Cnc2 Conghe Cnc

5/21/2018 Cnc2 Conghe Cnc

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C S CNG NGHGIA CNG CT GT

TRN MY CNC


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Ni dung

C bn v ct kim loi

Tin

Phay

Khoan, khot, doa, taro


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1. Cn bn v ct kim loi

Ct kim loi l g?

Thng s hnh hc ca li ct

Vt liu ch to dng c ct

Cc nhn t nh hng n lc ct

Cc nhn t nh hng n nhm b mt gia

cng


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Ct kim loi l g?

L qu trnh bc ra khi mt gia cng mt lp kimloi bi mt dng c ct c cng cao hn vtliu gia cng.

Vt liu ct thng lm t thp gi, hp kimcng, vt liu gm, Nitride bor lp phng, Kimcng

Vt liu gia cng thng l: Thp, thp khng g,gang, ng, nhm,


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VT LIU KIM LOI

Chia ra lm bn nhm:

Thp carbon

Thp inoxGang

Cc kim loi khc


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Nhm vt liu l thp


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Nhm vt liu l thp inox

Nhm vt liu l gang


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Nhm vt liu khc kim

loi en


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K hiu thp theo tiu chun cc nccng nghip pht trin


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K hiu thp inox theo tiu chun

cc nc cng nghip pht trin


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K hiu thp inox theo tiu chun



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K hiu gang theo tiu chun



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Tin

Phay

Khoan

Cc phngphp ct in

hnh


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Thng s hnh hc ca li ctGc trc

Gc sau


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Cac thong so hnh hoc cua li cat


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Goc sau :Goc sau lam giam ma sat va s nong len gia chi tiet

va dung cu cat. Goc sac :Kich thc cua goc sac phu thuoc vao o cng va o

deo cua chi tiet gia cong. Goc sac nho khi lc cat nho va goc cat

ln khi lc cat ln, tuy nhien goc sac ln lam tang s mai mon

li cat va tuoi tho cua li cat thap.

Goc trc :Goc trc co anh hng en qua trnh tao phoi va

lc cat. Goc trc cang ln th lc cat cang nho, tuy nhien li cat

de b v va b mai mon nhanh. Nhng vat lieu ran, tng oi cngthng s dung goc trc khoang 10o. Nhng vat lieu cng va gion

oi hoi goc trc nho tham ch la goc am.


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Goc lech chnh : Goc lech chnh co anh hng en lc cat va lc

kep chi tiet cung nh chieu sau va be rong cat. Thng chon goc

lech chnh t 30oen 60och khi tien vai hay cat t chon goc lech

chnh = 90o.

Goc nghieng : Thng chon goc nghieng am khi tien tho va goc

nghieng dng khi tien tinh. Goc nghieng am c s dung e giam

ng suat cua li cat va goc nghieng dng c s dung e be

phoi trc tiep t chi tiet gia cong.

Goc mui dao : Goc mui dao cang ln cang lam tang o cng

vng cua li cat va tan nhiet tot hn.


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Vat lieu li cat

- Li cat thep gio

- Li cat hp kim cng

- Li cat vat lieu gom

- Nitrid Bore lap phng

- Li cat kim cng


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Thep gio(HSS)

Thep gio la mot loai thep hp kim dung cu. cng 65HRC.No co o ben nhiet cao (605oC), v the no co the chu tac ong

cua tai trong ln. Toc o cat nho hn so vi hp kim cng va vat

lieu gom.

Thep gio thng dung e che tao dung cu cat nh hnh v du nhli khoan va dao doa, khong cho phep dung lam cac manh li cat

hay gia cong chat deo va hp kim nhe. Cac dung cu cat thep gio

thng c ma mot lp titan-nitrc (TiN). Lp phu co mau vang

nay lam tang o cng toi a, chong lai s mai mon va cho phep

toc o cat cao hn.


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Hp kim cng.

Hp kim cng la nhng vat lieu c che tao bang phng phapluyen kim bot nh la nhng manh li cat s dung vat lieu toi va

mot tac nhan lien ket. Trong hau het cac trng hp vat lieu toi

la cacbit vonfam, titan hay tantal. Coban c s dung nh la tac nhan

lien ket.

