7/23/2019 Geo4Dummies - Il Presente e Il Futuro Dell’Osservazione Della Terra Da Satellite

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 n prfsfdtf

f `n juturo

 fnn‐ossfrv z`odf

ifnnk Yfrrk

ik sktfnn`tf

Efo9iuhh`fsEn` kpprojodi`hfdt` ifn Efo]pfr`fdaf

t`dfn 3K @hkef © FQK/KYE hfi`knkc

Hkss`ho \ott`

pbh773-5;9-;.7

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Ykcnf oj Aodtfdts

@n prfsfdtf fi `n juturo ifnn'ossfrvkz odf ifnnk Yfrrk ik sktfnn`tf 1

@djorhkz`od` sunn'f-coob 9

Wnkdftfb @tkn`k 6

N'kutorf :

N'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk, oee` 5

@hhke`d` sktfnn`tkr` aohf #OpfdIktk ;;

@n juturo ifnn'ossfrvkz odf ifnnk Yfrrk ik sktfnn`tf ;:

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@n prfsfdtf fi `n juturoifnn'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk ik

sktfnn`tf

[ukn í no safdkr`o kttuknf if` sktfnn`t` d orc`tk pfr n'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk, qukn`

nf akrkttfr`st`amf ifnnf `hhke`d` amf kaqu`s`saodo? F qukn` sodo nf opportud`tç i`

ut`n`zzo i` qufst` ikt` sktfnn`tkr`, amf sodo i`spod`c`n` pfr no p`ð su cksf

aohhfra`knf, hk `d knaud` aks` kdamf aod n`afdzf amf df aodsfdtodo n'uso `d

hoikn`tç n`cfrk f erktu`tk?

[ufsto f-coob trkttk i` qufsto f ifn juturo ifn

tfnfr`nfvkhfdto ik sktfnn`tf, aod nf h`ss`od` e`ç opfrkt`vf

f qufnnf amf skrkddo kvv`ktf ik opfrktor` aohhfra`kn` f

iknn‐Kefdz`k Qpkz`knf Furopfk dfnn‐khc`to i` Aopfrd`aus,

`n proerkhhk furopfo pfr n'ossfrvkz`odf sktfnn`tkrf ifnnk

Yfrrk.

Hkss`ho \ott` aodi`v`if kdamf v`s`od` f prospftt`vf

juturf sunnf duovf jrodt`frf ifn tfnfr`nfvkhfdto,

aod n‐kvvfdto i` h`d` f h`aro sktfnn`t`, f sunnf

qufst`od` postf iknnk arfsafdtf i`spod`c`n`tç i` ikt`.

© DKQK

7/23/2019 Geo4Dummies - Il Presente e Il Futuro Dell’Osservazione Della Terra Da Satellite

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@djorhkz`od` sunn'f-coob

Kutorf

Hkss`ho \ott` 

Fi`torf

Wnkdftfb @tkn`k Q.r.n. 

Z`k Hksskuk, ;3 - @-57;13 Ckr`, @tkn`k. Sfj< pbh773-5;9-;.7

Aop`k erktu`tk

[ufsto ioauhfdto í i`str`cu`to aod n`afdzk Arfkt`vf Aohhods, i`spod`c`nf su

mttp<//arfkt vfaohhods.ore/ n`afdsfs/cy-di/9.7/iffi.`t

Iovf dod spfa`j`akto, ` hkram` aohhfra`kn` f ` noem` sodo propr`ftç if` r`spftt`v` t`tonkr`.

J`rst Wucn`smfi us`de Wkpyrus, 37;6

Wfr hkee`or` `djorhkz`od`, aodtkttkrf n'ujj`a`o hkrbft`de i` Wnkdftfb @tkn`k kn duhfro +10 7=7 0:99377 o

knn'`di`r`zzo `djo G pnkdftfb.`t .

Dodostkdtf oed` prfakuz`odf prfsk iurkdtf nk prfpkrkz`odf i` qufsto fcoob, n'fi`torf f n'kutorf dod s`

kssuhodo knaudk rfspodskc`n`tç pfr frror` o oh`ss`od`, o pfr qukns`ks` ikddo r`suntkdtf iknn'ut`n`zzo ifnnf

`djorhkz`od` aodtfdutf dfnn'opfrk.

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Wnkdftfb @tkn`k

Wnkdftfb @tkn`k í udk WH@ jodiktk dfn ;009 amf `hp`fek 96 uoh`d` f ioddf, kppkss`odktf f

aohpftfdt` `d Efohkt`ak, sonuz`od` spkz`kn` f sa`fdzf ifnnk Yfrrk.

Jord`kho sonuz`od` `d erkio i` uskrf kn hfen`o `n vknorf if` ikt` efospkz`kn` kttrkvfrso tuttf nf

jks` ifn a`ano i` v`tk if` ikt`< kaqu`s`z`odf, kram`v`kz`odf, efst`odf, kdkn`s` f aodi`v`s`odf.

Opfr`kho `d hont` akhp` i` kppn`akz`odf, amf spkz`kdo ikn hod`torkee`o khc`fdtknf f ifn

tfrr`tor`o, knn'opfd-eovfrdhfdt f knnf shkrt a`t`fs, knnf sonuz`od` pfr nk i`jfsk f nk s`aurfzzk, j`do

knnf h`ss`od` sa`fdt`j`amf f i` fspnorkz`odf pnkdftkr`k.

Nf pr`da`pkn` krff i` ktt`v`tç sodo<

• Fnkcorkz`odf ikt` sktfnn`tkr`, kfrf` f ik irod` pfr nk proiuz`odf i`akrtoerkj`k f `djorhkz`od`

efoerkj`amf2

• Wroefttkz`odf f sv`nuppo i` `djrkstrutturf i` ikt` spkz`kn` (QI@) pfrn'kram`v`kz`odf if` ikt`

efospkz`kn` f nk noro efst`odf f aodi`v`s`odf2

• Wroefttkz`odf f sv`nuppo i` sonuz`od` cksktf su ikt` i` efo-

noakn`zzkz`odf `d tfhpo rfknf, kttrkvfrso s`stfh` i` pos`z`odkhfdto, qukn` EWQ/Ekn`nfo/EDQQ f

s`stfh` i` noakn`zzkz`odf `dioor2

• Qv`nuppo i` sojtwkrf pfr n'fnkcorkz`odf if` ikt` f ifnnf `hhke`d` kcorio if` sktfnn`t` f pfr nf

`djrkstrutturf ifn sfehfdto i` tfrrk.

Wnkdftfb @tkn`k í kdamf r`vfdi`torf if` sojtwkrf Mfxkeod Efospkt`kn / @dtfrerkpm f jord`torf i` ikt`

i` `hhke`d` sktfnn`tkr`.

@n eruppo Wnkdftfb í aohposto ik qukttro soa`ftç aod sfif `d @tkn`k f `d Erfa`k fi í ktt`vo dfn

hfrakto dkz`odknf fi `dtfrdkz`odknf.

Wnkdftfb @tkn`k í strutturktk `d qukttro Qtrktfe`a Cus`dfss Vd`t joakn`zzktf su hfrakt` i`vfrs`<

Eovfrdhfdt & Qfaur`ty, Furopfkd @dst`tut`ods, Qpkaf Qystfhs, Cus`dfss to Cus`dfss.

Wfr untfr`or` djorhkz`od`<

Q`to wfc< www.pnkdftfb.`t 

Jkafcoob< www.jkafcoob.aoh/pnkdftfb

Yw`ttfr< www.tw`ttfr.aoh/pnkdftfb

N`dbfi@d< www.n`dbfi`d.aoh/aohpkdy/pnkdftfb-`tkn`k 

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N'kutorf

Hkss`ho \ott` (;053) í Nkurfkto `d Faodoh`k k Ckr` aod udk tfs` i` nkurfk sunn‐usoif` ikt` tfnfr`nfvkt` `d khc`fdtf E@Q, fi mk sfeu`to ` aors` i` tfnfr`nfvkhfdto f

efohkt`ak prfsso n‐`st`tuto i` efoerkj`k ifnn‐Vd`vfrs`tç ifen` Qtui` i` Dkdtfs, `d

Jrkda`k.

Opfrk ikn ;00= `d Wnkdftfb @tkn`k s.r.n. fi í oee` k akpo ifnnk Cus`dfss Vd`t

„Eovfrdhfdt & Qfaur`ty‘ ifnn‐kz`fdik, aod rfspodskc`n`tç su` hfrakt` ifnnk

Wuccn`ak Khh`d`strkz`odf dkz`odknf fi `dtfrdkz`odknf. F‐ rfspodskc`nf ifn

cus`dfss ifvfnophfdt sun hfrakto ifnnk I`jfsk, aurk nf rfnkz`od` aod ` Bfy

Kaaoudt `d khc`to h`n`tkrf f sfeuf nf ktt`v`tç i` Wnkdftfb @tkn`k dfnn‐khc`to ifnnk

r`afrak h`n`tkrf.

Kppkss`odkto prohotorf if` tfh` rfnkt`v` knnk Efo-@AY fi knn‐ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk, ikn 3779 mk

orekd`zzkto ` sfh`dkr` `t`dfrkdt` erktu`t` svont` ik Wnkdftfb @tkn`k df` pr`da`pkn` akponuoem` i` prov`da`k `tkn`kd`

(„Nk A`ttç k ; hftro‘ f „Qpkaf9A`ty‘) amf dfn aorso ifen` kdd` mkddo toaakto 35 a`ttç, aod n‐oc`ftt`vo i`

kvv`a`dkrf ` potfdz`kn` utfdt` k` tfh` ifnn'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk f ifnnk aodi`v`s`odf i` ikt` efospkz`kn` su

Ufc.

