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PROF. PIERO MAMMINO

12 – 19 Ottobre 2014

http://www.settimanaterra.org/informazioni

http://www.geoitalia.org/

http://www.lombardoradicect.it/

http://www.geoetna.it/ita/

152 GeoEventi distribuiti su tutto il territorio nazionale

escursioni sul terreno, passeggiate nei centri urbani e storici, porte aperte ai Musei, visite guidate, esposizioni, attività didattiche, attività sperimentali di laboratorio per bambini e ragazzi, attività musicali e artistiche, degustazioni conviviali, conferenze, convegni, workshop, tavole rotonde

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqLK7UVk1cs

La Settimana del Pianeta Terra nasce con lo scopo di: -diffondere tra il grande pubblico la cultura geologica, il rispetto per l’ambiente, la cura per il territorio; -divulgare l’inestimabile patrimonio che l’Italia possiede, non solo dal punto di vista artistico e monumentale, ma anche ambientale, geologico in particolare, facendone strumento di promozione turistico-culturale; -far conoscere il ruolo che le Geoscienze italiane svolgono quotidianamente per servire i bisogni della società civile: ambiente, energia, clima, salute, risorse naturali, rischi naturali, erosione delle coste, geomateriali, salvaguardia e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale e monumentale; -trasmettere l'entusiasmo per la ricerca e la scoperta scientifica; -incrementare il dialogo tra scienziati e tecnici da una parte, politici e decisori dall’altra.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqLK7UVk1cs

Plate Tectonics Rock in the asthenosphere is hot enough to flow slowly. Heated rock rises, moves up toward the lithosphere, cools, and circulates downward. Riding above this circulation system are the tectonic plates, enormous moving pieces of the earth’s lithosphere.

Tectonic plates move in one of four ways: 1) spreading, or moving apart; 2) subduction, or diving under another plate; 3) collision, or crashing into one another; 4) sliding past each other in a shearing motion.

Three types of boundaries mark plate movements: • Divergent boundary—Plates move apart, spreading horizontally. • Convergent boundary—Plates collide, causing either one plate to dive under the other or the edges of both plates to crumple. • Transform boundary—Plates slide past one another.

CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES

Continental vs. Oceanic Plate Convergence

FOLD MOUNTAIN CHAIN (Or FOLD MOUNTAIN RANGE)

mountains formed from crust rocks which has been uplifted

http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=Cq1iNXjTBCwVZM&tbnid=QjanOlSwfRbNqM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_mountain&ei=KTZYU6eqI8LNtAbl8YDQDQ&psig=AFQjCNHyVFyrHLu6EmN0LOdpVcr_slNGdg&ust=1398376243554139

VULCANI DI FANGO (MUD VOLCANOES)

VULCANISMO SEDIMENTARIO (SEDIMENTARY VOLCANISM )

Mud volcanoes are geological structures formed as a result of the emission of mud on the Earth’s surface, which are commonly associated with compressive tectonics and sediment accretion at convergent margins.

SEDIMENTAZIONE VELOCE (FAST SEDIMENTATION)

FLUIDI NON ELIMINATI (NOT ELIMINATED FLUIDS)

MATERIA ORGANICA NON DECOMPOSTA UNDECOMPOSED ORGANIC SUBSTANCE

SPINTA DI GALLEGGIAMENTO (BUOYANCY)

IDROCARBURI: METANO (HYDROCARBONS: METHANE)

PRESSIONE INTERSTIZIALE DEI FLUIDI > PRESSIONE LITOSTATICA

(PORE-FLUIDS PRESSURE > LITHOSTATIC PRESSURE)

http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&docid=0SNm--I7SmgeiM&tbnid=F3IFY2byAht3-M:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.energy.alberta.ca/Tenure/1091.asp&ei=gjQ4VP2ZGsXeOLuBgYAE&psig=AFQjCNE4ayHPJ8y_CVSEn5PuRmyQLmv41A&ust=1413055844681435

http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=kKd4mfz7sSKk5M&tbnid=8G3UW8zn9bMcYM:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.ceibal.edu.uy/contenidos/areas_conocimiento/cs_naturales/100222_rocas_sedimentarias/compactacin.html&ei=EjU4VK7uJsvLPfbRgegP&psig=AFQjCNEu2d33cpDTU9PZlpY7_YiMd8UzVQ&ust=1413056110060844

Overpressured pore fluids incorporated in the clay, mainly water and methane, make it semi-liquid and force it up through fissures in the crust, producing an outflowing mass of mud on the surface.

Mud volcanoes are characterized by a highly diffuse soil degassing. The emitted gaseous phase is normally dominated by methane (CH4).

Chemical composition of water emitted resembles that of seawater, with some modifications

http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=ae8ugMsYFI-Z-M&tbnid=yC3MKWWrgyTjiM:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.gia.az/view.php?lang=az&menu=1&id=1365&ei=_4w5VPOKPMjFPe3SgLAK&psig=AFQjCNFeh81GSaXy6XFpSr_jMbQK0vCRQA&ust=1413144079251826

MACALUBE DI ARAGONA

MACALUBE DI ARAGONA

GRIFONE (GRYPHON)

COLATE DI FANGO (MUD FLOWS)

MACALUBE DI ARAGONA

SALSA (SALSA LAKE)

Fonte: ANSA

MACALUBE DI ARAGONA

PAROSSISMO (PAROXYSM)

LAST PAROXYSMS - 1998 - 2005 - 2008 - 2010 - 2012 - 2014

http://www.google.it/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=wRwqmfOZVmNPfM&tbnid=DO3NQ7NWHBpv4M:&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://www.ansa.it/scienza/notizie/rubriche/terrapoli/2014/09/27/che-cosa-sono-i-vulcanelli-di-fango_d7bbf82e-f206-47db-9bd4-01ea0c7058ef.html&ei=0EM4VPbQLsHYPKLXgfgN&psig=AFQjCNEzaUX7Et0B9aGwb2nY_8SVbJeqdQ&ust=1413059699010899

MACALUBE DI TERRAPELATA

MACALUBE DI TERRAPELATA

During the last paroxysm from Terrapelata mud volcanoes, dated August 2008, damages of millions of Euros were caused by a near-surface seismic shock induced by a strong gas blast. Within a radius of several hundreds of meters the walls of several buildings were damaged by the opening of wide cracks and many roads were interrupted by deep fractures.

SALINELLE DI PATERNO’

SALINELLE DI SAN BIAGIO


GRIFONI (GRYPHONS)

FRATTURE DI CONTRAZIONE (MUD CRACKS)


POLLA (MUD POOL)


COLATE DI FANGO (MUD FLOWS)

https://geosciencemammino.wordpress.com/



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