Lamezia, 3 luglio 2013 - univacalabria.it · Lamezia, 3 luglio 2013 uI REM behavioural disorders u...

Lamezia 3 luglio 2013

u I REM behavioural

disorders

u Biancamaria Guarnieriu Centro di Medicina del Sonno

u Riconosciuto AIMS

u Casa di Cura accreditata ldquoVilla Serenardquo Cittagrave S

Angelo Pescara

I vari disturbi

comportamentali in sonno

REM

u Disturbo del comportamento in sonno

REM ( RBD)

u Disturbo da incubi

u Paralisi ipnagogiche

u helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

uldquoRBD is one of the more

intriguing clinical curiosities

in medicine and certainly in

sleep medicine and

neurologyrdquo

RBD come contributo del sonno

nellrsquoesplorazione del funzionamento

cerebrale

u Verso la possibile rilevazione di precoci markers di neurodegenerazione

Descrizioni fondamentali

Schenk C Manhowald M

ldquo REM sleep beahvior disorder clinical

developmental and neuroscience

perspective 16 years after its formal

identification in SLEEPrdquo Sleep 2002

Schenk C

rdquo Paradox lost-Midnight in the battleground

of sleep and dreamsviolent moving

nightmares REM sleep behavior

disorderrdquo Extreme nights LLC 2005

REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR DISORDER (RBD)

u Parasonnia formalmente identificata nel 1986 da Schenck e

Mahowald

u Comportamenti motori vigorosi e spesso violenti di solito

associati a sogni spiacevoli e vividi (ldquo dream enacting behaviorsrdquo)

u PSG perdita intermittente o completa dellrsquoatonia muscolare del

milo-ioideo e o un incremento dellrsquoattivitagrave muscolare fasica ( milo

ioideo e muscoli degli arti) durante sonno R senza evidente

attivazione vegetativa

u Lrsquoincubo tipico dellrsquoRBD essere attaccati da animali o persone

sconosciute e anche combattere per autodifesa o tentativo di fuggire

International Classification of Sleep Disorders

AASM 2005- criteri diagnostici di RBD definito

u A-Presence of RSWA on PSG

u B- At least one of the following

sleep-related injurious potentially injurious or

disruptive behaviors by history (ie dream enactment

behavior) andor

abnormal REM sleep behavior documented during

polysomnographic monitoring

u Absence of EEG epileptiform activity during REM sleep

unless RBD can be clearly distinguished from any

concurrent REM sleep related seizure disorder

u The sleep disorder is not better explained by another sleep

disorder medical or neurological disorder mental

disorder medication use or substance use disorder

RBD clinicamente probabile

u In assenza di polisonnografia o in chi

non riesce a collaborare o in chi ha

pochissimo o assente sonno REM in

PSG per la diagnosi

u Anamnesi di eventi motorio-

comportamentali tipici

u Risposte congrue a specifici

questionari possibilmente validati

Mayo RBD questionnaire for PD

and cognitive

declined patients

2011

validato su 176

soggetti (normal

MCI AD LBD

PD PDD

98

Sensibilitagrave

74

Specificitagrave

per

RBD

A clinically probable RBD was diagnosed in

patients presenting during sleep about 1 h after

falling asleep rude movements andor

vocalizations as if they were enacting terrifying

nightmares sometimes provoking harm to self or

to their bed partner these episodes do not

necessarily cause the complete awakening of the

subject

Guarnieri B et al 2012

REM senza atonia ( RSWA)

u RSWA is a requisite diagnostic

feature of RBD but may also be

seen in patients without clinical

symptoms or signs of dream

enactment as an incidental finding in

neurologically normal individuals

especially in patients receiving

antidepressant therapy

u RSWA non vuol dire RBD

RBDdecorso clinico

cronico

RBD

alcohol (sospensione)

meprobamate (sospensione)

TCA I-MAO SSRI

cioccolata (intoxication)

RBD inserito nel deliriumhelliphellip

idiopatico

sintomatico(neurological diseases

mostly α-synucleinopathies)

acuto

RBD e malattie neurodegenerative

α-synucleiopathies(Boeve et al 2001)

Sporadically reported in

tauopathies

(overlap LBD)

bull Parkinsonrsquos disease (PD) ++

bull Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) +++

bull Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) +++

bull Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)

bull Cortico-Basal degeneration (CBD)

bull Alzheimerrsquos disease

RBD = Positive predicting value for α-synucleinopathies gt 90

Mayo

Clinic

Neurol Sci 2012 Apr33(2)371-3

REM sleep behavior disorder in a patient

with frontotemporal dementia

Lo Coco D Cupidi C Mattaliano A Baiamonte V Realmuto S

Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico

u Non associato ad altre diagnosi neurologiche

u Prevalenza stimata con interviste

telefoniche ( soggetti 15-100 anni) 05 (Ohayon 1997)

u Con PSG in pz con etagrave avanzata spesso declino cognitivo che

si rivolgono a Centro del sonno 002 bias di selezione

u Prevalenza maschile (MF 91) in PD 72

In LBD72 In MSA 64

u Etagrave drsquoesordio maggiore di 50 anni

u Evoluzione verso malattie

neurodegenerative nel 65 dei casi

38 of 29 iRBD pts developed parkinsonism andor

dementia after 12 yrs from onset (and 65 after 21 yrs

from RBD onset) (Schenk 1996 and 2005)

45 developed PD MSA DLB MCI after a mean of 115

years from the RBD onset (Iranzo at al 2006)

