Pescato siciliano. La qualità, tra territorialità e tradizione

5/10/2018 Pescato siciliano. La qualit , tra territorialit e tradizione - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pescato-siciliano-la-qualita-tra-territorialita-e-tradizione 1/82

_ZD-AK- % _ZDaafdjfhftî( k qfA{zKwwd dhfekmtdzk

Fh ~zicktti â ~zieiqqi odhh‖dqqiafdwfimk HDMOQ IMH[Q k fflmdmwfdti odh Of~dztfekmti okchf fmtkz|kmtf ~kzhd ~kqad okhh‖Dqqkqqizdti okhhk zfqizqk dczfaihk k dhfekmtdzf okhhd Zkcfimk Qfafhfdmd( ~kz hd zkdhfwwdwfimk of

fmfwfdtf|k fflmdhfwwdtk dhhd aimiqakmwd( of|{hcdwfimk k |dhizfwwdwfimk okh qkttizk fttfai

^kqadti qfafhfdmi

Hd t{dhfî( zd kzzfizfdhfî k zdofwfimk

^ k q a d t i

q f a f h f d m i



_ZD-AK- % _ZDaafdjfhftî( k qfA{zKwwd dhfekmtdzk

Fh ~zicktti â ~zieiqqi odhh‖dqqiafdwfimk HDMOQ IMH[Q k fflmdmwfdti odh Of~dztfekmti okchf fmtkz|kmtf ~kzhd ~kqad okhh‖Dqqkqqizdti okhhk zfqizqk dczfaihk k dhfekmtdzf okhhd Zkcfimk Qfafhfdmd( ~kz hd zkdhfwwdwfimk of

fmfwfdtf|k fflmdhfwwdtk dhhd aimiqakmwd( of|{hcdwfimk k |dhizfwwdwfimk okh qkttizk fttfai

^kqadti qfafhfdmi

Hd t{dhfî( zd kzzfizfdhfî k zdofwfimk

^ k

q a d t i

q f a f h f d m i



Od oi|k |fkmk fh ~kqak abk qf aie~zd dh ekzadi i odh zf|kmofizk of fflo{afd9 T{dmoi k aiek â qdi~kqadi9 T{dh â fh q{i czdoi of aimqkz|dwfimk k hk q{k adzdkzfqfabk m{zfwfimdhf9 M{ekziqk qimi hkoiedmok abk qizcimi q~imdmkk mkh aimq{edizk icmf |ihd abk okafok of ldzk {m dat{fqi of ~zioiiffai- H‖kqfckmwd of zfq~imokzk d t{kqk oiedmok( d {khd okh aimq{edizk k okh ekzadi( â d||kzfd

qke~zk ~fö q~kqqi qfd odchf i~kzdizf okh qkizk abk odhhk fqf{wfimf of aie~kkmwd- Hd qkc{kmk~{jjhfadwfimk mdqak aiek i{~{ ~zfmaf~dhk okh ~zicki _ZD-AK- % _ZDaafdjfhfî( k qfA{zKwwd dhfekmdzk7 {md~~ziaafi aie{mk ~kz hd |dhizfwwdwfimk okh ~zioii ffai qfafhfdmi( ~zieiqqi odhh‖dqqiafdwfimk HDMOQIMH[Q k fflmdmwfdi odh Of~dzfekmi okchf fmkz|kmf ~kz hd ~kqad okhh‖Dqqkqqizdi okhhk zfqizqk dczfaihk kdhfekmdzf okhhd Zkcfimk Qfafhfdmd( ~kz hd zkdhfwwdwfimk of fmfwfdf|k fflmdhfwwdk dhhd aimiqakmwd( of|{hcdwfimk k|dhizfwwdwfimk okh qkizk ffai- Fh ~zicki mdqak ~zfmaf~dhekmk odhhd |ihimî of qkmqfjfhfwwdzk f aimq{edizfdhhd t{dhfî k dhhd qfa{zkwwd okf ~zioif ffaf qfafhfdmf( of fmlizedzhf zfq~ki dh ~kzaizqi abk fh ~zioii ffaiaie~fk ~zfed of dzzf|dzk d d|ihd k dh zkhdf|i qfqked of zdaafdjfhfî abk hi daaie~dcmd- Dhhi qkqqi ke~iqf ~zi~imk of ~zie{i|kzk ~zkqqi chf i~kzdizf okh qkizk ffai hd aimiqakmwd of ekiof of akzfffladwfimk okhhd

t{dhfî k zdaafdjfhfî doidjfhf dmabk fm |fzö of {m aie~hkqqf|i efchfizdekmi okhhd aie~kff|fî dwfkmodhk-Fh ~zicki bd ~kzekqqi of zkdhfwwdzk {m‖fmkzkqqdmk fmodcfmk aimiqaff|d q{f ~zioif ffaf qfafhfdmf k q{hhk~ziq~kf|k l{{zk of q|fh{~~i okh qkizk( dzd|kzqi {md o{~hfak zfakzad q{h ade~i( abk od {m hdi bddmdhfwwdi hk kmokmwd okf aimq{ef of ~zioif ffaf mkh kzzfizfi okhhd ~zi|fmafd of ^dhkzei k odhh‖dhzi bdfmodcdi hd aimiqakmwd k d~~hfadwfimk ~zdfad( mkf ~ziakqqf ~zio{f|f( okf aimakf of zdaafdjfhfî k t{dhfîokh ~kqadi hiadhk zd hk dwfkmok k f zd~~zkqkmdmf okchf kmf abk i~kzdmi mkh aie~dzi ffai zkcfimdhk- Fh~zicki bd ~kzekqqi of k|fokmwfdzk {m kqzkei fmkzkqqk od ~dzk of {m‖de~fd aie~dcfmk of aimq{edizfabk dat{fqd djf{dhekmk ~zioii ffai( zfaimiqakmoi fm kqqi khk|dk ~zi~zfkî izcdmihkfabk k m{zfwfimdhf

Fh ~zicktti _ZD-AK-



k zfkmkmoi chf i~kzdizf ffaf okh kzzfizfi cdzdmfk zkq~imqdjfhf of {m khk|di czdoi of t{dhfî kckm{fmfî okh ~zioii( ofeiqzdmoi aiqè abk hkm{ekziqk ade~dcmk fmlizedf|k ~kz hd

|dhizfwwdwfimk okh ~zioii fmofzfwwdzk dfaimq{edizf bdmmi qizfi kllkf ~iqff|fq{hh‖i~fmfimk ~{jjhfad k ~zijdjfhekmk bdmmicdzdmfi {m fe~{hqi ~iqff|i q{f aimq{ef fmckmkzdhk- Chf i~kzdizf of fflhfkzd d~~dfimi o‖dhziadmi jkm aiqafkmf okhhk ~ikmwfdhfî okh qkizkk okhhk zfado{k ~iqff|k okf m{i|f qz{ekmfmizedf|f of zkcihdekmdwfimk okhhd ~zio{wfimk~zfedzfd( czdwfk dmabk d {md ~ziffla{d

aihhdjizdwfimk abk qf â fmqd{zdd qfd aim chf kmfof zfakzad abk aim hk deefmfqzdwfimf ~{jjhfabkaie~kkmf- Kekzck o‖dhzimok hd mkakqqfî offe~hkekmdzk chf fmkz|kmf lizedf|f fm ld|izk okhqkizk k f d|ihf of aimakzdwfimk( ~kz d||fdzkaimazkdekmk {m ~ziakqqi of |dhizfwwdwfimk okh~zioii ffai qfafhfdmi( hkcdi d {md kzzfizfdhfîzfaad of zdofwfimf k qizfd( fm czdoi of illzfzk {m{hkzfizk |dhizk dccf{mi dh ~zioii- Fh ~zicki bdzd~~zkqkmdi fm dh qkmqi {m czdmok ~dqqid|dmf fm t{kqi ~kzaizqi k {m‖ifed iaadqfimkof fmaimzf ~kz {f chf dizf okhhd fflhfkzd- Fmldf(ihzk dhhd ldqk dmdhffad k of zdaaihd oia{ekmdhk(qimi qdk zkdhfwwdk dwfimf zf|ihk dhhd ofll{qfimkokf aimakf of zdaafdjfhfî k t{dhfî( abk bdmmi|fqi hd zkdhfwwdwfimk of {m siz`qbi~ d adzdkzkkamfai%qafkmffflai( fmakmzdi q{f ~zfmaf~dhfdccfizmdekmf k zfq|ihf kamfaf hkcdf dhhd

zdaafdjfhfî mkhh‖fmo{qzfd okf ~zioif ffaf( dhhdakzfffladwfimk of t{dhfî dejfkmdhk k of ~ziakqqidh fflmk of aimzfj{fzk dhhd ofll{qfimk of fmlizedwfimfdccfizmdk dchf dookf df hd|izf( k hd zkdhfwwdwfimk

of {m k|kmi fflmdhk ~kz ldz aimiqakzk dfaimq{edizf h‖fmkzi ~ziakqqi of hd|izdwfimk okh~kqadi( |dhizfwwdmoi chf dq~kf qizfai a{h{zdhfokhhd ~kqad k okhhd cdqzimiefd-F ~dzkaf~dmf bdmmi d|{i fmldf hd ~iqqfjfhfî ofaimiqakzk k q~kzfekmdzk of ~kzqimd hkadzdkzfqfabk okh ~kqadi( dmabk od {m ~{mi of|fqd izcdmihkfai k m{zfwfimdhk- O{zdmk h‖k|kmifflmdhk â qdi ~zkqkmdi dmabk fh ~zioii of

aie{mfadwfimk e{hfekofdhk( {m |foki%oia{ekmdzfi fm a{f qimi zdaaihf f aimzfj{f ofldeiqf zfqizdizf hiadhf ko kq~kzf ofdhfekmdwfimk k jfiof|kzqfî( q{hhi qlimoi okhzdaaimi ~kz feedcfmf ko kq~kzfkmwk okhh‖fmkzi~kzaizqi okhhd fflhfkzd ffad hiadhk- Hi qz{ekmi ofaie{mfadwfimk k qkmqfjfhfwwdwfimk ~zfmaf~dhk( abkbd daaie~dcmdi fh ~zicki fm {k hk q{k ldqf( âqdi fh qfi skj q{h ~zioii ffai"zdakhdmoq-sizo~zkqq-aie&( dmfedi od {mdzkodwfimk okofadd k d~kzi df aimzfj{f of {dhd aie{mfî skj( ofll{qi fm zkk dzd|kzqi f ~föfe~izdmf qiafdh mksiz` k fh edkzfdhkfmlizedf|i k ~zieiwfimdhk-



Fh ~zicki _ZD-AK-

Dhhd qai~kzd okh ~zioii$ffaiAdzdkzfqfabk m{zfwfimdhfAdzdkzfqfabk izcdmihkfabk k lzkqabkwwd

Hk qdcfimf okf ~zioif ffafAdzdkzfqfabk okhhd fflhfkzd ffad fm$Qfafhfd^kqad k dat{daih{zdFh ~kzaizqi odhh‖dat{d dhhd d|ihd

_zdaafdjfhfî( zfmzdaafdjfhfî k t{dhfî okh ~kqadiQdi d{dhk okhhd mizedf|dHd ckqfimk okhhk ekzaf ok~kzfjfhf k h‖klfflafkmwd okf ~ziakqqf hicfqfaf okhhd fflhfkzd ffadHd fflhfkzd FttfadHd ckqtfimk okhhd fflhfkzd k h‖kqfckmwd of aimtzihhiQfqtked of tzdaafdjfhftî k aiizofmdekmti okhhd fflhfkzd

Aiqtf k Jkmkfflaf [m m{i|i qfqked ~kz h‖kfabkd{zd d jizoi okf ~zioif okhhd ~kqad d qzdqafai_kamihicfk fmmi|dtf|k of aimqkz|dwfimk okh cdejkzi ziqd "^dzd~kmdk{q himcfziqtzfq& okh cdejkzi ziqqi"Dzfqtdkieiz~bd lihfdakd& k okhhi qade~i "Mk~bzi~q miz|kcfa{q&_kamihicfk ~kz hd zdaafdjfhfî

Hd t{dhfî okh ~kqadi qfafhfdmi zd kzzfizfdhfî k zdofwfimk

Hk djf{ofmf of dat{fqi okf aimq{edizf hiadhfFh ekzadi ffai hiadhk |fqi odchf kq~kzf okh qkizk

Qieedzfi



Dhhd qai~kztd okh ~zioitti fttfai



^kz ~zioii ffai qf fmkmok icmf dhfekmi~zi|kmfkmk odhh‖fmo{qzfd okhhd ~kqad iodhh‖dat{daih{zd7 qf zdd ~zfmaf~dhekmk ofizcdmfqef t{dhf ~kqaf( aziqdakf k eihh{qabf

{fhfwwdf ~kz fh aimq{ei dhfekmdzk( ed |f~iqqimi kqqkzk dmabk izcdmfqef |kckdhf( aiekhk dhcbk( i hk {i|d of ~kqak( aiek fh ad|fdhk- F~zioif ffaf zf|kqimi( iccf aiek fm ~dqqdi({md czdmok fe~izdmwd mkhhd ofkd okhh‖{iei fmt{dmi qf adzdkzfwwdmi ~kz {m khk|di |dhizkm{zfwfimdhk dqqiafdi d {md mik|ihk ofckzfjfhfî-H‖Fdhfd( k fm ~dzfaihdzk hd Qfafhfd( |dmdmi{m‖dmfabfqqfed zdofwfimk edzfmdzd abk bd

okkzefmdi lizf zfado{k q{chf dq~kf a{h{zdhf kcdqzimiefaf okhhd zkcfimk- Mkchf {hfef okakmmf fhaimq{ei of ~zioii ffai fm Fdhfd â d{ekmdimik|ihekmk( zfq~kaabfdmoi fh zkmo of azkqafdeimofdhk- Hd czdmok ofqzfj{wfimk aieekzafdhfwwdmkhhd edccfiz ~dzk okf adqf ~zioif ~zi|kmfkmfodhh‖dat{daih{zd( hfefdmoiqf t{fmof d {m m{ekziof q~kafk ~f{iqi kqfc{i7 q~fcihk( izdk( zik-\kmcimi fmihzk fe~izdf ~zioif ~zi|kmfkmfodhhd ~kqad iakdmfad( cfî hd|izdf k aimlkwfimdf-Hk zkcfimf zf|fkzdqabk( qi~zd{i t{khhk fm a{f hd~kqad bd dqq{mi qizfadekmk {m‖fe~izdmwdlimodekmdhk( qimi adzdkzfwwdk fm|kak odhhd~zkqkmwd of m{ekziqf jizcbf edzfmdzf k qizfafekzadf okh ~kqak fm a{f qf |kmoimi {m edccfizm{ekzi of q~kafk ~zi|kmfkmf odhhd ~kqad hiadhk-_zd of kqqk qimi ekzfk|ihf of ~dzfaihdzkekmwfimk {k hk q~kafk zfkmzdmf mkh aiqfooki

~kqak dww{zzi( abfdedi aiqè ~kz hd aihizdwfimkokhhd hf|zkd( f~fad okhhk q~kafk abk |f|imi fmedzk d~kzi( oki dmabk ~kqak ~i|kzi ~kz fhaiqi of |kmofd ~f{iqi jdqqi t{dhf daaf{cbk(

qdzok( qciejzf kaa- Fm t{kqf ekzadf qf ~{údmaizd zfzi|dzk {md akzd qdcfimdhfî okf~zioif( oi|{d dh ldi abk dh{mk q~kafk|kmcimi ~kqadk kqah{qf|dekmk fm okkzefmdf~kzfiof okhh‖dmmi( t{dmoi ~kz adzdkzfqfabkjfihicfabk k aie~izdekmdhf qf q~fmcimiqiiaiqd i qf zdccz{~~dmi fm czdmof jdmabf-



F ~zioif ffaf zf|kqimi( iccf aiek fm~dqqdi( {md czdmok fe~izdmwd mkhhd ofkdokhh‖{iei fm t{dmi qf adzdkzfwwdmi ~kz {mkhk|di |dhizk m{zfwfimdhk dqqiafdi d {mdmik|ihk ofckzfjfhfî- Kqqf lizmfqaimi ~zikfmkof khk|dd t{dhfî( eihi jfhdmafdk odh ~{miof |fqd okhhd aie~iqfwfimk k ~zkqkmwd ofdefmidafof kqqkmwfdhf- ^zkqkmdmi {mdaie~imkmk of czdqqf abk hf ofllkzkmwfd odhhkdhzk adzmf( fm t{dmi qimi zfaabf of dafof

czdqqf d h{mcd adkmd( fmqd{zf k ~ihfmqd{zf(d~~dzkmkmf fm ~dzk dh cz{~~i okchf Iekcd1( fmofq~kmqdjfhf ~kz fh aizzki l{mwfimdekmiokhh‖izcdmfqei fm t{dmi aimzfj{fqaimi dhedmkmfekmi okhh‖fmkczfî k l{mwfimdhfîokhhk ekejzdmk akhh{hdzf0 qimi ~zkqkmffmihzk {md edccfizk ~kzakm{dhk of liqlihf~fofk {md efmizk of aihkqkzihi zfq~ki do dhzfdhfekmf- Hd aie~imkmk hf~fofad okhhk adzmf

|dzfd( ~kz eif|f ckmkfaf( zd hk of|kzqkq~kafk ed â hkcdd dmabk d ldizf kqkzmft{dhf h‖kî okhh‖dmfedhk( hd ldqk okh afahi |fdhkk h‖dhfekmdwfimk- Qimi aimqfokzdf ~kqaf~i|kzf of czdqqf( i||kzi aimkmkmf {md~kzakm{dhk of hf~fof fmlkzfizk dh 1+ fhekzh{wwi( hd qichfihd( h‖izdd k hd q~fcihd-Qimi okfflmff ~kqaf qkef%czdqqf( adzdkzfwwdfod {md ~kzakm{dhk aie~zkqd zd fh 1%2+

Adzdttkzfqtfabk m{tzfwfimdhf



h‖dzfmcd( fh qdheimk( hd qdzofmd( h‖daaf{cd( hiqciejzi( hd zfchfd( hd zid k fh zieji- Qimiokfflmff ~kqaf czdqqf t{khhf aimkmkmf {m kmizk ofhf~fof q{~kzfizk dhh‖2+ aiek h‖dmc{fhhd( hi

qciejzi k fh immi- F eihh{qabf k f aziqdakf qimifm ckmkzdhk q~kafk eihi edczk( aimkmcimifmldf 4%:+ of czdqqf fm 4>> czdeef of ~dzkko{hk "~ih~d ~zf|dd odhhi qadzi&( adzdkzfwwdfodhhd qkqqd aie~iqfwfimk fm dafof czdqqf kIekcd1 okh ~kqak-Hd hizi t{dhfî k aie~iqfwfimk |dzfdmi aim hkqdcfimf( kqqkmoi hkcdd df ~kzfiof zf~zio{f|f-

Dmabk mkf ~kqaf( hd ~kzakm{dhk of czdqqf

~zkqkmk mkf kqq{f ~{ú d{ekmdzk o{zdmk fh~kzfioi zf~zio{f|i0 fmihzk ~kqaf of dat{daih{zddhfekmdf aim edmcfef dzffflafdhf qimi ~fö zfaabf ofczdqqi zfq~ki dchf fmof|fo{f okhhd qkqqd q~kafk|fqq{f fm aimofwfimf qkh|dfabk-F ~zioif ffaf qimi zfaabf of khkekmf efmkzdhf( ofa{f ekzfdmi ~dzfaihdzk ekmwfimk fh qkhkmfi(fe~izdmk ~kz hd ~zikwfimk okhhk akhh{hk odfodmmf iqqfodf|f( hi fiofi( ~zkqkmk qi~zd{i mkf~kqaf of edzk( fh liqlizi( fh ~idqqfi( hi wfmai( fh

adhafi( ekmzk fh lkzzi â aimkm{i fm t{dmfîfmlkzfizf zfq~ki dhhk dhzk adzmf- \imcihk( aiwwk kiqzfabk qimi dmabk zfaabk of wfmai( edcmkqfi klkzzi0 aimkmcimi fmihzk fh :%1+ of w{aabkzf "fmlized of chfaickmi& {fhfwwdf od t{kqk q~kafkaiek zfqkz|d kmkzckfad-

Mkf ~kqaf aimkmkmf {md edccfizk t{dmfî ofczdqqf qimi ~zkqkmf okf j{imf kmizf of |fdefmk

D ko K mkhhd e{qaihd{zd( ekmzk mkf ~kqaf d ~föjdqqi kmizk of czdqqf |f â {md j{imd t{dmfî of

|fdefmd O aimkm{d mkh lkcdi "eihk ~kzqimkzfaizokzdmmi fh ldeiqi ihfi of lkcdi of ekzh{wwi&-_{k hk j{imk adzdkzfqfabk m{zfwfimdhf okqazfkqimi kqdhdk od {m‖khk|dd edqfadjfhfî kofckzfjfhfî of t{kqf ~zioif( oi|{d d {mdedccfizk ~kzakm{dhk of dat{d ~zkqkmk mkfkqq{f k {md efmizk ~kzakm{dhk of kqq{iaimmkf|i-^{zzi~~i f ~kqaf( fm t{dmi dmfedhf dat{dfaf(

qimi ~dzfaihdzekmk q{qakfjfhf dhhdaimdefmdwfimk od fmt{fmdmf dejfkmdhf-Qi~zd{i f ~kqaf ~zkodizf( aihhiadmoiqf df ~födhf |kzfaf okhhd adkmd dhfekmdzk( zfak|imi {khk qiqdmwk daa{e{hdk mkf ~dqqdccf ~zkakokmf-F ~zfmaf~dhf aimdefmdmf dejfkmdhf qimi f ekdhhf~kqdmf k hk ofiqqfmk( kmzdejf ~zi|kmfkmf fmczdm ~dzk odchf qadzfabf fmo{qzfdhf k {zjdmf k odf|kzqdekmf fm edzk of qiqdmwk miaf|k-Liz{mddekmk hd hkcck â eihi qk|kzd k fe~imk

okf hfeff ~f{iqi jdqqf of aimakmzdwfimk oft{kqf khkekmf mkhhk adzmf okf ~zioif od|kmokzk0 fmihzk hd edccfiz ~dzk okhhk qiqdmwkiqqfabk kmok do daa{e{hdzqf mkf kqq{f mimkofjfhf t{dhf lkcdi( akz|khhi k fmkqfmi( ko â~zkqkmk qihi fm efmfed ~dzk mkhhd e{qaihd{zd-



