Genesi di una tecnologia, dalla ricerca all'industria...

ALMA MATER STUDIORUM UNIVERSITA' DI BOLOGNA

Genesi di una tecnologia, dalla ricerca all’industria ….

Maurizio Gabbrielli

DISI (DiparDmento di InformaDca – Scienza e Ingegneria) FOCUS Team INRIA

EIT Digital

2 Maurizio Gabbrielli MOM 2016

… per fare innovazione


Innovazione: -‐ The implementa:on of a new or significantly improved product, or

process, a new marke:ng method, or a new organisa:onal method

in business prac:ces, workplace organisa:on or external rela:ons1

-‐ scope beyond science and technology, involving investments in a

wide range of knowledge based assets that extend beyond R&D.

Social and organisa:onal innova:ons, are increasingly important

1 OECD/European Communi:es (2005). Oslo manual — Guidelines for collec:ng and interpre:ng

innova:on data.

2 OECD (2015). Innova:on Strategy 2015 an Agenda for Policy Ac:on


L’innovazione è essenziale per la crescita …

•  From 1995 to 2013, about 0.35 percent. points of annual average

GDP growth can be aYributed to investment in ICT capital alone

•  From 1995 to 2007:

•  about 0.5 percent. points of annual average GDP growth in

EU, and 0.9 in US was due to business investment in KBC

•  About 0.7 percent. points (or 1/3 of total) of GDP growth

in OECD countries was due to mul:factor produc:vity

growth, linked to process innova:ons.

Source: OECD (2015). Innova:on Strategy 2015 an Agenda for Policy Ac:on.

… ma se guardiamo l’Italia

.


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leading to the emergence of a “next production revolution” (OECD, 2015a). In the current context of a weak global recovery, business and policy leaders need to take advantage of these trends to accelerate structural shifts towards a stronger and more sustainable economic future that creates new jobs and opportunities. The remainder of this paper briefly sets out the broader context for innovation and elaborates on the five priorities for policy action.

Why innovation?

6. Innovation underpins the growth and dynamism of all economies. In many OECD countries, firms now invest as much in the knowledge-based assets that drive innovation, such as software, databases, research and development (R&D), firm-specific skills and organisational capital, as they do in physical capital, such as machinery, equipment or buildings. Moreover, billions of people around the world, including in emerging economies, today have access to the Internet and are connected to one another, enabling knowledge diffusion and the creation of further innovations. The proliferation of massive amounts of data (such as geolocation data from mobile phones) is just a hint of what can be expected from the emergence of ubiquitous data generation and computing characterised as the “Internet of Things”. These, and other technological changes in fields like bio- and nano-technology and the associated advanced materials, will lead to ongoing transformations in the nature of production, jobs, the location of economic activity, and the respective roles of different sectors in the economy (OECD, 2015a).

Figure 1. Contributions to GDP growth Total economy, annual percentage point contribution, 1995-2013

Source: OECD (2015b), OECD Compendium of Productivity Indicators, 2015, based on OECD Productivity Database, January 2015.

7. Such technological changes and related non-technological innovations are an important driver of growth. Empirical analysis shows that innovation, in its various forms, contributes to growth through several channels:

x A contribution resulting from technological progress embodied in physical capital. The latest OECD estimates show that about 0.35 percentage points of annual average GDP growth between 1995 and 2013 can be attributed to investment in information and communications technology (ICT) capital alone [Figure 1; OECD, 2015b].

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

ITA JPN DNK DEU FRA PRT BEL NLD AUT CHE GBR ESP FIN SWE USA CAN NZL AUS IRL KOR

Multifactor productivity Non-ICT capital ICT capital Labour input


Ingredien: di base per l’innovazione

1.  Good research

2.  Capacity of understanding societal an market needs

3.  Tools for facilita:ng the technological transfer, e.g.

EIT (European Ins:tute of Technology)

•  An independent body of the European Union set up in 2008 to

spur innova:on and entrepreneurship across Europe.

•  A budget of several hundred of million Euros a year

(75 Millions of EIT funding for ICT in 2017)


A (micro)service-‐oriented

programing language … for innova:on!


Why Service Oriented Programming

iComposi:onality is fundamental in all aspect of computer science

•  Hardware: complex systems built on top of simpler ones

•  Soeware: Monolithic vs. Modular. This is even more important in the context of concurrent and distributed applica:ons where a lot of things can go wrong:

•  Race condi:ons •  Communica:ons

•  Heterogenous systems

•  Faults •  …


Service composi:on In principle everything could be

done by using a Turing machine …

But things can be simplified by

hiding lower level details.

Two main approaches

•  New library/tools/framework

for exis:ng programming languages;

•  New programming language.

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Service-‐Oriented Programming

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3 Commandments

•  Everything is a service;

•  A service is an applica:on that offers opera:ons;

•  A service can invoke another service by calling one of its opera:ons.


