LIMNOLOGI 1a

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8/9/2019 LIMNOLOGI 1a http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/limnologi-1a 1/15 IEAMGIGKE IEAMGIGKE Cgpdlr Peg Emhjpujmxg) T-Re Cgpdlr Peg Emhjpujmxg) T-Re O|p|tjm Rlpenjmjm ' Cjn|ixjt Rlpxjmejm O|p|tjm Rlpenjmjm ' Cjn|ixjt Rlpxjmejm \meslptexjt T|ixjm Jklmk Xepxjujtj \meslptexjt T|ixjm Jklmk Xepxjujtj

Transcript of LIMNOLOGI 1a

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IEAMGIGKEIEAMGIGKE

Cgpdlr Peg Emhjpujmxg) T-ReCgpdlr Peg Emhjpujmxg) T-Re

O|p|tjm Rlpenjmjm ' Cjn|ixjt RlpxjmejmO|p|tjm Rlpenjmjm ' Cjn|ixjt Rlpxjmejm

\meslptexjt T|ixjm Jklmk Xepxjujtj\meslptexjt T|ixjm Jklmk Xepxjujtj

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@JX\JM

LNGTETXLA

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Ngargmlm `egxen ejijf tla|j `egxj jn|jxen `jen ajnpgaj|r|m aenpg) ujex| `jnxlpe) rijmnxgm) `lmxgt) mlnxgm)

ml|txgm) rlpecexgm tlpxj x|a`|fjm jep ijemmuj

Ngargmlm j`egxen xlphepe hjpe? fj`exjx `jhjm jep 

xlpajt|n tlhealm> ngargtete cetenj hjm neaej jep> hjm  rpgtlt xpjmtclp emxlpjnte hlmkjm iemkn|mkjm

tlnlieiemkmuj ujex| ngmhete klgigke) fehpgigke) eniea) hjm

 rlp|`jfjm jmxpgrgklm ujmk ajt|n nl hjija `jhjm

jep 

Rpgtlt xpjmtclp emxlpjnte almdjn|r hj|p lmlpke)

ajxlpe) fehpgigke) hjm hj|p m|xpelm-

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Rlmklpxejm IeamgigkeRlmklpxejm Ieamgigke

Ieamgigku 

U|mjme 

Iuaml Igkgt

&Klmjmkjm Jep% &Rlmklxjf|jm%

eia| ujmk almk|mknjrnjm f|`|mkjm jmxjp ngargmlmlngtetxla rlpjepjm |a|a ujmk almdjn|r ngargmlm j`egxen 

&tlhealm) jep%) `egxen &rijmnxgm) `lmxen) enjm) `jnxlpe% tlpxj

rpgtlt emxlpjntemuj

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Ngmslmte Pjatjp &Nl`eojnjm Rlalpemxjf xlmxjmk Hjmj|%almujxjnjm `jf{j rlpjepjm xj{jp jhjijf hjlpjf rlpjepjm

jijae jxj| `|jxjm ujmk xlpx|x|r jep ujmk xlpklmjmk jxj|almkjiep jep xj{jp) rjuj| jxj| jtem tldjpj xlxjr jxj|

tlalmxjpj xlpajt|n {eijujf rlpjepjm ij|x ujmk nlhjijamujxehjn il`ef hjpe lmja alxlp rjhj tjjx jep t|p|x

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 J- Tlarjhjm'@jmxjpjm? ijfjm xlre `jhjm rlpjepjm ujmk hex|a`|fe gilfslklxjte jijae trltecen &perjpejm% hjm terlmkjp|fe gilf `jx|jm hjtjp tl`jkje `jkejm hjpe txp|nx|p rlpjepjm-

@- Xl`emk'olpemk? `lmxjmkjm jija ujmk almkf|`|mknjm jmxjpj hjtjp hlmkjm xjmkk|i- Xl emk |a|amuj ala`lmx|n ilplmk jxj| t|h|x ilplmk ujmk tjmkjx xlpkjmx|mk hjpe `lmx|n alhjmmuj-

D- @jhjm rlpjepjm? `jkejm ujmk xlpete gilf jep 

H- Hjtjp rlpjepjm? alp|rjnjm ajxlpeji!ajxlpeji ujmk xlplmhjrnjm-Kpjhelm hjtjp jhjijf rlp`lhjjm lilsjte &xemkke% rjhj ojpjn xlpxlmx|

L- Xemkke jep mgpaji? nljhjjm pjxjjm xemkke jep tjjx a|tea f|ojm mgpaji 

C- Xemkke jep tla|? `jxjt xemkke jep tjjx hl`ex almdjrje r|mdjn 

K- Slklxjte perjpejm? xlx|a`|fjm trltecen ujmk nga|mexjtmuj xlpxlmx|ajar| almklmhjienjm jep rjhj tjjx a|tea rlmkf|ojm hjm nlajpj|

Txp|nx|p RlpjepjmTxp|nx|p Rlpjepjm

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J1 @jmxjpjm'Tlarjhjm L 1 Xemkke jep mgpaji