Esiste realmente lrsquoRBD idiopatico

RBD idiopatico al follow up

Iranzo 2013 The Lancet Neurology

u idiopathic RBD represents the

prodromal phase of a Lewy body

disorder and with sufficient

follow-up most cases would

eventually be diagnosed with a

clinical defined Lewy body

disorder such as Parkinsons

disease (PD) or dementia with

Lewy bodies (DLB)

u Patients from an IRBD cohort recruited

between 1991 and 2003 and previously

assessed in 2005 were followed up

during an additional period of 7 years

u Of the 44 participants from the original

cohort 36 (82) by the 2012 assessment

16 patients were diagnosed with PD

u 14 with DLB

u 1 with multiple system atrophy

u 5 with mild cognitive impairment

Iranzo 2013

Follow-up of idiopathic RBD patients

Predicting value of PLMS

u In the study of Schenck et al 1996 the only variable that

differentiated iRBD that eventually developed PD (38)

from those remaining idiopathic was the PLMS index at

the time of RBD diagnosis (852 vs 359)

u In a serie of 100 patients with RBD diagnosed at the Sleep

Disorders Center of San Raffaele H the PLMS index was

significantly higher in the symptomatic RBD compared to

the idiopathic ones (86 vs 58 with a PLMS indexgt10) (Zucconi et al 2003)

Risk 5-year 177 10-year 406 12-year 524

( 14PD i 1MSA 11 dementia- 7LBD 4 AD )

Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009

u Ann Neurol 2012 Jan71(1)49-56 doi

101002ana22655

u Probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior

disorder increases risk for mild cognitive

impairment and Parkinson disease a

population-based studyu Boot BP Boeve BF et al

u Cognitively normal subjects aged 70 to 89

years in a population-based study of aging who screened

positive for probable RBD using the Mayo Sleep

Questionnaire were followed at 15-month intervals

u INTERPRETATION

u In this population-based cohort study RBD confers a

22-fold increased risk of developing MCIPD over 4

years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up

Mov Dis 2012 (early view)

u Lancet Neurol 2013 May12(5)417-9

u REM sleep behaviour disorder a markerof synucleinopathy

u Mahowald MW Schenck CH

u Lancet Neurol 2013 May 12 (5) 469-82

u Idiopathic RBD in the development of PD

u Boeve BF

u Neurodegenerative disease status and post-mortem pathology in idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder anobservational cohort study

Inclusion of RBD improves the diagnostic

classification of dementia with Lewy

bodiesTJ Ferman PhD BF Boeve MD et al

u cohort of 234 autopsy-confirmed dementia

patients followed longitudinally

u a history of definite or probable RBD was

present in 76 of 98 autopsy-confirmed DLB

indicating it is a frequent feature of DLB

u A history of RBD improves clinical diagnostic

accuracy and increases the odds of autopsy-

confirmed DLB by 6-fold9u Neurology 201177875ndash88

RBD ndashdemenza a corpi di Lewy

u the presence of RBD may reflect a distinct subtype of DLB suggestive of a bottom-up disease progression

u while DLB without RBD has additional features suggestive of a top-down progression

u Does RBD define clinicopathologic subtypes of DLB with distinct patterns of disease progression and treatment response It could help the development of biomarkers that may assist in differential diagnosis early detection and prognosis of DLBhelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

RBD e allucinazioni

u Iniziali report hanno esaltato

lrsquoassociazione tra rbd e allucinazioni

visive (Pacchetti Sinforiani Onofrij)

u Alcuni le hanno considerate intrusioni

di sonno REMhelliphellip

u Studi piugrave recenti non hanno trovato

chiare associazioni (Postuma hellip)

uLa latenza di conversione da

RBD idiopatico a RBD in

malattia neurodegenerativa

cambia negli anni

u Maggior attenzione e capacitagrave

diagnostica

u Studi non solo retrospettivi

u Studi non piugrave limitati solo o

prevalentemente ai centri del sonno

Idiopathic RBD

Multiple subtle abnormalities

Slowing of waking EEG (Fantini 2003)

Neuropsicological deficits (Ferini-Strambi et al 2003 Vendette M 2000

Fantini et al 2011)

Subtle parkinsonism (motor and gait speed) (Postuma 2006)h

Autonomic impairment (Ferini-Strambi 1996 Lanfranchi 2007 Postuma

2010

Olfactory deficit (Fantini 2006 Postuma 2006)

Color vision impairment (Postuma 2006)

Neuroimaging

abilitagrave visuospaziali logiche non verbali attenzione funzioni esecutive

Deficit olfattivo in iRBD

u Deficit olfattivo in un gruppo eterogeneo di

pazienti con RBD di cui 2 idiopatici

(Stiasny-Kolster et al 2004)

u Deficit della identificazione degli odori in

un gruppo di 50 pazienti con RBD

idiopatico (Fantini et al 2005)