Hd adzmk of ~kqak( ~kz q{d ~dzfaihdzk aie~iqfwfimk( âqicckd d zdqlizedwfimf abfefai%fflqfabk abkokkzefmdmi {m ok~kzfekmi okh ~zioii eihi |khiak-Hk eif|dwfimf of t{kqd edccfizk ok~kzfjfhfî qimi od

zfakzadzqf fm o{k ad{qk limodekmdhf7% {md efmizk aimakmzdwfimk of chfaickmi e{qaihdzk( abkqf zde{d fm |dhizf ~fö khk|df of ~B okhhk adzmf7 t{kqdaimofwfimk ld|izfqak hd aimdefmdwfimk jdkzfad k hd~{zkldwfimk0% {md edccfizk ~kzakm{dhk of dafof czdqqf fmqd{zf abkkmoimi d fzzdmafofzk zd~fodekmk dmabk dhhkke~kzd{zk of zklzfckzdwfimk-

Adzdttkzfqtfabk izcdmihkttfabk k lzkqabkwwd



H‖df|fî jdkzfad qf fmqd{zd t{fmof ~fö|khiakekmk mkf ~zioif ffaf zfq~ki dhhk adzmfziqqk( k ~izd d {md okaie~iqfwfimk okf kqq{fabk aimlkzfqak dh ~kqak ioizf qczdok|ihf ~kz hd

~zkqkmwd of eihkaihk abfefabk( zd a{fh‖deeimfdad k h‖fozickmi qihlizdi( abkaimlkzfqaimi dh ~zioii {m ioizk qczdok|ihk-^kz dhh{mcdzk f ke~f of aimqkz|dwfimk okf~zioif ffaf â d{q~fadjfhk abk( oi~i hd ad{zd(qfdmi feekofddekmk k|fqakzdf k zklzfckzdf fh~fö |khiakekmk ~iqqfjfhk( aiqè od fmkzzie~kzkh‖df|fî okchf kmwfef okh zdi ofckzkmk abk~iqqimi cfiadzk {m z{ihi of {md akzd fe~izdmwd

mkf ~ziakqqf of okczdodwfimk ~zikfad- H‖df|fîof t{kqf kmwfef â aie{mt{k mik|ihekmkfm{kmwdd odhhd qdcfimk of ad{zd( fm t{dmid{ekmd mkh ~kzfioi of edqqfed dhfekmdwfimkaifmafokmk aim fh ~kzfioi okhhd zf~zio{wfimk-H‖ioizk â fh ~zfei dq~ki adzdkzfqfai okh czdoiof lzkqabkwwd okh ~zioii( hk eiofffladwfimfq{aakqqf|k qf |kzfffladmi d adzfai okhh‖dq~kikqkzmi( abk ~kzok hd f~fad fzfokqakmwd kjzfhhdmkwwd okh ~kqak d~~kmd ~kqadi( mkh

okdchfi7% chf iaabf kmoimi aim fh ke~i d fmliqqdzqf k hd~{~fhhd d~~dzk ~fö ofhddd0% hk jzdmabfk( od ziqqk k {efok( of|kmdmiczdo{dhekmk ~fö qa{zk k dqaf{k0% h‖dooiek( abk mkh ~kqak d~~kmd ~kqadi â{zcfoi k fmkczi( of|kmd eihhk k zfcimffli0

% hd ~khhk( abk zf|kqk h‖izcdmfqei( od khdqfad kjzfhhdmk of|kmd czfmwiqd( ~kzabæ hk qadchfkkmoimi d qihhk|dzqf odh qiiqdmk okzed(d~~dzk qkaad k i~dad-

M{ekziqf kq~kzf zfkmcimi abk fh ~kqak dww{zzi"dhfak( qdzod( qciejzi kaa-& |d aimq{edilzkqabfqqfei( d~~kmd ~kqadi( fm t{dmi hk q{kt{dhfî izcdmihkfabk ok~kzfqaimi |khiakekmk- F~kqaf abk |f|imi |fafmi df limodhf "akldhi( zfchfd ofldmci( qdh~d kaa-& |dmmi {fhfwwdf |khiakekmk dad{qd okh hizi aimkm{i ofckzkmk( abk ldafhfd hd~{zkldwfimk- Hk q~kafk efczdzfaf( abkdaazkqaimi eihi hd hizi edqqd e{qaihdzk

"~kqak q~dod( immi kaa-&( bdmmi jfqicmi ofkqqkzk ‘lzihhdf― fm lzfcizflkzi( aiqè aiek d||fkmk~kz dha{mf izcdmfqef kzzkqzf7 hk hizi adzmfdat{fqfqaimi {m qd~izk efchfizk oi~i d|kzkqd{zfi fh hizi zfciz%eizfq k qf ~zkqdmi ekchfidhhd aimqkz|dwfimk-F ~kqaf of qaichfi "qaizldmi( zfchfd of qaichfi kaa-&abk qimi aieekzafdhekmk eihi ~zkcfdf(~iqqimi kqqkzk aimq{edf lzkqabfqqfef7 hk hiziadzmf qimi jfdmabk k eizjfok( fokdhf dmabk ~kz

kqqkzk aimq{edf az{of-Hd lziok ~fö ofll{qd zfqaimzdjfhk q{h ekzadiaimqfqk mkh zd||f|dzk fh aihizk okhhk jzdmabfkekofdmk {m zddekmi aim mfzdf i deeimfdad0d |ihk fh ~zioii |fkmk zdllzkoodi i fe~zkcmdio‖dat{d ~kz ikmkzk {m zdqqiodekmi okhhkadzmf-



Fh ektioi ~fö aie{mk( dmabk ~kz f mimkq~kztf( of |dh{tdwfimk okhhd lzkqabkwwd~zk|kok7% {m kqdek |fqf|i7 iqqkz|dzk h‖iaabfi( fhaihizk okhhk jzdmabfk k okhhd a{tk( hd~zkqkmwd of e{ai( k|kmt{dhf l{izf{qaftk ofedtkzfdhk okhh‖fmtkqtfmi k dhtkzdwfimfaimqkc{kmtf d adttf|d edm{dhftî of ~kqad i ofaimqkz|dwfimk( do kqke~fi hd ~zkqkmwd ofhdakzdwfimf okhhd a{tk0

% kqdek ihldttf|i7 h‖ioizk( |dh{tdti d hf|khhiokhh‖d~kzt{zd jzdmabfdhk( â {mi okf adzdttkzf~fö fe~iztdmtf ~kz d~~zkwwdzk fh zkdhk qtdti oflzkqabkwwd- Fh ~kqak lzkqai bd fh tf~fai ioizkof edzk i of dhcbk( aim fh tke~i of|kmtd edmedmi ~fö md{qkdmtk0% kqdek tdttfhk7 aim hk edmf â ~iqqfjfhkd~~zkwwdzk hd aimqfqtkmwd okhhd e{qaihdt{zd"do kq- ekofdmtk |dh{tdwfimk okhh‖fe~zimtd

hdqafdtd odhhd ~dh~dwfimk& k |dh{tdzk hkadzdttkzfqtfabk k hk qkmqdwfimf abk mkkekzcimi "qkmqi of cieeiqftî( of qkaabkwwdkaa-&-



Aiek d||fkmk mkhh‖dejfi okhh‖dczfaih{zd( dmabk ~kz f ~zioifffaf qf ~{ú ~dzhdzk of qdcfimdhfî( i||kzi of ~zkqkmwd of {mdedccfizk t{dmfî of ~zioii fm okkzefmdf ~kzfiof okhh‖dmmi(abk of|kmd {m khkekmi {fhk ~kz ad~fzk t{dmoi â ~iqqfjfhkdat{fqdzk fh ~kqak dh efchfiz ~zkwwi ko kqqkz akzf okhhd q{dt{dhfî- Fh aimaki of qdcfimdhfî ~kz hd ~kqad â hkcdi dof|kzqf ldizf abk of~kmoimi mkhhd edccfiz ~dzk okf adqf odadzdkzfqfabk jfihicfabk okhhk q~kafk( odhhd hizi ~zi|kmfkmwd kodhhd oiedmod of ~zioii ffai okh ekzadi- ^kz t{dmizfc{dzod hk adzdkzfqfabk jfihicfabk |f qimi {md qkzfk of

~dzdekzf abk fm{fqaimi q{hhd ~kqad aiek h‖fmafokmwd okh~kzfioi zf~zio{f|i( abk okkzefmd fh zdccz{~~dekmi okfqfmcihf fmof|fo{f fm jdmabf k hf zkmok t{fmof ~fö ldafhekmk~kqadjfhf fm czdmof t{dmfî( i hk efczdwfimf( abk dha{mk q~kafk~khdcfabk aiek fh ~kqak q~dod i fh immi kllk{dmi fmokkzefmdf ~kzfiof ~kz a{f t{kqk q~kafk |kmcimi ad{zdkqizfadekmk fm edmfkzd qdcfimdhk- [m dhzi khkekmi abkld|izfqak hd ~kqad of dha{mk q~kafk fm okkzefmdf ~kzfiof â hdke~kzd{zd okhh‖dat{d abk fmafok ld|izkmoi h‖d||fafmdekmi

okhhk q~kafk dhhk wimk aiqfkzk- Fh ~kzfioi okhh‖dmmi fm a{f fh~zkwwi â ~fö aim|kmfkmk â h‖d{{mmi fm t{dmi h‖illkzd q~kqqikmok d kqqkzk q{~kzfizk dhhd oiedmod( d ad{qd of {m adhi okfaimq{ef abk kmok fm|kak d zdccf{mckzk fh q{i ~faai ~fökhk|di mkh ~kzfioi mddhfwfi k fm kqdk- Hd ~kqad â {m‖df|fîlizkekmk fm{kmwdd odhhk aimofwfimf ekki edzfmk abkfmafoimi q{hhd t{dmfî of ~zioii ~kqadi t{ifofdmdekmk kt{fmof q{h ~zkwwi dhhd |kmofd- Izfkmdf|dekmk qf ~iqqimizfkmkzk |dhfok hk fmofadwfimf okh qkc{kmk adhkmodzfi ffai-

Hk qtdcfimf okf ~zioittf fttfaf



Adhkmodzfi fttfai



Adzdttkzfqtfabk okhhd fflhfkzd fttfad fm$Qfafhfd



Hd fflhfkzd ffad aie~zkmok {f f ~dqqdccf abk {m~zioii aie~fk odhhd ldqk of ~kqad "i zdaaihdmkh adqi okhh‖dat{daih{zd& fflmi dhhd |kmofdofzkd dh aimq{edizk- Hd mizedf|d aie{mfdzfd

k mdwfimdhk fm t{kqi dejfi ~zk|kok abk {f f~dqqdccf okhhd fflhfkzd qfdmi okqazff k akzfffladf(dmi od ~ikz ~kzaizzkzk {d hd adkmd qfd fm {mqkmqi abk mkhh‖dhzi- Â mkchf {hfef dmmf abk qimiof|kmdf aie{mf mkh hfmc{dccfi f kzefmf of‘zdaafdjfhfî― k ‘zfmzdaafdjfhfî― abk okqazf|imio{k ~ziakqqf ~dzdhhkhf k q~ka{hdzf7 hd zdaafdjfhfîâ fh ~ziakqqi abk qkc{k fh ~zioii od eimk d|dhhk okhhd fflhfkzd fm eioi abk( d icmf ~dqqdccfifmkzekofi( |kmcdmi hdqafdk i~~iz{mk zdaak"fmlizedwfimf&- Hd zfmzdaafdjfhfî â fh ~ziakqqifm|kzqi( abk ~kzekk of zdaaichfkzk hkfmlizedwfimf ~zkakokmkekmk zfhdqafdk(zfqdhkmoi fh ~kzaizqi odhh‖{hfed ldqk fflmi dhhd~zio{wfimk- Hd ekqqd fm ~zdfad of t{kqf~ziakofekmf okkzefmd {md qkzfk of zfado{k~iqff|k q{hh‖fmkzi qkizk fm t{dmi od {m hdiefchfizdmi hd qfa{zkwwd okh aimq{edizk( ~kzabæld|izfqaimi hd ckqfimk k h‖fmkz|kmi okchf izcdmf

aie~kkmf ~kz fh aimzihhi qdmfdzfi( odhh‖dhzid{ekmdmi hk fmlizedwfimf df aimq{edizf k hdad~dafî of aie{mfadwfimk okhhk dwfkmok(efchfizdmoi fm ckmkzdhk hd zdq~dzkmwd okhhdfflhfkzd-

T{kqf ~ziakofekmf zd~~zkqkmdmi okhhki~~iz{mfî aimazkk of cdzdmwfd ~kz hd qfa{zkwwdk hd {khd okh aimq{edizk( lizmkmoiaimke~izdmkdekmk zkdhf |dmdccf ~kz f

~zio{izf k ~kz hd {khd okf ~zioif hiadhf- Hiqz{ekmi ~zfmaf~dhk od a{f fh aimq{edizk ~{úzdzzk hk fmlizedwfimf okhhd fflhfkzd zkhdf|k d {m~zioii â qfa{zdekmk h‖kfabkd( abk zf~izd{md qkzfk of ekmwfimf ijjhfcdizfk t{dhf hdokmiefmdwfimk of |kmofd( hd t{dmfî( fh miek okh~zio{izk( fh h{ici o‖izfcfmk i ~zi|kmfkmwd k fhhii- Mkh adqi okf ~zioif ffaf lzkqabf( |kmo{fdhhi qdi ql{qi( hk fmlizedwfimf qimi zf~izdk q{hadzkhhi of |kmofd d~~iqi dh aie~dzi i dhjdmai-



^kz ~zio{wfimk ~zfedzfd mkh qkizk ffai qffmkmoimi hk df|fî of ~kqad k dat{daih{zdmimabæ {k hk i~kzdwfimf aimmkqqk dhhd~zk~dzdwfimk okh ~zioii( qk q|ihk d jizoi(aiek hd edakhhdwfimk( fh ofqqdmc{dekmi( hdokad~fdwfimk( h‖k|fqakzdwfimk( fh dchfi okhhk~fmmk( hd zklzfckzdwfimk k fh aimlkwfimdekmi-Hd ~kqad fm Qfafhfd zd~~zkqkmd {md zkdhîkaimiefad k qizfad kqzkedekmkfe~izdmk qfd mkh ~dmizded zkcfimdhk abk

mkhh‖fmkzi aimkqi fdhfdmi7 hd id~kqabkzkaafd qfafhfdmd zd~~zkqkmd fmldfafzad fh :;+ okf jdkhhf i~kzdmf d hf|khhimdwfimdhk- Hk kamfabk of ~kqad ~fö ofll{qkqimi t{khhk zfkmzdmf mkh qkcekmi okhhdaiqfookd ~faaihd ~kqad( adzdkzfwwddodhh‖{fhfwwi of fejdzadwfimf mim q{~kzfizf dhhk4> immkhhdk of qdwwd hizod kodhh‖fe~iqqfjfhfî of q~fmckzqf ihzk hk :>

efchfd odhhd aiqd- Hk ofekmqfimf zfoik okfmddmf k hk hfefdwfimf q~dwfdhf aimlkzfqaimi dt{kqk fejdzadwfimf {md zfoid ad~dafî ofad{zd ed dmabk {md edccfizk |kzqdfhfî kefmizf aiqf of edmkmfekmi- F ~zfmaf~dhfdzkwwf okhhd ~faaihd ~kqad qimi hk zkf od~iqd7 kqqk bdmmi {md lized zkdmcihdzk kt{dmoi qimi adhdk fm dat{d edmkmcimi hdhizi ~iqfwfimk czdwfk dhh‖dwfimk okf ~fiejf

^kqad k dat{daih{zd



q{hhd hfed fmlkzfizk k okf cdhhkccfdmf q{hhd hfedq{~kzfizk- Hk ~zfmaf~dhf zkf od ~iqd qfofqfmc{imi fm ‘zkf d fejziaai― k ‘zkf dzkedchfi―- H‖fejziaai â {m f~i of zkk fm a{f fh

~kqak( mkh kmdf|i of ~dqqdzk odhh‖dhzd ~dzk(fmfflhd hd kqd mkhhk edchfk fflmi dhhk jzdmabfk ~kza{f mim ~{ú izmdzk fmofkzi mæ dmodzk d|dmf(|fqi abk hd afzaimlkzkmwd okh aiz~i â edccfizkokhhk edchfk qkqqk0 â fmldf dzd|kzqi hkofekmqfimf okhhk edchfk okhhk zkk abk fh~kqadizk zfkqak d qkhkwfimdzk hd dchfd okchffmof|fo{f od ad{zdzk- Fh zkedchfi â fm|kak {mdzkk od ~iqd fflqqd aiqf{fd od 1 zkfqi|zd~~iqk7 t{khhd akmzdhk â hd ~fö czdmok ~kzofekmqfimf k bd hk edchfk ~fö ~faaihk of t{khhkkqkzmk7 t{kqd adzdkzfqfad ~kzekk ofikmkzk h‖fmqdaadekmi okh ~kqak( abk oi~id|kz q{~kzdi hd edchfd kqkzmd ~fö czdmokzfedmk fmzd~~ihdi fm t{khhd fmkzekofd ~fö~faaihd- Dhzf dzkwwf eihi aie{mf qimi hkaiqfookk ‘zd~~ihk―( of a{f hd f~ihicfd ~föaimiqaf{d â t{khhd okhhk mdqqk( okhhk |kzk k~zi~zfk qz{{zk abk qf ~iqfwfimdmi q{h limodhk-

Hk mdqqk ~iqqimi kqqkzk zkdhfwwdk fm |fefmf(cf{mai i zkf eimdk q{ fmkhdfd{zk zfcfok fmhkcmi i lkzzi- Hd jiaad of fmczkqqi( d lized offej{i( ~kzekk h‖kmzdd okh ~kqak ed mkfe~kofqak h‖{qafd0 qihfdekmk dh hizi fmkzmi qffmqkzfqaimi okhhk kqabk ~kz dfzdzk ~kqaf(eihh{qabf k aziqdakf- F ~kqadizf adhdmi ~fömdqqk aimke~izdmkdekmk mkhhk wimk

qdcfimdhekmk lzkt{kmdk odhhk q~kafk abk qf|ichfimi ad{zdzk( {mfk zd hizi dzd|kzqi {mdaizod- Dhzk kamfabk of ~kqad( ~dzfaihdzekmkofll{qk q{h kzzfizfi zkcfimdhk( zfkmzdmi mkhhd

aiqfookd ~kqad ~khdcfad i||kzi t{khhdkllk{dd od fejdzadwfimf of ekofd czdmokwwdaie~zkqd zd hk :> k hk 4:> immkhhdk of qdwwdhizod- _zd chf dzkwwf ~fö aie{mf |f qimi hk zkf dafza{fwfimk aimiqaf{k dmabk aim fh miek of‘afdmafihi― i ‘hde~dzk―7 t{kqk zkf( adhdk fmedzk( ~kzekimi of zkafmckzk( d~~{mi afza{fzk(k ad{zdzk {m fmkzi jdmai of ~kqaf- Hk zkf~iqqimi kqqkzk adhdk od {md i o{kfejdzadwfimf- Fh afdmafihi â {md f~ihicfd ofdzkwwi {fhfwwdd ~kz ad{zdzk fh ~kqak ~khdcfai(i||kzi t{khhi abk |f|k fm edzk d~kzi( aiek fh~kqak dww{zzi "daaf{cbk( qdzok( qciejzf& i dmabkq~kafk eihi ~fö czdmof aiek fh immi( {fhfwwdmoiabfdzdekmk zkf eihi ~fö de~fk- Eihi q~kqqit{kqd kamfad of ~kqad â dqqiafdd dhh‖{fhfwwi ofqz{{zk cdhhkccfdmf abk l{mcimi od khkekmf ofdcczkcdwfimk okh ~kqak( aiek d||fkmk mkh adqiokhhd ~kqad okhhd hde~{cd aim f ‘admmfwwf―(

i||kzi lichfk of ~dhed cdhhkccfdmf-Fh qfqked of ~kqad ~zk|dhkmk fm dha{mk dzkkqfafhfdmk â t{khhi okhhd ~kqad aim hd zkk dqzdqafai( abk zfkmzd mkhhk aiqfookk zkf odzdfmi( abk |kmcimi zfeizabfdk odhh‖fejdzadwfimkk ad{zdmi chf izcdmfqef edzfmf mkh hizi~ziczkqqf|i d|dmwdekmi-



Hd zkk d qzdqafai â aimiqaf{d dmabk aiek‘~dzdmwd―( t{kqi f~i of zkk â adzdkzfwwdd od{md ~dzk fmlkzfizk abk |fkmk d ofzki aimdiaim fh limoi qdjjfiqi i ldmciqi( dzdmoihi-

T{kqd f~ihicfd of ~kqad â qdd ekqqd q~kqqiqii daa{qd ~kz h‖fe~di abk okkzefmd q{hhk~zdkzfk of ldmkzicdek edzfmk aiek hd ^iqfoimfdiakdmfad( do icmf eioi â {md kamfad abk~kzekk of ad{zdzk m{ekziqk q~kafk ffabk ofczdmok ~zkcfi aieekzafdhk k c{qi- F ~dhdmcdzfqimi dzkwwf abk fe~fkcdmi qfe{hdmkdekmk ~födef dhhfmkdf h{mci {m ad|i ~zfmaf~dhk( abfdedizd|k( h{mci dmabk of|kzqf abfhiekzf- Aim f~dhdmcdzf qf ~iqqimi ~kqadzk q~kafk ~khdcfabkqfd of ~faaihk abk of czdmof ofekmqfimf( aiekimmf( ~kqaf q~dod k |kzokqabk- [md ekmwfimk~dzfaihdzk( qfd ~kz adzdkzfqfabk kaimiefabkabk ~kz fh |dhizk zdofwfimdhk k a{h{zdhk( |d zf|ihddhhd ~kqad okh immi aim hd immdzd( abk d||fkmkfm ~zfed|kzd i fmfwfi kqdk o{zdmk fh ~kzfioi ofefczdwfimk of t{kqf ~kqaf- Hd immdzd â lizeddod ~fö zkf ~iqfwfimdk odhhd q{~kzfflafk okhh‖dat{ddh limodhk k ofq~iqk fm eioi od aim|ichfdzk f

immf dh hizi fmkzmi( |kzqi {md zkk abf{qd okd‘adekzd okhhd eizk―- Q{hhk immdzk hd|izd {maiq~fa{i kt{f~dccfi of {iefmf( abk zfq~imok dchfizofmf okh ‘Zdfq― k abk ~ziakok dhhd aiqfookd‘eddmwd―- T{kqd |fkmk aie~f{d daakzabfdmoihk zkf k fzdmoi ~iai d ~iai q{hhk jdzabk f hkejffflmi do dzzf|dzk df immf abk |kmcimi fzdf q{hhkjdzabk aim okchf dz~fimf-

Hk ~zfmaf~dhf wimk fm a{f |fkmk ~zdfadd t{kqdf~ihicfd of ~kqad( of|kmdd izedf dmabk eif|iof dzdwfimk {zfqfad( qimi Ld|fcmdmd( \kmofadzf(Edzwdekef( Qdm \fi Hi Ad~i k Mii-

