lb¿ sk-°‚dn

ae-bmfw

XI

Ãm≥tU¿Uv

tIc-f-k¿°m¿

hnZym- ym-k-h-Ip∏v

Xbm-dm-°n-bXv

kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw

2016

sF—nIw

]Xn⁄

C¥y Fs‚ cmPyamWv. F√m C¥y°mcpw Fs‚ ktlmZco ktlmZc

∑mcmWv.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPysØ kv-t\ln°p∂p; kºq¿Whpw sshhn[y]q¿W

hpamb AXns‚ ]mcºcyØn¬ Rm≥ A`nam\wsIm≈p∂p.

Rm≥ Fs‚ amXm]nXm°sfbpw Kpcp°∑mscbpw apXn¿∂hscbpw

_lpam\n°pw.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPyØns‚bpw Fs‚ \m´pImcpsSbpw t£aØn\pw

sFizcyØn\pw th≠n ]bXv\n°pw.

P\KWa\ A[n\mbI Pbtl

`mcX `mKyhn[mXm,

]©m_kn‘p KpPdmØ admTm

ZmhnU DXv°e _wKm,

hn‘ylnamNe bap\mKwKm,

D—e Pe[nXcwKm,

Xhip`\mta PmtK,

Xhip` Binj amtK,

Kmtl Xh PbKmYm

P\KWawKeZmbI Pbtl

`mcX `mKyhn[mXm.

Pbtl, Pbtl, Pbtl,

Pb Pb Pb Pbtl!

tZio-b-Km\w

Prepared by :

State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695012, Kerala.

Website : www.scertkerala.gov.in e-mail : scertkerala@gmail.comPhone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax : 0471 - 2341869

Typesetting and Layout : SCERTTo be printed in quality paper - 80gsm map litho (snow-white)

© Department of Education, Government of Kerala.

]nb hnZym¿YnItf,

]mc-ºcywsIm≠pw kmln-Xy-k-º-Øp-sIm≠pw temI-\n-e-hm-c-

Øn¬ FØnb `mj-bmWv ae-bm-fw. C¥ybnse A©v tijvT-

`m-j-I-fn¬ H∂mbn \ΩpsS `mjbv°v ÿm\w e`n-®n-cn-°p∂p.

ae-bmfw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-Øp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂Xv \ap°v A`n-am-\-I-c-am-Wv. Nn¥bpw `mh-\bpw hnI-kn-

∏n-°m\pw hn⁄m-\hpw hnIm-chpw hn\n-abw sNøm\pw ae-bmfw

\n߃°v IcpØp \¬Ipw.

lb¿ sk-°‚-dn-bnse sF—n-I-]-T-\-Øn\p th≠n Xbm-dm-°nb

Cu ae-bmf]mT-]p-kvXIw \ΩpsS `mj ssIh-cn® t\´-߃

Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. A©p mK-ß-fmWv CXn-ep-≈-Xv. BZy- mKw Pohn-

Xm-\p-`-h-ßfpw ]pØ≥ A\p-`-h-]-cn-k-c-ß-fpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂p. IYm-km-ln-Xy-Ønse anI® D]-e-_v[n-I-fmWv c≠mw- m-K-Øn-

ep-≈-Xv. `mjm-]-T-\sØbpw hymI-c-W-]-T-\-sØbpw ap≥\n¿Øn-

bp-≈-XmWv aq∂mw`mKw. ae-bmfIhnX apt∂-dnb hgn-Iƒ AS-

bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p \memw-`m-Kw. Iem˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI ]T-\sØ

`mjm]T-\-hpambn _‘n-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv A©mw-`mKw.

cN-\-I-fn¬ t\cn´v CS-s]´pw ]Xn-I-cn®pw ImgvN-∏mSpw \ne-]mSpw

\nc-¥cw \ho-I-cn-°m≥ `mjm-]-T\w klm-b-I-am-h-Ww. bqWn-‰p-

Iƒs°m-Sp-hn¬ \¬In-bn- p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Cu e£yw ap∂n¬

°≠p-sIm-≠p-≈-Xm-Wv.

hmb-\-bpsS hnim-e-tem-I-tØ°v \bn-°p∂ -I-hm-S-am-hs´ Cu

]mT-]p-kvX-Iw. D∂-X-amb ]T-\-k-µ¿`-߃ Biw-kn-®p-sIm-

≈p∂p.

kvt\l-tØmsS,

tUm. ]n. F. ^mØna

UbdŒ¿

Fkv.kn.C.B¿.Sn.

]mT]pkvXI inev]imebn¬ ]s¶SpØh¿

• ]n. t]aNµ≥, Kh¨sa‚ v F®v. Fkv. Fkv.]ø∂q¿, IÆq¿• sI.hn. aWnIWvTZmkv-, N´©m¬ F®v. Fkv. Fkv, Imk¿tKmUv• F.hn. ]hnX≥,- Kh¨sa‚ v F®v. Fkv. Fkv. IS∂∏≈n , IÆq¿• ]n. cma≥, - Kh¨sa‚ v P\Xm F®v.Fkv.Fkv. \Sph´w, ]´mºn, ]me°mSv• F.sI. A–p¬l°ow, - \∑≠ F®v.Fkv.Fkv, \∑-≠, tImgnt°mSv• DΩ¿ Sn.sI., Kh¨sa‚ v F®v.Fkv.Fkv. Atcmfn, IÆq¿• tUm. Pnt\jvIpam¿ Fcaw, -Kh. t_mbvkv F®v.Fkv.Fk v. amSmbn, IÆq¿• inhIpam¿ B¿. ]n., -Fkv.B¿.hn.F®v.Fkv.Fkv. FdWmIpfw• ]n. kptcjv, -Kh¨sa‚ v F®v.Fkv.Fkv. AtØmfn, tImgnt°mSv• Fw. kn±oJv, - F≥.F.Fw.Fw.F®v.Fkv.Fkv. s]cnßØq¿, IÆq¿• sI.aplΩZv jco^v, a¿Ikv F®v.Fkv.Fkv. Imc¥q¿, tImgnt°mSv• Sn.sI. A\n¬Ipam¿, -Kh¨sa‚ v F®v.Fkv.Fkv. IqØp]dºv, IÆq¿• kt¥mjv tPm¿P,v sk‚ v B‚-Wokv F®v.Fkv.Fkv. tIm´bw• ]n. _mh, Kh¨sa‚ v F®v.Fkv.Fkv. ao\ßmSn, hb\mSv• ]n.]n. ]Imi≥, Sn.Fw.ssh.F®v.Fkv.Fkv. tNdq¿, ae∏pdw• ]n.sI. k`nØv, sI.F≥. F®v. Fkv.-F-kv. Icn-bm-Sv, Xe-t»cn• Beokv tPmk^v, Kh¨sa‚ v F®v.Fkv.Fkv. hnXpc, Xncph\¥]pcw• A–pdlnam≥ hn.sI, Kh¨sa‚ v am∏nf F®v.-F-kv.-Fkv. sImbnem≠n• kXojvIpam¿, I√Sn F®v.Fkv.Fkv. aÆm¿°mSv, ]me°mSv• tUm. _meNµ≥ Ip™v, -bqWnthgvkn‰n So®¿ FPpt°j≥ sk‚¿• ]n.]n. ]Imi≥-, Fkv.F≥.Pn.Fkv. Kh. tImtfPv, ]´mºn, ]me°mSv• apl-ΩZv _jo¿, dn´. s]m^k¿, Fw.C.-F-kv. tImtf-Pv, aºmSv• sI._n. lrjntIiv, kzX¥ aebmfw Iºyq´nMv