Olfatto e malattie neurodegenerative

u Deficit olfattivo simile a quello osservato nel PD

Lrsquoodore del diluente (paint thinner) maggiore sensibilitagrave specificitagrave e potere statistico di detezione sia nel PD chenellrsquoiRBD

u Deficit olfattivo in 70-100 dei pazienti PD sin dagli stadi precoci(Doty 1988 Tissingh 2001 McSchane 2001 Ponsen 2004)

u Non presente in altre cause di parkinsonismo (PSP CBD parkinsonismo vascolare e PD associato a mutazione Parkin)

u Deficit olfattivo nella demenza in DLB gt AD (McShane et al2001)

u Deficit olfattivo= hallmark di Lewy body disease (Hawkes C 2003)

u The olfactory deficit found in 61 of RBD patients suggests

the presence of an underlying Lewy body disease in those

patients and supports the notion of a continuum between

RBD and LBD

u A great heterogeneity in olfactory scores was observed in

the RBD group

bull Follow up of iRBD patients with high and low olfactory

identification score will allow to assess the predictive value

of olfactory impairment for the development of α-

synuchleinopathy in idiopathic RBD

Deficit olfattivo e demenza a corpi

di Lewy

bull Deficit nelle abilitagrave costruttive visuo-spaziali

(437 dei pazienti) e nellrsquoapprendimento

visuo-spaziale (823) simile ai pazienti con

DLB (Ferini-Strambi et al Neurology 2004)

bull Deficit nelle funzioni visuo-spaziali nellrsquoRBD

idiopatico (Terzaghi et al AIMS 2005)

Neuropsicologia in RBD

idiopatico

u Int J Psychophysiol 2013

u Cognitive dysfunction and REM sleep behavior

disorder Key findings in the literature and

preliminary longitudinal findingsu Manni R Sinforiani E Pacchetti C Zucchella C Cremascoli R Terzaghi M

u It is unclear whether cognitive deficits in iRBD represent an associated feature or

a marker predictive of subsequent development of a synucleinopathy

u Cross-sectional studies indicate that a proportion of iRBD patients show cognitive

deficits similar to those typically found in patients with synucleinopathies

u The available longitudinal data suggest that cognitive dysfunction in iRBD

tends to progress over time with this progression probably being

underpinned by a neurodegenerative process RBD fattore di rischio per

declino cognitivo fino alla demenza

1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD

bull EEG slowing only in

PD with RBD

bull RBD in PD predictor

of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003

Autonomic impairment in iRBD

u Mild autonomic dysfunctions during both sleep

and wakefulness (eg abnormalities in

sympathetic and parasympathetic tests)

(Ferini-Strambi et al1996)

u A reduced cardiac activation associated with

periodic leg movements (PLMS) (Fantini et al

2002)

Disfunzioni autonomiche non correlate a

parkinsonismo

u MIGB alterata sempre in RBD idiopatico ( ma non in

MSAhellip

u PD-nonRBD non ci sono disfunzioni autonomiche

u Un paziente aveva 20 anni di storia di RBD non sintomi

parkinsoniani e captazione MIGB molto ridotta

u Un paziente aveva 4 anni di storia di RBD e anomalie alla

MIGB al baseline ldquo anni dopo ha sviluppato un Parkinson

ma la seconda scintigrafia MIGB era identica alla prima

Forse differenti livelli di progressione attraverso gli

stadi di Braak

(Lang AE The progression of PD a hypothesis Neurology 2007)

49 PD patients

18 pts =clinical RBD (367)

8 pts = subclinical RBD (163)

23 pts = normal REM sleep

(469)

ldquoPD patients with clinical RBD might

suffer from a wider a-synuclein pathology

including reduced cardiac sympathetic

ganglia function as reflected by a lowered

MIBG uptakerdquo

Idiopathic RBD Neuroimaging

SN involvement SPECT (IPTIBZM DATSCAN) PET

TCS) (Eishenser I 2000 Albin 2000 Unger 2008

Stockner 2009 Iranzo 2010 Miyamoto 2012)

Multiple perfusion abnormalities (ECD-SPECT) (Mazza

2006 Vendette 2011)

Gray and White Matter (Voxel-based MRI DTI)

(Scherfer 2011 Haniou 2011)

Cardiac innervation (I-MGBI cardiac scintigraphy)

precocious involvement (Myiamoto )

studi solo giapponesihellipridotta captazione in RBD ma

non in MSA( dove RBD egrave piugrave frequente)

Parkinson and RBD IPT SPECT study

(Eisensehr et al Brain 2000 1231155-1160)

PET STUDY decrease of nigro-striatal DAergic

innervation in idiopathic RBD

(Albin et al Neurology 2000 551410-1412) density of striatal

dopaminergic terminals with [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine PET in six

elderly subjects with chronic idiopathic RBD and 19 age-appropriate

controls

Control RBD RBD

Alterato contenuto dei sogni un altro marker

di neurodegenerazione

CONTENUTO DEI SOGNI IN RBD

u Compared to control subjects RBD showed

Dreams with at least one aggression (66 vs 15 plt000001)

ratio AggressionFriendliness interactions (89 vs 44 plt00001)

frequency of Animal characters (19 vs 4 p=00001)

No Dreams with at least one element of sexuality (0 vs 9 plt00001)

u A trend toward

of Dreamer as aggressor (29 vs 0 h = 114 p=0002)

of Negative emotions (82 vs 61 h = 046 p=0003)

of Familiar characters (52 vs 65 h=-026 p=0065)