^kz t{dmi zfc{dzod h‖dat{daih{zd( hd Qfafhfdzd~~zkqkmd od qke~zk mkh ~dmizded mdwfimdhk{m fe~izdmk ~ihi ~zio{f|i- Qizfadekmk cfîhk qdhfmk okh zd~dmkqk l{zimi {fhfwwdk ~kzh‖dhhk|dekmi of q~kafk edzfmk ~zkcfdk-

D{dhekmk( hd fflqfimiefd okh qkizk k|fokmwfd fh~zihflkzdzk of m{i|f fe~fdmf dhdekmk kamihicfafabk {fhfwwdmi( mkhhd edccfiz ~dzk okf adqf(kamfabk of edzfaih{zd( qfd aim cdjjfkcdhhkccfdmf abk qieekzqk- H‖dzkd qfafhfdmdzd~~zkqkmd afzad fh :>%:;+ okh |ih{ek ofdhhk|dekmi mdwfimdhk of q~kafk k{zfdhfmk- Chffe~fdmf ~fö zfhk|dmf qimi hiadhfwwdf fm ~zi|fmafdof Qfzda{qd( Dczfckmi k _zd~dmf( abk od qihkzd~~zkqkmdmi fh 6:+ okf |ih{ek ~zio{f|izkcfimdhk-



^kz fflhfkzd ffad qf fmkmok fh ~kzaizqi abk fh ~zioii aie~fk odh eiekmi fm a{f|fkmk ~kqadi "mkh adqi okhhd ~kqad&( i zdaaihi "mkh adqi okhh‖dat{daih{zd&( fflmidhh‖dzzf|i q{hhd d|ihd okh aimq{edizk- Hd fflhfkzd okf ~zioif okhhd ~kqad aimqdokf qkc{kmf ~dqqdccf7% ~kqad k edmf~ihdwfimk d jizoi7 d |ihk f ~kqaf |kmcimi k|fqakzdf( fflhkdf kaimckhdf ofzkdekmk q{f ~kqabkzkaaf0% qjdzai okh ~zioii fm d~~iqfk adqqkk k zdq~izi aim |kfaihf zklzfckzdf0% ~zfed aieekzafdhfwwdwfimk7 mkhhd edccfiz ~dzk okf adqf f ~kqadizf |kmoimi fh~zioii ffai d {m ekzadi i d {m fe~fdmi aihhkf|i ~kz hk dqk- F ~zfmaf~dhfdat{fzkmf fm t{kqi adqi qimi cziqqfqf( okdchfdmf k zfqizdizf- Fm dhzf adqf f

~kqadizf ~iqqimi |kmokzk dmabk ofzkdekmk fm jdmabfmd( d cziqqfqf iokdchfdmf( akzfffladmoi d{imiedekmk hd t{dhfî k hd qfa{zkwwd okhh‖fmkziqfqked ~zio{f|i0% qiaadccfi ko k|km{dhk zdqlizedwfimk0% ofqzfj{wfimk dhh‖fmcziqqi0% ofqzfj{wfimk dh okdchfi-Hd fflhfkzd okf ~zioif of dhhk|dekmi ~zkqkmd okhhk ofllkzkmwk aim t{khhd okhhd~kqad( fm t{dmi f ~zio{izf ldmmi daaizof aieekzafdhf ofzkdekmk aim hdczdmok ofqzfj{wfimk abk ~zkofhfck t{dmfî aiqdmf mkh ke~i k efq{zk

qdmodzo7 mkf q{~kzekzadf â eihi aie{mk fmldf |kokzk ~kqaf {f okhhdqkqqd dchfd$ $ Hd fflhfkzd okf ~zioif o‖dat{daih{zd ~zk|kok t{fmof {m m{ekzifmlkzfizk of ~dqqdccf7% df|fî of dhhk|dekmi% edakhhdwfimk% zdq~izi% ofqzfj{wfimk dhh‖fmcziqqi% ofqzfj{wfimk dh okdchfi)zfqizdwfimk-

Fh ~kzaizqi odhh‖dat{d dhhd d|ihd



Fh ~kqak( ~kz edmkmkzk fmdk hk ~zi~zfkadzdkzfqfabk izcdmihkfabk k m{zfwfimdhf( ok|kkqqkzk aimq{edi lzkqai i~~{zk ~kzlkdekmkaimqkz|di i zdqlizedi- F ~zfmaf~dhf ekiof of

aimqkz|dwfimk( abk ~kzekimi of edmkmkzk hkqkqqk adzdkzfqfabk okh ~zioii lzkqai( qimi7hd zklzfckzdwfimk abk d||fkmk d ke~kzd{zd okhlzfci( i||kzi +?¾A( hd q{zckhdwfimk abk d||fkmk fmke~f zd~fofqqfef d ke~kzd{zk eihi jdqqkfmlkzfizf df %42¾A( fh aimckhdekmi abk d||fkmk fmke~f ~fö h{mcbf aim ke~kzd{zk fmlkzfizf d >¾A( fhaimlkwfimdekmi qii |{ii i fm deiqlkzdeiofffladd abk ~kzekimi of aimqkz|dzk fh~zioii khfefmdmoi h‖dzfd mkhhd aimlkwfimk iqiqf{kmoihd aim {m‖dhzd efqakhd of cdq-Hd zdqlizedwfimk fm|kak ~zk|kok {mdeiofffladwfimk okhhk adzdkzfqfabk okh ~zioii(q~kqqi zkmokmoihi doofzf{zd ~fö d~~kfjfhk kdqqiafdmoihi do dhzf dhfekmf- Hk kamfabk ~föaie{mf qimi hd qdhdcfimk( h‖kqqfaadekmi(h‖dll{efadekmi d adhoi i d lzkooi( hdaimqkz|dwfimk qi‖ihfi i qii daki( hd~dqizfwwdwfimk- Mkh aimkqi zkcfimdhk qfafhfdmi

dqq{ek {m z{ihi of ~zfedzfd fe~izdmwdkaimiefad h‖fmo{qzfd okhhd zdqlizedwfimk okh~zioii( hkcdi dhhd |dhizfwwdwfimk of m{ekziqf~zioif ffaf hiadhf( qfd ekofdmk h‖{fhfwwi ofq~kafk ekmi ~zkcfdk aiek hi qciejzi i hk dhfafabk ~kz hd hd|izdwfimk of q~kafk of khk|di |dhizkkaimiefai aiek fh immi( of a{f qf {fhfwwdmi {khk ~dzf ko{hf zfo{akmoi dh efmfei chf qadzf of

hd|izdwfimk- Aiqè aiek ~kz hd adzmk k dhzf~zioif of izfcfmk dmfedhk( dmabk hd |kmofd okh~kqak ok|k cdzdmfzk {m qfqked of aimzihhi okh~zioii k lizmfzk fmlizedwfimf df aimq{edizf- Mkf

~zioif aimlkwfimdf â mkakqqdzfi d~~izzk{m‖kfabkd abk ok|k aimkmkzk hk qkc{kmffmlizedwfimf ijjhfcdizfk7 okmiefmdwfimk okh~zioii( miek qafkmffflai okhhd q~kafk( ekioiof ~zio{wfimk( wimd of ad{zd "~kz f ~zioif okhhd~kqad& i Qdi of ~zi|kmfkmwd "~kz f ~zioifo‖dat{d oihak i ~kz t{khhf dhhk|df&- Dhzkfmlizedwfimf ijjhfcdizfk qimi fh ~kqi mki k hdqadokmwd( ~kz f ~zioif zdqlizedf i aimqkz|df-H‖kfabkd( fmihzk( ~{ú lizmfzk dmabk fmlizedwfimfdccf{mf|k aiek f |dhizf m{zfwfimdhf i f aimqfchf~kz hd ~zk~dzdwfimk-



_zdaafdjfhfî( zfmzdaafdjfhfî k t{dhfî okh ~kqadi



Aim hd mdqafd okhh‖[mfimk K{zi~kd( h‖Fdhfd(dqqfkek dchf dhzf ~dkqf aiqf{kmf( bd~dzkaf~di df|dekmk dhhd khdjizdwfimk of{m aie~hkqqi ko kqd{qf|i t{dozimizedf|i of zflkzfekmi ~kz fh qkizkdczidhfekmdzk abk fmkzkqqd {f f ~dkqfekejzf k abk bd dzeimfwwdi hkzkcihdekmdwfimf fmkzmk zkhdf|k dhhd~zio{wfimk( aimqkz|dwfimk( zdqlizedwfimk k|kmofd of dhfekmf- Fm dh{mf adqf( hd ~zk%

kqfqkmk mizedf|d fdhfdmd d~~dzf|d dmabk~fö qzfmckmk zfq~ki d t{khhd aie{mfdzfd(~imkmoi h‖Fdhfd zd f ~zfef ~dkqf dh eimoioidf of {md zfciziqd k aie~hkdzkcihdekmdwfimk okh qkizk dhfekmdzk doflkqd okh aimq{edizk- ^kz t{dmi aimakzmkfh qkizk okf ~zioif ffaf( hd mizedf|d|fckmk ~{ú kqqkzk zdccz{~~dd fm zk edazidzkk of zflkzfekmi( hd ~zfed â t{khhd zkhdf|d

dchf dq~kf fcfkmfai qdmfdzf( abk âqfa{zdekmk hd ~fö aiz~iqd k abk â qddq{aakqqf|dekmk de~hfdd aim chf qz{ekmfmizedf|f okhh‖d{iaimzihhi( fmofzfwwdd d {fchf i~kzdizf dhfekmdzf( odhhd ~zio{wfimk fflmidhhd zdqlizedwfimk k ofqzfj{wfimk of dhfekmfmimabæ kq~izdwfimk- Hd qkaimod edazi dzkdof zflkzfekmi zfc{dzod hd ~zikwfimk okhhkfmofadwfimf ckiczdfflabk k okhhk okmiefmdwfimf

Qtdti dtt{dhk okhhd mizedtf|d



of izfcfmk( mimabæ h‖d{dwfimk of ofqaf~hfmdzf kedzabf of t{dhfî- Fmfflmk( ed mim ~kz fe~izdmwd(|d dmmi|kzdi h‖fmqfkek of mizek abkzkcihdekmd fm ~dzfaihdz eioi fh qkizk ~zfedzfi

fm edkzfd of {khd okhh‖dejfkmk7 qf â dqqfqfifmldf mkchf {hfef dmmf d {md azkqakmk dkmwfimkmkf aimlzimf okf kef dejfkmdhf zkhdf|f dhhdqiqkmfjfhfî okhhd ~kqad( dhh‖fe~di q{chfkaiqfqkef k dhhd oflkqd okhhd jfiof|kzqfî-Hd qfa{zkwwd dhfekmdzk â {m ~zfmaf~fi abkqad{zfqak odhhd mkakqqfî of aimqd~k|ihkwwd okfaimq{edizf okhhd t{dhfî fcfkmfai qdmfdzfd(m{zfwfimdhk k izcdmihkfad okchf dhfekmf( k okhhdt{dhfî dejfkmdhk zkhdf|d df ~ziakqqf of~zio{wfimk( zdqlizedwfimk( ~zk~dzdwfimk kaimq{ei okf afjf- Hd t{dhfî k hd qfa{zkwwd okchfdhfekmf of~kmoimi odchf qlizwf of {f chf dizfaifm|ihf mkhhd aie~hkqqd adkmd ~zio{f|d( abk~dqqd dzd|kzqi hk ldqf okhhd zdaaihd(hd|izdwfimk( zdq~izi( ~zk~dzdwfimk(aimqkz|dwfimk k aimq{ei- Fm jdqk dhhdokfflmfwfimk qfmkfad okhh‖[mfimk K{zi~kd kokhh‖Izcdmfwwdwfimk Eimofdhk okhhd Qdmfî "IEQ&(

hd qfa{zkwwd dhfekmdzk â {md ‘zkq~imqdjfhfîaimof|fqd odh ade~i( i odh edzk aiek mkh adqiokf ~zioif ffaf( fflmi dhhd d|ihd―- Qfd fh Hfjzi\kzok "4663& abk fh Hfjzi Jfdmai ":>>>& q{hhdQfa{zkwwd Dhfekmdzk bdmmi lizmfi f ~zfmaf~ffq~fzdizf limodekmdhf ~kz {md zk|fqfimkaie~hkqqf|d okhhd hkcfqhdwfimk aie{mfdzfdzkhdf|d dhhd ~zio{wfimk( aieekzafdhfwwdwfimk

k aimzihhi okchf dhfekmf( fflmdhfwwdd dhzdccf{mcfekmi okf qkc{kmf ijfkf|f7% d{ekmi okh czdoi of qfa{zkwwd okchf dhfekmfaim h‖khdjizdwfimk of {m‖dokc{dd ai~kz{zd

hkcfqhdf|d0% fokmfffladwfimk k okfflmfwfimk okhhk zkq~imqdjfhfîokf qicckf aifm|ihf mkh qkizk dhfekmdzk0% qke~hfffladwfimk k dzeimfwwdwfimk okhhdhkcfqhdwfimk cfî fm |fcizk-Fh aimaki of zfmzdaafdjfhfî( okfflmfi mkhh‖dejfiokh Zkcihdekmi "AK& m- 432):>>:( â okqazfiaiek hd ~iqqfjfhfî of zfaiqz{fzk k qkc{fzk fh~kzaizqi of {m dhfekmi( of {m edmcfek( of {mdmfedhk okqfmdi dhhd ~zio{wfimk dhfekmdzk i of{md qiqdmwd okqfmdd d kmzdzk d ldz ~dzk of {mdhfekmi( i of {m edmcfek( dzd|kzqi {k hk ldqfokhhd ~zio{wfimk( zdqlizedwfimk k ofqzfj{wfimk-Mkhhi q~kaffflai fh qfqked of zfmzdaafdjfhfî"zdafmc& |d fmkqi aiek hd ~iqqfjfhfî( od ~dzkokchf i~kzdizf okh qkizk dhfekmdzk( ofzfaiqz{fzk k qkc{fzk fh ~kzaizqi odhhd |kmofd fflmidhhd ldqk ~zio{f|d-Fm edmfkzd q~ka{hdzk k aie~hkekmdzk qf ~{ú

okfflmfzk fh aimaki of zdaafdjfhfî "zda`fmc& aiekfh ~ziakqqi abk qkc{k fh ~zioii od eimk d|dhhk okhhd fflhfkzd fm eioi abk( fm icmf ldqk okh~ziakqqi( |kmcdmi hdqafdk i~~iz{mkfmlizedwfimf abfdedk d~~{mi zdaak-Fh t{dozi mizedf|i of zflkzfekmi â aie~iqi odfqkc{kmf qz{ekmf7



Zkc- "AK& 432):>>: ^zfmaf~f of hkcfqhdwfimk dhfekmdzkZkc- "AK& 2;:):>>? Fcfkmk ~kz chf i~kzdizf okhhd ~zio{wfimk ~zfedzfdZkc- "AK& 2;1):>>? Fcfkmk ~kz chf dhfekmf of izfcfmk dmfedhkZkc- "AK& 2;?):>>? Izcdmfwwdwfimk of aimzihhf {lfflafdhf q{ ~zioif of izfcfmk dmfedhk

Zkc- "AK& 22:):>>? Aimzihhf {lfflafdhf q{ edmcfef k dhfekmfOfzkf|d :>>?)?4)AKK Djzicdwfimf of dha{mk ofzkf|k zkadmf mizek q{hh‖fcfkmk okchf dhfekmfZkc- "AK& :>31):>>; Azfkzf efazijfihicfaf d~~hfadjfhf df ~zioif dhfekmdzfZkc- "AK& :>3?):>>; Eiodhfî of d{dwfimk zkhdf|k d dh{mf ~zioifZkc- "AK& :>3<):>>; Ofq~iqfwfimf zdmqfizfk ~kz d{dw- K eiofl- Zkc- 2;1 ‑ 2;:% 22:Zkc- "AK& 421):>>; Fcfkmk okf edmcfefZkc- "AK& 4<<?):>>< Eioffflabk Zkc- :>3? efq{zk ~kz f ~zioif of izfcfmk dmfedhkZkc- "AK& 4<<<):>>< Eioffflabk Zkc- :>3<Zkc- "AK& 4:?1):>>3 Eioffflabk dhhkc- FFF Zkc- 2;1Zkc- "AK& 4>:4):>>2 Eioffflabk dhhkc- F0 dhhkc- FF0 dhhkc- FFF Zkc- 2;?Okazki Hkcfqhdf|i 4;;)4663 D{dwfimk Ofzkf|k 61)?1)AKK k 6<)1)AKK q{ fcfkmk ~zioif dhfekmdzfOkazki Hkcfqhdf|i 46>):>>< Ofqaf~hfmd qdmwfimdizfd |fihdwfimf Zkc- 432Okazki Hkcfqhdf|i 461):>>3 D{dwfimk Ofzkf|d :>>?)?4)AKK aimzihhf fm edkzfd of qfa{zkwwd dhfekmdzk-^zi~zfi fm l{mwfimk okhhd zfizcdmfwwdwfimk okhhd mizedf|d aie{mfdzfd fm edkzfd of fcfkmk k qfa{zkwwddhfekmdzk( hd Aieefqqfimk K{zi~kd bd d||fdi {m aie~hkqqi hd|izi of dccfizmdekmi mizedf|i abk qf âaimah{qi dchf fmfwf okh :>>? aim hd ~{jjhfadwfimk okh aiqfooki ‘^daabki fcfkmk― fm d~~hfadwfimk odh 4¾ckmmdfi :>><( abk â h‖fmqfkek of mizek aie{mfdzfk abk zdo{aimi fm hkcck chf ijfkf|f fmof|fo{df mkh HfjziJfdmai-Hk ~zfmaf~dhf mi|fî fmzioik odh aiqfooki ‘^daabki fcfkmk― qimi aiqè qfmkfwwdjfhf7

% hd zkq~imqdjfhfî ~zfmaf~dhk ~kz hd qfa{zkwwd okchf dhfekmf â dlfflodd dhh‖i~kzdizk0% â mkakqqdzfi cdzdmfzk hd qfa{zkwwd okchf dhfekmf h{mci {d hd adkmd dhfekmdzk( d ~dzfzk odhhd ~zio{wfimk~zfedzfd0% fh aimzihhi {lfflafdhk |kzffflad fh zdccf{mcfekmi okchf ijfkf|f( mim cdzdmfqak hd t{dhfî okf ~zioif0% fh aimzihhi {lfflafdhk â jdqdi ~zfmaf~dhekmk q{ df|fî of d{of( i||kzi of |kzffflad okh zdccf{mcfekmi okchfijfkf|f ed mim of cdzdmwfd okhhd t{dhfî okf ~zioif0% fh aimzihhi {lfflafdhk qf q|ihck qkaimoi ~fdmf jdqdf q{hh‖dmdhfqf okh zfqabfi0% h‖i~kzdizk ok|k cdzdmfzk abk {k hk ldqf okhhd ~zio{wfimk qioofqfflmi f m{i|f zkt{fqff o‖fcfkmk-



Hd qfa{zkwwd okchf dhfekmf k okf ~zioif ffaf fm~dzfaihdzk â efmdaafdd od ~kzfaihf okkzefmdf odaimdefmdwfimf of f~i fflqfabk "fejdhhdccf i qdjjfd&(abfefabk "ihf k aiej{qfjfhf( ekdhhf ~kqdmf& k jfihicfabk

"efazizcdmfqef( ~dzdqqff( jfiiqqfmk dhcdhf& abkzd~~zkqkmdmi f ~{mf azffaf okhhd fflhfkzd- F zkt{fqffckmkzdhf of fcfkmk okhhd ~zio{wfimk ~zfedzfd( qdjfhff mkhZkc- AK M- 2;:)>? zfc{dzodmi ~zfmaf~dhekmkh‖d~~hfadwfimk okf ~zfmaf~f okh qfqked okhh‖dmdhfqf okf~kzfaihf k okf zfqabf k okf ~{mf azffaf of aimzihhi "BDAA^&k hd zkhdf|d doiwfimk okf edm{dhf of aizzkd ~zdqqffcfkmfad0 fh edmkmfekmi okhhd aiqfookd ‘adkmd okh



lzkooi―( h‖{fhfwwi of dat{d ~{hfd dmabk ~kz hd ~zio{wfimk of cbfdaafi( h‖{qi of edkzfdhf k dzkwwd{zk ~{hfk khd|djfhf( hd lizedwfimk okh ~kzqimdhk aifm|ihi q{f zfqabf qdmfdzf k( fmfflmk( {md ckqfimk i~~iz{md k zdwfimdhkokh afahi okf zfffl{f- Fh zkcihdekmi mim qf d~~hfad dhhd lizmf{zd ofzkd of ~faaihk t{dmfî of ~zioii- Hkadzdkzfqfabk fcfkmfai qdmfdzfk k hk zkhdf|k mizek of cdzdmwfd ok|imi kqqkzk edmkm{k o{zdmk k oi~i hk

i~kzdwfimf of qjdzai k of hd|izdwfimk k f ~zioif ok|imi qioofqldzk k edmkmkzk {f f azfkzf of lzkqabkwwdqdjfhff "Zkc- AK M- 2;1)>?&7 mim ok|imi q{~kzdzk hfeff of Fqdefmd k Dwii |ihdfhk idhk( mim ok|imi kqqkzkfmlkqdf od ~dzdqqff( mim ~iqqimi kqqkzk feekqqf q{h ekzadi f ~kqaf |khkmiqf okhhk ldefchfk_kzdioimfodk( Eihfodk( Ofioimfodk k Admbfcdqkzfodk( fmihzk mim ok|imi aimkmkzk jfiiqqfmk ihzk fhfeff ~zk|fqf- F aimzihhf {lfflafdhf q{f ~zioif okhhd ~kqad( mizedf odh Zkc- AK M- 2;?)>? zfc{dzodmi aimzihhfzkcihdzf q{hhi qjdzai k ~zfed |kmofd( fq~kwfimf ~kzfiofabk q{hhk fejdzadwfimf k qdjfhfekmf d kzzd- F ~zfmaf~dhfijjhfcbf okchf i~kzdizf( fmzioif odh ~daabki fcfkmk zfc{dzodmi hd qfa{zkwwd ~kz a{f chf i~kzdizf mim~iqqimi feekkzk q{h ekzadi dhfekmf mim qfa{zf( hd zkq~imqdjfhfî k hd zdaafdjfhfî( aiqè od kqqkzk fm czdoiof fokmfffladzk zd~fodekmk icmf qiccki odh t{dhk zfak|imi i dh t{dhk aimqkcmdmi dhfekmf- Chf i~kzdizfqimi abfdedf fmihzk dhh‖ijjhfci okhhd zdq~dzkmwd( fmlizedmoi feekofddekmk hk d{izfî aie~kkmft{dhizd djjfdmi eif|i of zfkmkzk abk chf dhfekmf mim qimi qfa{zf0 chf i~kzdizf ok|imi fokmfffladzk k zf|kokzkzkcihdzekmk f ~{mf azffaf okf hizi ~ziakofekmf k ok|imi ~zi||kokzk d kllk{dzk aimzihhf q{ of kqqf( aim hkd{izfî aie~kkmf mkhhk dwfimf fmkqk d zfo{zzk f zfqabf- Hd m{i|d mizedf|d hdqafd chf i~kzdizf hfjkzf ofq|fh{~~dzk k ekkzk fm ~zdfad f qfqkef ~fö klffladaf ~kz hd qfa{zkwwd dhfekmdzk doidmoi {m ~fdmi ofd{iaimzihhi fm czdoi of fmof|fo{dzk f ~dqqdccf ~fö d zfqabfi okhhd ~zi~zfd q~kaffflad df|fî-Hi q|fh{~~i k h‖d~~hfadwfimk of qfqkef of zfmzdaafdjfhfî k eimfizdccfi okhhk ~ziako{zk klfflafkmf ko klffladaf(~{z zfabfkokmoi fe~kcmi k zfqizqk ~zi~izwfimdhf dhhd aie~hkqqfî okf ~ziakqqf ~zio{f|f( ~{ú illzfzkdhh‖dwfkmod dha{mf |dmdccf t{dhf7% fh efchfizdekmi okhhd ad~dafî d fmof|fo{dzk k|km{dhf ~zijhkef k do doidzk dwfimf aizzkf|k ke~kqf|k0