hnZKv[]cntim[\

• tUm. tPm¿Pv HmW°q¿, ap≥ Ub-d-IvS¿, kwÿm\ k¿hhn⁄m\ tImiw C≥Ãn-‰yq´v• tUm. Un. _©an≥, dn´. s]m^k¿, tIcf k¿h-I-em-ime• tUm. ]n. tkma\mY≥, Akn. s]m^k¿, tImgnt°mSv k¿hIemime• tUm. _n.hn. iinIpam¿, Atkm. s]m^k¿, tIcfk¿hIemime• tUm. hnPb≥ NmtemSv, Fkv. Fkv. F. IÆq¿• io. ]n. \mcmbWtat\m≥, dn´. s]m^k¿, tIcfh¿a tImtfP,v Xr»q¿• io. AIv_¿ I°´n¬, sshkv --]knU‚ v, tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan• io. _n. cmaNµ≥]n≈, dn´. s]m^k¿, bqWnthgvkn‰n tImtfPv, Xncph\¥]pcw• tUm. Fw.-kn. A_vZpƒ\mk¿, Kh. tImtfPv, Xncq¿• tUm. kn.-B¿. ]km-Zv, tIcf k¿h-I-em-ime• s]m^. Pn. ]fl-dm-hp, tIcf k¿h-I-em-ime• tUm. ]n.F≥. Nµ-ti-J-c≥ \mb¿, dn´. -s]m-^k¿, F≥.-F-kv.-F-kv. tImtf-Pv, \ne-ta¬

A°mZanIv tImUnt\‰¿

• tUm. ]n.sI. XneIv, dnk¿®v Hm^ok¿ Fkv.kn.C.B¿.Sn. tIcfw

DÅ-S¡w1. Zo]vX-amb Hm¿ΩIƒ 7

]dn-®p-\-So¬ ............................................................... 9amXr-k-∂n-[m-\-Øn¬ ............................................. 15kvarXn-]Yw ................................................................ 21

2. IYmapZ-Iƒ 30

tamXncw ........................................................................ 32]£n-bpsS aWw ....................................................... 41Ata-cn° ..................................................................... 49IÆmSnbnepw h¿Ø-am-\-]-X-Ønepwhniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ ...................................................... 56

3. `mj F∂ hnkvabw ............................ 65

A£-c-ame .................................................................. 67amdp∂ ae-bmf kwkm-c- mj.............................. 76D]-\ymkw ................................................................... 82

4. Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Iƒ ............................ 89

_nw_n-km-cs‚ CS-b≥ ......................................... 91]mhw am\-h-lrZbw ................................................ 96tImgn-∏¶v ..................................................................... 98AΩsb Ipfn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ .................................... 100takvXncn ...................................................................... 102Ihn-X-bnse \mSIobX ......................................... 103

5. kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS D≈-d-Iƒ tXSn 109

\m -dnhpw hntam-N-\hpw ........................................ 111]m´pw Ifnbpw ............................................................ 116ae-bm-fn-bpsS cmXn-Iƒ .......................................... 119

kkk

Hm¿Ω 77Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 7

BapJw

Bi-b-ß-fp-sSbpw A\p- -h-ß-fp-sSbpw i‡-amb Bhn-

jv°mtcm]m-[n-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ `mj-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ

Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. Poh-N-cnXw, bmXmhnh-c-Ww,

ssh⁄m-\nI kmlnXyw XpS-ßnb imJ-I-fn-eqsS ae-

bmfw ]pXnb A\p`qXn-afie߃ krjvSn-®n- p-≠v.

XI-gn-bpsS P∑-tZ-ihpambn _‘-s∏´ KX-Im-e-kvar-Xn-

Iƒ DW¿Øp∂ "]dn®p \So¬', bp.F.-Jm-Z-dns‚ "amXr-

k-∂n-[m-\-Øn¬', tUm.sI.-cm-P-ti-J-c≥ \mb-cpsS "kvarXn-

]Yw' F∂o cN-\-I-fmWv Cu bqWn-‰n¬ D≈-Xv. Pohn-

Xm-\p- -h-ß-fpsS Fgp-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-®n- p≈ mjm-]-c-amb

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™v DNn-X-k-µ¿ -ß-fn¬ ]tbm-

Kn-°m≥ bqWn‰v ]Tn-Xm-°sf ]m]vX-cm-°pw.