Ikn 377= mk kpfrto ud cnoe pfrsodknf, www.hkss`hozott`.`t, amf trkttk kreohfdt` rfnkt`v` knn‐ossfrvkz`odf

ifnnk Yfrrk fi knn‐`dtfropfrkc`n`tç if` s`stfh` E@Q, f aurk nk rfikz`odf ifn hkekz`df sfhfstrknf Efo]pfr`fdaf

i` Wnkdftfb @tkn`k.

F' rfjfrfdtf pfr Wnkdftfb @tkn`k dfnn‐khc`to ifnn‐Opfd Efospkt`kn Aodsort`uh (OEA®), i` au` Wnkdftfb @tkn`k í

Hfhcro Kssoa`kto, fi mk aost`tu`to n Eruppo tkn`kdo i` dtfrfssf pfr @DQW@SF sun Joruh dtfrdkz`odknf amf

prohuovf nf `d`z`kt`vf nfektf knnk I`rftt`vk Furopfk pfr n‐`dtfropfrkc`n`tç if` ikt` efoerkj`a`.

F‐ `n rfjfrfdtf pfr Wnkdftfb @tkn`k ifnn‐kssoa`kz`odf Qtkt` Efdfrkn` ifnn'@ddovkz`odf  f ifnnk suo amkptfr

puen`fsf QE@-Wuen`k, amf prohuovf ktt`vkhfdtf ` tfh` ifnn'`ddovkz`odf f ifnn'opfd bdownfief. Qost`fdf nf

`d`z`kt`vf ifnn'kssoa`kz odf OpfdEfoIktk @tkn`k f ifnn‐@st`tuto @tkn`kdo OpfdIktk.

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N'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk, oee`

@ sktfnn`t` d orc`tk kttordo knnk Yfrrk sodo orhk` ud duhfro `darfi`c`nf. Qvkr`ktf ifa`df sodo sono qufnn` pfrn'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk opfrkt`v`, f po` a` sodo qufnn` pfr nf tfnfaohud akz`od`, pfr nk dkv`ekz`odf aohf

EWQ f qufnn` i` Ekn`nfo, faa.

Kttuknhfdtf `n sktfnn`tf pfr n'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk amf kaqu`s`saf `hhke`d` aod `n p`ð knto n`vfnno i`

ifttken`o í UorniZ`fw-1 i` I`e`tknEnocf, amf rkee`udef udk r`sonuz`odf

spkz`knf i` 17 ah k tfrrk.

Yrfdtk afdt`hftr` s`ed`j`ak amf ud p`xfn ifnn'`hhke`df í erkdif qukdto

udk hkttodfnnk ifn ckedo, qu`di` st`kho pkrnkdio i` ud n`vfnno i`

ifttken`o knt`ss`ho.

Vd n`vfnno i` ifttken`o v`s`vo aosî knto pfrhfttf i` r`aodosafrf dod sono

nk prfsfdzk i` pkrt`aonkr` oeeftt` sunnk supfrj`a`f tfrrfstrf ("ud kfrfo")

hk kdamf qukn`tç spfa`j`amf i` qufst` oeeftt` ("ud Cof`de 595 amf stk jkafdio r`jord`hfdto f stk akr`akdio

` ckeken`, f qu`di` s` kpprfstk kn ifaonno"). En` ut`n`zz` kppn`akt`v` i` qufst` ikt` aohf s` puó `hhke`dkrf sodo

stfrh`dkt`, iknn'`dtfnn`efdaf h`n`tkrf knn'urckd`st`ak, pfr krr`vkrf kn hod`torkee`o khc`fdtknf fi knnf

fhfrefdzf.

Qodo sfhprf p`ð duhfros` ` sktfnn`t` `d orc`tk amf hodtkdo sfdsor` `d erkio i` jord`ra` `hhke`d` aod

r`sonuz`odf suc-hftr`ak. Nf am`kh`kho ZMS, Zfry M`em Sfsonut`od. Oee` qufstf `hhke`d` sodo i`spod`c`n`

fsanus`vkhfdtf su cksf aohhfra`knf2 `n noro aosto i'kaqu`sto, k pkr`tç i` r`sonuz`odf, stk pfró nfeefrhfdtf

safdifdio aod `n pksskrf ifn tfhpo, hkd hkdo amf i`vfdtkdo i`spod`c`n` aohhfra`knhfdtf duov` ikt` aod

hkee`orf r`sonuz`odf spkz`knf f spfttrknf. @n prfzzo oee` vk ik ud h`d`ho i` udk iozz`dk i` Furo kn am`nohftro

qukiro, pfr ud'`hhke`df e`ç i` udk iozz`dk i` Furo kn am`nohftro qukiro, pfr ud'`hhke`df e`ç prfsfdtf d

kram`v`o, k i`vfrsf ifa`df i` Furo kn bhq pfr nf `hhke`d` amf `n sktfnn`tf kaqu`s`saf kppos`tkhfdtf, su

r`am`fstk ifen` utfdt`.

Ontrf knn'fnfvktk r`sonuz`odf spkz`knf, qufst` sktfnn`t` sodo pfró kdamf `d erkio i` kaqu`s`rf `hhke`d` aod udk

sfhprf hkee`orf r`sonuz`odf spfttrknf, "jotoerkjkdio" a`oí nk supfrj`a`f tfrrfstrf `d porz`od` ifnno spfttro

fnfttrohkedft`ao dod v`s`c`n` ki oaam`o duio. Wkrn`kho ifnn'`djrkrossoo ifnn'untrkv`onftto. N'kdkn`s` i` `hhke`d` hunt`spfttrkn` aod qufsto

n`vfnno i` ifttken`o, amf s` puó jkrf kntfrdkdio nk aohc`dkz`odf ifnnf

i`vfrsf ckdif aod sojtwkrf iknn'ut`n`zzo `dtu`t`vo - aohf `n h`o

prfjfr`to, FSIKQ @hke`df - pfrhfttf i` aohprfdifrf jfdohfd` dod

v`s`c`n` ki oaam`o duio, s`k sunnk supfrj`a`f tfrrfstrf amf dfn hkrf. Df

mo pkrnkto vkr`f vontf sun h`o cnoe. 

Dfnn'`hhke`df i` j`kdao s` vfif aohf s`k poss`c`nf r`aodosafrf ifttken`

"sottohkr`d`" `d udk zodk aost`frk.

F' `hportkdtf aods`ifrkrf amf i` sktfnn`t` `d erkio i` kaqu`s`rf `hhke`d` aod r`sonuz`odf suc-hftr`ak, `d

orc`tk, oee` af d'í p`ð i'udo. Nk sonk I`e`tknEnocf df efst`saf 9, aohf s` vfif `d qufsto v`ifo.

J`eurk ; Kdkn`s` ckt`hftr`ak aod sktfnn`tf

UorniZ`fw-3 - arfi`ts I`e`tknEnocf 

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J`eurk 3 mttps<//youtu.cf/\Kl]Zp-Hu6F

Qf voen`kho pkrnkrf pfró i` sktfnn`t` amf opfrkdo aohf udk vfrk aostfnnkz`odf, iocc`kho eukrikrf aohf

judz`odkdo ` iuf Wnà`kifs. Efst`t` ik K@SCVQ Ifjfdsf & Qpkaf, sodo iuf sktfnn`t` `ifdt`a` amf jord`saodo

`hhke`d` aod r`sonuz`odf j`do k 67ah k tfrrk. Nk poss`c`n`tç i` kee`ordkrf `n p`kdo i` tksb`de j`do k 1 vontf kn

e`ordo jk s` amf qufstk aostfnnkz`odf s`k ikvvfro honto fjj`a`fdtf dfnnf suf kaqu`s`z`od`. Kdamf sf dod

rkee`udeodo nk strkori`dkr`k r`sonuz`odf if` sktfnn`t` i` I`e`tknEnocf, pfrhfttodo i` fjjfttukrf hod`torkee`

ikvvfro honto jrfqufdt` su udk stfssk krfk - sf nf aodi`z`od` hftfo sodo anfhfdt` aohf s` vfif dfn v`ifo

sfeufdtf.

J`eurk 1 mttps<//youtu.cf/Us7`FA\3097

Ontrf k` sktfnn`t` amf jord`saodo `hhke`d` ZMS, af df sodo po` tkdt` amf jord`saodo `hhke`d` ki kntk (f dod

knt`ss`hk) r`sonuz`odf, kttordo k` 6 hftr` pfr p`xfn fi aod r`sonuz`od` arfsafdt`. Kdirfccfro a`tkt` qu` en` QWOY

6 f : opfrkt` i` duovo ik K`rcus IQ, nk aostfnnkz`odf i` CnkabCr`ief, ` sktfnn`t` i` If`hos faa., hk dod sto qu`

k jkrf n'fnfdao< ` p`ð aur`os` possodo aodsuntkrf n'fnfdao i` tuttf nf h`ss`od` FO opfrkt`vf `d orc`tk f kdamfquknaudk d pkrtfdzk dfn pross`ho juturo.

Amf s` safnek i` ut`n`zzkrf ud sono sktfnn`tf o udk aostfnnkz`odf i` sktfnn`t`,

nk arfsafdtf r`sonuz`odf tfhporknf jkvor`saf n'ut`n`zzo i` qufstk r`sorsf

spkz`kn` pfr ktt`v`tç i` hod`torkee`o. Wfr r`sonuz`odf tfhporknf s` `dtfdif

nk akpka`tç ifn sktfnn`tf i` fjjfttukrf kaqu`s`z`od` su udk stfssk krfk, aod

pksskee` r`pftut` k i`stkdzk i` poamf sftt`hkdf o e`ord`.