% hd zfo{wfimk i fh aimkmfekmi okf aiqf k okf odmmf okzf|dmf odhh‖d~~hfadwfimk ckmkzdhfwwdd okhhk dwfimfaizzkf|k0% {md efchfizk fmof|fo{dwfimk okhhk zkq~imqdjfhfî mkhh‖dejfi okh ~zi~zfi ~ziakqqi of ~zio{wfimk k mkhhkzkhdwfimf zd dwfkmok okhhd qkqqd fflhfkzd0% hd azkqafd of {md a{h{zd dwfkmodhk abk ldafhff hi q|fh{~~i of {m ‘qfqked of t{dhfî― qke~hfak ko klffladak-



Fh qfqtked BDAA^ "Bdwdzo Dmdhfqvq dmo Azftfadh Aimtzih îfmtq& okqazftti mkh Zkc- AK M- :>31)>; k mkh Aiofak Dhfekmtdzk â {mi qtz{ekmti i~kzdtf|i ~kz h‖dmdhfqf okf zfqabf abk adzdttkzfwwdmi fh ~ziakqqi ~zio{ttf|i(aimqkmtk dhhk dwfkmok {m eimftizdccfi aiqtdmtk( ldafhftd fh aie~fti okhhk D{tizftî Qdmftdzfk- H‖d~~hfadwfimk okhqfqtked d t{ttf f ~dqqdccf okhhd fflhfkzd k ~kzekttk of ~zk|kmfzk f zfqabf k f odmmf od aimtdefmdwfimk- Qf jdqd

q{hhk qkc{kmtf ldqf i~kzdtf|k7% Dmdhfqf okf ~kzfaihf% Fokmtfffladwfimk okf ~{mtf azftfaf of aimtzihhi "ÂA&% Fmof|fo{dzk hk qichfk of daakttdjfhftî okf hfeftf% ^ziako{zk of qiz|kchfdmwd q{f ÂA% Fmof|fo{dzk dwfimf aizzkttf|k% ^ziako{zk of |kzffflad okhh‖foimkftî okh qfqtked% Oia{ekmtdwfimk k zkcfqtzfF Edm{dhf of aizzkttd ~zdqqf fcfkmfad zd~~zkqkmtdmi h‖doiwfimk |ihimtdzfd okf ~zfmaf~f k okhhk ~ziako{zk okhqfqtked BDAA^( kqqf ~zk|koimi h‖fmof|fo{dwfimk k okqazfwfimk okf zfqabf okhh‖dttf|ftî( hd zkhdtf|d ckqtfimk okfzfqabf fmof|fo{dtf( hd ckqtfimk okf odtf q{hhd zfmtzdaafdjfhftî k hd okfflmfwfimk of efq{zk aimakzmkmtf hd tkm{td okhhkzkcfqtzdwfimf-



Hd ckqtfimk okhhk ekzafok~kzfjfhf k h‖klfflafkmwd okf

~ziakqqf hicfqtfaf okhhd fflhfkzd

fttfad

' Fmc- Cf{qk~~k Dfkhhi "OFACFE ‑ [mf|kzqftî of^dhkzei&



H‖klfflafkmwd okhhk fflhfkzk okqfmdk dhhd aieekzafdhfwwdwfimk of ~zioif ok~kzfjfhf â iccf {m ked kqzkedekmkofjd{i( aiek kqfeimfdmi mim qihi hk zfakzabk fm dejfi qafkmffflai ed dmabk f qfqkef ofzkcihdekmdwfimk ~kz hd zdaafdjfhfî k hd zfmzdaafdjfhfî okf ~zioif abk zkakmkekmk qimi qdf fe~iqf odhhkmizedf|k- Hk eif|dwfimf ~zfmaf~dhf of dhf fmfwfdf|k |dmmi zfakzadk mkh zfmmi|di fmkzkqqk |kzqi hd t{dhfî k

hd qfa{zkwwd okh aimq{edizk( zi~~i q~kqqi qdazfffladd( mkhhk ahdqqfabk fflhfkzk fmo{qzfdhf d |dmdccfi ofqakhk hkcdk dhhd edqqfefwwdwfimk okhhk t{dmfî |kmo{k k okf ~zifflf- Dh aimke~i h‖kekzckmwd okhhk~zijhkedfabk hkcdk dhhd qiqkmfjfhfî okhhk fflhfkzk ~kz hd aieekzafdhfwwdwfimk of ~zioif ok~kzfjfhf fe~imk{md ~zilimod zfkqqfimk q{hhk fmckmf t{dmfî of qadzf k of qi|zd~~zio{wfimk f~faf okhhd czdmokofqzfj{wfimk- Fh zka{~kzi okhh‖klfflafkmwd okhhk fflhfkzk â o{mt{k iccf mim qihi {m ~zijhked kaimiefai( ed {moi|kzk od {m ~{mi of |fqd qiafdhk k dejfkmdhk- ^zi~zfi hd adzdkzfqfad of ok~kzfjfhfî okf ~zioif zfabfkok{m d~~ziaafi d|dmwdi dhhd ckqfimk okhhk fflhfkzk k ~imk of lzimk d oflfflafhf qakhk of adzdkzk hicfqfai kckqfimdhk- Fh okkzfizdekmi of {m ~zioii( â fmldf {m ~ziakqqi kqzkedekmk aie~hkqqi abk okzf|dodhh‖kllki aiejfmdi of {md eihk~hfafî of lkmiekmf of izfcfmk abfefad( fflqfad i jfihicfad( hkcdf do kqke~fidh okadofekmi okhhk t{dhfî izcdmihkfabk "kq- fzzdmafofekmi( lkzekmdwfimk kaa-& i dh hf|khhi of

aimdefmdwfimk efazijfad- H‖dwfimk aimaiefdmk of dhf lkmiekmf okkzefmd hd ~kzofd okhhk adzdkzfqfabkt{dhfdf|k abk adzdkzfwwdmi fh ~zifflhi qkmqizfdhk k qdmfdzfi okh ~zioii qkqqi- H‖fmkmqfî k hd |khiafî aima{f t{kqf lkmiekmf qf edmflkqdmi of~kmok od ldizf fmzfmqkaf ko kqzfmqkaf aiek do kqke~fi hdke~kzd{zd of aimqkz|dwfimk( hd aimakmzdwfimk of iqqfckmi( h‖{efofî zkhdf|d( h‖fzzdofdwfimk qihdzk( h‖dafofî(hd azkqafd efazijfad( hk df|fî kmwfedfabk kmoickmk( kaa- H‖kqfckmwd of |dh{dzk fh ~kzfioi of ke~i ~kz a{f{m ~zioii â hd|izdjfhk i aieekzafdhfwwdjfhk bd ~izdi dhhd okfflmfwfimk okhhd ‘qbkhl%hflk― i |fd of qadlldhkaiek fh ke~i abk aizzfq~imok( fm q~kaffflabk aimofwfimf of aimlkwfimdekmi( qiaadccfi k ofqzfj{wfimk( do{md ihhkzdjfhk ofefm{wfimk okhhd t{dhfî of {m ~zioii- ^kz f ~zioif lzkqabf( fm ~dzfaihdzk( hd ~zfmaf~dhkadzdkzfqfad q{hhd t{dhk qf dcfqak ~kz kqkmokzk hd |fd of qadlldhk â hd ke~kzd{zd of aimqkz|dwfimk-

H‖fe~fkci of |kizf k qz{{zk of qiaadccfi zklzfckzdf â fmldf {md qzdkcfd hdzcdekmk aimqihfodd mkhhdhicfqfad fmo{qzfdhk ~kz zfdzodzk fh okkzfizdekmi okh ~zioii fm q|dzfdf qkizf ekzakihicfaf- Mkh qkizkffai( fm ~dzfaihdzk( hd aimqkz|dwfimk okhhd t{dhfî k hd qfa{zkwwd okf ~zioif ok~kzfjfhf â cdzdmfdedmkmkmoi hk aimofwfimf ifedhf of ke~kzd{zd mkhhk ldqf feekofddekmk q{aakqqf|k dhhd ad{zd i dhhd~zio{wfimk fflmi dh aimq{ei fflmdhk( h{mci hd aiqfookd adkmd okh lzkooi "aiho abdfm&- Hi q{ofi okhokadofekmi t{dhfdf|i of {m ~zioii mkh ke~i bd ~izdi dhhd lize{hdwfimk of eiokhhf edkedfaf of qbkhl%hflk abk okqazf|imi hd |khiafî aim a{f f lkmiekmf of okkzfizdekmi fmafoimi q{hhd t{dhfî okh ~zioii qkqqi-F eiokhhf edccfizekmk ofll{qf hkcdmi hd |khiafî of ok~kzfekmi dhhd ke~kzd{zd of aimqkz|dwfimk(



of aimqkc{kmwd( dzd|kzqi fh eimfizdccfi okhhdke~kzd{zd of aimqkz|dwfimk â ~iqqfjfhk |dh{dzkhd |fd zkqfo{d okf ~zioif ok~kzfjfhf- H‖kllkf|dd~~hfadjfhfî of t{kqi d~~ziaafi â |fmaihdd

odhhd ~iqqfjfhfî of zkcfqzdzk ko khdjizdzk hdqizfd kzefad okh ~zioii fm ke~i zkdhk ko daiqf aie~kff|f- Zkakmkekmk( ~kz hdzfhk|dwfimk okhhd qizfd ke~i%ke~kzd{zd okf~zioif ok~kzfjfhf( aie~zkqf lz{d k |kckdhf âqdi fmzioii h‖{qi okf __Fq "fek ke~kzd{zkfmkczdizq& mkhhd lized of ofq~iqff|f khkzimfafefmfd{zfwwdf od d~~hfadzk dhhk {mfî of adzfai kabk aimqkmimi of kmkzk qii aimzihhih‖k|ih{wfimk okhhd t{dhfî okf ~zioif k hd hizi

qbkhl%hflk zkqfo{d- Ckmkzdhekmk {d|fd hiqlz{dekmi of dhf qfqkef â fflmdhfwwdi dhhiq|fh{~~i of ~da`dcfmc fmkhhfckmf fm czdoi ofdhhkzdzk fh aimq{edizk mkh adqi of ~zioif mim~fö dodf dh aimq{ei( ~fö abk dhhd ~fdmfffladwfimkk dhhd ckqfimk okhhk df|fî hicfqfabk- Mkhqkc{fi qf dmdhfwwdmi jkmkfflaf aimqkc{kmf dhhiaimiqakmwd okhhk fmlizedwfimf q{hhd |fd zkqfo{dokh ~zioii mkhhk df|fî of ckqfimk okhhk ekzaf

h{mci hd fflhfkzd( qlz{dmoi h‖i~~iz{mfî ofaimf{cdzk hd kamihicfd __F aim hd kamihicfdZLFO( kqkmokmoimk aiqè hi qakmdzfi d~~hfadf|idf qfqkef d{iedfwwdf of ckqfimk okhhk fflhfkzk-Hk kamihicfk d zdofilzkt{kmwd qimi iccf{fhfwwdk ~zfmaf~dhekmk ~kz h‖fokmfffladwfimk okf~zioif( kqqk fmldf aimqkmimi hd hk{zd of {mfokmfffladf|i {mf|iai dh qke~hfak ~dqqdccfi

okhh‖{mfî of adzfai fm ~ziqqfefî of d~~iqffofq~iqff|f of hk{zd( i dzd|kzqi |dzabfi~~iz{mdekmk qz{ekmdf( k|fdmoi fm dheioi h{mcbk ko imkziqk df|fî odd%kmzv-

Dlfflmabæ afú qfd ~iqqfjfhk â mkakqqdzfi q|fh{~~dzkqfqkef kamihicfadekmk d|dmwdf fm czdoi offe~hkekmdzk hk q{ookk l{mwfimdhfî kofmkzldaafdzqf aim f qilsdzk ~kz hd ckqfimk okhhkdf|fî hicfqfabk- Mkh qkc{fi |kzzdmmi ofqa{qqkhk ~zijhkedfabk k hk i~~iz{mfî abk hk eiokzmkkamihicfk k hk zkakmf zfakzabk ~zkqkmdmi mkhhiq|fh{~~i of qfqkef d|dmwdf of zdaafdjfhfî( fmzflkzfekmi dhhd fflhfkzd ffad-



[md fflhfkzd ~zio{f|d ~{ú okfflmfzqf aiek h‖fmqfkek okf qicckf "dizf& abk

aimaizzimi k aimzfj{fqaimi dhhd lizmf{zd( zdqlizedwfimk k aieekzafdhfwwdwfimkof {m ~zioii q{h ekzadi- Chf dzedizf( f cziqqfqf( f ekzadf ffaf hk dwfkmok ofzdqlizedwfimk k chf i~kzdizf okhhd ofqzfj{wfimk zd~~zkqkmdmi( aim f hizi hkcdefzkhdwfimdhf( f ~zidcimfqf okh qfqked aieekzafdhk k ofqzfj{f|i okhhk fflhfkzkffabk- Â i~fmfimk ofll{qd abk fh qkizk okhhd ~kqad zfabfkod {m ~ziakqqi oft{dhfffladwfimk okh ~zioii k hi q|fh{~~i {md zkk aieekzafdhk klfflafkmk( ad~dakof dqqfa{zdzk ~zkwwf zke{mkzdf|f abk aie~kmqfmi fh zfq{hdi okhhi qlizwi of~kqad- H‖d~kz{zd of de~f q~dwf of ekzadi do i~kzdizf kqkzf ko d ~zioif ffafmim hiadhf( q~kafk mizok{zi~kf( bd {hkzfizekmk k|fokmwfdi hd qadzqd

aie~kff|fî okhhk miqzk fflhfkzk mkf aimlzimf of qfqkef of illkzd ~fö klfflafkmfofeiqzdmoi h‖fmklfflafkmwd okhhk ~ihffabk aieekzafdhf ~zdfadk odchf i~kzdizf(q~kqqi ofqaimfm{k k qhkcdk od |dh{dwfimf kaimiefai%fflmdmwfdzfk fm ekzfi daiqf k ijfkf|f aieekzafdhf zkdhf- _dhf khkekmf fmo{aimi aiml{qfimk mkfaimq{edizf fflmdhf( k fflmfqaimi aih aimofwfimdzmk hk ~zklkzkmwk k f aie~izdekmf-[md ckqfimk ifedhk k zdwfimdhk okhhk zfqizqk ffabk mim ~{ú ~zkqafmokzk~kzdmi od {md ~kqad k od {m aieekzafi abk qfd |ihi dhhd |dhizfwwdwfimk okh~kqadi- Â mkakqqdzfi( t{fmof( abk fh ~ziakqqi of aieekzafdhfwwdwfimk dat{fqfklfflafkmwd dhk od ofmdefwwdzk hd ~zio{wfimk fm {m aimkqi ekmi aimf{dhk zd

czdmof aieekzafdmf k ~faaihf ~kqadizf( fq~fzdi od {m aie{mk ijfkf|i of|dhizfwwdwfimk okh ~kqadi hiadhk- \fqd hd aie~hkqqfî k hd eihk~hfafî ofqicckf aifm|ihf mkhhk fflhfkzk fmo{qzfdhf( mkh qkc{fi qf ldzî kqah{qf|dekmkzflkzfekmi dhhd fflhfkzd okh lzkqai( abk ~zkqkmd hk ~fö kekzckmf ~zijhkedfabk ofok~kzfjfhfî0 zfedzzdmmi ~kzdmi dh of l{izf okhh‖dejfi okhhd zddwfimk chf dq~kffmkzkmf hd zdqlizedwfimk k hd aieekzafdhfwwdwfimk okf ~zioif q{zckhdf-Hd fflhfkzd ffad qf aie~imk of Dzedizf( Cziqqfqf( Ekzadf ffaf k ^kqabkzfk- Hdid ~kqabkzkaafd qfafhfdmd â aie~iqd od {m efchfdfi of ~kqabkzkaaf k q|ihckhd ~zi~zfd df|fî of ~kqad ~zk|dhkmkekmk mkh Ekofkzzdmki akmzdhk( d

Hd fflhfkzd fttfad



mik|ihk ofqdmwd odhhd aiqd- Hk hfefdk zfqizqk ofq~imfjfhf mkhhd ldqafd jdfekzfad zdofwfimdhk odf ;> df ?>>ekzf( fmldf( mim aimqkmimi ~fö {mi qlz{dekmi okhhk zfqizqk ffabk aimfm{i mkhh‖dzai okhh‖dmmi0 od afúh‖kqfckmwd of dhhdzcdzk hk dzkk of ~kqad |kzqi ldqak jdfekzfabk qke~zk ~fö ~zilimok( aim fh aimqkc{kmkdokc{dekmi okh immkhhdccfi okf ekwwf- H‖df|fî of ~kqad ~zk|kok cfî fm edzk h‖df|fî of qk~dzdwfimk okf

~zioif aieekqfjfhf( hd|dccfi( qkhkwfimk okh ~zioii ~kz dchfd k q~kafk( aimlkwfimdekmi fm adqqkk(cbfdaafd{zd( zklzfckzdwfimk k aimqkz|dwfimk mkhhk akhhk lzfcizflkzk of jizoi- Dh zfkmzi okh eii~kqad fm ~izifmfwfd hd ldqk d kzzd abk ~zk|kok hi qjdzai okhhk adqqkk k h‖d||fi okh ~zioii mkh ekzadi ffai i dhhiqdjfhfekmi- H‖d{iedwfimk d jizoi â {izd eihi hfefdd( aimqfokzdi abk fh md|fchfi od ~kqad qfafhfdmi~zkqkmd( {m‖kî ekofd of :1(< dmmf- Hd qz{{zd ~zio{f|d qfafhfdmd zfq{hd( t{fmof( adzdkzfwwdd od {mkhk|di czdoi of ijqihkqakmwd k od {md qadzqd ~zi~kmqfimk okchf i~kzdizf dhhd zfaiqf{wfimk okh ad~fdhkmkakqqdzfd ~kz djjdkzk f aiqf of ckqfimk k efchfizdzk hd ~kzlizedmak ~zio{f|d- Zfq{hd fmldf k|fokmkabk {md id ijqihkd ~zkqkmd {m edccfiz aimq{ei of zfqizqk( mkakqqfd of aimfm{f k aiqiqf fmkz|kmf ofedm{kmwfimk k ~zkqkmd {m jdqqi aimkm{i of fmmi|dwfimk kamihicfad- ^kz t{dmi zfc{dzod hdaieekzafdhfwwdwfimk okf ~zioif ffaf( |d k|fokmwfdd h‖khk|dd ~zkqkmwd of fmkzekofdzf k of cziqqfqf mkh

~ziakqqi ofqzfj{f|i( aim hk fmk|fdjfhf aimqkc{kmwk q{f ~zkwwf dh aimq{ei- Fm Qfafhfd( fh m{ekzi of dwfkmokokofk dh aieekzafi dhh‖fmcziqqi â afzad 1>> ~kz {m m{ekzi of dookf of afzad 2>> {mfî- H‖fe~izdwfimkfdhfdmd( abk ld dzfj{fzk dhh‖Fdhfd fh t{fmi ~iqi zd f edccfizf fe~izdizf okh eimoi( mim ~{ú mim fm{fzkq{hhi qkqqi dmodekmi okhh‖izcdmfwwdwfimk aieekzafdhk okhhd ~zio{wfimk ffad mdwfimdhk( aiqzkd d q{jfzkh‖fe~di q{f ~zkwwf k hd lizk aie~kff|fî okh ~zioii fe~izdi- Fmkzkqqdmf qimi t{fmof t{khhk ~zi~iqk|ihk d ld|izfzk hd aiqz{wfimk of ~ihf of aimakmzdwfimk ad~daf of fmazkekmdzk hd lizwd aimzd{dhk okh qkizkqkqqi( k|fdmoi aiqè hk ofqdcczkcdwfimf k hk lzdeekmdwfimf okhh‖illkzd- Hd ~zkqkmwd of Ekzadf ffaf aiekzflkzfekmi fqf{wfimdhk ~kz hd aimakmzdwfimk okh ~kqadi( mim qkejzd zfqih|kzk fh ~zijhked okhhdlzdeekmdwfimk( d~zkmoi q~dwf dh z{ihi okf czdmof cziqqfqf abk q|ihcimi l{mwfimk of fmkzekofdwfimk ~kz

t{dmfî aimqfokzk|ihf(



zfabfkokmoi h‖fmkz|kmi of fmkzekofdzf ~kzofqzfj{fzk fh ~zioii mkf ~{mf |kmofd- F cziqqfqfkmoimi qke~zk ~fö dhh‖dat{fqfwfimk of qz{{zkokofk dhhi qiaadccfi okh ~zioii ffai ~kz ldz

lzimk dhhk {{dwfimf okh ekzadi- T{kqkqz{{zk qimi oidk of akhhk fm a{f f ~zioif okhhd~kqad edmkmcimi {md ke~kzd{zd efmfed ofdhekmi %42¾A( k qimi oidk of fmqdhhdwfimf aimad~dafî lzfcizflkzd fm czdoi of zfo{zzkzd~fodekmk hd ke~kzd{zd df hf|khhf fflqqdf- Fhiadhf of edcdwwfmdccfi qimi e{mff of {mkzeiczdli k f czdfflaf okhhk zkcfqzdwfimf qimikm{f d ofq~iqfwfimk okhhk d{izfî of aimzihhidhekmi ~kz hd o{zdd of aimqkz|dwfimk okh

