G C.˚&dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/113581/1/Ilori_2010_N58.pdf · istoria ambobs _ rogorc...

qarTvelobis gadasarCenad

# 58 (1 19) 16 marti 2010 s a x alxo mo Zr ao b a “ “s a m e gr elos “ org a no 5 0 T eTri

9

sergei kremliovi

lavrenti-beria _

meoce saukunis

saukeTeso menejeri

7

gazeTi “ilori” uZRveba rubrikas “saukeTeso safexburTo klubebi”

am wignis avtoris, korneli borozdinis samsaxureobrivi

kariera kavkasiaSi daiwyo. igi jer mTavarmarTeblis

kancelariaSi muSaobda, Semdeg ki (1854 wels) samegrelos

dedofalTan miavlines miwer-moweris sawarmoeblad da

misi Svilebis aRmzrdelad. 1858 wels dainiSna senakis

olqis ufrosad, sadac 1867 wlamde imsaxura. swored aq

gaecno igi samegrelos mosaxleobis yofas, romelic

sainteresod aRwera Tavis wignSi.

borozdinis mogonebebSi sakmaod vrclad aris

gadmocemuli osmaleTis jarebis mier samegrelos

awiokeba, romelic Semdeg rusma jariskacebma

alagmes. Temur qoriZe

“crvena

zvezda”,

belgradi,

iugoslavia

saqarTvelos

sagareo politika

da diplomatia

1918-1921 wlebSi

4

Cven

pirvelebi

varT...

12

www ilori.ge

mamuliSvilis

saintereso

wignis

Sesaxeb 6

ras niSnavs

sityva “europa

8

gazeTi gamodis 1999 wlidan

2

afxazeTis Rirseuli Svilebi

afxazebisTvisac daqarTvelebisTvisacerTnairad saamayo

adamiani11

megruli

poeziis

rafsodia

poeti laSa

gaxaria 5

gazeT “asaval-dasavalSi” gamoqveyn-

da interviu baton anzor SoniasTan, sa-

TauriT _ “Soniam somxebi gaaqro

kavkasiis ruqidan”...

iqve dabeWdili iyo mis wignSi

“kolxebi qarTvelebis winaprebi” mo-

Tavsebuli “kolxeTis (egrisis) samefos”

ruqa Zveli welTaRricxvis VI-V

saukuneebSi, romelic moicavda teri-

torias Savi zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleT

nawilidan kaspiis zRvamde, faqtobrivad

mTel samxreT kavkasias, xolo somxeTis

samefo saerTod ar iyo kavkasiaSi.

interviuSi naTqvami iyo, rom am epo-

qaSi somxebi jer kidev ar cxovrobdnen

kavkasiaSi.

_ batono anzor, ra reaqcia gamoiwvia

aRniSnulma intervium somxur sazoga-

doebaSi?

_ rogorc cnobilia, somxebi

qarTvelebisagan gansxvavebiT uyu-

radRebod ar toveben Tu raime iTqva

somxeTze, miT umetes uaryofiTi. wigni

jer dabeWdili ar iyo, rom daiwyo

rekvebi, etyoba stambaSi viRac somexi

muSaobda. yvelani erTmniSvnelovnad mi-

iCnevdnen, rom ruqa iyo araswori da

moiTxovdnen kavkasiis ruqaSi somx-

eTis Setanas. roca avuxseni, rom aR-

niSnuli ruqa Sedgenili iyo herodotes

(Z.w.aR. V sauk.) mixedviT, zarebi met-

naklebad Sewyda, magram garkveuli

drois Semdeg rekavs erTi somexi da

meubneba, rom herodote kavkasiis re-

gionSi mcxovreb xalxebs asaxelebs da

ara qveynebso. vupasuxe, rom herodote,

swored kavkasiaSi arsebul qveynebis

xalxebs asaxelebs da Tu somxebic maT

Soris iqnebodnen, bunebrivia, somxebic

moxvdebodnen kavkasiis regionSi. amis

Semdeg zarebi Sewyda, etyoba kon-

sultacia romeliRac somexi mec-

nierisgan aiRes da mixvdnen, rom am sak-

iTxze dava erTmniSvnelovnad maTTvis

arasasurveli SedegiT damTavrdeboda.

_ batono anzor, “asaval-dasavalSi”

gamoqveynebul intervius qarTuli sazo-

gadoebidanac araerTgvarovani gamox-

maureba mohyva, gaCnda kiTxvebi, gamoC-

ndnen oponentebic. Tqven ras gvetyodiT?

_ marTlac, wignis “kolxebi

qarTvelebis winaprebi” (Tb. 2007 w.)

gamoqveynebas garkveuli gamoxmaureba

hqonda, magram ZiriTadad dadebiTi. sx-

vaTaSoris, gazeT “iloris” gamomcem-

lebs ise moewonaT Cemi wigni, rom

mTlianad gamoaqveynes, aseve gamoaqveynes

Cemi narkvevi “Cveni qveynis saxelebi sx-

vadasxva epoqaSi”. amave gazeTSi gamo-

qveynda sazogadoeba “saqarTvelos pal-

adiumis” werili Cems wignze, saTauriT

“didi qarTuli wigni”, sadac naTqvami

iyo, rom naSromi “kolxebi qarTvelebis

winaprebi” warmoadgens yvela

qarTvelisaTvis samagido wigns, igi

didi ilias “saerTo niadagis Teoriis”

metad warmatebul ganviTarebas war-

moadgens. bunebrivia, es asec unda

yofiliyo, vinaidan erTaderTi var,

romelmac Sevadgine ruqa, sadac teri-

toria Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde, faq-

tobrivad, mTeli samxreT kavkasia Cveni

qveynis farglebSia moqceuli da erTm-

niSvnelovnad ganvacxade, rom qarTvel

xalxSi erTi eTnosis dominantia, yvela

qarTveli erTi jiSis, erTi genis WeS-

mariti qarTvelia. SeuZlebelia es

nebismier qarTvels ar gaxareboda.

_ batono anzor, es marTlac asea, ma-

gram zogierTma Semdegi mosazreba

gamoTqva: “anzor Soniam Tavis wignSi

“kolxebi qarTvelebis winaprebi” Se-

tanili ruqidan, ara mxolod somxeTi,

aramed TiTqmis yvela qarTuli kuTxe

gaaqro”-o. amaze ras gvetyviT?

_ Tqven warmoidgineT, rom me es ar

gamkvirvebia. samwuxarod, arian adami-

anebi, romelTac urCevniaT Zveli

welTaRricxvis VI-V saukuneebSi Cveni

qveynis teritoria Savi zRvidan kaspi-

is zRvamde ki ar yofiliyo, aramed misi

naxevari daekavebina, oRond mas “kolx-

eTis (egrisis) samefo” ki ar erqvas,

aramed im kuTxis saxeli, saidanac es

“vai-qarTvelia”. swored es aris aSkara

kuTxuri cnobiereba, romelmac saSineli

roli iTamaSa saqarTvelos istoriaSi.

me ki ar gavaqre qarTuli kuTxeebi

kavkasiidan, aramed im epoqis Cveni qvey-

nis sazRvrebSi movaqcie teritoria Savi

zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde, rac uprece-

dento movlenaa qarTul istori-

ografiaSi. samwuxarod, im epoqis “kolx-

eTis samefos” arc sazRvrebia cnobili

da arc realuri istoria arsebobs. mx-

olod es aris, rom “kolxeTis samefoSi”

ocze meti saxvadasxva dasaxelebis

tomi Sedioda: xaldebi, xalibebi, mesxe-

bi, manralebi, SkviTinebi, misimianebi,

drilebi, henioxebi, sanebi da a.S., magram

arc maTi gansaxlebis teritoriebia

cnobili.

bunebrivia, isini kolxebi iyvnen da sx-

vadasxva saxelebiT imitom oiwode-

bodnen, rom cxovrobdnen “kolxeTis

samefos” im kuTxeebSi, romlebsac es sax-

elebi erqvaT. rogorc qarTveli, aseve

ucxoeli mecnierebi miiCneven, rom Cvens

qveyanas Soreul warsulSi erqva

“iberia” da mosaxleobas “iberebi”.

garkveul istoriul movlenebTan

dakavSirebiT kavkasiidan iberebis

garkveuli nawili moxvda evropaSi, naw-

ili _ amerikis kontinentze. atyoba, am

movlenis Semdeg Cvens qveyanas daerqva

“kolxeTis samefo” da mosaxleobas

“kolxebi”. SesaZlebelia iberiis same-

foSi kolxuri tomic Sedioda, romlis

warmomadgenelic samefos saTaveSi moxv-

da da amitom daerqva “kolxeTis same-

fo”. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Zveli welTaR-

ricxvis II aTaswleulis dasawyisidan,

realurad arsebobs “kolxeTis samefo”,

romelic Rirseul partniorobas uwev-

da im epoqis mowinave saxelmwifoebs.

samwuxarod, kimerielebis da sxvadasx-

va urdoebis Semosevebis Sedegad “kolx-

eTis samefom” arseboba Sewyvita (Zv. w.aR.,

VII sauk.), magram mis yofil teritori-

aze, Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde

Camoyalibda “egrisis samefo”

(daaxloebiT Zv. w.aR., VII-VI sauk.),

romelmac Secvala “kolxeTis samefo”.

yovel SemTxvevaSi, erTmniSvnelovnad

dadgenilis, rom kolxuri ena igive

megruli enaa da megrelebi kolxebis

uSualo memkvidreebi arian, magram

berZnebi “egrisis samefos” isev “kolx-

eTis samefod” moixseniebdnen. amdenad,

Cems wignSi moTavsebuli herodotes

mixedviT Sedgenili Cveni qveynis ruqa,

faqtobrivad, Zveli welTaRricxvis VI-

IV saukuneebis “egrisis samefos” ruqaa,

romelic metyvelebs imaze, rom teri-

toriaze Savi zRvidan kaspiis zRvamde

cxovrobdnen megrelebi da gavrcele-

buli iyo megruli ena. bunebrivia,

“egrisis samefos” dasaxelebuli tome-

bi isev darCnen “egrisis samefos” Se-

madgenlobaSi, mxolod am epoqaSi isi-

ni megrul teritoriul jgufebs war-

moadgendnen da sxvadasxva saxelebiT

iwodebodnen imitom, rom cxovrobdnen

egrisis im kuTxeebSi, romlebsac es sax-

elebi erqvaT. am epoqaSi “megreli” zo-

gaderovnuli cneba iyo da megrul enas

saxelmwifo statusi hqonda. aRsaniS-

navia, rom “egrisis samefoSi” moxse-

niebuli teritoriuli jgufebis adg-

ilmdebareoba ucnobia, miT umetes, im

epoqaSi Cvens qveyanaSi TiTqmis arc

erTi is teritoriuli jgufi ar aris

moxseniebuli, romlebic axali welTaR-

ricxvis epoqaSi warmoCindnen qarTul

sinamdvileSi. swored aman ganapiroba,

rom Cveni qveynis im epoqis (Zv. w.aR., VI-

IV sauk.) ruqaze misi Semadgeneli kuTx-

eebi araa naCvenebi, Torem araviTar

gaqrobas adgili ar hqonia. ara da, amis-

Tana mkrexeluri azri SeiZleba mou-

vides gacs, romelsac warmodgena ara

aqvs Cveni qveynis istoriaze. sxvaTa

Soris, gamoqveynda Cemi broSura _

“Cveni qveynis saxelebi sxvadasxva epo-

qaSi”, sadac moTavsebulia Cveni qveynis

ruqebi sxvadasxva epoqaSi da yvela qar-

Tuli regioni Cans, Tanac imis mi-

TiTebiT, Tu romeli saukunidan war-

moCindnen isini qarTul sinamdvileSi.

_ erT-erTi oponenti, kaxeli kaci

movida CvenTan da sayveduri gamoTqva:

matoni anzori brZanebs, rom dRevandeli

kaxeTis teritoria yofili hereTis ter-

itoriaa da radganac hereTi “albaneTis

samefos” dasavleTi nawilia, TiTqos kax-

elebi albanebis uSualo STamomavlebi

varT, xolo albanebi megrelebi yofi-

lan.

_ damerwmuneT, es me ar miTqvams, amas

istoria ambobs _ rogorc cnobilia,

Zveli welTaRricxvis IV-III saukuneeb-

Si “egrisis (kolxeTis) samefo” daiSala

da mis aRmosavleT nawilSi war-

moCindnen iberiisa da albaneTis same-

foebi. ram ganapiroba axali samefos-

aTvis albaneTis darqmeva, ucnobia, magram,

etyoba, iberiis darqmeva ganapiroba

iman, rom Soreul warsulSi Cvens

qveyanas iberia erqva, rac albaT xalx-

is maxsovrobas SemorCa. rasTan iyo es

movlena dakavSirebuli, ucnobia, magram,

radgan isini “egrisis samefos” teri-

toriaze warmoCindnen, sadac cx-

ovrobdnen megruli teritoriuli

jgufebi, iberebic da albanebic

megrelebi iyvnen, ufro zustad, iberiaSi

mcxovreb megrels daerqva iberi da al-

baneTSi mcxovrebs _ albani.

am epoqaSi (Zv. w.aRr.VI-III sauk.) cne-

ba “megrels” zogaderovnuli

mniSvneloba hqonda, mis qveS moiazre-

boda nebismieri kuTxis mkvidri, iseve,

rogorc dRes aqvs cneba qarTvels.

saqarTvelos istoria faqtobrivad

egrisisa da iberiis samefoebis isto-

riaa, swored maTi gaerTianebiT (XI s.)

safuZveli Caeyara erTian “saqarTvelos

samefos”, xolo, samwuxarod, albaneTi

adreve mowyda qarTul sinamdviles _ V

saukuneSi albaneTis samefo sparsebma

daipyres da iq mefoba gaauqmes, VII

saukuneSi arabebma daipyres, xolo X-XI

saukuneebSi Turq-selCukebma, romlebmac

ganaxorcieles albanebis sruli asim-

ilireba-gaTurqeba. SemdgomSi albaneTis

yofil teritoriaze sxvadasxva saxa-

noebi Camoyalibdnen, romelTa terito-

riaze dRes ZiriTadad azerbaijania.

samwuxarod, albaneTis raobaze da al-

banebis vinaobaze qarTul istori-

ografiaSi fundamenturi masala ar

arsebobs. marTalia, qarTveli mec-

nierebi miiCneven, rom albanebi

qarTvelebis monaTesave erTmorwmune

xalxi iyo, magram, ratomRac, Zieba amaze

Sors ar wasula. amJamad albanebis

vinaobaze aRmoCenilia wyaro, romlis ms-

gavsi iSviaTia istoriaSi _ arsebobs IX

saukunis bizantiuri enciklopedia,

sadac erTmniSvnelovnad weria _ “al-

banebi megrelebi arian”. aseTive azrisaa

bizantieli swavluli evdokia (XI s.) da

es maSin, rodesac dasavleT saqarTve-

los erTian samefos bizantielebi

lazikis samefod moixseniebdnen, xolo

megrelebs lazebad, magram etyoba,

bizantielma swavlulebma icodnen, rom

lazebi megrelebi iyvnen, rac wyaros re-

aluribaze metyvelebs. etyoba, IX-XI

saukuneebSic ki albaneTSi SemorCenili

iyo megruli ena, vinaidan swored enis

faqtorma aTqmevina bizantiel

swavlulebs, rom albanelebi megrelebi

iyvnen. rogorc cnobilia, albaneTis

samefos dasavleTi regioni iyo hereTi,

romelic iberiis (qarTlkis) samefos Se-

madgenlobaSia V saukunidan. etyoba

herebma Tavi daaRwies sparseTs da

moZme iberebs SeuerTdnen. sxvaTa Soris,

cnobili mecnieri ioseb yifSiZe Tavis

wignSi _ “megruli (iberiuli) enis gra-

matika” (s/pet. 1924w.) asaxelebs megrul

toponimebs, gamoTqmebs, megruli enis

nakvalevs hereTis erT-erT regionSi,

saingiloSi. teritoriulad hereTi

moicavda, faqtobrivad, TiTqmis mTel im

teritorias, romelsac dRes kaxeTi

hqvia. kaxeTi saqarTvelos erTian epo-

qamde mdebareobda mTiuleTSi,

daaxloebiT dRevandeli mTianeTis re-

gionSi. dadgenilia, rom qalaqi Telavi

arsebobs II saukunidan, magram amis

mauwyebeli wyaro adasturebs _ Telavi

albaneTis dasavleT regionis hereTis

qalaqi iyo. istoriidan mtkicdeba, rom

hereTi aqtiur monawileobas iRebda

iberiis (qarTlis) cxovrebaSi. marTlac,

herebma didi roli iTamaSes qarTveli

eris CamoyalibebaSi, razedac metyvelebs

is garemoeba, rom herebis eTnarqi

“herosi” aRiarebulia qarTvelebis erT-

erT eTnarqad “qarTlosTan” da

“egrosTan” erTad. iberiis (qarTlis)

samefos SemadgenlobaSi hereTi jer iyo

samTavro, SemdgomSi misgan damoukide-

beli samefo, xolo XI saukuneSi kax-

eTisa da hereTis samefoebi gaerTiand-

nen da erTian saqarTvelos epoqaSi (XI-

XII s.s.) hereTic ukve moixsenieba kax-

eTis regionad. bunebrivia, herebi, ro-

gorc albaneTis samefos teritoriuli

jgufis warmomadgenlebi, megrelebi iyv-

nen da radganac dRevandeli kaxelebi

ZiriTadad herebi arian, isinic

megrelebis STamomavlebi arian. amdenad

oponents SeiZleba vupasuxoT, rom es re-

aluri istoriaa, magram sakiTxavia, opo-

nenti raRa hereTs da herebs miadga,

maSin, rodesac Cems wignSi “kolxebi

qarTvelebis winaprebi” erTm-

niSvnelovnad weria _ Cveni qveynis nebis-

mieri kuTxis warmomadgenlebi, eseni

iqnebian qarTlelebi, kaxelebi, imerlebim

gurulebi, svanebi, aWarlebi Tu sxvebi,

kolxebis, igive megrelebis STamo-

mavlebi da WeSmariti qarTvelebi ari-

an. yovelive es realuri istoriaa. marT-

lac, rodesac kolxeTis (egrosis) same-

fos aRmosavleT nawilSi warmoCndnen

iberiis da albaneTis samefoebi (Zv.w.aR.

IV-III s.s.), maT safuZveli Cauyares am

teritoriaze mcxovrebma megrulma ter-

itoriulma jgufebma da, rpgprc zemod

aRvniSne, am epoqidan iberiaSi mcxovreb

megrels daerqva iberi, xolo albaneT-

Si mcxovrebs _ albani, miT umetes, Zveli

welTaRricxvis epoqaSi Cveni qveynis

kuTxeebs is saxelebi ar erqvaT, rom-

lebic Cveni welTaRricxvis epoqaSi

hqviaT. sxvaTa Soris, kaxeli kacisTvis

miuRebelia Turme megrelebis STamo-

mavloba, magram arafers ambobs imaze,

rom azerbaijanelebi pretenzias acx-

adeben daviT garejze, vinaidan mas al-

banelebis mier aSenebulad miiCneven da

radganac isini Turqebisa da al-

banelebis STamomavlebad iTvlebian,

Txouloben daviT garejs azerbai-

janelebi moemsaxuron. swored am kat-

egoriis xalxi aZlevs maT safuZvels

daviT garejze pretenzia ganacxadon.

yovel SemTxvevaSi, vin ras fiqrobs, amas

ara aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba, vinaidan

es aris qarTuli eTnosis obieqturi is-

toria. minda mivmarTo qarTul sazo-

gadoebas:

_ batonebo! araferia sagangaSo imaSi,

rom qarTuli eTnosis saTaveebTan

megrelebi aRmoCndebian, kaxelebi,

qarTlelebi Tu sxva qarTuli teri-

toriuli jgufis warmomadgenlebi,

aramed mTavaria, rom yvelani erTi eT-

nosis, erTi genis da jiSis, erTi enisa

da sarwmunoebis, saerTo qarTuli cno-

bierebis mqone WeSmariti qarTvelebi

varT.

anzor Sonia, “fazisi” akademiis namdvili wevri

qarTvelebi erTi eTnosis xalxia

16 marti 2010 ilori2

Zalze gagvaxara zugdidis akaki

wereTlis saxelobis #1 sajaro sko-

lis mesveurTa da moswavleTa ini-

ciativam _ 2009 wlis dekemberSi maT

gamosces SesaniSnavad gaformebuli

Jurnali “Cven pirvelebi”, romlis

mizania moswavleTa niWis gamovlena,

sazogadoebasTan TanamSromloba,

maswavleblis, moswavlis da mSoblis

azrTa urTierTgaziareba. gazafxulis

am mercxlis gamoCenisTanave, Jurnalis

mTavari redaqtori qalbatoni naTia

jguSia yvelas ulocavs Jurnalis

daarsebas da gamoTqvams Rrma rwmenas,

rom mis furclebze mravali Rirseuli

Taoba datovebs Tavis kvals da

gaikafavs gzas bednieri momavlisaken.

saxalxo moZraoba “samegrelo” da

gazeT “iloris” redaqcia savsebiT

eTanxmebian qalbaton naTias mosazre-

bas da Tvlis, rom amgvari perioduli

gamocemebis siWarbe sazogadoebas di-

dad daexmareba Rirseuli patriotebiT

SevsebaSi, rac TavisTavad Seamcirebs

xelisuflebaSi mokalaTebul man-

qurTTa ricxvsa da saqarTvelos

dasaSlelad da sabolood dasangre-

vad daqiravebulTa Zalisxmevas, rac

did safrTxes uqadis Cvens mraval-

tanjul mamuls, enasa da sarwmunoebas...

aRniSnuli skolis damoukide-

blobam, gamWvirvaleobam da saja-

roobam misca saSualeba skolas,

daearsebina Jurnali, romlis ganxor-

cielebis ideac skolis direqtoris

movaleobis Semsrulebels baton

Tamaz Tordias ekuTvnis. aseve didi am-

agi dasdes Jurnalis gamocemis saqmes

skolis direqtoris pirvelma moadg-

ilem qalbatonma lali Sanavam da

TviT skolis mosawavleebma, romlebmac

SeurCies saxelwodeba “Cven pirvelebi”.

es ki imas niSnavs, rom Jurnalis

daarsebis iniciatorebi zugdidis

pirveli sajaro skolis moswavleebi

arian da es marTlac pirvelia

saqarTvelos skolaTa Soris, visac

dReidan sakuTari perioduli sain-

formacio-literaturuli gamocema

eqneba.