Aohf s` vfif dfnn'fsfhp`o k nkto, `n sktfnn`tf s` r`vfnk nk sonuz`odf p`ð

fjj`a`fdtf pfr `n aodtronno i` erkdi` opfrf o i` krff soeefttf k

akhc`khfdt` jrfqufdt`, k akusk i` `dtfrvfdt` ifnn'uoho o pfr jkttor` khc`fdtkn`, `d tutt` ` aks` `d au` n'krfk

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dod s`k kcckstkdzk vkstk ik e`ust`j`akrf ` aost` aoddfss` ki ud sorvono kfrfo, hk kn tfhpo stfsso s`k troppo

erkdif o dod kikttk pfr fssfrf jotoerkjktk aod ud irodf.

Erkz`f k` aost` aodtfdut` ifnnf kaqu`s`z`od` sktfnn`tkr`, í qu`di` sfhprf p`ð jrfqufdtf n'ut`n`zzo i` qufstk

tfadonoe`k i` r`n`fvo pfr ktt`v`tç i` hod`torkee`o.

@d`z`kdo `dvfaf ki fssfrf supfrkt`, orhk`, en` ut`n`zz` nfekt` knnk proiuz`odf i` akrtoerkj`k "trki`z`odknf", pfr` qukn` nf joto kfrff sodo sfaodio hf nk sonuz`odf h`en`orf. K hfdo amf udo dod kcc`k c`soedo i` arfkrf ik

zfro akrtoerkj k kaaurktk i` quknamf krfk dfspnorktk ifnn'Kjr`ak o i` kntr` post` spfriut` ifn hodio< d qufst`

aks` ud'kaqu`s`z`odf stfrfosaop`ak i` ud ikto k 97ah i` r`sonuz`odf kss`aurk udk cksf `djorhkt`vk i`

strkori`dkr`k qukn`tç pfr ifr`vkrf akrtoerkj`k fstrfhkhfdtf ifttken`ktk. 

Qfaodio hf qufnno ifn hod`torkee`o í `n vfro juturo ifnn'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk ZMS. Arfio amf n'kuhfdto

ifnnk r`sonuz`odf pfr ` sktfnn`t` possk kvfrf sfdso pfr knaudf kppn`akz`od`, hk sfaodio hf r`spodif p`ð k

noe`amf i` tfadonoey pusm amf dod ki udk rfknf iohkdik ifnn'utfdzk.

Wkrno dod sono ifnnk r`sonuz`odf spkz`knf, hk kdamf i` qufnnk spfttrknf. Oee`, aohf i`af kdamf E`ovkdd`

Qynos Nkc`d` `d qufstk  `dtfrv`stk,  í `dvfaf `hportkdtf pr`v`nfe`krf safntf strktfe`amf amf port`do knnk

aostruz`odf i` s`stfh` f kppn`akz`od` rfknhfdtf ut`n` ken` utfdt`.

Nk i`jj`aontç ki `dtfrafttkrf udk rfknf iohkdik ifnn'utfdzk puccn`ak f pr`vktk ifr`vk kdamf iknnf strktfe`f

aohhfra`kn` if` iktk prov`ifrs, amf k vontf n` portkdo k ifj`d`rf prfzz` kssuri` pfr ` ikt` aod nf r`sonuz`od`

p`ð kntf, o pon`t`amf i` n`afdzk if` ikt` amf df n`h`tkdo jortfhfdtf n'ut`n`zzo pfr i`str`cu`rf ` proiott` ifr`vkt`

iknnf `hhke`d` aod vknorf kee`udto.

I` qufsto i`sautfvo quknamf e`ordo jk aod ` a`dfs` i` 3;KY, amf mkddo kppfdk nkda`kto 1 h`d` sktfnn`t` jktt`

ik QQYN f amf, kdamf sf mkddo "sono" ; hftro i` r`sonuz`odf, possodo s`aurkhfdtf jkrf nk i`jjfrfdzk aohf

aostfnnkz`odf or`fdtktk knnf kaqu`s`z`od` jrfqufdt` pfr `n hod`torkee`o. @n noro suaafsso i`pfdifrçiknn'fjj`a`fdzk ifnnk aostfnnkz`odf fi ovv`khfdtf ikn pos`z`odkhfdto aohhfra`knf ifnnk noro ojjfrtk.

Wfr fsfhp`o ud kntro aodtr`cuto i` erkdif vknorf ik pkrtf if` sktfnn`t` ZMS stk dfn supporto amf ojjrodo `d

s`tukz`od` i` fhfrefdzk. Fssfdio sfhprf `d orc`tk, `d akso i`

aodi`z`od` hftfo jkvorfvon` possodo jka`nhfdtf ki kaqu`s`rf hhke`d`

su krff ar`t`amf< qufnnk amf sfeuf í n'`hhke`df kaqu`s`tk sunnk afdtrknf

duanfkrf i` Jubusm`hk d E`kppodf iopo `n hkrfhoto ifn 37;;.

Am` í krr`vkto j`d qu` k nfeefrf fi í prfoaaupkto pfr nk suk pr`vkay,

sfdtfdios` "sp`kto" ik tuttf qufstf jotoakhfrf aostkdtfhfdtf `d

orc`tk dfnno spkz`o, puó r`nksskrs` skpfdio amf qufst` sktfnn`t`

kttuknhfdtf mkddo if` n`h`t` dfnnk akpka`tç i` kaqu`s`z`odf nfekt` knnf orc`tf fi k safntf proefttukn` amf

portkdo ` sktfnn`t` i` au` kcc`kho pkrnkto qu` soprk, pfr fsfhp`o, k jkrf `d efdfrf kaqu`s`z`od` sunn'@tkn`k

sfhprf trk nf ;7<77 f nf ;;<17 KH. [u`di` hk` i` pohfr`ee`o2 f po` k vontf a'í aktt`vo tfhpo o

sfhpn`afhfdtf í duvonoso.

Qf knnork voen`kho kaqu`s`rf `hhke`d` `d qufstf aodi`z`od` hftfo o `d

kntrf orf ifn e`ordo (o pfrs`do ifnnk dottf!) sfdsor` k corio if` sktfnn`t`

i` au` kcc`kho pkrnkto j`dork pfró dod sfrvodo< faao amf knnork

poss`kho sjruttkrf ` sfdsor` sktfnn`tkr` i` t`po SKIKS.

Nf `hhke`d` SKIKS sodo ifa`skhfdtf i`vfrsf ik qufnnf i` au` kcc`kho

pkrnkto j`dork pframà sodo kaqu`s`tf ik sfdsor` amf, kdz`amà r`nfvkrf nk

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rki`kz`odf fnfttrohkedft`ak fhfssk ikn sonf f r`jnfssk iknnk supfrj`a`f tfrrfstrf, `dv`kdo fss` stfss` ud

sfedknf fnfttrohkedft`ao sunnk Yfrrk f aknaonkdo po` qukdt`tç f jorhk ifn sfedknf r`jnfsso2 nf `hhke`d`

r`suntkdt` ik qufsto proafsso sodo "strkdf" f i`jj`a`n` ik uskrf pfr utfdt` dod fspfrt`, hk ojjrodo k am` sk

uskrnf fdorh` djorhkz`od` ut`n` pfr tkdt`ss`hf kppn`akz od`.

Qfdsor` SKIKS ki Kpfrturk Q`dtft`ak (QKS) sodo hodtkt` k corio if` qukttro sktfnn`t` amf aohpodeodo nk

aostfnnkz`odf Aosho-QbyHFI, `n j`orf knn'oaam`fnno ifnn'`diustr`k kfrospkz`knf `tkn`kdk, amf í `d erkio i`

kaqu`s`rf r`pftutkhfdtf `hhke`d` QKS su udk stfssk krfk k i`stkdzk kdamf i` poamf orf, i` e`ordo o i` dottf,

aod `n sonf o aod nk p`oee`k (kdamf i` qufsto mo pkrnkto p`ð vontf sun h`o cnoe).

Qf qufstf hhke`d` sodo i`jj`a`n` ik dtfrprftkrf ki oaam`o duio, i'kntro akdto sodo ut`n`ss`hf sf kdkn`zzktf

aodjrodtkdionf aod ikt` kaqu`s`t` sunnk stfssk krfk d tfhp` i`vfrs`.

N'kdkn`s` ifnnk aofrfdzk trk nf iuf `hhke`d` jord`saf `djorhkz`od` su

fvfdtukn` akhc`khfdt` ifn tfrr`tor`o o su jfdohfd` `d aorso. F'

poss`c`nf jkrf kdamf i`vfrsf h`surkz`od` ifnnk pos`z`odf i` udo stfssooeeftto kn suono (pfr fsfhp`o ud pkno ifnnk nuaf), erkz`f knn'kdkn`s` ifnnk

jksf ifn sfedknf i` r`tordo, aodjrodtkdio ` ikt` kaqu`s`t` ik udo stfsso

sktfnn`tf `d hohfdt` i`vfrs` o ik p`ð sktfnn`t` i` udk aostfnnkz`odf.

I`jjfrfdzf kdamf h`d`hf ifnnk quotk o ifnnk pos`z`odf ifnno stfsso

oeeftto possodo svfnkrf spostkhfdt` kdamf i` poam` afdt`hftr` ifn

suono, `n amf rfdif qufstf kppn`akz`od` fstrfhkhfdtf ut`n` dfn hod`torkee`o f dfnnk prfvfdz`odf if`

jfdohfd` jrkdos`, ontrf amf i` hov`hfdt` ifnnk arostk tfrrfstrf pfr jfdohfd` i` sucs`ifdzk o kntro.

