ROMA, 4 Settembre 2010

CQN–FIPAV SDS

DARIO RIVA

International Society of Proprioception and Posture

ROMA, 4 Settembre 2010

CQN–FIPAV SDS

DARIO RIVA

International Society of Proprioception and Posture

● A che cosa serve la propriocezione?

● Come allenare la propriocezione?

● Gli effetti sono esercizio “specifici”?

● Gli effetti sono “dose-dipendenti”?

FIGURE SKATINGFour times world champion and Olympic champion

Top level vertical control in a four times world champion and Olympic champion

Proprioception in Proprioception in microgravitymicrogravity

First Non-Governative Zero-G Science Flight10 Aprile 2005 Miami FL, USA

22 secondsMartiangravity

22 secondsZero-G

x 21 times

22 secondsLunargravity

Muscular Atrophy Prevention and Recovery through Visual-Proprioception

81.5%81.5%

D. Riva, et al., Acta Astronautica 65 (2009) 813-819.Postural muscle atrophy prevention and recovery and bone remodelling through high frequency proprioception for astronauts.

In 1972 when he was 19 years old a viral desease In 1972 when he was 19 years old a viral desease

distroyed his proprioceptive fibers coming from spindles, tendondistroyed his proprioceptive fibers coming from spindles, tendons s

and joints.and joints.

He can feel temperature, pain, deep pressure and muscle fatigue.He can feel temperature, pain, deep pressure and muscle fatigue.

He lost the conscious and unconscious proprioceptive sensibilitHe lost the conscious and unconscious proprioceptive sensibility. y.

He can be aware of movements or of the segment position only He can be aware of movements or of the segment position only

with sight.with sight.

Ian WatermanIan Waterman

Hampshire, EnglandHampshire, England

Proprioceptive flowProprioceptive flow Muscle toneMuscle toneMuscle trophismMuscle trophism

Mechanical load Mechanical load (compression)(compression)

Mechanical loadMechanical load(traction)(traction)

NegativeNegative

structural remodellingstructural remodelling

Absence ofAbsence ofLoadLoadInstabilityInstability

Absence ofAbsence of terrestrial gravityterrestrial gravity

D. Riva, et al., Acta Astronautica, 65 (2009), 813-819. Postural muscle atrophy prevention and recovery and bone remodelling through high frequency proprioception for astronauts.

• Propriocettivo

il più

rapido

• Visivo

il più

preciso

• Vestibolare il più

tardivo e violento

*

**

Sistema di precisione Sistema di precisione

**

Sistema di emergenzaSistema di emergenza

*

Controllo posturale e gestione del movimento Controllo posturale e gestione del movimento

Sistemi Sistemi informativiinformativi coinvolticoinvolti

Congenital absence of labyrinthsvestibularstrategy vestibular

strategy: impossible

Sherrington 1906Sherrington 1906

What is What is proprioceptionproprioception??

It is the flow of signals which arises from our It is the flow of signals which arises from our muscles, tendons, joints, muscles, tendons, joints, …………....

Propriocezione:Propriocezione: due componentidue componenti

coscientecoscienteincoscienteincosciente

**

Dalla periferia solo Dalla periferia solo UNUN

segnale su segnale su un milioneun milione

riesce riesce a passare il filtro e a raggiungere il livello coscientea passare il filtro e a raggiungere il livello cosciente

Visual tracking

Visuo-proprioceptive test

Electronic rocking board

Postural reader

What is the first goal of the control system of movement on Earth?

World sport champions

Middle level athletes

Astronauts

Elderly people

Motor impaired subjects

Conscious task: foot hyperextension Top priority (unconscious): finding stability

ENTROPY IN SPORT DISCPLINES

6.5

8.8 8.9 8.9 9.3 9.4 9.1

10.8

4.94.94.74.64.13.83.62.8

5.16.2

7.3 8.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

0.71.5

FIGU

RE S

KATI

NG

0.91.8

ALPI

NE S

KIIN

G

0.6

1.8

ICE

DANC

ING

1.0

2.2

SOCC

ER

0.71.8

SKY

RUNN

ING

Alpi

ne S

kiin

g IT

. NAT

. Tea

m W

Artis

tic G

ymna

stic

s IT

. NAT

. Tea

m M

Saili

ng IT

. NAT

. Tea

m

Cros

s Co

untry

IT. N

AT. T

eam

M

Alpi

ne S

kiin

g IT

. NAT

. Tea

m M

Figu

re S

katin

g IT

. NAT

. Tea

mVo

lleyb

all A

1 W

Socc

er C

ham

pion

s Le

ague

Fin

alis

t

Snow

boar

ding

IT. N

AT. T

eam

12.8

7.4

Top

Swim

mer

s 15

-18y

s

13.8

7.4

Row

ing

Unde

r 18

8.3

14.7

Scub

a Di

ving

Inst

ruct

ors

degr

ees

Postural instabilityEntropy

World Champion

Three times World Champion and Olympic Champion

Rhyt

hmic

Gym

nast

ics

IT. N

AT. T

eam

W

World Champion and Olympic Champion

D. Riva, et al., Acta Astronautica 65 (2009) 813-819. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.03.023Postural muscle atrophy prevention and recovery and bone remodelling through high frequency proprioception for astronauts.

