Come motivare all’apprendimento: una didattica dell’esperienza.

5/13/2018 Come motivare all’apprendimento: una didattica dell’esperienza. - slidepdf.com

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Johk ho}`qnrk nii‐nwwrklm`hkl}o5 {ln m`mn}}`jn mkii‐kzwkr`klun

C`{i`nln Znlmrolk

>, @i wrobikhn mkiin ho}`qnuòlk `l}krwkiin ~{kiio mkiin m`mn}}`jn

Nbb`nho nq{}o homo m` ràik}}krk `kr` z{ johk ì wrobikhn mkiin

ho}`qnuòlk nii‐nwwrklm`hkl}o r`jd`nh` m`qkrz` i`qkii` m` jolznwkqoikuun5

kz`z}k in ~{kz}òlk mkiin ho}`qnuòlk mki z`lcoio nii`kqo jol }{}}k ik z{k

jnrn}}kr`z}`jdk ~{kiin mkii‐nii`kqo jdk an wnr}k m` {l cr{wwo(jinzzk km

`la`lk in ho}`qnuòlk m` {l nii`kqo jdk jol ì z{o cr{wwo(jinzzk an wnr}k m`

{l‐orcnlùunuòlk johwikzzn i‐`z}`}{uòlk zjoinz}`jn, Znrkbbk

zkhwi`j`z}`jo nlniùunrk zkwnrn}nhkl}k ~{kz}` }rk i`qkii` o ~{nl}ohklo

lol nqkrk jolznwkqoikuun mkiik ioro `l}krrkinuòl`,

I‐`l}krrkinuòlk w`ð aor}k jdk j` jolzkl}k m` naarol}nrk ì wrobikhn mn {l

w{l}o m` q`z}n m`mn}}`jo w{ò kzzkrk in zkc{kl}k5 in jkl}rni`}ç mkii‐nii`kqo

johk wkrzoln {hnln wkrzoln joljrk}n n{}olohn or`c`lnik {l`}nr`n

joiiojn}n lki z{o holmo jdk z` rkinuòln jol {ln o w`ð wkrzolk jdk n

ioro qoi}n dnllo ik z}kzzk jnrn}}kr`z}`jdk m` n{}oloh`n or`c`lni }ç k{l`}nr`k}ç, M{k }nl}` holm` jdk z` `ljol}rnlo k mki`lknlo l{oqn zakrk m`

rkni}ç,

In wkrzolniùunuòlk johk j{ork mki wrojkzzo km{jn}`qo m{l~{k johk

jr`}krò c{`mn mkii‐`l}kluòlni`}ç km{jn}`qn n wnr}`rk mn j`nzj{l nii`kqo k

[L@QKRZ@]Ç MKCI@ Z][M@ M@ BKRCNHO

JKL]RO m` N]KLKO wkr in[NI@]Ç mkii‐@LZKCLNHKL]O k mkii‐NWWRKLM@HKL]O



jdk lkjkzznr`nhkl}k z` ràik}}k n i`qkiio m` jinzzk k m` orcnlùunuòlk

`z}`}{uòlnik, Wroq`nho nm kzwi`j`}nrk,Wkrjdà `lzkclnrk? K‐ {ln wr`hn mohnlmn n j{` ä z}rk}}nhkl}k ikcn}n {ln

