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Organi sensoriali delle ali deiTricotteri cavernicoliGiampaolo Moretti a & Carla Dottorini aa Istituto di Zoologia , Facolta di Scienzedell'Unviversita di PreugiaPublished online: 14 Sep 2009.

To cite this article: Giampaolo Moretti & Carla Dottorini (1965) Organi sensorialidelle ali dei Tricotteri cavernicoli, Bolletino di zoologia, 32:2, 959-966, DOI:10.1080/11250006509441040

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GI A A1 1'110 LO 11 0 It l x " 1 e CAR LA I) OTTOIt I N I Is i i tuio di Zoologia - l'acultb cli Scicrrze dell'Uiiiversiti d i I'erusin

Direttnre : Prof. Gininpnolo I l l o i i ~ . ~ . . ~ . ~

Organi sensoriali dclle ali (lei Tricolteri cavernicoli.

(Con 1 Tnv. f. iwto)

NcI corso clcllc ricerclic iriorfologiclic sullc tcrriiiriazioni Iicrvnso, srigli nrgaiii scn5ori;ili c sullc striilturc t l i iiiccrto tillicio tlclle i i i i -

tciinc c tlcllc ali (lei Tricottcri Sfcrioi)h~fcrciricrc! (Tav. I, foto I), SOIIO

stati prcsi iii coiisitlcrazioiic i scgucnti tcrritori (Fig. 1): u ) I1 pctlicclln tlclle aiitcriiic ( Orgniio t l i Joliiistoii, Orgaiio t l i

IIiclis, Orgiino cnrtlnlorialc). b ) I,;i fc?gllltl ( ali IlleSOtlJrilcic~lC). c ) La rcgioric acrcllarc tlcllc ; i l i iiicso c iiictalnraciclic ( i i ici i l -

(1) I1 1)IcrosIigiiiii t l i aiiilictlue Ic coppic alari. e ) 1,'orgarin facrcttatn t l i Aliirtyrinv (1). 1) 1.a ncrvnliirn costnle clcll'nln iiiitcriorc. 6) I1 iiinrgiiic cstcrrio tlclln rcginiic niialc tlcll'nln postcriorc.

a) PoicIiC ciii clic si i. I )oti i to iiicllcrc iii cvi(lciim, circa gli orgaiii cortlotorinli tlcl ~ictlicclln antcnni!Ie in ortliiic coiiiparativo tra Ic tli- verse s1)ceic trnglnlilc, Iln g i i foriliato oggcttn. t l i m a comiiiiicazionc (\ 'I Coiigr. N n z . Eiitoiii. Pntlovn 11-14 scttcinlirc 1965), ci liiiiitiaiiio n

qiii rilcrirc sullc osscrvasioiii lattc n prtilio~ito tlclle foriiiazioiii rcpcri- Iiili iiclle ali.

II iiintcriillc t l i stutlio provciiiva tla rnrcollc cscgiiitc in ciivcriiii.

I sogSetti , fissali v i v i 5111 postn iii Dulioscq-ljrasil, vciiivaiio coloriili co 11 AIal lor y- ferrica , AIiism 11-1 ricro i i i ica , Mallor y - tricroiiiica c I~iclsclin\,.sl;y-arjiciitica.

I iiiigliori risiil~iiti si n~tcncvano coil 1111 IriiIIninciito di KaOH ( 1O-1S0,'o) scgiiito cIa iiii;i Iciiln coIorazioiic irr toto ;illr;ivcrso IC iiiciii-

Iiraiic aliiri c (la c\.ciltliiilc ililfrrci1ziazioiic rcgrcssiva pcr Ic colora- zioni clic la ricliicilcvaiio.

Iirann alarc c iicrv;itiirc).

E iii ii I I ii Iiic-lucsi iia ,

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1)) Tcgirla.

I'rcsciita aspctto hI)iloriiic, ii calotta siililcrica con convessiti tlorsalc sclcrificatn, 1)igiiieiit;it;i c irta c l i iiiiiiicrosc micro c iiiacroclictc.

