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pal. >

L J

Locnao ]`kvmrskty @mtwcrimbktcrHlocnaou`kvmrskty`mtwcri.mu

www.locnaou`kvmrskty`mtwcri.muAoo rkldts rmsmrvmb

Bkstrkjutmb u`bmr oknm`sm Nrmatkvm Nceec`sXrkea Mbkzkc`m, @cvmejrm :811

Ncpmrtk`a6Xcpuokst, :81:

ekxmb embka c` na`vas:2 x :2 k`ndmsBavm Ik`smy

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pal. 2

Mbktcrkaom

Ba a``k parokaec bmooa nceu`knazkc`m m bk u`a scnkmt ncstrukta attcr`c aooa nceu`knazkc`m.

K` pcndk vkvc`c bm`trc oa nceu`knazkc`m.

Wkvmrm bm`trc oa nceu`knazkc`m skl`kfina pm`sarm pmr nc``msskc`k, kepararm bak prcjomek,svkoupparm m gcreaokzzarm ko pm`skmrc. Wkvmrm `mooa nceu`knazkc`m skl`kfina avmrm u`prclmttc bkbasnaoknc.

@mo ncrsc bmlok uotkek a``k oc svkouppc bmook`gcreatkna m bmooa tmomeatkna da apmrtc u`a`ucva bkem`skc`m aooa nceu`knazkc`m vkskva m aooa grukzkc`m bmk tmstk6 qumooa bmook`tmrazkc`mnkjmr`mtkna embkata ba cllmttk lrafink.

Ruttc naejka6 naejka`c lok artkfink vkskvk, oa k`tmrazkc`m rmoazkc`aom9 naejka`c k tmepk, lokspazk, k prcnmssk bk skl`kfinazkc m, oa partmnkpazkc`m, om sm`sazkc`k, om rkmsskc`k9 naejka oapcoktkna, omnc`ceka, oa prclmttazkc`m, oa prclraeeazkc`m, k ok`luallk9 naejka`c lok stkecok

pmrnmttkvk, k` bkspcsktkvk smekctknk, lok cllmttk busc9 naejka k`fi`m oa snrkttura k` u` omsskncgattc prmvaom tmem tm bk k`tmrgannm lrafindm, knc`kndm, ba qua`bc nurscrk m puosa`tk da``cscstktuktc pm``m m naoaeak pcpcoa`bc creak ko `cstrc spazkc cpmratkvc bk `ucvm gu`zkc`kRcund ^nrmm`. Creak skaec bmfi`ktkvaem`tm `mooa nceu`knazkc`m, bm`trc oa crkba mk`nmssa`tm bk`aekna bmooa kpmrembkaokt.

Ea `c` naejkaec `ck. Naejka`c ecotc pk om`taem`tm om `cstrm napankt ncl`ktkvm mnuoturaok. Apprm`bkaec nc` om vmnndkm emtcbcoclkm, om snucom m om u`kvmrskt nc`tk`ua`c ab

kl`crarm k prcnmssk bk apprm`bkem`tc `ucvk bmooa scnkmt bmooa nceu`knazkc`m. Rra oa vktasncoastkna kstktuzkc`aom, pujjokna m prkvata, m k prcnmssk bk apprm`bkem`tc bmooa scnkmt bmooanceu`knazkc`m n u` vuctc k` nuk nrcooa`c quask tuttm om prcgmsskc`k.

Ko Locnao ]`kvmrskty @mtwcri da oa lra`bm aejkzkc`m bk ncprkrm qumo vuctc, bk m`trarm`mooa nceu`knazkc`m locjaom nc` u`a smrkm bk strutturm u`kvmrsktarkm ocnaok, crla`kzzatm k`sk`tc`ka nc` oa euotkembkaokt bmooa `ucva bkbattkna

Okoka`a Ec tmrmaom

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XZCGKOCJKCLZAGKNCOaurmata a pkm`k vctk `mo :887 aoo]`kvmrskt bmlok ^tubk bkXavka nc` u`a tmsk k` Nrkek`coclka bao tktcoc Oa vkttkea bmo

rmatc `moocrbk`aem`tc lkurkbknc ktaoka`c, pck pujjoknatanc` ko tktcoc Bao vkttkeksec ao prctalc`ksec. A`aoksk bkpcoktkna nrkek`aom.

M bcttcrmssa ajkoktata ao patrcnk`kc a `crea bmooart. 1bmooa omllm :2.878 m nc`taek`azkc`k tra struem`tk mrkembk bk tkpc nkvkokstknc m pm`aokstknc.

^k appasskc`ata aoom qumstkc`k k`mrm`tk oa rmspc`sajkokt embkna, ska nkvkom ndm pm`aom.

Attkvkt bk rknmrna m rmbazkc`aomEc`clrafia6 Bao vkttkeksec ao prctalc`ksec6 a`aoksk bk pcoktkna nrkek`aom, :811(ncbknm K^J@6 ;41-12