Zo]vX-amb Hm¿ΩIƒH∂v

lb¿ sk°‚dn8

]dn-®p-\-So¬

Cu \mSv F\n°©mdp hbp≈t∏mƒ Fßs\bncp∂psh∂v Rm≥ IqsS°qsS Hm¿Øpt\m°mdp≠v. X\n sh≈s°´mb ]tZiw. AXnhnkvXrXamb ]mS߃. ]mSßfpsS]pdthenbn¬ AhnShnsS XpcpØpIfp≠mbncp∂p. XpcpØpIfn¬ ]pch®v a\pjy≥ Xmakn®ncp∂p. [\p˛aIcw apX¬CShamkw hsc ]mSØpIqSn \S°mw; hoSpIfn¬ \Ss∂Ømw. F√m hoSpIfnepw sIm®ph≈ßfp≠mbncp∂p. Ab¬-h°tØ°p sIm®pIp´nIfpw AΩqΩamcpsa√mw Cu h≈Øn¬ Xpg™mWp t]mIp∂Xv. h≈an√msX Pohn°m≥H°pIbn√. CSbv°p Rms\m∂p ]dbs´, Hcp cq] sImSpØvF\n°v A©mdp hbp≈t∏mƒ A—≥ amhn≥-XSnsIm≠p≈ sIm®ph≈w hmßnØ∂ncp∂p. As∂ms° hn¬°m≥h≈hpambn I®hS°m¿ Ing°≥ ]tZißfn¬\n∂v Bdphgn Ip´\m´nseØpambncp∂p. AXh¿s°mcp \√ hym]mcambncp∂p. Fs‚ h≈Øn¬ F\n°pamXw Ibdmw. AXsNdpXmbncp∂p AXv. h¿jImeØv Ip´\mSpdßpw. XI¿Øv\mepa©pamdpw Znhkw ag \n∂p s]øptºmƒ sh≈s∏m°ambn. At∏mƒ ]pcbv°IØpw sh≈w Ibdpw. "X´pw ]cWpw'sI´n sh≈sØ AXnPohn°Ww. Iqew IpØn ]m™phcp∂]º XpSßnb Ing°\mdpIfnse sh≈w Ip´\m´n¬ h∂p]cs∂mgpIpIbmWv. IpØnsbmgp°√. ]t£, Imbenset∏mse XncbSn°pw. kvXoIƒ hsc ]dºnep≈ acs°mºpIfn¬ Ibdnbncp∂mWv shfn°ndßp∂Xv. aÆp Im◊mt\bn√. hr›nIw˛[\pamkamIptºmƒ Ip´\mSmsI DW¿∂pIgn™p. ]ns∂ Dd°an√. ]Xn\mbnchpw ]Xn\ømbnchpw]d hnØp]mSv ]c∂pInS°p∂ ]mStiJcßfnse ]pdthenIpØpw sh≈w h‰n°epamWv ]ns∂bp≈ cm]I¬ ]Wn.]pdthenIpØm≥, IºpImSpIƒ sX°p≈ Icn]tZiØp\n∂mWv sIm≠phcp∂Xv. h≈߃ h≈ßfmbn tXmSpIƒ

XIgn

Hm¿Ω 99Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 9

hgn Iºpw ImSpw t]mbv-s°m≠ncn°pw. k‘ybmIptºmƒFs‚ hoSns‚ IShn¬ sXm´psXm´p h≈߃ sI´nbncn°p∂Xp ImWmw. \√ ckamWv Ah¿ AØmgw hbv°p∂XpwAXpÆp∂Xpw t\m°n\n¬°m≥. Ah¿ GtXm A\ycmPyØp\n∂p h∂hcmsW∂mWv tXm∂pI. t\cw shfp°pwaptº Ah¿ t]mbn°gnbpw. ap∏Ønbmdv CeIƒ hscbp≈NIßfn v ]e BgvN Nhn´nbmWv sh≈w h‰n°p∂Xv. kqNn°p Nhn´p∂ Hcmfp≠v. G‰hpw apIfn¬ Xncnbp∂ NIØns‚Hmtcm Cebnepw Nhn´n \S°pIbmWnbmƒ. Abmƒ°p XmsgGtgm Ft´m t]cp≠v. Ah¿ Ccp∂v Nhn´p∂hcmWv.

""sXbv-sXbv tXm IdpI XI sXbvIdpI XnssØtXm XIssX XItXmw''

F∂ ]√hnbp≈ NI∏m v cmXnImeßfn¬ Ip´\mSp apgph≥apgßns°m≠ncp∂p. Ggc\mgnIbmWv Hcp XhW. k‘yFcn™Sßptºmƒ H∂mw XhW°m¿ NIØn¬ Ib dWw.kq£vaw Ggc \mgnIbncp´ptºmƒ c≠mwXhW°m¿ Ibdpw.XhWbndßp∂Xpw XhW Ibdp∂Xpw henb B¿∏phnfntbmsSbmWv. c≠mw XhW°m¿ ]Xn\©p \mgnIbncp´ptºmƒ XhWbndßpw. aq∂mw bmaw Nhnt´≠Xv H∂mw XhW°mcmWv; \memw bmaw c≠mw XhW°mcpw. hm®pw \mgnIaWnbpsam∂pan√. \£Xw t\m°n IrXyambn kabadn™ncp∂p. AXdnbmhp∂hcp≠mbncp∂p. agbpw shbnepw KlßfpsS cminNwIaWw t\m°n ap≥-Iq´n Irjn°m¿ I≠dn™ncp∂p. AXp hfscsbms° HØpancp∂psh∂v ss[cyambnF\n°p ]dbm≥ Ignbpw. C∂sØ Imemhÿm ]hN\°msc \ºm≥ IgnbpIbn√t√m. G‰°qSpX¬ sImt≠m a‰p hn[Øntem, Dt±in°p∂ Znhkw sh≈w h‰nbn´ns√¶n¬ cm]I¬Nhn´pI (AXn\v \ne]Sn Nhn´pI F∂mWv ]dbp∂Xv) bmWv]Xnhv.

Iqen s\√mWv. ]pebcpw ]dbcpw ]p´nepw h´nbpw \ncØnh®n´v Xo≠m∏mSp amdn\n¬°pw. Hmtcm ]mXhpw BcpsSsb∂p tNmZn®n´v Iqen®ßgn h®v ]d∏Sn Af∂psIm≠ph®n´p≈ s\√v Hmtcm ]mXØn¬ Iqenbf°pw. Rm\ßs\A—s‚ IqsS HcIw apX¬ at‰ AIw hsc Af°p∂Xpwt\m°n t]mIpambncp∂p.

]ns∂ Ip´\mSv ]®∏´p ]pX®p InS°pIbmWv. CSbv°nSbv°v thentb‰w hcptºmƒ AXymlnX߃ kw`hn°mdp≠v.

lb¿ sk°‚dn10

aShogvN. ssIbn¬ In´p∂ Bbp[ßfpw aS XSp°m≥ D]Icn°p∂ D]IcWßfpambn \mSpapgph≥ aShoWnSØv ]ms™ØpIbmWv. sh≈Øns‚ i‡nsb a\pjy]bXv\w ]Xntcm[n°p∂ ImgvN ]eXhW Rm≥ I≠n´p≠v. ]ns∂bmWvD’hImew. hnfshSp∏v H∂pw H∂cbpw amkamWv IfwIbdp∂Xv. sImbvØpw saXnbpw CSXShn√msX \S°pw. ]pdØp\n∂p sImbvØpImsc hcpØn sImøn°bmWv h≥-InSIrjn°m¿. sImbvØpIm¿°v InS°m≥ ]¥epw a‰pw Irjn°m¿ sI´ns°mSp°pw. A∂pw Ip´\m´n\pd°an√.

F∂mWv Ip´\m´n¬ asÆÆ FØnbXv?