Jurnals dafuZvnebas ulocaven am

skolis yofili moswavle, amJamad pen-

sioneri valiko kemularia, zugdidis

municipalitetis gamgeobis ganaTlebis,

kulturis, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis,

axalgazrdul saqmeTa samsaxuris

ufrosi madona jabua, skolis kurs-

damTavrebulebi nineli WiTanava, daviT

fifia, jimSer Serozia, Teona logua,

zugdidis macxovris karis eklesiis

winamZRvari, dekanozi giorgi (jguSia),

skolis sameurveo sabWos Tavmjdomare

marine Tirqia, pedagogi nona goginava

da sxvebi.

aqvea dabeWdili mogoneba SesaniSnav

moqalaqeebsa da pedagogebze: qal-

legendaze, skolis yofil direqtorze

qalbaton luiza cimintiaze, da aseve

yofil direqtorze SoTa xubulavaze,

romelTa naTel xsovnas mowiwebiT in-

axavs ara mxolod samegrelos mravali

Taoba.

Cven ki gansakuTrebiT gagvaxara im

garemoebam, rom Jurnalis avtorTa

Soris sakmaod didi adgili ukavia

Cveni “veterani” avtoris, 15 wlis gior-

gi (gia) gobeCias Semoqmedebas. misi mok-

le biografia da leqsebi Cven amas

winaT warvudgineT “iloris” mk-

iTxvelebs. axla ki didi siamovnebiT

gTavazobT axalgazrda Semoqmedis

gigla gobeCias prozaul Canaxats da

TaTia jiblaZis werils “afxaz Tana-

tolebTan”, romlebic gamoqveynebulia

Jurnal “Cven pirvelebi”-s pirvel

nomerSi.

adami Ze uflisa

uiRblo da ucnobi poeti adami

susxian Rames gareT iyo. cioda magram

ra eqna. adams saxlic hqonda da nor-

maluri saSualebac, magram sami wlis

win dayida mTeli qoneba da aTas

sisuleleSi daxarja. exla imkis

kidec Tavisas...

zedmetad moWarbebuli Tavdajere-

ba imis mimarT, rom potenciuri da ge-

niosi poeti iyo bavSvobidanve moyve-

boda, magram adamma mxolod Tavis

patara qalaqSi gaiTqva saxeli, ro-

gorc aranormaluri, giJpoeta. sxvaTa

Soris isic unda aRiniSnos, rom mis

leqsebs skolis axalgazrdoba itaceb-

da, mobilurebiT vrceldeboda. misi

leqsebi yvelam icoda, rom es adami iyo,

gvari ki miviwyebuli hqondaT...

adamma Tavisi qoneba imitom dayida,

rom Zalian undoda Raribi yofiliyo...

misi warmodgeniT Raribi adamiani

ufro metad mdidaria sulierad, vidre

SeZlebuli... aseve am saqmeSi xels isic

uwyobda, rom did poetTa umravleso-

ba Rarib-Rataki iyo da Tavisi azriT

swored siRaribeSia poetTa warmatebis

saidumlo.

adami sxva mgosnebisagan gansx-

vavebiT papiross ar eweoda. amas

Semdegi filosofia edo safuZvlad:

Cveni cxovreba imdenad moklea, rom ar

Rirs ufro metad SevamokloT.

adami yvelaferSi pirdapiri iyo. igi

Tvlida, rom: pirdapiroba adamianebs

saSualebas aZlevs adaptaciaSi ama Tu

im sakiTxTan da naklebad mtkivneulia

misi Sedegebi vidre arapirdapirobis,

romelic uTuod erTxel gamJRavndeba...

amis gamo zogs uyvars, zogs ara.

radgan vis uxaris yovelTvis

simarTlia mosmena. adamians lamazi

tyuili ufro uxaria vidre sazareli

simarTle. adami pirdapiri rom iyo ar-

niSnavs, rom tyuilebi ar uyvarda, ma-

gram adami amtkicebda: Cemi tyuilebi

aravis vnebs. me vambob vityuebi, radgan

poeti var da tyuilebis SeTxzva Cemi

profesiaa. ufro metic, igi sasarge-

bloa adamianis sulieri janmrTelo-

bisaTvis. is kiTxulobs Cems nawerebs.

gaocebaSi mohyavs saocar ambavs. mere

ra, rom tyuilia. igi mas Tavis cx-

ovrebaSi iyenebs da iZens gamocdile-

bas... ase rom, Cemi tyuilic odesRac

viRacis xelSi simarTled gadaiqceva.

adams siyvarulTan dakavSirebiTac

hqonda Tavisebuli Sexeduleba. mi-

uxedavad imisa, rom arasodes hyvarebia,

is ambobda: siyvaruli erTi wignia da

rogorc mogexsenebaT ar arsebobs

iseTi wigni, rom masSi saintereso ram

ar moiZebnos. me vemijnebi im eposur

gadmonaSTs TiTqosda siyvaruli

araamqveyniuria. diaxac rom aseTi

lamazi imitomaa, rom amqveyniuria. Cven,

adamianebma, unda viswavloT uflis-

mieri qveynis pativiscema. Cven TviTonve

viqmniT jojoxeTs aq. modiT yvelam

movindomoT siyvaruliT da gana

dedamiwaze ar SeiZleba SevqmnaT ede-

mi...

adams Tavisi damokidebuleba hqon-

da omTan dakavSirebiT: Carlz darvi-

ni bolomde ar cdeboda, adamianebs

maimunis STamomavlebs rom uwodebda.

me es gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT mesmis.

gana omebi raa, Tu ara gadmonaSTi Cveni

cxoveluri instinqtisa. erTmaneTis

Wama da Cxubi cxovelebis saqmea...

SesaniSnavi saSualeba _ ena gviboZa

ufalma, rom erTmaneTisa gagvego. Cven

ki yurebi SlamiT amovivseT da erT-

maneTis ar gvesmis... erTi adamiani Tu

eri arasodes SeiZleba iyos bolomde

marTali an pirwmindad mtyuani. me

moviTxov: msoflio liderebi, ukle-

bliv yvela nacionalobisa da rasisa,

Seikribos da ise moiqcnen, rom yvela

erTi sikeTiT damuxton. ar gegonoT

globalizaciis momxre var. piriqiT,

Cemze didi nacionali ar meguleba

qveyanaze... adams aqac hqonda Tavisi

Sexeduleba: ar miyvars sityva patri-

oti. arseboben saqarTveloSi eriskace-

bi, jariskacebi da samRvdeloebis

pirebi. me aSkarad eriskaci var...

mocemuli nawerebidan sakmaod

didi STabeWdileba SegiqmeniT

adamze. is ufro metad filosofosi

gaxldaT, vidre poeti. Tavis erT

leqsSi wers:

wuTisoflidan warmavali waval

odesme,

me is madardebs ras davtoveb, xsovnis

furcelad,

mxolod sami msurs, am qveynidan, rom

wavitano:

Cemi leqsebi, siyvaruli, Tavisufleba.

adami Zalian bevrs fiqrobda

amqveyniurisa da imqveyniuris raobaze

da urTierTdapirispirebebze. us-

amarTlobad miaCnda is, rom arafris

waReba ar SeuZlia. Tumca, igic xom

arafriT movida am qveyanaze... magram

bednierebad miaCnia is, rom SeuZlia da-

tovos aq rame, aqauri monagari aqve

unda darCeso, ambobda igi...

ukvdavebis saidumlo swored eg

aris _ me da Cemi nawerebi vic-

ocxlebT sxvis fiqrebSi. adre Tu

erTi Tavi mqonda, sikvdilis Semdeg

uamravis TavSi CavZvrebi...

adams swamda, rom sikvdilis Semdeg

uTuod daafasebdnen, radgan micvale-

buli ufro metad fasobso, ambobda is...

adami wels Seyvarebulia, pirvelad

ganicdis am grZnobas da, ai, rogor aR-

wers mas: bavSvi yvelafers ufrose-

bisagan swavlobs, ecnoba samyaros,

xolo didebi siyvaruls patarebis-

agan vswavlobT, radgan swored siy-

varulis dros emsgavseba bavSvs da

masaviT iqcevao... Cemi pirveli siy-

varuli, pirveli nanaxi Tovlia da

mTeli zamTari axali welia CemTvis...

siyvaruli adre marto hormonebi meg-

ona, axla ki ufals ara marto

fiqrisaTvis, aramed siyvarulis Seg-

rZnebis mocemisaTvis vuxdi mad-

lobas.

sul raRac ori Tu sami dRe darCa

zamTramde. Ramea da civa adamsac,

romelic axla gareT dgas da Tavisi

didebiT aris mTvrali.

giorgi gobeCia

werili afxaz Tanatolssalami, Cemo Zvirfaso afxazo mego-

baro!

yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom

qarTvelebsa da afxazebs Soris daZ-

abuli urTierTobaa, magram, miuxedavad

amisa, mainc Cems megobrad gTvli da

minda Cvens saerTo tkivilze ise gu-

laxdilad gesaubro, rogorc didi

xnis uaxloes megobars.

adre afxazeTsa da saqarTvelos

Soris samagaliTo urTierToba iyo,

maT urTierTobaze uamravi leqsi Se-

qmnila. erT-erTi maTgania SoTa niS-

nianiZis “afxazuri kantata”, sadac

yvelaferi naTlad aris gadmocemuli:

marTlac rom ase iyo. qarTveli da

afxazi xalxi erTmaneTs mudam gverd-

Si edga, exmareboda WirSic da lxin-

Sic. roca erTs uWirda, meore mis

dasaxmareblad garboda da Zal-Rones

ar iSurebda, Tavs ar zogavda

amisaTvis. dasanania, rom es axlac ase

ar xdeba da amaSi orive mxarea

damnaSave, afxaznic da qarTvelnic.

Tumca, xeli ar unda CaviqnioT da far-

xmali ar unda davyaroT, unda vecadoT,

Zveli urTierTobebi ganvaaxloT da

gavaumjobesoT.

garda saerTo tkivilisa, Cven,

qarTvelebsa da afxazebs, sarwmunoe-

bac gvaerTianebs. marTalia, arian

sxva sarwmunoebis mimdevrebic, ma-

gram oficialurad es ori eri marTl-

madidebeli qristianobis mimdevaria.

Tanamedrove afxazeTis qristianobas

adasturebs am regionSi arsebuli

qristianuli arqiteqtura da simbo-

lika.

“afxazi gogonas dRiurSi” erT afx-

az gogonas gadmocemuli aqvs Tavisi

grZnobebi da gancdebi im periodSi,

roca qarTvelebsa da afxazebs Soris

sastiki omi iyo gaCaRebuli, magram, mi-

uxedavad amisa, is mainc ar iyo gam-

borotebuli, arc qarTvelebi sZulda,

arc afxazebi da arc sxva erovnebis

xalxi. uyvarda, zlier uyvarda erTic

da meorec.

afxazeTi ganTqmulia floriTa da

fauniT, marTalia me iq arasdros vy-

ofilvar, magram ufrosebisgan gamigia

da suraTebic minaxavs. me aRtacebuli

var misi silamaziT da simSvenieriT.

guli Semtkiva, rom es umSvenieresi ter-

itoria saqarTvelos aRar ekuTvnis. ime-

di maqvs, rom es aboboqrebuli qariSx-

ali rodisme Cadgeba, dakargul teri-

toriebs davibrunebT moZme xalxTan er-

Tad, afxazsa da qarTvel xalxs Soris

isev Zveleburad kargi, megobruli da

samagaliTo urTierToba Camoyalibde-

ba. “megobroba cxovrebas amkobs. es

saTuTi yvavilia, erTi gaufrTxilebe-

li Sexeba da yvavili daWkneba”.

TaTia jiblaZe

Cven pirvelebi varT...

16 marti 2010 ilori 3

saqarTvelosaqarTvelos ca cremlad iRvreba,

yoveldRe tiris krwanisTan mtkvari,

es Cemi gulic ise imsxvreva,

rom var krwanisTan aTasjer mkv-

dari.

SoriT mosuli warsulis eqo

is Samqoridan basianamde,

es bazaleTi kisramde gveyo

da wiwamurTan vkvdebiT aqamde.

TiTqos mTawmindac muxlze

damdgara,

romlis saflavi ar dgas yiraze,

yvela devgmiri fexze amdgara

satanebis da mterTa jinaze.

cxireTs sveneba araras gvizams

jobs, rom mters davxvdeT martyofis

velze,

xom xedavT, miwa saocrad gminavs

da borkils vixsniT orive xelze.

wminda giorgi, wmidaTa wmida

kvlav gagviZRveba didgorze omad,

Tamar dedofal me SenTan minda

rusTvels Sevejibro Sendami xot-

bad.

giorgi gobeCia

wuTisoflidan warmavali waval odesme,

me is madardebs ras davtoveb, xsovnis furcelad,

mxolod sami msurs, am qveynidan, rom wavitano:

Cemi leqsebi, siyvaruli, Tavisufleba.

“qori wiwilas afxazeTSi

Tu itacebda,

hau, hauo gviyviria

samegreloSi...

erT cas, erT haers rogorc

unda, rodi vafasebT,

erTi mamali aRviZebda

odiS-afxazeTs”...

sergei kremliovi

beria _ XX saukunis saukeTeso

menejeri Targmani roland jalaRaniasi

4 ilori16 marti 2010

es ar gaxldaT TiTidan gamowovili

braldeba. es gaxldaT im wlebSi ga-

CaRebuli faruli omi sabWoTa kavSi-

ris winaaRmdeg.

sityvam moitana, da imasac aRvniSnavT,

rom TviT zakovski 1938 wels daapa-

timres da daxvrites germanelebsa da

polonelebTan mavnebluri kavSire-

bis gabmis braldebiT. magram zemoT-

moyvanili werili sruliadac ar aba-

Tilebs mis winaaRmdeg wamoyenebul

braldebas. upirvelesad, pso-s mxile-

bas axdenda ara zakovski, aramed be-

lorusi Cekistebi. meorec, pso-s ga-

nadgureba xels aZlevda germanelebs,

raTa SeemcirebinaT polonelTa gav-

lena ruseTSi mimdinare procesebze.

TavisTavad, belorusiis srulufle-

biani warmomadgenlis Setyobineba ko-

mentars ar saWiroebs.

amasTan, zakovski-Stubisis mimarT

wayenebuli braldeba sruliadac ar

gaxlavT SeTxzuli, miuxedavad imisa,

rom am pirovnebas sakmaod saxelova-

ni revoluciuri warsuli gaaCnda.

sxvaTa Soris, 1987 wels xelisufle-

bam aRiara, rom misi saqmis gadasinj-

vis safuZveli ar arsebobda (marTalia,

“demokratebs“ Zalian swyurodaT Su-

risZieba, magram...).

samwuxarod, arc wignia rezinisagan

gakeTebuli da amitom ver moviyvan imis

srul mtkicebulebebs, Tu rogor xde-

boda rigi bolSevikebis gadagvareba,

Tundac iseT dokuments, rogoricaa vi-

Rac “g”-s vrceli werili, romelic

moskovis qalaqkomSi pirdapir xruS-

Covis saxelze iyo dawerili da masve

Cabarda. am “keTilismsurvelma” we-

rils moaxia misi gamomgzavnis koor-

dinatebi da saTanado organoebs daa-

vala misi gamokvleva Semdegi rezo-

luciiT: “gamoiZieT yvelaferi, magram

ise, rom me nuRar SemawuxebT”.

moskovis saqalaqo komitetidan aR-

niSnuli werili SinsaxkomSi moxvda.

iqidan ki, Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo ko-

misris moadgilem agranovma stalins

gadaugzavna. msurvelebs SeuZliaT ga-

ecnon am saintereso dokuments (do-

kumenti #539, furceli #683) fond “de-

mokratiis” kapitalur gamocemaSi _

“liubianka. stalini da sakavSiro

Ceka-mTavari politsaammarTvelo-Si-

nagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariati. 1922

wlis ianvari _ 1936 wlis dekemberi”,

romlis avtoria a. iakovlevi.

am werilSi uamravi saintereso ram

sweria, magaliTad, abel enuqiZeze, rom-

lis ocneba iyo “gamxdariyo rusi ruz-

velti”, ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamda

Zvel bolSevikebisadmi agdebuli da-

mokidebulebiT da moiTxovda wina-

aRmdegobis moZraobis gaZlierebas,

romlis organizeba didad saWirod mi-

aCnda, da saubrobda im gegmis Taoba-

ze, romelic, abelis sityvebiT rom

vTavaT, “saSualebas mogvcems gadavag-

doT TviT mzis Suqis damCrdilavi

odiozuri pirovneba”.

gana saWiroa imis ganmarteba, Tu vis

gulisxmobda enuqiZe am “odiozeur pi-

rovnebaSi”? magram konkretulad vis

gulisxmobda igi “Zvel bolSevikebSi”?

es ukve Cekistebs unda daedginaT. ase

rom, am erTaderT werilSi warmoqmni-

li “gordias kvanZis” gaxsna da mowi-

naaRmdegeTa gamovlena konkretuli

mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze, sulac ar

gaxldaT ioli saqme da bunebrivia, Ce-

kistebi Tavs ar aitkivebdnen kidev ra-

Rac damatebiTi falcificirebuli

faqtebis moipovebiT. Tundac imitom,

rom maT saamisod dro aRar rCebodaT

da aRarc araqaTi gaaCndaT, radgan

“lipa” cnobebis Segrovebas da aku-

ratulad akinZvas sakmaod didi Za-

lisxmeva sWirdeba. vis sWirdeba zed-

meti xlaforTi da Tavismtvreva?

amisTana ueWveli da mwvave momen-

tebis mimaniSnebeli dokumenturi mtki-

cebulebebi ki am krebulSi aTeulobiT

da aseulobiTac ki moipoveba, rac

mkiTxvelma Cemi TxovniT unda irwmu-

nos.

magram me jer kidev ar damimTavre-

bia frinovskis ambis moyola, romel-

mac TiTqos operatiuli saqmianobis

mxriv bevrad gaaswro “umecar” eJovs.

me arc amaSi mepareba eWvi. ueWvelia,

rom dazvervis uaRresad faqiz saqme-

ebSi nikoloz ivanes Ze eJovi myisie-

rad ver gaerkveoda, magram, erTianoba-

Si...

erTianobaSi arc nikoloz ivanes Ze

eJovs hqonda mTlad “kancelariis

virTxis” biografia!

putilovis qarxnis kvalificiuri

muSa eJovi, 1915 wlidan rigiT jarisa-

kacad msaxurobda lidis 172-e fexo-

sanTa polkSi, monawileobas iRebda

brZolebSi, mZimed daiWra da 1916 wels

demobilizaciaSi gauSves. imave wlis

dasasruls kvlav gaiwvies axali pe-

tergofis saTadarigo polkSi. didi

oqtombris socialisturi revoluci-

is Semdeg vitebskis rkinigzis sadgu-

ris komisaria, mogvianebiT ki partiul

samuSaoze gadahyavT. erTi periodi ya-

zaxeTSi ibrZoda basmaCebis winaaRmdeg.

komunisturi partiis(b) centralu-

ri komitetis saaRricxvo-ganmanawi-

lebel ganyofilebasa da partiuli

kontrolis komisaSi muSaoba mas Tan-

daTan aaxloebda Cekistur saqmiano-

basTan. misi “patronisa” da proteq-

toris moskvinis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,

eJovs TiTqmis yovelTvis Ralatobda

zomierebis grZnoba _ mudam inerciiT

miiwevda win da TavSekaveba da damu-

xruWeba uWirda. SeiZleba asec iyo, ma-

gram iseTi akuratistebi, rogoric

eJovi iyo, piriqiT, verasodes aRwevdnen

saqmis SuagulSi.

