D.BRUCIAFREDDO -Concept Design e Progettazione Di Una Torre a S.paolo

7/24/2019 D.BRUCIAFREDDO -Concept Design e Progettazione Di Una Torre a S.paolo

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www.hnbkadrufncgrbhha.fao

Cmy qubstnam ham't lbsntctb ta famtcft ob! Bm`ay rbchnmk!


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ZAINXBFMNFA HN ONICMA

Vfuaic Ocstbr Grctbiin Zbsbmtn

Ocstbr umnvbrsntcrna hn sbfamha invbiia nm

Zrakbttcznamb hbiib strutturb nm fcifbstruzza crocta

FAMFBZX HBVNKM B ZTAKBXXCPNAMB HN RMC XATTB

C VCM ZCAIA - DTCVNIB

Tbictarb0 Zrag. Nmk. Cidbrta Grcmfln

Farrbictarn0 Nmk. Grcmfbsfa Narna

Nmk. Hnbka Drufncgrbhha

Xbsn hn Ocstbr hn0

Iufc Ocmzamn octr.


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N

Nmhnfb

Nmtrahuznamb ....................................................................................................... W

Cdstrcft ............................................................................................................. WN

3 Akkbtta hn stuhna ......................................................................................... 3

3.3 Hbsfrnznamb hbiibhngnfna ............................................................................... 3

4 Cmcinsn finoctnfc ........................................................................................... 2

4.3 Obtaha hbttckincta pbr ic vciutcznamb hbiic vbiafnt hn rngbrnobmta .................. 24.3.3 Cfqunsnznamb hbiic dcsb hctn (vbiafnt obhnc b hnrbznamb hbi vbmta) .. 24.3.4 Famhnznamn hn rngbrnobmta ...............................................................


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NN

8.3.6 Fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb ...............................................................8;8.3.8 Zrbssnamb bsbrfntctc hci vbmta ......................................................28

8.4 Cznamb snsonfc ..........................................................................................788.4.3 Zbrnfaiasnt snsonfc .....................................................................728.4.4 Vpbttra hn rnspastc bicstnfa ...........................................................7;8.4.6 Gcttarb hn strutturc ......................................................................7>8.4.8 Vpbttra hn prakbtta ......................................................................;38.4.2 Cmcinsn stctnfc inmbcrb ...................................................................;6

8.6 Cmcinsn hbn fcrnfln ......................................................................................;28.6.3 Zbsa praprna strutturcib (K3) ........................................................;28.6.4 Zbsa praprna mam strutturcib (K4) .................................................;28.6.6 Wcrncdnin (S) ................................................................................;2

8.8 Faodnmcznamn hbiib cznamn ...........................................................................;7

2 Octbrncin strutturcin .................................................................................... ;>

2.3 Fcifbstruzza .............................................................................................;>

2.4 Cffncna pbr fcifbstruzza crocta .................................................................;>

2.6 Cffncna pbr strutturb obtciinflb ..................................................................;>

7 Cznamn nmtbrmb b vbrngnflb ...........................................................................


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NNN

7.8.2 Wbrngnfc c Zrbssa-gibssnamb (VIR) ................................................ 337.2.4 Cznamn nmtbrmb ........................................................................... 3637.2.6 Wbrngnfc hn Nmstcdnint (VIR) ........................................................ 3647.2.8 Wbrngnfc c Gibssnamb b Xckina (VIR) ............................................. 3667.2.2 Wbrngnfc hbkin Vpastcobmtn (VIB) ................................................ 367

; Maroctnvc hn rngbrnobmta ......................................................................... 36;

> Ciibkctn ..................................................................................................... 383


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NW


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W

Nmtrahuznamb

Ni prbsbmtb hafuobmta lc faob prnocrna adnbttnva qubiia hn hbsfrnvbrb ib gcsn

prnmfnpcin hbiic prakbttcznamb strutturcib hn umc tarrb c Vcm Zcaia, Drcsnib.Ibhngnfna akkbtta hn stuhna, fcrcttbrnzzcta hc umc strutturc partcmtb nm

fcifbstruzza crocta, lc umc sbznamb nm pncmtc prbssafl rbttcmkaicrb hn

hnobmsnamn ocssnob pcrn 37.4 b 4:.< obtrn, sn bibvc pbr 8: obtrn hci pncma

fcopckmc bh faopasta hc 3: pncmn guarn tbrrc b hc 4 pncmn nmtbrrctn chndntn

ch cutarnobssc.

Rma hbkin cspbttn su fun sn prbstctc pcrtnfaicrb cttbmznamb stcta qubiia

rbictnva ciic vciutcznamb hbiib cznamn b hbkin bggbttn hbi vbmta suiic fastruznamb,

nm qucmta, mbi fcsa nm bscob, pn rbstrnttnvn rnspbtta c qubiin havutn ci snsoc.C tci sfapa stctc famhattc umc cffurctc b cppragamhntc cmcinsn cttc ciic

hbtbronmcznamb hbiic vbiafnt hbi vbmta hn prakbtta cttrcvbrsa um obtaha

nmkbkmbrnstnfa hbhatta hc ibttbrcturc spbfncinstnfc nmtbrmcznamcib.

Ni obtaha chattcta crtnfaicta nm umc sbrnb hn gcsn sbqubmzncin trc fun

icfqunsnznamb, ni famtraiia b ic farrbznamb hbiib onsurb hbiic vbiafnt obhnc b

hbiic hnrbznamb hbi vbmta rnibvctb hciic stcznamb cmboaobtrnfc cmcinzzctc, ic

trcsgarocznamb hbn hctn onsurctn nm vciarn fabrbmtn fam ic hbgnmnznamb hn vbiafnt

hn rngbrnobmta hbi vbmta trcontb uma stuhna spbfngnfa hbiic rukasnt hbi tbrrbmab nmgnmb icmcinsn pradcdninstnfc hbn hctn trcsgaroctn pbr ic suffbssnvc

hbtbronmcznamb hbiic vbiafnt hn prakbtta.

Hbtbronmctb ib cznamn suiic fastruznamb havutb ciic prbssnamb hbi vbmta,

rnfcvctb trcontb umcmcinsn hbttckinctc hbn rbictnvn fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb,

stcta bggbttucta um famgramta fam ib cznamn snsonflb hn prakbtta ci gnmb hn

vciutcrb ni vciarb ocssnoa hbiib cznamn saiibfntcmtn hn fcifaia su fun dcscrb ib

rbictnvb vbrngnflb strutturcin.

Nmgnmb sama stctb famhattb ib mbfbsscrnb vbrngnflb, snc ckin Vtctn Inontb Ritnon

(VIR) flb ckin Vtctn Inontb hn Bsbrfnzna (VIB), hbn prnmfnpcin bibobmtn

strutturcin, qucin ni saicna c pncstrc nm fcifbstruzza crocta, ic faiammc

faopastc hn cffncna-fcifbstruzza, ib pcrbtn bstbsb hbdaiobmtb croctb,

fastntubmtn kin bibobmtn rbsnstbmtn prnmfnpcin ciib cznamn arnzzamtcin b nmgnmb n

oamtcmtn b n trcvbrsn fastntubmtn ic strutturc partcmtb nm cffncna hbiic gcffnctc

vbtrctc.


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WN

Cdstrcft

Xlb ocnm cno ag tlns pcpbr ns ta hbsfrndb tlb bssbmtnci stbps ag tlb strufturci

hbsnkm ag c tawbr sntuctbh nm Va Zcuia, Drczni.Xlb dunihnmk, flcrcftbrnzbh dy c rbnmgarfbh famfrbtb strufturb, lcs c

rbftcmkuicr picm sbftnam ag cdaut 37.4 x 4:.< obtbrs, rnsbs 8: obtbrs grao

kraumh ibvbi cmh famsnsts ag 3: giaars cdavb kraumh cmh 4 umhbrkraumh giaars

usbh cs kcrckb.

C spbfnci cttbmtnam lcs dbbm pcnh cdaut tlb bvciuctnam ag tlb wnmh cftnams cmh

wnmh bggbfts am tlb dunihnmk, dbfcusb tlb cmciysns lcs slawm tlct tlby crb

oarb rbstrnftnvb tlcm sbnsonf ambs.

Gar tlns rbcsam, c fcrbgui cmh hbtcnibh cmciysns wcs famhuftbh ta db cdib tahbtbronmb tlb hbsnkm wnmh spbbh tlraukl cm bmknmbbrnmk obtlah hbrnvbh

grao nmtbrmctnamci spbfncinzbh intbrcturb.

Xlb chaptbh obtlah ns crtnfuictbh nmta c sbrnbs ag sbqubmtnci stbps nmfiuhnmk0

tlb cfqunsntnam, famtrai cmh farrbftnam ag tlb finoctb hctc cdaut cvbrckb

spbbh cmh wnmh hnrbftnam obcsurbh dy tlb cmciyzbh cmboaobtbr stctnam5

tlb trcmsgaroctnam ag tlb obcsurbh hctc tlraukl c spbfngnf stuhy cdaut tlb

tbrrcnm rauklmbss nm famsnstbmt vciubs ag tlb rbgbrbmfb wnmh spbbh5

tlb pradcdninstnf cmciysns cdaut tlb trcmsgarobh hctc nm arhbr ta hbtbronmctbtlb hbsnkm wnmh spbbh.

Xlb wnmh prbssurb cftnams, adtcnmbh tlraukl c hbtcnibh cmciysns cdaut

prbssurb fabggnfnbmts, lcs dbbm faopcrbh ta tlb sbnsonf cftnams nm arhbr ta

bvciuctb tlb ocxnouo vciub am wlnfl ta dcsb tlb gurtlbr flbfes.

Ct icst dut mat ibcst, tlb rbqunrbh strufturci flbfes lcvb dbbm fcrrnbh aut, gar

tlb Ritnoctb Inont Vtctbs (RIV) cmh tlb Vbrvnfbcdninty Inont Vtctbs (VIV),

cdaut tlb ocnm strufturci bibobmts sufl cs rbnmgarfbh famfrbtb gict sicd,

faopasbh stbbi-famfrbtb faiuom, icrkb inkltiy rbnmgarfbh wciis, rbprbsbmtnmk

tlb ocnm rbsnstcmt bibobmts ta larnzamtci cftnams, cmh kicss gcchbs stbbi

strufturb bibobmts.


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3. Akkbtta hn stuhna

3

3 Akkbtta hn stuhna

3.3 Hbsfrnznamb hbiibhngnfnaIbhngnfna akkbtta hn stuhna fcrcttbrnzzcta hc umc sbznamb nm pncmtc prbssafl

rbttcmkaicrb hn hnobmsnamn ocssnob pcrn 37.4 b 4:.< obtrn, sn bibvc pbr 8:

obtrn hci pncma fcopckmc bh faopasta hc 3: pncmn guarn tbrrc, hn fun

iuitnoa chndnta c slawraao bstbrma fcrcttbrnzzcta hciibssbrb c fnbia cpbrta, b

hc 4 pncmn nmtbrrctn chndntn ch cutarnobssc.

Gnkurc 3.3 Wnstc Vuh-Avbst hbiibhngnfna akkbtta hn stuhna

Ibhngnfna fastntunta hc umc strutturc nm fcifbstruzza crocta faopastc hc trb

bstbsb pcrbtn flb sn svniuppcma iumka ni pbrnobtra hbiibhngnfna ch bsfiusnamb hbi

icta flb sn cggcffnc c Avbst, um vcma sfcic, faiammb faopastb nm cffncna-

fcifbstruzza b saicn c pncstrc. Vui icta Avbst hbiibhngnfna, b pcrznciobmtb cmflb

sun ictn Marh b Vuh, sn bibvc umc bstbsc gcffnctc vbtrctc sarrbttc hc umc


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3.3 Hbsfrnznamb hbiibhngnfna

4

strutturc nm cffncna fcrcttbrnzzctc hc trcvbrsn b oamtcmtn ni fun faopartcobmta

strutturcib vbrr hnsfussa nm sbkunta.

Hn sbkunta sn rnpartc umc sbznamb trcsvbrscib hbiibhngnfna flb oastrc ib

fcrcttbrnstnflb prnmfnpcin saprc hbsfrnttb.

Gnkurc 3.4 Vbznamb trcsvbrscib hbiibhngnfna


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3. Akkbtta hn stuhna

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Nmgnmb sn sattainmbc flb ibhngnfna akkbtta hn stuhna sarkb c Fcopnmcs, fntt

drcsnincmc sntuctc mbii'crbc nmtbrmc hbiia Vtcta hn Vcm Zcaia. Ic fntt, flb sn

bstbmhb su umc supbrgnfnb hn fnrfc ;>2.; eo4, famstc hn umc papaicznamb hn

3 :>> cdntcmtn, famfbmtrctn ci >


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4. Cmcinsn finoctnfc

2

4 Cmcinsn finoctnfc

4.3 Obtaha hbttckincta pbr ic vciutcznamb hbiic vbiafnthn rngbrnobmta

Icppraffna chattcta pbr ic vciutcznamb hbiic vbiafnt hn rngbrnobmta pbr ni snta

hn prakbtta stcta hbhatta hciib nmhnfcznamn garmntb mbiiCppbmhnfb D hbiic

FMT-HX4:;/4::< Nstruznamn pbr ic vciutcznamb hbiib cznamn b hbkin bggbttn hbi

vbmta suiib fastruznamn flb hbgnmnsfb icppinfcznamb hn um obtaha crtnfaicta nm

trb gcsn sbqubmzncin0

- cfqunsnznamb, famtraiia b farrbznamb hn onsurb hbiic vbiafnt obhnc b

hbiic hnrbznamb hbi vbmta, rcpprbsbmtctnvb hbi snta avb sarkb icfastruznamb5

- trcsgarocznamb hbn hctn onsurctn nm vciarn fabrbmtn fam ic hbgnmnznamb hn

vbiafnt hn rngbrnobmta hbi vbmta5

- cmcinsn pradcdninstnfc hbn hctn trcsgaroctn.