IrXyambn Hm¿Ωn°m≥ Ignbp∂n√. hoSpIfn¬ ]p∂bv°mFÆbmWv shfn®w ImWm≥ D]tbmKn®psIm≠ncp∂Xv.aq∂p\mep coXnIfnep≈ hnf°pIƒ hoSpIfn¬ ImWmambncp∂p. Aºe∏pg Cw•ojv kv-Iqfn¬ ]Tn°p∂ ImeØvRm≥ ]p∂bv°m FÆ Hgn®p IØn® hnf°ns‚ Nph´nencp∂mWv ]mT߃ hmbn®ncp∂Xv. Rm≥ Fs‚ sNdp∏Øn¬I≠n´p≈ Hmtcm ho´nsebpw BfpIsf Hm¿Øpt]mIp∂p.DSp∏v XIgnbnen√mbncp∂p. hntij Znhkßfn¬ BWpßfpsS thjw ap≠pw tXm¿ØpamWv. s]Æp߃ ]pShbpSpØvtXm¿Øp ]pXbv°pw. hoSpIfn¬ amdpadbv°msX F√m ]mb°mscbpw ImWmw. F∂mWv sNdp∏°mcnIƒ du°bnSm≥XpSßnbXv? IrXyamb Imew F\nt°m¿abn√. ]Xns\´pwCcp]Xp hbpw ]mbap≈ Hcp]mSv tN®nam¿ s\©sØmcp\qept]mepan√msX Fs‚ ap∂n¬-°qsS IS∂p t]mIp∂p.A∂h¿ Aßs\ \n¬°p∂Xn¬ F\ns°∂√, B¿°pw Hcph√mbvabpw tXm∂nbncp∂n√. C∂v Hm¿Ωbn¬ ]Xy£s∏Sptºmƒ F\n°p h√mbva tXm∂p∂p. A∂p Pohn®ncp∂AΩqΩam¿, A∏q∏∑m¿, t]cΩam¿, sIm®Ωam¿˛ tN®nam¿,tN´∑m¿˛ Chsc√mw Hmtcm ImetØmtcmcpØcmbn NmcambnaÆn\Snbnembn. Fs‚ ]mbØnep≠mbncp∂ IptdIq´pImcpw acn®p. ImtIen tIih≥ hb‰n¬ t\mshSpØpInS∂p ]pfbpIbmbncp∂p. R߃ Ifn®psIm≠p\n¬°ptºmgmWv Ah\v t\mhp XpSßnbXv. Ab¬-h°sØsIm®Ωamcpw t]cΩamcpw HØpIqSn BtemNn®v Hcp acp∂psImSpØp; HXfØns‚ Ipcp∂p hm´n∏ngn™ \ocv. tIih≥an≠msX InS∂p. ho´n¬ Aebpw X√pw \nehnfnbpambn.Ahs\ IpgnbnseSpØph®p aÆn´p aqSn. B IpgnamSØn¬sN∂p ]nt‰∂p cmhnse Rm≥ tIihs\ hnfn®p. Ah≥an≠nbn√.

Hm¿Ω 1111Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 11

Aßs\ Hmtcm ImeØmbn aÆSn™hcpsS PohnXNcybpw thZm¥hpa√ ]n∂oSp h∂ Xeapdbn¬ I≠Xv.ChnsS Nmb°Sbp≠mbn. X´n¬ CÕenbpw tZmibpw ASp°nbßs\ h®ncp∂p. NΩ¥nbpw XobepamWv CÕenbpsS IqsSsImSpØncp∂Xv. C∂sØt∏mse k©nbn¬ sh≈samgn®vHcp sR°pw sR°n s]m°Øn¬ ]nSn®v B‰p∂ G¿∏mSvIpd®pImew Ign™mWv XIgn I≠Xv. BZyw Icns∏´nbpwsImØa√nbpw tN¿∂ sh≈ambncp∂p CÕens°m∏wsImSpØncp∂Xv. ]ns∂ Nmbbmbn. cmhnse I™n IpSn®ncp∂h¿ Nmb°Sbnte°p amdn. BcmWmZyw Im∏n°SXpSßnbsX∂v F\n°p Xn´ambn ]dbm≥ IgnbpIbn√.

s]¨Ip´nIfpsSbnSbn¬ du° ]Ncn®Xv hfsc thKambncp∂p; B¨Ip´nIfpsSbnSbn¬ j¿´v ]Ncn®XvkmhImiØnepw. Rm≥ BZyambn HcpSp∏nSp∂Xv˛AXn\vj¿ v F∂p ]d™pIqSm˛Cw•ojv kv-Iqfn¬ tN¿∂t∏mgmWv.aßn shfpØp tIºncnØpWnsIm≠p Xp∂nb j¿´n\pw_\nb\pw CSbv°p≈ HcpXcw Ip∏mbw. AXv b¥Øn¬Xp∂nbXmtWm, AtXm ]mW∑m¿ ssIsIm≠p Xbv-®XmtWmF∂v Rm\nt∏mƒ Hm¿°p∂n√. du°bn´ s]Æp߃°vho´nse sXmgpØnse NmWIw hmcm≥ aSnbmbn. ]t£,h√hpsaSpØv Iq´pImcpsamØv ]mSsØ hcºn¬ ]p√psNØm≥ D’mlhpambncp∂p. j¿´nSm≥ XpSßnbh¿ NIwNhn´m≥ t]mbn√. Aßs\bmWv thjhn[m\Ønep≠mbam‰Øns‚ ]Xn^e\w PohnXØn¬ I≠Xv. \mb∑m¿ Btfmlcn hmßn At∏mƒØs∂ Hmlcn I®hSw sNbvXv j¿´nSm\pw mcy°p du° hmßn°m\pw B ]Ww hn\ntbmKn®p.B XI¿®bpsS \Sp°p\n∂p t\m°nbt∏mƒ ]e]e F´psI´pIfpw ]Xn\mdpsI´pIfpw s]mfn®p hn¬°p∂ ImgvNImWmambncp∂p. Hcp ZmbkºZmbØns‚, Hcp ]tXyIambkmºØnI kwhn[m\Øns‚ ]q¿Wamb XI¿® ImWm≥Ign™Xv Hcp henb Ahkcambn F\n°n∂p tXm∂p∂p.Rm≥ P\n°p∂Xns‚ c≠p Xeapd apºv Cu ]tZiw Fßs\bmbncp∂p? B At\zjWw F∂pw F\n°p≠mbncp∂p.

