Assi Culture y3m1

8/3/2019 Assi Culture y3m1

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Contents

[hide]

1 Traditional artso 1.1 Danceo 1.2 Paintingo 1.3 Craftso 1.4 Ceramics

2 Lifestyleo 2.1 Homeso 2.2 Gardenso 2.3 Dresso 2.4 Cuisineo 2.5 Teao 2.6 Festivals of the lunar calendaro 2.7 Gameso 2.8 Beliefs

3 World Heritage siteso 3.1 Jongmyo Shrineo 3.2 Changdeokgungo 3.3 Bulguksao 3.4 Tripitaka Koreana and Haeinsao 3.5 Hwaseongo 3.6 Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa siteso 3.7 Gyeongju Areao 3.8 Complex of Goguryeo Tombso 3.9 Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynastyo 3.10 Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong

4 See also 5 References 6 External links

[edit] Traditional arts

Main article:Korean art

[edit] Dance

Main article:Korean dance
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Tripitaka_Koreana_and_Haeinsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Bulguksahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Changdeokgunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Jongmyo_Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#World_Heritage_siteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Beliefshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Gameshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Festivals_of_the_lunar_calendarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Teahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Cuisinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Dresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Gardenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Homeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Lifestylehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Ceramicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Craftshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Paintinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#Traditional_artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea


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Jinju geommu

As with music, there is a distinction between court dance and folk dance. Common court dances

arejeongjaemu performed at banquets, and ilmu, performed at Korean Confucian rituals.

Jeongjaemu is divided into native dances (hyangak jeongjae) and forms imported from Central

Asia and China (dangak jeongjae).Ilmu are divided into civil dance (munmu) and military dance(mumu). Many mask dramas and mask dances are performed in many regional areas of Korea.

[5]

The traditional clothing is the genja, it is a special kind of dress that women wear on festivals.

Traditional choreography of court dances is reflected in many contemporary productions.

[edit] Painting

Main article:Korean painting

A scenery onDanoday

The earliest paintings found on theKoreanpeninsula arepetroglyphsof prehistoric times. Withthe arrival ofBuddhismfromIndiaviaChina, different techniques were introduced. These

techniques quickly established themselves as the mainstream techniques, but indigenous

techniques still survived.

There is a tendency towards naturalism with subjects such as realistic landscapes, flowers and

birds being particularly popular. Ink is the most common material used, and it is painted onmulberry paper orsilk.

In the 18th century indigenous techniques were advanced, particularly in calligraphy and seal

engraving.
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Arts are both influenced by tradition and realism in North Korea. For example, Hans near-

photographic "Break Time at the Ironworks" shows muscular men dripping with sweat anddrinking water from tin cups at a sweltering foundry.Jeong Sons "Peak Chonnyo of Mount

Kumgang" is a classical Korean landscape of towering cliffs shrouded by mists.[6]

[edit] Crafts

Lacquerdrawer with mother-of-pearl inlay, at theNational Museum of Koreain Seoul

There is a unique set of handicrafts produced inKorea. Most of the handicrafts are created for a

particular everyday use, often giving priority to the practical use rather thanaesthetics.

Traditionally, metal, wood, fabric,lacquerware, andearthenwarewere the main materials used,but later glass, leather or paper have sporadically been used.

Ancient handicrafts, such as red and black pottery, share similarities with pottery ofChinesecultures along theYellow River. The relics found of theBronze Age, however, are distinctive

and more elaborate.

Many sophisticated and elaborate handicrafts have been excavated, including gilt crowns,

patterned pottery, pots or ornaments. During the Goryeo period the use of bronze was advanced.

Brass, that iscopperwith one thirdzinc, has been a particularly popular material. The dynasty,however, is renowned for its use ofceladonware.

During the Joseon period popular handicrafts were made of porcelain and decorated with bluepainting. Woodcraft was also advanced during that period. This led to more sophisticated pieces

of furniture, including wardrobes, chests, tables or drawers.