Hp kim cng co o cng ln hn nhieu so vi thep gio 70HRC)

. Hp kim cng co kha nang chong lai s mai mon toi a va chu

ng c nhiet o gia cong cao. Tuy nhien o chu dao ong nhiet

va o ben th kem hn so vi thep gio.


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Qu trnh sn xut hp kim cng

To btW v C

Trn btW v C

Nung bt W v C trong

l cao tn to WC

p nh hnhWC tm thi vi

50% l hng

Trn WCvi Co

Thiu kt WC vi

Co 1600oC

Mi ng

kch thcPh lp Ti(CN)hay Al2O3


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Hp kim cng

Hp kim cng c phn theonhm vt liu gia cng

Nhm P: gia cng ch yu lthp

Nhm M: gia cng ch yu lthp khng r

Nhm K: gia cng ch yu lgang


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Cp cng ca mnh hp kim


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Gia cng th

Gia cng bn tinh

Gia cng tinh


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Hp kim cng.

Nhom cat

chnh

Nhom ng dung

Kyhieu Vat lieu ng dung

P01Tien sieu tinh, chatlng bemat cao.

Chong lai s maimon cao.Toc ocat cao

P10

Gia cong tinh, toc

ocat cao.P P20 Thep

Xanh P30 Toc o cat trungbnh.

P40 Gang deo ocng cao.

P50 Gia cong tho. Lng tien dao

nhanh

M10Gia cong tinh, tococat cao.

Chong lai s maimon cao.Toc ocat cao


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Hp kim cng.

M10Gia cong tinh, tococat cao.

Chong lai s maimon cao.

Toc ocat caoM M20 Thep khong r Toc o cat trung

bnh.

Vang M30

M40 Kim loai mau Gia cong tho. ocng cao.

Lng tien daonhanh

K01 Gang cng Gia cong tinh.Chong lai s maimon cao.Toc ocat cao

K K10 Gang

o K20 Gang deo

K30 Nha

K40 Go Gia cong tho. ocng cao.Lng tien daonhanh


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Vat lieu gom (s)

Vat lieu gom cng hn hp kim cng (o cng 92-93HRC)va cho phep nhiet o lam viec len en 1200 oC.

Chung rat gion, de v va nhay cam vi s dao ong cua

lc cat.

Vat lieu gom c che tao di dang manh hp kim vac kep tren can dao giong nh manh hp kim cng.

Tuoi ben dao s gap hai lan hp kim cng

Toc o cat gap hai lan so vi hp kim cng


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Vat lieu gom.

Vat lieu gom c s dung trong cac qua trnh cat got

on nh, khong can ti nguoi. Vat lieu gom ly tng

e cat cac vat lieu sat v chung khong tao ra hien tng

phoi bam. Vat lieu gom co the c phan loai theo 3

nhom sau:

- Vat lieu gom oxit

- Vat lieu gom hon hp

- Vat lieu gom nitrid


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Vat lieu gom oxit

Vat lieu gom cha oxit nhom (Al2O3 ) nguyen chat c goi

la vat lieu gom oxit,

Chung khong dung kim loai lam tac nhan lien ket. Vat

lieu gom oxit at biet ly tng e cat cac hp kim sat vco kha nang chong lai mai mon cao.


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Vat lieu gom

Hp kim cng c cho them vao oxit nhom (Al2O3 ) v du nh cacbit

titan, goi la vat lieu gom hon hp. Vat lieu gom hon hp cdung e gia cong tinh gang xam hoac thep cung nh dung e cat

cac vat lieu sat a toi.

Vat lieugom nitridco thanh phan chnh la silic nitrid (Si3N4 ). Vat lieu

cat khong co oxit nay rat gion va nhay cam vi s thay oi nhieto cat. Nhc iem la khong co kha nang chu mai mon cao khi

cat thep. Vat lieu gom nitrid c ng dung e gia cong gang xam.


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Kim cng

Kim cng cng hn tat ca cac vat lieu cat khac. (7000-8000 HK =

70000-80000 HB). Chung rat nhay cam vi va cham, tuy nhien khong

tao ra hien tng phoi bam trong qua trnh gia cong.

Kim cng c s dung e cat kim loai mau va hp kim cua kim loai

mau cung nh dung e cat vat lieu composit, hp kim cng va vat

lieu gom.