Cu ]tZiØv F∂mWv BZyambn Bƒ∏m¿∏p≠mbXv?FXsbX XeapdIfpsS icocw Zln® Nmchpw s]mSn™Aÿnbpw tN¿∂XmWo aÆv! C∂p Rm≥ ImWp∂Xpt]mseØs∂ hy‡ambn A∂sØ XIgn Kmahpw Fs‚a\nep≠v. C∂nhnsS\n∂p temIØns‚ GXp mKtØ°pw

lb¿ sk°‚dn12

hml\Øn¬ t]mImw. sSet^mWp≠v, Iºnbm∏okp≠v.an\n´n¬ an\n´n¬ XIgnbpsS amdpapdn®p t]mIp∂ tdmUn¬-°qSn _p Iƒ HmSp∂p, ImdpIƒ ]mbp∂p. ]≠v ]pdthenInS∂nSØv C∂v ]©mbØptdmUpIfmWv. AhnsS°qsSbpwImdpIƒ t]mIpw. XmaknbmsX _pIfpw HmSnØpSßpw.XIgn Xoh≠nbpKØns‚ ASpØpw FØn°gn™p. sshIn vXIgn ]tZiw apgph≥ IqSp∂ Aºe∏cnkcØvH‰apt≠mSpIqSn ImWmhp∂ Hcmƒ Rm≥ amXamWv. Rm≥amXta sNcp∏n √msX AhnsSbp≈q. ]m≥kpw j¿´pw C´sNdp∏°m¿ kvIq fnepw tImtfPnepsams° ]Tn°p∂hcmWv.Ah¿ GsX√mw hoSpIfnsebmsW∂v F\n°dn™pIqSm.Kucnt®®nbpsS sIm®ptam\mbncn°mw B \n¬°p∂Xv.\mWnt®®n°v Hcp aIfp≠mbncp∂p. aIfpsS aI\mbncn°mwB \oe ]m≥kpImc≥. Btcm Ft∂mSp ]d™p, B Nph∂]m≥kpw Nph∂ j¿´pan´ sNdp∏°mc≥sIm®pIm¿Øymb\nt®®n bpsS aIs‚ aI\msW∂v.kpµcnIfmb s]¨]nt≈¿ AºeØn¬ k‘y°p sXmgm≥hcpw. AhschnsSsØ sbms°bmWv? Cu \m´nep≈h¿Xs∂, kwiban√.

Fs‚ sNdp∏Ønep≈ kvXoIƒ°v CXbpw kuµcyan√mbncp∂p. AhcpsS a°fpsS a°ƒXs∂tbm Cu s]¨sIm®p߃? Cu B¨sIm®pßfpw? Ch¿s°¥p ssNX\yamWv! CsXßs\ ssIh∂p? Cu sNfnaÆn¬ a\pjy\vssNX\yw \¬Ip∂ B A⁄mXi‡n Ie¿∂ncpt∂m?XeapdXeapd apt∂m´p hcptºmƒ ssNX\yhpw i‡nbpwkuµcyhpw ]cnWmaIaØn¬ h¿[n°pIbmImw. HcºXpsIm√w IqSn Ignbptºmƒ CXns‚sb√mw XnIhv FhnsSs®∂p\n¬°pw? A∂v HcXypPze]Xn` Cu aÆn¬\n∂v Dbn¿s°mt≠°mw.

ssNX\yap≈ Cu sNdp∏°mcpambn ASpØnS]gIm≥F¥psImt≠m F\n°p Ignbp∂n√. AsXs‚ ZpxJamWv.AhcpsS temIØnte°p IS∂p sN√m≥ F\n°p km[n°p∂n√. kar≤amb IpSpabn¬\n∂p shdpw Im∏nseØnbF\n°v AhnsS \n¬°mt\ Ignbp∂p≈q; kvs‰∏v I´nte°vCdßm≥ Ignbp∂n√. ]pShbpapSpØv ssIap´phscbp≈Pmbv°‰pan v Ikhpt\cyXpaWn™p \n¬°p∂ s]ÆnemWvRm≥ kuµcyw I≠n´p≈Xv. C∂sØ Im©o]pcw kmcnbnepw thjhn[m\Ønse am®nßnepsams° ImWp∂ s]¨

Hm¿Ω 1313Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 13

Ip´nIƒ°v Cu \mSpambn Hcp _‘hpans√∂v Nnet∏mƒF\n°p tXm∂nt∏mIp∂p. Rm≥ H‰s∏Sp∂p. Rms\s‚ ]gbXIgn°mc\mWv.

ChnSsØ im¥n \„s∏´p; \mSns‚ kuµcyw t]mbn. \o¿t°men Xhfsb ]nSn°ptºmgp≈ XhfbpsS "Rm≥ t]mIpw'F∂ i–w tIƒ°m\n√. ]mSØns‚ A°scbp≈ ho´n¬\n∂v ]´nbpsS tam߬ tIƒ°mw. FhnsStbm acWap≠mIm≥ t]mIpIbmWv. Imes\ ImWptºmgmWv ]´n tamßmdp≈Xv! ]nt‰Znhkw FhnsSsb¶nepw acWap≠mtbm F∂vBfpIƒ ]gbImeØp Xnc°mdp≠mbncp∂p. Ct∏mƒ ]´ntamßnbm¬ Bcpw i≤n°mdn√. hml\ßfpsS i–tImemlew sIm≠v Ct∏mƒ Ddßm≥ Ignbp∂n√. ap‰Øp sh≈wIbdptºmƒ ao≥ sh´n∏nSn°mambncp∂p. C∂v sh≈s∏m°an√. NI∏m´p tIƒ°m\n√. sIm®ph≈sa∂m¬ Fs¥∂vChnsS\n∂p tImtfPn¬ t]mIp∂ Ip´nIƒ tNmZn®pXpSßnbncn°p∂p. Cu tdmUcnInep≈ ho´n¬ ]gb ImehpwHm¿ØpsIm≠v ]gb a\pjytcbpw Nn¥n®psIm≠v Rm≥IpØnbncn°pIbmWv. NohoSns‚ i–w t]mepw F\ns°mcpkvacWamXambn amdnbncn°p∂p.

(Hm¿ΩbpsS Xocßfn¬)

lb¿ sk°‚dn14

amXr-k-∂n-[m-\-Øn¬

bmwtKm≥ \K-c-Ønse c≠mwZn\ kp]`mXw Rm≥ ImWp-∂Xv, tamw Pn√-bn-te°v IpXn-°p∂ hml-\-Øns‚ KXn-th-KsØ ]nf¿∂v hml-\-Øns‚ IÆm-Sn-bn-eqsS tNm¿∂n-d-ßp∂]pe¿sh- -Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.