[edit] Ceramics

Main articles:Korean pottery and porcelainandCeladon
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A celadon incense burner from the Goryeo Dynasty with Korean kingfisher glaze

The use ofearthenwareon the Korean peninsula goes back to theNeolithic. The history ofKorean Ceramicsis long and includes both Korean pottery a later development after thetraditional use of coils and hammered clay to create early votive and sculptural artifacts. During

the Three Kingdoms period, pottery was advanced inSilla. Thepotterywas fired using a

deoxidizing flame, which caused the distinctive blue greyceladon color. The surface was

embossed with various geometrical patterns.

In the Goryeo period jade green celadon ware became more popular. In the 12th century

sophisticated methods of inlaying were invented, allowing more elaborate decorations indifferent colours. In Arts of Korea, Evelyn McCune states, "During the twelfth century, the

production of ceramic ware reached its highest refinement. Several new varieties appearedsimultaneously in the quarter of a century, one of which, the inlaid ware must be considered aKorean invention."[7]Neither the Chinese nor the Japanese had produced inlaid celadon, which

was unique to Goryeo wares. William Bowyer Honey of the Victoria and Albert Museum of

England, who after World War II wrote, "The best Corean (Korean) wares were not onlyoriginal, they are the most gracious and unaffected pottery ever made. They have every virtue

that pottery can have. This Corean pottery, in fact, reached heights hardly attained even by the

Chinese."[8]

Whiteporcelainbecame popular in the 15th century. It soon overtook celadon ware. White

porcelain was commonly painted or decorated with copper.

During theImjin warsin the 16th century, many potters were abducted toJapanwhere they

heavily influenced Japanese ceramics.[9][10][11]

Many Japanese pottery families today can trace

their art and ancestry to these Korean potters whom the Japanese captured by the thousandsduring its repeated conquests of the Korean peninsula.[12][13][14]

In the late Joseon period (late 17th century) blue-and-white porcelain became popular. Designs

were painted in cobalt blue on white porcelain.
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[edit] Lifestyle

[edit] Homes

Main article:Korean architecture

Traditional house,hanok

Traditional farmer's house; Folk Village, Seoul

Sites of residence are traditionally selected using traditionalgeomancy. Although geomancy hadbeen a vital part of Korean culture andKorean Shamanismsince prehistoric times, geomancy

was later re-introduced by China during the Three Kingdoms period of Korea.

A house should be built against a hill and face south to receive as much sunlight as possible. This

orientation is still preferred in modern Korea. Geomancy also influences the shape of the

building, the direction it faces and the material it is built of.

Traditional Korean houses can be structured into an inner wing (anchae) and an outer wing

(sarangchae). The individual layout largely depends on the region and the wealth of the family.

Whereas aristocrats used the outer wing for receptions, poorer people kept cattle in the

sarangchae. The wealthier a family, the larger the house. However, it was forbidden to anyfamily except for the king to have a residence of more than 99 kan. A kan is the distance between

two pillars used in traditional houses.

The inner wing normally consisted of a living room, a kitchen and a wooden-floored central hall.More rooms may be attached to this. Poorer farmers would not have any outer wing. Floor

heating (ondol) has been used in Korea since prehistoric times. The main building materials are

wood,clay,tile,stone, andthatch. Because wood and clay were the most common materials used
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in the past not many old buildings have survived into present times. Today, however, people live

in apartments and more modernized houses.

[edit] Gardens

Hyangwonjeong, a garden inGyeongbokgung, Seoul

The principles of temple gardens and private gardens are the same. Korean gardening in EastAsiais influenced by primarilyKorean ShamanismandKorean folk religion. Shamanism

emphasizes nature and mystery, paying great attention to the details of the layout. In contrast to

Japanese and Chinese gardens which fill a garden with man made elements, traditionalKoreangardensavoid artificialities, trying to make a garden more natural than nature.