Kim cng khong c dung e gia cong thep. Bi v kim cng se b

mon rat nhanh do nguyen t cacbon cua kim cng phat ra va nhap

vao nguyen t sat (s mai mon ngc).


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Khi nhiet o tang th o cng cua vat lieu cat giam


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o dai va o cng

cua cac loai vat lieu cat

o

cng

o dai


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Manh li cat bang

hp kim cng, gom va kim cng

Manh li cat c phan loai theo cac ac iem cban cua chung nh hnh dang, goc, li cat, mc ochung cung nh thiet b dung ekep vacac kch thcchnh. Da tren tieu chuan ISO 1832 / DIN- 4987 v dusau minh hoa ten tieu chuan cua mot manh li cat.


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Manh li cat ISO 1832 - ECMT 09 T3 08 FR - P10

Kyhieu V du

Sotieu chuan DIN 4987

1) Hnh dang c ban E = hnh thoi 75o

2) Goc sau C = 7o

3) Cap chnh xac M4) Bemat vaac iem kep T goc vat cua bemat lo

kep = 60o

5) Kch thc manh li cat Chieu dai canh = 9,52 mm

6) Chieu day manh li cat s = 3,97mm

7) Ban knh li cat r = 0,8mm8) ac iem li cat F = li cat sac

9) Hng cat R = ben phai

10) Vat lieu li cat Hp kim cng P10


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nh hng n lc ct

Lc ct chu nh hng ca:

1. Phng php ct

2. Vt liu li ct

3. Hnh hc li ct

4. Dung dch trn ngui


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nh hng ca vt liu ti lc ct


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Mnh hp kim m v dng


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Positive StyleNegative Style Single sided Low cutting forces Side clearance

Internal machining Slender shafts

Double sided Edge strength External machining

Heavy cutting conditions

Negative vs. Positive Inserts


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Gc trc m v dng


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nh hngca gc trc

ti lc ct


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Phn b nhit ct


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Cc dng phoi


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Nhn bit gcnghing chnh

Krtheo hngchy dao (fn)


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Workpiece

Toolholder

ISO Standard

Entering angle95 degrees

Gc nghing ca lict chnh

C d fil l i t


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Cc dng profil ca li ct


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Bn knh u dao v s hnh thnh nhm b mt gia cng

B k h d h


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Bn knh u dao v sc chu ng

h b t i h th b


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nhm b mt gia cng ph thuc vo bnknh u dao v lng chy dao


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Turning

Wipers

Wiper insert

Twice the feed, same Ra

apRa

Ra

fn

fn

2 x fn

r

(w)Ra2

r

(w)

r

Traditional insert

Wiper insert

Half Ra, same feed

Ci thin nhm bng cch tng rng mi dao


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2. TIN

Cac dang chi tiet co the gia cong tren may tien


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Cac dang chi tiet co the gia cong tren may tien


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May tien ngang


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May tien ng va tien cut

C h h h


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Cac thanh phan cua may tien


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May tien van nang va may tien CNC

May tien CNC


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y

May tien: Mo phong qua trnh gia cong tren may tnh


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y p g q g g y

May tien: Mo phong qua trnh gia cong tren may tnh


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y p g q g g y


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Cac loai dao tien

V d k h d


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V du ky hieu mot can dao tien

V d k hi d i


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Vdu ky hieu mot can dao tien

V d k hi d i


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V d k hi t d ti


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V d k hi t d ti


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Cap toc truyen momen xoan cho truc gia cong

Dung luynet khi l/d > 5


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Mi chng tm xoay


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Dung mui tam khuyet


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Dung Luynet ong va tnh (khi l/d >12)

C i ti i


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Cc s gia cng: tin ngoi

C i ti t


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Cc s gia cng: tin trong

C i ti h


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Cc s gia cng: tin rnh

C i ti h


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Cc s gia cng: tin rnh


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Cc s gia cng: tin ren

Ch h h


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Chn ch cng ngh

Ch cng ngh Gm cc yu tChiu su ct

Lng n dao

Vn tc ct


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Chiu su ct

Chn tu thuc vo nhiuyu t cng ngh: Cngsut my, cng vng

ca h thng My- g-dao-chi tit gia cng.