I1 ncrvo tcgiiliirc, s i i l~ i~~nclcr~i ia lc , si tlirama prcapicaliiiciitc colle- pn t los i con Ic ccIlulc sciisoriali wliipoclcriiiali. Da cliicstc partono t l i - vcrsc nciiroIiIiriIIc clic si tlispcrclono tra Ic cclliilc tlcll'ipclcrnia in iiiia sorta tli rctc iicrirniliotlcrinalc. Ii i corrispontlcnza clci sciisilli triroitlci, iiivccc, Ic cclliilc xiisoriali prcsciitann clue aspetti roiitla- iimitiili : piccolc, frccliiciiti c (:oil niiclci intcnsaiiientc croiiiofili, alla Iiasc clcllc iiiicroclictc, piii grancli c clistanziiitc c a graniili c l i croiiia- tiiia disiiersi, iii raliliorto allc iiiacroclictc. Noii sono stati visti orgaiii cortlotoiiiili tiliiri in rapporto alla rcgioiic tcgularc.

Fig. 1 -- rllicroplerrin / i s m XIc. 1.. d . '\la alilrriurc c tmsicriorc c l i clcs~ra:

b) t r y l a : r ) rrgioiir ii5crll;irr; t f ) icrriiorio l~ tcru>i ip ia i i co ; c ) organo lnrrcilnln i l i Xlarlynov ; 1) nrrialnra w s i a l c ; g) niarginc rsicrnn ilclla rrginnr ;~nnir.

c ) I<cgioric nsccllrrre t lel lc cili tlcl lo c 23 p i o .

I dire territori costitiiiti tlallc ncrvaturc L' clalla rrtcrribrana mo- straiio i i i i i l rilcvaiitc cliffcrciiza tlcllc struttiire iiciirosciisoriali; Iuiigo i l tragitto tlcllc ncrvatiirc la frccliicnza (lei sciisilli triroirlci c gIi iilli- iioaiiiciiti tlci rcccttori risiiltario pariicolariiieiitc stipati, iiiciitrc iicl cmipo coiiq>rcso trn i i i i i i ncrvaturn c l'iiltra i seiisilli sono rlislaiiziati c irrcgolariiiciilc clistrihiti.

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Trii i sciisilli tricoitlci tlcllc iiervatlirc si rilcvniio zone ii cleiiirnti cupnliforriii c griippi t I i scoIo1)itIi prossirn;iIi c distali sin iill'inizin tlcl w r v o siilicostalc, sia aIIa Iiiforcazionc tlcl ncrvo ratlinlc c CII-

Iiitalc. ivci ciiiii1)i Iiasali coniprcsi Ira Ic iicrvature (C , Sc, R , A I , CU, r I 1 )

tlclln zoiiii n:ccllarc, Ic nnastomosi tlcllc rcllule ipotlcriiiiili sono t l i l i i c

1i lien ricoiiosci1)ili (Tav. I, foto G-7) iiiciitrc Ic tricoitlcc soiin agcvol- iiicntc cvitlcnzial)ili.

I nuclei clcllc cclliilc tricogcnc e tormogclic iiiostraiio griiriiili tli croinatiiia tlispcrc'a, tluclli tlcllc ccllule seiisoriali posscgsono croiiia- liiia a granuli piii f i t t i c licr lo piii sono ccccritrici rispetto al ttiriilo

tli iiiscrzioiic. Luiigo Ic iicrvatiire ratliali c iiictliali i n aiiilictluc Ic coppic di ali, i sciisilli riiacratricoictci si clislanziario scinlirc piii riiiiri

i iiaiio clic ci si nllliiiliiiiii tlnl ectlorc ascclliirc. Si Iiossoriti tlistiiigucrc tluc tipi t l i sciisilli tricnitlci iiiiclic qiii : iI priiiio t i p i ii iiiacroclictc cisllc inwritc sii I I I I grosso toriilo, con Ibrcvc Icriiiiriiizioric ricr\osii ; il ~croiitlo tip0 a inacroclicte con riciiro1il)rilIc piii luiiglic c tlistan- ziato tlallii hmnca principiilc tlcl ncrvo. I n ogni caso criiociti sorio xi i iprc prcscnli luiigo il Irngitlo tlcllc ncrvaturc.

