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Annalisa Sandrelli Modulo di interpretazione consecutiva dallinglese allitaliano

Facolt di Traduzione e Interpretariato, LUSPIO A.A. !""#!"

INAUGURAZIONE (MOSTRA, FESTIVAL, TORNEO...

An!" #$rn%a&'s speec% at t%e Ro"a Aca!e&" o) Arts '#"zanti$& E*%i+ition'

21 October 2008

Prime Minister, your excellencies, ladies and gentlemen.In London we hae come to ex!ect exhibitions and collections on an ambitious scale " #rom $ussiahere at the %cademy, or the &ritish Museum's (adrian. &ut een by these recent standards,tonight's o))ering is something o) an e!ic * ca!turing as it does 1000 years o) history and !ullingtogether incredible !ieces )rom 8+ lenders and )rom collections across uro!e, the -%, $ussia,-/raine and gy!t.his is truly an international e))ort and it is there)ore a real !riilege and a !leasure to be here thiseening. %nd I'm sure you would all oin me in saying how honoured we are to welcome you PrimeMinister. %nd, on behal) o) the oernment, to than/ you )or all that you " and so many others "hae done to bring this exhibition about.oday, understandably, all the tal/ is o) the challenges o) globali3ation " and I'e no doubt PrimeMinister, that these challenges hae been high on your agenda during your isit here this wee/. &utwhat those isiting this exhibition will see, is that it was not our generation that inentedglobali3ation, nor was it the )irst to )ace the challenges !osed by it.&y3antium, )or exam!le, was a culture that thried on the diersity o) its !eo!les, that traded witheery !art o) the world, that understood that culture was not con)ined to one nation's borders andunderstood hard and so)t !ower.(ere in the west, I'm sorry to say, too many !eo!le beliee ciilisation began with the $omans. &ut$ome was only eer one hal) o) the story. 4onstantino!le /e!t learning and art and science aliewhile 5estern uro!e was ri!!ing itsel) a!art during the dar/ ages. oday its riches are scatteredacross the world. o it is a magni)icent achieement to hae gathered so many in one !lace. %nd Itoo must !ay tribute to the $oyal %cademy and the &ena/i Museum , and to the taros 6iarchos#oundation )or their generous su!!ort.he $oyal %cademy, o) course, has a !roud tradition o) !resenting treasures drawn )rom across theworld. Most recently #rom $ussia which brought wor/s )rom that country's collections to the -7)or the )irst time. %nd, )ollowing that, ur/s * a !resentation o) the art o) the Ottomans.%ll three exhibitions hae something in common bringing under one roo), )or the )irst time, thecream o) the world's !ublic and !riate collections. %nd all three hae used short term loans )romacross the world to bring together the shared history o) our ciili3ation. o eeryone's bene)it.

%nd I am coninced that this model is one that will endure " these /inds o) loan arrangementsbene)it each !arty and the !ublic )ar more than the more static arrangements o) the !ast. he greatcultural institutions o) the world wor/ing together as e9uals. &orrowing )rom each others'

!ermanent collections, to create exhibitions that hae neer been e9ualled. Putting the !ast behindthem and )ocusing on how best to tell the story o) the great ciili3ations.&y3antium o))ers us a lesson here. :es it was diided by !olitics, but it was also united in a loeand a!!reciation o) its art. aint o!hia is a monumental !roo) o) this theory " whether a church, amos9ue or a museum, it has been !rotected and cherished by m!erors and ultans, !riests andimams.he writer $obert &yron described &y3antium as haing a $oman body, a ree/ mind and anoriental soul. onight we are !riileged to hae a uni9ue chance to see this )usion s/etched in

marble, wood and gold. It deseres the widest !ossible audience and I'm con)ident that the!ainsta/ing wor/ o) those who hae drawn this exhibition together will be rewarded with !reciselythat. Indeed I understand adanced tic/et sales hae already exceeded all ex!ectations.

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Its incredible to thin/ that the !ieces ma/ing u! this collection are here together )or the )irst timesince the )all o) 4onstantino!le, giing all who isit a window into the great m!ire o) the east.

Aoc$zione !e resi!ente !ea Rep$++ica Gior-io Napoitano in occasione!e'ina$-$razione !ea &ostra nostoi presso i n$o/o &$seo !e'Acropoi Atene, $

sette%&re !!'