misi sajaro gamosvlebis

stenografiuli Canawerebi ki

metyveleben avtoris niWsa da kompe-

tenturobaze (aRsaniSnavia misi

gamosvla kp centraluri komitetis

plenumze 1937 wlis Teberval-martSi,

romlebic damajereblad avseben Cems

mier nimuSad moyvanil “g”-s werils).

da mainc, ssrk Sinagan saqmeTa sax-

alxo komisariatis sistemaSi gasa-

tarebeli konstruqciuli gardaqm-

nebis struqturaSi eJovi uimedod

gaixlarTa, iseve, rogorc igi gaixlar-

Ta sakuTar cxovrebaSi.

amitom, 1939 wlis dasawyisSi Sinagan

saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatSi uamravi

ram unda Secvliliyo, aseve _ uamravi

xalxic. upirvelesad, 1937-1938 wlebis

“operaciaTa” mimdinareobam, ase Tu ise,

mravali mxriT gamoavlina Sinsaxkomis

sistemaSi saqmianobisaTvis uvargisi

uamravi TanamSromeli. maT Soris

aseve bevri iyo saeWvo personaJic...

igive frinovski, berias SinsaxkomSi

mosvlidan, maleve gaanTavisufles sam-

saxuridan, magram daapatimres mx-

olod 1939 wlis 6 aprils (daxvreta

ki sakmaod didi xnis Semdeg _ 1940

wlis 8 Tebervals miusajes). misi da-

patimrebis mizezi ki gaxldaT is, rom

frinovskiSi jer kidev mZlavrad giz-

gizebda avanturistuli naperwkali.

igi maSin ar gaxldaT “Zveli bolSe-

viki...”

da kidev iagoda-eJovis droindeli

Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisris

kidev erTi moadgile _ iakob agranovi.

istorikosi genadi kostirCenko Tavisi

sainformacio xasiaTis wignSi “stal-

inis saidumlo politika” uamrav Rvar-

Zls anTxevs stalinisa da berias mi-

marT da “adasturebs”, rom agranovi im-

sxverpla saxalxo komisrad axlad-

daniSnulma beriam. es winaswarSegneb-

ulad SeTiTxnili binZuri cil-

iswamebaa, radgan agranovi daapatimres

1937 wlis 20 ivliss, gasamarTlda

umaRlesi sasamarTlos samxedro

kolegiis mier, 1938 wlis 1 agvistos

miesaja daxvreta da ganaCeni imave

dRes iqna moyvanili sisruleSi. beria

ki moskovSi gadaiyvanes mxolod 22

agvistos _ am ambidan zustad sami

kviris Semdeg.

vfiqrob, rom genadi kostirCenkos

mier SemTxveviT ar aris daSvebuli es

uzustoba. swored aseTi faqtebis

JonglirebiT iqmneboda berias, rogorc

“sisxliT gaumaZRari jalaTis” saxe.

kostirCenkos monografias xom

soliduri nawarmoebTa Soris ukavia

adgili _ igi gamoSvebulia moskovis

gamomcemloba “saerTaSoriso urTier-

TobaTa” mier ruseTis mecnierebaTa

akademiis ruseTis istoriis insti-

tutis egidiT (ruseTis ebraelTa kon-

gresis finansuri mxardaWeriT).

agranovis pirovnebaze mopovebul

sabuTebSi arsad moixsenieben, rom

vidre 1925 wels igi bolSevikuri par-

tiis wevri gaxdeboda, 1912 wlidan igi

iyo eserTa partiis wevri, 1919 wels iyo

saxkomsabWos mdivani, 1921 wels ki

mcire saxkomsabWos mdivani. swored

eserulma warsulma da bolSevikur

“elitaSi” trialma gauCina agranovs

mzardi politikuri ambicia.

amrigad, berias saqmiani urTierTo-

ba uwevda ara yofil eJovelebTan,

aramed iagodelebTanac, romlebic Sin-

saxkomSi movidnen maSin, roca trock-

istebi isxdnen ara cixeebSi, aramed

maRal saxelisuflebo kabinetebSi.

samagierod eJovis drois “axal-

wveulebi” berias xelSi davaJkacdnen,

gaikaJnen da unarian muSakebad Camoy-

alibdnen. maT ganaTlebis saTanado

donec gaaCndaT. Tavis droze Cven

gavecnobiT vitali pavlovs _ opera-

cia “Tovlis” monawiles. is da misi

aTasobiT Tanatoli SinsaxkomSi mivid-

nen eJovis dros cimbiris avtosagzao

institutis damTavrebis Semdeg. igi ar-

avis daupatimrebia. piriqiT _ awinau-

rebdnen xolme.

beriaze saintereso wignis avtori

elena prudnikova wers (marTalia, oc-

daaTiani wlebis movlenaTa Taobaze):

“ras warmoadgens im drois tipiuri

Cekisti?.. TiTqmis yvela doneze, qve-

modan zemoT, Ceka gadavsebuli iyo nax-

evradganaTlebuli kadrebiT, romlebic

oqtombris revoluciam da samoqalaqo

omma amoativtiva. ase magaliTad, cno-

bil zakovskis ori klasis ganaTleba

hqonda, agranovs _ 4 klasis... eseni iyv-

nen gaunaTlebeli, sastiki, uprincipo

avantiuristebi...”

vitali pavlovis da misi amxanagebi

aSkarad ver sxdebodnen am sqemaSi.

“maRali eSelonebisa” ki ra mo-

gaxsenoT...

Cemis azriT, aq prudnikova gadaZala

berias “raindad” warmoCenis survil-

ma misi “sastiki” da “ulmobeli”

winamorbedebis fonze da igi arc Tu

kritikulad miudga mogvianebiT Seqm-

nil kritikul daxasiaTebebs im gamoCe-

nili Cekistebisa, romlebic saqmi-

anobdnen sakavSiro Cekas, politsam-

marTvelos da pirveli Sinsaxkomis

rigebSi. gana swored es daxasiaTebe-

bi ar maxinjdeboda SemdgomSi?

igive agranovi Zalian kargad ic-

nobda averbaxs, mandelStams, pilniaks,

brikebs, maiakovskis... axla zogjer amt-

kicebddnen, rom am ukanasknelis

“TviTmkvlelobaSi” agranovis xeli

eria da, ufro metic, TviTmkvlelobis

organizatori igi iyoo. es gamoricx-

uli ar aris, iseve, rogorc gamoricx-

uli ar aris maiakovskis

TviTmkvlelobaSi averbaxisa da osip

brikis monawileoba. magram, agranovi ar

SeiZleba miviCnioT umecar da rux

adamianad. mis bunebaSi ido “meore

Ziri”, magram, rogorc pirovneba, igi

aSkarad ar gaxldaT araordinaluri.

visac surs, rom es mtkicebuleba irw-

munos, Tvali gadaavlos agranovis

mier daweril mravalgverdian naSroms:

“1918-1919 wlebSi kontrrevoluciuri

organizaciebis moqmedebaTa mimoxil-

va”, romelic srulad Sevida

“sakavSiro sagangebo komisiis wiTel

wignSi”. RmerTma yvela saxelmwifos

misces iseTi “umecari” mosamsaxure, ro-

goric am mimoxilvis 26 wlis avtori

iyo.

da nu dagvaviwydeba _ anton

makarenko, dimitri medvedevi, aleqsan-

dre lukini, giorgi briancevi da mw-

eral iuri germanis nawarmoebis gmire-

bi ivane lapSini da altusi _ ociani

wlebis Cekistebi iyvnen. ase rom, beria

da misi “axalwveulebi” movidnen arc

Tu uniWo da umecari xalxis

Sesacvlelad.

ufro metic! me ara var darwmunebu-

li, rom Tavidan beria stalinma

moskovSi gaiwvia mxolod eJovis

Sesacvlelad. ratomRac yuradRebas ar

aqceven im garemoebas, rom beria dainiSna

ara ubralod sakavSiro Sinagan saqmeTa

saxalxo komisris pirvel moadgiled,

aramed igi gaxda saxelmwifo uSiS-

roebis mTavari sammarTvelos ufrosi,

romelSic Sedioda gare dazverva.

swored Sinsaxkomis mzveravebi gaexvnen

samjer SarSi, vidre maT Sefad lavren-

ti beria dainiSneboda.

jer samSoblos uRalata uSiSroe-

bis kapitanma egnate stanislavis Ze

reisem (naTan markis Ze porecki). igi be-

rias Tanatoli iyo, daibada avstro-un-

greTSi, galiciaSi, garkveuli xnis

manZilze swavlobda venis univer-

sitetis iuridiul fakultetze, 1917

wels ki bolSevikebs miemxro.

poloneTSi eweoda aralegalur saqmi-

anobas, muSaobda muSur-glexuri

wiTeli armiis sadazvervo sam-

marTveloSi, 1931 wels gadaiyvanes

mTavar politikur sammarTveloSi _

ucxoeTis ganyofilebaSi. imyofeboda

holandiaSi, magram saqmianobda

safrangeTSic. 1937 wlis ivlisSi

reise gamoiZaxes moskovSi, magram igi

ruseTSi aRar dabrunebula. amave

wlis 17 ivliss frangul gazeTebSi

gamoaqveyna stalinis mamxilebeli sta-

tiebi da aseve Riad miemxro trockis.

reise 1937 welsve gaanadgures Sin-

saxkomis agentebma lozanaSi, magram

stalini sagareo dazvervis mTavar sam-

marTvelos ukve aRar endoboda.

gagrZeleba iqneba

5ilori 16 marti 2010

megruli poeziis rafsodiagazeTi “ilori”

agrZelebs

leqsebis

ciklis beWdvas

cnobili

qarTveli

poetis laSa

gaxarias wigni-

dan “iriaToni”

(beqilia-

nabordiSa).

Tena rduo Cqim sizmari _

Tolcg almafafuduni,

tyaSmafaSi ngrsi Tuma

anTasfaTi fxarTgndgni,,

oCokoCiS Cilamuri

irfelc uCaT Rafunduni,

diaCqimiS wgrwinua

sofelc akmokaTgnduni?!

baRanobas lakvaCxgremc

arTianc qimvoCxinCxolandi,

nocecxeli gecendgni _

Tizma faras ifCxonandi!

ukul bzojgndi did dadia _

oqro-varCxilc gifCxomandi

do Tejgua WyolofaSen,

RoronT, mardis gijRonandi...

mara irfel tyura yofed _

zRvaSa ginorRvafil qviSa,

muTunc vagnorzebuedu

ugamagaS WarkontiSa...

aTaS Sqgren-yumenulqu

dud qimibRi SqaborjiSa,

jiStis ginoWaruedg _

Cxe yeburiS nabordiSa!

afxas muTi gerWaruni,

Tina yofe koCiS bedi;

sqan daCxirsg vakarzancg

SxvaS kveci do SxvaS abedi.

uRus aTvaRvarkaluqi

almarCqile meWeWeTi,

amdRar dRaSa Cqim muricxis

vamkolafu aka WveTi.

mara iSeni gurs miZaxu,

Suri xolo wgme JRoncg,

Cqim oxvamur jveS lagvani

aTuyurSu birjRal Wyoncg.

birgulc Wyana aSabrzuni,

denjarebu oCo kocg,

agafasg ekvosquqg do

wgme bedi memijRoncg.

goRa fandurc giqubardRe

“odoia” gigvobiri,

Sors malaRurq qimioTvalg,

gobibrondi, Sur mifxiri.

jveS orkoli qifxvamile,

qinvoRafi xerkes Rvini,

Rurelefcg Sur quSine,

Tel do Rurel qggibSini.

Wara

arkvaniSe geSamsxupe,

qomxutole Cxe xurxuSa,

nirs TumaTg gakofqiti,

vegmonjire Cqim xujiSa;

Tolwox awmakiloTugq,

yuru meryunq anTariSa,

mu Surdgumus awarine

sqanner unZe TanTariSa?!

didaS ZuZu midamRi do

sqan mowine tyob-tyobiSe;

muTi qalmofurcqinini,

irfel arTo qobobrdiSe;

zRvaS CupaSe mijineqg,

minSax _ emer, caqvinjiSe;

sqan naJamas muS gemoSa

varT aWare, varT aWyiSe!

ras niSnavda cxad-sizmari,

Cems Tvalebs rom eseoda,

tyaSimafas (tyis mefe) nisli-

Tmebi

aTas xlarTiT rom mxlar-

Tavda.

oCokoCis cremli Savad

rom Rebavda yovelives.

dedaCemi rom kioda

mTeli soflis Sesayrelad?!

bavSvobaSi rom muguzlebs

erTurTs SevuCuCxunebdi,

rom scvioda naperwkali _

imden oqro-fuls vnatrobdi.

mere viyav did-batoni

saCuqrebiT avsebuli.

da aseTi wyalobisTvis,

RmerTs madlobas vugzav-

nidi...

magram Turme amaoa,

yoveli, viT zRvaSi qviSa.

veraferi aRudgeba,

ubedobis qarborbalas.

ase mSier da mwyurvalma

am Jamamde movaRwie,

magram jiStze (Zveli Tovli)

werebula

keriasTan nabodvari.

kacs rac beWze aewria

is yofila misi bedi,

ver daanTebs mis kerias

sxvisi kvesi da abedi.

uRels vwevdi cxovrebisa,

damnaToda varskvlaveTi,

dReia-dRemde bedis varskv-

lavs

aRar moswyvetia wveTi.

guli isev ise merCis,

suli isev win miiwevs,

xolo qvevri salocavi

bermuxis qveS ars Cafluli.

Zala Cemi muxlebisa

oCokoCsac SeSurdeba,

mivsdev guTans, vxnav da vTe-

sav,

win mimiZRvis guTnisdeda...

guSin fandurs Camovkari,

odoia davamRere,

Sors akvnesda molaRuri...

gaocebiT xma gavkminde.

doqs davtace xeli, mere

xerkiT (tardagebuli ayiro)

Rvino Camovasxi,

gardacvlilTa cxonebisa

vTqvi, cocxlebic va-

dRegrZele.

muza (bediswera)

Camixute akvnidanve

CamiTbune Tbil ubeSi,

Seni Tmebis mislSi mxvevdi,

ver davweqi Cems gemoze.

ar masveneb, ar maZineb,

brma migyavar Jin-anTarTan

(saqonlis mfarveli)

vin suldgmuli daudgeba

win Sens verag ardandobas.

gamomtace dedis ZuZu,

damawafe Sens mkerds valad,

rurSi rac ki CamCurCule _

yvelaferi mabodvine.

xan amyureb zRvis Wipidan,

xan damyureb cis fskeridan,

gaTvaluli _ Cems gemoze

verca vwer da verca vmwy-

evsav.

Jurnalis eka jafoSvilis es werili samiod wlis

winaT daibeWda gazeT “dioskuriaSi”, magram igi sain-

teresoa da amitomac gadavwyviteT, kidev erTxel

SevTavazoT Cvens mkiTxvelebs.

“upirveles yovlisa gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes

faqti, rom adamianebma Tavisi bolo uSualo kavSi-

ri sulier samyarosTan daaxloebiT oTxi aTasi

wlis win dahkarges” (rudolf Staineri _ “vardi-

sa da jvris saidumloeba”, gv.3). vfiqrobT mniSvne-

lovani werilobiTi dadasturebaa cnobili an-

Troposofosis da udidesi mecnier-filosofosis

rudolf Staineris mxridan imisa, rom arsebobs oT-

xiaTaswlovani tabudadebuli RvTiuri saidumlo-

ebani, romelic identificirebulia qarTuli “la-

zares” oTxi aTaswlovan miZinebasTan, anu “sikvdil-

Tan”.

dainteresebuli sazogadoebisaTvis cnobilia

Sua saukuneebis rozenkreiceruli moZraoba da “var-

disa da jvris saZmos” saxeliT cnobili mimdina-

reoba. maTi saidumlo saRvTismetyvelo moZRvrebis

safuZvlebs warmoadgens igavebSi tabudadebuli sai-

dumlo sibrZne. maTi simbolikis ZiriTadi atribu-

tebia jvari da mewamuli vardi. aRniSnuli “saZmos”

wevrebi da am saudumlos ziarebuli “xeldasxmu-

lebi” ganmartaven mewamuli vardis simbolur da-

niSnulebas, xolo jvriTa da vardiT simbolizebul

saidumlo Sinaarss ar an ver xsnian, rasac Tavisi

obieqturi mizezebi gaaCnia, ris Sesaxebac qvemoT mo-

gaxsenebT. manamde ki aucilebelia mcire komentari

gavakeToT amgvari mimdinareobisa da saZmoebis Se-

saxeb.

unda gagaxsenoT, rom “lazares sikvdilis” oTxi

aTaswlovani istoriis periodSi bevri sxvadasxva sa-

xis “ordenebi”, “saZmoebi” da sulier mecnierebaSi

“xeldasxmulebi” arsebobdnen, romelmic TavianT som-

bolikur emblemebs da beWdebs atarebdnen. maT So-

ris bevri da umetesi nawili cru Sinaarsis mata-

rebelni da mizandasaxuli “Savi magistrebi” arian,

romelnic iyenebdnen uZvelesi misteriebis simbo-

loebis atributebs da qmnidnen TavianTio Zalmo-

silebis Sesabamis emblemebs _ konfiguraciul kom-

pleqsebs, saxelmwifo Rerbebs da droSebs, asaeve

sxvadasxva magiur gamosaxulebebs, riTac TavianTi

miznebis Sesasrulebel energetikul Zalebs

ikrebdnen da msoflio xalxebisa da erebis samar-

Tavad iyenebdnen. aseTia, magaliTad, dReisaTvis kar-

gad cnobili ilumonatorebsa da Talmudistebs

daqvemdebarebuli sxvadasxva saxelebiT cnobili

“saZmoebi”, masonuri “loJebi”, “ordenebi” da maTi

istoriuli emblema-simboloebi, isini TavianTi miz-

andasaxuli programiT swored am Zalebis saSua-

lebiT axorcielebdnen msoflios marTvas. isini Se-

niRbulni arian ra msoflios mSvidobismyofelebis

da msoflio wesrigis damamyareblebis niRbiT, de-

damiwaze da msoflio xalxebze TavianTi mmarTve-

lobiT sistemebs amyareben da antiqristes gamefe-

bas uxsnian gzas.

eka jafoSvili

(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)

kolxeTis misteria

mamuliSvilis saintereso wignis Sesaxeb

Cveni gazeTis 52-e nomerSi gamova-

qveyneT werili ruseTSi moRvawe qarT-

vel profesor nodar eriaSvilze,

romlis wigni kulturologia das-

tamba gamomcemloba “samarTlianma sa-

qarTvelom”, romelsac qarTveli ma-

muliSvilebi udganan saTaveSi.

imis gamo, rom ar gagvaCnda sruli

informacia baton nodar eriaSvilze,

ver moxerxda imis aRniSvna, rom batoni

nodari istoriis mecnierebaTa doq-

toris, iuridiul mecnierebaTa kandi-

datis garda aris ekonomikis mecnie-

rebaTa doqtori, igi ruseTis federa-

ciis saxelmwifo premiis laureatia

mecnierebisa da teqnikis dargSi da av-

toria mravali samecniero naSromisa

da monografiis, romelic eZRvneba

rogorc istoriis, aseve ekonomikisa da

iurisprudenciis sakiTxebs. misi

xelmZRvanelobiT daculia aTobiT

sakandidato da sadoqtoro diserta-

cia. misi redaqtorobiT gamocemulia

da Targmnilia qarTul enaze mravali

saxelmZRvanelo, romelmac didi dax-

mareba gauwia saqarTveloSi moRvawe

mecnierebsa da studentebs. maT Soris

aris iseTi wignebi, romelTa analogi

qarTul enaze dRemde arc gagvaCnda,

rom misi redaqtorobiTa da avtoro-

biT qarTul enaze gamoica SesaniSna-

vi saxelmZRvaneloebi: “saxelmwifosa

da samarTlis Teoria”, “romis samar-

Tali”, “iuridiuli fsiqologia”, “kri-

minologia” da “saqmiani urTierTobe-

bis fsiqologia”, romlis avtoric

TviTon gaxlav. es aris arasruli Ca-

monaTvali im wignebisa, romlebic ga-

momcemloba “samarTliani saqarTve-

los” egidiT gamoica.

mkiTxvelebs vTavazobT nawyvets

misi wignidan “kulturologia”.

ruseTis kultura XIV-XVII

saukuneebSiXIV saukunis meore naxevridan iwye-

ba rusuli kulturis aRmavloba, rac

ganapiroba meurneobis warmatebulma

ganviTarebam da pirvelma didma ga-

marjvebam ucxoel dampyroblebze ku-

likovos brZolaSi (1380 weli). es mov-

lena iyo mniSvnelovani wingadadgmu-

li nabiji qveynis gasaTavisufleblad

TaTar-monRolTa uRlisagan. aRorZi-

nebis gzas daadga Zveli da ganviTar-

da axali sameurneo cxovrebisa da

kultiros axali centrebi. aSkarad ga-

moikveTa moskovis wamyvani roli, ro-

melic izidavda axal macxovreblebs

Crdilo-aRmosavleT ruseTSi misi

centraluri mdebareobis gamo, sadac

gadioda samdinaro da saxmeleTo sa-

vaWro gzebi. moskovma iTava mTeli ru-

seTis miwa-wylis gaerTianeba, gaizar-

da misi, rogorc kulturis erT-erTi

centris gavlena. moskovis mTavrebma

miiRes sruliad ruseTis didi mTav-

rebis tituli.

am periodis literaturul nawar-

moebTa ZiriTadi Tema iyo _ rusi xal-

xis brZola ucxoeli dampyroblebis

winaaRmdeg. mematianem Semogvinaxa “ba-

Tus mier qalaq vladimiris aRebis am-

bavi”, “ambavi rusuli miwis ganadgu-

rebis Sesaxeb”, “ambavi baTus mier ria-

zanis darbevis Sesaxeb”. maTSi moTx-

robilia rusuli qalaqebis ganadgu-

rebis, rus mebrZolTa mamacobisa da

guladobis Sesaxeb.

