Un impianto REWEC3 per la produzione di energia elettrica da … · Un impianto REWEC3 per la...

Un impianto REWEC3 per la produzione di energia elettrica da moto ondoso: dall’invenzione del prof. Paolo Boccotti alla costruzione del primo prototipo

Felice Arena (Professore Ordinario di Costruzioni Marittime)

WAVENERGY.IT s.r.l. – Spin-off dell’Università Mediterranea - Reggio Calabria Natural Ocean Engineering Laboratory, Università Mediterranea

Workshop: ENERGIA DAL MARE

Le Nuove Tecnologie Per i Mari Italiani 1 - 2 LUGLIO 2014 - ENEA Via Giulio Romano 41, ROMA

www.wavenergy.it

Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile

Report 02-1.1 OES-IA Annex II Task 1.1

Guidelines for Development and Testing of Ocean Energy Systems

March 2010 - OES-IA Document nº T02-1.1

The worldwide wave energy in kW / m . Data derived from ECMWF (European Centre for

Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) WAM model. The data were calibrated and corrected

(by Oceanor) by considering data of buoys and satellite TOPEX

Felice Arena Energia dal mare, ENEA, Roma, 1 - 2 LUGLIO 2014

Falcao, 2010

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An OWC (Oscillating Water Column) plant consists of a chamber,

submerged in the sea water and open below the water surface so that

waves can enter into the box; an air-duct, with a turbine (T), connects the

chamber to the atmosphere. The principle of OWC plants is the following:

under wave motion the air in the chamber is alternately compressed (under

wave crests) and decompressed (under wave troughs), so that the air

produces a flow in the duct in both the directions. The air flow drives a

self-rectifying turbine and a generator produces electrical power.

The caisson has, on the wave-beaten side, a vertical duct (1) that is connected both to

the sea through upper opening (2), and to an inner room (3) through a lower opening

(4). This inner room contains a water mass (3a) in its lower part and an air pocket (3b)

in its upper part. An air-duct (5), which connects the air pocket (3b) to the atmosphere,

contains a self-rectifying turbine (6).

When waves produce a

pressure fluctuation at the

outer opening (2), water

oscillates up and down in

the duct (1), and the air

pocket alternately is

compressed and expanded.

Then, an alternate air flow is

obtained in the air duct

which drives the self-

rectifying

turbine (6).

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DESCRIPTION OF A RESONANT WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER (REWEC 3)

Patent by Professor Paolo Boccotti

1/2


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Wave crest Wave trough

DESCRIPTION OF A RESONANT WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER (REWEC 3)

2/2


From OWC toward REWEC3 (or U-OWC)

The eigenperiod of oscillations inside OWCs is typically smaller than

the wave period, and there is no way to change its eigenperiod.

A new kind of OWC caisson (U-OWC or REWEC3/3, REsonant Wave

Energy Converter) has been patented by prof. Paolo Boccotti (EU N.

1332519), which has the advantage to obtain a natural resonance

without any device for phase control.

In an U-OWC the eigenperiod is very close to the period of the waves

with the largest amount of energy.

(for comparison see: Boccotti P., 2007. Comparison between a U-OWC and a

conventional OWC. Ocean Engineering. vol. 34, pp. 799-805 )


Average electrical power produced during 1 year from a REWEC plant with total lenght of 1km

Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean Sea: 5.700 MWh/km

Channel of Sicily, Mediterranean Sea: 7.000 MWh/km

West Sardinia, Mediterranean Sea: 10.000 MWh/km

USA, California: 66.000 MWh/km

Atlantic EU coast: 40.000 MWh/km

Mauritania: 32,000 MWh/km

ELECTRICAL POWER

PRODUCED BY A REWEC3


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Civitavecchia Port

(Port of Rome, Italy):