\Kcw FX ImXw ]n∂n- p-sh∂ Xn´w F\n-°n-√m-bn-cp-∂p.h≠ntbm-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ kplrØv aplvbp±o≥jm-bpsSkl-]h¿ØI≥ ]d-bp-∂Xp tI´p, bmwtKm-\ns‚ AXn¿ØnIS-°m-dm-bn. kam-¥-c-ambn \o≠p-\o≠pt]mIp∂ sslth]pXp-Xmbn cq]w-sIm-≈p∂ Iym∏n-‰¬ \K-cØns‚ \n¿am-W-tI-µ-Øn-te-°mWp sN√p-∂-Xv. bmwtKm-\n\p ]Icw as‰mcp\K-cn. ]´m-f-ta-[mhnbpsS ]pXnb c-W-]-cn-jvIm-c-b-Xv\-߃.c≠mw temI-bp-≤-Øn\p tijw `c-W-cw-KsØ Xmdp-am-dmbAh-ÿ-Iƒ am‰n-a-dn®p ho≠pw ]gb _¿a-bpsS ]pXp-bp-K-ssN-X\yw ]p\x-kr-jvSn-°m-\p≈ ]cn-i-a-߃.

h≠n HmSn-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ ap≥`m-KsØ ko‰n¬ Ccn-°p∂kKo-dn-t\m-SmWv bp≤m-\-¥-c-_¿a-bpsS Zpc-h-ÿ-Iƒ amdnaym≥a-dns‚ apJw ]k-∂-am-hp-∂-Xns‚ ]km-Z-N-e-\-߃Hmtcm∂pw Nq≠n-°m-Wn®v At±lw s]men-∏n®p]d-bp-∂-Xv.bmXm-h≠n At∂cw ssZ¿Ly-ta-dnb Hcp ]me-Øns‚ apI-fn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p IpXn®-Xv. AXns‚ ssIh-cn-Iƒ°∏pdØmbnImWp∂ d¶q¨\-Znbpw \Zn-°n-cp-]p-dØpw ImWmb wKn-tb-dnb sNdp-sI-´n-S-ßfpw Nq≠n Rß-sf-√m-hcpw tIƒs°kplrØv ]d™p: ""bp≤-Øn\ptijw Ct∏m-gsØ k¿°m¿]WnX ]me-am-W-Xv. ]gb ]me-Øns‚ Ah-in-jvS-߃ AXmA∏p-dØv DW-ßn-Øq-ßn-°n-S-°p-∂Xv I≠n-t√. Pm∏v hnam-\-߃ t_mw_n´p XI¿Ø ]mew˛ sN\n-bm≥ _nUvPv;]p\¿\n¿an-°-s∏´ sN\n-bm≥ _nUvPv.''

bp. F.- Jm-Z¿

Hm¿Ω 1515Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 15

]me-Øns‚ adp-I-c-bnse hni-a-tI-µ-Øn¬ Ib-dn. ]mX¬X¶-øm¨ hnt√-Pnse B[p-\nIcoXn-bn¬ kµ¿i-I¿°mbn Hcp-°n-h® dntkm¿´n¬ B-Im-sa∂v kmc-Yn-bp-]-tZ-in-®p.

AXym-I¿j-I-ambn Ae-¶-cn®v Hcp-°nb dntkm¿´nse It -bn-en-cp∂p ]mX¬ AI-Øm-°p-tºmgpw a\p\ndsb _n√o≥X-s∂-bm-Wv. F√m aym≥a¿ ImgvN-Ifpw Fs∂ s]‰n´ qtem-I-Ønse GI-bnSw I≠n´paXn-sb-∂mWv D≈nse ]øs‚ imTyw.

Nm]eyw\nd-™-hs‚ Zp»m-Ty-߃°p hg-ßn-sb∂ a´n¬tamw Pn√-bn-te-°p≈ bmX XpS¿∂p.

bmX-bv°n-S-bn¬, bp≤-Øn¬ ac-W-a-S™ c‡-km-£n-Iƒ°p Nnc-kva-c-W-sb-∂ -a- n¬ Np‰pw aXnepw CcpºpIºn-th-enbpw AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb coXn-bn¬ \n¿an® ]qap-J-tK‰pwtdmUns‚ Hcp-h-i-Ømbn I≠p. D≈nse c‡-km-£n-a-WvU-]hpw IÆn¬s∏- p. kmc-Yn-bpsS sNdp-hn-h-c-Whpw GXm\pwan\n-‰p-Iƒ AhnsS h≠n \n¿Ø-Wtam F∂ tNmZyhpw Db¿∂-t∏mƒ, ""AsXm-s°-bn\n Xncn-®p-h-c-hn¬'' Ft∂m at‰m Btcm\n¿tZ-in°p-∂Xp tI´p. ]`mXw IqSp-X¬ ]Im-i-am-\ambnØo¿∂-Xn-\m¬ ]pdw-Im-gvN-Iƒ, Hm -∏m-®n-en-\n-S-bn¬ an∂n-a-d-bp∂ Zriy-߃ amX-am-hp-I-bm-Wv.

Hcn-SØpw XßmsX HmSn-°n-X-®m¬ amXta AXbpw ZqcsØP∑ÿew shbn-em-dp-wap-ºm-sb-¶nepw IÆn¬s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈p-.]n∂n´pad-bp∂ Hmtcm P\-]-Y-hpw a\-n¬ ]s≠-t∏mtgmI≠p-io-en® cwK-ß-fpsS ]p\-cm-h¿Ø-\-ambn sXfn-bp-I-bm-W-t√m. AtX Irjn-bn-S-߃, hr£-\n-_n-U-amb ae-b-Sn-hm-c-߃, CS-bv°nsS ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ sNdp -\-K-c-ho-Yn-Iƒ, ac-°m-ep-I-fm¬ \n¿an-X-ß-fmb I®hS-∏o-Sn-I-Iƒ, BƒXma-k-ap≈ hoSp-Iƒ, _p≤-a-Xm-\p-bm-bn-I-fmb ap\n-am-cpsS Iq -߃,kz¿W-Øm-gn-I-°p-S-ßsf ]I¬]- -bn¬ Ipfn-∏n®p \nh¿∂p\n¬°p∂ s]tKm-U-Iƒ.

hgn-b-cn-Inse `fim-c-∏p-c-Iƒ. A]-cn-Nn-XXzw H´pwtXm∂mØ ImgvN°uXp-I-ßsf hnkva-b-°-Æp-I-fm¬ Igp-In-bm-Wt√m Chs‚ bmX.

bmX-bn¬ XpW-bmbn t]m∂-h-sc-sb√mw Ah-c-h-cpsS ImgvN-Iƒ°pw ÿe-Xm-c-X-ay- hn-i-I-e-\-߃°pw hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øv, AXn-sem∂pw ]¶p-tN-cmsX hml-\-Øns‚ ]nd-In-esØ ko‰n¬Nmcn-bn-cp-∂v, aSn-bn¬ Ncn-®p-h® q]-S-Øn-te°pw CS-bv°n-Sbv°v

lb¿ sk°‚dn16

IÆn¬s∏-Sp∂ \nc-tØm-c-Zr-iy-ß-fn-te°pw ItÆm-Sn®v hml-\-Øns‚ kmc-Yn-tbmSv Dds° tNmZn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p: ""\ΩpsSXmh-f-Øn-se-Øm-dm-tbm, C\n-sbX HmSWw?''