Rci trc ciiiiilii tlcl rcrriigiiirri, tlcl rui~riiis c clcllo j r i f i i i r r i risiiltiirio ililt:orii ricoriowil)ili ccllulc nciiro~iisori; i l i I i i c niiiltipolari, piii o tiiciin tlispcrw.

( I ) 'l'erritorio ptcrostigrrintico.

1 1 1 iiiiilictliic Ic coppic t l i n l i , qiic'to scttorc ct>iiscrvii la fnse 1111-

pale cli sviIii1ipn. Nci 'I'rirottcri cavcrnicoli, tale rcpioiic I;icc-ia tlisccr- iicrc ngcvnInicntc iilinsloiiiosi tr;i Ic tluc iiiciiiI)raiic Iinsali c gli clc- iiicrili figilriiti ilcIl't!iiioIinf:i con rnric partccipazionc tlci IiIiisiiiiIo- cili 1)iIinlari c coil frctliicntc tlis~ciiiiiiazioiic tlcgli ciiocitoitli.

II iicrvo rostiilc c tliicllo siil)cnslnlc sono l ien v iAi I i liiiiyo Ic tier- vnliirc. 1.c eelliilc i1intlcriiiali risiiltaiio ravviciiiatc e iiiilrc;ilairicntc croiiiofilc.

II turgorc tlci Ic-isiili iiilcriii clcl t. ptcrostigiiiatico vil clirniiiiiciitlo roil I'invcccliiaiiiciito tlcl soggctto alato, i l clic po1reli1)c forsc costiliiirc IIII rcpcrto vnlitlo pcr risalirc a l la cluratn tlcl soggicirno i~cll'ariiliiciitc iliugco.

L'atltlciisaiiicnto ptcrostifliiiatico t l i sciisilli tricoitlci coiiilictc ai trillti occupati clallc iicrvntiirc (Tav. I, lot. ,I).

1.t: rii iiiilicaziorii ncrwcc clic collcgniio il scii-.illo col ricrvo iri- t r i r iwo (C , Sc, 11) sorio corlc c g r o w . Nciirolilirillc rack c tlistaii-

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ziiile c traclicolc sono riconosciI)iIi i n t i i t to il Iessiitn sponginso-tral)c- colato tlcl 1. p~crostigiiiniico ( T a v . I , lot. 3).

Lii trnriin istologiea (lei prcdetti lcrritori 5 anclic contratlclistinta t l i i l cliwrtliiiato atltlcnsariicnto tli cclliilc alliiiifiitc, ravvicinatc c con t:itoplasiiia croriiofilo in ciii si rirvvisa iina striitlririi tcniicriicnlc fihrosa.

La hasc larga tli qiic3tc cclliilc corrispoiitlc iii iiiiclci ipotlcrrnali. l’cstrcinit~ rastreiiiatn. illla cavili coiiiprrsa Irii It! tliic i i ic i i i l lrni ic I)a- snli siipcriore e infcriorc.

II t:oiiiplcsso tli qiicsti clciiicriti ri-ciilta circoscritlo ii tcrritori t l i - sposli in seiisa trasvcrsalc rispetto allc iicrvatiirc. I liiiiili tlcl 1 . ptcro- stigiiiatico, vcrsn il caiiipn tlclla riicriil)rniin nl i i rc tra le ricrviiliirc, m i 0

iil)l)a$tiiiiza iictti ncllc qiiattro ali c gciicraliiiciitc coiitriisscgriiiti tlai mielti tlcllc relliile ipotlcriiinli, ma iicIlc i i l i 1)ostcriori talc tcrritario occiil)a tliic xonc tlistiiitc : iiiin aiitcriorc, I’nltrn posteriorc i i l l i i ~ 1 1 1 ) -

costa.