~zioii- F cziqqfqf ~iqqfkoimi ckmkzdhekmk{md ~zi~zfd id of |kfaihf aim hd t{dhk qf zkadmid ~zkhk|dzk fh ~zioii( ofzkdekmk dh eihi oi|kh‖fejdzadwfimk zfkmzd fm ~izi oi~i hd jd{d of~kqad- ^zi||koimi t{fmof dhh‖feedcdwwfmdekmiokh ~kqadi mkh ~zi~zfi fe~fdmi d||fdmoi hkzddf|k aieekzafdhf ~kz hd |kmofd- ^kz hdokfflmfwfimk okh ~zkwwi â of limodekmdhkfe~izdmwd hd ~zkqkmdwfimk okh ~zioii(

abk bd fmldf lizk fm{kmwd q{hhd t{idwfimk okf~zioif ffaf- Â o{mt{k mkakqqdzfd hd qkhkwfimkokh ~zioii ~kz dchfk k q~kafk k hd cdzdmwfd ofaimlkwfimf fmofllkzkmwfdk ~kz t{dhfî( q~kafk k

~kwwd{zd abk aiqf{fqaimi chf khkekmf ~zfmaf~dhfabk okkzefmdmi fh ~zkwwi- Fh ekzadi ffaidhh‖fmcziqqi ~{ú okfflmfzqf aiek {m aie~hkqqi ofqkz|fwf izcdmfwwdf( kmokmf do {md zdwfimdhkaieekzafdhfwwdwfimk k d {m zd~foi qefqdekmiokf ~zioif dh efmiz aiqi ~iqqfjfhk- Hk l{mwfimfkqqkmwfdhf abk {m ekzadi ffai ok|k dqqfa{zdzkqimi ~kzdmi7% hd oflkqd okhhd ~zio{wfimk dzd|kzqi {mklfflafkmk ~ziakqqi of |dhizfwwdwfimk okf q{if

~zioif0% {m fmaimzi ifedhk zd oiedmod)illkzd( ~kzcdzdmfzk {md zkdhk t{idwfimk okh ~zkwwi0% {m kt{fhfjzdi k zdwfimdhk ~ziakqqi oflizedwfimk okh ~zkwwi( t{fmof( {md cdzdmwfd ofadzdkzk aieekzafdhk0% hk aimofwfimf fcfkmfai%qdmfdzfk-Odh ~{mi of |fqd ~zkdekmk qz{{zdhk( {mekzadi ok|k kqqkzk oidi of q~dwf fmkzmf

ai~kzf( zfq~imokmf dhhd ei|fekmdwfimkaieekzafdhk k df qkz|fwf abk iaaizzk dqqfa{zdzkdhh‖{kmwd- Â fe~izdmk hd zdwfimdhk ofq~iqfwfimkokchf q~dwf dh fflmk of aimqkmfzk hfmkdzf ~kzaizqffmkzmf okh ~zioii aimlkzfi k |kmo{i( mim qihi~kz cdzdmfzk {m aizzki k ifedhk zdlfflaiekzadmfhk fmkzmi( ed dmabk ~kz kqfckmwkfcfkmfabk-



Fh ekzadi okhhd |kmofd( fmfflmk( â of|fqi zd okdchfdmf

"~kqabkzfk& k ofqzfj{wfimk izcdmfwwdd "COI&- Fm Qfafhfd(zfq~ki dhhk dhzk zkcfimf( |kmcimi okfflmfk ‘~kqabkzfk― okf |kzfk ~zi~zf ekzadf dej{hdmf okh ~kqak( |dqk dzkk "~fdwwk& abk|kmcimi iaa{~dk od dej{hdmf "d{izfwwdf k mim& ~kz hd|kmofd( qi~zd{i( okh ~kqak lzkqai- Hk {mfî of |kmofkfflqqk fm Qfafhfd( fm|kak( |kmcimi abfdedk ‘Adqk okh ~kqak―-Hk ~zfek( dh ~dzf okhhk qkaimok( zd~~zkqkmdmi f h{icbf ofdat{fqi ~zklkzff odf aimq{edizf qfafhfdmf( fm t{dmi zfkmcimiof zi|dzk qihi fm t{kqk ~zioii lzkqai k hiadhk- T{kqd

adkcizfd aieekzafdhk qf adzdkzfwwd ~kz hk ofekmqfimf ekofi%~faaihk0 fmldf( ihzk fh ;>+ mim q{~kzd( aiek ld{zdi dmm{i(f 4;> efhd k{zi k i~kzdmi q{ q{~kzfflaf fmlkzfizf df 4>> et-Zkhdf|dekmk dchf d~~zi||fcfimdekmf( hd limk ~zfmaf~dhk ofdat{fqi okf ~zioif od ~dzk of t{kqd adkcizfd of i~kzdizfqimi f ekzadf ffaf "i|k kqfqkmf& k f cziqqfqf- Mim âzdqa{zdjfhk dmabk hd t{id dat{fqdd ofzkdekmk odf~zio{izf hiadhf k afú ~{ú odzk hd efq{zd of t{dmd ~dzk okh~kqadi zkcfimdhk ql{ccd do icmf zfhk|dwfimk qdfqfad7 t{kqi

admdhk( fmldf( mim zfkmzd mkf aimq{kf afza{ff of ofqzfj{wfimkk of aieekzafdhfwwdwfimk( aiek f ekzadf ffaf( ed jkmqècf{mck ofzkdekmk dhhd |kmofd dh okdchfi- Dhzi ~dzfaihdzkzfq{hd kqqkzk hd qadzqd zfhk|dmwd okhhk fe~izdwfimf ~kzh‖d~~zi||fcfimdekmi okhhk ~kqabkzfk( ldd kaakwfimk ~kz f~zioif aimqkz|df0 k|fokmkekmk( afú qf q~fkcd odh ldi abkfm Qfafhfd |fkmk ~zioii ihzk fh :;+ okh ~kqadi mdwfimdhk( abkaimqkmk of qioofqldzk de~fdekmk hd oiedmod fmkzmd-



Fm ekzfi dhhd |dzfdjfhfî okh |ih{ekokhh‖d~~zi||fcfimdekmi mkh aizqi okhh‖dmmi( qfqkcmdhdmi aimfm{k {{dwfimf( qi~zd{i mkhadqi okh lzkqai k( fm efq{zd efmizk okhaimckhdi)q{zckhdi mim zdqlizedi7 chffmazkekmf qf |kzfffladmi ~zfmaf~dhekmk mkh~kzfioi kqf|i k mkhhk lkqf|fî mddhfwfk- ^kzt{dmi zfc{dzod chf dq~kf hicfqfaf( hi qiaadccfiokh ~zioii |fkmk zkdhfwwdi ~zk|dhkmkekmkmkhhk ~kqabkzfk( ekofdmk ~faaihf fe~fdmf ofzdllzkoodekmi ko dh zdq~izi ~zi||kokckmkzdhekmk fh lizmfizk-

D lzimk okhhk qz{{zk of |kmofd dh okdchfi qfdqqfqk d {md ~kmkzdwfimk mkh qkizk okhhd COI(

abk â lizkekmk ~zkqkmk mkhhk dzkk okh mizo okh^dkqk( ekmzk â ekmi ~zkqkmk mkhhd zkcfimkQfafhfd- Fm ekzfi df adejfdekmf fm di mkhqfqked ofqzfj{f|i dh okdchfi qf f~ifwwd abk qf|kozî ofefm{fzk fh m{ekzi of i~kzdizf ~zkqkmf q{hekzadi( d qkc{fi okh efchfizdekmi okh qkz|fwfik odhh‖de~hfdekmi okhh‖dqqizfekmi illkzi odhhdczdmok ofqzfj{wfimk izcdmfwwdd( abk izedf bdfmzd~zkqi hd qzdod of fmqkzfzk dzkk q~kafdhfwwdk

~kz hd |kmofd of ~zioif ffaf dmabk lzkqabf"aiqfookf ‘jdmabf of ~kqak lzkqai―&- Od t{kqi~{mi of |fqd hd aiqf{wfimk of ~fddlizekaieekzafdhf ofzkk d ld|izfzk hd aimakmzdwfimkokhhd ~zio{wfimk ihzk abk of fe~izdwfimkzd~~zkqkmd {m‖fmo{jjfd i~~iz{mfî-

^kz t{dmd zfc{dzod hd aie~iqfwfimk( qkaimoi{m‖fmodcfmk okhh‖Fqekd PFqekd( Iqqkz|dizfiAimq{ef Ffaf( :>><U( ~zk|dhcimi mkdekmk fq{~kzekzadf aim q{~kzfflafk ekofd aie~zkqd zd f<>> k f 4>>> et "<2+&( qkc{imi chf f~kzekzadfaim q{~kzfflafk ekofd q{~kzfizk df :-;>> et ":;+&k f Adqb,Adzzv aim q{~kzfflafk ekofd q{~kzfizk df1-;>> et "3+&- F ~{mf |kmofd dat{fqdmi~zk|dhkmkekmk ~kqak aimckhdi)q{zckhdi kaimqkz|di "<?+&( fh ~zioii lzkqai |fkmk zddiqihdekmk odh 1>+( fh ~zioii okaimckhdi âdmaizd ekmi ofll{qi( fm t{dmi dat{fqdiodhh‖2+ okf ~{mf |kmofd- Afzad hd ~zi|kmfkmwdokchf dat{fqf( {f f ~{mf |kmofd abk ldmmi ~dzk

of {md adkmd ofqzfj{f|d qf zf|ihcimi(ijjhfcdizfdekmk( dhhk akmzdhf o‖dat{fqi ~kz fhzflizmfekmi okf ~zioif- Chf dhzf ~{mf |kmofddat{fqdmi fh ~kqak ~zk|dhkmkekmk odcziqqfqf)ekzadf ffaf( ekmzk ~kz fh aimqkz|di hkfmo{qzfk of hd|izdwfimk)zdqlizedwfimk qimi f~zfmaf~dhf lizmfizf-



Aim zflkzfekmi df e{dekmf abk adzdkzfwwkzdmmi fm l{{zi fh qfqked ofqzfj{f|i( qkaimoi chf i~kzdizf( chfkqkzafwf dh okdchfi abk fmazkekmkzdmmi fh z{ihi okhhd aieekzafdhfwwdwfimk okf ~zioif ffaf qdzdmmi ~zi~zfi f~{mf |kmofd d~~dzkmkmf d izcdmfwwdwfimf okhhd COI( d qad~fi i||fdekmk okhhd ofqzfj{wfimk zdofwfimdhk-Fmihzk( t{kqf ~{mf |kmofd( czdwfk dh lizk izfkmdekmi dh ahfkmk( df |ih{ef o‖dlldzf k dhhd hizi izcdmfwwdwfimk(qdzdmmi ~zijdjfhekmk fm czdoi of lizmfzk {md cdeed of ~zioif ffaf lzkqabf d ~zkwwf aimaizzkmwfdhf k aim {mkhk|di aimkm{i of qkz|fwfi dhhd ahfkmkhd- Qkaimoi dha{mk fmodcfmf( fmldf( qke~zk ~fö ldefchfkdaakkzkjjkzi dmabk {m qi|zd~~zkwwi ~kz d|kzk {md akzfffladwfimk of cdzdmwfd q{hhd odd of ad{zd k fh h{iciof ~zi|kmfkmwd okh ~kqadi- Fmihzk hk djf{ofmf dhfekmdzf qf qdmmi eiofffladmoi ~dzdhhkhdekmk dchf qfhf of|fd7 eif|f of c{qi( of ke~i k of q~dwfi( ed dmabk hd qke~zk edccfizk iaa{~dwfimk lkeefmfhk k h‖izdzfiaimfm{di of hd|izi( q~fmcimi f aimq{edizf d ~zklkzfzk dhh‖dhfekmdwfimk zdofwfimdhk f ~zioif ~fö ~zdfaf(qkmwd ~kzú zfm{mafdzk dchf dzfj{f of t{dhfî( lzkqabkwwd k cf{qi ~zkwwi- Qf zfhk|dmi dmabk ~kz f ~zioif ffaffmkzkqqdmf qkcekmf of ekzadi ~kz qkz|fwf d oiefafhfi k of ~zimd ai{zd( fe~kmqdjfhf qfmi d ~iabf dmmf ld-Qkaimoi h‖Fqekd zd f aimq{edizf djf{dhf zi|fdei hk ldefchfk m{ekziqk aim zkq~imqdjfhk o‖dat{fqi of kîaie~zkqd zd f ?; k f <> dmmf7 kmokmwfdhekmk aimq{edmi ~kqak ~fö |ihk dhhd qkfedmd( d ofllkzkmwd okhhk

ldefchfk fm a{f fh zkq~imqdjfhk â qii f ?;( zd a{f â ~fö lzkt{kmk {m aimq{ei ‘zf{dhk― "{md |ihd dhhdqkfedmd&- Fm ckmkzdhk( f ~fö cfi|dmf "{mokz ?;& bdmmi edccfiz ldefhfdzfî aih ~kqak zfq~ki dchf dmwfdmf( lizqk~kzabæ t{kqf {hfef aimqkz|dmi zdofwfimf a{hfmdzfk ~fö hkcdk dhhd a{h{zd dczi~dqizdhk- F aimq{edizfiaadqfimdhf aiqf{fqaimi dmab‖kqqf {m cz{~~i aie~iqfi( abk zfc{dzod f aimq{ef hkcdf d iaadqfimf~dzfaihdzf "lkqf|fî( ~kzfiof t{dzkqfedhf kaa-& abk mim kmzdmi mkhhd t{ifofdmfî okhhk ldefchfk- F ~{mf |kmofdzdofwfimdhf "~kqabkzfk k ekzadf af|faf k zfimdhf& okkmcimi dmaizd {md t{id of ekzadi oiefmdmk mkhhdadkcizfd okh lzkqai7 hd ekî okf aimq{edizf dat{fqd djf{dhekmk ~zkqqi hk ~kqabkzfk( afzad {m kzwi qfzf|ihck d ~{mf |kmofd qf{df dhh‖fmkzmi of ekzadf af|faf k zfimdhf( qihi {md ~dzk zkqfo{d ~zkqqi q{~kzekzadfk f~kzekzadf- Hd czdmok ofqzfj{wfimk( {d|fd( â hkdokz fmaimzdqdd mkhhd aieekzafdhfwwdwfimk okf ~zioif

ffaf aimqkz|df k aimckhdf( k okfkmk t{ik zfhk|dmf q{ dha{mf qkcekmf okh lzkqai "kq- ekzh{wwf( effhf(aziqdakf&- Fmihzk( fh aimq{edizk okhhd Czdmok ofqzfj{wfimk â ~fö q~kqqi {m aimq{edizk dkmi dh hf|khhiokf ~zkwwf k aim ekmi kq~kzfkmwd of a{afmd of edzk k bd ekofdekmk ekmi ke~i d ofq~iqfwfimk- Qkc{imi~kz fe~izdmwd f zf|kmofizf dej{hdmf( f t{dhf q|ihcimi {m‖fe~izdmk l{mwfimk of d~~zi||fcfimdekmi~kzfiofai mkf ~faaihf aie{mf okhh‖fmkzmi ~zf|f of ~{mf |kmofd q~kafdhfwwdf-



Dhhd h{ak of t{dmi kq~iqi mkh ~zkakokmk

~dzdczdli( {md qabkedfwwdwfimk qfmkfadokhhd fflhfkzd ffad ~izd dhhd okfflmfwfimk of ?ldqf limodekmdhf7 hd ad{zd( h‖dqd( hdhd|izdwfimk k hd ofqzfj{wfimk-Hd fflhfkzd ffad â o{mt{k aiqf{fd od {mfmqfkek of df|fî abk qf q|ihcimi dq~kaffflabk aimofwfimf dejfkmdhf kadzdkzfwwdk afdqa{md od {md ~zi~zfdo{zdd- ^kz {m ~zioii ok~kzfjfhk(

adzdkzfwwdi od {md akzd |fd of qadlldhk( fhke~i qlz{djfhk ~kz hd |kmofd okh ~zioii"|fd aieekzafdhk& â hd ofllkzkmwd zd hd |fd ofqadlldhk |kzd k ~zi~zfd k hd qieed okhhko{zdk okhhk df|fî okhhd fflhfkzd "ke~ihicfqfai&-Hd ckqfimk ifefwwdd okhhd fflhfkzd aimqfqk~kzdmi mkhhd okfflmfwfimk of {m qfqkedhicfqfai abk aimqkmd od {m hdi of

fmazkekmdzk t{dmi ~fö ~iqqfjfhk hd |fd ofqadlldhk okh ~zioii( k odhh‖dhzi of zfo{zzk hdlzdwfimk of |fd of qadlldhk aimq{edddhh‖fmkzmi okhhd fflhfkzd( i||kzi fh ke~ihicfqfai- Chf kllkf kaimiefaf abkh‖fmazkekmi okhhd |fd aieekzafdhk ~{úd|kzk dhh‖fmkzmi okhhd fflhfkzd |dmmiodhh‖fmazkekmi okhhd ofekmqfimk okf hif(dhhd zfo{wfimk okf aiqf of zdq~izi kaa-

Hd ckqtfimk okhhd fflhfkzd k

h‖kqfckmwd of aimtzihhi



Iaaizzk {d|fd iqqkz|dzk abk mimiqdmk {k hk ekzaf q{jfqadmi hk qkqqk df|fî h{mci hd fflhfkzd( kqqk mimcf{mcimi q{h ekzadi mkhhk ekokqfek aimofwfimf t{dhfdf|k- Dh aimzdzfi( afdqa{md {mfî of adzfai âf~fadekmk adzdkzfwwdd od {md qizfd fmof|fo{dhk( qkjjkmk aimof|fod hk ekokqfek fmlzdqz{{zk hicfqfabk"|kizf( edcdwwfmf kaa-& of {k hk dhzk- Hd ke~kzd{zd of {m |kizk zklzfckzdi( do kqke~fi( â oflfflafhekmkieickmkd( qi~zd{i fm aimqkc{kmwd d i~kzdwfimf of adzfai k qadzfai abk aie~izdmi h‖d~kz{zd okh~izkhhimk( i fm aimofwfimf of qadzqd |kmfhdwfimk okf cz{~~f of zdllzkoodekmi "fmcizcbf( qiqk( aiok( dkqk fmjdmabfmd kaa-&- Fh zfq{hdi â {md ofqzfj{wfimk kzefad aiek t{khhd zf~izdd mkhhd qkc{kmk fflc{zd "zdd od G-Ei{zkbd( O- Lhfa` ‘Dfzis ~dkzm dmo ke~kzd{zk ofqzfj{fim fm d v~fadh zklzfckzdko z{a` aimfflc{zdfimhidoko sfb ~dhhkq―( fmkzmdfimdh gi{zmdh il zklzfckzdfim( :3( :>>?( ?<?‑?3?&( k hk qkqqk aimqfokzdwfimf~iqqimi kqqkzk kqkqk dhhk akhhk lzfci( df qfqkef of djjdfekmi k d {k chf dhzf khkekmf okhhd aiho abdfm-Fm aimqkc{kmwd d dhf ofqieickmkfî( hk of|kzqk {mfî of adzfai ~iqqimi q{jfzk qizfk kzefabk ofllkzkmf(dmabk qk d~~dzkmkmf dh ekokqfei hii i dh ekokqfei ~dhhk- Afú â abfdzdekmk ofeiqzdi od eihk~hfafq{of k dmdhfqf( do kqke~fi t{khhd okh Iqqkz|dizfi Qiafi Kaimiefai okhhd ^kqad okhh‖Dhi Dozfdfai- Od afúmdqak h‖kqfckmwd of aimzihhdzk fmof|fo{dhekmk afdqa{md {mfî of adzfai k eimfizdzmk hd qizfd fm eioi od

zfhk|dzk ke~kqf|dekmk k|km{dhf dj{qf kzefaf k ~zk|kmfzk lkmiekmf of okadofekmi t{dhfdf|i okf~zioif i of aimdefmdwfimk efazijfihicfad-[m qfqked of ckqfimk of hicfqfad d|dmwdd qf jdqd ~kzdmi q{hhi qlz{dekmi okhhk hk|k okhhd hicfqfad dhfflmk of7% Efchfizdzk hd t{dhfî okh ~zioii q{h ekzadi% Fmazkekmdzk h‖klfflafkmwd okhhd fflhfkzd% Cdzdmfzk hd qfa{zkwwd k hd t{dhfî ~kz fh aimq{edizk% \dhizfwwdzk fh ~zioii q{h ekzadiHk qzdkcfk i~kzdf|k ~kz aimqkc{fzk t{kqf ijfkf|f zfc{dzodmi7

% h‖fmazkekmi okhhd |fd qbkhl%hflk okh ~zioii "dzd|kzqi fh eimfizdccfi ~{m{dhk okhhd fflhfkzd( h‖khfefmdwfimkokchf dj{qf kzefaf( hd qakhd of qfqkef of ~da`dcfmc d|dmwdf fm deiqlkzd aimzihhdd( qii|{ii kaa-&0% hd zfo{wfimk okh hkdo fek hicfqfai "dzd|kzqi h‖dmdhfqf k hd zkfmckcmkzfwwdwfimk okf ~ziakqqf of fflhfkzd&0% hd |fqfjfhfî okhhd ekzak k okh q{i |dhizk h{mci hd fflhfkzd "dzd|kzqi qfqkef of fokmfffladwfimk k ofeimfizdccfi abk aimqkmdmi fh zfhk|dekmi of qdf of fmaf~fkmk ok~kzfekmi i of zfo{wfimk okh |dhizk okhhdekzak&0% kamfabk of ckqfimk okhhk ekzaf jdqdk q{hhd qbkhl%hflk k ifefwwdk ~kz f ~zioif ok~kzfjfhf-



Fm t{kqi ~dzdczdli qf ofqa{kzî of aiqd â {m qfqked ofzdaafdjfhfî k of aiek dhk qfqked ~iqqd kqqkzk {miqz{ekmi ~kz fh efchfizdekmi okhh‖izcdmfwwdwfimk kokhh‖klfflafkmwd okhhd fflhfkzd- Abfdzdekmk fm t{kqi qkmqi

abk qf dzfj{fqak dh kzefmk zdaafdjfhfî |d ihzk chfdq~kf ekzdekmk aickmf ~zk|fqf ~kz hkcck k qffmt{dozd fm {m dejfi ~fö ckmkzdhfwwdi ofaiizofmdekmi okhhd fflhfkzd- Fh qfqked of zdaafdjfhfî fmt{kqfimk ok|k o{mt{k kqqkzk {mi qz{ekmi okqfmdido illzfzk df |dzf dizf "~zio{izf( lizmfizf( fmkzekofdzf(okdchfdmf( kaa--& k qd`kbihokzq "d{izfî ko kmf~zk~iqf dh aimzihhi( aimq{edizf kaa-& okhhd fflhfkzd {m