zkjolmn5 wkrjdà nwwrklmkrk? Kq`mklu`nho m{k r`zwoz}k wozz`bì` niin

wr`hn mohnlmn r`zwoz}k jdk r`hnlmnlo n wkrjorz` hoi}o m`qkrz` lki

wrojkzzo jdk i` rkniùun k wrobnbìhkl}k lkci` kz`}` jdk wrom{jolo

n, wkrjdà ` h`k` nii`kq` `hwnr`lo bklk in m`zj`wi`ln m` z}{mò m` j{` h`

ojj{wob, wkrjdà ` h`k` nii`kq` zqì{ww`lo ik ioro jnwnj`}ç k ik }rnzaorh`lo `l

johwk}kluk wkrzolni` {}ìùunlmo j`ò jdk `lzkclo ioro,

Zk in r`zwoz}n ä in wr`hn z`nho m` arol}k nm {ln `l}kluòlni`}ç km{jn}`qn

qoi}n nm njj{i}{rnrk n anr wnr}kj`wk i‐nii`kqo m` {l wn}r`holò j{i}{rnik

jdk io wrkjkmk k io zoqrnz}n, Io zc{nrmo qn nii‐nii`kqo n}}rnqkrzo in

m`zj`wi`ln, Mk}}o ni}r`hkl}` n}}rnqkrzo ci` ’ojjd`ni`‘ mkiin wrowr`n

m`zj`wi`ln ì mojkl}k c{nrmn i‐nii`kqo k nc`zjk m` jolzkc{klun, ^{nl}o

~{kz}n wrozwk}}`qn z`n occ` wojo a{luòlnik niin ho}`qnuòlk znww`nho,

Zk in r`zwoz}n ä in zkjolmn io zc{nrmo qn niin m`zj`wi`ln n}}rnqkrzo

i‐nii`kqo ì mojkl}k `lmozzn ’ojjd`ni`‘ jdk hk}}olo `llnlu` }{}}o n a{ojo

i‐nii`kqo ik z{k jnrn}}kr`z}`jdk ` z{o` b`zocl` ‡ n j{` z` r`zwolmk

n}}rnqkrzo in m`zj`wi`ln, Z`nho m` arol}k nm {ln `l}kluòlni`}ç km{jn}`qn

qoi}n n wkrzolniùunrk) n hk}}krk i‐nii`kqo lkiin jolmùòlk m` wo}kr

n}}r`b{`rk zklzo ni wn}r`holò j{i}{rnik jdk ci` q`klk hkzzo n

m`zwozùòlk m` wo}kr mnrk z`clà`jn}o ni wrowrò nwwrklmkrk ${zo

i‐kzwrkzzòlk mkiin wozz`bì`}ç wkrjdà in wrkmk}krh`lnuòlk

mkii‐nwwrklm`hkl}o ä `hwozz`bìk nljdk zk qklcolo hkzzk `l jnhwo }{}}k

ik z}rn}kc`k h`ciòr`‡),



Hn ä kq`mkl}k jdk zk `laorjo ~{kz}` ’ojjd`ni`‘ lol zoio johk mojkl}k lkirnwwor}o jol ì hò nii`kqo hn johk mojkl}k jdk dn nihklo {l cr{wwo m`

nii`kq` k johk mojkl}k jdk wrock}}n jol ` joiikcd` wkr i‐km{jnuòlk m` }{}}`

ci` nii`kq` khkrcolo m{k joljk}}` jdk zolo `lzkwnrnbì` mn ~{kiio mkiin

wkrzolniùunuòlk5 i‐owuòlni`}ç k in aikzz`bì`}ç, Lol w{ò kzzkrj`

wkrzolniùunuòlk zklun {ln owuòlni`}ç m` wkrjorz` m` nwwrklm`hkl}o jdk

m`n in wozz`bì`}ç m` zjki}n nii‐nii`kqo k niin z{n anh`ci`n6 jozé johk lolw{ò kzzkrj` owuòlni`}ç zklun aikzz`bì`}ç m` orcnlùunuòlk m`mn}}`jn,

Z`nho lki j{ork mki wrobikhn mkiin wkrzolniùunuòlk jozé m`bn}}{}o `l

~{kz}` nll` `l @}ni`n ~{nz` injkrn}o `mkoioc`jnhkl}k aorzk zklun kzzkrk

jolznwkqoi` jdk ~{kz}o }khn ä ni jkl}ro mki m`bn}}`}o wkmncoc`jo

`l}krlnuòlnik ocl` ~{ni qoi}n ` m`qkrz` z`z}kh` km{jn}`q` z` `l}krrocnlo

z{iin ioro a{luòlni`}ç ni zkrqùò mk` j`}}nm`l`,

^{nijdk z}r{hkl}o wkr }roqnrk r`zwoz}k j` q`klk mniin m`mn}}`jn `l}kzn

johk wrojkzzo jdk orcnlùun i‐`lzkclnhkl}o wkr anqor`rk

i‐nwwrklm`hkl}o hn lol io mk}krh`ln $j‐ä m` hkuuo `lan}}` in i`bkr}ç

mkii‐nii`kqo) hk}}k `l jnhwo ik h`ciòr` jolmùòl` wkr anqor`rk

i‐nwwrklm`hkl}o joz}r{`zjk {l nhb`kl}k `l crnmo m` anrk doim`lc `l}orlo

nci` zaoru` m` jrkzj`}n m` j`nzj{lo,

2, In jolozjklun k in jolznwkqoikuun m`mn}}`jn

[l nwwrojjò kzji{z`qnhkl}k kw`z}khoioc`jo mkiin m`mn}}`jn nwwi`jn}n `l

{l nhb`kl}k aorhnik }{}}o jkl}rn}o z{iin jolozjklun mk` jol}kl{}`

m`zj`wi`lnr` k z{iik zwkjà`j`}ç kw`z}khoioc`jdk nwwnrk jkr}nhkl}k

lkjkzznrò hn lol z{aa`j`kl}k wkr rklmkr jol}o mkiin johwikzz`}ç mki

aklohklo km{jn}`qo, Kz`z}k {l nwwrojjò z`z}kh`jo oi`z}`jo



nii‐nwwrklm`hkl}o jdk }`klk jol}o mkii‐{l`}ç mkiin wkrzoln k mki znwkrk

jdk }rnqni`jn in zkwnrn}kuun njjnmkh`jn mkiik m`zj`wi`lk, ^{kz}onwwrojjò lol w{ò lol }klkrk jol}o mkiin johwikzz`}ç mki rnwwor}o jdk

