPARED ORDINARY NEMATICIDES AS REFERENCE AND

COMMERCIAL ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS

THESE LATTER PRODUCTS INCLUDE LABELED PRODUCTS FOR THEIR ACTION ON NEMATODES, AND BIOSTIMULANTS WHICH SHOULD ACT ONLY TO HELP

PLANT TO COUNTERACT NEMATODE ATTACK

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2013 PLOT TEST AGRONOMIC CONDITIONS AT THE EXPERIMENTAL SITE

EXPERIMENTAL FIELD RONTI-FAT CITTA’ DI CASTELLO

SANDY-LOAM SOIL (sand 548, clay 155, organic Carbon 13 g/kg, pHw 7.9)

Meloidogyne sp. mean count: 244/200 cc soil (april 15, 2013)

Single plot size: 500 m2, 3 replications

Transplanting: June 14, 2013

Virginia Bright cv ITB 678

Topping: Aug. 19, 2013

Harvesting: Aug. 23 – Oct. 17

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2013 PRODUCTS UNDER TEST No. Trade Name A.I. + formulation Manufacturer Tot.Rate kg/ha

0 Control - - -

1 Mocap Etoprofos 10% MG Certis Europe 60

2 Vydate Oxamyl 5% MG DuPont CropProt 60

3 BioAct WG Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251,

1.25% WG

Biogard-CBC Europe 10

4 Mocap + Furos

TwinF1

Etoprofos 10% MG + free

aminoacids 4.9%+rhyzosphere

bacteria 5x108 Ufc/g+mico-rrhyzae

0.1%+Trichoderma spp. 5x107

Ufc/g WG

Certis Europe

+

Diagro Italy

30

+

30

5 Vydate + Furos

TwinF1

Oxamyl 5% MG + free aminoacids

4.9%+rhyzosphere bacteria 5x108

Ufc/g+mico-rrhyzae

0.1%+Trichoderma spp. 5x107

Ufc/g WG

DuPont CropProt

+

Diagro Italy

30

+

30

6 Saviostart 40% +

Saviotan WP

Chestnut Tannin extract 40% MG +

Chestnut Tannin extract 75% WP

Gruppo Saviola Italy 20 + 45

MG = microgranules; WG = wettable granules; WP = wettable powder

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2013 APPLICATION DATES & MODE

PRODUCT 06-14 06-21 06-26 07-03 07-12 07-19 07-25 08-03

kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha

Control - - - -

Mocap 30* 30* - - - - - -

Vydate 30* 30* - - - - - -

Bioact WG 6** 1# 1# 1# 1# - -

Mocap + Furos

Twin-F1

30*

-

-

-

-

15#

-

-

-

15#

-

-

-

-

-

-

Vydate + Furos

Twin-F1

30*

-

-

-

-

15#

-

-

-

15#

-

-

-

-

-

-

Saviostart 40% +

Saviotan WP

20*

-

-

-

-

7.5#

-

7.5#

-

7.5#

-

7.5#

-

7.5#

-

7.5#

* Microgranule Box; ** PT Tray immersion, 2%; # Microirrigation

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NEMATODE No. IN SOIL AND BARKER

GRADING (Oct. 10, 2013)

PRODUCT NEMATODES

No./200 cc soil

BARKER GRADING (1)

Grading StD

CONTROL 405 4.7 0.35

MOCAP 109 4.2 1.45

VYDATE 29 2,8 1.10

BIOACT WG 488 4,9 1.60

MOCAP+FUROS TWIN-F1 285 5,0 1.60

VYDATE+FUROS TWIN-F1 92 3,2 1.60

SAVIOSTART 40%+SAVIOTAN WP 233 3,0 1.05

PRE-TRANSPLANT NEMATODE No. 244

1. Barker, K. R. 1985. Nematode extraction and bioassays. Pp. 19-35, in, K. R. Barker, J. N. Sasser, and C. C. Carter,

eds. An advanced treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol.II Methodology. North Carolina State University Graphics: Raleigh, NC.