Aggressive dream content without increased

daytime aggressiveness

RBD

patients Controls p

AQ total score 699 plusmn 161 738 plusmn 203 037

Physical Aggression 165 plusmn 64 204 plusmn 83 0034

Verbal Aggression 150 plusmn 42 144 plusmn 40 059

Anger 179 plusmn 65 173 plusmn 60 067

Hostility 204 plusmn 54 216 plusmn 62 038

u No between-group difference in overall daytime aggressiveness

u Patients with RBD showed lower score on ldquoPhysical

Aggressionrdquo than controls

uNovitagrave sul contenuto onirico

durante RBD

Varia fenomenologia ( riso

gesticolazione piugrave quieta )

uDiagnosi differenziale tra

RBD e disturbo da incubi

Alterato contenuto dei sogni un altro marker di

neurodegenerazione

u Increased frequency of both aggression and animals

is reported also in children dreams (Domhoff 1996)

u Developmental decrease in phasic muscle REM sleep

activity from birth to late childhood as an expression

of maturation of the brainstem motor inhibitory

systems (Kohyama et al 1990 1996 and 1999

Tachibana WASM 2005)

u Chronic RBD as a manifestation of a widespread

neurodegenerative process might lead to an

impairment of brainstem inhibitory systems and to a

release of ontogenetically early dream patterns

Fantini et al Neurology 2005651010-1015

RBD demenza parkinsonismi

dati anatomopatologici

RBD and Parkinsonrsquos disease

Gagnon JF Beacutedard MA Fantini ML et al Neurology 2002 59585-589

N=33 PD PATIENTS

At the clinical interview only 5 patients (15 )

reported RBD symptoms

At the PSG evaluation

11 patients (333 ) both PSG and

behavioral manifestations of RBD

8 patients ( 242 ) loss of atonia without

behavioral manifestation (REM sleep without

atonia =RSWA)

A total of 19 patients (58) with

PD had REM sleep without

atonia

bull Prevalence of RBD in PD patients 15-30 (Silber 1993

Comella1998 Wetter 2002 Gagnon 2002)

RBD in PDuno specifico sottotipo di PD

Specific motor features (akinetic-rigid form

symmetrical onset axial symptoms L-dopa-induced dyskinesiaecc)

More severe non motor signs Autonomic deficits (Postuma 2009 and 2011)

EEG impairment (Gagnon 2003)

Cognitive deficits (Vendette 2007 Postuma 2012)

Colour vision impairment (Postuma 2005)

Visuoperceptive dysfunctions (Marques 2010)

Hallucinations (controversial)

Different outcome to STN-DBS

PD_RBD sembra avere una piugrave estesa degenerazione nel sistema nervoso centrale rispetto al PD senza RBD

TEMPORAL PATTERN (Kumru et al 2007)

u All tremor-dominant patientsdeveloperent RBD followingmotor parkinsonism

bullAll patients whose RBD

preceded parkinsonism belonged

to the group of non- tremor

dominant type

bullRBD preceded parkinsonism

only when parkinsonism started

after the age of 50 years

Disfunzioni autonomiche

u Invariabilmente associate ad RBD

Stesso livello di compromissione in

iRBD e in PD-RBD

u Non riscontrate in PD senza RBDndash Sistolic blood pressure drop

ndash Cardiac variability (R-R and Spectral

analysis)

ndash Cardiac innervation (MIGB)

ndash Urinary symptoms

Postuma et al Brain 2009)

Cardiac variability

R-R standard deviation

bullPD-RBD severely impaired

bullPD-noRBD = controls

Mov Dis 2011

PD a 3-phase disease

A multisystem synucleinopathy with pathology extending beyond the

confines of the central nervous system and clinical manifestations

extending beyond dopamine cell loss in the SNc

Mov Dis 2012

Grant del Ministero della Salute

uRBD distingue DLB e PD

demenza dalla VaD e dallrsquo

AD e sottolinea la necessitagrave

di ricercare altri disturbi del

sonno particolarmente

frequenti nella VaD( v

apnee morfeiche)

u Guarnieri et al 2012

ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2012

ASSOCIAZIONI TRA DISTURBI DEL SONNO

u La presenza di RBD nella malattia di

Parkinson e nella demenza a corpi di

Lewy va dal 38 allrsquo 83

u RBD spesso precede lrsquoinsorgenza dei

parkinsonismi e della demenza di

molti anni fino a 20

u Nelle diagnosi cliniche di AD ed RBD

in altre malattie neurodegenerative

non sinucleinopatie RBD insorge

quasi contemporaneamente o dopo i

deficit cgnitivi eo motori

SNC lesions associated to RBD

Type of Lesion Localisation Auteurs

Ischemic Left upper pons Kimura et al 2000

Lacunar ischemic Right pontine tegmentum Li et al 2009

Demyelinating in R-R MS Pontine white matter Plazzi et a 2002

Neurinoma Brainstem Zambelis et al 2002

Cavernoma Ponto-mesencephalic tegmentum Provini et al 2004

Demyelinating in MS Dorsal pontine tegmentum Tippmann et al 2006

Inflammatory Brainstem (pontine tegmentum) Limousin et al 2009

Inflammatory (VGKC-Ab limbic encephalitis) Amygdala (brainstem spared) Iranzo et al 2006

Inflammatory (acute aseptic LE) Amygdala Lin et al 2009

Inflammatory (Guillain-Barreacute sdr) Hypothalamus ( level of hypocretin) Cochen V 2005

(Narcolepsy) Hypothalamus Nightingale et al 2001

Degenerative (Fatal Familiar Insomnia) Anterior and dorsomedian Thalamus Lugaresi et al 2001

Post-surgery (after electrode implantation for STN-

DBS)

Upper part of SN pars compacta

(interruption of descending imputs)

Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo

ldquoPseudo-RBDrdquo

ldquodream enactmentrdquo

durante Sindrome delle apnee

ostruttive in sonno ( OSAS)

OSAS RBD una diagnosi differenziale da

considerare sempre sia nellrsquo RBD isdiopatico che

nelle malattie neurodegenerative

RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007

Visual rules for adults1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

A Electroencephalogram (EEG)