“aleqsandre nevelis cxovreba” gax-

da im periodis literaturuli Zegli.

masSi poeturi formiT asaxulia neva-

ze brZola, yinulze xocva-Jleta, aleq-

sandre nevelis (daaxloebiT 1220-1263)

damokidebuleba oqros urdosTan da

mTavris sikvdili. umRerian mis gmi-

robas rusuli miwa-wylis sadideblad.

“Tqmuleba qalaq kiteJze” mogviTx-

robs, Tu rogor gaxda qalaqi kiteJi

misi mcvelebis daRupvis Semdeg uxi-

lavi, raTa mters xelSi ar Caegdo.

xandaxan qalaqi amoimarTeba, rogorc

anarekli svetloiaris tbaze, am dros

ismis qalaqis zarebis rekvac.

kulikovos velze gamarjvebas

mieZRvna im periodisaTvis yvelaze

mniSvnelovani nawarmoebi “zadonSCina”

(brZolis adgilis mixedviT _ dons

iqiT), dawerilia istoriuli moTxro-

bis JanrSi XIV saukunis bolos ria-

zaneli safonis mier. avtori misi Ta-

namedrove periodis cxovrebiseul

movlenebs adarebs “ambavi igoris

laSqrobis” droimdelisas. kulikovos

velze gamarjveba _ esaa, TiTqos erTg-

vari SurisZieba igor sviaoslavis Zis

mebrZolTa damarcxebaze. am gamarj-

vebam kvlav aRudgina rusul miwas di-

deba da Zlevamosilis saxeli. kuli-

kovos cikls miekuTvneba “Tqmuleba ma-

maevis xocva-Jletaze” (XV saukunis

pirveli naxevari). nawarmoebisaTvis da-

maxasiaTebelia mxatvruli gamomsax-

veloba da ideuroba. mas adareben “am-

bavs igoris laSqrobaze” da ayeneben

aRorZinebis epoqis evropis litera-

turis Sedevrebis gverdiT.

farTo ganviTareba hpova xuroT-

moZRvrebam, upirveles yovlisa nov-

gorodsa da fskovSi _ im qalaqebSi,

romlebic politikurad naklebad iyo

damokidebuli monRol xanebze. XIV-XV

saukuneebSi novgorodi iyo xelovne-

bis, ekonomikis da politikuri cxov-

rebis ganviTarebis erT-erTi umsxvi-

lesi centri. im drois rusi xuroT-

moZRvrebi arqiteqturaSi agrZelebdnen

Zvel tradiciebs, romelTac adgili

hqonda monRolTa Semosevamde. nage-

bobebSi iyenebdnen kirqvis uxeSad na-

Tal lodebs, riyis qvebsa da cotao-

den agurs. aseTi wyoba siZlierisa da

simtkicis STabeWdilebas qmnida. nov-

gorodel xelovanTa aseT gansakuT-

rebul ostatobas akademikosi i.v. gra-

beri ase afasebs: “novgorodelis idea-

lia _ Zala da misi silamaze _ Zalis

silamaze”.

axal ZiebaTa Sedegi da Zveli xu-

roTmoZRvrebis tradiciebi gamovlin-

da XIV saukunis taZruli mSeneblobis

arqiteqturaSi. esaa macxovris eklesia

kovalevze da miZinebis eklesia vo-

lotovos velze (daingra didi sama-

mulo omis dros). axali stilis ni-

muSebia _ Tevdore stratilatosis ek-

lesia da macxovris fericvalebis ek-

lesia ilinis quCaze. am stilisaTvis

damaxasiaTebelia taZris garegani mor-

Tuloba, fasadis Semkoba dekoratiu-

li niSebiT, skulpturuli jvrebiT, ni-

SebiTa ki _ freskebiT. macxovris fe-

ricvalebis eklesia agebuli novgo-

rodis savaWro mxares, tipiuri jvar-

bumbaTovani taZaria oTx Zlier svet-

ze dayrdnobili erTi gumbaTiT.

taZrebis mSeneblobasTan erTad

novgorodSi mimdinareobda msxvili sa-

moqalaqo mSeneblobac. novgorodel-

ma ostatebma germanelebTan erTad

aaSenes granitis palata sazeimo mi-

Rebebisa da saxelmwifo TaTbirebi-

saTvis. novgorodeli boiarebi Tavi-

anTTvis agebdnen qvis palatebs xis

qerqis TaRebiT. 1302 wels novgorod-

Si aigo qvis kremli, romelic Semdgom

mravaljer gadakeTda.

im droisaTvis meore msxvili same-

urneo da kulturuli centri fskovi

qalaq-cixe-simagres hgavda. qalaqis

Senobebis arqiteqtura iyi mkacri da

lakonuri, yovelgvar dekoratiul

morTulobas moklebuli. kremlis

grZeli qvis kedeli sigrZiT TiTqmis

cxra kilometria. fskovelma mSeneb-

lebma Senobis gadaxurvis gansakuT-

rebuli sistema SeimuSaves erTmaneT-

Si gadajvaredinebuli TaRebiT, ramac

SemdgomSi SesaZlebeli gaxada taZris

svetebisagan ganTavisufleba. fsko-

velma ostatebma ruseTSi sayovelTao

aRiareba moipoves da didi zegavlena

moaxdines moskovis mSeneblobaze.

moskovSi qviT mSenebloba daiwyo

XIV saukunis meore meoTxedSi. am pe-

riods ekuTvnis moskovis kremlis

TeTri qvisagan agebuli cixe-simagre

_ esaa qalaqis centraluri nawili bo-

rovickis borcvze mdinare moskovis

marcxena sanapiroze. 1366-1367 wlebSi

Tavad dimitris (Semdeg doneli) brZa-

nebiT aigo kedlebi da koSkebi TeTri

qvisgan (kirqva, romelic CamohqondaT

moskovis axlos mdebare sofel miaC-

kovodan). 1365 wels aigo TeTri qvis ta-

Zari saswaulmoqmed miqael mTavaran-

gelozis saxelze, mis samxreT-aRmo-

savleT frTaze aages xarebis taZari.

Semdgom periodSi moskovis kremlis

teritoriaze aages axali taZrebi da

samoqalaqo nagebobebi.

mSeneblobebi mimdinareobda sxva qa-

laqebSic _ kolomnaSi, serpuxovSi, zve-

nigorodSi. am periodis udidesi na-

geboba iyo miZinebis taZari kolomna-

Si _ qalaqis eqvssvetovani taZari ma-

Ral sadgamze Seyenebuli galereiT.

moskovis dRemde Semonaxuli uZvele-

si xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebia _ zve-

nigorodis miZinebis taZari, savin

stroJevskis monastris taZari zveni-

gorodis siaxloves, sameba _ sergis mo-

nastris samebis taZari, andronikes mo-

nastris macxovris taZari.

moskovis arqiteqturis axal mimar-

Tulebad iqca “kuburobis” gadalax-

visa da axali, safexurebad ganlage-

buli TaRebiT zeaRmavali kompoziciis

mqone Senobebis agebisaken swrafva.

XIV-XV saukuneebis rusuli ferwe-

ris, iseve rogorc xuroTmoZRvrebis

istoria, gaxda monRolTa Semosevebis

periodamde arsebuli ferweris isto-

riis bunebrivi gagrZeleba. xatwera vi-

Tardeba aseve novgorodsa da fskov-

Si. XIV saukuneSi novgoroduli xat-

wera, freskisagan gansxvavebiT, ufro

nela viTarseboda. xatebze, rogorc

wesi, mxolod wmindanis gamosaxulebas

werdnen. Tu romelime xatze ramdeni-

me wmindans gamosaxavdnen, maT Soris

araviTari Sinaarsobrivi an moqmede-

biTi kavSiri ar iyo, isini gamoisaxe-

bodnen frontalurad, gancalkevebiT.

amiT aRwevdnen zemoqmedebis Zalas.

novgorodis am periodis xatebi xasi-

aTdeba lakonuri kompoziciiT, mkveT-

ri mxatvrobiT, faqizi saRebavebiTa da

daxvewili teqnikiT.

xatwerasTan erTad Zalian gavr-

celda freskuli mxatvroba _ ferwe-

ra nestian baTqaSze wyalSi gaxsnili

saRebavebiT. am periodis ruseTis ked-

lis ferweras “oqros saukunes” mia-

kuTvneben. XIV saukunis freskuli

ferwera gaformda kompoziciurad,

sivrcobrivad, masSi Setanili iqna

peizaJi, gaizarda gamosaxvis fsiqo-

logizmi. es siaxleebi gansakuTrebiT

gamovlinda novgorodis cnobil fres-

kebze Tevdore stratilatosis ekle-

siasa da miZinebis eklesiaSi volo-

tovos velze.

XIV-XV saukuneebis mxatvarTa Soris

gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs ge-

nialur Teofane greks (daaxloebiT

1340-1405 wlebis Semdeg). warmoSobiT bi-

zantielma, man moiara mTeli bizantia,

yirimi, moxata eklesiebi konstantine-

polSi, galateSi, qalkedonSi, kafeSi

(feodosia). misi talanti gansakuTre-

buli ZaliT gamovlinda ruseTSi.

Teofane grekis freskebi, xatebi ga-

moirCeva monumentalobiT, siZlieriT,

saxeTa gamosaxvis dramatizmiT, gabe-

duli da Tavisufali weris maneriT.

Teofane grekis SemoqmedebaSi ru-

seTSi yofnisas gamoarCeven or peri-

ods: novgorodisas da moskovurs.

pirvelSi is gamodis, rogorc gabedu-

li novatori, meamboxe, qmnis iSviaTi

zeSTagonebis mqone nawarmoebebs. mos-

kovur periodSi ki misi Semoqmedeba xa-

siaTdeba rogorc mxatvrisa, romelmac

moipova simSvide da wonasworoba.

novgorodSi Teofane grekma moxata

macxovris eklesia ilinis quCaze. es

mxatvroba dRemde SemorCenilia frag-

mentebis saxiT. gamoxatuli wmindane-

bi xasiaTdeba mkacri individualobiT,

TiToeuli figura cocxlobs gansa-

kuTrebuli sicocxliT, savsea Sinaga-

ni moZraobiT. Teofane grekma Tavis

personaJebSi Caaqsova adamianis su-

liereba, misi Sinagani Zala.

Teofane grekma moskovSi moxata

RvTismSoblis dabadebis eklesia ekv-

derTan erTad. aseve moxata kremlSi

mTavarangelozis taZari, gorodecel

moxuc proxorTan da andrei rubli-

ovTan erTad moxata xarebis taZari

kremlSi. am taZris kankelisaTvis ga-

moiyena 2 metrze meti simaRlis dafebi.

Teofane grekma moskovSi Seqmna saxe-

losno, sadac Seiqmna xati erT mxares

donis RvTismSoblis, meore mxares ki

RvTismSoblis miZinebis gamosaxule-

biT.

am periodis kidev erti gamoCenili

mxatvari iyo rusi izografi andrei

rubliovi (daaxloebiT 1360/70-1427/30

wlebi) _ beri andronikes monastrisa

(amJamad iq daarsebulia andrei rub-

liovis muzeumi), sadac gardaicvala da

iqvea dakrZaluli. misi Semoqmedeba

TvalnaTliv mowmobs rusuli cent-

ralizebuli saxelmwifosa da mosko-

vis zeobis periodSi rusuli kultu-

ris sRmavlobas. mis dros moskovis

ferweris skola ganviTarebis umaRles

dones aRwevs. andrei rubliovis na-

warmoebebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia

Rrma adamianuroba, saxeTa amaRlebuli

zeSTagoneba, Tanxmobisa da harmoniis

ides, mxatvruli formis srulyofi-

leba.

andrei rubliovi monawileobas

iRebda moskovis kremlis xarebis Zve-

li taZris, vladimiris miZinebis taZ-

ris, sergi-samebis lavris _ samebis

taZrisa da andronikes monastris mac-

xovris taZris moxatvasa da xatwera-

Si.

Teofane grekisgan gansxvavebiT, and-

rei rubliovis xelovneba savsea amaR-

lebuli, naTeli ganwyobilebiT, su-

lieri harmoniis mdgomareobiT, gamo-

xatavs samyaros mimarT sixaruls, bed-

nierebas, simSvides. misi stilisaTvis

damaxasiaTebelia liriuli simSvide,

personaJebi ufro adamianurebi arian,

vidre Teofane grekTan.

mis nawarmoebTa Soris yvelaze

cnobili da Sesrulebis Tvalsazri-

siT yvelaze srulyofilia “samebis”

xati. igi specialurad Seqmnilia ser-

gi-samebis monastris samebis taZris

kankelisatvis. xatze iSviaTi mxatv-

ruli ZaliTaa warmoCenili humanu-

robis, Tanxmobisa da kacTmoyvareobis

humanisturi idea. mocemulia zneobrivi

srulyofilebisa da siwmindis ganzo-

gadebuli ideali. RmerTis gamoxatu-

leba mocemuli sami angelozis saxiT,

samive figura warmoadgens mrgvlovan

kompozicias Tasis garSemo. sulieri

siwminde, gamomsaxveloba, sinaTle, suf-

Ta tonebi, gansakuTrebiT “cisferi”,

gamWvirvale mwvane, oqrosferi, xazebis

erTiani riTmi didi ZaliT ansaxiere-

ben harmoniis da siwmindis ideas.

andrei rubliovis Semonaxul qmni-

lebebs ekuTvnis agreTve vladimirSi

miZinebis taZris freska Temaze “sa-

Sineli samsjavro”. tradiciuli ga-

mosaxvisagan gansxvavebiT andrei rub-

liovis saxeebi savsea adamianurobiT,

Tavisufalia yovelgvari simkacrisa-

gan. rubliovma dawera ramdenime xati

sergi-samebis taZris kankelisaTvis.

mis funjs ekuTvnis xatebi mociqul

pavlesa da miqaelis gamosaxulebiT.

misi bolo qmnilebaa andronikes mo-

nastris macxovris taZris moxatu-

loba (SemorCenilia ornamentTa frag-

mentebi).

16 marti 2010 ilori6

1768-1774 wlebis ruseT-TurqeTis omi da saqarTvelogeneral totlebenis saxeli

dRemde aRZravs qarTvel isto-

rikosTa samarTlian guliswy-

romas. CvenSi is Ralatisa da

orpirobis sinonimad aris aRia-

rebuli. mkiTxvelisTvis, al-

baT, interesmoklebuli ar iq-

neba is faqti, rom xsenebuli

mwerali Tavis droze TviT

ruseTis xelisuflebis mierve

yofila Serisxuli. mis Sesaxeb

arsebuli cnobebidan irkveva,

rom grafi gotlib-henrix to-

tlebeni (1710-1773 ww.) saqsonuri

warmomavlobisa yofila. impe-

ratrica elisabedis dros is

ruseTis samsaxurSi Sevida, mo-

nawileobda Svidwlian omSi

da saxeli gaiTqva berlinis

asaRebad gamarTul brZolaSi.

ekaterine meores mmarTvelobi-

sas totlebeni politikuri mo-

tiviT samarTalSi iqna micemu-

li. mas CamoarTves yvela Cini

da wodeba da gadaasaxles cim-

birSi. mogvianebiT, kavkasiaSi

ganlagebul rusuli armiis

samsaxurSi yofnisas, xelisu-

flebam is Seiwyala, magram

kvlav meTvalyureobis qveS

imyofeboda. aseT viTarebaSi

totlebeSi yovelmxriv cdi-

lobda, sxvisTvis gadaebrale-

bina Tavisi warumateblobani.

magaliTad, axalcixis brZola-

Si gancdili marcxis gamo is

erekle meores adanaSaulebda;

aseve iqceoda imereTis mefis _

solomon pirvelis mimarTac.

amis Taobaze ekaterine meore

Tavis erT qveSevrdoms (panins)

werda: `vfiqrob, rom man (to-

tlebenma) SeiZleba saqarTve-

loSi Cveni saqmeebi gaafuWoso~.

sagulisxmoa, rom imperatoris

karze totlebens aSkara Ra-

latSic daedo brali, ris ga-

moc igi sabolood gaiwvies sa-

qarTvelodan.

imereTis samefo taxtze asul so-

lomon pirvels energiuli brZola

mouxda osmalo dampyroblebisa da

qveynis SigniT arsebuli feodaluri

reaqciis winaaRmdeg. axalgazrda mefem

scada ruseTis mTavrobisagan daxma-

rebis miReba. 1764 wels man TxovniT mi-

marTa aleqsandre baqaris Zes, raTa mas

ruseTis imperatorTan eSuamdgomla.

1766 wels ki, roca Turqebi imereTSi

SemoiWrnen da solomon mefem Tavi mo-

dinaxes cixes Seafara, man yizlaris

komendants acnoba, rom sruli damar-

cxebis SemTxvevaSi ruseTs gaemgza-

vreboda. mefe mas sTxovda, rom ekate-

rine meores pasuxi ecnobebina qar-

Tveli arqimandritis grigolis me-

SveobiT, romelic maSin oseTSi mi-

sionerad iyo. garkveuli drois Semdeg

TviT arqimandriti grigolic gaem-

gzavra yizlarSi solomonis TxovniT,

rom ruseTis mTavrobas misTvis Tur-

qeTis xelisufalTa winaSe eSuam-

dgomla.

ekaterine meores mTavrobam kon-

stantinepolel rezident a. obresko-

visgan saTanado informacia miiRo

Turq xelisufalTa damokidebuleba-

ze imereTis samefosadmi. obreskovma

Seatyobina, rom TurqeTis mTavroba Se-

SfoTebuli iyo imereTTan brZolis wa-

rumateblobiT: sakuTar ZalTa ric-

xobrivi siWarbis miuxedavad, TurqeT-

ma siamovnebiT miiRo erekle meores

Suamavloba solomon pirvelTan. Tur-

qebi daTanxmdnen solomon winaaR-

mdeg samxedro moqmedebis Sewyvetaze,

mxolod erTi pirobiT, rom imereTis

mefes Zveleburad exada xarki, e.i. yo-

velwliurad 60 asuli gaegzavna. Ta-

vis mxriv, TurqeTi imereTs qveSe-

vrdomad ki ara, sulTnis proteqto-

ratis qveS myof saxelmwifod gamo-

acxadebda. ruseTis rezidenti yura-

dRebas miaqcevda im faqts, rom Turqebs

gansakuTrebiT eSinodaT saqarTvelos

saqmeebSi ruseTis Carevisa da Tanxmoba

ganacxades erekle meoresa da imere-

Tis mefis kavSirze.

miuxedavad TurqeTTan dazavebisa,

solomon mefes kargad esmoda, rom ime-

reTisaTvis aucilebeli iyo Turqi

dampyroblebisagan sabolood Tavis

daxsna da qveynis Semdgomi ganviTa-

rebisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebis

Seqmna. amitom iyo, rom 1768 wlis iv-

nisSi ruseTsa da TurqeTs Soris ur-

TierTobis gamwvavebisas ruseTSi gan-

sakuTrebuli rwmunebiT gaigzavna qu-

Taiseli mitropoliti maqsime abaSiZe.

roca ekaterine meores karze imereTis

elCis Camosvla gaiges, saTanado gan-

karguleba gasces, rom elCi saswrafod

peterburgs gaegzavnaT. mitropolit

maqsimes elCobis wevri arqimandriti

yizlaridan ukan gaabrunes da Tan ga-

ayoles poruCiki qobulaSvili (xva-

bulovi).

xvabulovs evaleboda imereTSi ar-

sebuli viTarebis garkveva da solo-

monTan molaparakeba. sagareo saqmeTa

kolegiis mier yizlaris komendanti-

sadmi gacemul gankargulebaSi ewera,

rom axla TurqeTTan dawyebuli omis

pirobebSi quTaisis mitropolitis Ca-

mosvla drouli iyo.

solomon pirveli ekaterine meores

saxelze gagzavnil sigelSi ruseTis

mfarvelobis qveS miRebasa da samxe-

dro Tu sxva materialur daxmarebas

moiTxovda. mefe aRniSnavda, rom Tor-

meti welia, rac Turqebs ebrZvis. am

xnis ganmavlobaSi Turqebi Svidjer

SemoiWrnen mis qveyanaSi da mudam da-

marcxebuli garbodnen.

ekaterine meores mTavroba ruseT-

TurqeTis omSi miznad isaxavda Savi

zRvis sanapiros dapyrobasa da iq Ta-

visufali naosnobis uflebis mopove-

bas. ruseTs TurqeTTan omSi evropis

saxelmwifoTa mxardaWeris imedi ar

hqonda da amitom gansakuTrebul mni-

Svnelobas TurqeTis batonobis uRel-

qveS myofi qristianebis brZolas ani-

Webda. ruseTis mTavrobam mowodebiT

mimarTa balkanel da kavkasiel qri-

stianebs, rom igi `iZulebulia~, ebrZo-

los TurqeTs `qristes sarwmunoebi-

saTvis~. ufro mogvianebiT, ekaterine II

didi kmayofilebis grZnobiT swerda

volters, rom man TurqeTs oTxive

mxridan Seutia: dunaidan, yirimidan, mo-

reidan da saqarTvelodan. amgvarad, ru-

seTi gegmavda TurqeTis winaaRmdeg

qristiani mosaxleobis ajanyebas bal-

kaneTSi da saqarTvelos omSi Cabmas,

raTa TurqeTis Zalebi kavkasiaSi See-

boWa. roca ekaterine meores karze

TurqeTis winaaRmdeg saqarTvelos mo-

nawileobis sakiTxs ixilavdnen, rwme-

na gamoTqves, rom imereTis mefe am

brZolaSi Caebmeboda, magram erekle

meores monawileobas saeWvod Tvlid-

nen: qarTl-kaxeTis samefo TurqeTze

damokidebuli ar iyo da, rusi poli-

tikosebis azriT, ereklen ar moisur-

vebda TurqeTTan ganxeTqilebas.