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pal. 7

Ajstrant6

Oa vkttkea bmo rmatc scllmttc cb cllmttc pcoktknc3 scllmttc k` lrabc

bk rmnoaearm bkrkttk cppurm struem`tc bk pcoktkndm sknurktarkm m rmprmsskvm3

Ocpmra k`tm`bm sndkarkrm lok snm`ark k` nuk om vkttkem bk rmatc rkncprc`c

pcskzkc k bkmrm`tk, k` u a nc`guskc m bk rucok, spmssc rmsa pk csnura balok spazk

cmrtk bak paoncsnm`knk eass-embkatknk, ba u` sm`sc bk k`sknurmzza locjaom suo

pka`c scnkaom, mnc`ceknc, bk pcoktkna nrkek aom ndm bkscrkm`ta c` scoc lok utm`tk

bmooa lkustkzka, ea lok stmssk cpmratcrk bmo bkrkttc.Xmrnd sm vmrc ndm oa ncopmvcomzza bmo rmc bmvm mssmrm prcvata, ko prcnmssc

bmvm mssmrm lkustc m aepkm om lara`zkm, aotrmtta`tc vmrc ndm oa vkttkea bmvm

mssmrm bkgmsa a`ndm prkea bmoomvm`tuaom nc`ba``a, a`zk a`ndm prkea bk bkvm`krm

vkttkea9 oc ^tatc da assu`tc ko ec`cpcokc bk qumsta bkgmsa, aoem`c k` rkgmrkem`tc

aooa rmprmsskc`m bmo nrkek`m. Ea sk tratta bk u`a rkspcsta sunkm`tm3 Mb ko bkrkttc

pm`aom a bcvmrsk cnnuparm bmoom vkttkem bk rmatc3

M ncem rmalksnm ko skstmea pcoktknc aoom ksta`zm prcvm`km`tk baoom vkttkem3

K`kzkaoem`tm nc`skbmratc emrc cllmttc su nuk rknabmva oazkc`m bmokttucsa, ocmsc

sk vkstc rknc`csnmrm u` rucoc smeprm pk kepcrta`tm `mo skstmea bmk bmokttk m bmoom pm`m.

Oanqukskzkc`m bmooa nc`sapmvcomzza bmo rucoc bmooa vkttkea stata lrabuaom m da gattc

memrlmrm oa `mnmsskt bk luarbarm aooa vkttkea ak fi`k bmooa nceprm`skc`m bmo prcnmssc ndm

k`bunm aooantk`l-cut9 c`nd oa mnmsskt bk emttmrm k` rkokmvc oa vkttkekzzazkc`m sussmlum tm

ao nrkek`m, aooc sncpc bk k`bkvkbuarm lok momem`tk k`bkspm`sajkok ba tm`mrm k` nc`skbmrazkc`m

`moom snmotm pcoktknc-nrkek`aok ndm sk kspkra`c ao nrktmrkc bk saovaluarbka bmoom vkttkem.

Ok`tmrmssm snkm`tkfinc pmr oa vkttkea mspocsm aooa fi`m bmooa smnc`ba lumrra

ec`bkaom sm`za, pmraotrc, prcburrm aonu` rksuotatc bk rkokmvc k` tmrek`k `creatkvk. K prkek

apprcnnk, k` cssmqukc aookbmcoclka pcsktkvksta aoocra bcek`a`tm, gcnaokzzarc`c oa rknmrna

suookbm`tkfinazkc`m bmk gattcrk ndm pctmva`c nc`trkjukrm a bmok`marm ecbmook `c` nasuaok

bk vkttkekzzazkc`m m kbm`tkfinarm om tkpcoclkm bk vkttkem ndm pctmva`c avmr nc`trkjuktc

aooa prcprka vkttkekzzazkc`m. Baooa`aoksk bmlok attmllkaem`tk m bmoom quaokt bmooa vkttkea,sk nmrnava bk mstrapcoarm k narattmrk ndm nc`bunmva`c, bk rmlcoa, ab almvcoarm, avvkarm,

Bao Wkttkeksec ao Xrctalc`ksec

A`aoksk bk pcoktkna nrkek`aom

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okstktuzkc`m bmo Gc`bc bk ^cstml`c pmr om vkttkem bk rkndkmstm mstcrskvm (Omllm 1

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`c` statc cssmrvatc, ao pu`tc taom ndm autcrmvcom bcttrk`a da paroatc bk bcppka a`kea

bmooa Omllm mxNkrkmook. K`vmrc, pmr qua`tc nc`nmr`m oa rmnkbkva, nk sk trcva bava`tk snmotm

omlksoatkvm kspkratm a u` nrktmrkc bk rklcrm rmprmsskvc, em`trm om crem suooa prmsnrkzkc`m sc`c

k` quaondm eksura lara`tkstm `mk nc`grc`tk bk keputatk bk u`a smrkm bk rmatk smomzkc`atk

pk k` ecbc bksnrmzkc`aom ndm k` jasm aooa lravkt bk nuk sc`c msprmsskc`m.

Qua`tc aookstktutc bmooa rmnkbkva, lok momem`tk pk skl`kfinatkvk bmooa rkgcrea sc`c

rksnc`trajkok6 `mooa ecbkfina bmooaejktc bk rkomva`za bmooa rmnkbkva19 `mooa rmk`trcbuzkc`m bk

nask bk cjjoklatcrkmt bmooa nc`tmstazkc`m9 mook``aozaem tc m/c krrklkbkem`tc bmk rmquksktk

pmr grukrm bmk jm`mfink narnmrark9 `mo tm`bm`zkaom aoou`laem`tc bmk tmrek k bk prmsnrkzkc`m

bmk rmatk pmr k scok scllmttk rmnkbkvk:.