Ontrf k` qukttro sktfnn`t` i` Aosho-QbyHfi a'í kdamf nk aopp`k i` sktfnn`t` YfrrkQKS-] f YkdIFH-] i` K`rcus

IQ `d erkio i` jord`rf `hhke`d` QKS aod r`sonuz`odf j`do ki ud hftro, f duovf h`ss`od` sodo `d jksf i`

rfkn`zzkz odf< trk qufstf vk sfedknktf ovv`khfdtf nk sfaodik efdfrkz`odf i` Aosho-QbyHfi, amf prfvfif

`n nkda`o ifn pr`ho sktfnn`tf ifnnk duovk aostfnnkz`odf jrk poao p`ð i` 3 kdd`.

Dfn jrkttfhpo pfró í opfrkt`vo `d orc`tk kttordo knnk Yfrrk ud sktfnn`tf SKIKS amf mk akhc`kto nf rfeonf

ifn e`oao. Kdamf sf dod ojjrf nk r`sonuz`odf i` au` kcc`kho pkrnkto j`dork, Qfdt`dfn-; jord`saf hhke`d` QKS

`d hkd`frk erktu`tk f aod udk n`afdzk i` t`po opfd. 

Ifnnf h`ss`od` Qfdt`dfn, ifn proerkhhk Aopfrd`aus f i` tuttf nf kntrf opportud`tç i` ottfdfrf erktu`tkhfdtf

ikt` sktfnn`tkr` aod n`afdzf opfd, pkrnfrfho dfn pross`ho akp`tono.

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@hhke`d` sktfnn`tkr` aohf #OpfdIktk

Zfi`kho `d amf hoio nk pon`t`ak furopfk sun n`cfro kaafsso k` ikt` sktfnn`tkr` ifnnf h`ss`od` Qfdt`dfn st`kakhc`kdio nf rfeonf ifn e`oao, dfn hfrakto ifnn'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk.

Dfn akp`tono prfafifdtf `djktt` kcc`kho pkrnkto i` sktfnn`t` aohhfra`kn`, ovvfro amf kaqu`s`saodo `hhke`d`

amf po` vfdeodo vfdiutf sun hfrakto i`rfttkhfdtf iken` opfrktor` sktfnn`tkr` o ik noro pkrtdfr. Qf j`do k

quknamf kddo jk n'ud`ao hoio i` ut`n`zzkrf `hhke`d` sktfnn`tkr` frk kaqu`stkrdf udk n`afdzk i'uso, ik ud po'

i` tfhpo k qufstk pkrtf quknaosk stk akhc`kdio.

Vd pk`o i'kdd` jk, qukdio kdaork `d Aohh`ss`odf

Furopfk s` i`sautfvk ifnnf strktfe`f i` n`afds`de

pfr ` ikt` kaqu`s`t` iknnf h`ss`od` sktfnn`tkr` ifnproerkhhk Aopfrd`aus, su qufsto cnoe kvfvo

sp`fekto pframà nf iktk pon`ay or`fdtktf knnk

n`cfrkz`odf if` ikt` sodo p`ð sfdsktf f

vkdtkee`osf dfn hfi`o-nudeo pfr`oio. @d

qufnn'krt`aono pkrnkvo ifnnf safntf ifnn'VQEQ

khfr`akdo a`rak ` ikt` ifnnf pr`hf = h`ss`od`

Nkdiskt, amf kdaork oee` sodo kaafss`c`n` erktu`tkhfdtf, fi kntrfttkdto kaakirç aod ` ikt` ifnnk h`ss`odf

Nkdiskt 0 amf skrç nkda`ktk jrk = kdd`.

Wo` sodo pkrt`tf nf pr`hf h`ss`od` Qfdt`dfn, aod ud kpproaa`o honto p`ð `dtferkto r`spftto kn proerkhhk

Nkdiskt, pframà nk strktfe`k furopfk, kdz`amà ki ud sono sktfnn`tf, í fstfsk ki ud p`kdo pnur`fddknf f

khc`z`oso amf prfvfif `n nkda`o i` svkr`kt` sktfnn`t` i` i`vfrso t`po. Qktfnn`t` amf kaqu`s`saodo o kaqu`s`rkddo

ikt` kaafss`c`n` fi uskc`n` n`cfrkhfdtf, dsohhk if` vfr` f propr` Opfd Iktk sktfnn`tkr`.

Yutto qufsto kaakif dfnn'khc`to ifn proerkhhk Aopfrd`aus, amf hont`

aodosaodo aod `n vfaam`o dohf EHFQ, f amf vuonf r`spodifrf knnk

iohkdik i` sfrv`z` i` ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk `d Furopk. Wfr qufsto `n

proerkhhk hfttf k i`spos`z`odf ifen` Qtkt` furopf` ` aos`iiftt` Aorf

Qfrv`afs, pfr `n hod`torkee`o ifn suono, if` hkr`, ifnn'kthosjfrk, if`

akhc`khfdt` an`hkt`a`, f pfr nk efst`odf ifnnf fhfrefdzf f ifnnk

s`aurfzzk. [ufst` sfrv`z` hfttodo k i`spos`z`odf if` a`ttki`d` furopf`

ikt` (sktfnn`tkr` hk dod sono) o kntr` sfrv`z`< ki fsfhp`o, pfr `n

hod`torkee`o ifn suono, n'Kefdz`k Furopfk pfr n'Khc`fdtf (FFK) s` oaaupk i` proiurrf o kee`ordkrf hkppf

tfhkt`amf ki kntk r`sonuz`odf i` tuttk n'Furopk rfnkt`vf knnf supfrj`a` krt`j`a`kn , knnf krff jorfstktf faa., amf

tuttf `ds`fhf pfrhfttodo i` tfdfrf sotto aodtronno nk aopfrturk ifn suono (aod nf hkppf Aor`df Nkdi Aovfr).

Kdamf en` output if` Aorf Qfrv`afs sodo efdfrknhfdtf i`spod`c`n` aohf

Opfd Iktk, f qufstk í nk erossk opportud`tç hk kdamf nk sj`ik i` Aopfrd`aus pfr n'Furopk< sjruttkrf ` proiott`

k vknorf kee`udto fi ` ikt` sktfnn`tkr` opfd pfr sv`nuppkrf udk akpka`tç honto p`ð erkdif i` qufnnk kttuknf

dfnnk rfkn`zzkz`odf i` sfrv`z` fi kppn`akz`od`, amf s`kdo rfknhfdtf ut`n`, faodoh`akhfdtf sostfd`c`n`, fi

or`fdtkt` k soii`sjkrf udk rfknf iohkdik ifen` utfdt`.

J`eurk 9 Nkdiskt 0 - Arfi`ts< www.dksk.eov  

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Qodo ` aos`iiftt` sfrv`z` iowdstrfkh, trk au` r`fdtrkdo kdamf nf kppn`akz`od` aohhfra`kn` amf aostru`sakdo

Zknorf Kee`udto su ikt` tfnfr`nfvkt` ik sktfnn`tf - aohhfra`kn` o Opfd. @ sfrv`z` iowdstrfkh sfr` `d rfkntç

skddo sjruttkrf dod sono ` ikt` sktfnn`tkr`, hk kdamf nf `djorhkz`od` f en` kntr` ikt` rfs` i`spod`c`n` ik` sfrv`z`

fssfdz`kn` amf vfdeodo ojjfrt` iknn'Vd`odf Furopfk, e`ç a`tkt` Aorf Qfrv`afs i` Aopfrd`aus.

@n potfdz`knf `d tfrh`d` i` hfrakto í strkori`dkr`o, f df pkrnkvo qu`. 

Qfdt`dfnnf spkz`kn`

Yord`kho k pkrnkrf ifnnf `hhke`d` sktfnn`tkr` i`spod`c`n` `d hkd`frk jrff f opfd. N'kddo saorso í stkto

nkda`kto Qfdt`dfn-;k, nk pr`hk ifnnf "sfdt`dfnnf", amf hodtk ud sfdsorf

SKIKS ki kpfrturk s`dtft`ak `d ckdik A. Dod mk nk r`sonuz`odf spkz`knf

dà tfhporknf i` Aosho-QbyHFI, i` au` kcc`kho pkrnkto nk saorsk

sftt`hkdk, pframà nk r`sonuz`odf spkz`knf krr`vk kn hkss`ho k 6 hftr` fi

`n tfhpo i` r`v`s`tk sunn'Furopk í i` a`rak : e`ord` (s` r`iurrç k 1 e`ord`

qukdio skrç `d orc`tk `n sktfnn`tf efhfnno Qfdt`dfn-;c), hk erkz`f knnk

poss`c`n`tç i` kaqu`s`rf ikt` `d qukns`ks` aodi`z`odf i` `nnuh`dkz`odf f i`

aopfrturk duvonosk, í fstrfhkhfdtf ut`nf pfr `n hod`torkee`o ifnnk tfrrkjfrhk f if` hkr`.

Nf akrkttfr`st`amf amf kcc`kho e`ç v`sto pfr nf kaqu`s`z`od` sktfnn`tkr` aod s`stfh` SKIKS sodo qufnnf amf

mkddo aodsfdt`to k Qfdt`dfn-; i` "`hhortknkrf" pfr fsfhp`o qufsto kvvfd`hfdto amf mk kvuto erosso

r`sknto dfnnf arodkamf i` qufst'fstktf< `n rfn`tto ifnnk Aostk Aodaori`k, r`horam`kto vfrso `n porto i` Efdovk.

Ik quknamf sftt`hkdk a` st`kho i`vfrtfdio k rkaaodtkrf aohf r`usa`kho k sjruttkrf qufst` ikt` pfr

hod`torkrf potfdz`kn` jfdohfd` i` i`ssfsto `iroefonoe`ao f prfvfd`rf hov`hfdt` jrkdos`. 