Qfqtked of tzdaafdjfhftî k aiizofmdekmti okhhd fflhfkzd



dokc{di q{~~izi fmlizedf|i abk qioofqffl hk zfq~kf|k kqfckmwk- Chf khkekmf fmlizedf|f aifm|ihf mkhqfqked qdzdmmi ~kzdmi f odf hkcdf dhh‖izfcfmk k dhhd okqfmdwfimk of ~zioif( ed dmabk hd qizfd kzefadokhhk {mfî of adzfai( f hf|khhf of qaizd k hk ekzaf fm zdmqfi( kaa-- Ekofdmk h‖khdjizdwfimk of t{kqf odf fhqfqked of aiizofmdekmi okhhd fflhfkzd oi|zî do kqke~fi aimqkmfzk hd hiadhfwwdwfimk hk {mfî of adzfai h{mci hdfflhfkzd( lizmfzk fh |dhizk okhhd qbkhl%hflk zkqfo{d( qkcmdhdzk aimofwfimf of fmaf~fkmk ok~kzfekmi( kaa--H‖kzicdwfimk of dhf qkz|fwf k l{mwfimdhfî( â iccf kamfadekmk ~iqqfjfhk czdwfk dhhk kamihicfk fmmi|df|kofq~imfjfhf q{h ekzadi k ko dhhk d|dmwdk ekioihicfk ekqqk d ~{mi odf zfakzadizf fm of|kzqf dejff- Fm~dzfaihdzk( dh cfizmi o‖iccf hd zfakzad ekk d ofq~iqfwfimk {m fmqfkek of qz{ekmf abk i~~iz{mdekmkaiejfmdf k qz{{zdf ~iqqimi illzfzk {i fh q{~~izi fmlizedf|i k ekioihicfai ~kz hi q|fh{~~i of qfqkefd|dmwdf of zdaafdjfhfî k aiizofmdekmi okhhd fflhfkzd abk ~izfmi dh aimqkc{fekmi okchf ijfkf|f~zkakokmkekmk kq~iqf- Chf dejff of zfakzad edccfizekmk aifm|ihf zfc{dzodmi hd jfihicfd k hd jfiabfefadaim hd ekqqd d ~{mi of eiokhhf of |dh{dwfimk k ~zk|fqfimk okhhd qbkhl%hflk( hd hicfqfad aim hd okfflmfwfimk of~ihffabk of ckqfimk okhhk ekzaf jdqdk q{hhd qbkhl%hflk( h‖fe~fdmfqfad ~kz hi q|fh{~~i of fmlzdqz{{zk ofqiaadccfi k of zklzfckzdwfimk( mimabæ h‖fmlizedfad ~kz chf dq~kf fmkzkmf hd qkmqizfqfad k hd zdqefqqfimk okf

odf- Fh ~dmizded kamihicfai of zflkzfekmi qdzî aiqf{fi odhhk _kamihicfk of fokmfffladwfimk d zdofilzkt{kmwd"ZLfO&( _kamihicfk of Eimfizdccfi "Qkmqiz Mksiz`q&( _kamihicfk of Feedcdwwfmdekmi k of zdqefqqfimk okfodf( _kamihicfk of Zklzfckzdwfimk "^dqqf|k Aiihfmc&( of ^da`dcfmc "B^^( ED^(--& k of qkzfhfwwdwfimk"fzzdofdwfimk( zdoflzkt{kmwk( ---&- _dhf kamihicfk i~~iz{mdekmk qlz{dk ~iqqimi kqqkzk ekqqk d qfqked djkmkfflafi okhh‖fmkzd fflhfkzd( ihzk abk k okf aimq{edizf fflmdhf- Kqfqimi cfî kqke~f of dhf d~~hfadwfimf fm kzefmfof q{of( zfakzabk qz{ekmf ~ziif~dhf ko fe~fdmf ~fhid(aiek do kqke~fi ofeiqzd fh qfqked zdlfflc{zdimkhhk qkc{kmf feedcfmf "Ok|khi~ekm il _bk _{md Lfqb Adab Fmlizedfim Edmdckekm Qvqke {qfmc ZLFOdmo d Aiee{mfadfimq Qdkhhfk( Efvdeii( V-0 @dib( V-0 [abfod( @-0 Qbfiok( O-0 _i`df( _-0 @d`fbdzd(_-0$:>>3&( i fh qfqked ‘Lfqb Qbhkl hflk ^zkofiz― ekqqi d ~{mi mkhh‖dejfi okh ~zicki k{zi~ki Abfhh%IM

fflmdmwfdi odh qkqi ~ziczdeed t{dozi okhhd aie{mfî k{zi~kd "L^<%>4<111%:&- Q{hhd jdqk okhhk q{ookkaimqfokzdwfimf( fh qfqked of zdaafdjfhfî qf aie~imk of zk khkekmf limodekmdhf7% {md ~dzk fmlzdqz{{zdhk fflqqd( zfc{dzodmk h‖dokc{dekmi kamihicfai okhhk fmlzdqz{{zk aifm|ihk mkhhdfflhfkzd( d ~dzfzk odhhk jdzabk fflmi df |kizf ko dhhk akhhk lzfcizflkzk okqfmdk dhhi qiaadccfi okh ~zioii0% {m‖{mfî of adzfai fmkhhfckmk oidd of qz{ekmf ~kz fh eimfizdccfi okhhk aimofwfimf of aimqkz|dwfimk k ~kzhd aie{mfadwfimk aim fh qfqked of ckqfimk okhhd fflhfkzd0% fh qfqked akmzdhfwwdi of ckqfimk okhhd fflhfkzd abk khdjizf chf khkekmf fmlizedf|f ~zi|kmfkmf odhhk {mfî ofadzfai k odhhk fmlzdqz{{zk ~kz ~zio{zzk hk fmlizedwfimf mkakqqdzfk ~kz chf qd`kbihokz-



Chf khkekmf fmlzdqz{{zdhf

Chf khkekmf fmlzdqz{{zdhf zfc{dzodmi h‖fe~hkekmdwfimk of kamihicfk fmmi|df|k q{hhk fmlzdqz{{zk aifm|ihkmkhhi qiaadccfi mkh zdq~izi okh ~zioii d ~dzfzk odhhd ad{zd fflmi dh aimq{edizk fflmdhk- ^kz t{dmizfc{dzod h‖fe~fdmfqfad d jizoi okf eii~kqabkzkaaf( q{hhd dzzkzdkwwd okf ekwwf qf â cfî ofqa{qqi~zkakokmkekmk( k chf q{of q{f ~kqabkzkaaf fmmi|df|f ~zk|koimi fmkz|kmf abk |dmmi odf qfqkef of~zi~{hqfimk( dhhd lized okchf qadffl( dhhk kamihicfk of zklzfckzdwfimk k of zdqefqqfimk okf odf-H‖d~~zilimofekmi of dhf kedfabk kq{hd odhhk fflmdhfî okh ~zkqkmk oia{ekmi( ~kzdmi af qf hfefd dqiihfmkdzk h‖fe~izdmwd of dhf dq~kf d fflmf okh efchfizdekmi okhhk adzdkzfqfabk t{dhfdf|k okh ~zioii(ed dmabk ~kz hd qiqkmfjfhfî okhhk df|fî of ~kqad k ~kz hd qfa{zkwwd d jizoi- ^kz t{dmi zfc{dzod fm|kak chffmkz|kmf fmlzdqz{{zdhf q{hhk qz{{zk of qiaadccfi kqqf zfc{dzodmi ~zfmaf~dhekmk chf dq~kf hkcdf dhhdekqqd d ~{mi of ~ihffabk of ckqfimk okhhk ekzaf jdqdk q{ q~kaffflaf fmofadizf t{dhf do kqke~fi hd qbkhl%hflk

zkqfo{d okf ~zioif- H‖fmlzdqz{{zd qdzkjjk fm dh adqi aiqf{fd od {m fe~fdmi of eimfizdccfi oidi ofdmkmmk k zkdokz d zdofilzkt{kmwd "ZLFO& ~kz h‖fokmfffladwfimk k hd hiadhfwwdwfimk okhhk {mfî of adzfai( k of {mqilsdzk fh q{~~izi okafqfimdhk dhhd ckqfimk okhhk ekzaf qiaadk- [m kqke~fi of hiadhfwwdwfimk ekofdmkkamihicfk sfzkhkqq â eiqzdi mkhhd fflc{zd t{f d hdi- H‖fmlzdqz{{zd bdzosdzk ai~zk h‖fmkzi |ih{ek ofqiaadccfi k f cdkq of fmczkqqi k {qafd odh edcdwwfmi fm eioi od aimqkmfzk hd hk{zd d{iedfad okhhkqizfk ke~i)ke~kzd{zd okhhk {mfî of adzfai fm fmczkqqi ko fm {qafd- Ekofdmk dhk fmlzdqz{{zd qdzî~iqqfjfhk d|kzk {md |fqd zfofekmqfimdhk fm ke~i zkdhk okhhd hiadhfwwdwfimk okhhk ekzaf dhh‖fmkzmi okhh‖dzkd ofqiaadccfi ko {m‖fmofadwfimk feekofdd okhhk aimofwfimf of aimqkz|dwfimk( qfd q{f eimfiz of aimzihhi( qfd q{qz{ekmf ~dhedzf i~~iz{mdekmk ~ziczdeedf- H‖fmlizedwfimk q{hhd hiadhfwwdwfimk k q{hhi qdi of

aimqkz|dwfimk okhhd ekzak fmihzk aimqkmfzî hd ke~kqf|d qkcmdhdwfimk of k|km{dhf qf{dwfimf ofok~kzfekmi fmaf~fkmk ekofdmk i~~iz{mf dhhdzef- Hk fmlizedwfimf zdqekqqk odhhk {mfî of adzfai fmihzk~iqqimi ~{ú kqqkzk qlz{dk ~kz h‖fe~hkekmdwfimk of ~ihffabk of qiaadccfi of f~i zdmoie "fm h{ici okhhkzdofwfimdhf dzkk okofadk& k ~kz hd ckmkzdwfimk of hfqk of ~zkhfk|i "~fa`fmc& ifefwwdk( i||kzi jdqdk q{hhdqbkhl%hflk ~f{iqi abk q{hhd odd of fmczkqqi- H‖fe~hkekmdwfimk of t{kqk l{mwfimdhfî ~{ú ~izdzkdhh‖fmazkekmi okh aiklfflafkmk of {fhfwwdwfimk okhhk akhhk aim {m aimqkc{kmk zfq~dzefi q{f aiqf ofzklzfckzdwfimk( mimabæ hd zfo{wfimk okhhd lzdwfimk of ok~kzff-



Chf fejdhhdccf ~zfedzf qkaimodzf k kzwfdzf {fhfwwdf ~kz fh aimlkwfimdekmi k ~kz hd ei|fekmdwfimk okhhk ekzafh{mci hd fflhfkzd okf ~zioif q|ihcimi fe~izdmf l{mwfimf t{dhf7 ~zkqkz|dzk hk adzdkzfqfabk t{dhfdf|k okf~zioif( lizmfzk fmlizedwfimf dh aimq{edizk( ldafhfdzk hd edmf~ihdwfimk okhhk ekzaf o{zdmk hk i~kzdwfimfaieekzafdhf( kaa-- Mkhh‖dejfi okh qfqked of ckqfimk okhhd fflhfkzd( h‖{mfî of adzfai of|kmd {m khkekmikamihicfadekmk d|dmwdi kt{f~dccfdi aim qfqkef k kamihicfk okqfmdk dh dhh‖fokmfffladwfimk( dhzfhk|dekmi k dhhd zdqefqqfimk okf odf( k abk aimzfj{fqak df|dekmk dh edmkmfekmi okhhk adzdkzfqfabkt{dhfdf|k okh ~zioii- H‖{mfî of adzfai â fm dh qkmqi h‖khkekmi zkeii of {md fmlzdqz{{zd ofaie{mfadwfimk okqfmdd dh zdqlkzfekmi of fmlizedwfimf aim fh qfqked of ckqfimk akmzdhfwwdi( czdwfk dhhkzkakmf kamihicfk okhhk Sfzkhkqq Qkmqiz Mksiz`q "SQM& k okhh‖fokmfffladwfimk d{iedfad d zdofilzkt{kmwd"ZLFO&- H‖{mfî of adzfai qdzkjjk fmldf kt{f~dccfdd aim qfqkef of zfhk|dekmi okhhd ke~kzd{zd(okhh‖{efofî okhhd aimakmzdwfimk of iqqfckmi( k of t{dhqfdqf dhzd czdmokwwd abfefai%fflqfad abki~~iz{mdekmk khdjizdd ekofdmk {m eiokhhi edkedfai of ok~kzfekmi ~iqqd illzfzk fmlizedwfimf q{hhiqdi of ok~kzfekmi okh ~zioii- Chf Q{of k hk zfakzabk kqfqkmf kqfeimfdmi okhhd ldfjfhfî kamfad oft{kqf qfqkef k okhhd ~iqqfjfhfî of q|fh{~~f fmo{qzfdhf dhekmi ~ziif~dhf( aiek do kqke~fi zf~izdi mkhhk

qkc{kmf fflc{zk q{hhd eiokhhfwwdwfimk k qfe{hdwfimk okhhd aimakmzdwfimk of iqqfckmi fm {m‖{mfî of adzfaiaimkmk ~zioif dczfaihf "‘aiejfmko zdmqlkz ~bkmiekmd fm 1o eiokhhfmc il ~da`dcko liioq― E- \- OkJimfq( C- Dhfkzf k C- Z{iaai&-

[mftî of adzfai fmtkhhfckmtk



Qfqtked of ckqtfimk okhhd fflhfkzd

Fh qilsdzk of eimfizdccfi k aimzihhi okhhd fflhfkzd fmfflmk( â h‖khkekmi ~fö aie~hkqqi okh qfqked ko âaiqf{fi od {md ldefchfd of eio{hf okqfmdf d ckqfzk f {qqf k chf khkekmf fmlizedf|f ~zioif odchf k|kmfabk qf q{aakoimi h{mci hd fflhfkzd k d zkmokzhf lz{fjfhf "i~~iz{mdekmk khdjizdf& df |dzf qd`kbihokz okhhd fflhfkzd"|kof fflc{zd&- H‖d~~hfadf|i qf jdqd q{hh‖fmkczdwfimk okf of|kzqf hdvkz kamihicfaf abk qf q{aakoimi odh hf|khhifflqfai aizzfq~imokmk dhhd ei|fekmdwfimk okf dc fflmi dh hf|khhi of ~zkqkmdwfimk okf odf q{h ~izdhk skj dht{dhk chf dizf okhhd fflhfkzd ~iqqimi daakokzk qkaimoi {m ~zifflhi fmof|fo{dhk-Chf k|kmf abk ckmkzdmi chf khkekmf fmlizedf|f okh qfqked qimi aiqf{ff do kqke~fi odhh‖fmczkqqi of {m~dhhk dhh‖fmkzmi of {md akhhd lzfci i fh adzfadekmi of {m dc q{ {m |kizk- F aizzfq~imokmf khkekmf fmlizedf|f|kzzdmmi ckqff od {m k|km%edmdckz abk q{hhd jdqk okhhk fmlizedwfimf ~zi|kmfkmf odh hf|khhi fflqfai "zkdokz(

dmkmmk( dc( kaa…& dccfizmkzî fh oddsdzkbi{qk aimkmk hk fmlizedwfimf q{hhi qdi okf qfqkef- F odf~izdmmi fmfflmk kqqkzk khdjizdf odchf {kmf qfd d hf|khhi ~{m{dhk qfd dcczkcdf fm lized of qdfqfabk fm jdqkdhhk l{mwfimf kq~iqk q{hh‖d~~hfadfim)~zkqkmdfim hdvkz- Fh qfqked ~kzdmi qf aimfflc{zkzî aiek {md~fddlized e{hf%{kmk k e{hf%hdvkz oidi of {m‖dzabfk{zd izfkmdd dh qkz|fwfi "Qkz|fak Izfkmko

Dzabfka{zk( QID&- Fm jdqk d dhk qz{{zd( fh qfqked illzk hk qkc{kmf l{mwfimdhfî kqkqk dhh‖fmkzd fflhfkzd7% Fokmfffladwfimk hd ekzak h{mci hd fflhfkzdEimfizdccfi okhhd qizfd kzefad k of {f f ~dzdekzf abfefai%fflqfaf of fmkzkqqk% ^zk|fqfimk k Qkcmdhdwfimk of qf{dwfimf of ok~kzfekmi fmaf~fkmk% Qkcmdhdzk dj{qf kzefaf mkhhk ldqf of qiaadccfi i zdq~izi



Aiqtf k jkmkfflaf

F ~dzdczdffl ~zkakokmf okqazf|imi fh eioi fm a{f( dfmckmoi dhh‖iofkzmi ~dmizded kamihicfai k df zfq{hdfokhhk zkakmf zfakzabk mkh qkizk okhhd hicfqfad okhhk ekzaf ok~kzfjfhf( qfd kamfadekmk ldfjfhk hdzkdhfwwdwfimk of {m qfqked d|dmwdi of eimfizdccfi okhhk fflhfkzk ~kz ~zioif ok~kzfjfhf- _dhk qfqked {d|fd~zkqkmd aiqf of fm|kqfekmi k of ckqfimk abk zd~~zkqkmdmi {m fmckmk imkzk ~kz hd fflhfkzd( zfedmk t{fmofod abfkokzqf qk dhhd ldfjfhfî kamfad of qfefhf qf dqqiaf dmabk {md aim|kmfkmwd kaimiefad- D dh ~zi~iqfi |ddmwf{i ~zkafqdi abk hd zkdhfwwdwfimk of {m qfqked aiek t{khhi okqazfi ~zk|kok okhhk dmdhfqf k okhhkqakhk ~zick{dhf "|dh{dwfimk okh hii kaimiefai of zdaafdjfhfî( dmdhf okh |dhizk okh ~zioii h{mci hdadkmd kaa-& mkakqqdzfk ~kz hd ‘~kzqimdhfwwdwfimk― okh qfqked q{hhk adzdkzfqfabk okh ~zioii k okhhdfflhfkzd- Hd |kzffflad okhhd ldfjfhfî kaimiefad okhh‖fmfwfdf|d zfabfkok fm icmf adqi h‖fmof|fo{dwfimk okf aiqf k okf

jkmkfflaf abk adzdkzfwwdmi h‖fm|kqfekmi- H‖dmdhfqf okf aiqf qf ~{ú cziqqihdmdekmk zfo{zzk dhhd |dh{dwfimkokf aiqf of fm|kqfekmi aiqf{ff odhhk fmlzdqz{{zk fflqqk "Bdzosdzk k Qilsdzk& k okchf khkekmf zkeif"{mfî of adzfai&- Hd |dh{dwfimk okf jkmkfflaf zfabfkok fm|kak {m‖dmdhfqf ~zkhfefmdzk q{hhd zfo{wfimk okhhd lzdwfimkof ~kzff( abk mkhh‖dejfi okh qfqked ~zi~iqi ~zkqkmkzkjjkzi dmaizd {m |dhizk of zka{~kzi ~f{iqi abk {maiqi of qedhfekmi( mkh eiekmi fm a{f djjdmoimkzkjjkzi hd fflhfkzd ~zfmaf~dhk- [m dhzi fe~izdmkkhkekmi ~kz h‖kaimiefd okh qfqked qdzkjjk hd zfokfflmfwfimk okf ~ziakqqf hicfqfaf "~ihffabk of qiaadccfi(zkcihk of ~fa`fmc kaa-& okf ~dzdekzf i~kzdf|f okhhd fflhfkzd "ofekmqfimk okf hif( ke~f of dzd|kzqdekmi okhhdfflhfkzd&( k h‖fmazkekmi okhhd |fd aieekzafdhk okh ~zioii- Fm ~dzfaihdzk mkh qkizk ffai( hd ofq~imfjfhfî offmlizedwfimf q{h ekzadi ~{ú kqqkzk fe~izdmk mkhhd ckqfimk okhhk df|fî of ~kqad k okhhk ldqf of ad{zd"~kqak |kmo{i t{dmoi â dmaizd d jizoi&- Fmfflmk( ekofdmk q~kaffflabk ~ihffabk of edz`kfmc( fh ~zkefi of~zkwwi abk fh aimq{edizk qdzkjjk ofq~iqi d ~dcdzk ~kz hd cdzdmwfd q{hhd qfa{zkwwd k q{hhd t{dhfî okh~zioii aiqf{fzkjjkzi {m‖{hkzfizk limk of zkoofi ~kz hd fflhfkzd- Qf ~{ú ~kzdmi aimah{okzk abk hd ldfjfhfîkamfad okh qfqked ~zi~iqi of~kmok eihi odhhk ~ihffabk of hicfqfad k odhhk qzdkcfk aieekzafdh abk â fmczdoi of qlz{dzk( lkzei zkqdmoi abk chf dq~kf ~zick{dhf adhdf q{hhk adzdkzfqfabk okh ~zioii "|dhizk(ok~kzfjfhfî kaa-& edmkmcimi {m z{ihi limodekmdhk q{hh‖klffladafd okh qfqked k q{h aimkmfekmi okf aiqf-



[m m{i|i qfqtked ~kz

h‖ktfabkttdt{zd d jizoi okf

~zioittf okhhd ~kqad dqtzdqafai

'Cfidaabfmi Jimi "Fqtft{ti ~kz h‖Dejfkmtk EdzfmiAiqtfkzi( Aimqfchfi Mdwfimdhk okhhk Zfakzabk&



_kamihicfk fmmi|dtf|k of aimqkz|dwfimk

okh cdejkzi ziqd " ̂ dzd~kmdk{q

himcfziqtzfq & okh cdejkzi ziqqi

" Dzfqtdkieiz~bd lihfdakd & k okhhi qade~i" Mk~bzi~q miz|kcfa{q &-



Hd zfakzad bd d|{i h‖ijfkf|i of q~kzfekmdzkm{i|f ekiof k kamihicfk of aimlkwfimdekmi okfaziqdakf dhkzmdf|k dh qihffli of qiofiaie{mkekmk fe~fkcdi ~kz aimzdqdzkh‖dmmkzfekmi i ‘ekhdmiqf―- H‖{qi okf qihfflf(

aiek â mii( okkzefmd mkhh‖{iei qk|kzf kllkf off~kzqkmqfjfhfî k mkh ~zioii {md qiqdmwfdhkdhkzdwfimk okhhk t{dhfî izcdmihkfabk-Fmihzk( fh zkqfo{i of t{kqi dooff|i qfmkfai mkfaziqdakf okad~iof zfq{hd ckmkzdhekmk edccfizkzfq~ki dhhk t{dmfî deekqqk odhhd Ofzkf|dAie{mfdzfd 6;):)AK-

Dq~kf t{kqf( abk zi|dmi {hkzfizk qiqkcmimkhhd ~ihffad aie{mk okhhd ~kqad( hd t{dhk qf