La astit; del !atrimonio culturale dei nostri due Paesi, che hanno trasmesso all lanostra cultura ? oggetto di studi in tutto il mondo> in ragione della loro belle33a, le o!ere classichenel corso di oltre enticin9ue secoli hanno is!irato e ancora oggi is!irano ogni stile artistico.Per 9uesti motii, non !ossiamo tollerare la sottra3ione illecita di o!ere d


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%rtists, Distinguished guests, Ladies and gentlemen,It gies me great honour to address you here, the biggest and most ibrant celebration o) outh%)rica's rich and multi)aceted arts and culture the annual 6ational %rts #estial held inrahamstown. he GHth edition o) the 6ational %rts #estial is a celebration o) our )inest artists,musicians, dancers, cra)ters, writers and creatie intellectuals.

he )estial has oer H00 eents on the main and )ringe !rogrammes, s!anning )rom theatre todance, o!era to cabaret, )ine art to cra)t art, classical music to a33, !oetry readings to lecturesincluding eery art )orm imaginable. It is one o) the most dierse )estials in the world. here issomething )or eery taste. rahamstown becomes the most exciting cultural destination during the)estial.his )estial ha!!ens as the world gathers on outh %)rican soil )or one o) its largest s!ortingeents, the )ootball 5orld 4u!> the 6ational %rts #estial o))ers both outh %)ricans and ourinternational isitors a aluable o!!ortunity to share in the humanity that de)ines outh %)rica as aibrant nation.I want to a!!laud the 6ational %rts #estial, !articularly the #estial Director, Mr Ismail Mahomed,)or integrating the atmos!here o) soccer in its !rogramme. isitors to the )estial must go and see

the ma/araba exhibition and see how cra)ters ma/e the ma/arabas. isitors must go and see theinternational !lay J#ootballK which is haing its %)rican !remiere in rahamstown. On uesdaywhen our national team &a)ana &a)ana !lays against #rance, the 6ational %rts #estial will not be

!resenting any !er)ormances. It will be calling on all artists and audiences to oin in the celebrationsat the Public iewing %rea and to blow their uu3elas in )ull su!!ort o) the outh %)rican team.he 6ational %rts #estial will )ully su!!ort &a)ana &a)ana with the slogan one nation one goalOer the !ast 2H years, the :oung %rtist !rogramme o) the 6ational %rts #estial has discoeredoutstanding talent and it has cata!ulted these artists into international careers. here)ore, on behal)o) the De!artment o) %rts and 4ulture, I ta/e this o!!ortunity to than/ the tandard &an/#oundation )or haing the ision to !artner with the 6ational %rts #estial to s!onsor this

!rogramme. I also want to congratulate this year's winners )or Dance, #ilm, Music, Fa33, isual %rtand heatre.Ladies and gentlemen,%s much as 2010 is about the world coming to outh %)rica, it is also about outh %)ricans coming

bac/ to their motherland. 5e /now that many le)t outh %)rica because o) )ear and uncertainty butwe hae !roed oer and oer, that the outh %)rica s!irit is resilient and that we are committed toma/ing eery returning indiidual call this country home. here)ore we welcome our brothers,sisters, sons and daughters who are returning to outh %)rica.he 6ational %rts #estial celebrates the s!irit o) home*coming by each year identi)ying a outh%)rica artist )or whom !er)orming at the #estial is a moing homecoming ex!erience. his year(ugh Mase/ela will o))icially close the )estial celebrations when he !er)orms his songs o)

migration at the )estial on the last day.%s the thousands o) international isitors leae our shores at the end o) the 5orld 4u!, they willta/e home souenirs made by some o) our cra)tsmen and cra)tswomen )or whom the humble wor/which they sha!e with their hands is their only income. hese include bead*wor/ers, woodscul!tors and stone masons. Oer the last two years the reen 4ra)t #air at the 6ational %rts#estial has been growing in both stature and si3e. %s !art o) a !rogramme o) res!onsible growth,the #air has initiated a Jgreening the greenK !rogramme this year which heightens awareness o)enironmental issues and which should become a tem!late )or all other Mar/ets in the country to)ollow.In )act, the wor/ o) cra)ts !eo!le is !ut on such high !remium at the 6ational %rts #estial that cra)tis !art o) the main !rogramme o) the )estial. he wor/ o) rural women )rom the 7eis/amma %rts

Proect whose embroidery now adorns the boardrooms o) so many cor!orate organisations is one o)the most im!ortant exhibitions at the )estial this year. &y giing the 7eis/amma %rts Proect a!rominent !lace on the #estial's main !rogramme, the )estial is giing isibility to these )aceless