Iknno saorso 31 e`uedo í `d orc`tk kdamf Qfdt`dfn 3k, `n pr`ho i` iuf

sktfnn`t` hunt`spfttrkn` pfdskt` pfr hod`torkrf no stkto i` sknutf ifnp`kdftk, aod pkrt`aonkrf kttfdz`odf knnk vfeftkz`odf tfrrfstrf< jorfstf,

p`kdtke`od`, zodf ker`aonf faa.

Kdamf nk h`ss`odf Qfdt`dfn 3 prfvfif `n nkda`o i` iuf sktfnn`t`, ifst`dkt

k r`daorrfrs` pfr tuttk nk noro v`tk vonkdio ken` kdt`poi` udo ifnn'kntro.

@ sfdsor` i` Qfdt`dfn 3 sodo i` t`po ott`ao f ekrkdt`saodo `hhke`d` `d ;1 ckdif hunt`spfttrkn`, aod r`sonuz`odf

ik ;7 hftr` j`do k :7 hftr`. F' `dtfrfsskdtf dotkrf amf no swktm (n'khp`fzzk i` r`prfsk) i` Qfdt`dfn ; í i` cfd

307 bh< udk vontk f hfzzk qufnnk ifn Nkdiskt, aohf s` vfif dfnn'`hhke`df kaakdto, amf í nk pr`hk kaqu`s`tk

sunn'@tkn`k, kppfdk qukttro e`ord` iopo nk hfssk `d orc`tk. Q` r`aodosaf nk N`eur`k f pkrtf ifnnk Aostk Kzzurrk.Erkz`f k qufstk erossk akpka`tç i` r`prfsk, qukdio skrç opfrkt`vo kdamf Qfdt`dfn-3k `n tfhpo i` r`v`s`tk

sunn'Furopk skrç i` son` 1 e`ord`.

Nf ;1 ckdif hunt`spfttrkn` i` qufsto sktfnn`tf aoprodo ud'khp`k porz`odf ifnno spfttro fnfttrohkedft`ao,

ikn v`s`c`nf knn'`djrkrosso v`a`do, j`do knn'`djrkrosso ki odif aortf, f jord`rkddo djorhkz`od` hportkdt`ss`hf

sunno stkto ifnnk vfeftkz`odf, aohf s` `dtu`saf iknn'`hhke`df k j`kdao, amf rkjj`eurk `d jkns` aonor` ud trktto

ifnnk vknnf ifn j`uhf Wo. @dut`nf i`rf amf skrç strkori`dkr`o n aodtr`cuto if` sktfnn`t` Qfdt`dfn 3 knnk pross`hk

efdfrkz`odf i` proiott` efoerkj`a` amf s` potrkddo rfkn`zzkrf, trk hkppf i` aopfrturk ifn suono, ifnnf

jorfstf, ifnnf krff krt`j`a`kn` f v`k i`afdio. Kdaork p`ð `hportkdtf skrkddo ` proiott` amf ikrkddo fv`ifdzk

if` akhc`khfdt` `d aorso, pfr kdkn`zzkrf n'kdikhfdto i` afrt` jfdohfd` o aodtronnkrf n'fjjftto sun tfrr`tor`o

ifnnf pon`t`amf ifen` Qtkt` dfn tfhpo.

Fdtro nk j`df ifnn'kddo skrç nkda`kto kdamf Qfdt`dfn 1k,  ud kntro e`oakttonodf spkz`knf amf jord`rç

`djorhkz`od` su` dostr` hkr` f suen` oafkd`, iknnk tfhpfrkturk knnk qukn`tç ifnnf kaquf hkr`df, f tkdtf kntrf

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`djorhkz`od` ut`n` pfr nk s`aurfzzk, `n hod`torkee`o khc`fdtknf f no stui`o ifn an`hk. Df` pross`h` kdd`, po`,

pkrt`rkddo udo knnk vontk tutt` ` sktfnn`t` j`do k Qfdt`dfn :.

K` ikt` Qfdt`dfn í poss`c`nf kaafifrf e`ç ik tfhpo,prfv`k rfe`strkz`odf, trkh`tf `n portknf ifnn'Kefdz`k

Qpkz`knf Furopfk Qfdt`dfn Odn`df. 

Kcc`kho v`sto qu`di` amf nk pon`t`ak i` i`str`cuz`odf if` ikt` jrff f opfd i` Aopfrd`aus í pfdsktk pfr jkvor`rf

nk p`fdk kioz`odf ifnnf tfadonoe`f i` ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk ik pkrtf ifnn'Furopk, kn j`df i` ottfdfrf

cfdfj`a` i` t`po khc`fdtknf - hk kdamf faodoh`ao< ik tfhpo s` pkrnk i` ud hfrakto ik 17 h`n`kri` i` Furo f

i` ifa`df i` h`en`k`k i` duov` post` i` nkvoro fdtro `n 3717 (kdamf i` qufsto mo e`ç sar`tto qu`). [ufstf safntf

sodo aofrfdt` aod nf pon`t`amf amf n'Furopk pfrsfeuf r`spftto knnk n`cfrtç i'kaafsso knnf `djorhkz`od`

puccn`amf, aohf prfv`sto pfr fsfhp`o iknnk I`rftt`vk WQ@. 

Qf qufstf safntf v`rtuosf sunnk n`cfrkz`odf if` ikt` sktfnn`tkr` sodo rke`odfvon` f cfdvfdutf qukdio jkttf ik

ud'fdt`tç puccn`ak, jkddo ruhorf `dvfaf qukdio prfsf ik rfkntç aohhfra`kn` amf sunnk vfdi`tk if` ikt`

iovrfccfro ckskrf tuttk nk noro strktfe`k i` r`tordo suen` `dvfst`hfdt`. Kdam'`o sodo skntkto sunnk sfi`k

qukdio U`nn Hkrsmknn, AFO i` Wnkdft Nkcs, mk kdduda`kto k j`df sfttfhcrf amf kvrfccf n`cfrkto n'kaafsso

ki udk pkrtf if` ikt` ki kntk r`sonuz`odf kaqu`s`t` iknnk suk aostfnnkz`odf i` h`arosktfnn`t`.

J`eurk 6 mttps<//youtu.cf/tFEeUhKOI[= 

Hkrsmknn kvfvk jktto n'kdduda`o knn'kssfhcnfk ifnnf Dkz`od` Vd`tf, pkrnkdio ifn aodtr`cuto amf qufst` ikt`

kvrfccfro ikto ken` oc`ftt`v` ifnn'ODV pfr no sv`nuppo sostfd`c`nf. Kvfvo pfdskto qu`di` amf ` ikt` sktfnn`tkr`

amf Wnkdft Nkcs kvrfccf r`nksa`kto aod n`afdzf opfd skrfccfro stkt` qufnn` kaqu`s`t` sunnf krff p`ð povfrf

ifnn'Kjr`ak o ifnn'@di`k2 f h` sfhcrkvk e`ç udk cfnnk aosk. F `dvfaf faao amf quf` hkttkaam`od` nk sftt`hkdk

saorsk h` sorprfdiodo kdaork, pframà kprodo n'kaafsso knnk noro p`kttkjorhk (kdaork `d cftk) aod nf

`hhke`d` sktfnn`tkr` ifnnk Akn`jord`k! Aod n`afdzk AA CP QK 9.7, "aodi`v`i` knno stfsso hoio" amf s` kppn`ak

qu`di` kdamf k` proiott` k vknorf kee`udto efdfrkt` aod qufst` ikt`. @d kntrf pkronf Hkrsmknn i`af< `o t` jkaa`o

uskrf h`f` ikt` n`cfrkhfdtf, hk qukns`ks` aosk tu a` jkaa`k, ifv` rfdifrnk puccn`ak knno stfsso hoio.

Dod so pfr qukdto tfhpo qufst` ikt` sunnk Akn`jord`k rfstfrkddo kaafss`c`n` `d hoikn`tç opfd, hk qufsto í

i` afrto ud ott`ho hoio i` prohuovfrf f jkr aodosafrf nf potfdz`kn`tç ifnnk aostfnnkz`odf f ifnnf `hhke`d`

ki knt`ss`hk r`sonuz`odf i` Wnkdft Nkcs. I` qufst` h`arosktfnn`t`, amf rkpprfsfdtkdo ikvvfro udk erossk dov`tç

dfn sfttorf kfrospkz`knf, pkrnfró khp`khfdtf dfnnk pross`hk fi unt`hk pudtktk i` qufstk sfr`f i` krt`aon`

sun prfsfdtf f juturo ifnn'ossfrvkz odf ifnnk Yfrrk.

[ukdio s` pkrnk i` Opfd Iktk, f a` s` r`jfr`saf knnf `djorhkz`od` amf `n sfttorf puccn`ao iovrfccf rfdifrf

kaafss`c`n` pfr kss`aurkrf trkspkrfdzk f arfkrf opportud`tç i` cus`dfss, a` s` saodtrk spfsso aod en` kddos`procnfh` ifnnk hkdaktk krhod`zzkz`odf f `dtferkz`odf ifnnf ckdamf ikt`. @dvfaf, aohf i`af `n h`o kh`ao

Z`dafdzo Wktrudo, "sfrvodo opfd iktk ki kntk potfdz`kn`tç su au` efdfrkrf sfrv`z` or`fdtkt` knnk aodosafdzk".

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Faao< qufstf `hhke`d` sktfnn`tkr` opfd i` au` kcc`kho pkrnkto oee` poss`fiodo propr`o qufstf

akrkttfr`st`amf. Qodo ikt` i`spod`c`n` `d jorhkt` stkdikri, pur dfnnk noro vkr`ftç, f kee`ordkt`

jrfqufdtfhfdtf, i` knt`ss`hk qukn`tç f i`jjus` ik fdt` kjj`ikc`n`. @n hfen`o amf a` puó fssfrf pfr aostru`ra`

soprk ud cus`dfss iurkturo.