Ni obtaha sukkbrnta hciic FMT-HX4:; stcta svniuppcta nopibobmtcmhamb n

pcssckkn dcscmhasn, faob nmhnfcta hciic stbssc maroc, su ibttbrcturc

spbfncinstnfc. Mbn pcrckrcgn suffbssnvn sn rnpartcma, nm oaha hbttckincta, nprnmfnpcin pcssckkn hbi obtaha chattcta.

4.3.3 Cfqunsnznamb hbiic dcsb hctn (vbiafnt obhnc b hnrbznamb hbi

vbmta)

Ic prnoc gcsb prbvbhb0

3. inmhnvnhucznamb hbiib stcznamn obtbaraiaknflb appartumcobmtb udnfctb

ci gnmb hn patbr bssbrb famsnhbrctb rcpprbsbmtctnvb hbi snta hn prakbtta54. icfqunsnznamb hbiib onsurb hbiic vbiafnt obhnc b hbiic hnrbznamb hbi

vbmta rbictnvb ch um pbrnaha hn cfqunsnznamb suggnfnbmtbobmtb iumka5

6. ni famtraiia b farrbznamb hbiic dcsb hctn pbr vbrngnfcrb flb n hctn

rbknstrctn sncma aoakbmbn b prnvn hn brrarn.

Substa pbrobttb hn attbmbrb umc dcsb hctn farrbttc flb pu bssbrb

famsnhbrctc rcpprbsbmtctnvc, cggnhcdnib bh aoakbmbc b flb qunmhn pu

bssbrb sattapastc ciib suffbssnvb cmcinsn pradcdninstnflb.


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4.3 Obtaha hbttckincta pbr ic vciutcznamb hbiic vbiafnt hn rngbrnobmta

7

4.3.3.3

Nmhnvnhucznamb hbiib stcznamn obtbaraiaknflb rcpprbsbmtctnvb

Faob hbgnmnta hciic FMT-HX4:;, umc stcznamb obtbaraiaknfc pu bssbrb

famsnhbrctc chbkuctcobmtb udnfctc sb vbmkama rnspbttctb ib sbkubmtn

famhnznamn0

- ic suc hnstcmzc hciic fastruznamb inontctc (mam aitrb 2:-3:: eo)5

- n rbknon hn vbmta prbssa ic stcznamb sama cmciakln c qubiin mbi snta hbiic

fastruznamb (ch bsbopna sb ni snta b ic stcznamb mam sncma sbpcrctn hc

fctbmb oamtuasb)5

- kin struobmtn sama nstciictn farrbttcobmtb (ch bsbopna sncma pastn c

umcitbzzc sui suaia mam nmgbrnarb c fnrfc 3: o, b mam sncma prassnon c

farpn flb pbrturdcma ni vbmta, faoprbsn qubiin sun qucin kin struobmtn

sama pastn).

Gnkurc 4.3 Nmstciicznamb hn struobmtn nm vnfnmcmzc hn farpn pbrturdctnvn (trcttc hc (3))

Gnkurc 4.4 Nmstciicznamb hn struobmtn nm famhnznamn arakrcgnflb faopibssb (trcttc hc (3))

4.3.3.4Vfbitc hbi pbrnaha hn cfqunsnznamb hbiib onsurcznamn

Ic sfbitc hbi pbrnaha hn cfqunsnznamb hbiib rbknstrcznamn nmgiubmzctc hc umc

sbrnb hn pcrcobtrn qucin, prnmfnpciobmtb, ni pbrnaha hn rntarma nm farrnspamhbmzc

hbi qucib sn vuaib vciutcrb ic vbiafnt hn rngbrnobmta b ni obtaha pradcdninstnfa

cppinfcta pbr icmcinsn.


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;

Cggnmfl ib cmcinsn svaitb garmnsfcma rnsuitctn cttbmhndnin mbfbsscrna utninzzcrb

dcmflb hctn fastntuntb hc rbknstrcznamn rbictnvb ch um muobra hn cmmn ockknarb

hn 3/2 hbi pbrnaha hn rntarma hn prakbtta b faoumqub ciobma ockknarb hn 2

cmmn.

4.3.3.6Famtraiia b farrbznamb hbiic dcsb hctn

Ic dcsb hctn nmnzncib, pur bssbmha famsnhbrctc rcpprbsbmtctnvc hcta flb stctc

attbmutc obhncmtb um farrbtta prafbhnobmta hn sfbitc, hbvb bssbrb sattapastc

ch um prafbssa hn famtraiia b farrbznamb nm qucmta pu famtbmbrb hctn

patbmznciobmtb brrctn havutn prnmfnpciobmtb cn sbkubmtn gcttarn0

- ocigumznamcobmta struobmtcib5

- onsurb bstbrmb ciinmtbrvciia hn ibtturc qucin fciob hn vbmta (vciarn muiin

passama farrnspamhbrb ch cssbmzc hn onsurcznamb) b gbmaobmn bainfn hn

bffbznamcib nmtbmsnt (pbrturdcznamn a tboparcin hn drbvb hurctc)5

- bvbmtn bstrcmbn ci pradiboc trcttcta qucin cttbrrckkna a hbfaiia hn

vbnfain5

- pbrhntc hn hctn pbr crrbsta struobmtcib havuta c bvbmtn mcturcin a

nmtbrvbmtn hn apbrctarn5

- brrarn hn rbknstrcznamb hbn hctn qucin hctn gnsnfcobmtb brrctn (vbiafnt

mbkctnvb) a hnrbznamn guarn hciinmtbrvciia hn onsurc.

Ic gcsb hn famtraiia, farrbznamb a binonmcznamb hbn hctn brrctn mbfbsscrnc pbr

attbmbrb umc dcsb hctn aoakbmbc (fam vciarn obhn suiia stbssa nmtbrvciia

tboparcib) b farrbttc (prnvc hn brrarn snstboctnfn a fcsucin) b hbvb qunmhn

bssbrb dcsctc su prafbhnobmtn cggnhcdnin b chbkuctcobmtb knustngnfctn. Ni

obtaha chattcta c tcib sfapa sn crtnfaic nm hub gcsn prnmfnpcin0- nmhnvnhucznamb hbn vciarn patbmznciobmtb sdckinctn0 ic dcsb hctn

nmnzncib vnbmb sattapastc ch um famtraiia prbinonmcrb pbr bvnhbmzncrb bh

bstrcrrb n hctn patbmznciobmtb brrctn5

- vcinhcznambhbn vciarn patbmznciobmtb sdckinctn0 n hctn vbmkama pastn c

famgramta fam qubiin noobhnctcobmtb cmtbrnarn b pastbrnarn b fam ib

vbiafnt obhnb b hn pnffa rbknstrctb mbi obhbsnoa pbrnaha, sama cssumtn

farrbttn n hctn aoakbmbn fam tcin onsurb b brrctn b qunmhn binonmctn qubiin

hnsaoakbmbn.


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Ic pradcdnint flb ni vbmta pravbmkc hci `-bsnoa sbttarb hctc hciic garouic0

()? () = :5 ? 3, , havb ic vcrncdnib hn stcta hn b rcpprbsbmtc ic pradcdnint, famhnznamctcc = :, flb ni vbmta pravbmkc hci `-bsnoa sbttarb bh pbrfn vnmfaictc hciicrbicznamb ? 3 5 nmgnmb () ic gumznamb hn hbmsnt hbiic vbiafnt obhnchbi vbmta pravbmnbmtb hci `-bsnoa sbttarb, flb rnsuitc bsprbssc mbiic garoc

prapastc hc [bnduii faob (6)0

?

= :5 ? 3, , havb b sama n pcrcobtrn, rnspbttnvcobmtb, hn garoc b hn sfcic hbi oahbiia.Vn famsnhbrcma inontctcobmtb cggnhcdnin ib hnstrnduznamn fcifaictb suiic dcsb hn

um muobra hn vciarn onmarb hbii'3% hbi muobra hn vciarn mam muiinhnspamndnin.

Vatta qubstc famhnznamb, ic gumznamb hn hbmsnt () b ic gumznamb hnhnstrnduznamb () hbiic papaicznamb hbn hctn sama garmntb, rnspbttnvcobmtb,hciib bsprbssnamn0

()? ()+ () :

()? 3

:

mbiib qucin ic hnstrnduznamb hn Hnrcf b ic pradcdnint hn vbiafnt muiic,vnmfaictc pbrfn ciic rbicznamb ? (3 ).Nm citbrmctnvc ciib bqucznamn prbfbhbmtn, ic gumznamb hn hbmsnt b ic gumznamb hn

hnstrnduznamb passama bssbrb bsprbssb nm garoc chnrbznamcib obhncmtb ibgarouib0

()? ()+ :

()? 3 :mbiib qucin b sama n pcrcobtrn hbiic hnstrnduznamb hn [bnduii hbiic dcsb hctnkiadcib b ? 3 .


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3:

4.3.6.4

Cmcinsn pradcdninstnfc hbi ocssnoa cmmucib

Mbiia stuhna hbiib dcsn hctn cmboaiaknflb icmcinsn hbiic hnstrnduznamb hn

pradcdnint hbn vciarn bstrbon rnvbstb um ruaia nopartcmtb, spbfnciobmtb pbrfl

pbrobttb hn bggbttucrb umcmcinsn hbn rnsfln farrbictn cn vbmtn nmtbmsn b hn

stcdninrb n pbrnahn obhn hn rntarma hn tcin gbmaobmn. Xcib stuhna marociobmtb

rngbrnta ciic hnstrnduznamb hbi ocssnoa vciarb cmmucib hbiic vbiafnt.

Hnvbrsn oahbiin sama stctn prapastn (8), qucin ib hnstrnduznamn csnmtatnflb hn N, NN

b NNN tnpa (2), icmcinsn hn prafbssa (7) a ic hnstrnduznamb hn Zcrbta (;).

Tnfarhcmha flb ic BVHR


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33

Cmcinsn hn prafbssa

Icmcinsn hn prafbssa cssuob ni vbmta faob um prafbssa stcznamcrna b

stafcstnfa (>), ic gumznamb hn hnstrnduznamb hbi ocssnoa hctc hciic garouic

(


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4.4 Tcpprbsbmtcznamb octboctnfc hbiic vbiafnt hbi vbmta

34

ctoasgbrnfa icrnc rnsbmtb hbiic garzc hcttrnta bsbrfntctc hci suaia,

appastc ciic vbiafnt hbi vbmta W, tcib garzc muiic ciicitbzzc hbi

krchnbmtb b cuobmtc nm hnrbznamb hbi suaia fcuscmha umc rnhuznamb

hbiic vbiafnt.

Gnkurc 4.6 Zragnia hbiic vbiafnt obhnc hbi vbmta b turdaibmzc ctoasgbrnfc (trcttc hc (3:))

4.4.3.3

Nmhnfcznamn FMT

Ic vbiafnt obhnc hbi vbmta , su um nmtbrvciia hn tbopa X?3: onmutn,hnpbmhb hciicitbzzc z sui suaia, hciic vbmtasnt hbiic zamc nm bscob, hcipbrnaha hn rntarma hn prakbtta b hciib fcrcttbrnstnflb iafcin hbi snta avb sarkb ic

fastruznamb.

Ic vbiafnt obhnc hbi vbmta garmntc, pbr citbzzb ci suaia mam ockknarn hn

z?4::o, hciic rbicznamb sbkubmtb0

()? ()havb

ic vbiafnt hn rngbrnobmta hn prakbtta5

ni fabggnfnbmtb hn pragnia obhna hbi vbmta garmnta hciic rbicznamb0)? ) )? )

havb , , sama, rnspbttnvcobmtb, ni gcttarb hn tbrrbma, ic iumklbzzc hn rukasntb icitbzzc onmnoc nm gumznamb hbiic fctbkarnc hn bspasnznamb hbi snta5


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ni fabggnfnbmtb hn tapakrcgnc nm gumznamb hbiib fcrcttbrnstnflb tapakrcgnflb barakrcgnflb hbi snta.

Ic gnkurc sbkubmtb oastrc n hnckrcoon hn

) pbr ib hnvbrsb fctbkarnb hn

bspasnznamb, mbi fcsa )? 3.

Xcdbiic bstrcttc hc FMT-HX 4:;

4.4.3.4

Nmhnfcznamn BVHRNi pragnia iakcrntonfa chattcta hc BVHR, rnspbtta c qubiia chattcta hc FMT, lc

faob prnmfnpcib vcmtckkna qubiia hn coobttbrb ic passndnint hn cvbrb umc

vcrncznamb hbiic rukasnt iumka ia svniuppa hbi sbttarb hn trcvbrsnc rnspbtta ci

qucib sn famsnhbrc spnrcmtb ni vbmta.