~zi~imk of qfeihdzk h‖ifefwwdwfimk okhhk hfmkk of~zio{wfimk k zdqlizedwfimk okf ~zioif ffaf( dhfflmk of dqqfa{zdzk ~zio{wfimf of dhd t{dhfî(fcfkmfafî k aim {m khk|di |dhizk dccf{mi-Fm dhkzmdf|d dhh‖d{dhk zfaizqi df qihfflf( t{fmof(mkh ~zicki â qdi |dh{di h‖kllki aiejfmdiokhhk kamihicfk of aimlkwfimdekmi fm deiqlkzdeiofffladd k okh aimckhdekmi q{hhd qbkhl%hflk okhcdejkzi ziqd( okh cdejkzi ziqqi k okhhi

qade~i- Aiqè( ofzkdekmk d jizoi of {meii~kqad o‖dh{zd( of|kzqf ade~fimf of {k kzk hk q~kafk qimi qdf aimlkwfimdf qkaimoiofllkzkmf ~ziiaihhf abk ~zk|kok|dmih‖{fhfwwdwfimk of efqakhk of cdq d of|kzqdaie~iqfwfimk of dwii "M:& k of dmfozfokadzjimfad "AI:&- Q{aakqqf|dekmk( {f fade~fimf qimi qdf aimckhdf d %:>¾A k

qii~iqf d aimzihhi abfefai( fflqfai kizcdmihkfai ~kz {m ~kzfioi aie~hkqqf|i of {mddmmi- F zfq{hdf okhhk dmdhfqf abfefabk "DJ_\ k_JDZQ& k hk |dh{dwfimf qkmqizfdhf "aihizk( ioizk(qd~izk& bdmmi eiqzdi abk hk kamihicfk of

aimlkwfimdekmi fm deiqlkzd eiofffladd(aiejfmdk aim hk jdqqk ke~kzd{zk ofqiaadccfi( ~iqqimi kqqkzk zdaaiedmodk ~kzkqkmokzk hd qbkhl%hflk okf aziqdakf qkmwd hdmkakqqfî of ldzk zfaizqi dchf dooff|f of md{zdabfefad-^kzdmi( fm aimqkc{kmwd okf zfq{hdf ikm{f( qfzffkmk abk h‖doiwfimk of t{kqd m{i|d kamihicfdof aimqkz|dwfimk od ~dzk okchf fe~zkmofizf okh

qkizk( ~izkjjk okkzefmdzk {m qkmqfjfhk kfeekofdi |dmdccfi aie~kff|i( dqqiafdi do{m edccfizk hf|khhi of ~zifflf ko fm kzefmf ~föckmkzdhf( {m‖kq~dmqfimk okh ekzadi( aimaimqkc{kmf jkmkfflaf ~kz {k hk fe~zkqkokhh‖fmkzd fflhfkzd-



ZLFO%kt{f~~ko Sfzkhkqq Qkmqiz Mksiz`q

~kz hd zdaafdjfhfî of ~zioif

'^zil- Cf{qk~~k Hi Zk "OFACFE %Of~dzfekmi of Fmckcmkzfd Abfefad(Ckqfimdhk( Fmlizedfad( Ekaadmfad[mf|kzqfî of ^dhkzei&

_kamihicfk ~kz hd tzdaafdjfhftî



^kz kllk{dzk fh eimfizdccfi of {md t{dmfî khk|dd of ~zioif â fe~izdmk kqqkzk fm czdoi of lizmfzk aim~zkafqfimk( daa{zdkwwd k zd~fofî hd ‘qizfd― of icmf kqke~hdzk okh ~zioii qkqqi- Fh adqi f~fai â t{khhi okf~zioif dhfekmdzf( ~kz a{f iccfcfizmi qf qkmk qke~zk ~fö hd mkakqqfî of kqqkzk fm czdoi of zfqdhfzk dhh‖kqddazimihicfd okf zddekmf d a{f qimi qdf qii~iqf k okhhk aimofwfimf qdmfdzfk of aimqkz|dwfimk- Fm t{kqi(aiek fm dhzf qakmdzf qfefhf( {mi okf zkt{fqff limodekmdhf aimqfqk mkhhd ~iqqfjfhfî of {m daakqqi zd~foi k

~zkafqi dhhk fmlizedwfimf zkhdf|k do icm{mi okchf icckf k ~kz zdccf{mckzk t{kqi ijfkf|i jfqicmkzkjjkkqqkzk fm czdoi of eimfizdzhf fmof|fo{dhekmk- Qf bd t{fmof mkakqqfî of ofq~iqff|f d jdqqi aiqi {mfdzfiabk( of ldafhk aihhiadwfimk k mim fmz{qf|f ~kz h‖dejfkmk of {fhfwwi- F zkakmf q|fh{~~f okhhd kamihicfd( fmq~kafdh eioi mkh ade~i okf qfqkef efazi%khkzi%ekaadmfaf "EKEQ&( bdmmi zkqi ~iqqfjfhk hd zkdhfwwdwfimk ofofq~iqff|f of zfhk|dwfimk kaimiefaf( aie~df k d jdqqd ~ikmwd ~kz ldz lzimk d t{kqk kqfckmwk0 fm t{kqdadkcizfd zfadoimi hk zkf of qkmqizf sfzkhkqq- F qkmqizf sfzkhkqq d~~dzkmcimi d {md ahdqqk of efm{qaihfofq~iqff|f ~ziczdeedjfhf( oidf of adzdkzfqfabk of aie{mfadwfimk k of zfhk|dekmi of odf k adzdkzfwwdfod hfefdk zfqizqk of kmkzcfd- _dhf d~~dzkaabfd{zk qimi kt{f~dccfdk aim qkmqizf dodf d efq{zdzk q|dzfdkczdmokwwk fflqfabk0 do kqke~fi( d qkaimod okhh‖ijfkf|i okhhd ~dzfaihdzk d~~hfadwfimk â ~iqqfjfhk ikmkzk

zfhk|dwfimf of ke~kzd{zd( {efofî( kq~iqfwfimk df zdccf h{efmiqf kaa- Hk zkf of qkmqizf ~iqqimi aimkmkzk {mm{ekzi dmabk khk|di of dhf miof k qimi f~fadekmk {qdk ~kz aie~ff abk zfabfkoimi ~dzfaihdzf ad~dafî ofzdaaihd okf odf ko kqzdwfimk of fmlizedwfimf odhh‖dejfkmk- _zd hk hizi adzdkzfqfabk ~zfmaf~dhf fflc{zdmi hd~zkafqfimk mkhhk fmlizedwfimf zdaaihk k hd |kzqdfhfî0 fmldf( czdwfk dhhk zfoik ofekmqfimf f ofq~iqff|f ~iqqimikqqkzk ldafhekmk fmkczdf mkhh‖dejfkmk qkmwd kqqkzk fmz{qf|f( fmihzk mim mkakqqfdmi of edm{kmwfimk iq{~kz|fqfimk fm t{dmi qimi oidf of {md limk of kmkzcfd d{imied( aimqkmkmoi t{fmof {m eimfizdccfiaimfm{i k ~{m{dhk- [md fokd fmmi|df|d ~zk|kok h‖{qi okhhk zkf of qkmqizf sfzkhkqq {mfdekmk d ofq~iqff|fZLFO ~kz h‖{fhfwwi fm {m qfqked of zdaafdjfhfî of ~zioif of |dzfi ckmkzk0 chf ZLFO ~izkjjkzi fmldf l{mckzkod {hkzfizk qz{ekmi of zfhk|dekmi k aidof{|dzk f qkmqizf sfzkhkqq mkhhd zdaaihd okf odf- Fh Zdofi

Lzkt{kmav Fokmfffladfim "ZLFO& â {m ekioi of fokmfffladwfimk d{iedfad abk qf jdqd q{hhd ekeizfwwdwfimk kfh zka{~kzi okf odf od zkeii zdefk ofq~iqff|f abfdedf kfabkk "dc& k zdmq~imokz ZLFO- F dc ZLFO ~föofll{qf d{dhekmk qimi of f~i ~dqqf|i k aie~zkmoimi {m eio{hi of aie{mfadwfimk ~dqqf|i ko {md efmfedt{dmfî of ekeizfd- Kqqf l{mwfimdmi qihi fm ~zkqkmwd of {m hkizk abk kekk kmkzcfd khkziedcmkfad ko âfm czdoi of zdaaichfkzk h‖kmkzcfd zfkqqd odhh‖ZLFO k t{fmof of aie{mfadzk aim t{kq‖{hfei0 mim â fm|kak~iqqfjfhk hd aie{mfadwfimk ofzkd zd of|kzqf dc ZLFO ~dqqf|f- [md |dzfdmk ~fö k|ih{d of dhf ofq~iqff|f ât{khhd df|d( f a{f kqke~hdzf( d lzimk of {m edccfizk aiqi {mfdzfi( qimi oidf of {md qizckmk of kmkzcfd~kz h‖dhfekmdwfimk okf afza{ff fmkczdf k ~kz hd ckmkzdwfimk okh qkcmdhk0 kqqf bdmmi



f~fadekmk zdmck of zdqefqqfimk ~fö de~f "fflmi d 4>>e&( edccfizf t{dmfî of ekeizfd "fflmi d 2EJ&(cdzdmfqaimi hd qfa{zkwwd okf odf ko {m khk|dd o{zdd okhhd jdkzfd( fh a{f ke~i of |fd ~{ú zdccf{mckzk f ;dmmf- [m qfqked fmkczdi of qkmqizf sfzkhkqq k ofq~iqff|f ZLFO ~izkjjk kqqkzk fe~fkcdi fm {mi qakmdzfiof zdaafdjfhfî of ~zioif( aiek do kqke~fi fm {md fflhfkzd dczidhfekmdzk- Fm t{kqi dejfi f ~zioif ~dqqdmidzd|kzqi of|kzqk ldqf of hd|izdwfimk k of aimqkz|dwfimk ko â fe~izdmk abk o{zdmk {i fh ~kzaizqi akzk

adzdkzfqfabk fflqfai%abfefabk |kmcdmi edmkm{k kmzi okkzefmdf qdmodzo of t{dhfî- Qf q{~~imcd ofe{mfzk icmf ~dhhk "i||kzi icmf aimkmfizk fe~fkcdi ~kz fh zdq~izi of {md okkzefmdd t{dmfî of ~zioii&of {m dc ZLFO df|i k abk f of|kzqf dejfkmf kmzi a{f t{kqf qf zi|kzdmmi d zdmqfdzk qfdmi kt{f~dccfdf aim{md zkk of qkmqizf sfzkhkqq fm czdoi of aie{mfadzk aim f dc ZLFO- F qkmqizf ~izkjjkzi zfhk|dzk hkadzdkzfqfabk fflqfabk of fmkzkqqk fm {m odi dejfkmk k aimke~izdmkdekmk azkdzk {m‖dqqiafdwfimk oft{kqk aim icm{mi okchf fokmfffladizf ZLFO- Chf ZLFO zd h‖dhzi ~iqqimi dmabk kqqkzk {qdf ~kzfeedcdwwfmdzk dha{mk okhhk t{dmfî of fmkzkqqk k ekeizfwwdzhk od {m ~dqqdccfi dhh‖dhzi- Fm okfflmff|d qfzf{qafzkjjk fm dh eioi d azkdzk {md ‘qizfd― okhhk adzdkzfqfabk of icmf qfmcihi ~zioii k {md |ihd dokqfmdwfimk qf ~izkjjkzi zf|kzqdzk hk fmlizedwfimf zdaaihk fm {m oddjdqk-

Hk oflfflaihî mkhhd ~zickdwfimk of {m qfqked of t{kqi f~i qimi m{ekziqk k of |dzfd md{zd- Fmmdmwf{i âabfdzi abk â zfabfkqd hd zfhk|dwfimk k ekeizfwwdwfimk of {md mik|ihk t{dmfî of odf k afú zfabfkok hd~zkqkmwd of {m zij{qi oddjdqk dhhk q~dhhk okhh‖fmlzdqz{{zd of zkk- Jfqicmd fmihzk midzk abk f miofqkmqizf qimi d{imief odh ~{mi of |fqd kmkzckfai( ed â mkakqqdzfi hfefdzk fh hizi aimq{ei ~kz ~zih{mcdzkfh ke~i of |fd okhhd zkk- H‖{fhfwwi of dc ZLFO ~dqqf|f aie~izkzkjjk {m khk|di ofq~kmofi kmkzckfai od~dzk okf qkmqizf( abk qdzkjjkzi aiqzkf do {md aimfm{d zfhk|dwfimk okhhd k|km{dhk ~zkqkmwd okf dcqkqqf- Qf ~zi~imk aiek dhkzmdf|d h‖{fhfwwi of dc df|f0 f miof qkmqizf oi|zdmmi aie{mt{k kqqkzkkt{f~dccfdf aim zdmq~imokz ZLFO abk abfdzdekmk aiqf{fzdmmi {md limk mim zdqa{zdjfhk of aimq{eikmkzckfai- Qf aimke~hd t{fmof zd chf ijfkf|f dmabk hi q{ofi of {m bdzosdzk abk hfeff dhf aimq{ef( fm

~dzfaihdzk q{ofdmoi {md |dzfdmk of f~i ‘~dqqf|i― ~kz f zdq~imokz qkqqf abk qf hfeff d zfak|kzk h‖kmkzcfdzdqekqqd odf dc df|f fm|kak of ckmkzdzk d{imiedekmk okf qkcmdhf-



Hd t{dhfî okh ~kqadi qfafhfdmi zd kzzfizfdhfî k zdofwfimk



Fh qkizk ffai qfafhfdmi( aiqè aiek fm ckmkzdhk h‖fmkzi qfqked ~zio{f|i okhh‖dczidhfekmdzk zkcfimdhk( âadzdkzfwwdi od {m lizk hkcdek aim hd kzzfizfdhfî k hd zdofwfimk abk aimlkzfqaimi adzdkzfqfabk t{dhfdf|kfmzfmqkabk eihi khk|dk df ~zioif- T{kqi dq~ki zd~~zkqkmd {m |kzi k ~zi~zfi ~dzfeimfi od {khdzkqi~zd{i fm {m‖ifad of kaimiefad d qadhd chijdhk adzdkzfwwdd odhh‖fmczkqqi q{h ekzadi of ~zioif offe~izdwfimk( ~zi|kmfkmf q~kqqi od edzf himdmf k adzdkzfwwdf od zkt{fqff ~fö jdqqf of t{dhfî-

_kzzfizfi k zdofwfimk qimi o{mt{k o{k okhhk ~dzihk abfd|k kekzqk odhhd hk{zd okf odf zdaaihf( mkhhd ldqk ofzfakzad okh ~zicki _ZD-AK-( dzd|kzqi {m‖fmodcfmk q{f aimq{edizf hiadhf fflmdhfwwdd d okhfmkdzmk hk~zfmaf~dhf djf{ofmf of dat{fqi k hk ~zklkzkmwk of aimq{ei( k {md q{chf dizf aifm|ihf mkhhd fflhfkzd ~zio{f|dokh ~zioii ffai( abk d|k|d fm|kak h‖ijfkf|i of |dh{dzk fh ldjjfqicmi of qkz|fwf okchf kmf ko i~kzdizf okhqkizk ffai- Hk o{k fmodcfmf( kmzdejk q|ihk zd edzwi k h{chfi :>44( bdmmi ~kzekqqi of zdaaichfkzkfmlizedwfimf ~zkwfiqk q{f ~zidcimfqf okh ekzadi okh ~kqadi qfafhfdmi k bdmmi zd~~zkqkmdi fh ~zkq{~~iqi~kz {d h‖df|fî ~zieiwfimdhk k fmlizedf|d okh ~zicki- Qk~~{zk hk fmkz|fqk df aimq{edizf k dchfi~kzdizf okh qkizk mim ~kzekdmi of zdzzk aimah{qfimf |dhfok ~kz h‖fmkzd ~i~ihdwfimk zkcfimdhk( hk zfq~iqklizmfk odh ade~fimk fmkz|fqdi bdmmi odi okchf khkekmf {fhf d okfflmfzk {md ade~dcmd klffladak of

fmlizedwfimk k qkmqfjfhfwwdwfimk okf aimq{edizf od {m hdi k of q{~~izi dchf i~kzdizf okh aie~dzi ffaiodhh‖dhzi- M{ekziqk qimi hk ~zdfabk ~zio{f|k( hkcdk qi~zd{i dhhd ~faaihd ~kqad( abk dqq{eimi izedfmimi qihi fe~izdmwd odh ~{mi of |fqd kaimiefai ed dmabk qiafdhk( qizfai k a{h{zdhk qfd ~kz fhedmkmfekmi okf okhfadf kt{fhfjzf okhh‖dejfkmk edzfmi k aiqfkzi abk ~kz fh aimqihfodzqf mkf aimq{edizf ofdjf{ofmf dhfekmdzf qdmk( hkcdk dhhd qdcfimdhfî k dhhd qakhd okh aiqfooki ‘~kqak ~i|kzi―- H‖[mfimkK{zi~kd abfkok dchf Qdf ekejzf of zdccf{mckzk khk|df qdmodzo of qfa{zkwwd dhfekmdzk aiek khkekmfjdqfhdzf ~kz hd ekqqd fm aieekzafi okf ~zioif( qk d t{kqi |dhizk qf dccf{mcimi hk adzdkzfqfabk ofkzzfizfdhfî k qdcfimdhfî okh ~zioii zkcfimdhk qf ~{ú aimazkdekmk fmaizdccfdzk fh aimq{ei k fmaimzdzkdmabk fh ld|izk okf aimq{edizf ~fö dkmf k lizedf q{hhk kedfabk of qfa{zkwwd dhfekmdzk- Hd

aie{mfadwfimk k h‖fmlizedwfimk of|kmdmi aiqè {mi qz{ekmi limodekmdhk ~kz aimt{fqdzk de~fk k m{i|klkk of ekzadi7 iaaizzk {m fe~kcmi aie{mk okhhk fqf{wfimf k okchf i~kzdizf okh qkizk fm df|fî ofqkmqfjfhfwwdwfimk dh czdmok ~{jjhfai dlfflmabæ qf djjfd {md ~kzakwfimk abfdzd k aizzkd okhhk t{dhfî okh~kqadi zkcfimdhk( fm kzefmf of qfa{zkwwd dhfekmdzk( of lzkqabkwwd k of |dhizfwwdwfimk of {m dejfi ~zio{f|iaiek t{khhi okhhd ~faaihd ~kqad( hkcdi d zdofwfimf efhhkmdzfk k dh zfq~ki okhh‖dejfkmk edzfmi0 fh qkc{kmk~zicki bd zd~~zkqkmdi qfa{zdekmk {m‖i~~iz{mfî fe~izdmk fm dh qkmqi- Qf d{q~fad fmihzk mkh l{{zi ofzf{qafzk d aihedzk hk hda{mk qz{{zdhf( l{mwfimdhf k lizedf|k okh qkizk abk fm{fqaimi mkcdf|dekmk q{hq{i q|fh{~~i-



Abf aimq{ed edccfizekmk fh ~kqak fm ldefchfd9^kz t{dmi dfkmk dhhd ~dzk q~kaffflad q{h aimq{ei of ~zioii ffai(odhh‖fmodcfmk kekzcimi okf odf eihi fmaizdccfdmf( abk zfc{dzodmi{m aimq{ei of ~kqak abk d||fkmk fm edmfkzd ieickmkd ~kz {f fekejzf okhhd ldefchfd( fmah{qf f jdejfmf mkh <:(;+ okf adqf$ Mkhzkqdmk 1<(1+ qf zkcfqzd abk qihdmi chf do{hf aimq{edmi ~kqak(kmokmwd hdzcdekmk ofjd{d k okqazfd od m{ekziqk zfakzabk ofkq~kzf k m{zfwfimfqf fm Fdhfd abk okm{mafdmi {m aimq{ei of ~kqakt{dmfdf|dekmk zi~~i jdqqi mkf qicckf ~fö cfi|dmf okhhd

~i~ihdwfimk- Dhzi odi kqzkedekmk fmkzkqqdmk â t{khhi abkzfc{dzod fh aimq{ei of ~kqak djf{dhk ~kz {f chf fmkz|fqdf "Czdl- 4&-

Aim abk lzkt{kmwd qf edmcfd fh ~kqak9Fh aimq{ei of ~kqak d||fkmk( ~kz fh ;1+ okf adqf {md |ihd dhhdqkfedmd0 j{imd dmabk hd ~kzakm{dhk of fmkz|fqdf abk aimq{ed~kqak ~fö lzkt{kmkekmk( ~dzf dh 14+ okf adqf0 qihdmi h‖4+aimq{ed ~kqak {md |ihd dh ekqk i ekmi "Czdl- :&- Fh aimq{ei of~kqak d||fkmk( mkh 26+ okf adqf zfhk|df( dhh‖fmkzmi okhhk e{zdoiekqfabk0 hd zkqdmk ~dzk( ~dzf dh 4>(2+ bd ofabfdzdi ofaimq{edzk fh ~zioii ffai ~zk|dhkmkekmk fm hiadhf of zfqizdwfimk7d~~zilimokmoi t{kqi dq~ki â kekzqi abk mkh ?>+ okf adqf fhaimq{ei dh zfqizdmk d||fkmk ~kz eif|f hkcdf dhhk oflfflaihî of~zk~dzdwfimk okh ~zioii ffai fm adqd( qkc{fi odh :>+ okchffmkz|fqdf abk zffkmk ~fö qd~izfi k c{qiqi fh ~kqak ~zk~dzdi mkfzfqizdmf0 {m {hkzfizk :>+ zffkmk kaimiefadekmk ~fö aim|kmfkmkedmcfdzhi fm zfqizdmk abk ~zk~dzdzhi d adqd-

Hk djf{ofmf of dat{fqi okf aimq{edizf

hiadhf



^kz t{dmi dfkmk dhhd f~ihicfd of ~zioii i dhhk q~kafk

edccfizekmk aimq{edk zd chf fmkz|fqdf kekzck abk mkh?1(2+ okf adqf fh ~zioii lzkqai ~kqadi â of czdm h{mcd hdf~ihicfd ~fö qakhd( qkc{fd ~kz fh :4(1+ odh ~zioii lzkqai ofdhhk|dekmi-Qfd fh ~kqak zdqlizedi abk t{khhi aimckhdi i q{zckhdi qfdkqdmi q{ {md ~kzakm{dhk of afzad fh 4;+ okhhk ~zklkzkmwkq{h idhk okchf fmkz|fqdf- D~~dzk eihi jdqqi fh aimq{ei of~kqak az{oi mkhhk |dzfk ~zk~dzdwfimf illkzk odh ekzadi "Czdl-m- 1&-