Nf `hhke`d` sktfnn`tkr` ik sonf, pfró, dod ckstkdo.

Aohf í saktur`to ik ud'`dike`df i` Fur`sy R;X i` ud pk`o i` kdd` jk, sf ik

ud nkto í ovv`o amf nk erktu`tç if` ikt` sktfnn`tkr` k`utk k supfrkrf qufen`

ostkaon` j`dkdz`kr` amf j`do k `fr` `hpfi`vkdo afrtkhfdtf n'kioz`odf

ifnnf tfadonoe`f sktfnn`tkr` i` ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk, dod c`soedk

trksaurkrf n'`hprfpkrkz`odf ifnn'utfdzk ki `dtfrprftkrf ` ikt` erfzz`.

Wkrn`kho i` ud'utfdzk projfss`odknf dfn sfttorf khc`fdtknf, ifnn'urckd`st`ak, ifnn'`defedfr`k f ifn eovfrdo

ifn tfrr`tor`o `d sfdso nkto, ovvfro qufnnk pkrtf ifnnk iohkdik, puccn`ak f pr`vktk, amf pfr pr`hk potrfccf

trkrrf cfdfj`a`o iknnk aodosafdzk ottfd`c`nf aod n'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk2 f amf pfró dod i`spodf ifnnf

aohpftfdzf tfad`amf pfr proafsskrf fi `dtfrprftkrf ` ikt` erfzz`, `dtferkrn` aod kntrf jodt` `djorhkt`vf, fproiurrf r`suntkt` - hkppf, df` aks` p`ð ovv`, prodtf ik fssfrf ut`n`zzktf df` s`stfh` djorhkt`v` efoerkj`a`.

Qf nk eukri`kho aosî, nk sp`dtk knn'ut`n`zzo ifn ikto sktfnn`tkrf aorrf `n r`sam`o i` r`iurs` ki ud hfro pusm

tfadonoe`ao, amf dod r`usa`rç jka`nhfdtf k susa`tkrf n'`dtfrfssf i` qufstk t`ponoe`k i` utfdzk.

Dod í qufnno amf stk kaakifdio aod ` irod`? Cf` e`oaktton` amf tutt` voen`odo `hpkrkrf k p`notkrf, tkdtk

aur`os`tç, hk qukdt'í kriuo po` trkttkrf rfknhfdtf ` ikt` kaqu`s`t` pfr efdfrkrf `djorhkz`od` uskc`n`.

Knno stfsso hoio, dodostkdtf qufst'khp`k f arfsafdtf i`spod`c`n`tç i` sktfnn`t` f ikt`, ` sfrv`z` i`

ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk rfstkdo kdaork aodj`dkt` dfn ioh`d`o spfa`kn`st`ao if` r`afraktor` f if`

projfss`od`st` if` s`stfh` djorhkt`v` efoerkj`a`, amf sodo dfv`tkc`nhfdtf p`ð `dan`d` ki dsfeu`rf ` aodt`du`

h`en`orkhfdt` ifnnf tfadonoe`f sktfnn`tkr` (qukn`tç if` sfdsor`, kuhfdto ifnnf r`sonuz`od` faa).

I` aodsfeufdzk en` utfdt` j`dkn` (nf aktfeor`f projfss`odkn` amf mo fnfdakto pr`hk) dod r`usafdio ki ottfdfrf

cfdfj`a` tkde`c`n` iknn'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk, sodo portkt` k vknutkrf nk tfadonoe`k sktfnn`tkrf aohf ud

sfhpn`af suaafikdfo ifn r`n`fvo kfrfo. Fi faao sp`fektk nk jkt`i`ak iohkdik< "aosk h` ojjrodo nf `hhke`d`

sktfnn`tkr` `d p`ð r`spftto ki ud vono kfrfo o k ud r`n`fvo aon irodf?!".

Oee` `dvfaf `n vfro Vsfr Vptkbf, a`oí n'kioz`odf if` sfrv`z` ifnno Qpkz`o ik pkrtf i` qufnnf aktfeor`f

projfss`odkn`, s` puó rfkn`zzkrf kss`aurkdio noro n'kaafsso k sfrv`z` amf ekrkdt`sakdo dod p`ð hfrf

`djorhkz`od`, hk udk rfknf aodosafdzk if` jfdohfd`. Dod ckstkdo qu`di` p`ð nf hkppf trki`z`odkn`< n'utfdzk

am`fif safdkr` efospkz`kn` r`aam` i` hftr`amf fi `di`aktor`, hkppf i`dkh`amf amf i`kdo fv`ifdzk

ifnn'kdikhfdto i` jfdohfd`, amf k`ut`do k akp`rf f prfdifrf ifa`s`od`.

[ufst` sfrv`z`, kaafss`c`n` v`k Ufc pframà pfr noro dkturk sposkdo `n

pkrki`ehk ifn anoui f ifn sojtwkrf ks k sfrv`af, i`vfdtkdo 'cnkab cox'

pfr n'utfdtf, amf s` i`s`dtfrfssk i` aohf n'`djorhkz`odf v`fdf efdfrktk,

sf a`ó amf ott`fdf í kaaurkto fi kjj`ikc`nf pfr ` suo` saop`. I`ftro nk

efdfrkz`odf i`dkh`ak f r`pft`t`vk i` `di`aktor` pfr `n hod`torkee`o ifnnk

ZKQ a` skrkddo hkekr` aktfdf saodj`dktf i` proafsskhfdto if` ikt`,

kneor`th` aohpnfss` fi `dtferkz`odf ifnnf `hhke`d` sktfnn`tkr` aod kntrf

jodt` i` ikt`2 hk n'utfdzk oee` vuonf ud'`djorhkz`odf sdfnnk f sfhpn`af, poss`c`nhfdtf k portktk i`

shkrtpmodf.

Wfr nk efdfrkz`odf i` qufst` safdkr` n'utfdtf dod svonef ud ruono pkss`vo< í `di`spfdskc`nf `n suo

ao`dvone`hfdto dfn proafsso i` aostruz`odf ifnnk aodosafdzk. Wfr fsfhp`o puó fssfrf ao`dvonto dfnnk jksf

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i` ankss`j`akz`odf ifnn'`hhke`df pfr kiifstrkrf `n hoifnno k r`aodosafrf nf jfkturfs p`ð ut`n`, oppurf `d jksf

i` vkn`ikz`odf if` r`suntkt`< nk aodskpfvonfzzk if` nuoem` f n'fspfr`fdzk sun akhpo sodo r`sorsf (quks`) sfhprf

i`spod`c`n` k n`vfnno noaknf, f qukdio opportudkhfdtf r`aodosa`utf f sjruttktf, possodo k`utkrf k h`en`orkrf

nk qukn`tç if` proiott` f sfrv`z`, `d pkrt`aonkrf qufnn` amf kss`aurkdo ud hod`torkee`o if` akhc`khfdt`

rocusto, r`pft`c`nf f stkdikri`zzkto.

@d qufst` aks`, aohf i`afvo dfn post prfafifdtf, kdamf udk r`sonuz`odf ifn ikto sktfnn`tkrf nfeefrhfdtf

p`ð ckssk, sf pfró í ekrkdt`to ud hod`torkee`o aostkdtf sunnf krff i` `dtfrfssf, dod aost`tu`saf ud rfknf

ostkaono knnk rfkn`zzkz`odf i` sfrv`z` opfrkt`v` f ut`n` pfr en` utfdt` j`dkn`<

puramà qufst` sfrv`z` ojjrkdo ud kaafsso rkp`io f aodt`duo knnk aodosafdzk if` jfdohfd`, ekrkdtfdio `n

r`spkrh`o i` tfhpo f i` soni`.

Qono aosî ottfrrfho nk rfknf kioz`odf ifnnf tfadonoe`f spkz`kn` ik pkrtf ifnn'utfdzk.

Kppudtkhfdto knnk pross`hk f unt`hk pudtktk, pfr eukrikrf kn juturo ifnn'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk.

 ____________

R;X kvfvo sknvkto tfhpo jk ud n`db k` r`suntkt` ifnn'`dike`df amf kifsso dod sfhcrk judz`odkrf p`ð<

mttp<//www.fur`sy.ore/`difx.pmp/dfws/`tfh/393-sktfnn tf-iktk-`s-dotfdouem-fdi-usfrs-dffi-jr`fdiny-

hkps-kdi-sfrv`afs-tk`norfi-to-tmf`rdffis.mthn

7/23/2019 Geo4Dummies - Il Presente e Il Futuro Dell’Osservazione Della Terra Da Satellite

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@n juturo ifnn'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk ik

sktfnn`tf

Iopo kvfr pkrnkto ifen` safdkr` kttukn` ifnn'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk ik sktfnn`tf, `d`z`kho k ikrf ud'oaam`ktk

k a`ó amf a` r`sfrvkdo ` pross`h` kdd`. Dod kvrfho c`soedo i` kdikrf troppo nodtkdo, pframà udk pkrtf i`

qufsto juturo stk dksafdio propr`o d qufst` e`ord`.

Ik qukdto kcc`kho iftto j`dork, s` `dtu`saf amf `n juturo ifnn'Fkrtm Ocsfrvkt`od (FO) í fdtus`kshkdtf f s`

sdoik su i`vfrs` safdkr`< hfdtrf aodt`dufrç nk cfnnk kvvfdturk i` Aopfrd`aus, aod `n nkda`o prfv`sto ifen`

kntr` sktfnn`t` ifnnk aostfnnkz`odf Qfdt`dfn f ` ikt` kaafss`c`n` aod n`afdzf opfd, ` erkdi` opfrktor`

aodt`dufrkddo k nkda`krf sktfnn`t` aod r`sonuz`odf spkz`knf f spfttrknf poss`c`nhfdtf sfhprf p`ð kntk. Dfn

jrkttfhpo kss`stfrfho kn pron`jfrkrf i` aostfnnkz`od` i` h`d` f h`aro sktfnn`t`.