Zbr ic hbtbronmcznamb hbiic vbiafnt obhnc arcrnc hbi vbmta nmfarrnspamhbmzc hn umc a pn vcrncznamn hbiic iumklbzzc hn rukasnt iumka nipbrfarsa hbi vbmta nm um hcta sbttarb hn hnrbznamb, sn utninzzcta ni oahbiia hn

Hcbvbs b Lcrrns hbi Ctoasplbrnf daumhcry icybr, faob hbgnmnta mbiic BVHR


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Famsnhbrcmha ni fcsa bsbopingnfctnva nm fun iumka ni pbrfarsa hbi vbmta vn snc

umc snmkaic vcrncznamb hbiic rukasnt, sn lc flb nm farrnspamhbmzc hn tcib

vcrncznamb sn svniuppc um muava strcta nmtbrma (nmtbrmci icybr) nm fun ic vbiafnt

hbi vbmta hnpbmhb hc x bh pcrn c ? . Vaprc qubsta strcta sn pusupparrb flb ic vbiafnt hbi vbmta snc nmhnpbmhbmtb hc x b rnsuitn bssbrb pcrn c

, vciarb (ciic stbssc citbzzc) cppbmc saprcvbmta hbi fcodna hn rukasnt. Chcitbzzb nmtbrobhnb vn umc trcmsnznamb hbiic vbiafnt hbi vbmta trc b ,tuttcvnc sn pu supparrb flb ni pragnia hn vbiafnt hbi vbmta snc fastntunta hc um

sbkobmta nmgbrnarb havb ic vbiafnt hbi vbmta hctc hc ? b um trcttasupbrnarb havb ? . N hub sbkobmtn sn nmtbrsbfcma i'citbzzc nm fun

? .

vbiafnt obhnc arcrnc hbi vbmta c quatc z sui snta nm qubstnamb famvcrncznamb hn rukasnt hbi tbrrbma c hnstcmzc x saprcvbmta hci snta0

? vbiafnt obhnc arcrnc hbi vbmta c quatc z sui snta nm qubstnamb cssuobmha

flb ic rukasnt hbi tbrrbma sn bstbmhc umngarobobmtb saprcvbmta pbr

ciobma 3:: eo (fna mbiib famhnznamn hn bqunindrnuo daumhcry icybr)0

? vbiafnt hn cttrnta (a hn tckina)0

? gcttarb hn rukasnt hbi tbrrbma rbictnva ciic vbiafnt hbi vbmta nm sntn

fcrcttbrnzzctn hc tbrrbmn fam hnvbrsc rukasnt0

? ?(3: )(3: ) gcttarb hn citbzzc flb rcpprbsbmtc ibggbtta hn z su 0

? ? 4.2 +68.2/gcttarb hn farrbznamb hbiic vbiafnt pbr bggbtta hbiic vcrncznamb hn rukasnt c

umc hnstcmzc x saprcvbmta hbi snta nm qubstnamb5


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gcttarb hn hnrbznamcint flb hc umc hnstrnduznamb sbttarncib hbiic vbiafntbstrboc hbi vbmta ci snta npatnzzcmha flb tbrrbma snc umngarob nm tuttb ib

hnrbznamn5

gcttarb flb rcpprbsbmtc kin bggbttn tapakrcgnfn suiic vbiafnt hbi vbmta.

4.4.4 Wciutcznamb hbiic rukasnt hbi tbrrbma

4.4.4.3Nmhnfcznamn FMT

Ic rukasnt sbfamha FMT sn attnbmb obhncmtb umc tcdbiic flb nm gumznamb hbiic

pasnznamb kbakrcgnfc hbi snta b hbiic ficssb hn rukasnt hbi tbrrbma hbgnmnsfb

tcib pcrcobtra.

Xcdbiib bstrcttb hc FMT-HX 4:;


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4.4.4.4

Nmhnfcznamn BVHR

Ic trcsgarocznamb hbn hctn onsurctn mbiib famhnznamn hn rngbrnobmta b ic

suffbssnvc vciutcznamb hbiic vbiafnt mbi snta hn prakbtta prbsuppamkama

icmcinsn hbttckinctc hbiic rukasnt hbi tbrrbma (z:, z:3, z:4, bff) b ib

farrnspamhbmtn iumklbzzb hn pbrfarsa (x, x3, x4, bff) saprcvbmta hbi snta nm

bscob, famsnhbrcmha cmflb ic passndnib prbsbmzc hn vcrncznamn ictbrcin hn

rukasnt hbi tbrrbma.

Vn rnpartc hn sbkunta ic tcdbiic trcttc hciic BVHR :3::< (34) famtbmbmtb n vciarn

hciic rukasnt pbr ib prnmfnpcin fctbkarnb hn tbrrbma.


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3;

Wciarn tnpnfn hbi pcrcobtra hn rukasnt hbi tbrrbma, z:

Gcfbmha rngbrnobmta c qucmta nmhnfcta mbiic BVHR :3::< b ciic gnkurc rnpartctc

hn sbkunta, ib vcrncznamn ictbrcin hn rukasnt (z:c, z:d b z:f) passama bssbrb

vciutctb famsnhbrcmha umc rukasnt bggnfcfb stnoctc fcifaicmha ic obhnchbiib saiibfntcznamn nmhnvnhucin c tckina kbmbrctb c tbrrc hc fncsfumc fctbkarnc hnrukasnt b qunmhn fcifaicmha ni vciarb hn flb kbmbrbrbddb ic stbssctbmsnamb obhnc c tckina.

? + + + ? havb , ,sama grcznamn hbiicrbc tatcib, ic hbmsnt hbiicrnc b nivciarb bggnfcfb hbiic vbiafnt hn tckina

Gnkurc 4.2 Wcrncznamb ictbrcib hn rukasnt hbi tbrrbma (trcttc hc (34))

X^ZNFCI WCIRBV :G XLB XBTTCNM TARKLMBVV ZCTCOBXBT, z:

DRNIX-RZ CTBCV Fbmtrbs ag icrkb tawms

cmh fntnbs0

Fbmtrbs ag socii tawms0 Vudurds, vni ickbs0 Cnrparts5 rumwcy crbc0

z: (o) ? :.; :.2 :.6 :.:6

[AAHBH ICMH Garbsts, icrkb waahbh

crbcs0

[aahbh faumtrysnhb0

z: (o) ? 3 :.2

GCTOICMH Ocmy trbbs, lbhkbs, gbw

dunihnmks0

Ocmy lbhkbs, saob

trbbs0

Lbhkbs, gbw trbbs0 Apbm faumtry wntl

nsaictbh trbbs0

z: (o) ? :.4 ta :.6 :.:< :.:2 - :.:3 :.:6

KTCVV Iamk krcss, fraps0 Rmfut krcss0 Krcss picnms, studdib (ma

trbbs ar lbhkbs)0

Fut krcss (96 fo)0

z: (o) ? :.:2 :.:4 :.:3 :.::7

VMA[ VRTGCFB Vmaw-favbrbh apbm

faumtry0

Vmaw-favbrbh picnms (ma

trbbs ar lbhkbs)0

z: (o) ? :.::7 :.:::3

HBVBTX Gict hbsbrt0

z: (o) ? :.::2

NFB Zcfe nfb0 Crftnf sbc nfb0 Vbc nfb wntl wnmh maroci

ta smaw rnhkbs0

Vbc nfb wntl wnmh

pcrciibi ta smaw rnhkbs0z: (o) ? :.:6 :.::2 :.::6 :.:::6

GICX NFB, ORH GICXV

z: (o) ? :.::::3


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4.6 Cmcinsn hbn hctn cmboaobtrnfn

3

Vn rnpartc hn sbkunta ic snmtbsn hbiib cmcinsn svaitb pbr tcib stcznamb b

suffbssnvcobmtb ib apbrcznamn bggbttuctb pbr attbmbrb ni pragnia hbiic vbiafnt

hbi vbmta cttbsc mbi snta hn rngbrnobmta.

4.6.3 Iafcinzzcznamb hbiic stcznamb obtbaraiaknfc

Ic stcznamb obtbaraiaknfc udnfctc nm prassnont hbii'cbraparta nmtbrmcznamcib

hn Wnrcfapas-Fcopnmcs, tbrza cbraparta pbr arhnmb hn nopartcmzc b trcmsntn trc

qubiin flb sbrvama Vcm Zcaia hbi Drcsnib, sntucta c sain 38 eo hci fbmtra hbiic

fntt hn Fcopnmcs.

Gnkurc 4.; Cmboaobtra hbiiCbraparta Wnrcfapas-Fcopnmcs (citntuhnmb 773 o sio)

RVCG NFCA NH Vtctnam mcob Faumtry Ict. Iamk. Bibv.


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4.6.4 Dcsb hctn nmnzncib

Ic grbqubmzc hn fcopnamcobmta hbiicmboaobtra hbiicbraparta hn Wnrcfapas

vcrnc hurcmtb ni pbrnaha hbi qucib sn hnspamkama n hctn (3>23-4:34).

N hctn sn rngbrnsfama ciic vbiafnt obhnc hbi vbmta sun hnbfn onmutn prbfbhbmtn ic

rbknstrcznamb b nmfiuhama vbiafnt obhnb rbknstrctb mbiic ockknar pcrtb hbn

fcsn akmn arc (a hapa 32 onm, 6: onm b 82 onm hapa iarc) b nm cifumn fcsn akmn

trb arb mbiib arb snmattnflb (::, :6, , 43).

Gnkurc 4.< Muobra hn fcopnamn 3>23-4:34

Ic sfbitc hbiic dcsb hctn hc utninzzcrb stctc bggbttuctc apbrcmha um famtbkkna

tatcib hbiib rbknstrcznamn suiicmma b famgramtcmha tcib vciarb fam qubiia flb sn

scrbddb havuta cvbrb sb bssb gassbra stctb rbknstrctb fam grbqubmzc fastcmtb

hn < rbknstrcznamn ci knarma (umc rbknstrcznamb akmn trb arb mbiib arb snmattnflb)

avvbra 48 rbknstrcznamn ci knarma (umc rbknstrcznamb akmn arc).

Zbr ib suffbssnvb cmcinsn sn sfbita hn utninzzcrb ni pbrnaha 3>;6-4:34 nm qucmta

sn hnspamb hn onsurcznamn prbssafl famtnmuctnvb b prbsbmtn nm muobra hn

ciobma < ci knarma b faoumqub tbmhbmtn c 48 onsurcznamn ci knarma.

Vama stctn faoumqub bggbttuctn tbst hn faopctndnint trc n rnsuitctn attbmutn ci

vcrncrb hbi pbrnaha hn rngbrnobmta pbr kin cmmn hn rbknstrcznamb pbr vciutcrb

icggnhcdnint b radustbzzc hbiic dcsb hctn attbmutc.

Ic gnkurc suffbssnvc rnpartc snmtbtnfcobmtb ni frntbrna chattcta.

Gnkurc 4.> Muobra hn fcopnamn 3>;6-4:34

:

3 :::

4 :::

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:::

:::

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34 :::

33

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3

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3

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34

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3

3

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3

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38

3

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4:::

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4::6

4::8

4::

4::

4::

4::

4::

4:3:

4:33

4:34

48 /

/

:

3 :::

4 :::

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3

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3

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3:

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34

36

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3

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3

3

3:

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34

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3

3

3

3

3

4:::

4::3

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4::6

4::8

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48 /

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Zbr ockknar flncrbzzc sn rnpartc hn sbkunta um bstrctta hbiic dcsb hctn

hnspamndnib fam umc snmtbtnfc spnbkcznamb hbn prnmfnpcin pcrcobtrn rbknstrctn.

Xcin hctn sama stctn garmntn hciibmtb spczncib MACC, cttnva mbi sbttarb hbn

prakrcoon pbr sctbiintn obtbaraiaknfn, flb sn affupc hbiia stuhna hbi finoc c

invbiia picmbtcrna b flb nm pcrtnfaicrb famstc hn um crflnvna fam n hctn

obtbaraiaknfn hbi pcsscta rbictnvn c muobrasb stcznamn obtbaraiaknflb prbsbmtn

mbi oamha (lttp0//www;.mfhf.macc.kav/FHA/fha).

[NMH KRVX

Vtctnam RVCG MFHF ^r Oa Hc Lr Om N Xypb Hnr S N Vph S Vph S

WNTCFAZAV >>>> 3>>< 3: 3> ; : 8 GO-32 32: 3 M 7.4 3 34.6 3

WNTCFAZAV >>>> 4::4 < 8 7 : 8 GO-32 >>> > F : 3 >>>.> >WNTCFAZAV >>>> 4::> 33 3 32 : 8 GO-32 >>> > W :.2 3 >>>.> >

HNT0 Cmkaia, onsurcta nm sbmsa arcrna, trc ni marh b ic hnrbznamb hc fun saggnc ni vbmta.>>>0 ocmfcmtb.Vb ni tnpa hn fahnfb N ? W, >>> nmhnfc flb ic hnrbznamb hbi vbmta vcrncdnib.

N0 Fahnfb flb hbmatc ni fcrcttbrb hbi vbmta.F0 FciocM0 MarocibW0 Wcrncdnib

VZH0 Wbiafnt hbi vbmta onsurctc nm o/sS0 Fahnfb flb hbmatc ic qucint hbiiassbrvcznamb rnpartctc

30 Zcssbh cii qucinty famtrai flbfes>0 Zcssbh krass inonts flbfe ng bibobmt ns prbsbmt

4.6.6 Famtraiia b farrbznamb hbiic dcsb hctn

Vuiib Dcsb hctn nmnzncib stcta bggbttucta um prafbssa hn famtraiia b farrbznamb

hctn pbr nmhnvnhucrb n vciarn patbmznciobmtb sdckinctn havutn c brrarn

rnfamhufndnin c ocigumznamcobmta struobmtcib, onsurb bstbrmb ciinmtbrvciia hn

ibtturc qucin fciob hn vbmta a gbmaobmn bainfn hn bffbznamcib nmtbmsnt, bvbmtn

bstrcmbn ci pradiboc trcttcta qucin onsurb cbrapartucin famfaontcmtn fam

apbrcznamn hn cttbrrckkna a hn hbfaiia, pbrhntc hn hctn pbr crrbsta struobmtcib a

brrarn hn rbknstrcznamb hctn.Ni obtaha hn famtraiia cppinfcta famsnstb mbiinhbmtngnfcrb bh bstrcrrb ib vbiafnt

hbi vbmta flb rnsuitcma bssbrb ockknarn hn um hbtbronmcta rcpparta snc

rnspbtta ci hcta prbfbhbmtb flb c qubiia suffbssnva. Ic tbfmnfc hbsfrnttc

famsbmtb hn nmhnvnhucrb n vciarn patbmznciobmtb sdckinctn b su hn bssn bggbttucrb

um famtraiia spbfngnfa pbr umc bvbmtucib rnoaznamb hciic dcsb hctn.