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NEMATODE No. IN SOIL AND BARKER

GRADING (Oct. 10, 2013)

PRODUCT NEMATODES

No./200 cc soil

BARKER GRADING (1)

Grading StD

CONTROL 405 4.7 0.35

MOCAP 109 4.2 1.45

VYDATE 29 2,8 1.10

BIOACT WG 488 4,9 1.60

MOCAP+FUROS TWIN-F1 285 5,0 1.60

VYDATE+FUROS TWIN-F1 92 3,2 1.60

SAVIOSTART 40%+SAVIOTAN WP 233 3,0 1.05


NEMATICIDE

BIOSTIMULANT



NEMATICIDE

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2013 YIELD & QUALITY

PRODUCT BARKER

GRADING

YIELD INDEX

CONTROL 4.7 91

MOCAP 4.2 99

VYDATE 2.8 123

BIOACT WG 4.9 81

MOCAP+FUROS TWIN-F1 5.0 82

VYDATE+FUROS TWIN-F1 3.2 107

SAVIOSTART+SAVIOTAN WP 3.0 120

FIELD MEAN (t/ha) 2.65

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2014 PLOT TEST AGRONOMIC CONDITIONS AT THE EXPERIMENTAL SITE

EXPERIMENTAL FIELD MORRA- FAT CITTA’ DI CASTELLO

SANDY-LOAM SOIL (sand 630, clay 73, organic Carbon 10 g/kg, pHw 7.23)

Meloidogyne sp. mean count: 555/200 cc soil (April 30, 2014) – race determination in progress

Single plot size: 690 m2, 3 replications

Transplanting: May 24, 2014

Virginia Bright cv K 326 PVY

Topping: Aug.12, 2014

Harvesting: Aug. 21, Sept. 15 - 22 - 29, 2014

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2014 PRODUCTS UNDER TEST

No. Trade Name A.I. + formulation Manufacturer Tot.Rate kg/ha

0 Control - - -

1 FlocteR Bacillus firmus I-1582 5% WG Bayer CropScience 80

2 Oikos Azadirachtine 2.4% WG SIPCAM Italy 10

3 Vydate Oxamyl 5% MG DuPont CropProt 60

4 Saviostart 18%+

Saviotan WP

Chestnut Tannin extract 18% MG

+ Chestnut Tannin extract 75%

WP

Gruppo Saviola Italy 30 + 45

MG = microgranules; WG = wettable granules; WP = wettable powder

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2014 APPLICATION DATES & MODES

PRODUCT

05-23 05-24 06-10 06-12 06-18 06-26 07-01 07-08 07-31

kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha kg/ha

Control - - - - - - - - -

FlocteR 80* - - - - - - - -

Oikos - 1** - 1.5# 1.5# 1.5# 1.5# 1.5# 1.5#

Vydate - 30## 30## - - - - - -

Saviostart 18%+

Saviotan WP -

-

30##

-

-

-

-

7.5#

-

7.5#

-

7.5#

-

7.5#

-

7.5#

-

7.5#

* PreT Broadcasted & soil incorporated; ** PT Tray immersion,

2%; # Microirrigation; ## Microgranule Box;

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VYDATE

CONTROL

CONTROL FLOCTER CONTROL OIKOS

TANNIN CONTROL VYDATE

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CONTROL

OIKOS

VYDATE

TANNIN FLOCTER

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2014 CURED LEAF YIELD (kg/ha)

No. Trade Name 1st H 2nd H 3rd H 4th H TOT.YIELD YIELD

INDEX ------------------------- kg/ha --------------------------

0 Control 596.23 524.70 690.12 631.80 2442.85 90.68

1 FlocteR 519.79 604.20 933.12 903.96 2961.07 109.92

2 Oikos 556.50 556.50 884.52 758.16 2741.90 101.79

3 Vydate 533.05 602.26 631.80 709.56 2476.67 91.94

4 Saviostart +

Saviotan WP

535.08 576.28 942.84 792.18 2846.48 105.67

FIELD MEANS 2693.79 100.00

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2014 YIELD INDEX & NEMATODE No.