1769 wlis martSi yizlaridan so-

lomon pirvelTan dabrunda arqiman-

driti, romelsac poruCiki qobula-

Svilic axlda. solomonma ganucxada

mas, rom TurqeTis winaaRmdeg omSi Ca-

ebmeboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ruseTis

damxmare jars miiRebda. Tavisi mxri-

dan is oci aTasi kacis gamoyvanas ki-

srulobda. solomon pirvelma kan-

cler n. paninisagan miRebuli werili

erekle meores gaugzavna, xolo 26

marts TviTon qobulaSvili gaemgzavra

Tbiliss.

ereklem saTanadod Seafasa Seqmni-

li viTareba: man gaiTvaliswina is, rom

ruseTi TurqeTs ukve eomeboda, xolo

irani, misi azriT, osmaleTis dasuste-

bisa da mis xarjze qarTl-kaxeTis ga-

Zlierebis winaaRmdegi ar unda yofi-

liyo. formaluri TvalsazrisiT Tu

vimsjelebT, irani, marTalia, erekles

Tavis vasalad Tvlida, magram osma-

leTis winaSe yovelTvis rodi agebda

pasuxs `gurjistanis valis~ moqmede-

baze. susti iranisaTvis am dros way-

ruebis pozicia ufro momgebiani iyo.

yovelive aman xeli Seuwyo TurqeTis

winaaRmdeg yvela qarTuli samefos ga-

erTianebuli gamosvlisaTvis pirobe-

bis momzadebas.

qarTl-kaxeTis mefemac omSi mona-

wileobaze Tanxmoba ganacxada, mxolod

im pirobiT, Tu ruseTi saqarTveloSi

damxmare jars gamogzavnida. solomon

pirveli omSi Caeba. is fiqrobda, ru-

seTis jaris daxmarebT daemorCilebina

imereTis urCi mTavrebi da Tavadebi,

daebrunebina Turqebis mier mitacebu-

li qarTuli miwebi da sabolood ga-

nedevna saqarTvelodan osmalo dam-

pyroblebi.

erekle meore imedovnebda, ruseTis

daxmarebiT daebrunebina osmalTa mier

mitacebuli samcxe-javaxeTi, daemor-

Cilebina War-belaqani da aRekveTa lek-

Ta TareSi.

1769 wlis 21 maiss TbilisSi so-

lomon pirveli Camovida. qarTveli me-

feebi erTobliv moqmedebaze SeTan-

xmdnen. maT xvabulovs konkretuli wi-

nadadebebi wauyenes da peterburgSi

elCebis gagzavna gadawyvites.

erekle a. andronikaSvils agzavni-

da, solomoni ki _ d. kvinixiZes. ukve

gaCaRebuli ruseT-TurqeTis omis fon-

ze peterburgSi Tavisi diplomatiuri

saqmianoba gaSala mitropolitma maq-

simem. is ekaterine meores mTavrobas

saTanado informacias awvdida da

imereTSi ruseTis jaris gagzavnas iT-

xovda.

amis Semdeg ekaterine meores mTa-

vrobam gadawyvita imereTSi oTxaska-

ciani samxedro razmisa da zarbazne-

bis gamogzavna, amasTan erTad, sagareo

saqmeTa kolegiam gadawyvita, saqar-

TveloSi gamoegzavna Tavisi oficia-

luri warmomadgeneli Tavadi anton

mouravovi, romelic vaxtang meeqvsis

dros ruseTSi gadasaxlebuli Tar-

xanmouravebis STamomavali iyo.

1769 wlis agvistoSi yizlaridan da

mozdokidan saqarTvelosaken gamoe-

marTnen specialurad SerCeuli sam-

xedro nawilebi 480 kacis Semadgen-

lobiT. agvistos damlevs askaciani

avangardi totlebenis meTaurobiT

darialis gziT aRmosavleT saqar-

TveloSi Semovida. generalma dauyov-

nebliv acnoba erekle meores Tavisi

Camosvla, ruseTis jaris gavlis ne-

barTva iTxova da piradi Sexvedra Se-

sTavaza.

usamarTloba sasamarTlo

labirinTebSipolitikuri moZraoba ,,mTliani sa-

qarTvelos~ lideris iuridiul mec-

nierebaTa doqtoris, akademikos vla-

dimer vaxanias sasamarTlo procesi

quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTloSi

mimdinare wlis ianvarSi ise gadaido,

rom Semdgomi procesis TariRi jer ki-

dev ar aris dazustebuli. es proce-

si quTaisSi mas Semdeg grZeldeba, rac

zugdidis raionulma sasamarTlom ab-

surduli braldebiT, iaraRis ukanono

SeZena-Senaxvisa da Jurnalisturi saq-

mianobisTvis xelis SeSlis gamo, oTxi

weli miusaja. vladimer vaxaniasTvis,

romelsac Tavisi sabiznesmeno saqmia-

nobidan soliduri Semosavali gaaCnda,

raSi sWirdeboda leibis qveS avtoma-

tis damalva, Tu moindomebda, Tavisu-

flad SeiZenda da gaiformebda kidec

iaraRs; rac Seexeba JurnalistisaTvis

xelis SeSlas, msgavs faqts adgili ar

hqonia. xelisufleba, romeic fexqveS

Telavs JurnalistTas uflebebs, roca

dasWirdeba TvalTmaqcurad eqomageba

maT.

vaxanias saqme, didi xania, gascda sa-

qarTvelos farglebs. sasamarTlo

process akvirdebodnen evrokavSiris

warmomadgeneli kaupo endi da sayo-

velTaod aRiarebuli uflebadamcve-

lebi sergei kovaliovi da ernst

Corni. ,,es aris politikuri saqme, rad-

gan daadanaSaulo vaxania Tavisufali

sityvis xelis SeSlaSi, raRac egzo-

tikuria. vaxanias Sesaxeb bevri ram

miTxres, saidumloebiTaa moculi Tvi-

Ton pasportebis CamorTmeva. yvela

misi werili upasuxod darCa. ras ni-

Snavs es, Tu ki saqarTvelo samar-

Tlebriv saxelmwifos aSenebs? me te-

lefoniT vesaubre amis Sesaxeb andrei

ilarionovs, romelic amJamad amerika-

Si moRvaweobs. mas sakmaod damsaxu-

rebuli reputacia aqvs. vici, rom mi-

xeil saakaSvilTan mas piradi ur-

TierToba aqvs, amitomac aseTi Careva

saimedoa,~ – aRniSna sergei kova-

liovma.

aseTma farTo masStabis rezonansma

daafrTxo qarTveli samarTaldamcve-

lebi da amitomac cdiloben axla Ta-

vis daZvrenas.

vaxanias am ukanono dakavebas kidev

oTxi pirovneba ,,emsxverpla~. mis me-

gobarsa da prokuraturisaTvis ara-

sasurvel mowmes _ Tengiz kalandias

narkotikuli nivTierebis SeZena-Se-

naxvis braldebiT 18 weli miusajes. am

saqmesac axla quTaisis saapelacio sa-

samarTlo ganixilavs. vaxanias karis

mezobeli jambul Ciqovani aseve pro-

kuraturisTvis arasasurveli Cvenebis,

anu simarTlis Tqmis gamo, me-7 Tvea, da-

kavebulia da ganaCenis gamotanas elo-

deba. kidev erTi mowme mindia maqaca-

ria ki mimalvaSia, radgan icis, rom Ci-

qovanis beds gaiziarebs.

vaxanias erT-erT advokats joni za-

randias zugdidis raionulma sasa-

marTlom sxva saqmis gamo yalbi do-

kumentebis Seqmnis xelSewyobis bral-

debiT oTxi weli miusaja. Tumca am-

boben, rom is vaxanias advokatobis

gamo daisaja.

aseTia vladimer vaxanias garSemo

sasamarTlos labirinTebSi SeTxzuli

usamarTlobani, Tumca dakavebulTa

Wirisuflebi imedovneben, rom, adre Tu

gvian, simarTle izeimebs.

lado qiria, zugdidi

16 marti 2010ilori 7


unda vicodeT, rom is, rac laTinur,

ellinur da sxva ucxour enebze

iwodeba europa-d, meorenairad war-

moiTqmis “orofa”-d da swored is meo-

rea misi sawyisi forma. sayuradReboa

“eurofa”-s ideisa da gamoxatvis, _ aRm-

niSvneli sityvis mimdinareobis, war-

momavlobis, sadaurobis sakiTxi. eu-

rofa (orofa) im mefis asulis saxelia,

romelic, gadmocemiT, kolxebis erT-

erTi nawilis _ pelazgebis RmerTma,

saxelad “Ze”-m (zebunebrivi arsis Zem)

zevsma gaitaca da Caasaxla kunZul ku-

ratoze (amJamad kreta rom ewodeba) im

midamoSi, romelsac kolxuri saxeli

“gordi” erqva imJamad da “gordi” hqvia

dResac (iqauri samogzauri biuros

cnobiT). is kunZulic ZirZveli kolx-

uri mxarea. iqaurma mosaxleobam

aTaswleulebis manZilze erTgulad

da siyvaruliT SeinarCuna misi sax-

elwodeba “gordi”. sayuradReboa, rom

im kunZulidan didi manZiliT da-

Sorebul sxva kolxur mxareSi, kolxe-

bis samTavros mmarTveli _ daqvrive-

buli dedofali ekaterine dadianic _

aleqsandre WavWavaZis asuli cx-

ovrobda qalaq “gord”-Si _ samegre-

los samTavros sasaxleSi (me-19

saukuneSi) da iqvea dakrZaluli

taZris ezoSi. kurato (kretas)

kuTvnil erT patara kunZuls amJa-

madac Zveli saxeli _ “kolixiTi”

(kolxeTi) ewodeba _ wers iqauri

samogzauro dawesebulebis Tanam-

Sromeli (sainterneto gancxadebaSi,

romelic vixile 2007 wlis 9 ivliss).

kargi iqneba, rom televiziiT gvaCvenon

kuratos kuTvnili kunZulis _ “kolx-

eTis” mosaxleobis xalxuri Semo-

qmedeba.

kunZul kuratoze (kretaze) mdebare

qalaq faTis (faisTos) midamoSi 1908

wels arqeologma liuji perniem aR-

moaCina ZvelTaZveli, Tixisagan gamoZ-

erwili, mrgvali firfita (romelic

Semdeg profesorma gia kvaSilavam

gaSifra _ “ilori”); naqalaqaris

ZvelTaZveli saxelia “faTi”, igive

“foTi”. didi xnis semdeg qalaq “faTi”-

s (“foTis”) odnav Secvlili saxeliT

_ “faisto” _ moixseniebdnen elinuri

teqstebi.

qalaq faTis SemdgomSi ucxoelebi

“festos” saxeliT moixseniebdnen. iq

luiji pernies mier 1908 wels aRmoCe-

nil Tixis “diskoze” kolxuri oqro-

damwerlobis wesiT _ oqros tvifar-

iT (yalibiT) dabeWdilia naxat-niS-

nebiani da marcvlovani damwerlobiT

Sesrulebuli teqsti _ deda-RvTaebis,

nanaiasadmi miZRvnili sagalobeli.

oqros tvifari (yalibi) saukeTesoa,

radgan misi anabeWdebi ufro mkafioa.

nanaiasadmi miZRvnili simRerebi amJa-

madac Cveni modgmis, anu Cvenianebis us-

ayvarlesi simRerebia.

unda vicodeT, rom kolxebma vu-

wodeT Cvens saxelmwifos _ kolxeTs

“qarTi”; misi ganvrcobili saxelia “qi-

arTi”. “qi” kolxurSi niSnavs sax-

elmwifos (samefos), xolo “arTi” niS-

navs “erTs” anu “erTians” (baton

kukuri fifias am cnobis mowode-

bisaTvis madlobas vuZRvni).

orofa kolxurad

siyvaruls niSnavs

aucilebelia ganvmartoT is

sinamdvile, rom “orofa” qarTebis

(qarTuelebis) mier Seqmnili qarTuli

sityvaa (kerZod _ kolxuria) da niS-

navs “siyvaruls” _ adamianis yvelaze

saTuT, keTilSobil grZnobas gamox-

atavs, rac ki arsebobs. ukeT gav-

ixsenoT erTi Tuqmuleba (am sityvis

Ziria sami aTasze meti wlis win

lursmuli damwerlobiT aRbeWdili

kolxuri sityva “Tuqu” _ Tqma, la-

paraki), anu Tqmuleba orofa-s zevsis

mier gatacebisa da maxlobel kolxur

kunZulze Casaxlebis Sesaxeb, sadac

masTan sami vaJi SeeZina; ufrosi mino,

anu minosi iqve gamefda da colad hyav-

da aietis asulis _ medeas da, saxelad

“fasifa”. im Tqmulebas, ueWvelad, is-

toriuli safuZveli aqvs, namdvilad

momxdar movlenas asaxavs; saxeldobr,

ueWvelad warmoaCens im farTod gax-

maurebul movlenas, rom zneobrivi,

kulturuli, qonebrivi dideba, sikeTe,

swored mSobliur saxelmwifoSi iyo

daunjebuli da Tavmoyrili. orofas

samSoblo, sadac cxovrobdnen misi

eris, modgmis, jiSis adamianebi, sadac

daibada, aRizarda, mowifulobis asaks

miaRwia, zrdasrul adamianad Camoy-

alibda winaprebisagan STamomavlobiT

miniWebuli erovnuli niSan-TvisebebiT,

aris aia-s, imave, qarT-is saxeliT cno-

bili ZvelTaZveli vrceli sax-

elmwifo. damatebiT, gacnobebT, rom

ramdenime TqmulebiT cnobili lit-

eraturuli gmiris _ “orfe”-s

(ellinurSi emateba bolosarTi “os”

da xdeba “orfeos”) saxelic kolxur

sityvas “orofa” (siyvaruli) Seesi-

tyveba; is kolxi Seyvarebuli iyo da

amitom tkbilad emRereboda, riTac ise

gaiTqva saxeli, rom momdevno

aTaswleulebSic ki misi simRerebis

qeba ismis. orfe (orfeosis) saxelis

kolxur sityva orofasTan kavSiri

SeamCnia nugzar kvaSilavam da damak-

valiana.

siyvaruliT

Sexmatkbilebuli mxare

orofas (eurofas) ZirZveli kolx-

uri mniSvneloba _ siyvaruliT savse

mxare _ ZvelTaganve farTod iyo cno-

bili.

didi xnis Semdeg, ucxoelma mtreb-

ma gamiznulad gaavrceles sxva

mosazreba, Seqmnes Tqmuleba, romelSic

kolxebis (pelazgebis) erovnuli gmiri

_ zevsi axva erovnebas miakuTvnes, amiT

moswyvites mis erovnul fesvebs da

viTareba gaayalbes. Tqmulebis Tanax-

mad, europa mefis asulis saxelia; is

seuyvarda RmerT zevss, gaitaca da

maxlobel kunZul kretaze _ midamo

gordSi daasaxla (yuradReba miap-

yariT ZvelTaZvel kolxur geografi-

ul saxelwodebas “gordi”). zeusi,

droebiT, lamaz TeTr kurod (xarad)

iqca da orofas miuaxlovda maSin,

rodesac qali TanatolebTurT tbis

piras seirnobda, xe-mcenareTa mSvenebiT,

Citebis gamobiT, WikWikiT tkbeboda.

TeTri kuro Cveulebrivi cxoveli eg-

onaT. orofa zRvis napirTan mSvidad

wamowolil kurosTan mivida, mis

zurgze Camojda. kuro ne-nela wyal-

Si Sevida, gascura, bolos ki gafrin-

da kunZul kretasaken, qali gaitaca da

axloblebi daunaRvlianda. orofas

mama SeSfoTda, asulis saZebrad va-

JiSvili, saxelad “kilixi”, gagzavna da

orofas gareSe dabruneba aukrZala. im

vaJis saxeli “kilixi” _

aTaswleulebis manZilze ewodeboda

“didi zRiuis” (amJamad “xmelTaSua

zRva”) Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT mimde-

bare vrcel mxares (kilixi-kilixia-ki-

likia-kilixeTi-kilxeTi). dis saZe-

brad gagzavnili vaJkaci, saxelad

kilixi, _ radgan mamis davalebs ver

Seasrula _ dai veRar ipovna, Sin ve-

Rar dabrunda. kilixis mxare anu

kilixia ZirZveli kolxeTi anu “qi

arTi” aris. orofas, kunZul kretaze _

geografiul mxare “gordSi” cxovre-

bisas SeeZina sami vaJi. ufrosis sax-

elia mino (minosi); is SemdgomSi kun-

Zul kretas (sadac daibada da aRizar-

da) mefe gaxda; Tqmulebis mixedviT,

orofas SvilTaSvilia devkalioni.

devkalionis Svilia promeTe, romelsac,

Cveneburad, amirani ewodeba. lursmuli

damwerlobis monacemebiT, sityva “ami-

rani” dakavSirebulia cnebebTan: “ixi-

la”, “inaxula”, “mowme” (sasamarTloSi).

devkalionis saxelis axsna

qarTveluri masalis safuZvelze Sesa-

Zlebelia. gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa

devkalionis Sesaxeb TqmulebaSi is

monakveTi, romelSic mamamisi (RmerTi)

amcnobs mosalodneli didi wyal-

didobis Sesaxeb da aswavlis Tavis

gadarCenis saSualebas. devkalioni

coliTurT gadarCa da misi modgmaa im

aremaris ZirZveli mosaxleoba, Tu Tq-

mulebas vendobiT. kidev ufro Zvelia

sxva Tqmuleba, kerZod, qarTvelTa mod-

gmis mosaxleobis RvTaeba “ea”-s mier

Tavisi vaJiSvilis _ qalaq uruqSi

(erexSi) mcxovrebi mefis _ mosalod-

nel warRvnasTan dakavSirebiT gafrTx-

ilebaze, mis gadarCenaze da momdevno

xanis iqauri mosaxleobis misgan mom-

dinareobaze. kidev ufro mogvianebiT,

RmerTis mier kacis gadarCena aRibeW-

da bibliaSi. samidan uZvelesia ea-s

Sesaxeb lursmuli damwerlobiT aR-

beWdili, amJamad muzeumSi daunjebu-

li teqsti tixis firfitaze. momdevno

Tqmulebebi, misi gaTvaliswinebiT,

gacilebiT gvian Seiqmna... orofa prom-

eTes, anu amiranis didedaa (bebiaa). es

ambavi Cvenianebs Cvili asakidanve

unda avuxsnaT, orofasadmi pativisce-

ma unda CavunergoT...

orofa (eurofa)

kontinentis saxelwodebaa

orofas (eurofas) saxeli, mog-

vianebiT, miekuTvna kontinents, romlis

sazRvari sxva, mimdebare kontinentTan

mudam davas iwvevda winaT. amJamadac is

sazRvari sadavo da daudgenelia. mk-

iTxvelebs vTavazob dafiqrdnen im sak-

iTxze, Tu rogor davibrunoT cneba

orofa (eurofa)misma (qalis)

TanaTeslma erma _ kolxebma.

amJamad orofas (eurofas)kontinen-

tis, mxaris nawilad iTvleba ruseT-

ic, romelic slavuri saxelmwifoa...