Aao-dnt\m hml-\-Øns‚ apI-fn-en-cp∂v _¿am- m-j-bn¬ Xpcp-Xpcm h¿Ø-am\w ]d™p ckn-°p∂ Abm-fpsS Nßm-Xnt°mIWn-i-ambn H∂pw ]d-bm≥ ]‰p-∂n-√. Ah¿ Cu hgn°v BZy-ambn hcp-∂-h-cm-Wv.

bmwtKm-\n¬\n∂v tamƒssa≥ SuWn-te°p bmX-t]m-tI≠Imcy-sam∂pw Ah¿°n-√-t√m. IzmbvIvtXm\Zn-bpsS IpdpsIc≠mw temI-bp-≤m-\-¥cw ]WnX AØ-bm≥]m-e-Øns‚ssZ¿Lyw Xm≠n Hcp bmX Ah¿ k¶¬∏n-®p-t]m-ep-an-√.k¶¬∏-ko-a-Iƒ°-∏p-d-tØ°p P∑-tZiw tXSn-sb-Ønb HcpbmX-°m-cs‚ at\m-\ne Duln®v h≠n-tbm-Sn-°m-\p≈ \ntbm-Kw. AXns‚ hcpw-h-cm-bvI-I-fnse Ib-‰n-d-°-ß-sf-°p-dn-®m-hptamF\n-°-dn-bmØ Fs‚ amXr- m-jbn¬ Ah-cn-cp-hcpw an≠n-∏-d-bp-∂Xpw Nncn-°p-∂-Xpw.

F\n-°-dn-bn-√, aym≥a-dnse taman-s\-°p-dn-®p-Xs∂ IqSp-X¬IqSp-X-embn Rm≥ NnI-™p-t\m-°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. c≠p Pn√-I-fmWv taman-ep-≈-Xv. Ccp-]-Øn-b©p e£-Øn-tesd hcp∂P\-kw-Jy; ]Xn-s\m∂p \K-c-߃; ]Øp Su¨jn-∏p-Iƒ.bmwtKm-\n¬\n-∂p≈ ][m\ ]mX BZyw sNs∂-ØpI Xtbm-tSm¨ Pn√-bn-te-°mWv. Xtbm-tSm¨ Pn√-bnse IzmbvIvtXmSu¨ Ign-™m-se-Øp∂ ][m\ tIµ-amWv Fs‚ ]nd-hn-ÿm-\w. Pohn-°p-Ibpw ]W-bn-°p-Ibpw ]k-hn-°p-IbpwsNbvX aÆn-Sw. q]-S-tc-J-bn-eqsS \nc-ßn-\o-ßp∂ Fs‚ IÆp-Iƒ Xd-™p-\n-∂p. A£-c-߃ Hmtcm∂pw Rm≥ hmbn-®p˛_n√o≥. ImgvN-ÿm-\-ß-fmbn taman¬ thsdbpw Iptd ÿe-ß-fp-≠v. AsXm∂pw ImWm-\p≈ kmh-Imiw Hcm-gvN-°m-esØbmXm-\p-aXn amX-ap-≈h\p km[n-°p-I-bn-s√-∂-dn-bmw.

]md-∏p-dsØ alm-Zv`p-Xw-t]mse kz¿W-Z-e-ß-fm¬ Xmßn-\n¿Ø-s∏´ io_p-≤s‚ Xncp-ti-jn-∏p-Iƒ kq£n-°p∂s]tKm-U. Xo¿Ym-S-I-e-£-߃ Z¿i-\-ku- mKyw Imw£n®vFØ-s∏-Sp∂ Ahn-S-a-√t√m Fs‚ e£yw.

hnZyp-—‡n hnX-c-W-tI-µ-amb kn¶n-ssb-°v, \K-¥-bn¬F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ aym≥a-dns‚ ]pXnb ]´m-f- -c-W-IqSw G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb ]cn-jvIm-c-kw-cw- -߃ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂ At\z-

Hm¿Ω 1717Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 17

j-Whpw Fs‚ bmtXm-t±-iy-a-√. B¥-am≥˛\ntIm-_m¿ Zzo]p-I-fpsS Zqc-°mgvN Bkz-Zn-°m-\mbn tamƒssa≥ Xpd-ap-J-sØ-Ø-Ww. IzmbvIvtXm\Zn-bn¬ tXmWn-∏p-c-I-fn¬ hym]m-c-®¥-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ Kmao-W-X-cp-Wn-Isf t\m°n \pW-™m-kz-Zn®vAh-cp-ambn Ipi-e-߃ ]d™p Nncn-®v....

Fs‚ ]nXm-hn-s\-t∏m-se, Fs‚ AΩ-sb-t∏mse Pohn-X-Øns‚ Xmcp-Wy-kv]-µ-ßsf Xmtem-en®v Iptd \mfp-Iƒ sNe-h-gn-°m≥! A√, AXn-s\m-∂p-a-√t√m IpSpw-_-k-taXw Ch≥CXbpw Zqcw... s]s´∂v \nc-tØm-c-Øn¬, Ia-\o-b-ambn Ae-¶-cn-s®m-cp-°nb Hcp ]Sn-∏p-cbpw aXn-en-\-I-Ømbn A©mdpkz¿W-Øm-gn-I-°p-S-ßsf inc-n-te‰n \n¬°p∂ GXm\pws]tKmUkvXw -ßfpw Fs‚ IÆn¬s∏- p.

Ft¥m Hcp Dƒhn-fn. ""hml\w ChnsS \n¿Ø-Ww''˛ ]n≥ko‰n-en-cp∂p Rm≥ Dds° hnfn-®p-]-d-™-t∏mƒ hml\w \nc-Øp-h-°-Øp-\n∂v A¬∏w CS-tØm´pamdn tdmU-cp-In¬ \n∂p.tUm¿ Xpd∂v F√m-hcpw ]pd-tØ°v A¬∏-t\cw Cd-ßn-\n¬°Ww F∂p ]d-™-X-\p-k-cn®v IpSpw-_hpw Iq´p-Im-cmbnh∂-hcpw hml-\-Øn¬\n-∂n-d-ßn. Hcp \o≠ bmX-bn¬ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw hml\w \n¿Øn A¬∏w hni-an-°-W-sa∂ Nn¥-bn-emhmw Rm\-ßs\ ]d-™Xv F∂mbn-cp∂p kKo-dns‚[mcW.

hml-\-Øn¬\n∂p ]pd-tØ-°n-d-ßn-b-h≥, ap≥]n≥ Ku\n-°m-sX, BtcmSpw H∂pw Dcn-bm-Sm-sX, \nc-tØm-c-Ønse I∑-Xn-en\p ap∂nse Iam-\hpw IS∂p ]Sn-Iƒ Nhn- n-°-b-dn-t∏m-Ip-∂Xp I≠m-hWw, kKodpw t]c-°p-´nbpw A\p-N-c-∑m-cmbnh∂ Xangv kplr-Øp-°fpw Fs∂ A\p-K-an-®p.