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women who tirelessly wor/ to educate the world about the raages o) (I and %ID through theircra)ted designs. o the women o) the 7eis/amma %rts Proect whose exhibition this year )ocuseson (I and %ID, I want to say, Jthat een your humble beads and cloth and needles and cottongies us all the ho!e that someday we will combat the scourge o) (I and %ID.Khe De!artment o) %rts and 4ulture is committed to ensure that the arts !lay a meaning)ul role in

building and !romoting social cohesion. he arts hae the !otential to in)orm, to educate, to ins!ireand to deelo! our !eo!le.he arts are also an im!ortant !art o) our economy. Particularly in the astern 4a!e where there isstill a seere gri! o) !oerty, arts and culture !lay an im!ortant role in building the economythrough cultural tourism. he 6ational %rts #estial is )ast earning a re!utation as an international)estial. his year, there are artists at the )estial )rom Mexico, %rgentina, -%, wa3iland,&otswana, Nimbabwe, Malawi, #rance, ermany, Italy, wit3erland, inga!ore, &osnia and%ustralia.I want to extend a warm outh %)rican welcome to each o) these international artists who will begracing our country this year. &y !utting together such a huge international contingent inrahamstown this year, the 6ational %rts #estial has demonstrated that s!orts and arts do not hae

to be on o!!osite ends o) our lies but that a healthy balance between s!orts and arts togetherenriches our lies.he 4onstitution o) outh %)rica !reseres the right o) our !eo!le to celebrate our rich diersity butit also guarantees the right o) eery indiidual to hae access to learning and to cultural

!rogrammes. he Jarts )or allK cam!aign must ensure that the art reaches een the !oorest o) our!eo!le. I a!!laud the 6ational %rts #estial )or haing the ision to drie !roects which ta/e youtho)) the streets and which trans)orm their lies by giing them ex!osure to the arts, and also !roectswhich ta/e !er)ormances to clinics, old age homes and to rural illages. Other im!ortant !roectsteach creatie s/ills to unem!loyed !eo!le and there is an innoation hub which this year willenable )ie townshi! women to launch their own sustainable small businesses which will o!erate atthe )estial and beyond.o the city o) rahamstown and the !eo!le o) the astern 4a!e, I say this is your moment his isyour time to share with the world the richness o) our !eo!le, the ibrancy o) our cultures and theresilient s!irit o) a nation that is determined to be an im!ortant role*!layer on the world stage. Ourartists are our oices, our conscience, our eyes and ears I salute eery artist at this year's 6ational%rts #estial as I declare the 2010 6ational %rts #estial o))icially o!en.han/ you.

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1ERIMONIE E RI1ORRENZE

Messa-e +" 2$an So&a/ia, Director3Genera o) t%e Internationa La+o$r O))ice, on t%e

occasion o) 4or! AIDS Da", 5 Dece&+er 6778

Oer GG million !eo!le are liing with (I%ID. More than E0 !er cent are adults in their!roductie and re!roductie !rime.JI am liing my rights. to! %ID, /ee! the !romise.K It is our collectie res!onsibility to res!ondto this call o) 5orld %ID Day 200E. 7ee!ing the !romise means enabling (I*!ositie wor/ersto remain on the ob. liminating (I%ID*related stigma and discrimination in the world o) wor/u!holds the dignity o) wor/ and o) wor/ers.Policies and strategies )or !reention and treatment sustain the wor/)orce they must reach allwor/ers, whereer they wor/, including in the in)ormal and rural economy. %nd in sustaining thewor/)orce we sustain )amilies, communities, societies and economies.oday, with )our million !eo!le worldwide able to access treatment, !rogress can be ac/nowledged.he ILO with its uni9ue tri!artite structure com!rising goernments, wor/ers and em!loyers, wor/sin close !artnershi! with -6%ID, other international agencies and a range o) national sta/eholdersto reach women and men in their wor/!laces " whether in )actories or o))ices, in )arms or homes,on the roads or at sea. 5e )orge !artnershi!s )or !reention, to )ight stigma and discrimination andto brea/ down barriers to testing and treatment.he !resent economic crisis is aggraating !re*existing challenges o) unem!loyment andunderem!loyment, !oerty and growing insecurity. ocial !rotection systems, already wea/ orabsent in so many instances, are unli/ely to be able to !roide the much needed bu))er.he wea/est tend to be hit )irst and hardest. hose liing with or a))ected by (I and %ID

o)ten belong to the most ulnerable segments o) society. u))ering multi!le disadantages,they see their lielihoods and their ery lies threatened. 5e mustn't )orget that )or eery two!ersons who obtain treatment, there are )ie new in)ections and one o) eery two new in)ections isamong 1+*2 year olds. oo many o) these young !eo!le are unli/ely to reali3e their !otential. 5ecannot relent on !reention. It must be multi*dimensional and a!!roached with longtermcommitment, creatiity and diersity.It is widely ac/nowledged that the crisis res!onse must be both !roductie and !eo!lecentredand that the !ost crisis world must be di))erent. he ILO's lobal Fobs Pact is centred onem!loyment and social !rotection within the )ramewor/ o) the Decent 5or/ %genda, in whichres!ect )or rights at wor/ and social dialogue are integral com!onents. he Pact calls )or wor/!lace

!rogrammes on (I%ID as !art o) an e))ectie crisis res!onse. uch action must be sustained in

the !ost crisis world.On this 5orld %ID Day we !ay tribute to all who are engaged in brea/ing the silence and tac/lingone the cruellest global tragedies o) our times.he ILO renews its commitment to doing our !art to /ee! the !romise in and through the world o)wor/.