Rrattask bk ecbkfindm ndm k`nkbc`c pmsa`tmem`tm suooa bksnkpok`a bmo rmnkbkvc

pmrnd sc`c kspkratm a u` mspoknktc nrktmrkc bk rklcrm rmprmsskvc. statc anutaem`tm cssmrvatc

ndm oa Omllm mxNkrkmook da ncepcrtatc u` ajmrra`tm rktcr`c ao bkrkttc pm`aom bmooautcrm,

ncs spcsta`bc oattm`zkc`m bmooa omllm pm`aom baooa rmnkbkva ao rmnkbkvc, kbm`tkfinatc

ncem tkpc ndm, k` qua`tc taom, bmstk`atarkc bk u` trattaem`tc sa`zkc`atcrkc pk rklkbc,

a prmsnk`bmrm baooa lravkt bmo rmatc pmr nuk sk trcva ab mssmrm lkubknatc. Okepcstazkc`m

pcoktknc-nrkek`aom ndm sk anncota qumooa bmooa n.b. tcoomra`za zmrc, ndm, ab msmepkc

`mlok ]^A, prmvmbm u` `ctmvcom rklcrm `mk nc`grc`tk bk ndk rknc`csnkutc pmr trm vcotm

ncopmvcom, a prmsnk`bmrm bao tkpc m baooa lravkt bmk rmatk abbmjktatk6 nc` ko n.b. tdrmm strkims

a`b ycurm cut, ko nrkek`aom quaou`qum ska`c k trm rmatk bk nuk sk rmsc ncopmvcom (vaom a bkrm

k trm ncopk) , vkm`m asscllmttatc aooa pm`a bmoomrlastcoc9 pmrta`tc, vkm`m bmfi`ktkvaem`tm

mspuosc baooa scnkmt (ycurm cut), pmrnd rmnousc pmrea`m`tmem`tm bm`trc ko narnmrm. Raom

kepcstazkc`m sk jasa suo prmsuppcstc ndm okstktuzkc`m narnmrm gu`zkc`k, ncs attrkjum`bc

asscouta nm`traokt aooa pm`a bmtm`tkva ndm tmsa a nrmarm u` gaosc sm`sc bk sknurmzza.

Zmnoaekzzata ncem omllm a tutmoa bmoom vkttkem bmk rmatk, k` qua`tc kspkrata aooa

subbmtta oclkna bk tcoomra`za zmrc `mk nc`grc`tk bmk scllmttk narattmrkzzatk ba ajktuaokt,

prcgmsskc`aokt m rmnkbkva, k` rmaot, oa omllm `c` pcsta a saovaluarbka bmoom vkttkem pmrndoa ocrc tutmoa `uooa da k` nceu`m nc` oa snmota bk k`trcburrm u` `ucvc tkpc bautcrm.

@c` parm azzarbatc k` prcspmttkva vkttkecoclkna rktm`mrm ko rmnkbkvc ncem

vkttkea bmo skstmea pm`aom9 k`vmrc, oa fi`aokt rkmbunatkva bmooa pm`a, kepcsta baooa

Ncstktuzkc`m, sk trasgcrea k` fi`aokt vmssatcrka m ko rmc sk vmbm `mlarm u` bkrkttc

rknc`csnkutc baoocrbk`aem`tc ncstktuzkc`aom, cotrm ab asskstmrm aooc svkokem`tc bk cl`k

1 Oaejktc bk rkomva`za bmooa rmnkbkva cllk nkrncsnrkttc ak scok bmokttk `c` ncopcsk.

: k` rmoazkc`m a qumstuotkec mmttc ndm prmsnrkzkc`m m rmnkbkva k`tmralksnc`c. ^k `ncra u`aoou`laem`tc bmooa prmsnrkzkc`m aook`tmr`c bk u` kepka`tc lm`mraom tm`bm`tm a rkburrm k tmrek`k a momem`tkscllmttkvk quaok oa pmrsc`aokt bmo rmc bmsu`ta baooa rmnkbkva c bao suc statc bk ajktuaokt c prcgmsskc`aokt `mo rmatc,a`zknd aooa lravkt cllmttkva bmo rmatc nceemssc.

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kpctmsk trattaem`taom m aookepratknajkokt bmoousnkta bao narnmrm pmr grukrm bmoom eksurm

aotmr`atkvm, nc` uotmrkcrm annm`tuazkc`m bmooa smparazkc`m tra bm`trc m gucrk.

Oannm``c aoom ecbkfindm cpmratm aookstktutc bmooa prmsnrkzkc`m partm baooa pcsskjkokt bk

bkecstrarm ok`ncmrm`za m okrrazkc`aokt k`tmr`a bmooa omllm, gruttc bk u`a pcoktkna omlksoatkva

quask sndkzcgrm`kna, ndm nc`bunm a u` skstmea pm`aom bcek`atc baook`nmrtmzza bmstk`atc

a prcburrm u`uotmrkcrm pmrbkta bk nrmbkjkokt bmoom kstktuzkc`k, ea a`ndm vkokpm`bkc m

uotmrkcrm vkttkekzzazkc`m bmooa vkttkea.

@ata ncem jaouarbc bmooa nkvkot lkurkbkna m ncem k`nm`tkvc aooa prc`tmzza bmooa

pm`a, oa prmsnrkzkc`m `mo tmepc sk rkvmoata pmrkncocsc alm`tm patclm`c k`skbkatcsk

`mo ncrpc bmo skstmea pm`aom, ska pmrnd fi`ksnm pmr cpmrarm u`k`nc`trcooajkom smomzkc`m

prassmcoclkna `mk nc`grc`tk bk u` kpmrtrcfinc skstmea pm`aom, ska pmrnd sml`a ompkoclc bk

u` skl`kfinatkvc `uemrc bk prcnmbkem`tk, m, k` bmfi`ktkva, ko gaookem`tc bmooa lkustkzka.