{l`zjk i‐n}}o m` `lzkclnrk k i‐n}}o m` nwwrklmkrk mkci` kikhkl}` m` jol}kz}o

jdk `lkq`}nbìhkl}k kl}rnlo `l còjo lkiik m`qkrzk z`}{nuòl`, Wi{rni`}ç m`

nwwrojj` m{l~{k jdk r`jd`kmolo m` nqq`j`lnrk n ~{kiio kw`z}khoioc`jo

{l nwwrojjò wz`joioc`jo5 in wrozwk}}`qn m`mn}}`jn znimnhkl}k `l}rkjj`n}n

jol ~{kiin wkmncoc`jn i‐n}}kluòlk nii‐nii`kqo jdk nwwrklmk m`qkl}n}{}}‐{lo jol ~{kiin niin wkrzoln mkii‐nii`kqo ä i‐n}}kluòlk mki mojkl}k

jdk mn }kjl`jo mkii‐`lzkclnhkl}o m`qkl}n wroakzzòl`z}n ràikzz`qo `l

crnmo m` coqkrlnrk in rkinuòlk km{jn}`qn jdk z` kzwi`j`}n lkiin

hkm`nuòlk m`mn}}`jn,

’@i wrobikhn m`mn}}`jo aolmnhkl}nik woz}o mniin m`zj`wi`ln m` z}{mò

nii‐n}}kluòlk mkii‐`lzkclnl}k $‡) m`qkl}n ~{kiio m` ¦znwkrk¶ i‐`l}rkjjò

joz}nl}k }rn m`hklzòlk kz`z}klu`nik kqoi{}`qn mki zocck}}o k ioc`jn

`l}r`lzkjn m` zqì{wwo mkiin zj`klun }rn ¦zocck}}o¶ jdk wklzn ci`

¦occk}}`¶ zj`kl}à`j` jdk ci` qklcolo wrowoz}` k jol}roiio jdk }nik wklz`kro

zocck}}`qo lol ni}kr` in ln}{rn k i‐`mkl}`}ç kw`z}kh`jn mkii‐¦occk}}o¶

zj`kl}à`jo `l ~{kz}òlk }rn wrojkzz` wkrzolni` mkiin jolozjklun k wromo}}`

zoj`ni` mki wklz`kro, Johk k n ~{ni` jolmùòl` ik m{k wrozwk}}`qk z`

wozzolo `l}kcrnrk k lol rkz}nrk kz}rnlkk? K‐ wozz`bìk k johk lkiin

zj{oin }nl}o w`ð jol zocck}}` `l k}ç kqoi{}`qn lol }rn}}nrk in r`jkrjn

zj`kl}à`jn $zj`klun) niin z}rkc{n m` jol}kl{}` hn}kr`ni` $hn}kr`n) hn

{}ìùunrin zklun }rnm`rin lkiin z{n johwikzz`}ç johk ojjnzòlk wkr

wroh{oqkrk wrojkzz` q`}ni` m` nwwrklm`hkl}o k m` wklz`kro $m`zj`wi`ln m`

z}{mò)? Johk anqor`rk i‐nwwrklm`hkl}o wkrzolnik zklun bnlniùunrk jol

m`z}orzòl` k zkhwià`jnuòl` in ln}{rn mkci` ¦occk}}` m` z}{mò¶



`mkl}à`jn}` mniik zj`kluk jol io zwkzzork mk` ioro hk}om` k mk` ioro

i`lc{ncc`? Lol z` an}`jn nm `hhnc`lnrk jdk qoikr `lzkclnrk wr`q` m`~{kz}o ¦znwkrk¶ kzwolk n` r`zjd` mki qkiik`}nr`zho k mkiin jnz{ni`}ç