Messa-e +" 2$an So&a/ia

Director3Genera o) t%e Internationa La+o$r O))ice

on t%e occasion o) Internationa 4o&en9s Da", : Marc% 677:

oday we celebrate the enormousand o)ten unac/nowledgedcontributions o) women around

the world to their )amilies, communities and societies. his year, the )ocus o) the -nited 6ations is)inancing )or gender e9uality and the em!owerment o) women. %t the ILO, we are mar/ing the day

by highlighting the im!ortance o) JInesting in Decent 5or/ )or women 6ot ust right, but smart.K

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5e beliee that the wor/!lace and the world o) wor/ are at the centre o) global solutions to addressgender e9uality and the adancement o) women in society.5omen continue to enter the world's wor/)orce in great numbers. Oer the !ast decade, the numbero) wor/ing women has increased by 200 million. More women are com!leting higher leels o)education and moing into senior management !ositions at their !laces o) wor/.

&ut these adancements cannot and must not obscure the glaring ine9uities that still exist inwor/!laces throughout the world. 5omen are 0 !er cent o) the wor/ing !o!ulation worldwideyet re!resent H0 !er cent o) the world's wor/ing !oor.-nem!loyment among women also continues to increase. In 200Q, there were 81.H million womenloo/ing but unable to )ind wor/that's oer ten million more than one decade ago. en whenthey do )ind wor/, women are more li/ely to be in ulnerable em!loyment that is low !aid andlac/ing in bene)its and social !rotection. Due to gender roles and res!onsibilities, they also mustreconcile the double*burden o) un!aid )amily care wor/.ender ine9uality isn't ust bad social !olicy> it is bad economics. he most recent ILO lobal$e!ort()ualit* at +or- Tacling te callenges, highlights the role that gender ine9uality !lays in

constraining !roductiity, growth and !ros!erity. %ddressing such ine9uality at the wor/!lace andta!!ing into the ast socio*economic !otential o) women through im!roements in their status inlabour mar/ets would bene)it indiiduals and )amilies, wor/ers and em!loyers, and societies andnational economies. In other words, inesting in decent wor/ )or women is not ust right, but smart.5e at the ILO will continue to strie )or gender e9uality and res!ect )or the rights o) indiiduals inthe world o) wor/. 5e are committed to wor/ing with goernments, em!loyers and wor/erstowards the goal o) !romoting decent wor/ )or women and men ali/e. Our recently*reised %ctionPlan )or ender 9uality has been launched to under!in our e))orts to that end.On this International 5omen's Day, we rea))irm that by cham!ioning women's rights and inestingin decent wor/, we are em!owering societies and adancing the cause o) economic and socialdeelo!ment )or all.

Messa-e +" 2$an So&a/ia

Director3Genera o) t%e Internationa La+o$r O))ice

on t%e occasion o) Internationa Da" o) ersons 0it% Disa+iities, ; Dece&+er 677:

%s we obsere this International Day o) Persons with Disabilities, the theme JDignity and Fustice)or %ll o) -sK is highly !ertinent in light o) the dee!ening global economic crisis.Peo!le with disabilities are o)ten excluded and marginali3ed " not least )rom the world o) wor/.

hey are !articularly ulnerable in times o) crisis.his year mar/s the H0th anniersary o) the -niersal Declaration o) (uman $ights. It is timely torecall the rights o) !eo!le with disabilities and the contribution they can ma/e to social andeconomic deelo!ment.O) the H+0 million !eo!le with disabilities " around 10 !er cent o) the world's !o!ulation "some Q0 million are o) wor/ing age. %bout 80 !er cent lie in deelo!ing countries, and the astmaority are either liing below the !oerty line or are engaged in ulnerable )orms o) wor/.%gainst these odds, !eo!le with disabilities daily demonstrate their !roductiity and theircommitment to contributing to their communities and societies. hroughout the world, !eo!le withdisabilities are alued em!loyees or em!loyers constantly challenging misconce!tions about theirability to wor/. his is doubly im!ortant " it is a matter o) res!ecting the rights and dignity o)

!eo!le with disabilities as well as em!owering indiiduals, strengthening economies and enrichingsocieties.

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he ILO's mission o) !romoting decent wor/ )or all embraces !eo!le with disabilities. he recent-6 4onention on the $ights o) Persons with Disabilities adds a crucial !olicy tool that will enable

!eo!le with disabilities to !lay a much more central role in social and economic deelo!ment.