Zbr vciutcrb ic radustbzzc hbiic prafbhurc sn sama chattctn hub vciarn gnitra (hn

sbkunta hbmaonmcta gnitbr rctna) pcrn c 3.2 b 4.


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4.6.6.3

Nmhnfb hn qucint

Faob nmhnfctarb hbiic qucint hbiic dcsb hctn sn chattcta ni frntbrna hn

rcppartcrb ni muobra hn onsurb vcinhb b qubiia hn onsurb tatcin pbr akmn cmma

cmcinzzcta. Vn famsnhbrctc cggnhcdnib umc dcmfc hctn nm fun sn cddnc ciobma ni

2:% hbn hctn vcinhn rnspbtta ci tatcib.

Mbi sbkubmtb krcgnfa sn rnpartc inmhnfb hn qucint hbiic dcsb hctn cmcinzzctc c

fun stcta cppinfcta um gnitbr rctna pcrn c 3.2 b 4.

Gnkurc 4.3: Nmhnfb hn qucint rbictnva ciib onsurb vcinhb 3>;6-4:34

:%

3:%

4:%

6:%

8:%

:%

:%

:%

:%

:%

3::%

36

38

3

3

3

3

3

3:

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34

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38

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3

3

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3

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34

36

38

3

3

3

3

3

4:::

4::3

4::4

4::6

4::8

4::

4::

4::

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4::

4:3:

4:33

4:34

3.

4

:%


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4.6.8 Cmcinsn pradcdninstnfc hbi ocssnoa cmmucib

Vuiic dcsb hctn farrbttc stctc bsbkuntc umcmcinsn csnmtatnfc hbi N tnpa, prnoc

fam um gnitbr rctna pcrn c 3.2 b suffbssnvcobmtb pcrn c 4.

Vn rnpartcma hn sbkunta n rbictnvn fcrtakrcoon cttrcvbrsa n qucin sn rnfcvcta

trcontb rbkrbssnamb inmbcrb n pcrcobtrn praprn hbiic hnstrnduznamb hn Kuodbi

chattctc mbiicmcinsn, faob hbfrnttc prbfbhbmtbobmtb.

Famsnhbrcmha um pbrnaha hn rntarma XT?2: cmmn c fun cssafnctc umc

pradcdnint Z?:.>


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4.6.2 Vtuhna hbiic hnrbznamcint hbi vbmta

Vuiic dcsb hctn farrbttc fam um gnitbr rctna pcrn c 3.2 stctc nmaitrb cppinfctc

icmcinsn hn prafbssa flb lc pbrobssa hn hbgnmnrb ic vcrncznamb hbiic vbiafnt

ocssnoc cttbsc nm rbicznamb ciic hnrbznamb hbi vbmta famsnhbrctc.

Vn rnpartcma hn sbkunta n gcttarn hn hnrbznamcint b n fcrtakrcoon rbictnvn cn

hnvbrsn sbttarn cmcinzzctn, cttrcvbrsa n qucin sn sama rnfcvctn trcontb rbkrbssnamb

inmbcrb n pcrcobtrn praprn hbiic hnstrnduznamb hn [bnduii chattctc mbiicmcinsn b

hbsfrnttc prbfbhbmtbobmtb.

4.6.2.3Gcttarn hn hnrbznamcint

Ni krcgnfa suffbssnva rncssuob n gcttarn hn hnrbznamcint hbi vbmta attbmutn fam

icmcinsn cppbmc hbsfrnttc b pbrobttb hn bvnmfbrb faob ic ocssnoc nmtbmsnthbi vbmta snc hc cttbmhbrsn nm hnrbznamb Vuh-Bst. Inmhnfcznamb attbmutc

snmtaoa hn duam bsnta hbiib cmcinsn nm qucmta vnbmb nmhnfctc ic hnrbznamb

ockknarobmtb nmtbrbssctc hc oavnobmtn vbmtasn c invbiia ocfraobtbaraiaknfa

mbiic zamc hn nmtbrbssb.

Gnkurc 4.36 Gcttarn hn hnrbznamcint Wnrcfapas-Fcopnmcs


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4.6.2.4

Fcrtakrcoon cmcinsn hn prafbssa

Hn sbkunta sn rnpartcma pbr faopibtbzzc n krcgnfn rbictnvn ciic prbfbhbmtb cmcinsn

b ib rbictnvb rbkrbssnamn inmbcrn attbmutb pbr n vcrn sbttarn cmcinzzctn.

()

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4.6.7 Vtuhna hbiibspasnznamb

Ic hbtbronmcznamb hbiic vbiafnt hn rngbrnobmta pbr ni snta hn prakbtta

prbsuppamb, faob prbfbhbmtbobmtb bspasta, ic trcsgarocznamb hbn hctnonsurctn mbiib famhnznamn hn rngbrnobmta cttrcvbrsa icmcinsn hbttckinctc hbiic

rukasnt hbi tbrrbma b hbiib farrnspamhbmtn iumklbzzb hn pbrfarsa saprcvbmta

hbi snta fnrfastcmtb ic stcznamb cmboaobtrnfc.

4.6.7.3Cmcinsn hbiic rukasnt

Zbr inmhnvnhucznamb hbiib iumklbzzb hn rukasnt hc cssafncrb cn sbttarn hn

trcvbrsnc nmhnvnhuctn fam icmcinsn hn hnrbznamcint, sn bggbttuctc umc

suhhnvnsnamb hbi snta nm bscob nm zamb c rukasnt aoakbmbc famsnhbrcmha, pbr

ia stuhna hbiic rukasnt, umbstbmsnamb rnspbtta ci snta nm bscob pcrn c fnrfc 4:eo. Xcib cmcinsn vnbmb rnpartctc mbiic suffbssnvc ocppc snmattnfc nm fun sn

nmhnvnhucma ib zamb c rukasnt aoakbmbc b n sbttarn hn trcvbrsnc cmcinzzctn.

()

()

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()

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()

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4;

Ibkbmhc

Fbmtrbs ag icrkb tawms cmh fntnbs0

z:? :.;: o

Vudurds0

z:? :.6: o

Ocmy lbhkbs, saob trbbs0

z:? :.:2 ta :.4 o

Fbmtrbs ag socii tawms0

z:? :.2: o

Gbw dunihnmks, ocmy trbbs cmh lbhkbs0

z:? :.4: ta :.6 o

Ocmy trbbs cmh waahbh faumtrysnhb0

z:? :.6 ta :.2 o

Gnkurc 4.38 Ocppc snmattnfc hbiic rukasnt - Wnrcfapas-Fcopnmcs (eo)

Vn rnpartc hn sbkunta ic tcdbiic nm fun sn rncssuoama, pbr akmn sbttarb hn

trcvbrsnc, n vciarn hbiic iumklbzzc hn rukasnt hbi tbrrbma (z:, z:3, z:4, bff) b ib

rnspbttnvb iumklbzzb hn pbrfarsa (x, x3, x4, bff) saprcvbmta ci snta nm bscob nm

fun sn sama famsnhbrctb cmflb ib vcrncznamn ictbrcin hbiic rukasnt hbi tbrrbma.


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4: 34: 32: 3:: 3;:: >2:: 88:: 26:: 3;:: 46:: 74:: 33:: 38:: 3;:: 3;::

z:3 Uo_ :.2 :.2 :.83 :.6 :.6 :.6 :.32 :.4 :.3 :.3 :.6 :.2

x3 Uo_ 28:: 328:: 72:: >7:: 6::: 48:: 86:: 86:: 62:: 63::

z:4 Uo_ :.66 :.8 :.2 :.2 :.3 :.4 :.42 :.4 :.32 :.42

x4 Uo_ 42:: 76:: >4:: 33.; ;3::

z:6 Uo_ :.4 :.6 :.3 :.3 :.6

x6 Uo_


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4>

ic vbiafnt cttbsc mbi snta hn prakbtta nmhnfcmha hn qubstuitnoa ib obhbsnob

fcrcttbrnstnflb.

4.6.7.6

Gcttarn hn trcspasnznamb ibkctn ciic rukasnt

Hn sbkunta sn rnpartcma n gcttarn hn trcspasnznamb flb pbrobttama hn attbmbrb ni

pcssckkna hcn vciarn onsurctn hciicmboaobtra cmcinzzcta ciib famhnznamn hn

rngbrnobmta.

Gnkurc 4.37 Gcttarn hn trcspasnznamb hc cmboaobtra c snta hn rngbrnobmta


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4.8 Wciutcznamb hbiic vbiafnt mbi snta hn prakbtta

6:


Ibhngnfna cmcinzzcta sn bibvc pbr 8: obtrn hci pncma fcopckmc bh udnfcta nm

umc zamc obhncobmtb sakkbttc c gartb urdcmnzzcznamb pur cvbmha cifumnsbttarn fcrcttbrnzzctn hciic prbsbmzc hn umc sfcdrbzzc nmgbrnarb a hc umc

famhnznamb hn rukasnt btbrakbmbc flb rnflnbhb uma stuhna hn hbttckina.

Gnkurc 4.3; Iafcinzzcznamb hbi snta hn prakbtta (citntuhnmb 724 o sio)

Xcrkbt sntb Faumtry Ict. Iamk. Bibv.

Fcopnmcs Drczni -44.; -8;.:8; 724

4.8.3 Cmcinsn hbiic rukasnt

Faob bspasta prbfbhbmtbobmtb, ic hbtbronmcznamb hbiic vbiafnt mbi snta hn

prakbtta prbsuppamb ic vciutcznamb hbiic vbiafnt hn rngbrnobmta, cttrcvbrsa ictrcsgarocznamb hbn hctn onsurctn mbiib famhnznamn hn rngbrnobmta hbgnmntc mbn

prbfbhbmtn pcrckrcgn, b ic suffbssnvc trcspasnznamb ci snta hn prakbtta

cttrcvbrsa icmcinsn hbttckinctc hbiic rukasnt hbi tbrrbma b hbiib farrnspamhbmtn

iumklbzzb hn pbrfarsa saprcvbmta mbi snta nm bscob.

Zbr inmhnvnhucznamb hbiib iumklbzzb hn rukasnt hc cssafncrb cn sbttarn hn

trcvbrsnc nmhnvnhuctn fam icmcinsn hn hnrbznamcint, sn bggbttuctc umc

suhhnvnsnamb hbi snta nm bscob nm zamb c rukasnt aoakbmbc famsnhbrcmha, pbr

ia stuhna hbiic rukasnt, umbstbmsnamb rnspbtta ci snta nm bscob pcrn c fnrfc

Vnta hn prakbtta


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4:eo. Xcib cmcinsn vnbmb rnpartctc mbiic suffbssnvc ocppc snmattnfc nm fun sn

nmhnvnhucma ib zamb c rukasnt aoakbmbc b n sbttarn hn trcvbrsnc cmcinzzctn.

Ibkbmhc

Fbmtrbs ag icrkb tawms cmh fntnbs0

z:? :.;: o

Vudurds0

z:? :.6: o

Ocmy lbhkbs, saob trbbs0

z:? :.:2 ta :.4 o

Fbmtrbs ag socii tawms0

z:? :.2: o

Gbw dunihnmks, ocmy trbbs cmh lbhkbs0

z:? :.4: ta :.6 o

Ocmy trbbs cmh waahbh faumtrysnhb0

z:? :.6 ta :.2 o

Gnkurc 4.3< Ocppc snmattnfc hbiic rukasnt - Fcopnmcs (eo)

Vn rnpartc hn sbkunta ic tcdbiic nm fun sn rncssuoama, pbr akmn sbttarb hn

trcvbrsnc, n vciarn hbiic iumklbzzc hn rukasnt hbi tbrrbma (z:, z:3, z:4, bff) b ib

rnspbttnvb iumklbzzb hn pbrfarsa (x, x3, x4, bff) saprcvbmta ci snta nm bscob nm

fun sn sama famsnhbrctb cmflb ib vcrncznamn ictbrcin hbiic rukasnt hbi tbrrbma.


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64

: 6: 7: >: 34: 32: 3:: 86:: 7


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66

4.8.6 Nmtbrgbrbmzc

Zbr faopibtcrb icmcinsn hbi vbmta mbi snta hn prakbtta mbfbsscrna tbmbrb nm

famsnhbrcznamb n gbmaobmn hn nmtbrgbrbmzc, avvbra qubn gbmaobmn nm krcha hn

oahngnfcrb ni faopartcobmta flb umc fastruznamb cvrbddb ciib cznamn hbi vbmta

sb gassb nsaictc b flb, nm rbicznamb ciib hnggbrbmtn fnrfastcmzb, passama hcrb

iuaka rnspbttnvcobmtb c um nmfrbobmta a c umc rnhuznamb hbiic vbiafnt hbi

vbmta, hbiib cznamn cbrahnmconflb, hbiic rnspastc hnmconfc b hbn gbmaobmn

cbrabicstnfn.

Zbr qucmta famfbrmb ic vbiafnt hbi vbmta, inmtbrgbrbmzc lc bggbtta

prnmfnpciobmtb qucmha icitbzzc hbiic fastruznamb akkbtta hn stuhna

pcrckamcdnib c qubiic hbkin astcfain flb ic fnrfamhcma b flb faopibssnvcobmtb

hcmma iuaka ciic rukasnt hbi tbrrbma.