jolozj`}`qn>‘,

K‐ kq`mkl}k jdk ~{` lol ä }nl}o ~{kz}òlk m` hk}omoioc`n ~{nl}o m`

`l}kluòlni`}ç k z{b`}o mowo m` jolznwkqoik z}r{hkl}ni`}ç,

:, [ln m`mn}}`jn mkii‐kzwkr`klun oqqkro ‡ inborn}or`nik

^{nlmo wnrio m` kzwkr`klun lol wnrio kzji{z`qnhkl}k m` kzwkr`klun a`z`jn

hn `l}klmo i‐kzwkr`klun jocl`}`qn naak}}`qn ‡ mkii‐nii`kqo k zowrn}}{}}o

lol wnrio m` kzwkr`klun kh`lkl}khkl}k zjoinz}`jn, Zk johk m`jkqnho

i‐ob`k}}`qo mki wrojkzzo m` `lzkclnhkl}o(nwwrklm`hkl}o ä io zqì{wwo m`

johwk}kluk wkrzolni` {ln mkiik wrkojj{wnuòl` wrock}}{ni` mki mojkl}k ä

~{kiin m` mka`l`rk z`}{nuòl` m` johw`}o nmn}}k n anr khkrckrk mn wnr}k

mkii‐nii`kqo ik johwk}kluk zqì{wwn}k,

Johk m`jk B, Rkp2 ’In johwk}klun kzzklmo m`rk}}n niin rkniùunuòlk m`

{l johw`}o ä {ln m`zwozùòlk nm {l ’anrk‘ k lol n mkiik jolozjkluk

mkiik rnwwrkzkl}nuòl` mkci` z}n}` a`z`j` o hkl}ni`, Bkl `l}kzo ~{kz}n

nuòlk w{ò kzzkrk z`n {l‐nuòlk `l}kiik}}{nik jdk {l‐nuòlk a`z`jn $‡), J`ò

jdk jol}n ~{` ä jdk zolo mkiik nuòl` k jdk johk }ni` kzzk r`jd`kmolo {ln

hobì`}nuòlk mki zocck}}o wkr in rkniùunuòlk m` {lo zjowo $‡), Hn

oi}rk n ~{kz}o in rkmnuòlk `l }krh`l` m` johwk}klun m` j`ò jdk mkqk kzzkrk

h`rn}o mn wnr}k mkii‐nuòlk wkmncoc`jn mkii‐`lzkclnl}k moqrkbbk `lj`}nrk

> >, C, Bkr}ncln @lzkclnhkl}o k }kor`n mkii‐`lzkclnhkl}o `l NN,QQ, In aorhnuòlk mkci` `lzkclnl}`,

Zj`kluk mkii‐km{jnuòlk k wroakzzòlni`}ç mojkl}k [}k} ]or`lo 2772 ww, >;3(>;42 B, Rkp k} ni`` Ikz johwà}kljkz ç i‐àjoik Br{tkiikz mk Bokjf 277: `l H, Wkiikrkp ) Ik johwk}kluk

`lm`q`m{ni` k ì Wor}aoiò) In L{oqn @}ni`n 277=



~{kz}‐{i}`ho n hoi}`wi`jnrk ik z`}{nuòl` wkmncoc`jdk `l j{` ci` nii`kq`

mkqolo kzzkrk `l n}}`q`‘,In wnr}`joinr`}ç wrowr`n mkiin m`mn}}`jn inborn}or`nik `lan}}` z}n lki

wrowoz`}o m` mnr q`}n nm {ln z}rn}kc`n o nm {l wrock}}o `l}kluòlnik mn

joljrk}ùunrk n}}rnqkrzo nuòl` orcnlùun}k mo}n}k m` wrobikhn}`j`}ç k m`

z`clà`jn}o wkr i‐nii`kqo jdk ik johw`k5 ci` ni{ll` z` }roqnlo n rncòlnrk n

jolarol}nrz` z{ johw`}` rkni` k nljdk ~{nlmo zolo lkjkzznr` wkrjorz`

m`mn}}`j` qoi}` n mnrk z`z}khn}`j`}ç m`zj`wi`lnrk nci` nwwrklm`hkl}` o nmkzkrj`}nrk zwkjà`jdk nbì`}ç ~{kz}k qklcolo `lzkr`}k `l {l jol}kz}o jdk