TESTI INFORMATIVI

NAT (Nationa AIDS Tr$st

6% R6ational %ID rustS is the -7


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he online !etition calls u!on goernments to ma/e the elimination o) hunger their to! !riority.#%O ho!es the !etition will s!read through social media sites such as #aceboo/, witter and:ouube. Many !eo!le around the world, )rom Paris to 6ew :or/ to :o/ohama hae alreadysigned on to #%O


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led the world in securing the commitment to achieing uniersal access to treatment, care and!reention.5hen !eo!le as/ me i) aid really wor/s, I !oint to the !eo!le I hae met on my traels who willnow lie to see their children grow because o) li)e*saing medicines * !aid )or by the &ritish !eo!le.Fust this wee/ the goernment announced two im!ortant new !rogrammes o) su!!ort %

awareness cam!aign in southern %)rica, designed to change behaiour and encourage condom use.%nd o) course in e!tember this year we made an un!recedented long*term commitment to theglobal )und to )ight %ids, & and Malaria. his aid )or aids really does sae lies. here are now1.G million !eo!le in %)rica who are liing with (I instead o) dying )rom aids, because o) whatwe, together, hae done.I /now that in !laces o) worshi!, wor/!laces, student unions and schools all oer the country, wor/is being done to mar/ world aids day and I want to than/ you )or your magni)icent contribution.:our commitment ins!ires me. I am determined that we, in goernment, will continue to !lay aleadershi! role, not only in the -7 but around the world. he &ritish !eo!le are saing andtrans)orming lies all across the world. han/ you )or all that you do.

U? E!$cation Minister Speec% on t%e occasion o) t%e a$nc% o) t%e Nationa @ear o) Rea!in-

I'm delighted to be with you to share my ambitions )or the national year o) reading.he last national year o) reading too/ !lace almost ten years ago, bac/ in 1EE8. During that year, acou!le o) students at tan)ord -niersity, !robably as an exercise in !rocrastination, came u! withan interesting idea that they thought might a!!eal to a )ew !eo!le. In e!tember, they set u! acom!any in their )riend's garage and registered their idea " deciding to call it oogle.han/s in !art to that com!any, the world today com!ared with ten years ago has changed almost

beyond all recognition and com!rehension through the technological reolution. %s a result, somemight argue that we lie in a isual age, bombarded with images and oerwhelmed by adertising.hey would suggest that while our communication has been s!eeded u! immeasurably, it has beenim!oerished and corru!ted by text*s!ea/.I don't agree. I beliee that reading, writing and all )orms o) literacy is more im!ortant than eer

be)ore " essential both to !ersonal deelo!ment and academic achieement. 5ords are essential tointer!ret, understand and debate the com!lex world around us. %nd reading is a !roen way toac9uire the language we need to ex!ress ourseles.5e are all )amiliar with the statistics. 5e /now that literacy is )undamental to achieement acrossthe curriculum. 5e /now that !oor literacy is associated with lower s/ills, )ewer em!loyment

!ros!ects and a ris/ o) social exclusion.Moreoer, when the Man &oo/er awards and the (arry Potter launch receie the same /ind o)

coerage once resered )or the Oscars> when boo/ grou!s are s!ringing u! in eery city, town andillage> when boo/ crossing is so wides!read that the term has been added to the Ox)ord nglishDictionary, it's clear that reading and boo/s still hold a uni9ue !lace in our culture and society.%nd we shouldn't assume that there needs to be a battle between com!uters and boo/s. he digitalreolution brings its own bene)its to those who loe reading. &logs and web 2.0 content brea/ downthe boundaries between reader and writer, encouraging actie engagement and interaction with thewords on the !age " or website. Other sites bring the classics to new audiences )or )ree. %nd )oryoung !eo!le who hae grown u! during the digital reolution, online content can be as accessibleand releant as boo/s, logging on )or in)ormation as natural as !ic/ing u! a news!a!er is )or their

!arents.Many o) you are already inoled in local or national !roects which see/ to !romote reading )or

!leasure and )or !ur!ose. he national year o) reading will hel! to bring all these indiidual !roectstogether, creating a coherent )ramewor/ and galanising a renewed sense o) !ur!ose and action.en years ago, as the De!artment )or ducation and m!loyment, we )ocused ery much on

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schools and libraries as the local hubs )or the national year o) reading. oday, we are theDe!artment )or 4hildren, chools and #amilies, res!onsible )or eery !olicy which touches ora))ects )amily li)e.&ecause we /now that to narrow ga!s in achieement and to delier increasingly !ersonalised,res!onsie !ublic serices, we hae to )ully inole )amilies as actie !artners. %nd by su!!orting

con)ident, stable )amilies, we will deelo! healthy, ha!!y children who grow into ambitious,success)ul adults.5e also /now that it is what )amily members do, rather than who they are, or how )amilies arestructured, that matters. 5here Dad reads the bed time story, whether or not he lies at home, he'sinstilling good habits and setting the !ositie exam!le that reading is aluable and im!ortant thatencourages reading later on " es!ecially among boys.o we see )amily inolement " mum, dad, grand!arents and siblings, neighbours and )riends "anyone who is im!ortant to children " as essential to the success o) this year o) reading. Moreoer,we see the national year o) reading as an im!ortant o!!ortunity to !romote reading among adults "es!ecially as a route in to deelo!ing other s/ills and im!roing their em!loyment !ros!ects.%s a result, we see business and em!loyer inolement as being as im!ortant as school and college