Yrk ` sktfnn`t` amf kaqu`s`saodo `hhke`d` ki knt`ss`hk r`sonuz`odf kttfdi`kho n'kvvfdto i` UorniZ`fw-9, amf

rkiiopp`frç nk akpka`tç ifnnk aostfnnkz`odf i` jord`rf `hhke`d` aod 17ah i` r`sonuz`odf, ekrkdtfdio i` jktto

ud hodopon`o knnk I`e`tknEnocf dfnnk jord`turk i` `hhke`d` aod qufsto strkori`dkr`o ifttken`o. @n nkda`o í

prfv`sto pfr sfttfhcrf ifn pross`ho kddo.

[ufsto `dvfst`hfdto r`spodif knnk iohkdik i` `djorhkz`od` ifnnk Dkt`odkn Efospkt`kn-@dtfnn`efdaf Kefday

stktud`tfdsf  (DEK), amf í `n pr`da`pknf aohh`ttfdtf i` I`e`tknEnocf. @n proerkhhk khfr`akdo am`khkto

Fdmkdafi Z`fw mk n'oc`ftt`vo i` jord`rf knn'`dtfnn`efdaf khfr`akdk n'kaafsso aodt`duo k `hhke`d` kee`ordktf

su tutto `n enoco tfrrfstrf pfr supportkrf nf ktt`v`tç h`n`tkr`.

K qukdto pkrf, pfró, kdamf n'DEK `d`z`k k eukrikrf aod `dtfrfssf knnf potfdz`kn`tç ifnnf aostfnnkz`od` i`

h`d`-sktfnn`t`, f pur sfdzk hoi`j`akrf n'kttuknf aodtrktto aod I`e`tknEnocf,potrfccf `dvfst`rf e`ç ikn

pross`ho kddo dfnnk spfr`hfdtkz`odf aod ` i`vfrs` jord`tor` i` `hhke`d` sktfnn`tkr`  amf s` kjjkaa`kdo sun

hfrakto aod hoifnn` i` cus`dfss i`jjfrfdt`. Wfr I`e`tknEnocf, amf dfen` unt`h` kdd` mk aohckttuto nk

aodaorrfdzk "hkde`kdiosfnk", aohf mk jktto aod EfoFyf quknamf kddo jk, qufsto s`ed`j`amfrç jkrf aodt`

aod r`vkn` honto i`vfrs` ik qufnn` trki`z`odkn`.

Zfi`kho pframà.

H`d` f h`aro sktfnn`t`[ufnno if` h`d`-sktfnn`t` í ud i`saorso honto `ddovkt`vo, amf r`eukrik ik ud nkto nk i`hfds`odf if` sktfnn`t`,

f iknn'kntro n hoio d au` vfdeodo rfkn`zzkt`.

Wkrnkdio i` i`hfds`od`, c`soedk r`aorikrf amf ` sktfnn`t` pfr n'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk "trki`z`odkn`" sodo

t`p`akhfdtf honto eross` f pfskdo tkdto. Ki fsfhp`o UorniZ`fw-1, i` au` kcc`kho e`ç pkrnkto f amf dfnnk

joto kaakdto í rkjj`eurkto hfdtrf frk `d aostruz`odf, í knto quks` : hftr` f pfsk p`ð i` 3 toddfnnktf f hfzzo.

F' jka`nf aohprfdifrf qukdto s`k aohpnfsso f aostoso nkda`krf ud cfst`odf i` qufst` dfnno spkz`o, f jkrno

fdtrkrf `d orc`tk.

Aohpnfsso, aostoso f... r`sam`oso. Dodostkdtf vfdekdo nkda`kt` aodt`dukhfdtf oeeftt` dfnno spkz`o, `djktt`,dod tutto j`nk sfhprf n`sa`o. Eukriktf pfr fsfhp`o aosk í suaafsso k e`uedo knnk Qpkaf ] i` Fnod Husb (s`,

qufnno ifnnk Yfsnk), k poam` hfs` i` i`stkdzk iknn'`da`ifdtf ifnn'Kdtkrfs i` ottocrf ifnno saorso kddo.

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[ufstf h`ss`od` sjortudktf kvfvkdo fdtrkhcf n'oc`ftt`vo i` rkee`udefrf nk @QQ - Qtkz`odf Qpkz`knf

@dtfrdkz`odknf (qufnnk su au` mk pksskto p`ð i` : hfs` Qkhkdtmk Ar`stojorftt`) f r`jord`rnk i` kttrfzzkturf

sa`fdt`j`amf f... h`d`-sktfnn`t`, aohf qufnn` i` Wnkdft Nkcs,  amf pfskdo 'sono' ;37 be a`ksaudo f iknnk @QQ

vfdeodo po` nkda`kt` dfnno spkz`o, aohf s` vfif `d qufsto cfnn`ss`ho v`ifo<

J`eurk : mttps<//youtu.cf/AV:@[_]P5WF  

F' dtfrfsskdtf dotkrf amf dodostkdtf en` da`ifdt` ifnn'unt`ho kddo, dà Qpkaf ] dà Wnkdft Nkcs mkddo sucèto

aodtrkaaonp` ifvkstkdt`, fi mkddo portkto kvkdt` nf propr`f ktt`v`tç aodt`dukdio k nkda`krf duov` sktfnn`t`.

Aohf `djktt` rkaaodtk  `d qufstk `dtfrv`stk U`nn Hkrsmknn, AFO i` Wnkdft Nkcs, nk strktfe`k amf prfvfif i`

hfttfrf `d orc`tk udk aostfnnkz`odf i` h`d`-sktfnn`t`, soprkttutto sf qufst` sodo rfkn`zzkt` aod aohpodfdt` k

cksso aosto, rfdif n'kpproaa`o knno spkz`o p`ð sostfd`c`nf f hfdo r`sam`oso, pframà nk akpka`tç ifnn'`dtfrk

aostfnnkz`odf í hfdo nfektk knn'fjj`a`fdzk if` s`deon` fnfhfdt` amf nk aohpodeodo.

E`ç quknamf kddo jk `n nude`h`rkdtf E`ovkdd` Qynos Nkc`d` kvfvk sp`fekto,  sun cnoe i` Wnkdftfb @tkn`k, `d amf

hoio ` h`d`-sktfnn`t` akhc`kdo n'faodoh`k ifnno Qpkz`o, `di`v`iukdio krff i` r`iuz`odf if` aost` `d tutto `n

s`stfhk i` corio f i` tfrrk, f kiottkdio aohpodfdt` `diustr`kn` proiott` pfr hfrakt` honto p`ð khp`, `dvfafamf j`dkdz`krf aostosf ktt`v`tç i` r`afrak f sv`nuppo pfr aohpodfdt` ik proiurrf d poamf ud`tç.

"Rnf aostfnnkz`od` i` h`d`sktfnn`t`X sfhcrkdo ojjr`rf ud duovo kpproaa`o knnk

rkee`ude`c`n`tç ifnno spkz`o, fi `d knaud` aks` kdamf ud kpproaa`o p`ð sostfd`c`nf ikn

 pudto i` v`stk faodoh`ao. Vdk cuodk pkrtf i` qufstk tfor`k ifvf fssfrf kdaork

i`hostrktk, hk s`aurkhfdtf `d`z`kdo ki kvfrf duov` `derfi`fdt` pfr aostru`rf qufnnf amf possodo fssfrf nf

h`ss`od` i` ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk ifn juturo. [ufnno amf poss`kho hhke`dkrf í amf hont`

i` qufst` s`stfh` kvrkddo hkee`or` akpka`tç k corio, f skrkddo p`ð akpka` i` huovfrs` `d

hkd`frk aonnftt`vk, aohf s`deon` oeeftt` `d orc`tk `dtordo knnk tfrrk."

Wfr qufsto, dfn pross`ho juturo, `n suaafsso if` "ankss`a`" opfrktor` sktfnn`tkr` skrç

h`dkaa`kto ik rfkntç aohhfra`kn` aod ud i`vfrso IDK f i`jjfrfdt` hoifnn` i` cus`dfss. Dod a'í `djktt` sono

Wnkdft Nkcs k nkda`krf ` suo` h`d`-sktfnn`t`.

Vdo Qpkz`o p`fdo i` h`d`-sktfnn`t`

Ikn pross`ho kddo CnkabQby Enockn `d`z`frç nk suk kvvfdturk dfnno spkz`o, nkda`kdio `d orc`tk ` pr`h` : if` :7

sktfnn`t` amf prfvfif i` sam`frkrf `d aostfnnkz`odf fdtro `n 37;0. N'oc`ftt`vo í aopr`rf n‐`dtfro tfrr`tor`o

tfrrfstrf aod jrfqufdzk e`ordkn`frk, knnk r`sonuz`odf i` ; hftro pfr p`xfn.

7/23/2019 Geo4Dummies - Il Presente e Il Futuro Dell’Osservazione Della Terra Da Satellite

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Erkz`f k qufsto p`kdo aosî keerfss`vo fi kvv`dafdtf, amf CnkabQby mk am`khkto "Qktfnn`tf `hke`de ks k

Qfrv`af", qufstk kz`fdik i` Qfkttnf mk susa`tkto kii`r`tturk n'`dtfrfssf i` Mfxkeod KC, amf mk e`ç kdduda`kto

n'ojjfrtk i` qufst` ikt` dfnnk suk ojjfrtk aohhfra`knf Mx@W< n'Mfxkeod @hkefry Wroerkh, n sfrv`z`o wfc-cksfi

pfr nk i`str`cuz`odf i` ikt` sktfnn`tkr` f ik kfrfo i` tutto `n hodio. [ufsto proerkhhk, erkz`f knnf duhfrosf

pkrtdfrsm`p amf Mfxkeod mk s`enkto aod kntrf `hportkdt` rfkntç ifn sfttorf efospkz`knf (trk au` K`rcus IQ),

hfttf k i`spos`z`odf ifen` utfdt` ud vksto kram`v`o i` ikt` ki knt`ss`hk r`sonuz`odf `d aodt`duo

kee`ordkhfdto, fi ojjrf kdamf kaafsso k ikt` N@IKS f hoifnn` i`e`tkn` ifn tfrrfdo.