Ea ko ecem`tc k` nuk pk `mgastk sc`c lok mmttk bmooa prmsnrkzkc`m qumooc k` nuk

ok`tmrmssm pu`ktkvc bmooc ^tatc sk lk ea`kgmstatc. K` ok`ma lm`mraom, sk rknc`csnm ndm ko

rmatc `c` pu nabmrm `moocjokc qua`bc lok crla`k lkubkzkark avvka`bc u` prcnmbkem`tc

msprkec`c k`tmrmssm a pmrsmlukrm ko rmatc m, k` qumsta bkrmzkc`m, ncepkc`c u`a smrkm bk attk

kbc`mk a bmtmrek`arm ok`tmrruzkc`m bmo ncrsc bmooa prmsnrkzkc`m. Ruttavka `c`csta`tm oc

^tatc bkecstrk nc` nc`nrmtk attk lkubkzkark oa vcoc`t bk pmrsmlukrm ko rmatc ok`tmrruzkc`m

cpmra `mo sm`sc ndm oattc ncepkutc bmtmrek`a s u` arrmstc bmo bmncrsc bmo tmepc utkom

a mstk`lumrm ko rmatc, ea a partkrm ba taom attc, ko ncrsc bmooa prmsnrkzkc`m rkncek`nka a

bmncrrmrm, smppur mx `cvc. ^u qumstc aspmttc, oa rkgcrea assml`a u` tmrek`m prmnksc ao

bmncrsc sunnmsskvc aook`tmrruzkc`m (ncem lk mooa creatkva prmvklm`tm), ea m a tknkpa k`

ecbc skl`kfinatkvc ok`tmrvm`tc6 `m bksnm`bm ndm a partkrm baooattc k`tmrruttkvc ko tmepc

rksmrvatc aooc svcolkem`tc bmoom attkvkt bk annmrtaem`tc rksuota `ctmvcoem`tm rkbcttc. Ao

nc`trarkc, om prk`nkpaok omlksoazkc`k murcpmm nc`skbmra`c `mo smttcrm pm`aom ko tmepc

bmlok annmrtaem`tk prcnmssuaok ncem u` tmepc scspmsc, `c` nceputajkom k` `mssu` ecbc

ak fi`k bmoomstk`zkc`m bmo rmatc.Alm`bc a`ndm qua`bc sc`c statm lk ncepkutm attkvkt bk annmrtaem`tc, oa prmsnrkzkc`m

travcolm lok attk ncepkutk m bmtmrek`a u` bkspm`bkc bk rkscrsm mnc`cekndm m prcnmssuaok ndm

va``c a k`nkbmrm k` ea`kmra ncspknua ska suk jkoa`nk bmooc tatc, ska suooa fibunka bmk nkttabk`k

`mk nc`grc`tk bmooa lkustkzka, bmtmrek`a`bc u`a scrta bk bksamzkc`m pmr oa omlaokt.

Gk`m bkndkaratc bmooa rkgcrea mra sa`zkc`arm okrralkc`mvcom burata bmo prcnmssc

embka`tm u`a`tknkpazkc`m bmooa scloka cotrm oa quaom sk vmrkfina oa prmsnrkzkc`m9 ok`tm`tc

mra, quk`bk, pcrrm oanncrnkaem`tc bmk tmepk ncem bmtmrrm`tm aooa om`tmzza/ou`ldmzza bmkprcnmssk, ncs k`nm`tkva`bc`m u`annmomrazkc`m, embka`tm ek`annka bk travcolkem`tc bmlok

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annmrtaem`tk mvm`tuaoem`tm lk mmttuatk.

Nk eaolrabc, ajjasta`za utcpkstknc pm`sarm bk rkscovmrm ko prcjomea bmooa burata

bmk prcnmssk scoc attravmrsc oa ek`annka bmooa prmsnrkzkc`m, sm`za ndm a nk sk anncepal`k u`a

rmvkskc`m ncepomta bmooa eatmrka prcnmssuao-pm`aokstkna. coc u` omlksoatcrm pcnc k`gcreatc

nkrna oa struttura annusatcrka bmo cstrc prcnmssc pm`aom (m bmooa prassk) pctmva garsk koouskc`k

m barm aooa ounm u`a omllm gu`zkc`aom scoc a nrmarm scvracooaem`tc bk koomlaokt, a`zknd

s`moomzza prcnmssuaom. K`vmrc, oa prcemssa c gcrtm prcjajkokt bk kepu`kt `c` bkstclokmr

bao nrkek`m m prcvcndmr, pmrta`tc, eallkcrm k`sknurmzza aook`tmr`c bmooa nceu`kt.

Zkbunm`bc ko tmepc `mnmssarkc aooa prmsnrkzkc`m, oa rkgcrea da prcbcttc mmttk a

nasnata, quaok oa gcrtm okektazkc`m bmo rksndkc bk nc`ba``a ba partm bmookeputatc ndm snmola

bk rmstarm aook`tmr`c bmooa prcnmbura crbk`arka, em`trm auem`ta ok`tmrmssm a emttmrm k` attc

stratmlkm prcnmssuaok bkoatcrkm ndm gavcrksnc`c oa bkek`uzkc`m bmooa nc`vm`km`za a rkncrrmrm

ao pattmllkaem`tc. ^pmssc, k`gattk, oautcrm bmo rmatc auspkna `mooa om`tmzza bmooa lkustkzka pmr

cttm`mrm okepu`kt m, pmrta`tc, prmgmrksnm attm`bmrm oa nc`nouskc`m bmo rktc crbk`arkc c,

emlokc, ompkoclc bmooa vknm`ba prcnmssuaom traektm mstk`zkc`m pkuttcstc ndm annmttarm u`a

pm`a pk ektm, ea nmrta, quaom qumooa nceek`ata k` smluktc ao rkncrsc ao pattmllkaem`tc.

Apparm mvkbm`tm, quk`bk, ncem ko pmrsmluktc k`tm`tc bk bmazkc`arm oa eanndk`a lkubkzkarka

embka`tm k`tmrvm`tc suk tmrek`k bk prmsnrkzkc`m c` ska kbc`mc, meem`c tmcrknaem tm, a

prcburrm utkok rksuotatk.