Chiu su ct nh nht

khng c nh hn bnknh mi dao.

Lng n dao


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Lng n dao

Rz Rz

V t t


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Vn tc ct


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Vn tc ct v s vng quay


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Cng sut ct

Cap chnh xac kch thc, o nham


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Cap chnh xac onham bemat, (m)Chieu sau lp

bien cng, mGhi chu

Phng phap gia cong

Kinh te at c Ra Rz T

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Pha 15 - 17 - 25 - 100 100 - 400 350

Na tinh 12 - 14 - 6,3 - 12,5 25 - 50 50

Tinh 7 - 9 6 1,6 - 3,2 6,3 - 12,5 10Tien doc

Mong 6 5 0,4 - 0,8 1,25 - 3,2 5

Pha 16 - 17 25 - 100 100 - 400 350Na tinh 14 - 15 6,3 - 12,5 25 - 50 50

Tinh 11 - 13 8 - 9 3,2 - 6,3 12,5 - 25 25Tien ngang

Mong 8 - 11 7 0,8 - 1,6 3,2 - 6,3 10

d 15mm 12 - 14 10 - 11 6,3 - 12,5 25 - 50 25 - 50Khoan

d > 15mm 12 - 14 10 - 11 12,5 - 25 50 - 100 50 - 100

Tho 12 - 15 - 12,5 - 25 50 - 100 50 - 100Xoay

Tinh 10 - 11 8 - 9 3,2 - 6,3 12,5 - 25 20

Na tinh 9 - 10 8 6,3 - 12,5 25 - 50 50

Tinh 7 - 8 - 1,6 - 3,2 6,3 - 12,5 10Doa

Mong 7 6 0,4 - 0,8 1,25 - 3,2 5

Cong thc tnh chnh xac, che o gia cong trung bnh

va cong thc tnh gan ung thi gian may


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Phng phap gia congCong thc lythuyet

tnh TM, (phut)

Cheogia cong trung

bnh thng gap

Cong thc ganung tnh TM,

(phut)

Tho V = 105 m/ph; S = 0,4 mm/vg 0,000075DlTien an

dao doc Tinh VS1000

Dl

V = 120 m/ph; S = 0,15 mm/vg 0,0000175Dl

Tho V = 70 m/ph; S = 0,5 mm/vg 0,0000224(D

2d

2

)Tien andao

ngangTinh VS4000

)dD( 22

V = 174,6 m/ph; S = 0,41 mm/vg 0,000011(D2d2)

Tho V = 63,4 m/ph; S = 0,36 mm/vg 0,000134 DlTien lo

Tinh V = 50 m/ph; S = 0,15 mm/vg 0,00042 Dl

3. PHNG PHAP PHAY


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Kha nang cong nghe Cac dang mat co the gia cong bang phng phap

phay

Mat phang

Mat ranh

Mat cong

Mat lo tru

Mat ren


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My phay


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My phay

My phay ging


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My phay ging

G DNG TRN MY PHAY


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94

G DNG TRN MY PHAY

G DNG TRN MY PHAY


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95

G DNG TRN MY PHAY

G DNG TRN MY PHAY


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96

G DNG TRN MY PHAY

to kp bng kh nn


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97

to kp bng kh nn

Bn g nghing


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98

Bn g nghing

Bn g dch chuyn theo hai phng


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99

Bn g dch chuyn theo hai phng

G DNG TRN MY PHAY


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100

G G

G DNG TRN MY PHAY


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101

CC LAI DAO PHAY


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Dao phay mt u

Dao phay a Dao phay mt bc

Dao phay ngn

Cc dng chuyn ng ct khi phay


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Chiu dy ct dc apv ngang ae


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p

Lng n dao rng fz


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Chn dao, mnh hp


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kim v ch ct

1. Chn kiu dao2. Chn ng knh daotheo k hiu 2a trong bng trang sau

3. Chn mnh hp kim theok hiu 3a, 3b trong bng trang sau)

4. Chn ch ct theo cck hiu 4a, 4b, 4c. 4d trongcc bng cc trang sau


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Xc nh cng sutkhi phay mt u


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khi phay mt u

Vf = fz x n x zn


C h h h b t ( )Chieu sau lp

Ghi h


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Cap chnh xac onham bemat, (m)p

bien cng, mGhi chu

Phng phap gia cong


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Tho 12 - 14 - 25 - 50 100 - 200 100 - 200