Thelotuspond is an important feature in the Korean garden. If there is a natural stream, often apavilion is built next to it, allowing the pleasure of watching thewater. Terraced flower beds are

a common feature in traditional Korean gardens.

The Poseokjeong site nearGyeongjuwas built in theSillaperiod. It highlights the importance of

water in traditional Korean gardens. The garden of Poseokjeong features an abalone-shaped

watercourse. During the last days of the Silla kingdom, the king's guests would sit along thewatercourse and chat while wine cups were floated during banquets.

[edit] Dress

Main article:Hanbok

Hanbok
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Hwarot, bridal robe

See alsoList of Korean clothing. The traditional dress known as hanbok(,) (known as

joseonotin theDPRK) has been worn since ancient times. The hanbokconsists of a shirt

(jeogori) and a skirt (baji). The traditional hat is called gwanmo and special meaning is attachedto this piece of clothing.

According to social status, Koreans used to dress differently, making clothing an important mark

of social rank. Impressive, but sometimes cumbersome, costumes were worn by the ruling classand the royal family. These upper classes also used jewelry to distance themselves from the

ordinary people. A traditional item of jewelry for women was a pendant in the shape of certainelements of nature which was made of precious gemstones, to which a tassel of silk was

connected.

Common people were often restricted to un-dyed plain clothes. This everyday dress underwent

relatively few changes during the Joseon period. The basic everyday dress was shared by

everyone, but distinctions were drawn in official and ceremonial clothes.

During the winter people wore cotton-wadded dresses. Fur was also common. Because ordinary

people normally wore pure white undyed materials, the people were sometimes referred to as thewhite-clad people.

Hanbokare classified according to their purposes: everyday dress, ceremonial dress and specialdress. Ceremonial dresses are worn on formal occasions, including a child's first birthday

(doljanchi), a wedding or a funeral. Special dresses are made for purposes such as shamans,

officials.

Today the hanbokis still worn during formal occasions. The everyday use of the dress, however,has been lost. However, elderly still dress in hanbok as well as active estates of the remnant of

aristocratic families from the Joseon Dynasty.

[edit] Cuisine

Main article:Korean cuisine
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Bibimbap

Rice is the staple food of Korea. Having been an almost exclusively agricultural country until

recently, the essential recipes in Korea are shaped by this experience. The main crops in Korea

are rice, barley, and beans, but many supplementary crops are used. Fish and other seafood are

also important because Korea is a peninsula.

Fermentedrecipes were also developed in early times. These includepickledfish and pickledvegetables. This kind of food provides essentialproteinsandvitaminsduring the winter.

A number of menus have been developed. These can be divided into ceremonial foods and ritual

foods. Ceremonial foods are used when a child reaches 100 days, at the first birthday, at awedding ceremony, and the sixtieth birthday. Ritual foods are used at funerals, at ancestral rites,

shaman's offerings and as temple food.

A distinguishing characteristic of Temple Food is that it does not use the common five strong-

flavoured ingredients ofKorean cuisine--(garlic,spring onion, wildrocambole,leek, andginger),

and meat.

Kimchi is one of the famous foods of Korea. Kimchi is pickled vegetables which contain

vitamins A and C, thiamine, riboflavin, iron, calcium, carotene, etc. There are many types ofkimchi including cabbage kimchi, string onion kimchi, cucumber kimchi, radish kimchi, and

sesame kimchi.

For ceremonies and ritualsrice cakesare vital. The colouring of the food and the ingredients of

the recipes are matched with a balance ofyin and yang.

Today,surasang(traditionalcourtcuisine) is available to the whole population. In the past

vegetable dishes were essential, but meat consumption has increased. Traditional dishes include

ssambap,bulgogi,sinseollo,kimchi,bibimbap, andgujeolpan.