!artici!ation. Indeed, I beliee that this year will hae a )ar greater im!act i) we thin/ imaginatielyand creatiely about who needs to be inoled " i) we inole not only libraries and boo/sho!s butchildren's centres and businesses.In !articular, I see local leadershi! as being absolutely central to ensuring that this year ma/es adi))erence in our communities. Local authorities are the ones who can bring all the threadstogether, driing and co*ordinating all local actiity to include all local !artners and inole alllocal )amilies.I /now that many local authorities already demonstrate tremendous enthusiasm and )oresight in thisarea. #or exam!le, &olton has been actiely su!!orting their local literacy trust in engaging withthose who would most bene)it )rom better access to boo/s. hey'e been setting u! J4are to $eadcornersK in di))erent enues across the borough, with toys, boo/s and story sac/s !romoting acom)ortable and welcoming enironment )or )amilies to read together. hey o!erate )amily andcommunity learning serices which include s!ecial sessions )or single !arents with limited access totheir children. In Derbyshire and Derby 4ity, one !roect which is haing incredible results is a&uddy $eading !roect which hel!s care leaers im!roe their literacy by hel!ing young childrenwith their reading. &oth child and young !erson gain con)idence in their abilities and the young

!erson deelo!s social and organisational s/ills alongside a real boost in their sel)*esteem.6ewcastle is )ortunate home to the national centre )or children's boo/s, !art )inanced by the citycouncil as well as other !artners. 6ot only does the centre encourage children and young !eo!le toread " it motiates them to ex!lore the creatie !rocess, thin/ing about how authors and illustrate

boo/s. #rom there, it's ust a short ste! to JI can do thatK " ins!iring more young !eo!le to write

their own stories and wor/s. In addition, I /now that areas )rom &irmingham and Manchester toLambeth and 5estminster, to name but a )ew, are already ta/ing u! the challenges and !uttingarrangements in !lace to ma/e the year o) reading a success.I also want to congratulate the 6ational Literacy rust and their !artners in the consortium on theira!!ointment to delier and oersee the year o) reading. &ringing together so many committed andmotiated organisations " es!ecially among the oluntary and charity sectors who o)ten alreadyhae the in)rastructure and /nowledge to reach out to the )amilies who will most bene)it )rom thisyear " is an inaluable asset.I also beliee that this national year o) reading should be about building on success. %boutac/nowledging the !rogress we'e made since the last year o) reading. %bout celebrating thesuccess o) national !rogrammes li/e &oo/start and &oys into &oo/s, as well as the many hundreds

o) local initiaties which hae made such a di))erence. 5e can use this excellent starting !oint as away o) demonstrating the clear adantages o) reading.

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ogether, we can conince those who see reading as boring or irreleant o) its central im!ortance toeeryday li)e. 5e can hel! more !arents " es!ecially more )athers " reading with their children, andenoying the time they s!end in this way. 5e will encourage more children " es!ecially more boys

" to read )or !ersonal enoyment and not ust in school.5e will su!!ort more adults to gain increased con)idence in reading " both as an end in itsel) and as

a !recursor to )urther learning.5e can hel! to create a culture which alues and celebrates reading " where children discuss their)aourite boo/s as )re9uently as they discuss their )aourite s!orts team or show. his would bea !ro)ound and !ower)ul legacy " but one which I beliee is achieable. I'm delighted that so manyo) you hae demonstrated your interest and commitment to these ambitions and I loo/ )orward towor/ing with you to realise them. han/ you ery much.

E$rope9s &ission in t%e 0or! 67 "ears a)ter 58:8

Forum of the Community of SantEgidio, Faiths and Cultures in Dialogue, Krakow, 6

Septemer !""#

W/istorical &acground- "0'0, atu%ultuous *ear6 Ma" (ungary dismantles the barbed wire and electric )encing on its borders with %ustria.Moscow does not act.; 2$ne olidarity, the Polish trade union that became a social moement, wins irtually eery seatit contests.6; A$-$st Protesters )orm 00*mile human chain in &altic states, demanding autonomy )romMoscow.Septe&+er &y the end o) summer thousands o) ast ermans had )led, many using tourist isas toenter eastern bloc countries and then cam!ing in 5est erman embassies. On 10 e!tember,