AFTER CROP HARVEST (kg/ha)

No. Trade Name

YIELD

INDEX

NEMATODE

No./200 cc Soil

BARKER

GRADING (1)

Grade StD

0 Control 90.68 1102 4.60 0.97

1 FlocteR 109.92 181 3.00 1.76

2 Oikos 101.79 225 3.70 0.95

3 Vydate 91.94 552 3.90 1.45

4 Saviostart + Saviotan WP 105.67 566 3.10 1.60




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No. Trade Name

YIELD

INDEX

NEMATODE

No./200 cc Soil

BARKER

GRADING (1)

Grade StD

0 Control 90.68 1102 4.60 0.97

1 FlocteR 109.92 181 3.00 1.76

2 Oikos 101.79 225 3.70 0.95

3 Vydate 91.94 552 3.90 1.45



NEMATICIDE

NEMATICIDE

NEMATICIDE



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No. Trade Name

YIELD

INDEX

NEMATODE

No./200 cc Soil

BARKER

GRADING (1)

Grade StD

0 Control 90.68 1102 4.60 0.97

1 FlocteR 109.92 181 3.00 1.76

2 Oikos 101.79 225 3.70 0.95

3 Vydate 91.94 552 3.90 1.45



NEMATICIDE

BIOSTIMULANT

NEMATICIDE

NEMATICIDE



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2014 QUALITY INDEX

No. Trade Name

GRADING QUALITY

INDEX 1st H 2nd H 3rd H 4th H

0 Control XLEB CP CL2 CLEB 87.9

1 FlocteR XLEB XL2 CLGB LLGB 110.4

2 Oikos XLEB CLEB LLEB LLEB 101.8

3 Vydate XLEB XL2 LLEB LLEB 93.0

4 Saviostart +

Saviotan WP XLEB XL2 LLEB LLEB 106.9

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CONCLUSIONS (1) SOME ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS FOR CONTRASTING

NEMATODES ARE UNDER STUDY AT FIELD LEVEL,

WITH INTERESTING RESULTS

THESE PRODUCTS ARE:

PLANT EXTRACTS (e.g. TANNINS, AZADIRACHTINE)

MICROBIAL STRAINS (e.g. FLOCTER)

THEY ARE CHARACTERIZED (PROBABLY) BY

DIFFERENT MECHANISMS OF ACTION: NEMATICIDE OR

BIOSTIMULANT, AND THIS COULD AFFECT THEIR

EFFICACY IN THE MEDIUM-LONG TERM

(DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANT STRAINS or NOT)

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CONCLUSIONS (2) WITH VYDATE AS A REFERENCE, PRESENTLY, MOST

PROMISING ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS ARE:

TESTS WILL CONTINUE TO INCLUDE NEW ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS, EVALUATE THEIR MEDIUM TERM PERFORMANCE, AND DETERMINE ECONOMICAL ASPECTS

YEAR OF

TEST

PRODUCT EFFECT ON YIELD EFFECT ON

NEMATODES

2013 CHESTNUT TANNINS n.s. Limited

(Biostimulant)

2014

FLOCTER BETTER

Evident

(Nematicide/Nemast

at)

CHESTNUT TANNINS BETTER Limited

(Biostimulant)

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THANK YOU

Acknowledgements:

Gruppo Saviola, Viadana (Italy)

Research in part funded on the Research Project

UE Life+ 2013 EVERGREEN (LIFE13 ENV/IT/000461)

Anti-environmentally friendly biomolecules from agricultural

wastes as substitutes of pesticides for plant diseases control

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MILLI G.(1), MIELE S.(2), BARGIACCHI E.(2) · MILLI G.(1), MIELE S.(2), BARGIACCHI E.(2) (1)...

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