Vd'kntrk amf stk nkda`kdio hkd hkdo ` suo` p`aaon` sktfnn`t` í QbyCox @hke`de, amf mk skputo aktturkrf nf

kttfdz`od` i` udk afrtk Eooenf, kn pudto amf `n aonosso i` Houdtk`d Z`fw sf n'í  aohprktk n'kddo saorso. Nk

aostfnnkz`odf i` QbyCox í `d erkio i` kaqu`s`rf dod sono `hhke`d`, hk kdamf r`prfsf v`ifo ifnnk iurktk i`

ontrf ud h`duto. Eukriktf `n v`ifo sfeufdtf pfr akp`rf i` aosk pkrn`kho<

J`eurk 5 mttps<//youtu.cf/kU;-\UfdavK 

QbyCox dod í n'ud`ak k e`rkrf j`nh`d` ifnnk Yfrrk iknno spkz`o, pframà a'í kdamf  Vrtmfakst amf mk hodtkto

ifnnf "v`ifoakhfrf" sunnk @QQ, @d rfkntç sunnf kppn`akz`od` amf sjrutt`do qufsto efdfrf i` r`prfsf v`ifo a'í

kdaork tkdto ik nkvorkrf, f kdaork dod mo v`sto `d e`ro d`fdtf i` ikvvfro r`vonuz`odkr`o, sf dod pfrkppn`akz`od` i` `dtfnn`efdaf d khc`to h`n`tkrf. [ukdio pfró sktfnn`t` d orc`tk skrkddo ud cfn po', f nf r`prfsf

v`ifo poss`c`n` d`z`frkddo k arfsafrf d hkd`frk s`ed`j`akt`vk, df vfirfho ifnnf cfnnf.

C`e Iktk sktfnn`tkr`

Ik qukdto kcc`kho v`sto j`dork, trk n'kttuknf ojjfrtk i`

ikt` ki knt`ss`hk r`sonuz`odf spkz`knf fi ud juturo

i`rohpfdtf aod fnfvkt`ss`hk r`sonuz`odf tfhporknf, í

am`kro amf s`kho e`ç `d p`fdo i`nuv`o i` ikt`. Cfrf o

kjjoekrf?

[ukdio pkrno i` C`e Iktk sktfnn`tkr` h` r`jfr`sao k iuf

jfdohfd` pr`da`pkn`< nk qukdt`tç i` `djorhkz`od` ojjfrtf

ik` s`stfh` i` ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk f nk dostrk

proerfss`vk akpka`tç i` hfhor`zzkrf, fnkcorkrf fi

kdkn`zzkrf qufst` ikt`. Aoh'í doto, pfr ifsar`vfrf `n

jfdohfdo if` C`e Iktk, s` uskdo d efdfrf nf qukttro Z, amf cfd s` kikttkdo kdamf knnf hhke`d` sktfnn`tkr`<

Zonuhf, Zfnoa`tç, Zkr`ftç f Zfr`i`a`tç. Dod h` sojjfrho su qufstf qukttro f nf ikró pfr saodtktf. Zoen`o

aodanuifrf `dvfaf qufstk sfr`f i` krt`aon` sotton`dfkdio amf tuttk qufstk i`spod`c`n`tç i` ikt` skrç sprfaktksf dod r`usa`kho k trksjorhkrnk `d rfknf Zknorf, amf í sfaodio hf nk Z p`ð `hportkdtf.

7/23/2019 Geo4Dummies - Il Presente e Il Futuro Dell’Osservazione Della Terra Da Satellite

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Kjj`damà qufst` ikt` fspr`hkdo tutto `n noro vknorf a` sodo iuf doi` ik sa`oen`frf. Vdo í nfekto knnk

tfadonoe`k, hk n'kntro s` r`jfr`saf knnk iohkdik i` sfrv`z` ckskt` su qufst` ikt`.

Ikn pudto i` v`stk ifnnk tfadonoe`k a` sodo knaudf

pkronf am`kvf amf sfdto a`tktf sfhprf p`ð spfsso

qukdio s` pkrnk if` C`e Iktk efospkz`kn`<afrtkhfdtf vfirfho ud arfsafdtf `hpktto ifn

Qojtwkrf Ks K Qfrv`af f ifnnk jru`z`odf su Anoui if`

sfrv`z` ckskt` su qufst` ikt`. Qkrç sfhprf p`ð

`hportkdtf spostkrf n'fnkcorkz`odf if` ikt`, ikn

noro ut`n`zzo `d khc`fdt` ifsbtop aod `dtfrjkaaf

erkj`amf pfdsktf pfr utfdt` uhkd`, ki ud

proafsskhfdto hkss`vo erkz`f k worbjnow i`

fnkcorkz`odf kutohkt`a`. 

@n tfhk í kjjrodtkto kdamf `d ud krt`aono sfedknktoikn h`o kh`ao Kdirfk Corruso aod ud krt`aono amf

fv`ifdz`k nf unt`hf tfdifdzf dfn hodio ifn hkpp`de, f amf dfnnf suf aodanus`od` aodjortk qufstk h`k

kdkn`s`. Am` nkvork aod ikt` efospkz`kn` `d hkd`frk trki`z`odknf, `djktt`, í spfsso aostrftto k sprfakrf `n propr`o

tfhpo `d r`pft`t`vf f do`osf opfrkz`od` amf portkdo v`k honto tfhpo. Q` pfds` ki ktt`v`tç aohf no sakr`ao i`

ikt`, n‐fnkcorkz`odf kttrkvfrso hontfpn`a` sojtwkrf amf r`am`fiodo aodt`duf aodvfrs`odf i` jorhkt`, nk

arfkz`odf i` aktknoem` i` hftkikt` f nk puccn`akz`odf od-n`df i` ikt` f hkppf. Yfhpo sottrktto knnf ktt`v`tç

i` hkee`orf vknorf aohf n‐kdkn`s` if` r`suntkt` ottfdut`, jodikhfdtknf pfr n‐kioz`odf i` ifa`s`od`. 

Nk sonuz`odf k qufsto procnfhk í dfnnk arfkz`odf i` jnuss` i` nkvoro kutohkt`zzkt`, amf kss`aur`do

r`suntkt` stkdikri`zzkt` f r`pft`c`n`, f amf ekrkdt`sakdo n'kaafsso v`k wfc k ikt` f proafss`, hk

soprkttutto knnf `djorhkz`od` ik fss` efdfrktf.

Qkrç arua`knf po` kjj`ikrf k` dostr` struhfdt` hoc`n` nk rkpprfsfdtkz`odf i` qufstf `djorhkz`od`, sotto

jorhk i` `di`aktor` f hkppf i`dkh`amf, pframà a` ekrkdt`saodo udk rfknf aodosafdzk if` jfdohfd`

`dvfst`ekt` f a` k`ut`do k jkrf ifnnf safntf. Qu qufsto st`kho nkvorkdio aod nf Qhkrt 

H.Kpps i` Mfxkeod Efospkt`kn, f a` tordfrfho spfsso df` pross`h` hfs`.

Dfn jrkttfhpo iovrfho nkvorkrf sunnk arfsa`tk i` udk rfknf iohkdik pfr qufstf `djorhkz`od` f aodosafdzk,

amf po` í nk iohkdik i` sfrv`z` ckskt` sunn'ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk i` au` pkrnkvo kdamf dfn akp`tono

prfafifdtf.

Ki oee` s` st`hk amf, dfnnk pro`fz`odf kn 3717 if` ikt` ifn sfttorf FO, n'=7% skrç

kdaork aost`tu`to ik udk iohkdik i`rfttk o `di`rfttk i` sfrv`z` puccn`a`. Qkrç

sujj`a`fdtf k rfdifrf sostfd`c`n` - a`oí faodoh`akhfdtf vkdtkee`os` f

aohpft`t`v` ikn pudto i` v`stk ifnnf prfstkz`od` - ` s`stfh` spkz`kn` amf kcc`kho

v`sto j`dork?

Wframà a`ó kaakik, c`soedfrç afrakrf ` hftoi` p`ð opportud` pfr jkr arfsafrf

dotfvonhfdtf qufstk iohkdik, sfhpn`j`akdio n'kaafsso k` ikt` ik pkrtf ifnnf

kz`fdif, jkvorfdio n'kaafsso `diustr`knf k` jodi` pfr nk r`afrak f prohuovfdio

en` kppknt` prf-aohhfra`kn`. [ufst` `d pkrt`aonkrf possodo aodtr`cu`rf ki

kuhfdtkrf nk aodskpfvonfzzk fi `n ao`dvone`hfdto ifnn'utfdzk, jkvorfdio `naos`iiftto usfr uptkbf, f arfkdio nf aodi`z`od` pframà s` kjjfrh` ud hfrakto if` sfrv`z` FO amf skpp`k

rfdifrf j`dknhfdtf sostfd`c`n` nf kppn`akz`od` ifnn‐ossfrvkz`odf ifnnk Yfrrk pfr en` utfdt`

J`eurk = Uorbjnow kutohkt`ao pfr n'kdkn`s` ifnnk