1) The racommended derivations are

[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1

Backup electrodes should be placed at F3 C3O1 and M2 to allow display of F3-

M2 C3-M2 and O1-M2 if electrodes malfunction during the study

B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena

u Desynchronized fast EEG activity

u Suppression of muscle tone = ATONIA (paradoxical)

Phasic phenomena

u Rapid Eye Movements (REMs)

u Muscle twitch (face extremities)

u Erratic respiration and heart rate

Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves

Rapid Eye Movemnts (REM) sleepe

REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR DISORDER

REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)

REM SENZA ATONIA1) sustained muscle activity in REM sleep with 50 of

the epoch having increased chin EMG amplitude

andor

2) excessive transient muscle activity defined by the

presence of 5 or more mini-epochs (a 30 second

epoch is divided into 10 3-second mini-epochs) in an

epoch having transient muscle activity lasting at

least 05 seconds

no minimum number of epochs showing abnormal

muscle activity required for the RSWA designation ndash

this was purposefully not stated as there is little

good normative data

AASM 2007

u Mov Disord 2013 Jun

u Analysis of video-polysomnographic sleep findings in dementia with Lewy bodies

u Terzaghi M Arnaldi D Rizzetti MC Minafra B Cremascoli R RustioniV Zangaglia R Pasotti C Sinforiani E Pacchetti C Manni R

u video-PSG findings in 29 consecutive subjects diagnosed with DLB

u 29 nondemented patients with Parkinsons disease (PD)

u complex mix of overlapping sleep alterations impaired sleep structure sleep comorbidities and various motor-behavioral events (not restricted to RBD)

u Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of misleading symptoms and of the risk of overlooking sleep comorbidities and consider performing polysomnographic sleep investigations in selected cases

Per lrsquoespressivitagrave clinica di RBD

uPerdita dellrsquoinibizione

muscolare in REM

uAumento del drive motorio

REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats

(From Boeve BF et al Brain 2007)

RBD patophysiology in humans

RBD pathophysiology in PD (according to Braak staging)


Staging brain pathology in PD(Braak et al 2003)

uLewy Body pathology progresses in a stereotyped fashion

Stage 1 anterior olfactory and dorsal motor nucleus of IXX n

Stage 2 upper braistem nuclei (PPN and LC) (RBD)

Stage 3 Substantia Nigra (motor PD)

Stage 4-5 Cerebral cortex (DLB)

ALTERNANZA NonREM-REMMODELLO DI INTERAZIONE RECIPROCA

(Mc Carley amp Hobson 1975)

REM-on

REM-off Nuclei Peduncolopontino

(PPN) e Dorsolaterale

(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch

u ldquo Flip-Floprdquo

Locus coeruleus(LC) nucleo

peduncolopontino (PPN) tegmento

laterodorsale (LDT)

Neuropathological studiesIdiopathic RBD (2 cases)

1 Incidental Lewy bodies disease with severe

neuronal loss and gliosis in the substantia nigra

(SN) and coeruleussubcoeruleus (LC) (Uchiyama

et al 1995)

2 Incidental Lewy body disease (brainstem-

predominant dorsal motor nucleus and medullary

tegmentum) but no significant degeneration of SN

LC and raphe nuclei (Boeve BF 2007)

Degeneration of the monoaminergic SN and LC is really the

primary cause of idiopathic RBD

u In 1 pt RBD-dementia (combined Lewy bodies + Alzheimer pathology) marked

neuronal loss within the LC but higher density of cholinergic mesopontine

neurons possible disinhibition of cholinergic neurons by reduced number of LC

neurons leading to increased REM sleep drive and RBD (Schenck et al 1996-

1997)

u in 1 pt RBD-PD severe neuronal loss of subcoeruleus nucleus with no changes

in PPTLDT nuclei (Arnulf et al 2000)

u in 4 RBD-MSA patients depletion of the cholinergic neurons in PPTLDT (Benarroch

and Schmeichel 2002)

u In 11 pt with DLB-RBD same degree of depletion in PPN-LDT as in patients DLB-

non RBD (Dugger et al 2012)

Neuropathological studiesSymptomatic RBD (a total of 17 cases)

Alterations in PPN and LDT do not fully account for

RBD pathogenesis

Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2012

Neuropathological analysis of brainstem cholinergic and catecholaminergic

nuclei in relation to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder

Dugger BN Murray ME Boeve BF Parisi JE Benarroch EE Ferman TJ

Dickson DW

u human brain banked tissues of

u 11 Lewy body disease (LBD) cases with RBD

u 10 LBD without RBD

u 19 Alzheimers disease (AD)

u 10 neurologically normal controls

u Tissues were stained with choline acetyl transferase

immunohistochemistry to label neurones of PPNLDT and

tyrosine hydroxylase for the LC The burden of tau and α-

synuclein pathology was measured in the same regions with

immunohistochemistry

2012- dati anatomopatologici

u Whether decreases in brainstem

cholinergic neurones in LBD contribute

to RBD is uncertain but our findings

indicate these neurones are highly

vulnerable to α-synuclein pathology in

LBD and tau pathology in AD The

mechanism of selective α-synuclein-

mediated neuronal loss in these nuclei

remains to be determined

u Sulla genetica ancora non cegrave niente di sostanziale cegrave

un lavoro sulla aumentata storia familiare nei paz con

RBD ma questo lavoro ha dei limiti poichegrave il dato egrave

ottenuto con la single question di Postuma (RBD1Q) di

cui perograve non si conosce bene la sensibilitagrave e specificitagrave

u In ogni caso la familiaritagrave nel complesso non egrave frequente

uno studio genetico egrave in corso a Montreal ma i risultati

non sono noti

u Ipotizzata da alcuni trasmissione genetica possibile a

scarsa penetranza

u Neurology 2013 Jun

u Family history of idiopathic REM behavior disorder A multicenter case-control study