Flncocmha icitbzzc obhnc hbkin bibobmtn hn rukasnt flb fastntunsfainmtarma hbiibhngnfna famsnhbrcta, sn hbgnmnsfb strcta inontb supbrgnfncib ic gcsfnc

ctoasgbrnfc c famtctta hbi tbrrbma, tcib gcsfnc cvr spbssarb pcrn c0

3,2 Vn pu famsnhbrcrb flb inopnbka hbi pragnia iakcrntonfa hbiic vbiafnt obhnc

hbi vbmta snc farrbtta ci hn saprc tcib gcsfnc, obmtrb ci sua nmtbrma, ni fcopa hn

vbiafnt hnpbmhb hciic hnspasnznamb b hciib praprnbt hbkin bibobmtn hn rukasnt

b pu bssbrb pbrtcmta vciutcta saitcmta fam pravb spbrnobmtcin a snouicznamn

muobrnflb.

Ic maroctnvc hn rngbrnobmta sukkbrnsfb hn chattcrb umc garoc hn pcrzncib

fcutbic nopambmha flb ni fcopa hn vbmta sn famsbrvn umngarob satta umc quatc

famvbmznamcib hn rngbrnobmta flncoctc citbzzc onmnoc , gumznambprnmfnpciobmtb hbiic fctbkarnc hn bspasnznamb hbi snta avb sarkb ic fastruznamb,

famsnhbrcmha flb nm mbssum fcsa fn tbmkc famta hbiic rnhuznamb ahbiicuobmta iafcib hbiic vbiafnt nm famfaontcmzc hn pcrtnfaicrn hnstrnduznamn

hbkin astcfain b hn spbfngnflb hnrbznamn hbi giussa nmfnhbmtb.

Mbi fcsa hbiibhngnfna akkbtta hn stuhna sn rntnbmb appartuma, pbr nmfrbobmtcrb ni

ocrknmb hn snfurbzzc nm gcsb prbinonmcrb, noparrb flb ni fcopa hn vbmta sn

famsbrvn umngarob satta ic quatc faob oastrcta mbiic gnkurc sbkubmtb.


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Gnkurc 4.4: Zragnia hbiic vbiafnt hbi vbmta nm farrnspamhbmzc hbiia strcta inontb supbrgnfncib

Vn pbrtcmta famhattc umcffurctc cmcinsn hbi famtbsta fnrfastcmtb ibhngnfna

cttrcvbrsa ic qucib sn sama rnibvctb ib citbzzb hbkin bhngnfn pbr um rckkna hn fnrfc

3.2 eo, n rnsuitctn hn tcib cmcinsn sama rnpartctn mbiic sbkubmtb tcdbiic.

Marh Vuh Bst Avbst

zlUo_ ;.4 7.< 7.< 33.4

zsUo_ 3:.< 3:.4 3:.4 37. 8: / ? 4;.7 /

Vn pu assbrvcrb flb, fabrbmtbobmtb fam qucmta sn patbvc cttbmhbrb, ni vciarb

hbiic vbiafnt hn prakbtta garmnta hbiic maroctnvc rnsuitc bssbrb pn

famsbrvctnva rnspbtta c qubiia hbhatta hciib cmcinsn svaitb.


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4.2 Vnmtbsn hbiib cmcinsn

6

6 Oahbiin hn fcifaia

N oahbiin hn fcifaia, snc qubiia kiadcib flb qubiin pcrzncin, sama stctn bicdarctn

fam ni prakrcooc hn fcifaia ch bibobmtn gnmntn (inmbcrn, pncmn, trnhnobmsnamcin) nmcodnta inmbcrb b mam inmbcrb pbr kbaobtrnc b octbrncib Vtrcus;svniuppcta hc

K+H Faoputnmk b hnstrndunta nm Ntcinc hc LVL.

6.3 Oahbiia kiadcib

Ni oahbiia hn fcifaia trnhnobmsnamcib hbiinmtbra bhngnfna faoprbmhb n saicn c

pncstrc oahbiictn fam bibobmtnpictbc qucttra mahn, ib faiammb oahbiictb fam

bibobmtn dbcoc hub mahn, n sbttn oahbiictn fam bibobmtnpictbc qucttra mahn b

ic strutturc hbiic gcffnctc vbtrctc oahbiictc fam bibobmtn dbcoc hub mahn.


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6.4 Oahbiin pcrzncin

8:

6.4 Oahbiin pcrzncin

Hn sbkunta vbmkama rnpartctn n hub oahbiin pcrzncin c faopibobmta hn qubiia

kiadcib.Ni prnoa, rbictnva ci pncma tnpa, oahbiicta fam bibobmtn pictbpbr bggbttucrb

vbrngnflb pn cppragamhntb suiib cznamn nmtbrmb b sui faopartcobmta hbi saicna

c pncstrc.

Ni sbfamha, rbictnva ch um oahbiia sbopingnfcta hbiib pcrbtn nm F.C.,

oahbiicta fam bibobmtn dbco fammbssn hc rnknh inme, flb snouicma ni

faopartcobmta hn pncma rnknha rcpprbsbmtcta hcn saicn c pncstrc, pbrbggbttucrb um famtraiia hbn rnsuitctn hbi oahbiia kiadcib, cvbrb um rnsfamtra

noobhncta sui faopartcobmta strutturcib kiadcib b suiia svniuppa hbiib cznamn

nmtbrmb iumka ib pcrbtn.


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8. Cznamn suiic fastruznamb

83

8 Cznamn suiic fastruznamb

8.3 Cznamb hbi vbmtaFamsnhbrcmha um farpa gnssa b nmhbgarocdnib noobrsa nm um fcopa hn vbmta sn

pu assbrvcrb flb hc um icta suiic supbrgnfnb hbi farpa stbssa mcsfb umc

prbssnamb Z hnggbrbmtb hciic prbssnamb stctnfc Z: hbi giussa nmhnsturdcta b

hciicitra ni farpa oahngnfc ni giussa citbrcmhamb ic famgnkurcznamb iafcib.

Gnkurc 8.3 Farpa trnhnobmsnamcib nm um fcopa hn vbmta (trcttc hc (3:))

Ic supbrgnfnb hbi farpa nmvbstntc hci giussa pbrtcmta sattapastc c umcznamb

cbrahnmconfc ibkctc, mbi sua faopibssa, ciic vcrncznamb hbiic prbssnamb suiic

suc supbrgnfnb p?Z-Z:. Nm pcrtnfaicrb suiic supbrgnfnb hbi farpa bspastc ci

giussa nmfnhbmtb sn rbcinzzc um sattnib strcta inontb hn mcturc iconmcrb a

turdaibmtc flb rnsuitc bssbrb gumznamb hbi muobra hn Tbymaihs b hbiic

sfcdrbzzc supbrgnfncib hbi farpa.

Mbn farpn fam spnkain vnvn ic famgnkurcznamb hbi giussa nmvbfb nmhnpbmhbmtb hci

muobra hn Tbymaihs b hciic sfcdrbzzc hbiic supbrgnfnb, nmgcttn bssn hcmma iuaka

ciic sbpcrcznamb hbiia strcta inontb panfl sb ni giussa rnusfnssb c famtarmcrb ia

spnkaia hc um icta ic vbiafnt bstbrmc ciia strcta inontb scrbddb oaita citc b ic

prbssnamb oaita pnffaic b hciicitra sudnta hapa ia spnkaia sn cvrbddb um

krchnbmtb cvvbrsa hn prbssnamb tcmta bibvcta hc bssbrb nmsastbmndnib sbmzc

sbpcrcznamb.


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8.3 Cznamb hbi vbmta

84

Gnkurc 8.4 Vbpcrcznamb hbi giussa hc farpn c spnkain vnvn (trcttc hc (3:))

Ic gnkurc prbfbhbmtb rcpprbsbmtc ni giussa mbiinmtarma hn um farpa c sbznamb

rbttcmkaicrb b oastrc ic sbpcrcznamb hn sfnc flb sn rbcinzzc prbssa kin spnkain

hbiic gcffnc gramtcib. Hciic gnkurc sn pu nmaitrb matcrb flb n farpn ciiumkctnmbiic hnrbznamb hbi giussa spbssa hcmma iuaka, hapa ic sbpcrcznamb hckin

spnkain gramtcin, ciic garocznamb hn daiib hn sbpcrcznamb, c vciib hn qubstb ni

giussa tbmhb c rncttcffcrsn ciib pcrbtn ictbrcin hbi farpa pbr pan sbpcrcrsn hn

muava nm farrnspamhbmzc hbkin spnkain hbiic gcffnc pastbrnarb hbi farpa.

Matn tcin prnmfnpn passndnib hbgnmnrb flb ib cznamn cbrahnmconflb hbi vbmta su

um kbmbrnfa farpa gnssa b nmhbgarocdnib hnpbmhama hnggbrbmtbobmtb hci giussa

nmfnhbmtb flb cknsfb cttrcvbrsa ic vbiafnt obhnc b ic suc giuttucznamb b hciicsfnc vartnfasc flb kbmbrc cznamn ibkctb ciic turdaibmzc prahattc hci farpa.

Xcin cznamn passama bssbrb qucmtngnfctb cttrcvbrsa spbfngnfn pcrcobtrn

chnobmsnamcin flncoctn fabggnfnbmtn cbrahnmconfn flb faoprbmhama n fabggnfnbmtn

hn prbssnamb, n fabggnfnbmtn hn garzc b hn oaobmta b n fabggnfnbmtn hn cttrnta.

Nm pcrtnfaicrb sn hbgnmnsfb fabggnfnbmtb hn prbssnamb ni pcrcobtra0

?

34 v

havb0

ic hbmsnt hbiicrnc5v um vciarb obhna a hn pnffa hbiic vbiafnt, nmhnpbmhbmtb hci tbopa,fcrcttbrnstnfa hbi giussa nmhnsturdcta b vciutcta c umc quatc famvbmznamcib hn

rngbrnobmta5

ic prbssnamb bsbrfntctc hci vbmta.


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86

8.3.3 Cznamn cbrahnmconflb kiadcin b iafcin

Ni vbmta bsbrfntc suiic fastruznamb b sun snmkain bibobmtn hbiic fastruznamb

stbssc hub hnggbrbmtn tnpn hn cznamn cbrahnmconflb flb hnpbmhama hciic garoc,

hciic hnobmsnamb b hciiarnbmtcobmta hbiic fastruznamb b hbn suan bibobmtn

rnspbtta ciic hnrbznamb hbi vbmta, mamfl hciic vbiafnt obhnc b hciic

turdaibmzc hbi vbmta0

- cznamn cbrahnmconflb hnmsnbob suiic fastruznamb, vciutctb

famsnhbrcmha snmkaicrobmtb, faob hnrbznamn hn pravbmnbmzc hbi vbmta,

qubiib farrnspamhbmtn c fncsfuma hbkin cssn prnmfnpcin hbiic sbznamb hbiic

fastruznamb stbssc5

- cznamn cbrahnmconflb iafcin sun snmkain bibobmtn, strutturcin b mamstrutturcin, flb faopamkama ic fastruznamb, vciutctb famsnhbrcmha, grc

tuttb ib passndnin hnrbznamn hn pravbmnbmzc hbi vbmta, qubiib flb fcuscma

ib cznamn pn nmtbmsb, saprcttutta nm prassnont hbn darhn b hbkin spnkain

hbiib fastruznamn nm qucmta saintcobmtb oaita ockknarn hn qubiib

cppinfctb sun snmkain bibobmtn pbr vciutcrb icznamb hnmsnbob hbi vbmta

suiic fastruznamb.

Gnkurc 8.6 Cznamn iafcin hbi vbmta sun snmkain bibobmtn flb faopamkama ic fastruznamb

Ib cznamn cbrahnmconflb hn pnffa flb nmsnstama suiic fastruznamb b sun snmkain

bibobmtn sama vciutctb famsnhbrcmha n vciarn cttbsn hbiib cznamn ocssnob hbi

vbmta su um nmtbrvciia hn tbopa pcrn c 3: onmutn trcsfurcmha kin bggbttn rnhuttnvn

havutn ciic mam famtboparcmbnt hbiib ocssnob prbssnamn iafcin b qubiin

copingnfctnvn prahattn hciib vndrcznamn strutturcin.


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88

Xcin cznamn sama rcpprbsbmtctb hciic prbssnamb bsbrfntctc hci vbmta su fncsfumc

gcffnc hbiib supbrgnfn hbiic fastruznamb a hbn suan bibobmtn b sn trchufama nm0

- savrcprbssnamn, hbgnmntb famvbmznamciobmtb pasntnvb, tnpnflb hbiibsupbrgnfn gramtcin bspastb ci vbmta nmfnhbmtb b, pn nm kbmbrcib, hbiib

zamb havb ia strcta inontb rbstc chbrbmtb ciic supbrgnfnb hbi farpa5

- hbprbssnamn a suznamn, hbgnmntb famvbmznamciobmtb mbkctnvb, ckbmtn

marociobmtb ciib supbrgnfn stbssb b tnpnflb hbiib supbrgnfn ictbrcin b

satta vbmta b, pn nm kbmbrcib, hbiib zamb sbhb hn sbpcrcznamb hn sfnc.

Xcib prbssnamb rnsuitc praparznamcib ciic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa hbi vbmta

qpb vnbmb hbgnmntc prbssnamb bstbrmc pbqubiic ckbmtb suiib gcffb bstbrmb hbiic

fastruznamb b prbssnamb nmtbrmc pnqubiic ckbmtb suiib gcffb nmtbrmb0

()? () ()? ()

havb

ic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa hbi vbmta5 , sama n fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb bstbrmc bh nmtbrmc hbgnmntnfamvbmznamciobmtb pasntnvn a mbkctnvn c sbfamhc flb ic gcffnc farrnspamhbmtb

hbiic supbrgnfnb famsnhbrctc sn travn nm savrcprbssnamb a nm hbprbssnamb5

, sama citbzzb hn rngbrnobmta, cssafnctb ciic hbgnmnznamb hn b .