THE FIRST PROTOTYPE OF REWEC3 CAISSONS HAS BEEN REALIZING IN THE CIVITAVECCHIA PORT


CIVITAVECCHIA: ACTUAL PORT

THE FIRST PROTOTYPE OF REWEC3 CAISSONS HAS BEEN REALIZING IN THE CIVITAVECCHIA PORT


Port of Civitavecchia “PROLUNGAMENTO DELL’ANTEMURALE C. COLOMBO DARSENE SERVIZI E TRAGHETTI”. Works of Port Authority of Civitavecchia, Fiumicino e Gaeta Main contractor: Grandi Lavori Fincosit S.p.A. Impresa Pietro Cidonio S.p.A. CoopSette scarl Itinera SpA)

12

THE FIRST PROTOTYPE OF REWEC3 CAISSONS IN THE CIVITAVECCHIA PORT


U-OWC

13

10m

3.2m

-8m

-2m

22.7m


THE FIRST PROTOTYPE OF REWEC3 CAISSON IN THE CIVITAVECCHIA PORT

DESIGN STEPS

U-OWC

PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION

U-OWC

The values of the pressure along the U-duct are

calculated by means of Bernoulli law.

The maximum loads acting on the internal and

external walls both of the pneumatic chamber and of

the vertical duct are calculated under two different

configurations:

• plant under compression

• plant under depression

16

Typical values of loads are

comprised between 100 and 250

kN/m2.

THE FIRST PROTOTYPE OF REWEC3 CAISSON IN

THE CIVITAVECCHIA PORT: WAVE CLIMATE

Distribution of significant wave height in a Weibull paper



Return period of sea storms in which the maximum significant wave

height exceed a given threshold: THE DESIGN WAVE

u

usw

h

w

hu

hbhHR exp

1

)()( 0

Calculation by means of EquivalentTriangular

Storm model

0.1

1

10

100

2 3 4 5 6 7

R(Hs>h)

[yr]

h [m]



Directional Analysis for Extreme Waves

Calculation by means of EquivalentTriangular

Storm model

uuuus

w

hu

w

h

w

hu

w

h

hbhHR

1exp1exp

);();( 21

210

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0 100 200 300 400wave direction [°N]

wa

wb



Directional Analysis: wave climate

THE FIRST PROTOTYPE OF REWEC3 CAISSON IN THE CIVITAVECCHIA PORT: OVERALL STABILITY

Calculation of extreme forces for design condition

dd' d

P

b

P

P

b

n

max

(+)

(+)w1

w2

(+)

w

THE FIRST PROTOTYPE OF REWEC3 CAISSON IN THE CIVITAVECCHIA PORT

CAISSON

A

10m

3.2m

-8m

-2m

22.7m

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THE FIRST PROTOTYPE REWEC3 CAISSON FOR THE CIVITAVECCHIA HARBOUR

CAISSON

A

34m

3.9m

3.2m

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CAISSON

B

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Data for structural design

Extreme wave group occurring at the wall (quasi-determinsm theory),

includind diffraction effect

Water level inside the chamber and extreme pressures (140kN)

Pressures inside the chamber

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December 2012: building of the first REWEC3 caisson

34x22.7m


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SUMMARY OF THE CIVITAVECCHIA PROJECT:

i. 17 REWEC3 (U-OWC) caisson, each with length of 34m;

(overall length: 578m)

ii. 136 chambers, for turbines of around 20kW (It is schedule

an installation of about 2.7 MW)

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Energy performances: estimation of wave energy absorption and of

electrical power production

In our idea the breakwater (for the total number of 136 chambers) should be able to give:

- more than 0.6MW, when significant wave height is close to 1m;

- increasing Hs up to 2m, we expect that the power that will increase up to about 2MW;

- with 3m of significant wave height, or more, we will have the maximum power, which is limited by the

turbine and current generators at a value close to 2.7MW.

136 active cells for the wave energy absorption, each one provided with a turbine

in

pla

PC

wavesseaincident theofenergy

plant by the absorbedenergy

for significant wave heights between 2m and 3m, the plant will absorb more than 80% of the incident

waves.