u Dauvilliers Y Postuma RB Ferini-Strambi L Arnulf I Houmlgl B Manni R Miyamoto T Oertel W Fantini ML Puligheddu M Jennum P Sonka K Zucconi M Leu-Semenescu S Frauscher B Terzaghi M Miyamoto M Unger M Desautels A Wolfson C Pelletier A Montplaisir J

u 316 PSG -confirmed iRBD

u 316 controls

u A positive family history of dream enactment wasreported in 138 of iRBD cases compared to 48 ofcontrols

u CONCLUSION

u increased odds of proxy-reported family historyof presumed RBD among individuals withconfirmed iRBD This suggests the possibility ofa genetic contribution to RBD

uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE

Nature and Science of Sleep giugno 2013

u Ventricular orexin-A (hypocretin-1) levelscorrelate with rapid-eye-movement sleep withoutatonia in Parkinsons disease

u Bridoux A Moutereau S Covali-Noroc A Margarit L Palfi S Nguyen JP Lefaucheur JP Ceacutesaro P drsquoOrtho MP Drouot X

u The orexin-A (hypocretin-1) hypothalamicsystem plays a central role in controllingREM sleep Loss of orexin neurons results in narcolepsy-cataplexy a condition characterized by diurnal sleepiness and REM sleep without atonia

u high levels of orexin-A in Parkinsons diseasemay be associated with loss of REM muscleatonia

Psychiatric symptoms and

compulsive behaviors in RBD

pazienti con RBD maggiore

compulsivitagrave

u Tra laltro lultimissimo dato che abbiamo appena

osservato egrave che i PD-RBD hanno un rischio almeno

doppio di sviluppare un disturbo del controllo degli

impulsi rischio che diventa triplo per alcuni ICDs

dopo avere controllato per etagrave sesso durata e

severitagrave del PD e soprattutto per dose levodopa

equivalente

u Considerato che dei fattori di rischio per ICDs non si

sa granchegrave (a parte unassociazione con giovane etagrave

esordio giovanile e lieve prevalenza di sesso

maschile) egrave un dato credo interessante che puograve

anche orientare il clinico nel trattamento soprattutto

con i dopaminoagonisti

TRATTAMENTO

The goals of therapy are to minimize the

three cardinal features of the disorder ndash

decrease the frequency and severity of the

abnormal vocalizations (thereby reducing

the embarrassing nature of screams and

swearing with guests in the home when

traveling and sleeping in hotels and when

fishinghuntingcamping and sleeping in

tents) decrease the frequency and

severity of the abnormal behaviors

(thereby reducing the risk of injury to the

patient and bedpartner) and decrease the

unpleasant dreams

trattamento FARMACOLOGICO

u Clonazepam (05-2 mg bedtime)

90 of success (Schenck 1990)

u Melatonina (3-12 mg at bedtime)

(Kuntz1999)

u Pramipexole (Fantini 2003)

u Carbamazepine

u Donepezil (10-15 mg bedtime)

(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa

u Quetiapina Clozapinahellip

PRAMIPEXOLE IN IDIOPATHIC RBD

bull Five out of 8 patients sustained reduction in frequency or intensity of

sleep motor behaviors confirmed by video-recording

bull No change for of phasic EMG activity during REM sleep

bull Surprisingly a decrease in the of REM sleep muscle atonia was

observed

bull The treatment did not modify the indexes of periodic leg movements

Trattamento

bull Agents that decrease the frequency andor severity of RBD

bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin

bull Agents that tend to increase the frequency andor severity of RBD

bull Tricyclic antidepressants (particularly amitriptyline)

bull Chocolate

bull Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

(particularly venlafaxine and mirtazapine)

bull Controversial effects on RBD

bull Anticholinergics (donepezil rivastigmine)

bull Dopaminergic (Levodopa pramipexole)

Nuove opzioni terapeutiche

uSodium Oxybate forme resistenti

( 3g prima del sonno notturno e 3 g

tre ore piugrave tardi) Un paziente non responder

a 4 mg clonazepam 12 mg melatonina 100mg

quetiapinahellipha risposto a Sodium Oxybatehellip

uAgomelatina

Effects of cholinergic drugs

Effects of STN-DBS in RBD

u 7 studies on sleep after STN-DBS

4 with PGS measures

4 with only subjective measures of Sleep

(PSQI etc)

u 3 studies RBD after STN-DBS (tot of 14 RBD)

Arnulf 2000 no change

Iranzo 2000 no change

Cicolin 2004 no change

of Phasic EMG during REM sleep

PLMS index (tot nh of

sleep)

Study 1 (Arnulf et al 2000)

RBD and STN-DBSStudy 2 (Iranzo et al 2000)