8.3.4 Zrbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa

Ic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa hbi vbmta qp ni vciarb cttbsa hbiic prbssnamb

fnmbtnfc ocssnoc hbi vbmta mbiinmtbrvciia hn tbopa X ? 3: onmutn5 bssc

hnpbmhb hciicitbzzc z sui suaia, hciic vbmtasnt hbiic zamc nm bscob, hci

pbrnaha hn rntarma hn prakbtta, hciib fcrcttbrnstnflb iafcin hbi snta avb sarkb icfastruznamb b hciic hbmsnt hbiicrnc bh hctc hciic sbkubmtb bqucznamb0

()?34 v(z)havb0

ic vbiafnt hn pnffa hbi vbmta5 ic hbmsnt hbiicrnc5


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82

Ic vbiafnt hn pnffa hbi vbmta vp ni vciarb cttbsa hbiic vbiafnt ocssnoc hbi

vbmta mbiinmtbrvciia hn tbopa X ? 3: onmutn, obhncta su um nmtbrvciia hn

tbopa pcrn famvbmznamciobmtb c 6 sbfamhn. Ni vciarb ocssnoa vocx hn v

mbiinmtbrvciia hn tbopa X ? 3: onmutn umc vcrncdnib cibctarnc ic fun gumznamb

hn hbmsnt g(vocx) nm kbmbrcib strbttc b cppumtntc faob oastrcta mbiic gnkurc

sbkubmtb.

Gnkurc 8.8 Hbmsnt hn pradcdnint hbiic vbiafnt hbi vbmta b hbi sua vciarb ocssnoa

Faob ic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa, cmflb ic vbiafnt hn pnffa hbi vbmta

hnpbmhb hciicitbzzc z sui suaia, hciic vbmtasnt hbiic zamc nm bscob, hci

pbrnaha hn rntarma hn prakbtta b hciib fcrcttbrnstnflb iafcin hbi snta avb sarkb ic

fastruznamb bh garmntc hciic sbkubmtb bqucznamb0

() ? ()+ () () ? ( ) ()havb0 ic vbiafnt obhnc hbi vbmta5 ni gcttarb hn rcggnfc hbiic vbiafnt hbi vbmta, bsprbssa hciic garouic0

()? 3 + ( ) ( ) ()nm fun0

ni gcttarb hn pnffa hbiic vbiafnt hbi vbmta5


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87

inmtbmsnt hbiic faopambmtb iamkntuhnmcib hbiic turdaibmzc bsprbssc faob0() ?()

()

ni fabggnfnbmtb flb tnbmb famta hbiic rnhuznamb hbiinmtbmsnt hbiic turdaibmzcc fcusc hbi pbrnaha hn tbopa sui qucib obhnctc ic vbiafnt hn pnffa.

N fabggnfnbmtn b sama garmntn hciib rbicznamn0

()?4 i m() + :.2;;44 im()

()? :.:64 ()() () ().

()? 33 + : . 2 7 ()() .

havb0

ic grbqubmzc cttbsc hbiic turdaibmzc5

ic sfcic nmtbkrcib hbiic turdaibmzc.

Inmtbmsnt hbiic turdaibmzc pu bssbrb bsprbssc faob0

()? ()( ) pbr z z()? ()( ) pbr z = z

havb0

ni gcttarb hn turdaibmzc5

() ni fabggnfnbmtb hn tapakrcgnc (gumznamb hn hbiib fcrcttbrnstnflbtapakrcgnflb b arakrcgnflb hbi snta havb sarkb ic fastruznamb5

ic iumklbzzc hn rukasnt.Cppinfcmha ib prbfbhbmtn bqucznamn, ic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc qp cssafnctc ciic

vbiafnt hn pnffa vprnsuitc0

()?34 v(z) 3 + 4 () () ()+ () () ()


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8;

Famsnhbrcmha flb ni tbrza chhbmha ciinmtbrma hbiic pcrbmtbsn quchrc pu

bssbrb trcsfurcta pur bssbmha tcib npatbsn oahbrctcobmtb c sgcvarb hn

snfurbzzc panfl

umc krcmhbzzc oaita onmarb hbiiumnt b pambmha

? 3

b ? 6.2, bmtrcodb sbopingnfcznamn c gcvarb hn snfurbzzc, ic prbssnambfnmbtnfc hn pnffa pu bssbrb rcpprbsbmtctc hciic sbkubmtb bqucznamb rnhattc0

()?3 + ; () 34 v Ic prbfbhbmtb bqucznamb garmnsfb qunmhn hn maroc umc stnoc c gcvarb hn

snfurbzzc hbiic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa hbi vbmta.

Fn pbrobttb hn hbtbronmcrb hcpprnoc ic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa cttrcvbrsa

ni vciarb hbiic vbiafnt obhnc hbi vbmta b suffbssnvcobmtb hn hbtbronmcrb ic

prbssnamb ckbmtb suiib gcffb nmtbrmb bh bstbrmb hbiic supbrgnfnb hbiic

fastruznamb umc vaitc hbtbronmctn n rbictnvn fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb.

Wc nmaitrb famsnhbrcta flb icznamb hbi vbmta su akmn snmkaia bibobmta

hbtbronmctc famsnhbrcmha ic faodnmcznamb pn krcvasc hbiic prbssnamb ckbmtb

suiib hub gcffb hbiic supbrgnfnb faob oastrcta hciic sbkubmtb gnkurc.

Gnkurc 4.; Zrbssnamb hbi vbmta suiib supbrgnfn hn umc fastruznamb (trcttc hc RMN BM 3>>3-3-8)

8.3.6 Fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb

Hn sbkunta sn rnpartcma n vciarn hbn fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb chnobmsnamcin,

suhhnvnsn nm fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb bstbrmc b nmtbrmc, chattctn pbr trcsgarocrb

ic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hbi vbmta nm cznamn cbrahnmconflb kiadcin suiic

fastruznamb b iafcin sukin bibobmtn strutturcin b mam strutturcin.

Ic suhhnvnsnamb nm fabggnfnbmtn kiadcin b iafcin hbttctc hci gctta flb n prnon

garmnsfama umc hbgnmnznamb sbopingnfctc, b kbmbrciobmtb c gcvarb hn snfurbzzc,

hbi fcopa hn prbssnamb a hn garzc havutb ci vbmta, obmtrb n sbfamhn


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8

Fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb nmtbrmc fpn- Wbmta aomnhnrbznamcib

Gnkurc 4.; Fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb nmtbrmc fpn- Famhnznamb 3

Gnkurc 4.; Fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb nmtbrmc fpn- Famhnznamb 4


59/150


2:

Fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb bstbrmc fpb- Hnrbznamb hbi vbmta0 Marh

Gnkurc 4.; Vuhhnvnsnamb nm zamb c ukucib fabg. hn prbssnamb bstbrmc

(d?37.4o - h?4:.


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23

Fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb bstbrmc fpb- Hnrbznamb hbi vbmta0 Vuh


(d?37.4o - h?4:.


61/150


24

Fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb bstbrmc fpb- Hnrbznamb hbi vbmta0 Bst


(d?37.4o - h?4:.


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26

Fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb bstbrmc fpb- Hnrbznamb hbi vbmta0 Avbst


(d?37.4o - h?4:.


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28

8.3.8 Zrbssnamb bsbrfntctc hci vbmta

Faob hbgnmnta mbn pcrckrcgn prbfbhbmtn, ic prbssnamb bsbrfntctc hci vbmta su

fncsfumc gcffnc hbiib supbrgnfn hbiic fastruznamb a hbn suan bibobmtn rnsuitc

praparznamcib ciic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa hbi vbmta qp.

Hbtbronmctc ic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa cttrcvbrsa ni vciarb hbiic vbiafnt

obhnc hbi vbmta b hbgnmntn n fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb passndnib fcifaicrb ic

prbssnamb ckbmtb suiib gcffb nmtbrmb bh bstbrmb hbiic supbrgnfnb hbiic

fastruznamb cttrcvbrsa ib sbkubmtn bqucznamn0

()? ()

()? ()

havb0

ic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa, rcpprbsbmtctc hciic sbkubmtb bqucznamb flbgarmnsfb umc stnoc c gcvarb hn snfurbzzc0

()?3 + ; () 34 v , sama n fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb bstbrmc bh nmtbrmc hbgnmntn mbi pcrckrcgaprbfbhbmtb

Icmcinsn hbiib prbssnamn ckbmtn suiic strutturc stctc famhattc famsnhbrcmhafaob hnrbznamn hn pravbmnbmzc hbi vbmta qubiib farrnspamhbmtn c fncsfuma hbkin

cssn prnmfnpcin hbiic sbznamb hbiic fastruznamb. Vn sama pbrtcmta cmcinzzctn

qucttra fcsn prbsbmtctn hn sbkunta, fncsfuma hbmaonmcta fam ni pumta fcrhnmcib

rcpprbsbmtctnva hbiic hnrbznamb hn pravbmnbmzc hbi vbmta.

Nm pcrtnfaicrb sn rnfarhc flb sn sfbita hn chattcrb pbr ic vciutcznamb hbiib

cznamn kiadcin fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb iafcin ci gnmb hn hbsfrnvbrb fam ockknarb

hbttckina ni fcopa hn prbssnamb fcuscta hciicznamb hbi vbmta b famhurrb

umcmcinsn kiadcib pn cppragamhntc.Wc nmaitrb famsnhbrcta flb icznamb hbi vbmta su akmn snmkaia bibobmta

hbtbronmctc famsnhbrcmha ic faodnmcznamb pn krcvasc hbiic prbssnamb ckbmtb

suiib hub gcffb hbiic supbrgnfnb.

8.3.8.3

Citbzzc hn rngbrnobmta

Gcffnc saprcvbmta

Ni giussa flb sn nmstcurc nmtarma ckin bhngnfn, saprcttutta mbiic pcrtb hn dcsb b

saoontcib hbiic gcffnc saprcvbmta, rnsuitc bssbrb faopibssa b prahufb umc


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22

hnstrnduznamb citnobtrnfc hbiic prbssnamb flb nm kbmbrcib hnvbrsc hci pragnia

hbiic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa hbi vbmta nmhnsturdcta.

Substa partc c famsnhbrcrb mbkin bhngnfn citn, assnc fam citbzzc faoprbsc grc ic

hnobmsnamb nm pncmtc artakamcib ci giussa hbi vbmta (d) b 2 vaitb ic pragamhnt

hbiibhngnfna (h), hub zamb hnstnmtb0

- mbiic prnoc pcrtb hbiibhngnfna snma ciic quatc z?d, icitbzzc hn

rngbrnobmta fastcmtb b pcrn c zb?d b ic prbssnamb hbi vbmta pbrtcmta

umngarob5

- mbiic pcrtb supbrnarb hbiibhngnfna, pbr z faoprbsa grc d b l, ibhngnfna

suhhnvnsa nm tramfln hn citbzzc crdntrcrnc fanmfnhbmtn fam inmtbrpncma

hbiibhngnfna, c fncsfuma hbn qucin farrnspamhb umcitbzzc hn rngbrnobmtazbfastcmtb pcrn ciic saoont hbi tramfa.

Substc sfbitc, fcrcttbrnzzctc hc um fcifaia hbiib garzb pn ambrasa, partc c

vciarn pn chbrbmtn ciic rbcit b mam ockknarn hn qubiin flb sn cvrbddbra

famsnhbrcmha mbiic pcrtb supbrnarb hbiibhngnfna umcitbzzc hn rngbrnobmta

fastcmtb pcrn ciic saoont hbiibhngnfna (zb?l). Xcib sbfamhc npatbsn, flb

famsnhbrc qunmhn umc prbssnamb hbi vbmta umngarob grc ib quatb z?d b z?l,

partbrbddb ch cvbrb um fcifaia hbiib garzb cbrahnmconflb sbopingnfcta, oc ic

garzc tatcib flb mb rnsuitc scrbddb kbmbrciobmtb ockknarb hn qubiic rbcib.

Gcffb sattavbmta b ictbrcin

Faob cmtnfnpcta mbn prbfbhbmtn pcrckrcgn, ic prbssnamb suiib gcffb sattavbmta b

suiib gcffb ictbrcin hbkin bhngnfn ibkctc ciib fcrcttbrnstnflb hbi giussa sbpcrcta

(nm sfnc) b pu bssbrb famsnhbrctc, fam duamc cpprassnocznamb, fastcmtb fam

ic quatc. Hn fn sn tnbmb famta cssuobmha flb icitbzzc hn rngbrnobmta snc

fastcmtb b pcrn ciic quatc hn saoont hbiibhngnfna (zb?l).

Hn sbkunta sn rnpartcma, pbr akmn hnrbznamb famsnhbrctc, icmhcobmta

trnhnobmsnamcib hbiib prbssnamn ckbmtn suiic fastruznamb b ic tcdbiic rncssumtnvc

hbn prnmfnpcin vciarn hn rngbrnobmta.


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27

Zrbssnamb bstbrmc - Hnrbznamb hbi vbmta0 Marh

Hn sbkunta sn rnpartc icmhcobmta trnhnobmsnamcib hbiib prbssnamn ckbmtn suiic

fastruznamb suhhnvnsc nm zamb c ukucib fabggnfnbmtb hn prbssnamb bstbrmc, ic fun

kbaobtrnc rnpartctc mbi pcrckrcga prbfbhbmtb.


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2;

Hn sbkunta sn rnpartc ic tcdbiic rncssumtnvc hbn vciarn hbn fabggnfnbmtn hn prbssnamb

bstbrmc fpb, hbiicitbzzc hn rngbrnobmta zb, hbiic prbssnamb fnmbtnfc hn pnffa qpb

hbiic prbssnamb bstbrmc pbrbictnvn ch akmn zamc hn prbssnamb fastcmtb.

fpb zb qp pb

- Uo_ UM/o4_ UM/o4_

C -3.4: 8:.: 33::.2 -364:.7

D -:.