orofaSi arsebul TqmulebaSive,

ZvelTaganve, sayveduria gamoTqmuli

misi saxeliT im kontinentis sax-

eldebisadmi, sadac ar ucxovria da

romelTanac arasodes araferi

akavSirebda. kerZod, TqmulebaSive aR-

werilia orofas sizmari. im dRis gar-

iJraJze, rodesac gaitaca kuros sax-

iT movlenilma RmerTma Zeusma, orofas

esizmra ori cocxali qali; isini or

kontinents ganasaxierebdnen: erTi maT-

gani _ kontinent azias, meore konti-

nents ki jer aranairi saxeli ar hqon-

da mikuTvnebuli. aziis kontinentis

ganmasaxierebelma qalma ukve icoda,

rom usaxelo kontinentisTvis “euro-

fas” darqmevas apirebdnen (vin _

dausaxelebelia).

qali “azia” gacxovelebuli davob-

da imis gamo, rom eurofa (mefis

asuli, visac es esizmra) aziis konti-

nentze daibada, aRizarda da im meore

kontinentze, romelsac misi saxelis

miniWebas upirebdnen, fexi arasodes

arc ki daudgams. Cans, Tqmulebis Se-

qmnisas kunZulebi, maT Soris kretac,

europis kontinentis Semadgenel

mxared jer kidev ar moiazreboda. Tq-

mulebis Tanaxmad, qalebis daviT

Sewuxebul orofas (mefis asuls)

gaeRviZa. cudi winaTgrZnobiT SeS-

foTebulma orofam sisxam diliTve

gaiseirna sasaxlis maxloblad mego-

bar gogonebTan erTad _ zRvis napir-

Tan; yvavilebi dakrifes da gvirgvinebi

dawnes. im Jams-ve saidanRac gamoCnda

TeTri kuro (es saxe miiRo RmerTma

Zeusma orofas mosatyueblad da gasa-

taceblad).

ukmayofileba orofas saxeliT sxva,

Seuferebeli kontinentis saxelsebis

gamo, aRbeWdilia ara mxolod xseneb-

ul TqmulebaSi orofas Sesaxeb, aramed

istorikos herodotes (Zveli welTaR-

ricxvis mexuTe saukune) msjelobaSic

missave wignSi, romelsac “istoriebi”

ewodeba. herodotes mSobliuri qalaqi

_ halikarnasi, swored eurofas (oro-

fas) mSobliur mxareSi mdebareobda;

Cans, herodotes amitom swyinda sxva

kontinentisaTvis “eurofas” saxelis

mikuTvneba. herodote wuwunebda Tavisi

naSromis _ “istoriebis” mkiTxvelis

winaSe: msoflioSi sul sami konti-

nenti _ eurofa, azia, libia (kontinent

libias didi xnis Semdgom ewoda

“afrika”) da samives qalis saxeli

ewodeba da savsebiT uTavbolodo.

herodotes mosazrebiTac, mizanSe-

wonili iyo kontinentisadmi eurofa-

saxelis mikuTvneba, radgan mefis asul

eurofas im kontinentze arc ki ucx-

ovria. unda vicodeT, rom amJamadac

aris mcdeloba kontinents gadaerqvas

saxeli “eurofa” da sxva saxeli ewo-

dos (ixileT inglisurenovani sain-

terneto enciklopedia “uikipedia”-Si

sityva “eurofa”). davaa imazec, Tu vin

SeiZleba miCneul iqnes evropelad da

vin ara (iqve).

rogorc am werilis pirvel naxe-

varSi aRvniSneT, 2005 wels tokioSi

Catarda arqeologTa msoflio yrilo-

ba. erTi moxseneba mTlianad mieZRvna

evropelobis gaTavisebis dones amJamad

evropad wodebul kontinentze. aRin-

iSna, rom iqauri mosaxleobis didi

nawili arc warmomavlobiT, arc

erovnuli TvisebebiT, arc garegnobiT

ar aris is, rasac moiazreben cnebiT

“evropeli”. am mizeziT ver moxerxda

evropis mosaxleobis gaerTianeba _

evropis gaTavisebis SinaarsiT. piriqiT,

imZlavra urTierTgankerZoebisaken mis-

wrafebam. amis nimuSia germaniaSi oTxi

saxis axali fulis SemoReba mis oTx

mxareSi, qveynis SigniT, mosaxmarad. is

valuta ki ara, “vauCeriao”, weren spe-

cialistebi. fuli “evro” zog sax-

elmwifoSi ar uyvarT.

naTela fofxaZe,mkvlevari

ras niSnavs sityva “europa”

qera mxedari Tof-iaraRSi iyo

Camjdari. satevrisa da xmlis garda

zurgze gadadebuli hqonda ori Tofi,

tyavis budeebiani, marjvena mxares qa-

marze dambaCa ekida, marcxena mxa-

res_grZeli qisa, romlidanac Tavi

amoeyo Cibuxs. aSkarad etyoboda, rom

ymawvis kacs wamoRebuli hqonda ro-

gorc Tavisi, ise batonis iaraRi. mxe-

dari Tavad bekos yma iyo saxelad ko-

sta erqva. patara zerdag cxenze ijda,

marjvena xeliT ori mwevari eWi-

ra_franguli mustaSa da Singazrdi-

li_mercxala.

mxedrebs male sxvebic moematnen:

iqiT-aqeT jagebidan Tavi gamohyo mo-

nadireTa grovam. sxvadasxva feris ta-

nisamosi ecvaT: yviTeli, nacrisferi,

TeTri; yvela kostas tanisamosis

mzgavsad iyo Sekerili. zogs ZaRle-

bi eWira, zogs daxocili yurdReli.

cxenosani da qveiTi, moxuci da axal-

gazrda erTi meoreSi ireoda.

erTma biWma, saxegabrwyinvebulma,

mwevris daWerili da gaguduli kurd-

Reli Tavad bekos cxenis fexebTan

dasdo.

_ yoCaR, Cemo pexu!_ uTxra Tavad-

ma._ Senma frialam daiWira?.

_ diaR, batono, ai amaTa hkiTxeT, ro-

gor uyela yurdRels; yurdRelma

marjvniv gadauxvia, magram gvianRa iyo,

ramdenime nabiji gadaxta da kur-

dReli gadaakotila kideca...

_ yoCaR, yoCaR! etyoba, Cveni mwevrebi

marTla kargebi... magram bekom ver

moaswro sityva gaeTavebina, ise ram-

denime nabijis manZilze gaisma wkri-

ala xma meore xma meore biWisa.

monadireni mixvdnen, rasac iZaxda

biWi...

axali yurdReli gamoagdes. sain-

tereso iyo am dros es Tavmoyrili

xalxi. yvela ragac gamourkvevelma

grZnobam aitana. monadireT da maTTan

erTad Tavad bekos Tvalebi aenToT,

daaviwydaT yvelaferi da Sur-

duliviT win gaqanden, mwevrebi da

monadireni_yvelani erTad sacoda

yurdRels gamoudgnen, midamo

saSinelma, yurTa-smenis wamRebma yvir-

ilma moicva. es-Ra ismoda: `ariqa!

ariqa! ariqa!~...

mindors iqiT sofeli iwyeboda da

yurdRelic swored sofelSi Sevar-

da. mTeli sofeli, didi da patara

fexze dadga, yvela yviriliT

gamoudga cxovels. yurdRelma buC-

qebSi Sehyo Tavi, da oromtriali kar-

ga xans gagrZelda, radgan damalul

yurdRlis daWera arc magre advili

iyo. bolos mainc gamarjveba kostas

darCa_misma mercxalam amxela Tavi

isaxela.

xalxi da ZaRlebi daiRalnen

da dasveneba eWirebodaT. Tavadi

qvaze Camojda, did kaklis Ziras; sxve-

bi zmorebiT Semoexvivnen da daWeril

yurdRlis Sesaxeb gaabes laparaki. am

dros ramdenime cxenosanic movida,

romelTac nadirobaSi monawileoba

ar mieRoT.

axalmosulTa win mwvane anafori-

ani mRvdeli idga. grZeli WaRara

wveri gulze eyara, WroRa, Wkviani

Tvalebi jer isev Sav warbebs qve-

modan saxes umSvenebda. mRvdels ukan

misdevda patara kacunia, ase ocdaxu-

Ti wlisa. tanT ecva naxevrad rus

moxelis tanisamosi: xaverdis ar-

Siani da kokardiani qudi, galstuxi

da sirma-gadakerebuli RarTi. axlad-

misulTagani erTi Tavadis moZRvari

iyo, xolo meore_mdivani. maT misdev-

den danarCenni karis-kacni da msax-

urni. maTs Soris erTs xelze qori

ejda, xoxobis saWerad gawvrTnili.

axladmosulni kaklis xeze cota

moSorebiT gaCerden, Camoxtnen cx-

enebidan, mouaxlovden Tavads da

mowiwebiT gaCerden. imanac tkbilad

Tavi daukra.

_ getyobaT, kargaT ginadirniaT,

batono, _ moaxsena mRvdelma.

_ ara uSavs ra. Tqvenc karg droze

moxvediT. aba, gzas unda gavudgeT, bi-

namde kidev karga manZilia. neta,

romeli saaTi iqneba?_hkiTxa Tavadma

Taviss mdivans.

mdivanma osmaluri saaTi amoiRo

ubidan da moaxsena,_daRamebamde ori

saaTi kidev ariso.

_ pa, pa, pa!.. rogor dagvgvianebia! Sei-

Zleba, Ramemac gviswros gzaSi. aba,

Cqara gavudgeT gzas!

mwevrebi da monadireebi am sityve-

bis gagonebaze yvelani zeze wamoi-

Wrnen da ramdensame wuTs Semdeg erTs

sasoflo gzas, anu, ukeT, biliks, sul

ukanaskneli, ocda aTis kacisagan

Semdgari qaravani daadga.

2

Tavad beko sabaxTars auarebeli

komli yma hyavda aznaurebisa da

glexebisa. Tavis mxareSi ganTqmul da

gavlenian kacad iTvleboda. mama-pap-

aTa zne-CveulebisaTvis siberemde io-

tis odenac ar uRalatnia. daibada Tu

ara, ZiZas misces, afxazeTSi. ZiZa sams

weliwads awovebda ZuZus, amis Semdeg

ors weliwads kidev ise hyvanda

saxlSi. mere sabavSvo unagiriT Sekaz-

mul cxenze Sesves. Tan gamohyva ZiZa

da misi naTesavebi da mamis saxlSi

moiyvanes. mamam Svilis gasazrdeli

ZiZis TxuTmeti cxeni, ocdaaTi Zroxa

da ori komli mojalabe aCuqa; mTeli

es jogi mojalabianad afxazeTis

gzas gaudga. xolo Tavadis yrmas ax-

ali xana daudga aRzrdisa.

mSobelTa saxlSi mTeli naxevaris

wlis ganmavlobaSi beko mgeliviT

sul tyisken iyureboda, aravis ekare-

boda. unda gadasCveoda ZiZas,

ZiZiSvilebTan TamaSobas da SesCveo-

da ded-m: mas; afxazur enis magier

megruli eswavlna. sabednierod, saqme

kargad wavida da Svidis wlis beko

mamam Tavis Sianur mdivans, beruka

jiqias, miabara wera-kiTxvis saswavle-

blad.

mdivani bekos mamis yma-aznaurTa-

gani iyo, Wkviani, mixvedrili saxis

gamometyveleba hqonda. Tma naxevrad

daWaRareboda: mecnierebam udrood

daabara. zepirad icoda mTeli saRm-

rTo werili, saeklesio wesebi; sax-

orcielo Sinaarsis mwerlobidan

icoda `vefxis-tyaosani~; wakiTxul

hqonda CxruxaZis berZnuli anweri, ge-

ografia da istoria vaxuStisa xel-

naweri nawyvetebi herodotes, aris-

totelis da platonic TxzulebaTa.

misi midrekileba safilosofoso

wignebisa da sazogadod swavla-mec-

nierebisadmi aixsneboda, rogorc es

xSirad xdeba, mis maxinj garegnobiT.

cnobilia, rom brZenni iSviaTad ari-

an amave dros xorcieladac lamazni.

amitom beruka jiqias simaxinje mis

codnasTan erTad aravis ukvirda.

pataraobidanve sacodavs siarulis

magier fofxva-Ra SeeZlo uToebis ms-

gavs joxebis saSualebiT. am xor-

cielma simaxinjem beruka CamoaSora

sxvebs, romelnic martooden moZravs

da mawanwala cxovrebas eweoden, da

Zalauneburad miaCvia wignis kiTxvas.

batonis saxlSi beruka mdivnad iyo;

imas unda eTqva yvelasaTvis, rodis ra

marxva, uqme-dResaswauli ra dRes

modioda, aexsna sizmrebi, ra dRes ris

gakeTeba SeiZleboda da risa ara, da

sxva.

beko mousves anbans mTeli anbans

da isic xma-maRla gasZaxoda: an, ban,

gan... ase iZaxoda, sanam mTeli anbani

zepirad ar iswavla. zafxulobiT

beko kaklis xis Ziras ijda da iqa

swavlobda, zamTrobiT _ gaxurebul

buxris win. anbanis gaTavebas Semdeg

xelSi daviTni misces da daviTnis

swavla maSin gaaTava, roca wigni

sadme monastris sardafSi mTelis

saukunis ganmavlobaSi nagdebs da

Tagvebisagan daxrul xelnawers ar

daemsgavsa.

gadioda weliwadebi. swavlebis

saqme TandaTan win iwevda. ToTxmetis

wlis bekos maswavlebelma, rac Tvi-

Ton icoda, imis naxevari aswavla, da,

amis garda, bekom iswavla, rom mze-mi-

wis garSemo hbrunavs da ara

miwa_mzis garSemo. mamam maswavlebels

gamoucxada,_Svils axla ki eyofa

swavlao. maswavlebels Zalian ewyi-

na, magram arc is SeeZlo, winaaRmde-

gi eTqva rame.

beko ukve lamazi, mowifuli

ymawvili kaci dadga; unagirze

mSvenivraT ijda, AaWenebda ubelo

gadareul cxenebsac; TxuTmet nabi-

jis manZIlze danas Tofidan tyvias

axvedrebda, ocdaaTze_kvercxebs

amtvrebda, haerSi Zerasa hklavda;

miminoTi mwyrebze nadirobda;

ZaRlebiT irmebs, Svlebs, melias iW-

erda; Sina-ymebTan yovelgvar megrul

simRerebsa mReroda; TamaSObda afx-

azurad da lekurad daxrida Tvalebs

da wiTleboda lamaz qalis Sexve-

draze TamaSobis dros.

mamam bekos erTbaSad Seawyvetina

swavla; erTbaSadve, misTvis arc ki uk-

iTxavs, ise aiRo da coli SerTo. co-

lad SerTo erTis cnobil

TavadiSvilis erTad-erTi qali da

memkvidre mTelis qonebisa. patarZali

25 wlisa iyo. amdens xans qali gauTx-

ovrad imitom ki ara mjdara, rom uSno

iyo, aramed imitom, rom dedmama

Sesafer saqmros veRar hpoulobda

TavadiSvilebi; rac axalgazrda

TavadiSvilebi iyvnen, inguridan

mokidebuli suramamde, ueWvelad

enaTesaveboden qals; ZarTvebSi bebi-

is mxridan mefis sisxli edga, bebiis

dedis mxridan_mTavrisa; sabaxTarebi

ki, rogorc viciT, samasis wlis winad

gaTavadiSvilden, liparit dadianis

dros; amitom qalis mSoblebs beko

TavianT Sesafer sizes ar miaCndaT

daTu mainc qali miaTxoves, miaTxoves

imitom, rom eSinodaT, qali gauTx-

ovrad xelSi ar Semogvaberdeso.

jvarisweris Semdeg bekos coli

marTa Tavis mSoblebis saxlSi xuTs

weliwads cxovrobda da Tavis qmars

mxolod xandaxan xedavda. beko erTi-

oris dRiT Tu movidoda coleuris

saxlSi stumrad. amasobaSi awyobden

mziTEvs, romelic swores imdeni unda

yofiliyo, ramdenic aRniSnuli iyo

mziTvis siaSi. bekos simamrs Tu vin-

me kiTxavda, ratom ar aZlev siZes qal-

sao, Tavs imiT imarTlebda, rom er-

Tad-erTi qali myavs da ase male ro-

gor moviSOrovo. meeqvse weliwads

beko coli Taviss saxlSi waiyvana da

didis ambit gadaixada qorwili.

amis Semdeg bekos cxovrebaSi ori

RirsSesaniSnavi ambavi moxda: ocdaa-

Tians wlebSi bekom monawileoba mii-

Ro jiqebis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebaSi,

sadac Tavisi, asis kacisagan Semdga-

ri, razmi hyavda megrelebisa, xolo

ormocian wlebSi miwas miabara jer

deda da mere mama.

amis Semdeg bekom damoukideblaT

iwyo cxovreba.

misma ymebma yvelam icoda Tavisi

movaleoba, CveulebiT dakanonebuli,

da yvelafers uklebriv asrulebden.

aznaurebi sapatio mxleblebada hyav-

da, aznaurebive hyavda mouravebad, mo-

lareT-xucesad, mejinibeebad. maT

ebaraT marani da sxva. glexebs mo-

hqondaT sxvadasxva sursaTi: Rvino,

piri, cxvari, Zroxa da sxva. yvelam

icoda, ra emarTa da Taviss vals uk-

lebriv ixdida; magram rac emarTa,

imaze zewdmets veravis gamoarT-

mevdiT. magaliTad, erTs ojaxs emar-

Ta batonis sasaxleSi zurgiT SeSis

zidva. bekom ganizraxa gadasaxadi

Seemsubuqebina da uremi misca, magram

glexma gadaWrili uari uTxra aseT

Semsubuqebaze,_Cvenis Cveulebis

winaaRmdegiao. `batoni jer Taviss

urems momcems,_ambobda TavisTvis

glexi,_SeSis sazidavad. mere

metyvis_Senis urmiT momitaneo, Semdeg

ki amave urmiT simindis motanas mi-

brZabebs; es-ki Cveulebad gadameqce-

va da mec axali gadasaxadi damede-

ba_urmiT SeSis zidva. mere SeSa

isev moagondebaT da ZveleburaT

zurgiT mizidvineben~...


samegrelo da svaneTi

korneli borozdini

am wignis avtoris, korneli

borozdinis samsaxureobrivi kariera

kavkasiaSi daiwyo. igi jer mTavarmar-

Teblis kancelariaSi muSaobda,

Semdeg ki (1854 wels) samegrelos

dedofalTan miavlines miwer-moweris

sawarmoeblad da misi Svilebis aR-

mzrdelad. 1858 wels dainiSna senakis

olqis ufrosad, sadac 1867 wlamde

imsaxura. swored aq gaecno igi

samegrelos mosaxleobis yofas,

romelic sainteresod aRwera Tavis

wignSi.

borozdinis mogonebebSi sakmaod

vrclad aris gadmocemuli os-

maleTis jarebis mier samegre-

los awiokeba, romelic Semdeg

rusma jariskacebma alagmes.


gTavazobT nawyvets

akademikos klimenti

Selias wignidan”

iberiada iwyeba kolxeTiT,

kolxeTSia qarTuli da

msoflio civilizaciis

saTave

levan sanikiZe

barTlome sarTania naSromSi

“Zveli kolxeTi” wers: “yvela ers

Tavisi uZvelesi winapari hyavs.

qarTveli eris uZvelesi winaprebi ar-

ian arabi qaldebi. qaldebma war-

moSves kolxeTis megreli xalxi, _

speruli kolxuri gaerTianebebiT,

sakuTari erovnobiT da sax-

elmwifoebriobiT. rogorc Cans, aR-

mosavleT saqarTvelos qorTu xalxi

dasavleT sperul-kolxur erTeulis

organul nawils warmoadgens. droTa

ganmavlobaSi aRmosavleT saqarTve-

los qorTu xalxi da dasavleT

saqarTvelos kolx-megruli xalxi,

ert Zmur ojaxad gaerTianda _

qarTveli eris saxelwodebiT, qorTu

igive megrelia, aseve megreli igive

qorTu da qarTvelia. Zveli kolxeTi

qarTveli eris fuZemdebelia”. (barT-

lome sarTania, “Zveli kolxeTi”, Ju-

rnali “aia”, #1, 1998 weli).

sudanis arabma qaldebma, _ wers b.

sarTania _ asureTis sazRvarTan Se-

qmnes didi saxelmwifo, romelic

mraval samefos aerTianebda. qaldiis

xalxi Sedgeboda ramdenime monaTesave

tomisagan: tamalebi, tabalebi, kaskebi,

muskebi (muskebi _ gavixsenoT Wabua

amirejibis “daTa TuTaSxia”), heloxe-

bi, karduxebi, tibarebi (yvela aRwer-

ili aqvs ivane javaxiSvils) da sxve-

bi.