Maria Livia u In effetti nel campo dellRBD idiopatico le novitagrave piugrave grandi negli

ultimi anni sono state nella definizione della patogenesi con il

modello animale di RBD ottenuto con topi knockout per la

trasmissione glicinergica e gabaergica che deriva anche dalla

ridefinizione del meccanismo del sonno REM e il modello flip-flop

u e il dato di Iranzo e di Schenck sull80 di conversione

u Per il resto in questi anni si sono accumulati molti dati sul fatto

che nellambito delle mal neurodegenerative la presenza di RBD

spesso si associa a un quadro neurodegenerativo piugrave esteso e

piugrave severo soprattutto nel PD

Prospettive future

u Necessitagrave di biomarkers precoci di

neurodegenerazione

u RBD idiopatico da solo o i associazione con altre

anomalie elettrofisiologiche puograve essere un marker

importante di neurodegenerazione ad uno stadio

preclinico

bull Studi longitudinali per affermare il valore predittivo di

questi markers

u Futuri trials farmacologici con terapie laquodisease-

modifying raquo per pazienti con RBD idiopatico ad alto

rischio

DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM and RBD

u Association with PD

u Decreased striatal innervation in I-RBD (Eisensher 2000 Albin 2000)

u Reduced size of putamen in I-RBD (Ellmore et al 2010)

but

u Absence of RBD in pts with pallidopontonigraldegeneration (Boeve 2006)

u No correlation between EMG activities and DAT densities in idiopathic RBD (

u Controversial effects of DA

2012- LBD con e senza RBD

u Confronto tra LBD AD soggetti di

controllo

u Patologia tau ed alfa sinucleina

u LC PPN LDT vulnerabili ad alfa

syn in LBD ed AD ma perdita

neuronale signifcativa solo in LBD

u Percheacute questa perdita neuronale

alfa synucleino mediata in questi

nuclei

u LBD meno neuroni colinergici in PPNLDT ma

non differenze con e senza RBDeppure tali

nuclei sono coinvolti nellrsquoatonia REM hellipforse i

LBD sono diversihellip

u Tale perdita neuronale perograve correlerebbe con

andatura e controllo posturale

u Allora sono coinvolti altri nuclei nel

determinismo dellrsquo RBDhellip oppure

u DIVERSI NODI DI UNO STESSO NETWORK

COINVOLTI INDIVERSI INDIVIDUI

GENERANDO LO STESSO FENOTIPO RBD

PLMS and sleep disorders

u Restless Legs syndrome +++

u Narcolepsy ++

u Rem sleep behavior disorder (RBD) +++

u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system

Modified from Montplaisir et al Sleep Medicine 2000

EPIDEMIOLOGY

u Prevalence of PLMS in the general population increases with age

(6 subjects aged 30 ndash 50 yrs 30 after 50 yrs) (Hening 1999 Coleman

1983 Ancoli-Israeli 1985)

u Prevalence in PD gt MSA gt controls (Coccagna 1985 Plazzi 1997 Vetrugno

2004 Wetter 2002)

u Frequently associated to RBD

u Evidence of an involvement of the DA system (diencephalo-spinal

DAergic system)

Pharmacological (DAagonists=potent suppressors of PLM)

Metabolic (Cohrs 2004)

Neuroimaging ( binding with striatal postsynaptic D2 receptor with SPECT or

PET studies (Staedt 1995 Turianski 1999 Michaud 2002 )

Sleep disturbance in mental health problems and

neurodegenerative disease- Nature and science of sleep 2013

u ldquoComparison between the

polysomnography studies of those with

AD compared to frontotemporal

dementia showed greater REM sleep

disruption in AD again suggesting that

sleep in frontotemporal dementia may

be better preservedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

I vari disturbi

comportamentali in sonno

REM

u Disturbo del comportamento in sonno

REM ( RBD)

u Disturbo da incubi

u Paralisi ipnagogiche

u helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip




sleep medicine and

neurologyrdquo



cerebrale








Schenk C







Mahowald















behavior) andor













PSG per la diagnosi






and cognitive

declined patients

2011

validato su 176

soggetti (normal

MCI AD LBD

PD PDD

98

Sensibilitagrave

74

Specificitagrave

per

RBD








subject












RBDdecorso clinico

cronico

RBD



TCA I-MAO SSRI



idiopatico



acuto




tauopathies

(overlap LBD)








Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)

















sleep medicine and

neurologyrdquo



cerebrale








Schenk C







Mahowald















behavior) andor













PSG per la diagnosi






and cognitive

declined patients

2011

validato su 176

soggetti (normal

MCI AD LBD

PD PDD

98

Sensibilitagrave

74

Specificitagrave

per

RBD








subject












RBDdecorso clinico

cronico

RBD



TCA I-MAO SSRI



idiopatico



acuto




tauopathies

(overlap LBD)








Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)
















cerebrale








Schenk C







Mahowald















behavior) andor













PSG per la diagnosi






and cognitive

declined patients

2011

validato su 176

soggetti (normal

MCI AD LBD

PD PDD

98

Sensibilitagrave

74

Specificitagrave

per

RBD








subject












RBDdecorso clinico

cronico

RBD



TCA I-MAO SSRI



idiopatico



acuto




tauopathies

(overlap LBD)








Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)




















Schenk C







Mahowald















behavior) andor













PSG per la diagnosi






and cognitive

declined patients

2011

validato su 176

soggetti (normal

MCI AD LBD

PD PDD

98

Sensibilitagrave

74

Specificitagrave

per

RBD








subject












RBDdecorso clinico

cronico

RBD



TCA I-MAO SSRI



idiopatico



acuto




tauopathies

(overlap LBD)








Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)
















Mahowald















behavior) andor













PSG per la diagnosi






and cognitive

declined patients

2011

validato su 176

soggetti (normal

MCI AD LBD

PD PDD

98

Sensibilitagrave

74

Specificitagrave

per

RBD








subject












RBDdecorso clinico

cronico

RBD



TCA I-MAO SSRI



idiopatico



acuto




tauopathies

(overlap LBD)








Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)




















behavior) andor













PSG per la diagnosi






and cognitive

declined patients

2011

validato su 176

soggetti (normal

MCI AD LBD

PD PDD

98

Sensibilitagrave

74

Specificitagrave

per

RBD








subject












RBDdecorso clinico

cronico

RBD



TCA I-MAO SSRI



idiopatico



acuto




tauopathies

(overlap LBD)








Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


















PSG per la diagnosi






and cognitive

declined patients

2011

validato su 176

soggetti (normal

MCI AD LBD

PD PDD

98

Sensibilitagrave

74

Specificitagrave

per

RBD








subject












RBDdecorso clinico

cronico

RBD



TCA I-MAO SSRI



idiopatico



acuto




tauopathies

(overlap LBD)








Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)















and cognitive

declined patients

2011

validato su 176

soggetti (normal

MCI AD LBD

PD PDD

98

Sensibilitagrave

74

Specificitagrave

per

RBD








subject












RBDdecorso clinico

cronico

RBD



TCA I-MAO SSRI



idiopatico



acuto




tauopathies

(overlap LBD)








Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)





















subject












RBDdecorso clinico

cronico

RBD



TCA I-MAO SSRI



idiopatico



acuto




tauopathies

(overlap LBD)








Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)
























RBDdecorso clinico

cronico

RBD



TCA I-MAO SSRI



idiopatico



acuto




tauopathies

(overlap LBD)








Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)

















tauopathies

(overlap LBD)








Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














Mayo

Clinic





Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


















Cannizzaro E

RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














RBD idiopatico







In LBD72 In MSA 64




















Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)
































Lewy bodies (DLB)








u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)





















u 14 with DLB



Iranzo 2013













Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


























Cohort of

93 IRBD (

PSG) pts

Neurology 2009


101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)















101002ana22655









u INTERPRETATION



years

Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














Neurology 2007

3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














3 YEARS

Follow-up







u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)



















u Boeve BF

















RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)





























RBD e allucinazioni











cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)

















cambia negli anni


diagnostica




Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














Idiopathic RBD




Fantini et al 2011)



2010



Neuroimaging



















RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)































RBD and LBD


the RBD group






di Lewy








idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)





















idiopatico













1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


























1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1

Frequenc y (Hz)

-150

-100

-050

000

050

100

150

log

PO

WE

R

Controls

PD without RBD

PD with RBD


PD with RBD


of dementia ( v EEG

in LBD)

Neurology 2003








2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)





















2002)


parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)















parkinsonismo


MSAhellip








stadi di Braak


49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














49 PD patients




(469)





MIBG uptakerdquo






2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)



















2006 Vendette 2011)














controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)





















controls

Control RBD RBD









u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)






















u A trend toward






RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)
















RBD

patients Controls p










durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)















durante RBD






neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)















neurodegenerazione

















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


















N=33 PD PATIENTS








atonia =RSWA)



atonia



















dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)






























dominant type







iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)

















iRBD e in PD-RBD



analysis)




Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)















Cardiac variability




Mov Dis 2011





Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


















Mov Dis 2012








apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)





















apnee morfeiche)


ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














ASSOCIATIONS AMONG

DIFFERENT SLEEP

DISTURBANCES





























DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)








































DBS)



Piette et al 2007

Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














Studio su

lesioni

nellrsquouomo








RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)





















RBD-OSAS con caduta

OSA-RBD

RBD in ventilazione

RLS-OSAS

2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














2007




[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)

















[RACOMMENDED]

a F4-M1

b C4-M1

c O2-M1



B EMG chin

Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














Tonic phenomena



Phasic phenomena




Eye movements

Brainwaves

Muscle Tone

Eye movements

Brainwaves



REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)















REM sleep in four

different patients

showing

definitely normal

EMG atonia (A)

definitely

increased EMG

tone and hence

definite REM

sleep without

atonia (B) and

equivocally

increased EMG

tone (C and D)



andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)
















andor





least 05 seconds




good normative data

AASM 2007










muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)























muscolare in REM


REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














REM sleep in cats

RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














RBD model in cats













REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


























REM-on



(DLT)

(Acetilcolina)

Locus Coeruleus

(Noradrenalina)

N Dorsale del Rafe

(Serotonina)

-

+

-

+

NA

5-HT

NA

5-HT

Ach

Ach

u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














u The sleep-

wake switch




laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)
















laterodorsale (LDT)





et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


















et al 1995)











1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


















1997)









RBD pathogenesis





Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


















Dickson DW




























non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)































non sono noti


scarsa penetranza





u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


















u 316 controls


u CONCLUSION


uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














uNUOVE

uPROSPETTIVE

uDI

u INDAGINE









compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)






















compulsivitagrave







equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)




















equivalente







TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














TRATTAMENTO













unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


























unpleasant dreams





(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


















(Kuntz1999)


u Carbamazepine


(Simmonds 2000)

u Levodopa







observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)



















observed


Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














Trattamento


bull Clonazepam

bull Melatonin



bull Chocolate












uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)




















uAgomelatina




4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)

















4 with PGS measures


(PSQI etc)







sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)
















sleep)













Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)

























Prospettive future


neurodegenerazione




preclinico


questi markers



rischio





but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)


















but






controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)
















controllo







nuclei














u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)



























u Narcolepsy ++


u Insomnia +

u Ipersomnia +

Sleep Disorder

with

involvement of

the DA system


EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














EPIDEMIOLOGY





2004 Wetter 2002)



DAergic system)














Lamezia, 3 luglio 2013 - univacalabria.it · Lamezia, 3 luglio 2013 uI REM behavioural disorders u...

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