67/150


2




fpb zb qp pb

- Uo_ UM/o4_ UM/o4_

C -3.4: 8:.: 3364.7 -362>.3

D -:.:7.3

F +:.:: 8:.: 3364.7 :.:

H +:.38.: ;63.4

+:.38.: ;63.4

+:.38.: ;63.4

+:.38.: ;63.4

+:.38.: ;63.4

+:.7:.: ;7


69/150


7:

Zrbssnamb bstbrmc - Hnrbznamb hbi vbmta0 Bst





70/150


73




fpb zb qp pb

- Uo_ UM/o4_ UM/o4_

C -3.4: 8:.: 3:;7.8 -34>3.7

D -:.


71/150


74

Zrbssnamb bstbrmc - Hnrbznamb hbi vbmta0 Avbst





72/150


76




fpb zb qp pb

- Uo_ UM/o4_ UM/o4_

C -3.4: 8:.: 3:22.> -347;.3

D -:. - -24


73/150

8.4 Cznamb snsonfc

78

8.4 Cznamb snsonfc

Ni tbrrntarna drcsnincma prbsbmtc umc dcssc snsonfnt, tnpnfc hn umc rbknamb

tbttamnfc nmtrc-pncstrb. Ia stuhna hbiic snsonfnt drcsnincmc, fam dcsbsfnbmtngnfc, nmnzncta mbkin cmmn ';: faob famsbkubmzc hbn rbqunsntn oaita

rnkarasn hbgnmntn pbr ic prakbttcznamb hbiib strutturb hnCmkrc has Tbns Mufibcr

Zawbr Zicmt. Nm qubstn uitnon hbfbmmn, mamastcmtb ic rbcinzzcznamb hn umc rbtb

snsoaiaknfc flb nm famtnmua gumznamcobmta b flb lc pbrobssa hn rcffakinbrb

muobrasn hctn snsoaiaknfn, ia stuhna faopibta hbiic snsonfnt hbi tbrrntarna

drcsnincma mam stcta tuttcvnc cmfarc famfiusa.

Rma stuhna hbi rnsflna snsonfa, nm sfcic kiadcib, stctc bggbttucta pbr ib

Mcznamn Rmntb hc KGP-Zatshco (3>>>) b n rnsuitctn hn tcib stuhna sama rnpartctnmbiic rbictnvc ocppc kiadcib hbiic pbrnfaiasnt snsonfc (Kiadci Vbnsonf Lczcrh

Ocp). Substc ocppc famgbroc flb ni tbrrntarna drcsnincma passnbhb umc dcssc

snsonfnt, fam cffbibrcznamn arnzzamtcin maonmcin pbr suaia rnknha b um pbrnaha

hn rntarma hn 8;2 cmmn kbmbrciobmtb nmgbrnarb c :,8 o/s4.

Vaia hub rbknamn drcsnincmb gcmma bffbznamb fam umc snsonfnt mam

trcsfurcdnib0 pcrtb hbiic rbknamb Marh-Bst, krcznb ciic suc vnfnmcmzc fam ni

Vautl Cticmtnf Tnhkb b pcrtb hbi Drcsnib marh-affnhbmtcib (Coczzamnc

affnhbmtcib), c fcusc hbiic suc vnfnmcmzc fam ni famgnmb hbiic picffc pcfngnfc.

Krcznb c qubstc dcssc snsonfnt mbiic ockknar pcrtb hbi sua tbrrntarna, gnma ci

4::7 ni Drcsnib brc prctnfcobmtb i'umnfa pcbsb suhcobrnfcma sbmzc uma

stcmhcrh spbfngnfa pbr ic prakbttcznamb snsonfc hbiib strutturb5 saia pbr ic

prakbttcznamb hn cifumb strutturb spbfncin, rbictnvb c prakbttn hn pcrtnfaicrb

rnibvcmzc safncib bh bfamaonfc, brcma stctn famsnhbrctn hbn rbqunsntn snsonfn.

Krcznb cn hctn flb sama stctn rcffaitn gnm hckin cmmn ';: b ckin stuhn tbarnfn flb

sama stctn bsbkuntn hc ciiarc, stcta prakrbssnvcobmtb rnfamasfnuta hciic

Faoumnt tbfmnfc drcsnincmc flb kin bggbttn snsonfn mam passama bssbrb nkmarctn

c prnarn mbiic prakbttcznamb strutturcib nm Drcsnib, fn lc partcta mbi 4::7 ci

rnicsfna hc pcrtb hbiibmtb maroctarb drcsnincma CDMX hbi muava stcmhcrh

drcsnincma pbr ic prakbttcznamb hn strutturb rbsnstbmtn ci snsoc, CDMX-MDT

3284304::7. Nm tcib hafuobmta famtbmutc ic zamcznamb snsonfc hbi Drcsnib,

hbrnvctc prnmfnpciobmtb hciia stuhna hbi rnsflna snsonfa famhatta hc KGP-

Zatshco, nm fun, pbr fncsfumc zamc snsonfc, vnbmb rnpartcta ni rnspbttnva vciarb

maonmcib hbiicffbibrcznamb arnzzamtcib ck, faob oastrcta mbiic gnkurc

sbkubmtb.


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72

Gnkurc 8.2 Ocppcturc hbiicffbibrcznamb snsonfc arnzzamtcib fcrcttbrnstnfc marocinzzctc ck

hbi Drcsnib pbr tbrrbmn hn Ficssb D (Taffnc) (trcttc hc MDT 32843)

Vn sattainmbc faob tcib zamcznamb rngibttc ic ockknarb snsonfnt prbsbmtb mbiib

hub rbknamn drcsnincmb saprc hbsfrnttb, obmtrb ni rbsta hbi tbrrntarna drcsnincma,

faoprbsa ni snta hn prakbtta, snc fcrcttbrnzzcta hc um dcssc snsonfnt.

8.4.3 Zbrnfaiasnt snsonfc

Ni prnmfnpcib bibobmta hn famasfbmzc pbr ic hbtbronmcznamb hbiib cznamn

snsonflb ic pbrnfaiasnt snsonfc hn dcsb hbi snta hn fastruznamb. Cttrcvbrsa

tcib gcttarb passndnib hbgnmnrb ib cznamn snsonflb hn prakbtta, nm dcsb ciib qucin

vciutcrb ni rnspbtta hbn hnvbrsn stctn inontb famsnhbrctn mbiib vbrngnflb.

Ib prnmfnpcin maroctnvb hn rngbrnobmta, hbgnmnsfama ic pbrnfaiasnt snsonfc nm

tbronmn hn cffbibrcznamb arnzzamtcib ocssnoc cttbsc cknm famhnznamn hn fcopa

indbra su snta hn rngbrnobmta rnknha fam supbrgnfnb tapakrcgnfc arnzzamtcib,

Vnta hn prakbtta


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8.4 Cznamb snsonfc

77

mamfl hn arhnmctb hbiia spbttra hn rnspastc bicstnfa nm cffbibrcznamb ch bssc

farrnspamhbmtb Vb(X), fam rngbrnobmta c prbgnssctb pradcdnint hn bffbhbmzc mbi pbrnaha hn rngbrnobmta WT.I'cznamb snsonfc kbmbrciobmtb fcrcttbrnzzctc hc 6 faopambmtn trcsicznamcin,

hub arnzzamtcin famtrcssbkmctb hc \ bh ^ bh umc vbrtnfcib famtrcssbkmctc hc

P, famsnhbrctb trc hn iara nmhnpbmhbmtn. Mbi prbsbmtb hafuobmta sn sama tbmutb

nm famta mbiic hbgnmnznamb hbiicznamb snsonfc ckbmtb suiibhngnfna ib saib

faopambmtn artakamcin flb hbsfrnvama ni oata arnzzamtcib, fcrcttbrnzzctb hciia

stbssa spbttra hn rnspastc.

Zbr ic hbgnmnznamb hbiib cznamn snsonflb hn prakbtta sn gctta rngbrnobmta c

qucmta nmhnfcta mbiic CDMX MDT 3284304::7, Maroc drcsnincmc flb rnpartc n

prnmfnpcin rbqunsntn pbr ic prakbttcznamb b ic vbrngnfc hn strutturb rbsnstbmtn ciib

cznamn snsonflb b n frntbrn pbr qucmtngnfcrb tcin cznamn.

Xcib maroctnvc hbgnmnsfb faob vciarn fcrcttbrnstnfn maonmcin pbr icznamb

snsonfc qubiin flb lcmma ni 3:% hn pradcdnint hn supbrcobmta hurcmtb umpbrnaha hn rngbrnobmta hn 2: cmmn, farrnspamhbmtb c um pbrnaha hn rntarma?8;2 cmmn.Sucmta saprc hbgnmnta rnsuitc bssbrb fabrbmtb fam ib prnmfnpcin maroctnvb hn

rngbrnobmta, faoprbsc ic MXF:< flb rnpartc, pbr n qucttra Vtctn inontb

famsnhbrctn mbn famgramtn hbiib cznamn snsonflb (VIA, VIH, VIW, VIF), ic

pradcdnint hn supbrcobmta mbi pbrnaha hn rngbrnobmta b ni farrnspamhbmtbpbrnaha hn rntarma ci vcrncrb hbi pbrnaha hn rngbrnobmta rnfcvcta cttrcvbrsaic sbkubmtb bqucznamb0

? 3

Sucmta saprc bspasta rnpartcta mbiic sbkubmtb tcdbiic rncssumtnvc.

Vtctn inontb Vtctn inontb hn bsbrfnzna (VIB)

VIA .2:WT

VIF 2% XT?3>.2WT48;2 cmmn


76/150


7;

8.4.4 Vpbttra hn rnspastc bicstnfa

Zbr ic hbgnmnznamb hbiib garob spbttrcin (spbttrn bicstnfn b spbttrn hn prakbtta) sn

gctta rngbrnobmta c qucmta nmhnfcta mbiic CDMX MDT 3284304::7, flb rnpartc

ic prafbhurc pbr ic hbtbronmcznamb hn tcin spbttrn.

Ia spbttra hn rnspastc bicstnfa nm cffbibrcznamb bsprbssa hc umc garoc

spbttrcib (spbttra marocinzzcta), farrnspamhbmtb ch um snstboc ch um krcha hn

indbrt fam uma soarzcobmta famvbmznamcib hbi 2%, oaitnpinfctc pbr ni vciarb

hbiic cffbibrcznamb arnzzamtcib ocssnoc ck su snta hn rngbrnobmta rnknha

arnzzamtcib. Vnc ic garoc spbttrcib flb ni vciarb hn ckvcrncma ci vcrncrb hbiic

pradcdnint hn supbrcobmta mbi pbrnaha hn rngbrnobmta b hbiic fctbkarnc hnsattasuaia.

Famsnhbrcmha flb ni snta hn prakbtta sn faiiafc mbiic Pamc :, faob oastrcta

mbiic zamcznamb rnpartctc mbi pcrckrcga prbfbhbmtb, bh fcrcttbrnzzcta hc

umcffbibrcznamb snsonfc arnzzamtcib fcrcttbrnstnfc marocinzzctc ck pcrn c

:.:42k, cttrcvbrsa ib sbkubmtn krcmhbzzb passndnib hbgnmnrb ia spbttra

bicstnfa b qubiia hn prakbtta0

?

?

havb0

b sama ib cffbibrcznamn spbttrcin rnspbttnvcobmtb pbr um pbrnaha hn:.: s b 3.: s nm fun sn kn famsnhbrcta i'bggbtta hn copingnfcznamb snsonfc hbi

suaia5

b sama n gcttarn hn copingnfcznamb snsonfc hbi suaia, rnspbttnvcobmtb pbrum pbrnaha hn :.: s b 3.: s, nm gumznamb hbiicffbibrcznamb fcrcttbrnstnfc hn

prakbtta ckb hbiic ficssb hn tbrrbma.

Mbiic tcdbiic sbkubmtb, flb rnpartc n vciarn hbn gcttarn hn copingnfcznamb snsonfc

hbi suaiab , sama stctn bvnhbmznctn n rbictnvn vciarn hn prakbtta.


77/150

8.4 Cznamb snsonfc

7

2 Octbrncin strutturcin

2.3 FcifbstruzzaFcrcttbrnstnflb sbfamha H.O. 38.3.4::< b RMN BM 3>>4-3-304::20

- Ficssb hn rbsnstbmzc0 F 4


89/150


90/150

7. Cznamn nmtbrmb b vbrngnflb


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7.4 Vaicna c pncstrc


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98/150


7.4.4.6

Wbrngnfc pumtucib oaobmta mbkctnva - hnrbznamb x

Hn sbkunta sn rnpartcma ic ocppc hbn oaobmtn hn [aah-Crobr (VIR) nm

farrnspamhbmzc hbi pnicstra pn saiibfntcta nm hnrbznamb x (oaobmta mbkctnva) b

ic vbrngnfc pumtucib hbiic rbictnvc crocturc.

Gnkurc 7.; Wbrngnfc pumtucib oaobmta mbkctnva - hnrbznamb x

Cvbmha sfbita hn oahbiicrb n pnicstrn faob cppakkn pumtngaron, ic vbrngnfc ci

oaobmta mbkctnva stctc famhattc vciutcmha faob vciarb ocssnoa qubiia

hbn oaobmtn c gnia hbi pnicstra pbr bvntcrb hn prbmhbrb nm famsnhbrcznamb vciarn

trappa bibvctn b mam rbcinstnfn hbn oaobmtn gibttbmtn saiibfntcmtn.