Tinh 11 - 3,2 - 6,3 12,5 - 25 12,5 - 25Phay tru

Mong 8 - 9 6 - 7 1,6 6,3 10

Tho 12 - 14 6,3 - 12,5 25 - 50 25 - 50

Tinh 11 10 3,2 - 6,3 12,5 - 25 15 - 30Phay mat

au

Mong 8 - 9 6 - 7 0,8 - 1,6 3,2 - 6,3 5 - 10




tnh TM, (phut)

Cheogia cong trung

bnh thng gap

Cong thc gan

ung tnh TM,

(phut)

Tho SM= 150 mm/ph 0,00666 l

Tinh SM= 285 mm/ph 0,00352 lPhaybang dao

phay tru Mong SM= 600 mm/ph 0,00166 l

Tho SM= 170 mm/ph

Tinh SM= 208 mm/ph

Phay

bang dao

phay mat

au Mong

l/SM

SM= 351 mm/ph 0,00285 l

4 PHNG PHAP


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4. PHNG PHAP

KHOAN, KHOET, DOA VA TA RO

PHNG PHAP KHOAN KHOET


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PHNG PHAP KHOAN, KHOET

Kha nang cong nghe

Cac dang mat co the gia cong bang phng phap

KHOAN, KHOET Mat tru trong

Mat lo trc khi lam ren


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Solid

Crowloc

Mi khot

Chn li khoan


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Lc v cng sut ct khi khoan bng


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g gmi khoan lin khi (solid drill)


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Lc khoan, mmen xon, cng sut v lulng dung dch trn ngui khi khoan


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D


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Doa


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Taro hay phay ren


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y p y


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Tnh lc khoan


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hay phay m

dao thng ng



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Cap chnh xac onham bemat, (m)

Chieu sau lp

bien cng, m Ghi chuPhng phap gia cong


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

d 15mm 12 - 14 10 - 11 6,3 - 12,5 25 - 50 25 - 50Khoan

d > 15mm 12 - 14 10 - 11 12,5 - 25 50 - 100 50 - 100

Tho 12 - 15 - 12,5 - 25 50 - 100 50 - 100Xoay

Tinh 10 - 11 8 - 9 3,2 - 6,3 12,5 - 25 20

Na tinh 9 - 10 8 6,3 - 12,5 25 - 50 50

Tinh 7 - 8 - 1,6 - 3,2 6,3 - 12,5 10Doa

Mong 7 6 0,4 - 0,8 1,25 - 3,2 5


th t h th i i


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tnh TM, (phut)

Cheogia cong trung

bnh thng gap

Cong thc gan

ung tnh TM,

(phut)

D 20 V = 22,4 m/ph; S = 0,25 mm/vg 0,00056 DlKhoan lo

D = 20...70V = 29,7 m/ph

S = 0,25 mm/vg0,000423 Dl

Khoet (xoay) lo V = 15m/ph; S = 1 mm/vg 0,00021 Dl

Tho V = 12 m/ph; S = 0,6 mm/vg 0,000436 DlDoa lo

tinh V = 6 m/ph; S = 0,6 mm/vg 0,000376 Dl

Tho V = 63,4 m/ph; S = 0,36 mm/vg 0,000134 DlTien lo

Tinh

VS1000

Dl

V = 50 m/ph; S = 0,15 mm/vg 0,00042 Dl

TM LC


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Ct kim loi l g? C nhng vt liu gia cng no?vt liu ct g?

Cc yu t nh hng ti lc ct v nhm?

Tin l g? Tin c kh nng g? C nhng loi my tin g?

g trn my tin ?

Dng d ct trn my tin?

Ch ct trn my tin?

TM LC


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Phay l g? Phay c kh nng g? C nhng loi my phay no?

g trn my phay ?

Dng d ct trn my phay?

Ch ct trn my phay?

Khoan, khot, doa, ta ro l g?

Dng c ct cho khoan, khot, doa, ta ro

Ch ct khi khoan, khot, doa, ta ro

Cnc2 Conghe Cnc

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