The chambers of the REWEC3 plant are able to give more than 2,800 MWh of the

average wave energy converted in electrical power in a year.

This estimation takes into account also the periods during which the production of the plant is zero.


THE CIVITAVECCHIA BREAKWATER WITH REWEC3 CAISSONS UP TO JANUARY 2014 www.wavenergy.it


THE FINALIZATION OF THE FIRST REWEC3 CAISSON IN OCTOBER 2013

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JANUARY 2014. THE SECOND REWEC3 CAISSON IS READY

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THE CIVITAVECCHIA BREAKWATER WITH REWEC3 CAISSONS IN JANUARY 2014


8 REWEC3 CAISSON AT FINAL SITE

U-OWC in Civitavecchia Port

34

December 2013

8 REWEC3 CAISSON

AT FINAL SITE

AND THE 2 CAISSONS

COMPLETED UP TO 10M

ABOVE M.W.L.


35

December 2013

8 REWEC3 CAISSON

AT FINAL SITE

AND THE 2 CAISSONS

COMPLETED UP TO 10M

ABOVE M.W.L.


36

December 2013

October 2014: Starting with

hydrodynamic monitoring of

an equipped caisson

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New projects, that received the financial support, for the realization of REWEC3 caissons:

(i) Marina di Cicerone (Formia, Italy):

from limited companies IPC S.p.A. & Marina di Cicerone S.p.A.

(ii) Commercial port of Salerno (Italy) – final design


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Marina di Cicerone (Formia, Italy)


Vertical breakwaters in Italy with a REWEC3/3

Marina di Cicerone (Formia, Italy) (8 cells – 160 kW) working plan (executive design)


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Commercial port of Salerno (Italy)


AN ITALIAN EXPERIENCE: DESIGN OF THE NEW REWEC3 FOR THE COMMERCIAL

HARBOUR OF SALERNO

enlargement of 200m by the adoption of REWEC3

caisson breakwaters

200m

from Port Authority


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The enlargement of 200m of the pre-existing breakwater will be realized by 9 REWEC3 caissons

5 active chambers for each REWEC3 caisson


An efficient configuration for each caisson breakwater embodying a REWEC3 plant,

at the examined location in the Tyrrhenian Sea for the Salerno’s harbour (Central Mediterranean Sea)

width of the vertical duct

water depth

width of the inner room

width of the inner room height of the inner room, with

respect to MWL

www.wavenergy.it Felice Arena Energia dal mare, ENEA, Roma, 1 - 2 LUGLIO 2014

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A REWEC3 with the same safety coefficients for whole stability of a traditional caisson for the Salerno’s harbor


INTEGRAZIONE DI CONVERTITORI AD ELASTOMERI DIELETTRICI (CED) IN DIGHE REWEC

CED: capacità deformabili che utilizzano il lavoro meccanico di deformazione per

incrementare il potenziale elettrico delle cariche che risiedono sui loro elettrodi.

Potenziali vantaggi rispetto ai

turbogeneratori:

• miglior efficienza energetica;

• semplicità di fabbricazione, installazione

e manutenzione;

• miglior resistenza alla corrosione;

• riduzione del rumore;

• riduzione dei costi.


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Accordo di Programma Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico - ENEA Piano Annuale di Realizzazione 2011/2013


Nuovo cassone

sperimentale

modulare, in corso di

realizzazione presso il

NOEL


I progetti illustrati

nella presentazione,

sulla generazione di

energia dal mare,

eseguiti nel Natural

Ocean Engineering

Laboratory e su

scala prototipale

NON sono stati

finanziati dal MIUR

Periodo 2008-2014 – progetti PON, PRIN, FIRB etc.

Thank you very much for your attention

Energia dal mare, ENEA, Roma, 1 - 2 LUGLIO 2014

ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014

MEDITERRANEA UNIVERSITY, (ITALY)

For papers and additional info :

[email protected] (Felice Arena)

Un impianto REWEC3 per la produzione di energia elettrica da … · Un impianto REWEC3 per la...

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