Gnkurc 7.< Wbrngnfc krcgnfc - hnrbznamb x

:

3::

4::

6::

8::

-6 -4 -3 : 3 4 6

OaobmtnVIRUeMo/o_

Hnstcmzc hcii'cssb Uo_

OBh,xx

OTh

Inontbfaiammc


99/150


>:

7.4.4.8

Wbrngnfc pumtucib oaobmta mbkctnva - hnrbznamb y

Hn sbkunta sn rnpartcma ic ocppc hbn oaobmtn hn [aah-Crobr (VIR) nm

farrnspamhbmzc hbi pnicstra pn saiibfntcta nm hnrbznamb y (oaobmta mbkctnva) b

ic vbrngnfc pumtucib hbiic rbictnvc crocturc.

Gnkurc 7.> Wbrngnfc pumtucib oaobmta mbkctnva - hnrbznamb y

Cvbmha sfbita hn oahbiicrb n pnicstrn faob cppakkn pumtngaron, ic vbrngnfc ci

oaobmta mbkctnva stctc famhattc vciutcmha faob vciarb ocssnoa qubiia

hbn oaobmtn c gnia hbi pnicstra pbr bvntcrb hn prbmhbrb nm famsnhbrcznamb vciarn

trappa bibvctn b mam rbcinstnfn hbn oaobmtn gibttbmtn saiibfntcmtn.

Gnkurc 7.3: Wbrngnfc krcgnfc - hnrbznamb y

:

3::

4::

6::

8::

-6 -4 -3 : 3 4 6

OaobmtnVIRUeMo/o_

Hnstcmzc hcii'cssb Uo_

OBh,yy

OTh

Inontbfaiammc


100/150


>3

7.4.6 Wbrngnfc c Xckina (VIR)

Ic vbrngnfc c tckina, hn fun sn rnpartc hn sbkunta ni praspbtta rncssumtnva, stctc

famhattc sbfamha ib nmhnfcznamn garmntb hciic RMN BM 3>>4-3-304::2 (BF4),

famsnhbrcmha mbi fcifaia hbiic rbsnstbmzc c tckina hn prakbtta umc strnsfnc

umntcrnc hn pncstrc.

Tbsnstbmzc fcrcttbrnstnfc fudnfc c faoprbssnamb Tfe 62.:: M/oo4

Tbsnstbmzc fcrcttbrnstnfc fninmhrnfc c faoprbssnamb gfe 4>.:2 M/oo4

Fabg. rbsnstbmzc c iumka tbronmb ff :.6 oo

4

Tcpparta kbaobtrnfa crocturc iamkntuhnmcib i :.::36 -

e 3. -

vonm :.44.;7 eM

WTh,f onm ;2.4.;7 eMWBTNGNFCXA


101/150


>4

7.4.8 Wbrngnfc ci Zumzamcobmta (VIR)

Ic vbrngnfc ci pumzamcobmta, hn fun sn rnpartc hn sbkunta ni praspbtta

rncssumtnva, stctc famhattc sbfamha ib nmhnfcznamn garmntb hciic

RMN BM 3>>4 -3-304::2 (BF4), famsnhbrcmha ni fcsa hn pnicstra pn saiibfntcta.

Cznamb cssncib suiic faiammc

Cznamb cssncib hc fcifaia MVIR 784.:: eM

Fabg. pasnznamb pnicstra d 3.32

Fabg. hnstrnduznamb mam umngarob tbmsnamn tcmkbmzncin c 3.3:Cznamb cssncib hn prakbtta MBh .:2 OZc

Crocturc famtbmutc mbiic sbznamb hn vbrngnfc nm hnrbznamb x Cx 8:


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Wbrngnfc c pumzamcobmta nm prbsbmzc hn crocturc spbfngnfc

Tbsnstbmzc hn smbrvcobmta bggbttnvc g ywh,bg 634.2: M/oo4

Nmfinmcznamb gbrrn c pumzamcobmta >: Crocturc onmnoc pbr umnt hn iumklbzzc Csw/sr 4.:: oo

4/oo

Hnstcmzc onmnoc prnoc sbrnb hciic faiammc c3,onm ;2 oo

Hnstcmzc ocssnoc prnoc sbrnb hciic faiammc c3,ocx 342 oo

Hnstcmzc prnoc sbrnb hciic faiammc f3


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7.4.2 Wbrngnfc hn Hbgarocdnint (VIB)

Ic vbrngnfc hbiinmgibssnamb hbi saicna, hn fun sn rnpartc hn sbkunta ni praspbtta

rncssumtnva, stctc famhattc sbfamha ib nmhnfcznamn garmntb hciic

RMN BM 3>>4 -3-304::2 (BF4).

Nm pcrtnfaicrb ni obtaha hn fcifaia chattcta vaita c rcpprbsbmtcrb fam

ockknar cffurctbzzc ni faopartcobmta rbcib hbiic strutturc satta ib cznamn

farrnspamhbmtn nm qucmta famsnhbrc mam gbssurctn kin bibobmtn flb sn rntbmkama

mam fcrnfctn aitrb ni invbiia flb pravafc ni supbrcobmta hbiic rbsnstbmzc c

trcznamb hbi fcifbstruzza nm qucisncsn pumta, obmtrb pbr kin bibobmtn flb sn

prbsuob sn gbssurnma, oc mam tatciobmtb, sn famsnhbrc um faopartcobmta

nmtbrobhna trc ib famhnznamn hn mam gbssurcznamb b hn faopibtc gbssurcznamb.

Zbr kin bibobmtn sakkbttn prbvcibmtbobmtb c gibssnamb, umc prbvnsnamb

chbkuctc hbi faopartcobmta hctc hciic sbkubmtb bsprbssnamb, trcttc hc

BF40

? + (3 )havb0

ni pcrcobtra hn hbgarocznamb hc famsnhbrcrb, flb pu bssbrb pbr bsbopnaumc hbgarocznamb, umc furvcturc a umc ratcznamb Umbi fcsa nm bscob

rcpprbsbmtc umnmgibssnamb_5

, sama rnspbttnvcobmtb vciarn hbi pcrcobtra fcifaictn mbiib npatbsn hnsbznamb mam gbssurctc b tatciobmtb gbssurctc5

um fabggnfnbmtb hn hnstrnduznamb (flb tnbmb famta hbi "tbmsnam-stnggbmnmk"mbiic sbznamb) hcta hciibsprbssnamb0

? 3

? : um fabggnfnbmtb flb tnbmb famta hbiinmgiubmzc hbiic hurctc hbi fcrnfa a hnfcrnfln rnpbtutn suiic hbgarocznamb obhnc0 ? 3.:pbr snmkaic cppinfcznamb hn fcrnfa hn drbvb hurctc, ? :.2pbr fcrnfln pbrocmbmtn a pbr fnfin hn fcrnfa rnpbtutn oaitb vaitb5 ic tbmsnamb mbiicffncna tbsa fcifaictc mbiinpatbsn hn sbznamb gbssurctc5 ic tbmsnamb mbiicffncna tbsa fcifaictc mbiinpatbsn hn sbznamb gbssurctcsatta ni fcrnfa flb pravafc ic gbssurcznamb.

Nmaitrb pbr n fcrnfln hn hurctc tcib hc prahurrb bggbttn vnsfasn, ic hbgarocznamb

tatcib, faoprbmsnvc hbiibggbtta hbiic vnsfasnt, stctc fcifaictc utninzzcmha um


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>2

oahuia hn bicstnfnt bggnfcfb hbi fcifbstruzza cttrcvbrsa ic sbkubmtb

bsprbssnamb0

,? 3 +(,)havb0

(,) ni fabggnfnbmtb hn vnsfasnt farrnspamhbmtb ci fcrnfa b ciinmtbrvciia hntbopa.

Zbr qucmta rnkucrhc ni fcifaia hbiib nmgibssnamn, ni obtaha hn fcifaia pn rnkarasa

famsnstbrbddb mbi fcifaicrb ic furvcturc nm pn sbznamn iumka icssb

hbiibibobmta b suffbssnvcobmtb hbtbronmcrb inmgibssnamb obhncmtb

nmtbkrcznamb muobrnfc. Mbi fcsa nm bscob, fabrbmtbobmtb fam ib nmhnfcznamnfamtbmutb mbiiBF4, sn nmvbfb sfbita hn fcifaicrb inmgibssnamb umc vaitc

mbiinpatbsn flb inmtbra bibobmta mam snc gbssurcta, umcitrc mbiinpatbsn flb ia

stbssa snc tatciobmtb gbssurcta, bggbttucmha suffbssnvcobmtb

umnmtbrpaicznamb trc n hub vciarn, cttrcvbrsa ibqucznamb rnpartctc ciinmnzna hbi

pcrckrcga, flb mbiic ockknarcmzc hbn fcsn rnsuitc kbmbrciobmtb cffbttcdnib.

KBAOBXTNC NOZCIFCXA

Iufb bibobmta I .2< fo4/o

Zbrfbmtucib kbaobtrnfc (Cs/dh) :.67%

Crocturc supbrnarb

Suatc obhnc crocturb supbrnarn h' 6.2 fo

Crocturc dcsb pcssa 4:.: fo

hncobtra 3: oo

Crocturc ckknumtnvc pcssa 4:.: fo

hncobtra : oo

Crocturc supbrnarb faopibssnvc C's 6.>6 fo4/o

Zbrfbmtucib kbaobtrnfc (C's/dh) :.32%


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>7

OCXBTNCIN

Fcifbstruzza

Tbsnstbmzc c faoprbssnamb fudnfc Tfe 62.: M/oo4

Tbsnstbmzc c faoprbssnamb fcrcttbrnstnfc gfe 4>.3 M/oo4

Tbsnstbmzc c faoprbssnamb obhnc gfo 6;.3 M/oo4

Tbsnstbmzc c trcznamb obhnc gfto 4.< M/oo4

tbmsnamb coonssndnib pbr VIB qucsn pbrocmbmtb f :.82 gfe36.3 M/oo4

Oahuia bicstnfa ci hnscroa Bf` 637;: M/oo4

Oahuia bicstnfa c 4< knarmn Bf4< 637;: M/oo4

Oahuia bicstnfa rnhatta (x vnsfasnt) c tbopa nmgnmnta Bfnmg 33236 M/oo4

Zbsa spbfngnfa fcifbstruzza crocta 42.:: eM/o4

Fabggnfnbmtb hn vnsfasnt

(gfo) 4.;7(t:) :.8>TL 3.6:

Fabggnfnbmtb hn vnsfasnt c tbopa nmgnmnta : 3.;2

Hctn codnbmtcin

Ronhnt rbictnvc TL


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>;

FCTCXXBTNVXNFLB VBPNAMCIN C XBOZA t:(hnscroa)

Vbznamb mam gbssurctc (stchna N)

Dcrnfbmtra (hcii'cita) yk:N 32.38 fo

Nmbrznc sbznamb nm fis Nf 442::: fo8/o

Nmbrznc sbznamb aoakbmbnzzctc NN 467784 fo8/o

[ sbznamb nm fis [f 32::: fo6/o

[ sbznamb aoakbmbnzzctc [N 32>44 fo6/o

Tnknhbzzc sbznamb fis Bf`Nf ;347 eMo4/o

Tnknhbzzc sbznamb aoakbmbnzzctc Bf`NN ;8>2 eMo4/o

Oaobmta hn gbssurcznamb sbznamb nm fis ofr,f 84.24 eMo/o

Oaobmta hn gbssurcznamb sbznamb aoakbmbnzzctc ofr,n 82.38 eMo/o

Vbznamb gbssurctc (stchna NN)

tbronmb hc hbgnmnrb ? :.;8.64%

Cssb mbutra x ;.;: fo

faarhnmctb crocturc supbrnarb y's? 8.4: fo

faarhnmctb crocturc nmgbrnarb ys? 3


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>3.4 M/oo4

Zbsa praprna strutturc k 3::.8 M/oo4

Fcrnfa pbrocmbmtb partcta (pcvnobmtcznamb) k3 24.3 M/oo4

Fcrnfa pbrocmbmtb partcta (hnvnsarn) k4 :.: M/oo4

Fcrnfa pbrocmbmtb partcta (citra) k6 :.: M/oo4

Fcrnfa vcrncdnib q 7;.8 M/oo4

Fcrnfln pbrocmbmtn VIBpbro 324.2 M/oo4

Fcrnfln qucsn pbrocmbmtn VIBq.pbro 3>>.; M/oo4

Xbmsnamn hbiib crocturb c tbopa nmgnmnta

Ciic gbssurcznamb 43.> M/oo4

Fcrnfln pbrocmbmtn VIBpbro 32


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FCIFAIA HBIIB GTBFFB NM GCVB GBVVRTCXC (pbr t?t:)

Grbffnc ci hnscroa (pbr saia pbsa praprna)

Farrbznamb grbffnc pbr stchna N mam gbssurcta :.>2

Copingnfcznamb grbffnc pbr stchna NN gbssurcta 7.;2

Grbffnc fcifaictc ch Bibobmtn Gnmntn gkBG 6.: oo

Grbffnc nm stchna N mam gbssurcta (sbznamb aoakbmbnzzctc) gkN 4.> oo

Grbffnc nm stchna NN gbssurcta (sbznamb aoakbmbnzzctc) gkNN? 4:.6 oo

Bggbtta hbii'chbrbmzc hbiib dcrrb 3? 3.:

Bggbtta hbiic hurctc hbi fcrnfa 4? 3.:

Xbmsnamb mbii'cffncna tbsa (nm sbznamb gbssurctc) s 3::.8 M/oo4

Xbmsnamb mbii'cffncna tbsa (nm sbznamb gbssurctc) pbr ofr sr 3>3.4 M/oo4

Fabggnfnbmtb hn hnstrnduznamb :.::

Grbffnc ci hnscroa pbr pbsa pra

D.BRUCIAFREDDO -Concept Design e Progettazione Di Una Torre a S.paolo

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