Service-‐Oriented Programming

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•  Everything is a service;

•  A service is an applica:on that offers opera:ons;

•  A service can invoke another service by calling one of its opera:ons.

Services Objects

Operations Methods

Service-Oriented Object-Oriented

Recalling the

Object-Oriented creed


Micro services

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Le tre micro-‐virtù

•  Services are small -‐ fine-‐grained to perform a single func:on

•  Automa:on of deployment and tes:ng

•  Loose coupling and high cohesion


Why Jolie for innova:on ?

Ricordiamo gli ingredien: per l’innovazione

1.  Good research

2.  Capacity of understanding societal an market needs

3.  Tools for facilita:ng the technological transfer


Why Jolie for innova:on?

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1) Formal founda:ons from Academia ….

Taught also in:


SSO2006 Guidi et al.

Claudio Guidi, Roberto Lucchi, Roberto Gorrieri, Nadia Busi, Gianluigi ZavaYaro: SOCK: A Calculus for Service Oriented Compu:ng. ICSOC 2006.


SOCK

•  Developed in the context of the European project SENSORIA, in the style of the process calculi (CCS, Milner, 1980; Pi Calculus,

Milner et al. 1992)

•  Using loca:ons rather than channels (Ambient Calculus, Cardelli

and Gordon, 1998)

•  Inspired also by WS-‐BPEL (OASIS 2004): ports and workflows

•  Simplifica:on of approaches a la BPEL. Three levels:

Workflows, Processes, and Network


Jolie (Montesi et al. 2007)

2006 Proof of concept:

•  Inspired by SOCK (SOS style seman:cs helpful!).

•  Communica:ons (O-‐W e R-‐R) implemented in a different way

2007 Evolu:on:

•  Protocols, Correla:on, Data and Ports 2008 Web integra:on and architectural composi:on operators:

•  Support for HTTP, first web server in Jolie •  Embedding, aggrega:on, redirec:on

Fabrizio Montesi, Claudio Guidi, Roberto Lucchi, Gianluigi ZavaYaro: JOLIE: a Java Orchestra:on Language Interpreter Engine. ENTCS 2007.


Jolie from a broad perspec:ve 2008

•  Crea:on of italianaSoeware

2013

•  Release of Jolie 1.0 •  Jolie Enterprise

2016

•  Jolie team reaches 60 contributors

•  Jolie reaches 3000 commits


From the news … in 2008 !


Why Jolie for innova:on?

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2) Tested and used in the Real World


Real world: societal and market needs …


Legend

City Bus Operator

UserMaaS

OperatorCrowdsourcing

Operator

Bus DelaysDBBusinessPolicies

Bus GPS Positioning

Payment TimetablesReal-time Position

In-houseservices

Real-time PositionPub/Sub Service

Timetable Proxy

eTicketingSystem

DB

Car Hailing Proxy

Car Hailing Company

Hailing Service

Route NetworkDisruption Notifier

JourneyPlanner

SMAll

SMAll

SMAll

ServiceSMAll HelperService

ServiceSMAll CompliantService

Federation

Timetables

Timetable Proxy

externalinvocation

Bus GPS Proxy

TripHandler

ServiceRegistry / Discovery

National TrainOperator

plantrip

forwardrequest

subscription

Dispatcher

orchestrateservices

eTicketingAnalysisService

…. attaccked by using Jolie: EIT SmAll project (2016)


3. Technology transfer tools used for Jolie

•  Associazione Innovami, Imola (incubatore di iS)

•  UniBo (“incubatore” SOCK)

•  Programma SPINNER di Regione ER

•  INRIA


Summarizing … why Jolie?

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•  A live open source project with con:nuous updates and a well documented codebase

•  Comprehensive and ever-‐growing documenta:on and Standard Library.

hYps://github.com/jolie/jolie

hYp://docs.jolie-‐lang.org

“This is the programming language

you are looking for”


The future

Claudio, Saverio and others will say more today on the future of Jolie and microservices

however ….


L’innovazione è difficile da prevedere ….

“There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.”

Ken Olson, DEC co-‐founder, 1987

“The problem of viruses is temporary and

will be solved in two years.”

John Mac Affee, 1988

“The Internet? We are not interested in it.”

Bill Gates, 1993


Don’t feel bad if you cannot predict the future ..

•  The predic:on performance of experts is not beYer than random guessing.

•  Correct predic:ons are oeen way off in :ming Based on a study of Philip Tetlock on 27,450 predic:ons by 284 experts in many fields. Don’t Feel Bad if You Can’t Predict the Future, Peter J. Denning, CACM vol 55 No 9, September 2012


Grazie

Genesi di una tecnologia, dalla ricerca all'industria...

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