@ 1 Xl`emk C 1 Xemkke jep Tla|

D1 @jhjm rlpjepjm K 1Slklxjte peperjm

H1 Hjtjp rlpjepjm

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Jrj`eij hexemoj| hjpe txp|nx|p hjija dln|mkjm) hjmj|

xlp`jke almojhe zgmj iexgpji hjm zgmj rlijken 

@lphjtjpnjm xemknjxjm djfjuj ajxjfjpe) zgmj

 rlijken xlp`jke almojhe zgmj cgxen hjm l|cgxen 

Jrj`eij hexemoj| hjpe txp|nx|p rlp`lhjjm t|f|) hjmj|xlp`jke almojhe xekj zgmj slpxenji ujex| lreieamegm)

xflpagdieml'alxjieamegm) hjm fergieamegm

Ngargmlm Ceten RlpjepjmNgargmlm Ceten Rlpjepjm

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[ lidf &:5<0% almkjxjnjm `jf{j hjmj| jhjijf

t|jx| `jhjm jep ujmk alaeiene xlrejm k|mh|i &xehjn 

`lpslklxjte% ujmk hetjr| gilf kliga`jmk  Cgpli &:560% almkjxjnjm `jf{j ngija jhjijf

hjmj| ujmk hjmknji 

Kgihajm hjm Fgpml &:564% almkjxjnjm `jf{j

  rjhj hjmj| xlpojhe rlpdjar|pjm jep ujmk he hgaemjte gilf jmkem) tlhjmknjm rjhj ngija

 rlpdjar|pjm ngmslnte il`ef almhgaemjte 

Ngargmlm Ceten Hjmj|Ngargmlm Ceten Hjmj|

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Hjlpjf Jiepjm T|mkje &HJT%Hjlpjf Jiepjm T|mkje &HJT%

HJT rjhj fjnlnjxmuj alp|rjnjmfjarjpjm ijmhtlnjr ujmk he`jxjte gilf r|mkk|mkjm `lmx|n alhjm

&xgrgkpjce%) tlfemkkj tlxejr xexen jep ujmk ojx|f jnjm almkjiep aliji|e tjx|g|xilx &tjx| jiepjm%

@lphjtjpnjm ji|pmuj) t|mkje he`lhjnjm?

 º HJT) ujex| jiepjm t|mkje |xjaj

 º T|`!HJT) ujex| dj`jmk jiepjm t|mkje ujmk ala`lmx|n `jkejm {eijujf HJT 

 º T|`!t|` HJT) ujex| pjmxemk t|mkje ujmk ala`lmx|n `jkejm hjpe T|`!HJT 

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Hjlpjf Ltx|jpeHjlpjf Ltx|jpe

Ltx|jpej jhjijf rlpjepjm a|jpj t|mkje tlae xlpx|x|r ujmk 

`lpf|`|mkjm `l`jt hlmkjm ij|x) tlfemkkj jep ij|x hlmkjm

tjiemexjt xemkke hjrjx `lpdjar|p hlmkjm jep xj{jp-

@lmx|n xli|n he rjmxje ujmk tl`jkejm xlpx|x|r) heajmj jep xj{jp hjm jep ij|x `lpxla| hjm `lpdjar|p- &Mu`jnnlm) :566%

T|jx| `jhjm jep rjmxje tlxlmkjf xlpx|x|r ujmk `lpf|`|mkjm

ijmkt|mk hlmkjm ij|x xlp`|nj) heajmj jep ij|x `lpdjar|p 

hlmkjm jep xj{jp hjpe `|jmkjm jep hjpjxjm- &Gh|a) :554%

Rlpjepjm tlae xlpx|x|r ujmk `lpf|`|mkjm `l`jt hlmkjm ij|x 

tlfemkkj jep ij|x hlmkjm tjiemexjt xemkke hjrjx `lpdjar|p 

hlmkjm jep xj{jp- &Rpexdfjph) :5;3%

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F|`|mkjm Ngargmlm Ceten RlpjepjmF|`|mkjm Ngargmlm Ceten Rlpjepjm

hlmkjm Jnxecexjt Enjmhlmkjm Jnxecexjt Enjm

Temjp ajxjfjpe ) xlmx| almul`j`njm t|f| jep hjmj| jxj|

pj{j almojhe il`ef fjmkjx- Rjhj {jnx| rjke fjpe temjp 

ajxjfjpe a|ije almkfjmkjxnjm jep hjmj|) almderxjnjmngmhete jep il`ef fjmkjx tlfemkkj almjpen enjm |mx|n 

alijn|njm jnxecexjt cllhemk &almdjpe ajnjm%- Hjtjp hjmj|

jxj| pj{j ujmk `lp{jpmj klijr hjm `lpi|ar|p il`ef dlrjx 

almkfjmkjxnjm jep he`jmhemk hjtjp hjmj| ujmk `lp{jpmjdlpjf) tlajnem fjmkjx jxj| rjmjt almolijmk tejmk ) ajnj

enjm jnjm x|p|m nl rgtete jep ujmk il`ef hemkem-

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F|`|mkjm Ngargmlm Ceten RlpjepjmF|`|mkjm Ngargmlm Ceten Rlpjepjm

hlmkjm Jnxecexjt Enjmhlmkjm Jnxecexjt Enjm

Jmkem) ala`j{j rjpxenli!rjpxenli fjpj jxj| rijmnxgm nl

t|jx| hjlpjf heajmj jmkem `lpxe|r- @ejtjmuj enjm!enjm

nldei `lpklpjn almken|xe jmkem njplmj almklojp rijmnxgmhjm zjx fjpj &m|xpete% ujmk xlp`j{j jmkem) hlaenejm r|ij

enjm `ltjp almken|xe o|kj rlpklpjnjm enjm!enjm nldei- Tjjx 

jmkem nl jpjf hjpjx) enjm alm|mkk| m|xpete he |o|mk 

xjmo|mk &hjpjxjm ujmk almogpgn nl hjmj|%

Jp|t) klpjnjmmuj herlmkjp|fe gilf jmkem

@jx|jm) nju|) jxj| hlhj|mjm) jhjijf alhej |mx|n 

almlarlinjm xli|p rjhj `l`lpjrj olmet enjm