Ncll’aln antcriorc il 1. ~~~crtisti;iiintico i: tli foriiia oldiiiign c t l i rioriiia iiiisiira 1/3 tlclla liingliczzn e 1/7 tlclln larglicna clcll’nlii ( Tav- I, fot. 8). Ncll’ala posteriorc riiisirrii rispcttivariiciitc I / R c 1/10 tlclla liillgliczza c tlclla Iargliezza tIcII’aIii.

c) .Orgnrio locreltnlo ( T a v . I , rot. 8) .

Si trattn tlcll‘orgnno Imiitiforliic tlcscritto (la A I A R T Y N O V c sil i ialo : iicll’ala arilcriorc i n diic p i i i i t i tliffcrcnti m a coslanti c, ncll’alii postc- riorc, i n iin sol piiiito I)cn tlcfiiiiio. NcII’aIa antcriorc qiicsti (Iiic piinti soiio rispcltivaiiicntc I n p r t c pr!issiriiaIc tIcIIa 1)iforcnzioiic 11. 2 tlcl setlore tlcl radio, siiliito tlopn la cclliila tliscwitliilc ; I’altro, invcrc, $;ice iiclla partc tlistalc tlclla ccll i i la liritlio.

Ncllhla po>tcriorc csistc IIII solo pi into fiicccttiiIo clie i: sciiiprc eitiiato all’iiiizio tlclla forcclla 11. 2.

L‘Orgiiiio t l i Aliirtpiiov siitcrioir tlcllc ali iiicsotornciclic i: -.ciiiprc piii grantlc t l i qiiello poslcriorc rlcllo stcsso p i o t l i i i l i , ctl i: aiiclic costiiiitciiic1iIc I’iii gritiitlc t l i tliicllo tlellc iili iiictntoraciclic.

I1 tlinriietro tli qiicsto orgaiin vnrin tln 70 a 180 11 iicllc spccic ciivcriiicolc ctl t5 costitiiito tln IIII iiiiiiicro tli facccttc coriiprcsn trii

50 c 180. Circa Ii i IiiiIlirii gliiiiiitltlliirc tli qiic;*~o orgiiiio nori si I i i i i i i i o t l i i l ~ l i i

clatn Iii cliiiira slriittiirit tli tiilioli scccriiciili. Tcriiiiiinziniii iicrvox t l i tltiiilclic iiiiliortiiiiza rion si wiio poti i tc

wctlcrc in cvitlcnzg in sciio all’orgniio fiicccllato. L:I rctc iicrvoc‘a ipo-

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tlcriiialc tlella iiicinlirniiii sciiilirn arrcstnrci nIlc faltlc t l i cIiicsto nr- giiiin. iliiclie Ic clictc i i o i i iiitcrcsiiiio la iiiciiilirai1;i iilnrc iicl piinto occirpatn rlall'orgaiio.

f ) A'crr(i1irrn coslcrlc r I ~ ~ l ' ~ r l r r trrilcriore.

Noii presciita striittiirc seiisoriiili clic ~iiistificliiiio pnrticolari tlc- scrizioiii ~iiorlohgiclic. IAa tlispnsiziniic tlci sciisilli, tlcl iicrvo costale, tlcllc traclicc c l a prcsciiza tli eiiiociti, ripctoiio i risiiltati prccctlciitc- iiicnte descritti.

Solo iici iiiasclii t l i S / e r ~ o ~ ~ l r y l r i s I I I I I C ~ ~ I I U I I ~ S Ale. I.. c ( l i SL. ems- sol1cs M e . L. L; sciiiprc prcsciitc i i i ia lrangia tli Iicli sctoliforiiii luiiglii c ril'icgati apicaliricritc verso l'etitcriin (Tav. I, fot. 5).

6) illrrrgiric eslerrio rlcllu rcgiorie urirrlc tlcll'cilrr poslcriory.

Si lircsciita, iiel 5110 aspclto tricoitlco, coi~ic i l i i i i iicrvaliira coil

l a tlifferciiza t l i iiii I J C l l riivvisiiliilc tliiatlrirldicc alliiicaiiiciito t l i L ~ I I -

silli lricnitlci c tli sciiiplici clictc (Tav. 1, lot. 9).