wor}n i‐ni{llo n ’mnrk zklzo‘ n ~{kiio jdk z}n anjklmo wkrjdà lk

zwkr`hkl}n ik wozz`bì`}ç nwwi`jn}`qk `l {l jol}kz}o q`}nik lk johwrklmk `

joiikcnhkl}` jol ik ni}rk m`zj`wi`lk nii‐`l}krlo m` {ln ioc`jn `lakrklu`nik

jdk inqorn w`ð z{iik uolk m` jola`lk jdk z{i jkl}ro mkii‐kw`z}khoioc`n

mkiin m`zj`wi`ln z}kzzn, Mniin z`}{nuòlk wrobikhn}`jn k mniin ràikzzòlk

`l}kii`ckl}k zjn}{r`zjk {l wrojkzzo m`lnh`jo k joz}r{}}`qo `l j{` i‐ni{llo

q`klk zoz}kl{}o mnii‐`lzkclnl}k jdk io `lm`rùun io zoiikj`}n niin zjowkr}n

mk` wkrjorz` wozz`bì` k m`qkrckl}` io zoz}`klk lkiin an}`jn m` naarol}nrk ik

màa`joi}ç mki joz}r{`rk ì wrowrò nwwrklm`hkl}o6 jol}khwornlknhkl}k

nii‐`l}krlo m` ~{kz}o wrojkzzo z` n}}`qnlo rkinuòl` m` nwwrklm`hkl}o

joowkrn}`qo }rn ci` nii`kq` jdk johwolcolo ì cr{wwo z`n kzzo cr{wwo

jinzzk o cr{wwo aorhn}o `l bnzk n jr`}kr` m`qkrz` $i`qkiio johw`}o

`l}krkzzk), Mki rkz}o zk ä qkro jdk in hkl}k {hnln dn {l‐n}}`}{m`lk

zwol}nlkn nm `l}kcrnrk k n jol}kz}{niùunrk in zj{oin dn ì johw`}o m`

zqì{wwnrin m` n`{}nrk ci` ni{ll` nm orcnlùunrk jolozjkluk km nbì`}ç

m`qkrzk kq`}nlmo z}krì` km `lz`clà`jnl}` njj{h{inuòl`, I‐orcnlùunuòlk

mkiik jolozjkluk k mkiik nbì`}ç `l {ln ioc`jn m` ’z`clà`jn}o‘ wkr jol}ro

m`qkl}n {l wrojkzzo j`rjoinrk jdk johwor}n i‐nwwi`jnuòlk jol}`l{n m`



wrojkm`hkl}` ioc`j` m` jollkzzòlk k zkwnrnuòlk jol {ln jol}`l{n

`hwi`jnuòlk owkrn}`qn m` nlni`z` k z`l}kz` m` joiikcnhkl}o k zkwnrnuòlk,@i wklz`kro jdk jozé z` zqì{wwn n}}{nlmo jol}`l{k owkrnuòl` ioc`jdk

z{iik jolozjkluk k z{iik nbì`}ç m`qkl}n jnwnjk m` r`jolozjkrk i‐{l`}ç

nii‐`l}krlo mkiin m`qkrz`}ç k q`jkqkrzn in m`qkrz`}ç nii‐ l}krlo mkii‐{l`}ç,

Lk jolzkc{k jdk n}}`qnrk lkiin zj{oin wkrjorz` m` m`mn}}`jn inborn}or`nik

z`clà`jn worrk i‐nii`kqo lkiin jolmùòlk m` jol`{cnrk ik wnr}` m` {l

wrobikhn jol in ciobni`}ç mki wrobikhn hkmkz`ho lkiin jolznwkqoikuunjdk ocl` wnr}k homà`jn ì }{}}o k q`jkqkrzn `lm`wklmkl}khkl}k mni an}}o