Oa bcttrk`a prmnmbm`tmem`tm aoom`trata k` vklcrm bmooa omllm k` nceem`tc

rmnoaeava u`a rkgcrea bmooa prmsnrkzkc`m, pmrnd oa rktm`mva ko ecrjc ndm k`gmttava ko

skstmea bk lkustkzka pm`aom m emttmva k` luarbka ko omlksoatcrm ba u`a snmota pcoktkna ndm

avrmjjm pctutc bk gattc bmnrkek`aokzzarm `uemrcsm `crem nm`traok bmo skstmea ndm,

pur ek`annka`bc pm`m smvmrm sarmjjmrc statm ek`atm baooa quask nmrtmzza bmookepu`kt.

Xurtrcppc, ko rksuotatc u`a omllm ba ecotk rktm`uta nrkek`clm`a (a`zknd a tutmoa bmoom

vkttkem), pmrnd oa lara`zka bmookepu`kt kvk nc`tm`uta k`vkta a ncepkmrm nrkek`k lravksskek,

bk grc`tm ak quaok `mooa vkttkea rmaom c pctm`zkaom sk aepokfina sm`sc bk k`sknurmzza mpaura.

Qumooc ndm bmsta lkustkfinata prmcnnupazkc`m okepattc bmooa Omllm mxNkrkmook suk

nc`scnkatk, c emlokc, su qumooa partm bk nc`scnkatk nc`sapmvcok bmooa rmaom pcrtata bmoom

`crem, `c`nd lok utm`tk bmooa lkustkzka pm`aom ndm vmrra``c a trcvarsk `mooa nc`bkzkc`m bk

attkvarm u` prcnmbkem`tc, k`vmstkrm k` mssc rkscrsm eatmrkaok, tmepc m fibunka `mooa lkustkzka,

ndm prcburr u` cutput tuttaotrc ndm abmluatc aoom msklm`zm mvkbm`zkatm baooa rknmrna

vkttkecoclkna. @c` scoc ocmsc `c` rknmvmr oalcl`atc rkstcrc locjaom pmr oa ralkc`m ndmko prcnmssc pm`aom `c` skstmeatknaem`tm strutturatc ab abmepkmrm a qumstc fi`m, ea vmbr

7/30/2019 Annalisa Gasparre - Dal Vittimismo al Protagonismo

16/21

pal. 17

ncepomtaem`tm grustratc a`ndm ko prkektkvc jkscl`c bk pmrvm`krm aooa nc`ba``a bmo rmc.

Lrazkm ao lkcnc bmooa prmsnrkzkc`m ncejk`atc nc` oa burata embka bmk prcnmbkem`tk,

sk prmsnrkvc`c bk gattc rmatk ncem6 gurtc k` ajktazkc`m, ncrruzkc`m pmr attk nc`trark

ak bcvmrk bunkc, vkcoazkc`m bk bceknkokc, gaoskt eatmrkaom mb kbmcoclkna bmo pujjoknc

unkaom k` attk pujjoknk, nc`traazkc`m bk narta fioklra`ata, gajjrknazkc`m bk struem`tk

bmstk`atk aooa gaoskfinazkc`m bk ec`mtm, vkokpm`bkc bk nabavmrm, ekooa`tatc nrmbktc, trua

pmr ko nc`smlukem`tc bk mrclazkc`k pujjokndm, nkrnc`vm`zkc`m bk pmrsc`m k`napank, grcbm

`moom pujjokndm gcr`kturm, gavcrmllkaem`tc rmaom, k`buzkc`m aooa prcstktuzkc`m, ajja`bc`c

bk pmrsc`m ek`crk c k`napank, bkndkarazkc`m graubcom`ta embka`tm usc bk gatturm c aotrk

bcnuem`tk pmr cpmrazkc`k k`mskstm`tk, cnnuotaem`tc c bkstruzkc`m bk bcnuem`tk nc`tajkok

m ecotk aotrk.

K`fi`m, sk pm`sk ak grmqum`tk nask bk eaoasa`kt6 k` jasm aooa `ucva omllm, oa ecrtm

nalkc`ata ba ncopa prcgmsskc`aom sk prmsnrkvmr `mo pk jrmvm tmrek`m bk smk a``k, `c`csta`tm

oannmrtaem`tc bmoom rmspc`sajkokt prcgmsskc`aok ska cllmttc bk k`balk`k ou`ldm m gc`batm su

pmrkzkm ndm nc`trkjuksnc`c ab aoou`larm k tmepk prcnmssuaok. Ncouk ndm sk rmsc ncopmvcom

bmooa ecrtm bk pk pazkm`tk, `c` scoc lcbr bk u` tmrek`m prmsnrkzkc`aom pk jrmvm m,

pmrta`tc, bknkoem`tm oa vkttkea vmbr oa nc`nouskc`m bmo prcnmbkem`tc ndm sk prmsuem

nabr k` prmsnrkzkc`m prkea bmooa bmnkskc`m fi`aom, ea a`ndm `mo nasc asscoutaem`tm

rarc k` nuk ko prcnmssc lku`la ao suc `aturaom mpkoclc m sk nc`nouba nc` u`a sm`tm`za bk

nc`ba``a, ko prcgmsskc`ksta sar keeu`m ba nc`tmstazkc`k bk rmnkbkva pmrnd keputatc bk

bmokttc ncopcsc (m `c` bcocsc). ]` rksuotatc ajmrra`tm sm sk pm`sa aoom lravk nc`smlum`zm

bmrkvajkok ba ncopa prcgmsskc`aom m baoomomem`tc bmooa rmktmrazkc`m ndm pu susskstmrm k`

nc`nrmtc, ea ndm msnoubm oa nc`tmstazkc`m bmooa rmnkbkva scoc pmrnd k`mrm`tm oa `atura

ncopcsa m `c` bcocsa bmo bmokttc.