[edit] Tea

Main article:Korean tea
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Darye, Korean tea ceremony

Tea inKoreadates back over 2000 years.[15]It was part of a number of worship recipes, hoping

that the good scents would reach the heavenly gods. Although the origin of tea is obscure, tea

was introduced in Korea, and later gave rise to theKorean tea ceremony, of which Korea has

over 3000.

Originally tea was used for ceremonial purposes or as part of traditional herbalmedicine.Greentea, as it is used inChinaandJapan, is not the only kind of tea drunk inKorea. A great numberof teas made of fruits, leaves, seeds or roots are enjoyed. Five tastes of tea are distinguished in

Korea: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and pungent.

[edit] Festivals of the lunar calendar

Main article:Korean calendar

Daeboreum

The traditional Korean calendar was based on the lunisolar calendar.[16]Dates are calculatedfrom Korea'smeridian, and observances and festivals are rooted in Korean culture. TheKorean

lunar calendaris divided into 24 turning points (jeolgi), each lasting about 15 days. The lunar

calendar was the timetable for the agrarian society in the past, but is vanishing in the modern

Korean lifestyle.

TheGregorian calendarwas officially adopted in 1895, but traditional holidays andagereckoningare still based on the old calendar.[16][17]Older generations still celebrate their

birthdays according to the lunar calendar.
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The biggest festival in Korea today is Seollal (the traditional Korean New Year). Other important

festivals includeDaeboreum(the first full moon),Dano(spring festival), andChuseok(harvestfestival).

There are also a number of regional festivals, celebrated according to the lunar calendar. See also

Public holidays in North KoreaandPublic holidays in South Korea.

[edit] Games

Yut board game

There are a number of board games played in Korea. Baduk is the Korean name for what is

known asGoin English. This game is particularly popular with middle-aged and elderly men. Ithas a similar status as haschessin Western cultures. There is a Korean version of chess called

Janggi, based on an old version ofXiangqi.Yutis a popular family board game enjoyed

throughout the country, especially during holidays.

No longer commonly played, except on special occasions,Chajeon Noriis a traditional gameinvolving two teams of villagers in a giant jousting match.

Many folk games are associated with shamanistic rites and have been handed down from one

generation to the next. Three rites are important with regards to folk games: Yeonggo,

Dongmaeng andMucheon. Yeonggo is a drumming performance to invoke spirits. Dongmaeng

is a harvest ceremony, while Mucheon is dances to the heaven. These performances were refined

during the period of the Three Kingdoms and games were added.

Ssireumis a form of traditional wrestling. Other traditional games include pitching arrows into a

pot,tuhoand a game of stick-tossing (jeopo). There are also stone fights (seokjeon), swing riding

(geunetagi), masked dance drama, and a ball game (gyeokku).

[edit] Beliefs

Main articles:Korean shamanism,Buddhism in Korea,Korean Confucianism, andChristianity

in Korea
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Haeinsa

The original religion of the Korean people wasShamanism, which though not as widespread as

in ancient times, still survives to this day. Female shamans or mudang are often called upon toenlist the help of various spirits to achieve various means.

BuddhismandConfucianismwere later introduced to Korea through cultural exchanges with

Chinese dynasties. Buddhism was the official religion of the Goryeo dynasty, and manyprivileges were given to Buddhist monks during this period. However, the Joseon period saw the

suppression of Buddhism, where Buddhist monks and temples were banned from the cities andconfined to the countryside. In its place a strict form ofConfucianism, which some see as even

more strict than what had ever been adopted by the Chinese, became the official philosophy.

Even today, Confucianism still plays a major role in Korean society, and respect for elders is still

a major part of Korean family life. Throughout Korean history and culture, regardless ofseparation, the traditional beliefs ofKorean Shamanism,Mahayana BuddhismandConfucianism

have remained an underlying influence of the religion of the Korean people as well as a vital

aspect of their culture, remembering that all these traditions coexisted peacefully for hundreds ofyears that still exist in the more Christian South[18][19][20]or the pressure fromCommunism's

atheistgovernmentin the North.[21][22]

[edit] World Heritage sites

There are a number of designatedUNESCOWorld Heritage SitesinKorea.