Middle entropy level

Very low entropy level

High entropy

Entropy* of a systemEntropy* of a system

* disorder

Lower is the entropy, higher is the expressible energyLower is the entropy, higher is the expressible energy

Cheetah vs gazelle Cheetah vs gazelle ––

The gazeThe gaze

What does it maintain efficient What does it maintain efficient antigravity movementsantigravity movements

in wild animals?in wild animals?

Coupling Coupling loadload

and and instabilityinstability

is indispensableis indispensable

but most part of modern human activities are unablebut most part of modern human activities are unable……

Quando c’è

instabilità…

Quali contromisure?

Anziani Atleti Campioni del mondo e Olimpici

ENTROPY LEVEL ENTROPY LEVEL in terrestrial activityin terrestrial activity

Medium athletes

Sedentary Adults

Sedentary elderly

Top athletesin land disciplines

Pe

rfo

rma

nce

High

lowEntropy

Entropy

Entropy

Precautionary strategy

Entropy

Entropy

Aspetti biomeccaniciAspetti biomeccanici

Rolling point of support

Rocking Rocking --

rollingrolling

D. Riva, et al., Acta Astronautica 65 (2009) 813-819. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.03.023Postural muscle atrophy prevention and recovery and bone remodelling through high frequency proprioception for astronauts.

Riva, Soardo et al., 1999Riva, Soardo et al., 1999

Tavole Tavole ““BASCULANTIBASCULANTI””

Tavole Tavole ““OSCILLANTIOSCILLANTI””

TAVOLE OSCILLANTI AMMORTIZZATE-FRENATE

Punto di appoggio fisso

Struttura pneumatica gonfiabile

Centro di rotazione fissoCoincidenti

MOLLE

Ammortizzatori oleodinamiciPro-kin

Aspetti neurofisiologiciAspetti neurofisiologici

Il tracking visivoIl tracking visivo

Come una lingua stranieraCome una lingua straniera……

Visual Tracking

Tracking visivo e alta frequenzaTracking visivo e alta frequenza

Latenza meccanicaLatenza meccanica

alta frequenza alta frequenza di situazioni biomeccanichedi situazioni biomeccanichedoppio movimentodoppio movimento

rockingrocking

rollingrolling

possibilitpossibilitàà di di arrestarearrestare--invertireinvertire il movimento di il movimento di inclinazione/rotolamento della tavola in tempi brevissimiinclinazione/rotolamento della tavola in tempi brevissimi((latenzalatenza

meccanica ininfluentemeccanica ininfluente))

REQUISITI MINIMI REQUISITI MINIMI per una riprogrammazione propriocettiva per una riprogrammazione propriocettiva

efficaceefficace

Riva et al., 1999Riva et al., 1999

Allenare il disordineAllenare il disordine

OBBIETTIVI

● ARTICOLARITA’

-

GROUNDING

● CONTROLLO

● ENDURANCE

● RIMODELLAMENTO STRUTTURALE

110

PROPRIOCEPTIVE DOORSPROPRIOCEPTIVE DOORS

High instability

Medium instability

Low instability

80

55

PROPRIOCEPTIVE DOORSPROPRIOCEPTIVE DOORS

11080 55

110

PROPRIOCEPTIVE PROPRIOCEPTIVE DOORDOORS FOR ATHLETESS FOR ATHLETES

Hyper-instability

High instability

Medium instability

Low instability

80

55

45

Range explorationForce oriented

Proprioceptive trainingwithout sight

The effectiveness is dipending on:

● Frequency of instability

● Joint range exploration:

► static limit exploration

► dynamic exploration

● Working volume

● Working density

LOOP STRATEGY

LOOP STRATEGY

L’allenamento propriocettivo

deve essere

è meglio che sia

non deve essere

sportsport--specificospecifico??

Dynamic joint range explorationDynamic joint range exploration

Range explorationsingle axis

supination

-12°

leftLatero-lateral

Range explorationsingle axis

pronation

-8°

rightLatero-lateral

Range exploration

single axis

+8°

-8°Antero-posterior right