Oa eallkcrm gankokt nc` nuk u` rmatc nabr k` prmsnrkzkc`m a`br a bmtrkem`tc bmoom

vkttkem, ndm sk sm`tkra``c a`ncra pk grustratm `moom ocrc msklm`zm omlkttkem bk lkustkzka

pmr bkvm`krm scllmttk bmooa n.b. tmrza vkttkekzzazkc`m, vaom a bkrm ko ba``c uotmrkcrm ndm skbmtmrek`a k` napc a ndk `c` rknmvm lkustkzka. Nk sk bcea`ba ncsa rmstk bk qumooa tutmoa bmoom

vkttkem ta`tc sja`bkmrata a lkustkfinazkc`m bk u` prcvvmbkem tc omlksoatkvc ndm, k` rmaot,

ba u` oatc, vucom saovarm aonu`k keputatk bao narnmrm m, baooaotrc, nc`tk`ua a nc`skbmrarm

ko narnmrm ncem ko ouclc bcvm aokm`arm scllmttk rktm`utk emrktmvcok bk scllkcr`arm `mooa

bksnarkna scnkaom.

Aooa ounm bk qua`tc annm``atc, pmrea`lc`c lra`bk pmrpomsskt nkrna oa vaoutazkc`mlocjaom ba barm aoom rmnm`tk snmotm bk pcoktkna nrkek`aom ndm, pur rmnoaea`bc oa bkgmsa bmoom

7/30/2019 Annalisa Gasparre - Dal Vittimismo al Protagonismo

17/21

pal. 1 aooa Xrmskbm`za bmo ^m`atc.

Ko bksml`c bk omllm ganmva prcprkm om k`bknazkc`k gcr`ktm baooa Bmnkskc`m-quabrc

rmoatkva aooa pcskzkc`m bmooa vkttkea `mo prcnmbkem`tc pm`aom, apprcvata bao Nc`sklokc

bmoo]`kc`m Murcpma k` bata 1= earzc :881.

K``a`zktuttc, ko prcvvmbkem`tc sk sgcrzava bk rknc`csnmrm u`kbm`tkt aooa vkttkea (ndm

ajjkaec vkstc mssmrm ecotc kepcrta`tm) embka`tm u`a bmfi`kzkc`m bmo smlum`tm tm`crm6 sk

k`tm`bm pmr vkttkea oa pmrsc`a cmsa bao rmatc m, qua`bc qumsta ska bmnmbuta k` nc`smlum`za

bmo rmatc, k suck prcsskek nc`lku`tk, ndk omlatc aooa pmrsc`a cmsa bao vk`ncoc bk abczkc`m

m ndk, pur `c` mssm`bc suc nc`kulm, ncem taom nc`vkvmva stajkoem tm nc` mssa9 ko bksml`c

bk omllm prmvmbmva aonu`k bkrkttk bk k`gcreazkc`m (ab ms. tmepk, ecbk, oucldk rmoatkvk aooa

prmsm`tazkc`m bmooa bm`u`nka c bmooa qumrmoa).

Mra`c pck prmvkstm aonu`m ecbkfindm bmo ncbknm bk prcnmbura pm`aom, quaok6

ko bkrkttc aooa ctkfina a`ndm ao bkgm`scrm bmoocmsc bmo bmpcsktc bk crbk`a`zm k` eatmrka

nautmoarm, m k` partkncoarm bk qumoom ndm bkspc`lc`c oa okjmrazkc`m bmook`balatc c

bmookeputatc, cvm vk ska`c smrk pmrkncok pmr ok`ncouekt bmoocmsc9

oa ecbkfina bmoom rmlcom bk k`aeeksskjkokt bmoocppcskzkc`m aooa rkndkmsta bk

arndkvkazkc`m, k` vmrkt lk rmnmpkta baooa Ncrtm ncstktuzkc`aom>9

oa pcsskjkokt bk ndkmbmrm bkrmttaem`tm ok`nkbm`tm prcjatcrkc9

ocjjoklc bk `ctkfina bmooavvksc bk ndkusura bmoom k`balk`k mxart. 21= jksn.p.p.9

ocjjoklc bk `ctkzkarm a pmrsc`a cmsa bmooubkm`za bk msmnuzkc`m pmr omvm`tuaom

okjmrazkc`m nc`bkzkc`aom bmo rmc.

K`fi`m, prmvksta6

ok`trcbuzkc`m bk u` Gc`bc bk asskstm`za aoom vkttkem bk rmatk lravk9 oa ncstktuzkc`m bk u` Ncektatc pmr oasskstm`za m ko scstml`c bmoom vkttkem bmk rmatk9

oa rmaokzzazkc`m, prmssc cl`k ]nkc Rmrrktcrkaom bmo Lcvmr`c (Xrmgmttura), bk u`c

^pcrtmooc pmr om vkttkem bk rmatk, ndm attua om ok`mm cpmratkvm bmo Ncektatc m nccrbk`a

om attkvkt, ao fi`m bk gcr`krm abmluata asskstm`za m k`gcreazkc`m aoom vkttkem9

> Ko tmrek`m rabbcppka, passa`bc ba 18 a :8 lkcr`k. Oa Ncrtm, a`tknkpa`bc ko bksml`c bk omllm, nc` sm`t.11 aprkom 1;;< `. ;=, da rkomvatc ndm oa pmrsc`a cmsa pu prmsm`tarm ocppcskzkc`m `c` scoc k` prmsm`za bk

k`balk`k k`ncepomtm, ea a`ndm `mookpctmsk k` nuk k`tm`ba bkecstrarm oa `c` k`gc`batmzza bmooa `ctkzka bk rmatc. Oabksnkpok`a bmooart. 218 n.p.p. kbc`ma a tutmoarm om ralkc`k bmooa pmrsc`a cmsa, ska `mo nasc k` nuk qumsta k`tm`banc`trastarm narm`zm m oanu`m k`vmstklatkvm, ska qua`bc ocppcskzkc`m ska jasata su u`a vaoutazkc`m bmk gattk cvvmrcsu ralkc`k bk bkrkttc bkvmrsm ba qumoom pcstm a jasm bmooa rkndkmsta bk arndkvkazkc`m bmo pujjoknc ek`kstmrc.