[edit] Jongmyo Shrine

Main article:Jongmyo

The Jongmyo Shrine was added to theUNESCOWorld Heritage Sitelist in 1995 and is locatedin Seoul. The shrine is dedicated to the spirits of the ancestors of the royal family of the JoseonDynasty. It is heavily influenced byKorean Confuciantradition. An elaborate performance of
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ancientcourt music(with accompanying dance) known asJongmyo jeryeakis performed there

each year.

When it was built in 1394 is was to be one of the longest buildings inAsia. There are 19

memorial tablets of kings and 30 of their queens, placed in 19 chambers. The shrine was burnt to

the ground during theImjin wars, but rebuilt by 1608.

[edit] Changdeokgung

Main article:Changdeokgung

Changdeokgungis also known as the palace of illustrious virtue. It was built in 1405, burnt to the

ground during the Japanese invasion in 1592 and reconstructed in 1609. For more than 300 years

Changdeokgung was the site of the royal seat. It is located inSeoul.

The surroundings and the palace itself are well matched. Some of the trees behind the palace are

now over 300 years old, besides a preserved tree which is over 1000 years old. Changdeokgungwas added to theUNESCOWorld Heritagelist in 1997.

[edit] Bulguksa

Main article:Bulguksa

SeokguramGrotto
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Bulguksais also known as the temple of theBuddha Landand home of the Seokguram Grotto.

The temple was constructed in 751 and consists of a great number of halls. There are twopagodas placed in the temple.

The Seokguram grotto is a hermitage of the Bulguksa temple. It is a granite sanctuary. In the

main chamber a Buddha statue is seated. The temple and the grotto were added to theUNESCOWorld Heritage list in 1995.

[edit] Tripitaka Koreana and Haeinsa

Main article:Haeinsa

Haeinsais a large temple in theSouth Gyeongsangprovince. It was originally built in 802 and

home to theTripitaka Koreanawood blocks, the oldest Buddhist wooden manuscripts in theworld.[23]The carving of these wood blocks was initiated in 1236 and completed in 1251. The

wood blocks are testimony to the pious devotion of king and his people.

The wordTripitakaisSanskritand stands for three baskets, referring to theBuddhistlaws of

aesthetics. The Tripitaka Koreana consists of 81'258 wood blocks and is the largest, oldest, and

completist collection of Buddhist scripts. Amazingly there is no trace of errata or omission onany of the wood blocks. The Tripitaka Koreana is widely considered as the most beautiful and

accurateBuddhistcanon carved inHanja.

The site was added to theUNESCOWorld Heritagelist in 1995.

[edit] Hwaseong

Main article:Hwaseong Fortress

A frontal view of the west gate and watch tower.

Hwaseongis the fortification of the citySuwonsouth ofSeoulinSouth Korea. Its construction

was completed in 1796 and it features all the latest features of Korean fortification known at thetime. The fortress also contains a magnificent palace used for the King's visit to his father's tomb

near the city.
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The fortress covers both flat land and hilly terrain, something rarely seen in East Asia. The walls

are 5.52 kilometres long and there are 41 extant facilities along the perimeter. These include fourcardinal gates, afloodgate, four secret gates and a beacon tower.

Hwaseong was added to theUNESCOWorld Heritagelist in 1997.

[edit] Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa sites

Main article:Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites

The sites ofGochang,Hwasun and Ganghwa were added to theUNESCOlist ofWorld Heritage

in 2000. These sites are home to prehistoric graveyards which contain hundreds of different

megaliths. These megaliths aregravestoneswhich were created in the 1st century B.C. out of

large blocks ofrock. Megaliths can be found around the globe, but nowhere in such aconcentration as in the sites of Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa.