Dii cliicsta incliicsln scriiIircrcItI)c ciiiergcrc c:Iic, ncllc i i l i t l i 'I'ri- rottcri cavcriiicoli, iiiiiiicliino orgniii sciisoriali ai tliiali atlrilmirc coil cvitlcnza I I I I runlo iiitoriiiatorc siri caratlcri amliieiitnli tlcl iiinritln ipogeo verso il tliialc qiicsti ineclti, a s a i frctliiciileiiieiitc, si oricn- tano. Iri nltri lcriiiiiii l'ala tlellc spccic cavcriiicnlc i ioi i E risiiltiila coiifnrmatii iii iiiodo tlifferciiic t l i i q i ic l la tlelle spcric cpigcc.

I,ii Iirowciizionc tli tliic.slc intlagiiii pn t r i illiiiiiiiiarci con mag-

gior cliiiircnii i r i rnerito, iiiii si tlcvc tcner prcscntc clic Ic leritlcrizc troglolile t l i tliicsti Stcnolilacirii iioii coiiiportaiio, iicccssariamentc, I'esistciiza tli pcciiliari reeeltori iiicarirali t l i captarc a tlisliinza iii- toriiiazioiii siill'aiiilJiciitc c l i scclta elettivii.

La tciitlciiza a I)ciictrarc iicllc cavith ipogcc tli iiii ccrto iiiiiiiero

t l i iiitlivitliii, rapprcsciila IIII fatto ecologico iioii viiicolaiilc agli efletti tlcllii tlisceiitlcnm tlellii sliccic c piih avcrc siil)strato iicl sistciiia iicr- voso centrale c p l e scriiplicc fcnornerio ktinlivo.

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C l i ,\A. l ionnn p r c w in r s a n i r var i tcrr i tnr i tlclle ali ( t cp i la , rcpionc asrcl- l a r r . ptcrnctignin, Orgonn ln r r r t t n tn tli Alartynnv, ncrvnt i i ra coc~a lo tlrll'aln ante-

r iorr . i nn r f in r r s l c r n n tlclln r q i o i i r nnnlr ilrll'nln p o t r r i n r c ) t lr i T r i cn l t c r i Sfrno- phyloriitrir p r r r i rcrcarvi cv rn tun l i zni i r scncnriali ;~ l lc qiiali 1intrr n t t r i lmi r r l k f - f i r in t l i in lnr innzionr tlrll 'niiiliiriitr i l ingro t l i scc11:i r l r t t i va . Xiin sono c1;itr intl i- vitliiatc, fino ail ura, foiniazioni i i c i i r~scncor i a l i clic Iicrincttono cli a t t r i l iuirc alla l o ro 1 i r twnza l a truplufil ia tlci T r i r t i t t c r i r l ic , Iiertanto, risiilta csscrc 1111 sc inp l i r c frnoti icno ist intivo tion rontlizionatt i tla i iart icolari orgoni r rccl tor i .

,. 1 Iic aut l ior j Iiavc I ~ g i i t ~ tlic nior~i l iological a n d l i istologiral stuily of s t i n i r

par t s n t tlir wings of tlir Sfc~nnphylririnr~rl? t o fin11 nut i f par t ic i i lnr wns i t i vc nr- s a n s rtiiiltl Iir c.niisitlcrril :is l i k c t r lcrrr l i torrnf s t imu l i rn1ialilc tn giiitlc tlicsc insrc ln in llic ~ ~ n i l c r g r n i ~ n t l rnv i ronn i rn t .

Tlir parts $ 1 1 far slutl ir t l a r c as fi~llows: Tlir f rg t i ln , 1111: aai l lory rrgioii, tlic plc*rosfigmu nntl Alnrtynuv's f i irr t ic organs. T l i c ;~r.rcii~c.tl I t i~Iul t igical trrlinit1iic is tlic folluwii~:!: f ixat ion in I)i~Iiusrq-

Ilrasil , inr l i i~i i i i i i n ~ ~ I l u i i l i ~ ~ - ~ ~ n r a f f i ~ ~ , r o l o u r i n ~ wi th I l c ~ i i u ~ o x y l i t i - C n r a z z i , Fcr r i r - I l n r ~ n ~ ~ ~ t ~ s y l i n , Trir l i r t ini i r , S i lve r - iniprcpnaIion.