7/30/2019 Annalisa Gasparre - Dal Vittimismo al Protagonismo

18/21

pal. 14

okstktuzkc`m bk u`a lkcr`ata bmooa emecrka.

Oattuazkc`m bmooa bmnkskc`m-quabrc bcvmva avvm`krm m`trc ko :: earzc :88:, ea bk

gattc uooa sk sa rkspmttc ak tmepk bk bksnusskc`m bmo bksml`c ktaoka`c prcpcstc lk nc` rktarbc

ko 1 alcstc :88>2.

Om eallkcrk (m rmaok) pcsskjkokt prcpcstm bao bksml`c bk omllm sc`c augralatm mo earm

eal`uebmo bksncrsc sknurmzza, parcoa ealkna napanm bk ujrkanarm eassm k`nc`sapmvcok m

`mnmsskta`tk bk u` `meknc ba ncejattmrm. ^k nc`stata `c` sm`za aearmzza ndm oattkvkt

omlksoatkva sk crkm`tata vmrsc omllk-ea`kgmstc, a`zknd k` bkrmzkc`m bk u`a pcoktkna nrkek`aom

ndm rknc`csna ko rucoc bmooa vkttkea m prceucva lok struem`tk omlksoatkvk, lkubkzkark m scnkaok

pmr oa sua tutmoa (sk rk`vka aoom omllk nceem`tatm `mo Napktcoc W m`tratm k` vklcrm k` tmepk

sunnmsskvk a qumook k` nuk sk bcvmva traburrm k` omllm pcsktkva oa bmnkskc`m-quabrc murcpma).

Da trcvatc k`vmnm attuazkc`m (a`ndm sm scoc suooa narta) oa bkrmttkva :882/48/

NM rmoatkva aook`bm``kzzc bmoom vkttkem bk rmatc. Oa Bkrmttkva bmok`ma u` skstmea bk

nccpmrazkc`m vcotc a gavcrkrm oannmssc aook`bm``kzzc. Oa Bkrmttkva prmvmbm ndm Ruttk lok

^tatk emejrk prcvvmbc`c a ndm om ocrc `creatkvm `azkc`aok prmvmba`c omskstm`za bk u`

skstmea bk k`bm``kzzc bmoom vkttkem bk rmatk k`tm`zkc`aok vkcom`tk nceemssk `mk rkspmttkvk

tmrrktcrk, ndm lara`tksna u` k`bm``kzzc mquc mb abmluatc bmoom vkttkem. K`cotrm, oa Bkrmttkva

prmvmbm ndm ko rksarnkem`tc ska, `mooa pratkna, gankoem`tm annmsskjkom, k`bkpm`bm`tmem`tm

bao ouclc bmoo]`kc`m Murcpma k` nuk u` nkttabk`c ska vkttkea bk u` rmatc, embka`tm oa

nrmazkc`m bk u` skstmea bk nccpmrazkc`m tra autcrkt `azkc`aok cpmratkvc bao 1 lm``akc

:887. K` Ktaoka, oattuazkc`m smppurm k` rktarbc avvm`uta traektm ko Bmnrmtc Omlksoatkvc 7

`cvmejrm :888: bmo 1;;8 m Omllm `. :87 bmo :882) m bk rmatk mstcrskvk m bk usura

(Omllm `. 22 bmo 1;;;) `c` sc`c kbc`mk a rknceprm`bmrm aotrm tkpcoclkm bk rmatk nc`trc oa

pmrsc`a, quaok ab ms. k rmatk bk `atura smssuaom, ncem qumooc ba nuk snaturksnm oa prc`u`nka

2 ZKXC@RK, k` Xrcfiok vkttkecoclknk bmo ba``c aooa pmrsc`a, www.aotaomx.nce, artkncoc bmo 87 aprkom :887) m bmooa prcpcsta bk Bkrmttkva suo rksarnkem`tc aoom vkttkem bmormatc (1< cttcjrm :88:).

= Rrkju`aom bk Rcrk`c, smz. KW, sm`t. `. >12=/:818.

7/30/2019 Annalisa Gasparre - Dal Vittimismo al Protagonismo

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pal. 1;

k` msaem.

mvkbm`tm ndm ko omlksoatcrm da traoasnkatc bk nclokmrm om cppcrtu`kt sullmrktm

a`ndm baoocrbk`aem`tc nceu`ktarkc bk apprc`tarm u` skstmea `creatkvc k` lrabc bk

bmok`marm u` skstmea bk prctmzkc`m m tutmoa bmoom vkttkem bk rmatc7.

K` u`a prcspmttkva pcoktknc-nrkek`aom pk aepka, sk raeem`tk ndm ko rknc`csnkem`tc

bk u` rucoc attkvc `mo prcnmssc aookeputatc u`anqukskzkc`m rmoatkvaem`tm rmnm`tm, cpmra

bmo passallkc bao prcnmssc k`quksktcrkc ao prcnmssc annusatcrkc. Quaondm spkralokc k` tao

sm`sc statc sm`zaotrc prmvkstc `mo ncbknm bmo 1;44 a`ndm rkluarbc aooa vkttkea bmo rmatc m,

pmrqua`tc rkluarba m`traejm om partk prkvatm, kepcrta`tk struem`tk sc`c statk prmvkstk k`

eatmrka bmoom k`balk`k bkgm`skvm.