_zd hk q~kafk of ~kqak edccfizekmk aimq{edk odchffmkz|fqdf q~faadmi mkh :1+ okf adqf hk q~fcihk k izdk( qfd~zi|kmfkmf odhhd ~kqad abk( aiek d||fkmk mkhhd edccfiz ~dzkokf adqf( odhh‖dhhk|dekmi fm edzk- T{kqk q~kafkzd~~zkqkmdmi iccf f ~zioif ~fö ldafhekmk zk~kzfjfhf qfd mkf~faaihf ~{mf |kmofd( abk ~zkqqi hd czdmok ofqzfj{wfimk-T{kqk q~kafk qimi qkc{fk( aim {md ~kzakm{dhk okh ::+odhh‖ifei ~kqak dww{zzi "dhfaf( qciejzf( qdzofmk( ~kqakq~dihd& abk edmfkmk q{h ekzadi {m ~zkwwi kaimiefadekmkaim|kmfkmk k abk qf adzdkzfwwd ~kz khk|dk t{dhfîm{zfwfimdhf k ~kz hd lzkqabkwwd okf ~zioif- Qkc{imi fm~kzakm{dhk q~kafk ~fö ~zkcfdk aiek f czdmof ~kqaf ~khdcfaf(t{dhf immi k ~kqak q~dod( f eihh{qabf akldhi~iof aiek ~ih~f(adhdedzf k qk~~fk( f eihh{qabf jf|dh|f k f aziqdakf- H‖{hfedqakhd fm ~kzakm{dhk zfq{hd kqqkzk t{khhd okh ekzh{wwi imdqkhhi- "Czdl- m- ?&

T{dhf tf~i of ~kqak qf aimq{ed

djft{dhekmtk9

Oi|k qf dat{fqd fh ~kqak9



H‖dat{fqi of ~zioii ffai d||fkmk ~zk|dhkmkekmk"mkh <>+ okf adqf& fm ~kqabkzfd( ekmzk qihdmi fh 42+okchf fmkz|fqdf qf zflizmfqak ~zkqqi hd czdmokofqzfj{wfimk k fh :4(1+ dh ekzadi ffai i ~zkqqi|kmofizf dej{hdmf "Czdl- m- ;&- H‖21+ okchf fmkz|fqdfofabfdzdmi of zflizmfzqf qke~zk ~zkqqi hi qkqqizf|kmofizk k|fokmwfdmoi t{fmof {m khk|di czdoi offflo{afd k fflokhfwwdwfimk aim fh |kmofizk-

Oi|k qf dat{fqd fh ~kqak9



Hk fmlizedwfimf zkhdf|k dhhd q~kafk( dhhd ~zi|kmfkmwd k dhhk

adzdkzfqfabk t{dhfdf|k okh ~zioii( mkhhd ~kzakwfimk okfaimq{edizf( mim qkejzdmi kqqkzk dokc{dk k zfq~imokmfdhhk dq~kdf|k k mim zfq~kaabfdmi hi qkqqi czdoi of fflo{afdmkf aimlzimf okf aieekzafdmf-Mkh ?6+ okf adqf( fmldf( f aimq{edizf abk dat{fqdmi~zioii lzkqai ofabfdzdmi of mim ikmkzk hk fmlizedwfimfjdqfhdzf zkhdf|k dhhd okmiefmdwfimk okhhd q~kafk k dhhd~zi|kmfkmwd( zfq~ki do {m :3(;+ of fmkz|fqdf abk d~~dzkqioofqldi mkh hf|khhi of fmlizedwfimf dat{fqfk "czdl- <&-

Â ~f{iqi khk|dd "??+& hd ~kzakm{dhk of abf mim abfkokfmlizedwfimf df zf|kmofizf "czdl- 3&( k|fokmwfdmoi od {m hdi {mkhk|di czdoi of fflo{afd |kzqi f aieekzafdmf( odhh‖dhzi~zijdjfhekmk {mi qadzqi hf|khhi of qkmqfjfhfwwdwfimk |kzqi hkkedfabk okhhd qfa{zkwwd dhfekmdzk k okhhd zfmzdaafdjfhfî-Of|kzqd â fm|kak hd qf{dwfimk okf ~zioif aimckhdf)q{zckhdf izdqlizedf abk ~zkqkmdmi qke~zk( czdwfk dhhd ~zkqkmwd offejdhhdccf( fmlizedwfimf dokc{dk ko dmabk dccf{mf|k q{hhkadzdkzfqfabk m{zfwfimdhf( q{hhd eiodhfî of ~zk~dzdwfimk kaimqkz|dwfimk-Hd ~kzakwfimk okf aimq{edizf kekzqd odhhk zfq~iqk okft{kqfimdzf â abk mim qke~zk chf qdmodzo of t{dhfî okf~zioif ffaf qimi dokc{df( dm‖â abk mkh 1<(1+ okf adqf faimq{edizf mim qf qkmimi qfa{zf okhhk cdzdmwfk of lzkqabkwwdk qdh{jzfî illkzk odh ~zioii ffai( dqqfkek do {mdaiq~fa{d t{id of fmkz|fqdf( ~dzf dh ?3(;+ abk ofabfdzd ofmim d|kzk {m‖i~fmfimk ~zkafqd fm ekzfi "czdl- 2&-

Qfa{zkwwd k zfmzdaafdjfhfî7 t{dmi mk

qdmmi f aimq{edizf9

Cdzdmwfd of lzkqabkwwd ~kz {m edccfiz aimq{ei



Â kq~hfadf|d d dh fflmk h‖iqqkz|dwfimk okh czdfflaiaimah{qf|i "czdl- m- 6& od a{f qf k|fmak abk hd ~zfmaf~dhkadzdkzfqfad d~~zkwwdd odh aimq{edizk abk â hdcdzdmwfd of lzkqabkwwd okh ~zioii "14(3+&( qkc{fdodhhd ~iqqfjfhfî of ikmkzk fmlizedwfimf abfdzk zfc{dzoihd ~zi|kmfkmwd( hd ~zkqkmwd of {m edzabfi of t{dhfî k hdedccfizk aim|kmfkmwd okh ~zkwwi- Of efmiz ~kqid~~dfimi adzdkzfqfabk t{dhf hd ~zkqkmwd of fmlizedwfimfzkhdf|k dhhk adzdkzfqfabk m{zfwfimdhf k dhhdaimqkz|djfhfî okh ~zioii i hd |khiafî k qke~hfafî of~zk~dzdwfimk-

Cdzdmwfd of lzkqabkwwd ~kz {m edccfiz aimq{ei



Fh ekzadti fttfai hiadhk |fqti

odchf kq~kztf okh qkttizk

^zkwwf cf{qtf k afjf qdmf7 afú abk c{dzodmi f

t f



Odhhk fmkz|fqk dchf kq~kzf â kekzqi fm edmfkzdfmkt{f|iadjfhk abk h‖dkmwfimk okf aimq{edizf mkfaimlzimf okh ~zioii ffai â lizkekmk adejfddzfq~ki dh ~dqqdi7 fm ~dzfaihdzk( aiek qf k|fmak odhczdfflai m- 4>( qkaimoi chf fmkzhia{izf f kef of edccfizk

fmkzkqqk okh ~{jjhfai qimi t{khhf hkcdf ofzkdekmkdchf dq~kf fcfkmfai qdmfdzf okf ~zioif "?2+& k dhhdkt{fî k qiqkmfjfhfî okh ~zkwwi q{h ekzadi "1:+&-

D ofzhi qimi f 4? fmkzhia{izf ‘~zf|fhkcfdf― aifm|ihfmkhh‖fmodcfmk fm t{dhfî of kq~kzf k ~zilimof aimiqafizfokh ekzadi ffai hiadhk k okhhk ofmdefabk abk qd|f|kmoi d{dhekmk fh aie~dzi okhhd ~kqad zkcfimdhk-

aimq{edtizf



_zd chf qz{ekmf mizedf|f aimqfokzdf klffladaf k fm czdoi of efchfizdzk zkdhekmk

hd t{dhfî okh ~zioii ffai dzd|kzqi hd |dhizfwwdwfimk okh qkizk âqfa{zdekmk qdd zfaimiqaf{d hd ~iqqfjfhfî of doiwfimk of {m edzabfi of t{dhfîokh ~zioii "?;+& abk ofd cdzdmwfd of zdq~dzkmwd okhhd fflhfkzd k |fqfjfhfî dode~fi zdccfi( qkc{fd odhh‖d~~hfadwfimk dokc{dd k aizzkd okh qfqked BDAA^"~kz fh 11+&( "czdl- m- 44&-Hd mizedf|d |fckmk zkhdf|d dhhd qfa{zkwwd dhfekmdzk k dhhk ~zdqqf fcfkmfabk oddoidzk mkhhd fflhfkzd ~zio{f|d â daaihd k |dh{dd aim cf{ofwfi ~iqff|i odhhdedccfiz ~dzk okchf fmkz|fqdf "36+&( qk~~{z {m :>+ aimqfokzf h‖d{dhk t{dozicf{zfofai zi~~i zkqzff|i k imkziqi ~kz chf i~kzdizf okh qkizk( d ofqad~fiokhhd azkqafd kaimiefad-Hd edccfizdmwd t{dqf dqqih{d okf zklkzkmf fmkz|fqdf( ~dzf dh 6:+( ~{zzfkmkmoiqf izedf dokc{ddekmk lizedd k fmlizedd q{hh‖d~~hfadwfimk okhhkmizedf|k |fckmf fm edkzfd of fcfkmk k qfa{zkwwd dhfekmdzk "czdl- m- 41&( zffkmkdhzkqè mkakqqdzfd h‖fe~hkekmdwfimk of {hkzfizf k ke~kqf|f fmkz|kmf oflizedwfimk k fmlizedwfimk d ld|izk okchf i~kzdizf okh qkizk ffai "czdl- m- 4?&(aiqè aiek ~{zk hd idhfî okchf fmkz|fqdf zffkmk abk |dodmi ld|izfk hkade~dcmk of aie{mfadwfimk k qkmqfjfhfwwdwfimk q{h ~zioii ffai zf|ihk dhczdmok ~{jjhfai-Hd oiedmod okh t{kqfimdzfi fflmdhfwwdd d zfhk|dzk fmlizedwfimf q{hhk ad{qk abk

aie~ziekimi edccfizekmk hi q|fh{~~i okh qkizk ffai( zf~izd {mdlzdeekmdwfimk of i~fmfimf od a{f kekzck abk afzad fh 11+ okchf fmkz|fqdfzd||fqd hd mkakqqfî ~zfmaf~dhk of ~ikmwfdzk hk fmlzdqz{{zk abk aihefmi hkm{ekziqk hda{mk okhh‖d{dhk qfqked ofqzfj{f|i zkcfimdhk( ekmzk {m dhzi 11+okm{mafd hk adzkmwk of qkz|fwf dh qkizk( zfq~ki do {m 4?+ abk zfaimiqak zd hkad{qk ~zfmaf~dhf h‖fmqdjfhfî okf ~zkwwf dh ekzadi0 ~kz {m 4>+ |f â {mdj{ziazdfwwdwfimk kaakqqf|d okh qkizk ko {md adzkmwd of lizedwfimk okchfi~kzdizf "czdl m- 4;&-

Mizedtf|d |fckmtk k qtzdtkcfk ~kz hd |dhizfwwdwfimk

okh aie~dzti



Qkaimoi chf fmkz|fqdf( f ldizf abfd|k abk ~iqqimi |dhizfwwdzk

aimazkdekmk fh ~zioii ffai qimi hd zfaimiqafjfhfî okh~zioii zkcfimdhk k h‖d{ekmi of klffladafd mkf ~dqqdccf okhhdfflhfkzd ~zio{f|d "czdl- m- 4<&( aiqè aiek ~zkakokmkekmkkekzqi mkhhd ~iqqfjfhfî of aiqf{fzk k doidzk {m edzabfiaihhkf|i of t{dhfî-Fh zdccf{mcfekmi okchf qdmodzo t{dhfdf|f zfabfkqf dhhkfe~zkqk odhhk mizedf|k |fckmf aie~izd fm okfflmff|d( aiqèaiek kq~zkqqi odhhd edccfizdmwd okchf fmkz|fqdf ~dzf dh33+( okf aiqf dccf{mf|f ~kz hk fe~zkqk( fe~{djfhf qfd dq~kqk fmfwfdhf of dokc{dekmi abk dhhi q|ihcfekmi ~kzfiofaiof eimfizdccf-Â fmkzkqqdmk midzk aiek fh ~dzkzk okchf fmkzhia{izf qfdof|fqi fm o{k k aimzd~~iqi zfq~ki dhhd ~iqqfjfhkaie~kmqdwfimk of t{kqf aiqf of dokc{dekmi qiqkm{f odhhkfe~zkqk d lzimk of edccfizf zfad|f7 f zklkzkmf okh eimoi okhhdzfakzad zfkmcimi fm ckmkzdhk abk f aiqf of edmkmfekmi okchfqdmodzo t{dhfdf|f khk|df zfabfkqf odhhk mizedf|k qfdmi ~ifq{aakqqf|dekmk ‘ai~kzf― od {m edccfiz c{dodcmi mkhhd|kmofd( ekmzk fh eimoi okf qfmodadf k okf aimqizwf

o‖fe~zkqd( ~fö hkcdi dhhd zkdhî ~zio{f|d( zffkmk abk dhfaiqf mim qfdmi aie~hkdekmk zka{~kzdf-



H‖fmodcfmk df aimq{edtizfFh t{kqfimdzfi7 h‖fmodcfmk q{f aimq{edizf d|k|d h‖ijfkf|i of fmodcdzk hk eiodhfî k hk ~zklkzkmwk ofaimq{ei okf ~zioif ffaf k hd aimiqakmwd okchf dq~kf t{dhfdf|f0 d dh fflmk fh t{kqfimdzfi â qdi aie~iqi~zfmaf~dhekmk od 1 ~dzf7 {md qkwfimk dmdczdfflad abk bd ~kzekqqi of zfhk|dzk fh ckmkzk( h‖kî( fh fihi ofq{ofi k h‖iaa{~dwfimk okchf fmkz|fqdf( mimabæ fh m{ekzi of ~kzqimk abk aie~imcimi fh m{ahki ldefhfdzk aim

~dzfaihdzk zflkzfekmi dhhd ~zkqkmwd of jdejfmf- Hd qkaimod ~dzk okh t{kqfimdzfi â qdd fmakmzdd q{hhkeiodhfî of aimq{ei okh ~zioii ffai( zkcfqzdmoi t{fmof mkh okdchfi hd f~ihicfd of ~zioii edccfizekmkaimq{edd k hk q~kafk( hd lzkt{kmwd of aimq{ei k f h{icbf of dat{fqi- Mkhhd kzwd k {hfed qkwfimk â qddzfhk|dd hd ldefhfdzfî okh aimq{edizk aim f aimakf of t{dhfî k zdaafdjfhfî okh ~zioii ffai( hd ldafhfî ofdaakqqi dhhk fmlizedwfimf k hk adzdkzfqfabk okh ~zioii abk mkhhd ~kzakwfimk okf aimq{edizf ~izkjjkzifmakmf|dzk {m d{ekmi okf aimq{ef-

Chf fmtkz|fqtdtf7 ^kz f t{kqfimdzf zf|ihf df aimq{edizf( chf fmkz|fqdf( {f zkqfokmf mkh Aie{mk of ^dhkzei(qimi qdk edccfizekmk oimmk ";;+&0 ~zkqkmd|dmi {m zdmck of kî aie~zkqi ~zfmaf~dhekmk zd f :; k f 16

dmmf- Ihzk hd ekî okchf fmkz|fqdf â hd{zkdd k iaa{~dd( of a{f afzad fh ?>+ qdjfhekmk- Fh :1+ okchffmkz|fqdf qimi q{okmf( fh :(;+ adqdhfmcbk- Chf iaa{~df qimi t{dqf {f fe~fkcdf mkh ~{jjhfai fe~fkci( mkhkzwfdzfi i mkh aieekzafi- Fh m{ahki ldefhfdzk â aie~iqi mkhhd edccfiz ~dzk okf adqf od ckmfizf k : fflchf(qkc{ff fm ~kzakm{dhk odhhk ldefchfk aim {m {mfai fflchfi k odhhk ai~~fk qkmwd fflchf-

Mitd ektioihicfad



Eiodhftî of qieefmfqtzdwfimk7 fh t{kqfimdzfi ~kz f aimq{edizf â qdi qieefmfqzdi fm : eiodhfî~zfmaf~dhf7 i dzd|kzqi hd ofqzfj{wfimk ofzkd ~zkqqi k|kmf fflkzfqfaf okh qkizk abk qf qimi q|ihf mkh ~kzfioiof fmodcfmk i dzd|kzqi h‖fm|fi k hd zfakwfimk okf t{kqfimdzf zdefk ~iqd khkzimfad7 dhhd fflmk qimi qdfzdaaihf 2> t{kqfimdzf aie~fhdf aizzkdekmk-

H‖fmodcfmk q{chf dookttf df hd|izfFh t{kqfimdzfi7 fh t{kqfimdzfi fmofzfwwdi dchf dookf okh qkizk â qdi ~zkofq~iqi fm eioi od ~ikz kqqkzkdoddi d fmkzhia{izf of|kzqf( aiek kq~imkmf of kmf ~{jjhfaf( zd~~zkqkmdmf of qfmodadf k dqqiafdwfimf ofadkcizfd( zklkzkmf of fe~zkqk k aii~kzdf|k okh qkizk( aimiqafizf od of|kzqk dmcihdwfimf okhhk~zijhkedfabk k okhhk i~~iz{mfî okh aie~dzi- Hd ~zfed ~dzk okh t{kqfimdzfi efzd|d d zkcfqzdzk hkfmlizedwfimf of adzdkzk dmdczdfflai( zfabfkokmoi t{fmof hd f~ihicfd of izcdmfwwdwfimk k fh qkizk of df|fî ofd~~dzkmkmwd zd chf dejff okhhd ~kqad( dat{daih{zd( zdq~izi k ofqzfj{wfimk( aieekzafi qfd dhh‖fmcziqqiabk dh okdchfi( zfqizdwfimk( zfakzad qafkmffflad k dqqfqkmwd kamfad- Hd qkaimod ~dzk okh t{kqfimdzfi âqdd aie~iqd od oiedmok q~kaffflabk zkhdf|k dhhd t{dhfî k dhhd qfa{zkwwd dhfekmdzk aim ~dzfaihdzk

zflkzfekmi dhhd ~kzakwfimk okchf i~kzdizf ffaf( dhh‖dokc{dkwwd okchf qz{ekmf mizedf|f( dhhd ~iqqfjfhfî ofdaakqqi dhhk fmlizedwfimf k dhhd mkakqqfî of fe~hkekmdzk fmkz|kmf lizedf|f k ade~dcmk of aie{mfadwfimk-

Fh ~dmkh okf tkqtfeimf ~zf|fhkcfdtf7 qimi qdf fmkz|fqdf f zd~~zkqkmdmf okhhk qkc{kmf dwfkmok k)iizcdmfwwdwfimf7 I~kzdizf ^kqad Qfafhfd Iaafokmdhk0 Hkcd ^kqad0 Lkokzaii~kqad ‑ Aimlaii~kzdf|k0 DCAF^kqad0 Aimqizwfi Qfafhfdmi ^kqad0 Aimqizwfi [mf|kzqfdzfi okhhd ^zi|fmafd of _zd~dmf % Fqf{i of JfihicfdEdzfmd0 ^dzai Qafkmffflai k _kamihicfai okhhd Qfafhfd ‑ [mf|kzqfî of ^dhkzei0 Fqf{i ~kz h‖Dejfkmk EdzfmiAiqfkzi AMZ0 Dwfkmod Qdmfdzfd ^zi|fmafdhk ^dhkzei0 Fqf{i Wii~zifflhdfai okhhd Qfafhfd0 RKMFD ~zickf-

Eiodhftî of qieefmfqtzdwfimk7 Hd qieefmfqzdwfimk dchf dookf okh qkizk bd ~zk|fqi fm|kak h‖fm|fi~zk|kmf|i okh t{kqfimdzfi zdefk ~iqd khkzimfad( qkc{fi od {m aimdi khklimfai aim f |dzf zklkzkmf kfmkzhia{izf fmof|fo{df( abk bd ~kzekqqi of ikmkzk fm {hfei 4? t{kqfimdzf aie~fhdf-



Qiccktti ^zieitizk7 Hdmoq Imh{q

Zkq~imqdjfhk of ~zicktti7 Edzfd ^fd QihdAiizofmdtizk of ~zicktti7 Cfi|dmmf CfdmczkaiZkq~imqdjfhk okhhd zfakzad7 Dhkqqdmozd MdqtfIzcdmfwwdwfimk k|kmtf 7 Dhfak ^dma{aaf Dedzö$[lfflafi Qtde~d7 Edzfi ^fmtdczi[lfflafi aie{mfadwfimk7 Dztkd Qt{ofi QzhZkdhfwwdwfimk |foki7 Eim Dei{z Lfhe^zicktti koftizfdhk k czdfflai7 Dztkd Qt{ofi QzhKhdjizdwfimk tkqtf7 Dhkqqdmozd MdqtfLiti of zk~kztizfi okh ~zicktti k od Azkdtf|kAieeimq Dttzfj{tfim hfakmqk q{h skj

HDMOQ IMH[Q â {m‖izcdmfwwdwfimk dttf|d mkh ade~iokhhd lizedwfimk k aimq{hkmwd ~kz hk dzkk ~zitkttk- Âaie~iqtd od kaimiefqtf dejfkmtdhf( fmckcmkzf lizkqtdhf(dczimief( lizedtizf( jfihicf k ld{mfqtf( mdt{zdhfqtf( aimaimiqakmwk ko kq~kzfkmwk hd|izdtf|k mkhh‖dejfti okhhd~fdmfffladwfimk k ckqtfimk of ~dzabf mdt{zdhf k qftf Mdt{zd

:>>>( aimqkz|dwfimk okhhd jfiof|kzqftî( q|fh{~~i hiadhkqiqtkmfjfhk- Dtt{dhekmtk h‖dqqiafdwfimk ckqtfqak~zickttf mdwfimdhf k fmtkzmdwfimdhf k efzd d kqqkzk {mdzktk of zflkzfekmti ~kz t{ttf aihizi fmtkzkqqdtf dhhiqadejfi okhhk j{imk ~zdtfabk( dhhi q|fh{~~i of~dztmkzqbf~( dhhd ~zickttdwfimk fflmdhfwwdtd dhhdaimqkz|dwfimk okhhd mdt{zd( dttf|ftî of kait{zfqei k dhhdckqtfimk qiqtkmfjfhk okhhk zfqizqk mdt{zdhf- ̂ kz edccfizffmlizedwfimf qf ~{ú |fqftdzk fh qfti fmtkzmktsss-hdmoqmktsiz`-k{

Azkoftq

Pescato siciliano. La qualità, tra territorialità e tradizione

Documents

Transcript of Pescato siciliano. La qualità, tra territorialità e tradizione