m` kzzkrk `l {ln z`}{nuòlk m` n{in o m` inborn}orò $`l zklzo zwnu`nik)6 in

m`mn}}`jn inborn}or`nik m`qkl}n m{l~{k in ’lorhnik‘ n}}`q`}ç m`mn}}`jn

nc`}n zkjolmo nwwrojj` hk}omoioc`j` m`qkrz` n zkjolmn mkiik z`}{nuòl` k

mkii‐occk}}o m` z}{mò, @l ~{kz}o zklzo ojjorrk niiorn owkrnrk nij{lk

zo}}oi`lkn}{rk5

• lol ä wozz`bìk wnrinrk m` ’Inborn}orò‘ zoio johk m` {l i{oco

n}}rkuun}o nm doj zkwnrn}o mniin ’lorhnik‘ n}}`q`}ç m‐n{in a`lniùun}o

nii‐nj~{`zùòlk m` wnr}`joinr` jolozjkluk km nbì`}ç zk lol io z`

joiiojn `l {ln jorl`jk m` nwwrklm`hkl}o {l`}nrò jdk hnl}klcn ì

’zklzo‘ mkii‐occk}}o m` z}{mò

• lol ä {l ’}khwo zkwnrn}o‘ mn ni}r` }khw` mkiin zj{oin hn z` rkniùun

z`n jol ì cr{wwo jinzzk z`n jol cr{ww` aorhn}` `l bnzk nm ni}r` jr`}kr`

• in m`mn}}`jn inborn}or`nik w{ò nqkrk {l occk}}o m` z}{mò

`l}krm`zj`wi`lnrk jdk {}ìùun johk z` ä mk}}o `lakrkluk nlnioc`k

ioc`jdk kw`z}khoioc`jdk m` ’jola`lk‘ hn w{ò ni}rkzé nqkrk {l

occk}}o m` z}{mò holom`zj`wi`lnrk nii‐`l}krlo mki ~{nik i‐nii`kqo

c{`mn}o mni mojkl}k r`zjowrk }{}}n i‐`l}kcr`}ç mkii‐nwwrklm`hkl}o lkiik

z{k `la`l`}k jollkzzòl`



• ì znwkrk ì anrk ràikzz`qo i‐ kzzkrk jdk jnrn}}krùunlo ~{ni{l~{k

wkrjorzo m` m`mn}}`jn inborn}or`nik r`jd`kmolo joz}nl}khkl}k ìjo`lqoic`hkl}o mkiin }o}ni`}ç mkiin wkrzoln {hnln lkiin z{n `l}kcr`}ç

~{`lm` lol zoio mkii‐ n}}`q`}ç jocl`}`qn là zoio m` ~{kiin jorworkn o

hnl{nik là zoio m` ~{kiin rkinuòlnik ( naak}}`qn5 zolo wrozwk}}`qk

m`qkrzk }kl{}k joz}nl}khkl}k `lz`khk mniin wroakzzòlni`}ç ràikzz`qn

mki mojkl}k,

]{}}o j`ò z`clà`jn jdk lol ä z{aa`j`kl}k nwwrol}nrk inborn}or` n}}rkuun}`{}ìùunrk r`zorzk nmkc{n}k z}{m`nrk }khw` nwwoz`}` wkr rkniùunrk

{l‐n}}`q`}ç m` inborn}or`{h ni}krln}`qn n ~{kiin m` n{m`}or`{h) r`}kl{}n

wkrni}ro `lkq`}nbìk6 in za`mn jornccòzn z}n lkii‐naakrhnuòlk jdk ’anrk

inborn}orò‘ ä wozz`bìk zkhwrk `l ~{niz`nz` jolmùòlk z`n w{r jol

hnccòr` o h`lor` màa`joi}ç }{}}k ik qoi}k `l j{` i‐nii`kqo z` kzwr`hk wkr

}{}}o ~{kiio jdk ä hkl}k jorwo naak}}`q`}ç k rkinuòlk `hwnrn anjklmo

~{nijozn jdk io `l}krkzzn `l}krnc`zjk jol ` wnr` r`}roqn n}}rnqkrzo

`l}kii`ckl}k k c{`mn}n ràikzzòlk zklzo k zjowo m` j`ò jdk an `lz`khk jol

ci` ni}r`,

=, In m`mn}}`jn inborn}or`nik rkniùun {l wkrjorzo {l`}nrò m`

nwwrklm`hkl}o

Wrock}}nrk {l wkrjorzo {l`}nrò m` nwwrklm`hkl}o {l‐{l`}ç m`

nwwrklm`hkl}o z`clà`jn `l wr ho i{oco `lm`q`m{nrk km kl{lj`nrk {l

nwwrklm`hkl}o {l`}nrò ozz`n {l ob`k}}`qo aorhn}`qo jdk }klcn `lz`khk ì

wrobikhn mkii‐njj{i}{rnuòlk k mkiin aorhnuòlk nwkr}o z{ {l

anrk/nc`rk/kzzkrk johwk}kl}k nr}`joinbìk ni z{o `l}krlo z{ j{` znrç

wozz`bìk kzkrj`}nrk in a{luòl` m` hkm`nuòlk wrowr`n mkiik m`qkrzk



hk}omoioc`k m`mn}}`jdk, Z` }rn}}n hoi}o zwkzzo m` kzwkr`kluk m`

nwwrklm`hkl}o m` {ln jkr}n nhw`kuun k rkzw`ro jdk z{wkrnlmo ` jola`l` m`{ln ioc`jn z}rk}}nhkl}k m`zj`wi`lnrk k hnl{ni`z}`jn hobì`}nlo {l

johwikzzo m` jnwnj`}ç mkii‐ni{llo r`jd`nhnlo {l jkr}o l{hkro m`

jolozjkluk k nbì`}ç kqkl}{nihkl}k nljdk m` m`zj`wi`lk m`qkrzk k nwrolo

qkrzo {ln wozz`bìk johwk}klun j{i}{rnik k m` q`}n, Hn m`jkqnho lol

lkjkzznr`nhkl}k mobb`nho kzji{mkrk {ln z`}{nuòlk holom`mj`wi`lnrk,

Joh{l~{k z`n i‐occk}}o m` z}{mò m` {ln z`}{nuòlk inborn}or`nik khkrckaor}k in lkjkzz`}ç m` jolznwkqoikuun r`zwk}}o niin hkm`nuòlk m`mn}}`jn,