Mjjm`m, k tmepk sc`c nmrtaem`tm eaturk a`ndm pmr a`barm k`nc`trc aooaotra partm

bmooa qumstkc`m nrkek`aom, oa vkttkea. Bk gattc, cstancoa`c oa rmaokzzazkc`m rmskstm`zm bk status,

rksmrvm nuoturaok ndm vmbc`c mk bkgm`scrk bmoom vkttkem bmk ncepmtktcrs mooannmrtaem`tc bmk

gattk (`c` bkvmrsaem`tm ba qua`tc avvm`kva m tuttcra avvkm`m, k` taou`k nask, `mk nc`grc`tk

bmo bkgm`scrm bmookeputatc ndm prmtm`ba u` rucoc attkvc), `c`nd nc`ncrrm`tk `mooa

rmprmsskc`m bmo nrkek`m ndm, k`vmnm, k` qua`tc prcbcttc scnkaom, prcprkc k` u`a rk``cvata

bkem`skc`m scnkaom, pu trcvarm oa scouzkc`m pmr ko suc nc`tm`kem`tc.

^k pu kpctkzzarm u` rmnupmrc bmo vaocrm rktuaom bmo prcnmssc, attravmrsc ocjjoklatcrkc

tm`tatkvc bk embkazkc`m, pmr taou`k rmatk c aotrm gcrem ndm emttc`c oannusatc bk grc`tm aooa

vkttkea m aooa ncoomttkvkt, sm`za ndm qumstc bmjja passarm attravmrsc ko bmomtmrkc paoncsnm`knc

bmk eass embka. Nmrtaem`tm, u`a rkgcrea k` tao sm`sc bcvr tm`mrm nc`tc bmook`bmrclajkom

prk`nkpkc bk `c` prmsu`zkc`m bk ncopmvcomzza, ea pctr rksuotarm bk quaondm utkokt k` tuttk

qumk nask k` nuk sk k` prmsm`za bk u` pattmllkaem`tc m sknuraem`tm `mk nask bk gattkspmnkm

pmrsmlukjkok a qumrmoa bk partm, ndm pur mssm`bc qumook em`c cm`skvk pmr oa ncoomttkvkt,

sc`c a`ndm qumook ndm acooa`c om ubkm`zm bmk lkubknk ec`cnratknk, k`lcoga`bc ko skstmea.

K` vmrkt, k` qumstm kpctmsk, oa vkttkea sm`tkta k` ubkm`za pmr vmrkfinarm oa pcsskjkokt bk

rkemttmrm oa qumrmoa, ea nk bmo tuttc k`sunkm`tm a pcrrm bk grc`tm keputatc m vkttkea,scprattuttc a bksta`za bk tmepc m sm`za prmvmbmrm ocjjoklatcrkc k`tmrvm`tc bk u` scllmttc

tmrzc, ndm svcola ko rucoc bk embkatcrm (scllmttc bkvmrsc bak bkgm`scrk ndm da``c nc`tattk tra

ocrc ak fi`k bmoomvm`tuaom rmeksskc`m bmooa qumrmoa).

Bmo rmstc, c` sk vmbm pmrnd bmjja pmsarm suooa vkttkea u` skstmea pm`aom kpmrtrcfinc

m u` smttcrm lkubkzkarkc k`tasatc, nc` narm`zm bk crla`knc m bk rkscrsm. Oa vkttkea, sm sk aba

7 Omsprmsskc`m sarnastkna, pcknd om bmnkskc`k nceu`ktarkm bmvc`c mssmrm attuatm `moocrbk`aem`tc k`tmr`c.^k vucom mvkbm`zkarm oasscouta k`napankt bk a`barm k`nc`trc aoom vkttkem nc` struem`tk nc`nrmtk, qua`ba`ndmok`kzkatkva m ko pmrncrsc prcvm`la`c ba k`bknazkc`k mstmr`m aooc ^tatc.

7/30/2019 Annalisa Gasparre - Dal Vittimismo al Protagonismo

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pal. :8

aooc ^tatc, ec`cpcoksta `mooa rmprmsskc`m bmo nrkek`m, `c` bmvm sujkrm uotmrkcrm vmssazkc`m

bmrkva`tm baoom k`mnkm`zm bmooc ^tatc embmskec ndm `c` scoc `c` statc k` lrabc bk

prmvm`krm, ea `mppurm bk nurarm ko braeea bmooa nc`sueazkc`m bk u` rmatc.

Om vkttkem ea scprattuttc om pctm`zkaok vkttkem, ndm rkspmttc a qumoom mmttkvm

da``c eallkcrm ounkbkt `mo vaoutarm nk ndm annabm bmvc`c sgcrzarsk bk rmalkrm aooa

struem`taokzzazkc`m ndm bk mssm sk ga utkokzza`bc a`nmstraok paurm, pmr bkvm`krm attcrk m

rmlkstk bmooa prcprka mskstm`za m prmtm`bmrm mmttkvm mb mnkm`tk pcoktkndm nrkek`aok m scnkaok.

`mnmssarka m urlm`tm u`a rkvcouzkc`m nuoturaom. Ea qumsta u`aotra stcrka.

7/30/2019 Annalisa Gasparre - Dal Vittimismo al Protagonismo

21/21

ZMBAVKC@M6

Nccrbk`atcrm nkm`tkgknc6 Okoka`a Ec`tmrmaom

Nccrbk`atcrm bk Zmbazkc`m6 @ataoka Gkcrk`k

Xrclmttc Lragknc mb Kepalk`azkc`m6 Waomrkc @annk

Mbktcr6 E.B6 Eark`a Bmn

^mlrmtmrka bk Zmbazkc`m6 Waom`tk`a Xalokarcok

^MLZMRMZKA6

Rmo/Gax6 +>; 8