Licenze Open Source, API, interoperabilità, motori di una nuova web economy

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Luca Bonesini Tech, fun, sales, and...

http://lbonesini.it/

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Le licenze Open Source


Licenze software, quali regole?

Fonte Chamindra de Silva


Licenze Open Source opensource.org

● Il termine “Open Source”nasce il 3 febbraio 1998 a Palo Alto (CA), insieme alla Open Source Initiative (E.Raymond, B.Perens)

● La OSI mantiene l'elenco delle licenze OS riconosciute ed approvate (Open Source Definition), secondo i 10 criteri OSI

● Da non confondere con la Free Sofware Foundation (fsf.org), fondata nel 1985 da R.Stallman (e altre: “Debian Free Software Guidelines” e “Definition of Free Cultural Works”)


Licenze Open Source i 10 criteri

● 1. Free Redistribution● The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software

as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale.

● 2. Source Code● The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source

code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed.

● 3. Derived Works● The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them

to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software.

● 4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code● The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form

only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software.

● 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups● The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.

● 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor● The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program

in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research.

● 7. Distribution of License● The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the

program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties.

● 8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product● The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's

being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution.

● 9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software● The license must not place restrictions on other software that is

distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software.

● 10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral● No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual

technology or style of interface.


Le licenze OS Quante sono?

Le più popolari, le comunità più attive

● Apache License, 2.0 (Apache-2.0)● BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" license (BSD-3-Clause)● BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" or "FreeBSD" license (BSD-2-Clause)● GNU General Public License (GPL)● GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL)● MIT license (MIT)● Mozilla Public License 2.0 (MPL-2.0)● Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL-1.0)● Eclipse Public License (EPL-1.0)


Le licenze OS Quante sono?

Spec ia l pu rpo se licenses

Educa t iona l Comm un ity L icen se , Ve rs ion 2 .0 (ECL-

2 .0 )

IP A F o n t L ic e n s e (IP A )

N A S A O p e n S o u rc e A g re e m e n t 1.3 (N A S A -1.3 )

O p e n F o n t L ic e n s e 1.1 ( O F L-1 .1 )

O th e r/M is c e lla n e o u s lic e n se s

A d a p tiv e P u b lic Lic e n s e (A P L-1 .0 )

A rtis tic l ic e n s e 2 .0 (A rtis tic -2 .0 )

O p e n S o ftw a re Lic e n s e (O S L-3 .0 )

Q P u b lic Lic e n s e (Q P L-1 .0 )

z lib /lib p n g lic e n s e (Z lib )

Lic e n s e s th a t a re re d u n d a n t w ith m o re p o p u la r

lice n s e s

A c a d e m ic F re e Lic e n s e (A F L-3 .0 )

A ttrib u tio n A s s u ra n c e L ic e n s e s (A A L)

E iffe l F o ru m L ic e n s e V 2 .0 (E F L-2 .0 )

F a ir L ic e n s e (F a ir)

H isto rica l P e rm is sio n N o tic e a n d D is cla im e r

(H P N D )

Lu c e n t P u b lic L ic e n s e V e rs io n 1 .0 2 (LP L- 1.0 2 )

Th e P o s tg re S Q L L ic e n s e (P o s tg re S Q L)

U n iv e rsity o f Illin o is /N C S A O p e n S o u rc e L ic e n s e

(N C SA )

X .N e t L ic e n s e (X n e t)

Superseded licenses

Apache Software License 1.1

(Apache-1.1)

Common Public License 1.0

(CPL-1.0)

Artistic license 1.0 (Artistic-

1.0)

Educational Community

License, Version 1.0 (ECL-

1.0)

Eiffel Forum License V1.0

(EFL-1.0)

Lucent Public License

("Plan9"), version 1.0 (LPL-

1.0)

Mozilla Public License 1.0

(MPL-1.0)

Mozilla Public License 1.1

(MPL-1.1)

Open Software License 1.0

(OSL-1.0)

Open Software License 2.1

(OSL-2.1)

Reciprocal Public License,

version 1.1 (RPL-1.1)

Non-reusable licenses

Apple Public Source License (APSL-2.0)

Computer Associates Trusted Open Source

License 1.1 (CATOSL-1.1)

CUA Office Public License Version 1.0 (CUA-

OPL-1.0)

EU DataGrid Software License (EUDatagrid)

Entessa Public License (Entessa)

Frameworx License (Frameworx-1.0)

IBM Public License (IPL-1.0)

LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL-1.3c)

Motosoto License (Motosoto)

Multics License (Multics)

Naumen Public License (Naumen)

Nethack General Public License (NGPL)

Nokia Open Source License (Nokia)

OCLC Research Public License 2.0 (OCLC-2.0)

PHP License (PHP-3.0)

Python License (Python-2.0) (overall Python

license)

CNRI Python license (CNRI-Python) (CNRI

portion of Python License)

RealNetworks Public Source License V1.0

(RPSL-1.0)

Ricoh Source Code Public License (RSCPL)

Sleepycat License (Sleepycat)

Sun Public License (SPL-1.0)

Sybase Open Watcom Public License 1.0

(Watcom-1.0)

Vovida Software License v. 1.0 (VSL-1.0)

W3C License (W3C)

wxWindows Library License (WXwindows)

Zope Public License (ZPL-2.0)

Licenses that have been voluntarily retired

Intel Open Source License (Intel)Jabber Open Source LicenseMITRE Collaborative Virtual

Workspace License (CVW)Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL)

Uncategorized LicensesBoost Software License (BSL-1.0)CeCILL License 2.1 (CECILL-2.1)

Common Public Attribution License 1.0 (CPAL-1.0)European Union Public License

(EUPL-1.1)GNU Affero General Public License v3 (AGPL-3.0)ISC License (ISC)

Microsoft Public License (MS-PL)Microsoft Reciprocal License (MS-RL)

MirOS Licence (MirOS)Non-Profit Open Software License 3.0 (NPOSL-3.0)

NTP License (NTP)Reciprocal Public License 1.5 (RPL-1.5)Simple Public License 2.0 (SimPL-

2.0)Open Group Test Suite License (OGTSL)

Le altre...