[edit] Gyeongju Area

Main article:Gyeongju Historic Areas

The historic area aroundGyeongjuwas added to theUNESCOlist ofWorld Heritagein 2000.Gyongju was the capital of theSillakingdom. The tombs of the Silla rulers can still be found in

the centre of the city. These tombs took the shape of rock chambers buried in an earthen hill,

sometimes likened with thepyramids. The area around Gyeongju, in particular on theNamsanmountain, is scattered with hundreds of remains from the Silla period.Poseokjeongis one of the

most famous of these sites, but there is a great number ofKorean Buddhistart, sculptures, reliefs,

pagodasand remains oftemplesandpalacesmostly built in the 7th and 10th century.

[edit] Complex of Goguryeo Tombs

Main article:Complex of Goguryeo Tombs

TheComplex of Goguryeo Tombslies inPyongyang, Pyong'an South Province, and NampoCity, South Hwanghae Province,North Korea. In July 2004 it became the firstUNESCOWorld

Heritagesite north of the 38th parallel.

The site consists of 63 individual tombs from the laterGoguryeo, one of theThree Kingdoms of

Korea. It was founded around northern Korea andManchuriaaround 32 BC, and the capital was

moved to Pyongyang in 427. This kingdom dominated the region between the 5th and 7thcentury AD.

[edit] Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

Main article:Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty

[edit] Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong
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.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=25http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=25http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=25http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Tombs_of_the_Joseon_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchuriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_of_Goguryeo_Tombshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_of_Goguryeo_Tombshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseokjeonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namsan_%28Gyeongju%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongjuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongju_Historic_Areashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headstonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gochang,_Hwasun_and_Ganghwa_Dolmen_Siteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodgatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia


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Main articles:Hahoe Folk VillageandYangdong Folk Village

[edit] See also

Korean birthday celebrations Science and technology in Korea List of Korean inventions List of Korea-related topics National Treasures of South Korea UNESCO World Heritage sites Traditional Korean thought East Asian age reckoning Marriage in South Korea Kkoktu

[edit] ReferencesThis article usesbare URLsforcitations, which may be threatened bylink rot. Please

addinformation on the author and sourceso that the article remainsverifiablein thefuture.Several templatesanda toolare available to facilitate formatting.(July 2011)

1. ^See "Same roots, different style" by Kim Hyun2. ^

http://books.google.com/books?id=jjOva6fF96AC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Koreas:+a+global+studies+handbook+By+Mary+E.+Connor&source=bl&ots=V7Pfg4Nuc4&si

g=YgyUmom-

DvxNw8IYyQIlqw3DZM4&hl=en&ei=OENcTMDtNML48AbmqYzuAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false

3. ^http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/monographs/korea.pdf4. ^http://articoolz.com/2010/07/asian-fashion-and-korean-culture/5. ^Eckersley, M. ed. 2009. Drama from the Rim: Asian Pacific Drama Book (2nd ed.).

Drama Victoria. Melbourne.p54,

6. ^"A rare glimpse into a closed art world". Korea Is One. Retrieved 2010-06-01.7. ^Evelyn McCune, The Arts of Korea: An Illustrated History8. ^http://books.google.com/books?id=XrZQs-

6KswMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Korea+and+East+Asia+the+story+o+a+phoenix&so

urce=bl&ots=TLCVh8so63&sig=-xg-NiRKaLWAVNidDRuydoK_weI&hl=en&ei=pI-

NTJfhE4OClAeJhZRg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDEQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false

