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REMAJA

Eri Achmad

P S I K I A T E R

eriachmad@yahoo.co.id

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Topik Bahasan

1. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Gg Jiwa pd

Remaja

2. Deteksi dini masalah kejiwaan pada remaja

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Background

Adolescence is a time of continual and far-reachingchange affecting all aspects of lifesocial, cognitive,emotional and physical

Times of change, heralding increased independence,responsibility and expectation, may be precursors toadventure, learning and growth

They also have the potential to bring stress andvulnerability at a time when the role of parents andteachers in the adolescents life is changing.

This is a developmental paradox that requires sensitivepositioning by those with a duty of care

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Adolescence marks a shift away from childhoodand a transition into the adult world, and thismay present some challenges or difficulties forsome students

Some mental health difficulties experienced byadolescents are on-going, while others may becontextual or related to specific times oroccasions.

These difficulties may have emerged in childhoodor they may develop and become apparent inadolescence

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Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhiGg Jiwa pd Remaja

BIO-PSIKO-SOSIAL

+

SPIRITUAL

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INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

GENDER-AGE-ETHICITY-SES

RISK FACTORS

Psychosocial

Models and opportunity

Risky peer affiliations

Vulnerability

Personal: life stress, money problem,

personal-physical victimization

Social

Parents figure

Behavioural

Dropping out of school

SMOKING

ALCOHOL USE

DRUG MISUSE

MENTAL HEALTH

PROTECTIVE FACTORS

Psychosocial: Model protective peer

affiliationas

Controls: personal; mastery, school

engagement, body satisfaction

Social: parental supervisions

Support: family, friends, intimate

Behavioural: healthy life style

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Protective factors and resilience

Protective factors help build resilience

1. They may prevent the initial occurrence of a risk

factor

2. They may interrupt the processes through which

risk factors operate

3. They may serve to act as a buffer for risk factors,

providing a cushion against negative effects4. Promote self-esteem and self-efficacy.

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Resilience

Resilience is the capacity to deal constructively

with change or challenges, allowing a person to

maintain or re-establish their social and emotionalwellbeing in the face of difficult events

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Deteksi dini masalah kejiwaan

pada remaja

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Prevalensi dan Pola Gg. Psikiatrik di

perawatan primer

Setiap anak dan remaja dalam satu tahun

akan mengunjungi perawatan primer

2-5% disertai dengan permasalahan perilaku

dan emosional

Tingkat gangguan psikiatrik pada anak remaja

cenderung tinggi

1 pada 4 anak usia 1-12 th

4 pada 10 remaja usia 13-16 th

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Jenis gangguan psikiatrik yang sering dijumpai

Pra sekolah

Oppositional defiant disorder (DSM)

Gg. Sikap menentang (membangkang) (PPDGJ)

Anak sekolah dan remaja

Gg emosional

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Gg psikiatrik pada anak dan remaja

meningkatkan risiko kesehatan umumnya,

meningkatkan gejala fisik, yang pada akhirnya

meninggkatkan penggunaan fasilitas

kesehatan

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Kuliah selanjutnya

Mekanisme pertahanan jiwa

Simptomatologi Psikiatrik

Pemeriksaan Psikiatrik Gangguan tingkah laku pada remaja