Licenze software, quali vincoli?

Fonte Chamindra de Silva


L'Open Source per OSI Perché occuparsense?

“Open source is a development method for software that harnesses the power of distributed peer review and transparency

of process.

The promise of open source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility,

lower cost, and an end to predatory vendor lock-in”.


L'inventario impossibile

● Sistemi operativi: AROS BSD Darwin eCos FreeDOS GNU Haiku Inferno Linux Mach MINIX OpenSolaris Plan 9 ReactOS

● Sviluppo: Basic For Qt Eclipse FreeBASIC Free Pascal GCC Gambas Java LLVM Lua NetBeans Open64 Perl PHP Python ROSE Ruby Tcl

● Community/organizzazioni: Apache Software Foundation Android Open Source Project Blender Foundation Eclipse Foundation FreeBSD Foundation freedesktop.org Free Software Foundation Europe India Latin America FSMI GNOME Foundation GNU Project Google Code KDE e.V. Linux Foundation Mozilla Foundation Open Knowledge Foundation Open Source Geospatial Foundation Open Source Initiative Software Freedom Conservancy SourceForge Symbian Foundation The Document Foundation Ubuntu Foundation Xiph.Org Foundation XMPP Standards Foundation X.Org Foundation


Open Source. E poi?


Open Source=Innovazione E se non ci fosse?

● Internet, BBS, Linux, web, browser, social web, web 2.0, dotcom, Google, alternative a Google, Social Network (MySpace, Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, G+, etc.), Online media (Youtube, Hulu, Last.fm, etc.), Blog, RSS, Mashups (Maps, Flickr, Amazon), Structured/Linked Data, Opendata, NoSQL, OpenAPI, Semantic web, Geo/Location-aware services, Real-time web, Recommendations engine, Cloud, Mobile web, Mobile App, Augmented reality, Internet of Things, etc. etc.

● Non solo software (media, hardware, automotive, healthcare, books, school, art... economy)


Aziende Open Source Business principale

Red Hat Sun Microsystems/Oracle Novell Digium Jaspersoft Zimbra IPBrick International Ingres Untangle Liferay Openbravo SugarCRM Alfresco Pentaho Compiere/Consona Cleversafe Fonality GroundWork Open Source Opengear EnterpriseDB Continuent Hyperic MuleSource xTuple Vyatta Openmoko SpringSource/Vmware StarPound Technologies Nuxeo Open-Xchange Acquia Actuate Astaro Canonical ClearCenter Continuent Digium DotNetNuke Uucalyptus eRacks Fluendo eBox Intalio IPBrick JumpBox KnowledgeTree Likewise Magnolia Mandriva Mindtouch MuleSoft MySQL/Oracle Talend Untangle Zarafa Zenoss Zmanda


Aziende che contribuiscono all'OS


Innovazione = bu$in€ss

Open Source

Open Standard Inn

ova

zio

ne

OAGi OASIS W3C IETF IEEE

ETSI Ecma OGF IEC ISO ITU

CENELEC CEN BSI UNI CEI

DKE DIN AFNOR GIETS

LDTI Interoperabilità


Open Source. Open Standard. Innovazione.


Qualche punto di partenza...

● OpenNebula, standards-compliant, virtualized enterprise data centers● Ubuntu Unity, desktop interface● OpenClinic, electronic data capture (EDC) and clinical data management (CDM)● OpenStack, cloud operating system● Kitware, software process, scientific computing, computer vision, medical

computing, informatics, and data management● OpenDaylight, framework to enable the creation of innovative, transparent

software-defined networks (SDNs)● ForgeRock, identity and access management ● Facebook Open Compute hacking the conventional computer infrastructure● Hadoop, distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of

computers● Android, mobile platform


...per arrivare a

Fonte IBM


Ma come?


API No, non queste!


API

API Application Programming Interface

“In informatica, si indica ogni insieme di procedure disponibili al programmatore, di solito raggruppate a formare un set di strumenti specifici per l'espletamento di un determinato compito all'interno di un certo programma.

Spesso con tale termine si intendono le librerie software disponibili in un certo linguaggio di programmazione” (fonte wikipedia).


API Economy

Le API sono considerate il nuovo canale (“business channel”) per interagire con partner e clienti

La API Economy è la somma delle “transazioni digitali” tra le parti che ne consegue.


API per Enterprise e PA

Fonte MuleSoft

Entro il 2016 il governo USA renderà tutti i dati pubblici “machine readable”.

Entro il 2015 il governo UK renderà i suoi 25 servizi più importanti accessibili via API.


Come fare?

● Per fare la API Economy occorre pubblicare una API

● Hai bisogno di una strategia API (“API Strategy”)

● Scegli una piattaforma che ti consenta di connettere i tuoi asset ai tuoi clienti (open source, open

standard... ricordi?).


Riassumendo

● Web API: REST, XML, JSON, Oauth● API as a Service● API Management● Monetization: free, consumer pays,

consumer gets paid, indirect● API Integration● API Ecosystem● Trends: aggregation, reciprocity,

backend as a service, real-time● Opportunities: 3D Printing,

Automobiles, Home, Buildings, Quantified Self


Qualche esempio


Esempio


Luca Bonesini

Phone +39 366 688.7125Email [email protected] www.sourcesense.com

Licenze Open Source, API, interoperabilità, motori di una nuova web economy

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