“Zveli welTaRricxvis 540 wels

qaldebma babiloni, siria da palesti-

na daipyres da warmoqmnes didi impe-

ria” (akademikosi becoldi _ “siria da

babiloni”). qaldebs sakuTari damw-

erloba hqondaT.

SemdgomSi aRniSnulma tomebma sax-

elebi icvales: tobalebi, karduxebi, he-

nioxebi, tabalebi, kaskebi da sxvebi.

kolxur-megrul gaerTianebas

miekuTvnebian muskebi, SemdegSi mesxe-

bad iwodebodnen _ ivane javaxiSvili

ar brZanebs _ ar ganmartavs, “Tu ratom

iqcnen muskebi saqarTveloSi mesxebad.

did qaldeaSi Semavali muskebic

megrelebi iyvnen”. (barTlome sarTania,

“Zveli kolxeTi”, gv. 47-48).

“megruli qaldea axlo aR-

mosavleTSi Tavis droze Zlieri sax-

elmwifo iyo kulturiTa da samxedro

ZlierebiT. megrulma qaldebma mravali

saukune ibatones mezobel qveynebze _

babilonze, siriaze, palestinasa da

ierusalimze. amrigad, megruli qaldea

veeberTela imperiis mflobeli qveyana

iyo uZveles droSi... rom megruli

qaldebis imperia axlo aRmosavleTSi

iyo pirvel megrelTa saimperio qveyana

miuxedavad imisa, rom igi im periodSi

satomo saxelad megrels ar atarebda”

(iqve).

rogorc aRiniSna, mecnierebs

garkveuli aqvT, rom egviptur civi-

lizacias didi xniT win uswrebda

SuamdinareTis civilizacia, xolo

qalRmerT nanas qandakeba (Suamd-

inareTi) egviptur qalRmerT isidas

(SviliT) qandakebas. aseve madona, ro-

gorc nana, uZvelesi megruli sax-

elia.

warRvnis Sesaxeb legendis ramden-

ime varianti arsebobs. erT-erTi uZve-

lesia gilgameSis eposi. warRvnis gmi-

rad naxsenebia zisudra; gilgameSis

eposSi mocemuli gmirebi sumbaba, en-

qidu, uTu, araru, agreTve maSus mTa,

TviT gilgameSSic ki ixsnebian lazur-

megrulad.

gilgameSi gamoyvanilia rogorc

energiuli da gambedavi axalgazrda

mefe, romelic Sumeruli da aqaduri

eposis gmiria.

“zisudra Surufaqidan iyo, romel-

sac upretenzio qalaqis saxeli hqon-

da. swored aqidan SearCia RvTaeba en-

qim Sesaferisi pirovneba, romelsac

gaando saidumlo da daavala moe-

grovebina yvela cocxali arseba wyvi-

lad, moeTavsebina xomaldSi _ bib-

liur kidobanSi da dalodeboda

stiqias, romelic movida warRvnis

saxiT. stiqia-warRvnas radaurCnen mx-

olod xomaldSi moTavsebuli arse-

bani. warRvnis semdeg yvela cocxali

arseba zisudram (bibliurma noem)

gauSva TavianT gzaze, dedamiwas Seu-

narCuna asamianis modgmis warRvnamde

arsebuli yvela cocxali arseba”

(bada (negusi) sofia, laz megrelTa...

gv.48).

Sumeruli miTis mixedviT warRvnis

mTavari gmiris zisudras (bibliuri

noes) saxeli ukvdavi gaxda. aseve ukv-

davi gaxda qalaq Surufaqis saxelic,

sadac mosamzadebeli muSaoba Caatara

zisudram warRvnamde, warRvnis dros

da mis Semdeg. yvelaferi amis “Semdeg

RmerTebma zisudras ukvdaveba uboZes

da dimunis erT-erT kunZulze, mdinaris

SesarTavTan daasaxles coliT da

mosamsaxuriT, romelsac Sumeruli

gadmocemis Tanaxmad, mxolod gil-

gameSi estumra

rogorc Sumeruli Tqmulebidan

Cans da rogorc mecnierebsac dadge-

nili aqvT, warRvnis Sesaxeb Tqmuleba

protoSumerebs ekuTvniT, e.i. bananuri

enis matarebel xalxs. bibliis Semqm-

nelebs igi swored Sumeruli legen-

didad aqvT gadmocemuli”. amtkiceben,

rom gilgameSis legenda daedo sa-

fuZvlad gmirebs berZnebisas _ herak-

les, romaelebisas _ herkuless,

qarTvelebisa _ amirans, megrelebisa _

verexuts (aramxuts) da sxvebs. veremx-

utu (aramxutu) eomeboda samTavian,

xuTTavian, cxraTavian devebs da

cecxlismfrqvevel urCxuls, da ise

Zlieri da gonieria, rom amarcxebs maT.

“gilgameSis” da “veremxutus” sax-

elebi erT enaze da erTnairi tradi-

ciebidanaa warmoSobili da orive

saxelis warmoSoba ekuTvnis laz-

megrelebs (bada (negusi) sofia, laz

megrelTa... gv.118).

Sumeruli miTosuri kunZulis sax-

elwodeba “dilmuni” lazur-megruli

warmoSobisaa. dilmunSi qvriv-oblebi

ar arian, yvav-yornebi ar Cxavian, lomi

aravis erCis, mgeli batkans ar glejs

da sxva. dalmuni wminda da ubiwo adg-

ilia; aRapa da Svidi afqali dResac

ixmareba megrulad; aseve enqidu, sum-

baba, marduki, enqiea da sxvebi pirdapir

megruli warmomavlobis sityvebia.

Sumeruli miTebis msgavsi zRaprebi

mravlad aris megrul-svanurSi; Zveli

babilonis teritoriaze mcxovrebsa da

laz-megrul (Wanur) salaparako enaSi

bevri damTxvevebia (amaze zemoTac vi-

laparakeT da kvlavac gveqneba

saubari).

rogorc iTqva, cnobilia, Sumerebi da

pelazgi-kolxebi urTierTSoris did

kulturul gavlenas axdendnen. ise, ro-

gorc Sumerebi, kolxebi did pativs

scemdnen mTvaris RvTaeba “nana”-s.

megrulad “nana”, rogorc bevrjer

iTqva, dedasac niSnavs da mas kolxe-

bi (megrelebi) ganuzomlad Tayvans

scemdnen da scemen. samegrelos yvela

kuTxeSi dedas “nana” hqvia, da oTxi Tu

xuTi aTasi wlis win am RvTaebriv

“nana”-s ulamazes simRerebs um-

Rerodnen: “nanaia nana”, “nanasqua”, “di-

doia nana”, “vov nana”. aseve TavianTi

saxelmwifo “aia”-s sadideblad Seuqm-

niaT egriselebs (kolxebs)

daaxloebiT oTxi-xuTi aTasi wlis win

iseTi ulamazesi simRerebi, rogoric

aris “odoia” _ mTvaris RvTaeba “nana”-

ze da igive dedaze. es simRerebi Se-

qmnilia egeosis zRvis kunZul evbeize.

“Sumerebsac” simRerebi hqondaT Ta-

vianT qalaq erexeTze da mTvaris Rv-

Taeba “nana”-ze. megrelebs aqvT simR-

era qalaq erexeTze _ “erexeTi-merex-

eTi”, romelsac dResac mRerian.

ese igi pelazg-kolxebs-megrelebs,

laz-Wanebs, svanebs aRniSnul period-

Si axlo urTierToba hqondaT

“SumerebTan”, es iqidanac Cans, rom hqon-

daT qalaq-saxelmwifo “aia”, hyavdaT

mefeebi hiperioni da heliosi (ambrosi

kilasonia, Zveli kolxuri..., gv. 71).

zemoT aRniSnuli Svidi afqalis

Sesaxeb bada sofia wers: “Sumeruli

gadmocemiT afqalebi, RvTaeba enqis

naSierebi arian, romlebmac istori-

amdel xanaSi civilizaciis sawyisebi

Semoitanes Sumeris miwa-wyalze.

Sumerul da aqadur teqstebSi Svidi

afqali moxseniebulia, rogorc Svidi

brZeni... gadmocema Tel-elobiedis

kulturis Semqmnel xalxs ekuTvnis.

Svidi afqali, e.i. Svidi brZeni bananuri

enis matarebeli xalxis _ laz-

megrelebis enaze yofila Seqmnili...

Svidma afqalma Seaswavla bananuri

enis xalxs yvela is sikeTe, ris Sede-

gadac warmoiSva Semdeg Sumeruli

civilizacia” (bada (negusi) sofia,

laz-megrelTa..., gv. 121).

kolxeT-“SumereTis” urTierTobas-

Tan dakavSirebiT oriode sityviT

aRvniSnavT babiloneTis saxelmwifos

warmoSobis zogierT sakiTxs. Suamd-

inareTis saxelmwifo babiloneTi war-

moiSva Zveli welTaRricxvis mesame

aTaswleulSi. mas ewodeboda “Sumeri

da aqadi”. babiloneTis istoriis

pirveli periodi moicavs Zveli

welTaRricxvis 1895-1595 wlebs.

qalaqi babiloni (berZnulad Rmer-

Tis karibWe, Zvelebraulad sityva

balal-is mixedviT _ areva, miTis

mixedviT _ daumTavrebeli qalaqi)

Seiqmna Zveli welTaRricxvis mesame

aTaswleulSi, romelic daaarses

“Sumerebma”. qalaqi jer emorCileboda

aqadis mefeebs (Zveli welTaRricxvis

XXIV-XXII saukuneebi, xolo Semdeg

uris III dinastiis mefeebs).

Zveli welTaRricxvis III saukunemde

babiloni iyo Zveli aRmosavleTis

ekonomikuri, politikuri da kultu-

ruli centri. Zveli welTaRricxvis

539 wels is daikava kiros meorem, Zveli

welTaRricxvis 331 wels aleqsandre

makedonelma, 321 wels ki qalaqs daeu-

fla selevki I, romelmac mosaxleobis

didi nawili gaasaxla selevkiaSi

(qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, tomi

2).

aRsaniSnavia, rom babilonuri mx-

atvrul-literaturuli Semoqmedeba

ZiriTadad Semoinaxa asureTis wign-

sacavebma (gansakuTrebiT asur bani-

falis). am literaturidan pirvel

rigSi aRsaniSnavia miTebi Suamd-

inareTelTa kosmogoniur, kos-

mologiur da Teologiur Sexedile-

bebze. mevnierebis ganviTarebis maRal

doneze migvaniSnebs isic, rom mzis dab-

neleba pirvelad babilonSi aRweres

Zveli welTaRricxvis 721 wels. imasac

miuTiTeben, rom mzis dabneleba pirve-

lad Cinelma Cu bum aRwera Zveli

welTaRricxvis 709 wels. Tu es asea,

orive aRmoCena erTmaneTisagan

damoukideblad momxdara. (gazeTi “ax-

ali Taoba”, 2007 wlis 17 ivlisi, #194).

Zveli welTaRricxvis V-IV

aTaswleulSi gaCnda stilizebuli

gamosaxulebiT Semkuli Tixis sakul-

to WurWeli, Tixis statuebi, Zveli

welTaRricxvis IV aTaswleulis Sua

xanebSi daiwyo taZrebis intensiuri

mSenebloba, _ aRniSnavs profesori

zurab kiknaZe.

qarTul enciklopediaSi miTiTebu-

lia: III aTaswleulis Sua xanebidan

metalurgiaSi ukve cnobili iyo

Camosxma, kverva, Wedva, oqrosa da ver-

cxlis mavTulis damzadeba. swored

rkinisa da foladis (metalurgiis)

pirvelki aRmoCenebi kolxur tomebSi

xalibebSi iyo. kolxeTSi III

aTaswleulis Sua xanebSi met-

alurgiul warmoebas safuZveli hqo-

nia Cayrili.

rogorc Cans, sameTuneo Carxis

gamogoneba, romelic kacobriobis

udidesi monapovaria, bananur enaze mo-

laparake xalxs ekuTvnis.

qveda mesopotamiis samxreTiT brin-

jaos xanas safuZveli Caeyara Zveli

welTaRricxvis 2.800-2.700 wlebSi. brin-

jao miRebulia spilenZisa da kalis

Senadnobisagan, romelsac Sumeruli

leqsikoniT “zimbari” ewodeba. es ter-

minic ekuTvnis bananur enaze mola-

parake laz-megrelebs da ueWvelia, rom

brinjaos Senadnobis damuSavebis

teqnologiac ekuTvnis am xalxs.

aseve, rkinis aRmoCenis zusti TariRi

dadgenili ar aris. rkinis gadamuSave-

bis teqnikuri procesi gasaidumloe-

buli iyo Zveli welTaRricxvis II

aTaswleulis bolomde. rkinis aRmo-

Cena da damuSaveba xdeba Sav-

izRvispireTis samxreT-aRmosavleTSi,

qalaq trapizonis mimdebare terito-

riaze _ farnakiaSi. am xalxs adre Se-

qmnili hqondaT liTonis, oqros, ver-

cxlis damuSavebis teqnologia da sxva

didmniSvnelovani sakacobrio saqmeebi.

strabonis TqmiT, xaldebi _ xalibebi

ufro adre megrelebad moixseniebod-

nen. swored am xalxebma Seqmnes

Sumeris civilizaciisaTvis saWiro

niadagi da TviT Sumeris civilizacia.

bananur enaze molaparake megrel-

xaldebs vrceli teritoriebi ekavaT

qveda mesopotamiis samxreTsa da

CrdiloeTSi, mesopotamiis aR-

mosavleTSi, Savi zRvis samxreT-aR-

mosavleTSi, tigrosisa da evfratis

saTaveebSi, vanisa da urmis tbebis mi-

damoebSi. am xalxs “sakacobrio

mniSvnelobis codna ramdenime

aTaswleulebis siRrmidan mohyve-

boda... dRes mecnierebis mier dad-

genili yvela xana, qvis xanis garda,

Seqmnili yofila bananuri enis

matarebelis namoRvawaris sa-

fuZvelze” _ wers bada sofia” (bada

(negusi) sofia, laz-megrelTa..., gv. 199-

200).

klimenti Seliaakademikosi,

damsaxurebuli moRvawe.

“kolxeTi _ Cveni samyaros karibWe


afxazeTis Rirseuli Svilebi

afxazebisTvisac da qarTvelebisTvisac erTnairad saamayo adamianisimarTle giTxraT, sevdas mgvri-

da is ambavi, rom afxazeTis

xelisufleba quCebsa da dawese-

bulebebs qarTul saxelebs ucvl-

ida, rac yovelTvis Cveni erTo-

blivi mdidari warsulis waSlis

mcdelobad mesaxeboda. erTaderTi,

ramac gamaxara, iyo is, rom soxum-

Si erT-erT quCas didi afxazi mec-

nieris simon aSxvacavas saxeli

uwodes. mivxvdi, rom yvelaferi

dakarguli jer kidev ar aris,

radgan arseboben is afxazi da

qarTveli mamuliSvilebi, romelTa

xsovnac erTnairad Zvirfasia ro-

gorc qarTvelebisaTvis, ise afx-

azebisaTvis. Znelia im mware war-

sulis daviwyeba, roca uamrav

adamians mouswrafa sicocxle

ZmaTaSoris atexilma uazro omma,

romlis zRvarzec afxazebi da

qarTvelebi orive xalxis

moRalate arakeTilsindisierma

vai-politikosebma wamoiwyes, ma-

gram ukandasaxevi gza moWrili

gvaqvs, radgan ukan siaruli mx-

olod dagvaSorebs erTmaneTs. Cven

win unda viaroT, mxolod win, da

maSin aucileblad SevxvdebiT erT-

maneTs, TvalebSi CavxedavT, movef-

erebiT didi xnis unaxav monatrul

adamianebs da SevecdebiT, rom erT-

maneTs mware Secdoma mivutevoT.

swored am saqmes moemsaxureba

dReidan Cveni gazeTis axali

rubrika “afxazeTis Rirseuli

Svilebi”. amjerad gTavazobT wer-

ils SesaniSnav adamianze, did afx-

az mecniersa da mamuliSvilze

simon aSxvacavaze.

simon aSxvacava gudauTis raionis

ulamazes sofel lixnSi daibada. igi

TavadTa sagvareulos warmomadgeneli

gaxldaT _ “aSxvaci” Tavaduri gvaria,

daboloveba “va” mogvianebiT miamates...

misi bebiebic Tavadis qalebi iyvnen,

dedac... lakerbais, inalifas, SarvaSiZis

STamomavalni.

simon aSxvacavam qarTuli ena ar

icoda _ suliT da msoflmxedvelobiT

afxazi iyo.

miuxedavad amisa, zogierTi misi

statia, romelic exeboda saqarTvelosa

da afxazeTis erTianobis sakiTxs,

xSirad xdeboda xolme cxare kamaTis

sagani mecnierTa Soris. simon aSxva-

cava yvelafers akeTebda saimisod,

rom afxazeTs mxolod win evlo...

simons tartus universiteti hqonda

damTavrebuli, razedac im periodSi

bevrs natvrac ki ar SeeZlo. igi gaxl-

daT pirveli afxazi enaTmecnieri da

arqeologi.

simon aSxvacava niko marTan da ivane

javaxiSvilTan erTad muSaobda da mec-

nieruli analiziT daaskvna, rom ara

marto afxazebs, mTel CrdiloeT

kavkasias damwerlobad qarTuli anbani

unda hqondeso. ase arc erTi anbani ar

uxdeba kavkasiur enebso, acxadebda

didi afxazi mecnieri. erTi periodi es

sakiTxi gadawyvetiladac ki iTvle-

boda. simon aSxvacava ocnebobda, wa-

suliyo SveicariaSi, daemzadebina

Srifti da soxumSi Camoetana... magram,

rogorc Cans, qarTul-afxazur Zmur

urTierTobebs momtero elementebi

arasodes aklda, romelTa mcdelo-

biTac afxazuri literaturuli sivr-

cidan ganidevna qarTuli, romelic

Caanacvla slavurma anbanma. es ki kidev

erT dabrkolebad Seiqmna afxazebisa

da qarTvelebis saukunovani megobro-

ba-naTesaobisaTvis.

simon aSxvacavam soxumSi daaarsa

ori instituti, sadac bunebisme-

tyvelebasa da enaTmecnierebas aswavl-

ida. marTalia erT sistemaSi muSaobd-

nen, magram simoni nestor lakobas bevr

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT upirispirde-

boda da yovelTvis inarCunebda

damoukidebel azrsa da Sexedulebas.

simoni literaturul saqmianobasac

eweoda _ dawera ori piesa afxazeTis

cxovrebaze _ “safar bei” da “omar bei”,

romlebic soxumis TeatrSi daudgams

kidec.

bolos igi afxazeTis ganaTlebis

ministri iyo. swored ministrobisas,

1938 wlis dasawyisSi daxvrites ume-

cari moSurneebis dasmenis Sedegad _

zRvis sanapiroze gamoasalmes sic-

ocxles da mkvlelTa varaudis

sapirispirod muxlebze mdgomi ar

evedreboda maT _ nu momklavTo.

amayad, vaJkacurad Seegeba mzakvarTa

xeliT nasrol tyvias...

mogvianebiT soxumSi, maqsim gorkis

saxelobis pedagogiuri instituti

gaixsna, romlis ceremonialsac sab-

WoTa kavSiris sxvadasxva umaRlesi

saswavleblebis warmomadgenlebi

eswrebodnen, romelTa Soris gaxldaT

tartus universitetis reqtoric. man

Turme aRSfoTebiT mimarTa damswre

sazogadoebas: “me tartus univer-

sitetSi Tqveni saamayo Tanamemamule

mecnieris simon aSxvacavas portreti

mikidia, Tqven ki mis saxels umaRles

saswavlebels ar arqmevTo?!”.

marTlac sawyenia is ambavi, rom

dRevandel afxazeTSi viRacas ar

surs gaixsenos, Tu rogor ixsna simon

aSxvacava ueWveli sikvdilisagan

qarTvelma Tavadma nikoloz (kola)

erisTavma.

aqve am pirovnebazec mogaxsenebT

oriod sityvas: kola erisTavi iyo

saqarTvelos erovnuli moRvawe, didi

qvelmoqmedi, ilia WavWavaZis Taname-

brZoli. iliam igi bankis mmarTvelad

gaagzavna, im dros, lamis erTianad

somxebiT dasaxlebul qiziySi, sadac

erisTavma araerTi kargi qarTuli

saqme gaakeTa. xalxs Zalian uyvarda

es warmosadegi da Wkviani vaJkaci,

romelic sxvisi niWis piruTvneli

damfasebeli gaxldaT. vaJa-fSavelas-

Tan megobrobda Turme, didad afaseb-

da da xels uwyobda genialur qarTv-

el poets...

studentobisas simon aSxvacava afx-

azeTisaTvis saukeTeso politikuri mo-

mavlis ZiebaSi revolucias miemxro,

mere ki aumxedrda. magram misi es saq-

cieli ar gaxldaT politikaSi

gauTviTcnobierebeli axalgazrda

kacis mier gauazrebeli

gadawyvetilebis miRebis Sedegi. simon

aSxvacavam Tavidanve gansWvrita, rom

revolucia bevri sikeTis momtani ver

iqneboda mcire erebisaTvis da obieq-

turi pozicia daikava, ramac

gansazRvra kidec misi politikuri da

moqalaqeobrivi sasicocxlo kredo.

amgvari politikuri azrovnebis gamo

erTi xani metexis cixeSi ijda. iq mZ-

imed daavadda da naxevrad mkvdari

gamoagdes cixidan. xis Ziras iyo

migdebuli da nel-nela qreboda...

swored am dros Cauvlia metexis

cixesTan etliT kola erisTavs.