[l kzkhwò m` z`z}khn}`j`}ç r`zwk}}o niik m`qkrzk aorhk m` hkm`nuòlk

Jn}kcor`n Hn}r`jk }kor`jn Nij{l` homkii` m`mn}}`j`

M`mn}}`jdk mk`

r`z{i}n}`

Johwor}nhkl}`zho

Joljkuòlk }kjl`j`z}`jn kbkdnqòr`z}`jn mkii‐ @/N

Joljkuòlk mkwoz`}nr`n mkii‐@/N

M`mn}}`jn wkr ob`k}}`q` $Hnz}krp

iknrl`lc)M`mn}}`jn wkr jol}kl{}`

M`mn}}`jn hom{inrk

,,,,

M`mn}}`jdk mk`

wrojkzz`

Nwwrojjò zj`kl}à`jo ni

wrobikhn kzwkr`klu`nik

N}}`q`zho mkskpnloZ}r{}}{rni`zho

Joz}r{}}`q`zho

Jocl`}`q`zho

M`mn}}`jn wkr r`jkrjn k wkr

wrobikh`

M`mn}}`jn wkr z}r{}}{rkM`mn}}`jn wkr zaolm` `l}kcrn}or`

‡,,

M`mn}}`jdk mk`

wrojkzz` k mk`

N}}`q`zho mkskpnlo

Z}r{}}{rni`zho

M`mn}}`jn wkr wrock}}`

Joowkrn}`qk iknrl`lc M`mn}}`jn



r`z{i}n}` Joz}r{}}`q`zho

Jocl`}`q`zho]kor`n mkiin johwikzz`}ç

wkr joljk}}`

M`mn}}`jn lnrrn}`qn ‡

Ojjorrk zo}}oi`lknrk johk `l {ln z`}{nuòlk rknik m`

`lzkclnhkl}o/nwwrklm`hkl}o

` ~{nmr` }kor`j` oaarolo ràkr`hkl}` wkr ikcckrin

ojjorrk zkhwrk {}ìùunrlk w`ð m` {lo wkr mkzjr`qkrin ì ràkr`hkl}o }kor`jo qn `l}rkjj`n}o jol i‐kzwkr`klun

wroakzzòlnik mki mojkl}k

{ln z`}{nuòlk m` @/N lol ä hn` ’zkhwi`jk‘ k mkzjr`q`bìk `l

aorhn i`lknrk hn ä zkhwrk ’rk}`joinrk‘ nlniùunbìk johk

z`z}khn johwikzzo

wkr z`}{nuòl` johwikzzk k wrobikhn}`jdk lol kz`z}olo nicor`}h`r`zoi{}`q` hn wozzolo kzzkrk `lm`q`m{n}k zoi{uòl` k{r`z}`jdk wkr

wrock}}nrlk in ckz}òlk

z{iik zoi{uòl` `lm`q`m{n}k ojjorrk ràik}}krk jr`}`jnhkl}k z`n

lkiin kzwkr`klun wroakzzòlnik wkrzolnik z`n lki jolarol}o jol `

joiikcd`,

[}ìùunrk {ln z}rn}kc`n hk}omoioc`jn nqklmo jol}kuun mkiin hn}r`jk

}kor`jn m` ràkr`hkl}o z`clà`jn nqkrk jd`nro ~{ni ä ì w{l}o m` aorun jdk

h` w{ò kzzkrk {}ìk `l {l jkr}o hohkl}o, Jd` w{ò lkcnrk i‐`hwor}nlun m`

{ln jolqkrznuòlk ji`l`jn `l {ln z`}{nuòlk m` nwwrklm`hkl}o? Johk

wnrinrk m` inborn}or`{h zklun nqkr jd`nrk ik anz` m` wrobikh zoiq`lc? Hn

nljdk johk lol jolozjkrk i‐kaa`jnj`n k i‐kaa`j`klun jdk `l jkr}k

z`}{nuòl` hk}}k n m`zwozùòlk in m`mn}}`jn hom{inrk?