9. ^"Pottery in Japan". Onmarkproductions.com. Retrieved 2010-06-01.10.^
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahoe_Folk_Villagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahoe_Folk_Villagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahoe_Folk_Villagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangdong_Folk_Villagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangdong_Folk_Villagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangdong_Folk_Villagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=26http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_birthday_celebrationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_birthday_celebrationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Korean_inventionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Korean_inventionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Korea-related_topicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Korea-related_topicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Treasures_of_South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Treasures_of_South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Asia_and_Australasia#Korea.2C_Northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Asia_and_Australasia#Korea.2C_Northhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Korean_thoughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Korean_thoughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_in_South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_in_South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kkoktuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kkoktuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=27http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_Korea&action=edit&section=27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_styleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_styleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citation_styleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Sources_of_articles#Exampleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Sources_of_articles#Exampleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_messages/Sources_of_articles#Exampleshttp://toolserver.org/~dispenser/cgi-bin/webreflinks.py?page=Culture_of_Korea&citeweb=on&overwrite=simple&limit=200http://toolserver.org/~dispenser/cgi-bin/webreflinks.py?page=Culture_of_Korea&citeweb=on&overwrite=simple&limit=200http://toolserver.org/~dispenser/cgi-bin/webreflinks.py?page=Culture_of_Korea&citeweb=on&overwrite=simple&limit=200http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#cite_ref-0http://www.korea-is-one.org/article.php3?id_article=2565http://www.korea-is-one.org/article.php3?id_article=2565http://www.korea-is-one.org/article.php3?id_article=2565http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#cite_ref-1http://books.google.com/books?id=jjOva6fF96AC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Koreas:+a+global+studies+handbook+By+Mary+E.+Connor&source=bl&ots=V7Pfg4Nuc4&sig=YgyUmom-DvxNw8IYyQIlqw3DZM4&hl=en&ei=OENcTMDtNML48AbmqYzuAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=jjOva6fF96AC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Koreas:+a+global+studies+handbook+By+Mary+E.+Connor&source=bl&ots=V7Pfg4Nuc4&sig=YgyUmom-DvxNw8IYyQIlqw3DZM4&hl=en&ei=OENcTMDtNML48AbmqYzuAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=jjOva6fF96AC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Koreas:+a+global+studies+handbook+By+Mary+E.+Connor&source=bl&ots=V7Pfg4Nuc4&sig=YgyUmom-DvxNw8IYyQIlqw3DZM4&hl=en&ei=OENcTMDtNML48AbmqYzuAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=jjOva6fF96AC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Koreas:+a+global+studies+handbook+By+Mary+E.+Connor&source=bl&ots=V7Pfg4Nuc4&sig=YgyUmom-DvxNw8IYyQIlqw3DZM4&hl=en&ei=OENcTMDtNML48AbmqYzuAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=jjOva6fF96AC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Koreas:+a+global+studies+handbook+By+Mary+E.+Connor&source=bl&ots=V7Pfg4Nuc4&sig=YgyUmom-DvxNw8IYyQIlqw3DZM4&hl=en&ei=OENcTMDtNML48AbmqYzuAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=jjOva6fF96AC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Koreas:+a+global+studies+handbook+By+Mary+E.+Connor&source=bl&ots=V7Pfg4Nuc4&sig=YgyUmom-DvxNw8IYyQIlqw3DZM4&hl=en&ei=OENcTMDtNML48AbmqYzuAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#cite_ref-2http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/monographs/korea.pdfhttp://cirrie.buffalo.edu/monographs/korea.pdfhttp://cirrie.buffalo.edu/monographs/korea.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#cite_ref-3http://articoolz.com/2010/07/asian-fashion-and-korean-culture/http://articoolz.com/2010/07/asian-fashion-and-korean-culture/http://articoolz.com/2010/07/asian-fashion-and-korean-culture/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#cite_ref-5http://www.korea-is-one.org/article.php3?id_article=1715http://www.korea-is-one.org/article.php3?id_article=1715http://www.korea-is-one.org/article.php3?id_article=1715http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#cite_ref-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#cite_ref-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Korea#cite_ref-7http://books.google.com/books?id=XrZQs-6KswMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Korea+and+East+Asia+the+story+o+a+phoenix&source=bl&ots=TLCVh8so63&sig=-xg-NiRKaLWAVNidDRuydoK_weI&hl=en&ei=pI-NTJfhE4OClAeJhZRg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDEQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=XrZQs-6KswMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Korea+

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