(ungary announced )ree !assage to west )or ast ermans.3= Octo+er D$ celebrates its 0th anniersary. Mi/hail orbache, the oiet !resident, tries to

!ersuade rich (onec/er, the D$ leader, to acce!t re)orm. here are mass !rotests in astermany. 5ithin two wee/s, (onec/er is )orced out.; No/e&+er43echosloa/ authorities allow ast ermans to go to the west.8 No/e&+er D$ authorities cae to !ressure and o!en border crossing to 5est &erlin and 5estermany. he &erlin 5all )alls.57 No/e&+er odor Nhi/o o) &ulgaria, a staunch oiet ally, is ousted by his !olitburo. Po!ular

!rotests build and )ree elections are held in 1EE0.5= No/e&+er $iot !olice su!!ress a !eace)ul demonstration in Prague, s!ar/ing a series o) hugedemonstrations and a nationwide stri/e.6B No/e&+er ntire !olitburo o) 43echosloa/ia resigns.5= Dece&+er $omanian dictator 6icolae 4eausescu orders a bloody crac/down on !rotesters inimisoara. &orders are closed. 4eausescu addresses crowds in &ucharest )our days later and isstunned to be greeted by boos.66 Dece&+er $omanian army changes sides.6C Dece&+er 4eausescu and his wi)e, lena, are executed by )iring s9uad.X

Francis 1a&p+e

>M A&+assa!or to t%e >o" See

My than/s to the 4ommunity o) ant'gidio and the %rchdiocese o) 7ra/ow )or their /indinitation to discuss the )uture o) uro!e in this historic setting o) 7ra/ow. oday we see a erysmall !art o) months o) !re!aration, so on behal) o) you I would li/e at the outset to o))er our

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sincere than/s )or such a )orum. On a !ersonal note, it is !articularly nice to be bac/ in 7ra/ow as Istudied here in the early 1EE0s as an exchange student )rom the 4atholic -niersity o) Louain in&elgium.I) we were seated in this room twenty years ago on Q e!tember 1E8E, how would the world haeloo/ed to usY 5hat i) a s!ea/er had stood u! at this !articular !oint in the !roceedings and

!resented a )uture scenario beyond our then imaginationsY 5hat i) they had as/ed you to imagine areality in which the &erlin 5all was to )all in the )ollowing months or the 4old 5ar to end in a )ewyearsY (ow would we hae heard such claims on Q e!tember 1E8EY I) we are honest " !robablywith a good deal o) sce!ticism.&ut yet this is what has come to !ass. &ac/ in 1E8E, we couldn't hae conceied o) such a world

because many o) us had )orgotten a reality without diisions. 5e had settled into )ramewor/s o)li)e that seemed !ermanent and immutable. #or my generation, such diisions had become normal

" our reality. oday, historical memory can o)ten deceie us into thin/ing retros!ectiely, thin/ingthat change was always ineitable, but our reality bac/ in Fuly 1E8E, was not really !re!ared )or aday when the 4old 5ar would be no more.I do not raise the eents o) 1E8E and subse9uent years merely )or historical reasons, but to as/ what

these eents hae taught us here in uro!e. I beliee that they hae taught us that des!ite the mostchallenging circumstances that !hrase o) (eraclitus still rings out JPanta 1eK " JerythingchangesK. his obseration o) the )luid nature o) eeryday reality became the basis )or dee!erintellectual in9uiry> and that became the )oundation o) all !hiloso!hy. he eents o) 1E8E haetaught us to 9uestion un9uestionable assum!tions> they hae taught us to be courageous, to ta/eris/s and to do so with coniction.%s we loo/ out today, twenty years a)ter 1E8E, what do we seeY 5hat unchangeable reality is

!resented to usY Perha!s we see a world with a di))icult economic climate. Perha!s we see a worldwhere irtue is retreating )rom our !ublic s9uare. %nd !erha!s we )eel that all this is ineitable andthat our lies will be ones where we will be bu))eted around by )orces beyond our control. rue, we)ace an economic situation that is challenging, but such challenges are not without !recedent in ourhistory.oday's challenges are di))erent. :es, the winds o) change " !olitical, economic, ideological " are

blowing in the world as strongly as they hae )or generations. In di!lomacy we are being )orced toconsider the roots o) our culture and society more !ro)oundly than !erha!s at any time in the !astcentury. 5e are being challenged to loo/ )or a more secure )oundation than the old certainties now

!roide. &ut we hae been here be)ore many times in our history. %s we surey the challenges that)ace us, we ga3e out on a similar terrain to that o) t %ugustine in the )ourth century when he was)orced to reassess eerything that he thought !olitically unchangeable, in the light o) the colla!se o)an old global order. 5e gra!!le with the challenges o) history, their meaning )or us today, and their

!otentially terri)ying conse9uences. 6othing here is entirely new, but we are conscious o) the old

classical adageistoria est %agistra vitae

" Rhistory is the teacher o) li)eS.I would li/e to leae you with one thought !olitics is more than sim!ly Jthe art o) the !ossibleK.On 21 May o) this year, when Mrs hatcher isited the atican to meet Po!e &enedict ZI, shelaid a wreath on the tomb o) Po!e Fohn Paul II. (er sim!le handwritten inscri!tion on the wreathread Jo a man o) )aith and courageK. oday's uro!eans owe so much to the earlier generationso) uro!eans who showed such )aith and courage in oercoming the diisions o) the 20th century.(ow !oignant that we are here in 7ra/ow today to discuss uro!e's mission in the world.