I h i n g r ichly w p p l i r t l \villi i i r rvc ciitlin;~, tlir wings of r awrn ico l t iu s T r i c h o p -

r r rn I i n v r sl iown snmr l iar t r r i r l l r r t l i a n o t h r r s i n scnsilln.

Tlic frgrrln ir thr w n t nf tw'o sl icrirs ol sensi/ lo-rrichotlrr~ rha rn r t r r i z r t l Iiy

w n s i t i v r rnnrro an11 m i r r o c h v f w ; i t is rrossctl liy n ncrvc \vliirlt I i r a n r l ~ r n oil!

npicolly ; t i i d it is r i in Iiy a l i y~ iu t l c rn i i r nc rvc nct. T l i r nxil lnry region of tlic first ant1 sccnntl p a i r nf wings sliowr SIIIIIC S C I I -

si / /n.tr ir / iotlrt i partir i iInrIy f r e q u r n t ninng tIir nr rvn t ion ant1 sonic scwsi//n rnnl- p i i i i / o r m i n ant1 srolo~ial organs. Tlit: 1 1 ) pntlcrni i r i i r rvc n c t tltics riot cxist . Tlic plrrostigniti iircri niaintnini t l ic typical r110ngy as l i r r t of I I I C p t i ~ i n agt. wliit~li gratIiia11y tl isapiicnrs wlicn tlic s i i l i j c r t is growing ultl.

Ucsit1r.i tlir aliow i i i rnt innrt l formations, o n c inay tlistingtiisli wnlc srnsi//tr-

~ r i r h r i t l ~ w \villi n sl inr t ~ i r i ~ r o l i b r i l l a r roni icct ion in the nerv r wltir l i runs along 1110 rnrrcs1inntlillg nervatiuns. I n 11ic an tc r in r 31111 pns t r r iu r repion of tllr wings a n l ~ r t i ~ r u g r ~ ~ r ~ ~ i ~ ~ tissue is ro i i i i~nscd liy I i a c n i n l y n ~ l i l ~ rlcil lrnls, t ror / i ro /ne ant1 iinrtit,iilnr conira Iiyliotlcrinic cclk.

hlarlynov's farcl ic o rgan is n glontli i lar s l r i i r t u rc wit11 50-100 f a r r l s a1111 su

f a r it h a s not r rvcalr i l an)- i i c r i c forrnnlioris l iar t i r i i lar ly tIe\rIuprtI. Tlic i n q u i r y a110iit t l i r i ir i t io+cnsit ivc o rgans nf tlir wings of T r i r h o p f e r o rnn -

tiniics. U'c can t l i ink not i n t l i q l r r m l ~ l c ilir iiiinicroils lorniaiiolls capo111c i t 1

i n fo rm (11 a t l ic tanrr I I I P ea\c inccr i on ilic prrsct l rc of I1yptigca1 cn\ i ronnici i t j i n to \r l i ir l i t l i q i i rnt- t ra t r .

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- 965 - -

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- 966 --

S PI EG A ZI 0 N E D EL 1A T,\ \' 0 LA

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Fi;. 3 - L. Tras inir i io . I 'ozzn t l i Irariiiiazioiir i n ~ p i i i i i l a riiil-tirirn~alr ( ESI. 1965).

Fig. .1 - 1.. Trasiiiirno. Sprrcliio il';ic.qiia t l i Iraciriiiizicirir i n sliuii(la nnrtl-or- c.iilrn~alr. (Eslalr 1965).

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BOLLETTINO DI ZOOLOCIA - 1’01. XXXIII, f a x . 11 (1965)

MORE111 G. DOTTORlNl C. - Orgeni rcnror ia l i dclle e l i d c i Tr icol lcr i cevcrnicol i .

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