_ naxeT, viRac kaci gamougdiaT cix-

idan, iqneb cocxali aRarc ki aris,

midi, naxe, sunTqavs Tu arao, _

ubrZanebia kolas meetlisaTvis.

meetle mivida, simoni gadmoabruna,

yurebi mousrisa da gaxarebulma SesZa-

xa:

_ cocxalia, batono, sunTqavs!..

ris vai-vaglaxiT Casves etlSi ax-

algazrda dauZlurebuli kaci da ko-

lam igi axalgorSi waiyvana, eris-

Tavebis mamulSi.

erTi weliwadi mkurnalobdnen eris-

TavTa ojaxis wevrebi simon aSxvacavas.

im droisaTvis saqarTveloSi saukeTe-

so eqimi lasxiSvili dauyenebiaT avad-

myofis sarecelTan da, rogorc ityvian,

sikdils gamostaces xelidan axal-

gazrda kaci, romelic mxolod afx-

azur enaze metyvelebda.

maSin kola erisTavis umcrosi qal-

iSvili nina 19 wlisa yofila. mas si-

moni Seuyvarda Turme, romelmac aseve

siyvaruliT upasuxa mSvenier asuls.

gamojanmrTelebisTanave simon aSxva-

cava da nina erisTavi daqorwindnen _

jvari daiweres da maSinve afxazeTSi

gadavidnen sacxovreblad.

erisTavis qals aq sul sxva kul-

tura daxvda, romelic meuRlis didi

siyvarulis gamo uxmod miiRo _ rZa-

li fexebs hbanda mamamTils... afxazuri

kerZebic imdenad cxare iyo, rom

qarTlur lbil samzareulos

miCveuli qali verasgziT ver Seegua.

rogorc Cans, Tavs mainc gaucxoebulad

grZnobda. moajdeboda xolme cxens da

dilidan saRamomde jiriTobda. saTu-

Tad gazrdili erisTavis asuli gaciv-

da, tuberkuloziT daavadda da 31

wlis asakSi gardaicvala, rac didi

dartyma iyo simon aSxvacavasaTvis.

maT erTaderTi Svili darCaT _

Salva aSxvacava, romelsac es saxeli

ninas erTaderTi Zmis, 1921 wels

daRupuli iunkris, Salva erisTavis pa-

tivsacemad daanaTles.

Semdeg iyo TavauRebeli muSaoba, ax-

ali samecniero traqtatebi, protestis

Riad gamoxatva bolSevikuri Zalado-

bis gamo, rasac dabezRebebi, simonis da-

patimreba da daxvreta mohyva. Salva

maSin mxolod 13 wlisa iyo da bol-

Sevikebma igi ZaRliviT gamoagdes

gagris sakuTari saxlidan. bavSvi 6

Tvis ganmavlobaSi soxumis botanikur

baRSi cxovrobda da mcenareebiTa da

Zirxvenebis WamiT ibrunebda suls...

mogvianebiT Turme Salva ambobda:

“dedas ar vuyvardi, arasodes mefere-

bodao”.

es ar gaxldaT simarTle, radgan

uimedo sneul ninas eSinoda Svil-

isaTvis ar gadaedo es momakvdinebeli

daavadeba da amitomac erideboda er-

TaderT sayvarel pirmSosTan urTier-

Tobas. gvian RamiT pirbades aikravda,

xelTaTmanebs gaikeTebda da saxeSe-

qceviT efereboda mZinare Salvas...

lamis samyaros dasasruls hgavda

bavSvisaTvis mamis daxvreta. igi mTlad

daoblda. didebuli iaraRiT

gawyobili uZvirfasesi noxi darCa

Turme saxlSi, saidanac bolSevikebma

gamoaZeves. sasowarkveTili bavSvi Sin-

saxkomelebs evedreboda: iaraRi mainc

damitoveTo, isini ki dascinodnen da

wixlebiT igeriebdnen.

mainc gaumarTla patara Salvas _

ramdenime Tvis Ziebis Semdeg deidam

ipova da deduleTSi waiyvana sacx-

ovreblad, magram afxazeTi mainc mw-

vave tkivilad darCa bavSvis mexsiere-

baSi.

Salva aSxvacavam 1956 wels miiRo

mamis reabilitaciis cnoba. aR-

mzrdelma deidam urCia, _ Cadi afx-

azeTSi, iqneb ojaxis kuTvnili

qonebidan rame mainc dagibrunono. im

dros afxazeTis saolqo komitetis

pirveli mdivani, sikeTiT gamorCeuli

pirovneba, bRaJba iyo, mTel sabWoTa

kavSirSi ki moqalaqeTa Cawerisa da

adgilebze damagrebis mkacri wesebi

mZvinvarebda. amitom uTqvams bRaJbas:

TbilisSi cxovrobT da ver dagex-

marebiT, soxumSi Tu gadmoxvalT

sacxovreblad, yvelafers mogcemTo...

aSxvacavebis saxli daengriaT. Sal-

va Zalze mokrZalebuli pirovneba

iyo: uTxovia, bevri araferi minda,

sadme ori oTaxi momeciTo. gamouyves...

magram Svils mamis saxsovrad Za-

lian undoda raime mainc epova simo-

nis kuTvnili Zveli nivTebidan.

SemTxveviT gaigo, rom erT-erTi par-

tiuli moRvawis saxlSi inaxeboda

maTi aveji. magram am ojaxis di-

asaxlisma, romelsac aveji Sal-

vasaTvis misacemad ar emeteboda, Turme

erTianad dasera tyavis SesaniSnavi

sameuli, magram Salvam igi mainc

wamoiRo, radgan mamis xelSenaxebi

nivTebi misTvis simdidre ki ara,

lamazi warsulis xsovna iyo...

aSxvacavebis ojaxi dResac

rudunebiT inaxavs simoniseul, dro-

Jamisagan gacrecil sameuls... kedels

ki nina erisTavis maTraxi amSvenebs...

es aris naTeli xsovna, romelic um-

Tavresia rogorc adamianebis, ise ere-

bis cxovrebaSi. da kidev: am ambavs

erTi saocari Tavisebureba aqvs _ Za-

lianac rom moindomo, afxazebis ambavs

ise ver mohyvebi, qarTvelebi rom ar

axseno...

Cven gadavxedeT 1980-ian wlebSi

gamocemul qarTul sabWoTa encik-

lopedias da, Cvenda samwuxarod, iq si-

mon aSxacavaze dawerili erTi

striqonic ki ver aRmovaCineT. es ukve

Cveni, _ qarTvelebis didi sircxvilia.

amitom, gazeTi “ilori” Txovs yvelas,

visac ki raime wignebi, simon aSxvacavas

xelnawerebi da am pirovnebasTan

dakavSirebuli nebismieri dokumenti

gaaCnia, gadmougzavnos igi redaqcias.

Cven gvinda movamzadoT wigni am

SesaniSnav pirovnebaze da misi erTo-

blivad gamocemiT ukvdavyoT simon

aSxvacavas saxeli, romelic erTnairad

Zvirfasia rogorc afxazebis, aseve

qarTvelebisaTvis.

“citata-

Sexseneba

afxazeTis xalxma organu-

lad gaaerTiana Tavisi

erovnebisa da xalxis damax-

asiaTebeli tradiciebi, adaT-

wesebi, xasiaTi da Tavisebure-

bani, Seqmna adgilobrivi

adamianis erTiani kolorit-

uli tipi, unikaluri yofiTi

kultura, uromlisodac ver

warmoudgeniaT sakuTari Tavi

verc adgilobriv qarTvelebs

da verc afxazebs. afxazeTis

dRevandeli xelmZRvanelebis

gancxadeba, rom sisxliT,

tradiciebiT da adaTebiT afx-

azebi ufro axlos dganan

Crdilo kavkasiis xalxebTan, _

arasworia. arabebic da

ebraelebic semitebi arian, ma-

gram moZme xalxs verafriT

uwodeb. aviRoT igive naTe-

sauri kavSirebi: adiReelebsa

da yabardoelebTan afxazebis

danaTesaobis SemTxvevebi

ukiduresi iSviaToba iyo, im

dros, rodesac adgilobriv

qarTvelebsa da afxazebs

Soris qorwineba Cveulebrivi

movlena gaxldaT.

aleqsandre WaWia,

1996 wlis dekemberi”.

vazis saocari jiSifirma "gamwvaneba" krwanisi gTavazobT unikaluri jiSis vazs,

romelsac Cveni Soreuli winaprebi jer kidev me-12 saukuneSi

aSenebdnen varZiaSi terasebze mowyobil venaxebSi. TeTri da

Savi jiSis vazi isxams 3-kilogramian mtevnebs, da rac mTavaria,

yinva da gvalvagamZle jiSis vazi xarobs saqarTvelos nebis-

mier kuTxeSi _ subtropikuli zoniT dawyebuli da alpuri

zoniT damTavrebuli. mas ar Wirdeba Sewamlva, rTvloba ki Sua

seqtembers ar scildeba. vazs, romelic mosavals mesame wels

iZleva, ar sWirdeba mobarva da swored amitomac daarqva fir-

mis xelmZRvanelma zaur Tabagarma "samefo" da "saTavado", radgan

am wris xalxs qeifi ufro exerxeboda, vidre venaxis movla.

tel. 72-05-06.

mis. _ Tbilisi, gorgasalis 52. Sps "gamwvaneba" krwanisi.

ilori16 marti 2010

iumori

avtorebs ekisrebaT

pasuxismgebloba faqtebisa da

monacemebis sizusteze

redaqciis misamarTia:

Tbilisi,

zandukelis quCa #1

sareg.#01018002930

www ilori.gee-mail:[email protected] ganTavseba

8 9 9 - 5 7 - 3 3 - 2 2

8 9 3 - 5 1 - 0 1 - 7 1

8 9 9 - 3 4 - 3 7 - 2 7

mTavari redaqtori: roland jalaRania

mT. redaqtoris moadgile: daviT qobalia

teqnikuri redaqtori: mixeil CodriSvili

gazeTis menejeri: zurab qobalia

gazeTi “ilori” uZRveba rubrikas “saukeTeso safexburTo klubebi”

gazeTi “saqarTvelo da msoflio”

erT-erTi lideri qarTul mediasivrceSi!

misi ZiriTadi kredo _ SeiZleba, zogjer Zalze

mware, magram mainc simarTle, mxolod simarTle!

msoflioSi mimdinare politikuri procesebis miu-

kerZoebeli analizi, saintereso publikaciebi, in-

terviuebi, problemaTa profesiuli, obieqturi

xedva, patriotuli suliskveTeba da maRali zneo-

bisadmi swrafva, myari moqalaqeobrivi pozicia, pa-

triotizmi, principuloba da ara sijiute, axal-

gazrda Taobis sulieri formirebis procesebSi

Rrma wvdoma, SemecnebiTi informaciebi msoflios

sxvadasxva qveynebidan, fantastika da realoba...

idiasinkrazia yovelgvari siyviTlisa da iaffasiani

sensaciebisadmi!

es gazeTi mxolod seriozul mkiTxvelzea gaTv-

lili _ araseriozulebi da kuluaruli iafi Wor-

intrigebis moyvarulebi nu gamogvexmaurebian!

SeiZineT da ikiTxeT gazeTi

“saqarTvelo da msoflio”!

daarsebulia 1945 wels,

stadioni “crvena zvezda”, 98.000 mayurebeli.

iugoslaviis Cempioni 22-jer,

iugoslaviis Tasis 18-gzis mflobeli,

sakontinentTaSoriso Tasis mflobeli 1991 wels,

evropis CempionTa Tasis mflobeli 1991 wels.

iugoslaviaSi Seqmnili es SesaniSnavi sportuli koleqtivi

erTaderTi safexburTo klubia, romlis saxelwodebac sxva-

dasxva enebze sxvadasxvanairad JRers. magaliTad, serbul en-

aze “crvena zvezda” wiTel droSas niSnavs da mTeli msoflio

mas am saxeliT moixseniebs. “wiTeli droSa” ki germanulad

aris “roter Stern”, frangulad _ “etual ruJi”, espanur en-

aze _ “estrelia roxa”, italiurad “stella rosa”, inglisur

enaze ki “red star”.

ZoiriTadad etNikuri ser-

bebiT dakompleqtebulma

gundma msoflio fexburTis

elitaSi Rirseuli adgili

daimkvidra 1991 wels, roca

jer evropis CempionTa Tasis

mflobeli gaxda, xolo Semdeg

ki sakoninentTaSorisi Tasic

moipova. amave wels iugosla-

vias politikuri qartexilebis

grigalma gadauara, romelic

xangrZlivi sisxlimRvreli

omebis Sedegad dasrulda imiT,

rom iugoslavia ramdenime da-

moukidebel saxelmwifod dai-

Sala. gamZafrebulma politi-

kurma wiaRsvlebma da usa-

marTlod daRvilma uamravi

udanaSaulo xalxis sisxlma

gamoiwvia is ambavi, rom iugo-

slaviis safexburTo nakrebi

da am qveynis sportuli klu-

bebi masobrivad gairicxnen

saerTaSoriso Sejibrebebidan.

“crvena zvedasaTvis” es la-

mis katastrifiT dasrulda,

radgan is sabanko angariSebi,

romelzec ucxoelebTan sa-

fexburTo kontraqtebis wya-

lobiT iugoslaviaSi milio-

nobiT Tanxebi iricxeboda,

mTel msoflioSi moulodne-

lad uceb gaiyina. politi-

kuri maxvili sabediswerod

Seexo iugoslaviis fexburTsac. oficialurad isini aravis

gausamarTlebia, magram fexburTelebi da sportis sxva

saxeobaTa warmomadgenlebi usamarTlod daisajnen qveyanaSi

gamefebuli saxelisuflebo teroris gamo. marTalia iugo-

slaveli fexburTelebi manamde msoflio an evropis Cempio-

nebi arasodes gamxdaran (1960 wlis evropis Cemnpionatis fi-

nalSi isini sabWoTa kavSiris nakrebTan damarcxdnen anga-

riSiT 2:1), magram isini uamravi maRali titulebis mflobe-

lebi iyvnen da iugoslavTa Tundac droebiTi aryofna Tavi-

sebur auryofiT daRs asvamda msoflio fexburTis samyaros.

“crvena zvezda” iyo ukanaskneli safexburTo klubi, rom-

lebic eTamaSnen cnobil “basbis biWebs” _ “manCester iunai-

teds”. swored iugoslaviidan gamgzavrebuli manCesterele-

bis TviTmfrinavi daimsxvra miunhenis aeroportSi, rasac ram-

denime msoflioSi saxelganTqmuli fexburTeli sicocxle

Seewira. rom ara es ubedureba, aravin icis rogori SedegiT

daamTavrebda inglisis nakrebi 1958 wlis msoflio Cempionats

fexburTSi, romelic 1958 wels gaimarTa SveciaSi. manCeste-

relebTan matCSi iugoslaveli fexburTelebi angariSiT 3:0

marcxdeboda, magram serbebma frTa gamoibes da TamaSi fred

daamTavres. magram, sabolood, ori matCis jamSi maT mainc da-

marcxdnen manCesterelebTan. “crvena zvezda” imanac ver ixsna,

rom maT rigebSi TamaSobda legendaruli mekare beara, naxe-

varmcveli Sekulareci da Tavdamsxmeli-bombardiri bora kos-

tiCi, romelmac 256 matCSi 157 golis gataniT Tavisebuli mso-

flio rekordi daamyara.

mogvianebiT, am samma fexburTelma iugoslavia dastova da

msoflios sxvadasxva gundebs miaSures. iugoslaviaSi Seqm-

nili mZime politikuri situaciis gamo maSin es qyeyana or-

mocamde Zlierma fexburTelma dastova, ramac Taviseburi daRi

daasva am qveynis sports. qveynidan wavidnen iseTi Zlieri fex-

burTelebi, rogorebic iyvnen kaSkaSa varkskvlavi dragan jaiCi

(igi “bestiaSi” gadabargda), dragan stoikoviCi (gadavida “mar-

selSi”), robert prosineCki (gadavida “realSi”) da darko pan-

Cevi, romelmac milanis “inters” miaSura. swored qveynis dex-

burTelebisagan daclis Sedegi gaxldaT is, rom SesaniSnav

sportul formaSi myofma belgradis “crvena zvezdam” mxo-

lod erTxel _ 1991 wels moipova (maT “marseli” daamarcxes

matCisSemdgomi penaltebis seriaSi) jer evropis CempionTa

Tasi, Semdeg ki sakoninentTaSorisi Tasic.

manamde iugoslavelma fexburTelebma did warmatebas miaR-

wies 1979 wels, roca uefas Tasis gaTamaSebaSi meore adgili

daikaves. maTi mrisxane metoqe mionhengladbaxis “borusia” mxo-

lod metoqis karSi mis moedanze gatanili golis wyalobiT

gaxda gamarjvebuli.

“crvena zvezda” safexburTo klubad meore msoflio omis

damTavrebisTanave Camoyalibda da misi damfuZneblebi bel-

gradis saxelmwifo universitetis iugoslavi studentebi iyv-

nen. saSinao matCebs es gundi egreTwodebul “marakanaze” ata-

rebs _ pirvel stadionze aRmosavleT evropaSi, sadac 1979

wels Catarda evropis CempionTa Tasis finali. im wels ams-

terdamis “aiaqsma” daamarcxa italiuri “iuventusi” da daeu-

fla evropis sapatio jildos.

giorgi jalaRania

msoflios saukeTeso safexburTo klubebi

“crvena zvezda”, belgradi, iugoslavia

jalaTma najaxi aswia, sikv-

dilmisjilma SeSinebuli Tva-

lebiT Sexeda.

_ Sen ra genaRvleba... me ki

samsaxuris Semdeg SeSa maqvs

dasaCexi... _ Cailaparaka ja-

laTma.

* * *

turistuli jgufi abori-

gen velurebs Cauvarda xelSi.

yvelani jgufis xelmZRvanels

daesivnen.

_ nu geSiniaT, eseni kaciWa-

miebi ar arian, mxolod gag-

vaupatiureben, fuls wag-

varTmeven da gagviSveben, _

daamSvida isini xelmZRva-

nelma.

_ fuls ratom wagvarTme-

ven? _ gaaprotesta erTma

qalma.

_ yovelTvis asea, jer ara-

vis ukiTxavs, ratom gagvaupa-

tiurebeno!

* * *

qeraTmiani qali gamyidvels

ekiTxeba:

_ Tagvis wamali gaqvT?

_ diax.

_ ugemuri xom ar aris?..

12

977198796009

Roris filtvi

SeiZleba adamians

gadaunergonavstralielma mecnierebma

SeimuSaves meTodika, romlis

saSualebiTac daamtkices, rom

SesaZlebelia Roris filtvis

gadanergva daavadebuli ada-

mianisaTvis. cdebis Sedegad

damtkicda, rom gadanergvis

Semdeg Roris filtvi adamia-

nis organizms kargad SeeT-

visa da Cveulebriv ganagrZo

muSaoba.

filtvis kibos

diagnozs sunis

mixedviT daadgenenamerikelma mecnierebma Sei-

muSaves meTodika, romlis

mixedviTac maT SeuZliaT das-

van filtvis kibos diagnozi

_ suniT! maTi kvlevebiT dad-

ginda, rom janmrTeli da

filtvis kiboTi daavadebuli

adamianis Sardis suni mkve-

Trad gansxvavdeba erTmane-

Tisagan, amitom garkveuli

reaqtivebis saSualebiT, wu-

TebSi SeiZleba am diagnozis

dasma da 50 SemTxvevidan 47-is

SemTxvevaSi ase dasmuli dia-

gnozi utyuaria.

zimbabveSi

mosaxleobis

naxevarze meti

mozards Sidsi aqvsingliselma mkvlevarebma

daadgines, rom zimbabves res-

publikis mosaxleobaSi mo-

zardTa 50 procentze mets

Sidsi aqvT. maT Seiswavles 3

aTasze meti mozardis janmr-

Teloba romelTa umetesobas

es mZime diagnozi aRmoaCnda.

mecnierebi imasac aRniSnaven,

rom es Sedegebi bolo 10-15 we-

lia rac ase damZimda, rac

adre ar aRiniSneboda am qveya-

naSi. maT mier Seswavlil

iqna 10-dan 18 wlamde asakis

mozardebi.

I N F O

G C.˚&dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/113581/1/Ilori_2010_N58.pdf · istoria ambobs _ rogorc...

Documents

Transcript of G C.˚&dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/113581/1/Ilori_2010_N58.pdf · istoria ambobs _ rogorc...