$he final ay % $he last s&ream of the old regime

2Sara 3lier +as &orn in Leipzig t+o %inutes &e4ore %idnigt on Octo&er "00!, te last cild to&e &orn in te 561, +ic ceased to e7ist te 4ollo+ing da* +en (ast and 8est 5er%an* +ere

reunited9

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I was /nown as the =last scream= o) the D$ when I )irst came into the world on 2 October 1EE0. %!hotogra!her was in the hos!ital at the time to ca!ture the )irst =unity baby=. hat could hae beenme, but I was clearly in a hurry. he midwi)e said to the !hotogra!her


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with a truly ubilant )inale. hat is something to thin/ about as this decade draws to a close, and thechance )or humanity to ta/e another momentous lea! )orward a!!ears to be sli!!ing away.he road to the end o) the 4old 5ar was certainly not easy, or uniersally welcomed at the time,

but it is )or ust this reason that its lessons remain releant. In the 1E80s the world was at an historiccrossroad. he arms race had created an ex!losie situation. 6uclear deterrents could hae )ailed at

any moment. 5e were heading )or disaster, s!ending billions on an arms race, rather than inestingin creatiity and !eo!le.oday another !lanetary threat has emerged. he climate crisis is the new wall that diides us )romour )uture, and today's leaders are astly underestimating the urgency, and !otentially catastro!hicscale, o) the emergency.Peo!le used to o/e that we will struggle )or !eace until there is nothing le)t on the !lanet> the threato) climate change ma/es this !ro!hecy more literal than eer. 4om!arisons with the !eriodimmediately be)ore the &erlin 5all came down are stri/ing.Li/e 20 years ago, we )ace a threat to global security and our ery )uture existence that no onenation can deal with alone. %nd, again, it is the !eo!le who are calling )or change. Fust as theerman !eo!le declared their will )or unity, world citi3ens are today demanding that action is ta/en

to tac/le climate change and redress the dee! inustices that surround it. wenty years ago /eyworld leaders demonstrated resole, )aced u! to o!!osition and immense !ressure, and the 5allcame down. It remains to be seen whether today's leaders will do the same.%ddressing climate change demands a !aradigm shi)t on a scale a/in to that re9uired to end the4old 5ar. &ut we need a Jcircuit*brea/erK to esca!e )rom the business*as*usual that currentlydominates the !olitical agenda. It was the trans)ormation brought about by !erestroi/a and glasnostthat !roided the 9uantum lea! )or )reedom )or the oiet -nion and astern uro!e, and o!enedthe way )or the democratic reolution that saed history. 4limate change is com!lex and closelyentwined with a host o) other challenges, but a similar brea/through in our alues and !riorities isneeded.here is not ust one wall to to!!le, but many. here is the wall between those states which arealready industrialised, and those deelo!ing countries which do not want to be held bac/. here isthe wall between those who cause climate change, and those who su))er the conse9uences. here isthe wall between those who heed the scienti)ic eidence, and those who !ander to ested interests.%nd there is the wall between the citi3ens who are changing their own behaiour and want strongglobal action, and the leaders who are so )ar letting them down.In 1E8E, incredible changes that were deemed im!ossible ust a )ew years earlier were im!lemented.&ut this was no accident. he changes resonated the ho!es o) the time and leaders res!onded. 5e

brought down the wall in the belie) that )uture generations would be able to sole challengestogether. oday, loo/ing at the caernous gul) between rich and !oor, the irres!onsibility thatcaused the global )inancial crisis, and the wea/ and diided res!onses to climate change, I )eel

bitter. he o!!ortunity to build a sa)er, )airer and more united world has been largely s9uandered.o echo the demand made o) me by my late )riend and s!arring !artner President $eagan MrObama, Mr (u, Mr ingh, Mr &rown and, bac/ in &erlin, Ms Mer/el and her uro!eancounter!arts Jear down this wallK#or this is :our 5all, your de)ining moment. :ou cannot dodge the call o) history. I a!!eal toheads o) state and goernment to !ersonally come to the climate change con)erence in 4o!enhagenthis December and dismantle the wall. he !eo!le o) the world ex!ect you to delier> do not )ailthem.

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