K‐ aolmnhkl}nik m{l~{k kzwiorn}k ik jolozjkluk k nb i`}ç jd`nhn}k `l

còjo mnii‐nwwrklm`hkl}o {l`}nrò }rnzaorhnrik `l ob`k}}`q` aorhn}`q` jdk{ln znw`kl}k k ’r`jjn‘ hkm`nuòlk m`mn}}`jn wkrhk}}k m` johh`z{rnrk n`

b`zocl` aorhn}`q` mkci` ni{ll`,

Anrk/nc`rk/kzzkrk johwk}kl}k `l {ln kzwkr`klun m` nwwrklm`hkl}o

inborn}or`nik oaarolo nii‐nii`kqo {lo zwnuò wkr m`hoz}rnrk m` wo}kr

hobì`}nrk ik z{k r`zorzk wkrzolni ~{kiik jdk io rklmolo {l`jo k`rr`wk}`bìk jdk ci` wkrhk}}olo m` zkl}`rz` ’brnqo‘ wkr johk ä rknihkl}k

m` hoz}rnrk ì hkciò m` zà, Z` mk}krh`ln jozé {ln qkrn k wrowr n rk}k m`

jorrkinuòl`5

o i‐nii`kqo z` jolarol}n jol zk z}kzzo $j`ò jdk zn j`ò jdk ä j`ò jdk

w{ò kzzkrk j`ò jdk mkqk wo}klu`nrk) k jol i‐nwwrklm`hkl}o

{l`}nrò6

o i‐nii`kqo z` jolarol}n jol ` johwncl` lki w`jjoio cr{wwo jol ì

ioro homo m` ikcckrk k naarol}nrk {ln z`}{nuòlk m`

nwwrklm`hkl}o $~{`lm` jol ni}rk homni`}ç m` nwwrojjò niin

jolozjklun)6

o i‐nii`kqo k ì w`jjoio cr{wwo jdk z` jolarol}nlo jol ì cr{wwo

niinrcn}o jolm`q`mklmo `wo}kz` k mka`lklmo zoi{uòl` wozz`bì`,

Z`}{nuòlk m` johw`}o k nwwrklm`hkl}` {l`}nr` wolcolo i‐`lzkclnl}k m`

arol}k nm {ln z`}{nuòlk johwikzzn jdk jol}`klk zwnu` màakrkl}` m` ik}}{rn

k m` ràikzzòlk jr`}`jn z{iik zjki}k aorhn}`qk kaak}}{n}k, ^{nijdk kzkhwò5

o @i wkrjorzo mki cr{wwo jinzzk ä jokrkl}k jol ì wrock}}o

km{jn}`qo mkiin zj{oin?



o Ik johwk}kluk wrohozzk lkci` nii`kq` zolo jokrkl}` jol ì

zpiinb{z k ik r`jd`kz}k wkmncoc`jdk/zoj`ni`‡ lnuòlni` kmk{rowkk?

o In wrowoz}n aorhn}`qn r`zwolmk n` b`zocl` rkni` mk` z`lcoi`

nii`kq`? Ä {lo z}r{hkl}o wkr naarol}nrk k ckz}`rk z`}{nuòl`

wnr}`joinr` k/o johwikzzk mk` z`lcoi` nii`kq`?

o Ci` kz`}` o}}kl{}` rkniùunlo {ln jrkzj`}n mki cr{wwo jinzzk lkiik

m`rkuòl` wklzn}k k mkzjr`}}k lkiin wrock}}nuòlk mki jolz`ciò m`jinzzk?

o Kz`z}olo zwnu` m` ozzkrqnuòlk mkiik johwk}kluk hn}{rn}k mnci`

nii`kq` jdk wkrhk}}nlo m` kzwi`j`}nrik moj{hkl}nrik

jkr}à`jnrik?

[l‐ {i}`hn ràikzzòlk z{iin mki`jn}n ~{kz}òlk mki johw`}o `l z`}{nuòlk

johk i{oco m` kzwi`j`}nuòlk mkiik johwk}kluk hn}{rn}k mnii‐nii`kqo,

Wroq`nho n qkmkrlk ì zklzo z`n wkr ì mojkl}k z`n wkr i‐nii`kqo

mni w{l}o m` q`z}n mki mojkl}k z` }rn}}n m` {lo zwnuò rknik wkr r ikqnrk

ozzkrqnrk k qni{}nrk johwk}kluk zkhwrk `l ràkr`hkl}o ni wozzkzzo m`

jolozjkluk km nbì`}ç

mni w{l}o m` q`z}n mkii‐nii`kqo z` }rn}}n m` {lo zwnuò m` n{}oloh`n k

rkzwolznbìùunuòlk lki ~{nik w{ò naarol}nrk k wor}nrk n }krh`lk ì

johw`}o naa`mn}oci` hoz}rnlmo m` wozzkmkrk o hklo k n ~{nik crnmo

ik johwk}kluk {}ì` n rkniùunrio,

Come motivare all’apprendimento: una didattica dell’esperienza.

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Transcript of Come motivare all’apprendimento: una didattica dell’esperienza.