ImWm≥ IuXp-I-ap≈, HXp-ßnb coXn-bn¬ ]WnX s]tKm-Ubpw AXn\p sXm -cn-In-embn aT-∏p-c-Ifpw `P-\-tI-µ-ß-fp-amWv Ahn-sS-bp-≈-Xv. \nc-Øn-\-∏p-dsØ \Zn-°-c-bp-sSb-°scCS-Xq¿∂ h\w. Dƒ∏-®-∏n¬ t]m°p-sh-bn¬\m-f-ß-tf‰p]Imin-°p∂ Iptd-tbsd s]tKm-U-kvXw- -߃ BIm-i-\oen-a-bn-te°p hnc¬ Nq≠n Db¿∂p-\n¬°p-∂p.

IzmbvIvtXm\Zn-bmWv Hcp t\¿Ø tcJ-bmbn Hgp-In-sbm-gpIn\oßp-∂-sX∂pw Ft∂m-Smtcm ]d-bp-∂p. Ip´n-°mew a\-n¬h‰msX \ne-\n¿Ønb \o¿Ø-S-Zr-iy-߃, \ocm-hn-b-S-cp-Iƒ am‰nsXfn-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se... Hcp kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb ImgvN. ]q¿h-kvac-W-Isf a\-n¬ Infn¿Øp∂ GsXm-s°tbm AS-bm-f-ap-Z-Iƒ.

lb¿ sk°‚dn18

_p≤-k-∂ym-kn-th-j-ß-f-Wn™ GXm\pw Ip´n-Iƒ Fs‚ap∂n-se-Øn; Gtgm Ft´m hb-p-amXw tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ ap\n-Ip-am-c-∑m¿. Ah-cpsS apJhpw Rms\s‚ kq£n-∏p-ap-X-embn,kvamc-I-Nn-”-ambn Icp-X-tem-sS- kq-£n-®p-h® Ip´n-°m-e-Nn-X-hp-ambn kmayw h√-Xp-ap-t≠m-sb-∂-dn-bm-\p≈ IuXp-I-am-hmw,Fs‚ _mKnse kn_v Xpd∂p t]c-a-I≥ il-_m≥ B ]gbt^mt´m ]pd-sØ-Sp-Øp.

bmX-bn¬ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw ]tbm-P-\-s∏Spw F∂ ]Xo-£-tbmsS ]gb B¬_-Øn¬\n∂v B NnXw Z-am-sb-SpØvRm≥ b-en¬ h®n- p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ip´n-°m-eØv, Ggmw hb-n-em-sW-∂mWv Hm¿Ω, tImgn-t°m v sambvXo≥]≈n tdmUn¬,A°m-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ IrjvW≥ \mb¿ ÃpUn-tbm-bn¬\n-∂p-sa-SpØ Fs‚bpw ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw Hcp ªm°v B≥Uv ssh‰vNnXw.

Adp-]-Xm-≠n\ptijhpw aßm-sX, NnX-e-cn-°msX Fs‚]gb B Hm¿Ω®nXw bmXm-th-f-bn¬ Rm≥ Icp-X-temsS b-en¬ Xncp-In-h-bv°p-∂Xv Ah≥ i≤n-®n- p-≠v.

NnX-Ønse ]Xn™ aq°pw Cdp-ßnb IÆpw ap∂n¬ ]Xy-£-s∏´ ap\n-Ip-am-c-∑m-cpsS apJ-ß-fnepw Ah≥ IuXp-I-tØmsS ImWp-I-bm-Wv.

s]tKm-U-bpsS Iam-\-s°-´n\p XmgsØ ]S-hp-I-fn¬Ah¿s°m∏w \n¬°p∂ Hcp NnXw Ah¿ Iyma-d-bn¬]I¿Øn. Ft¥m, Rm≥ \n¬°p-∂Xv Fs‚ _mey-Øns‚Ime-Sn-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ]Xn™ aÆn-em-W-t√m-sb∂ Dƒt_m-[yw.

FX bmZr-—n-I-am-bmWv apI-fn-en-cn-°p-∂-h≥ At±-l-Øns‚AZv p-X-I-c-ß-fm¬ Hmtcm Icp-°fpw \o°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv!Rm≥ \n¬°p-∂Xp Rms\-Øn-s∏-Sm≥ BK-ln-t®-S-Øp-X-s∂-bm-W-t√m. \nc-Øns‚ sXm -∏p-d-Ømbn, AXp-h-scbpw ZrjvSn-bn¬ ]Xn-bm-Xn-cp∂ Hcp ÿe-\ma ]Z¿i-\-∏-eI Fs‚ t]c-°p´n F\n°p ImWn-®p-X-∂p. Ahs‚ sIm®p-hn-c¬ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n-S-tØ°p IpSpw_w H∂msI t\m°n-b-t∏mƒImWp∂p. Nph∂ ]e-I-bn¬ kz¿W\nd-Øn-ep≈ _¿am-en-]n-Iƒ.

sXep-¶p- m-j-bnse A£-c-ß-fp-ambn kmZr-iy-ap≈ en]n-Iƒ.AXn¬ \ndsb kzmK-tXm-‡n-Iƒ; kµ¿i-I¿°p Znim-t_m[wDW¿Øp∂ ÿe-kq-Nn-I-Iƒ. \Sp-hn¬ Cw•njv en]n-I-fn¬

Hm¿Ω 1919Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 19

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-sX-s¥∂v Dds° hmbn-°m≥ F\n°p km[n-®n-√.

CXp ImWm-\m-W-t√m, Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ CXbpwImewIgn-™v, imco-cn-I-ku-Jym-ku-Jy-߃ hI-h-bv°msXRms\-Øn-s∏- -Xv. t]c-°p´n A£-c-߃ hnS¿Øn-hn-S¿ØnHmtcm∂pw Xd-∏n®p samgn™v Dds° ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p:"BILLIN'˛ _n√n≥.

F¥v ]d-tb-≠q, F¥n\n th≠q F∂-dn-bm-Ø-hÆw IÆp-\n-d®v Rm\-ßs\ Hgp°p \ne-®-h-s\-t∏mse \n∂p. ]gbHcp Ihn-h-N\w a\-n¬ apg-ßn: ""\Zn AXns‚ kjvSm-hns‚ka-£-Øn-¶-se-Øn-b-t∏mƒ kvX_v[-bm-bn, Hgp°v \ne-®-h-fm-bn, F¥n\n th≠q F∂-dn-bm-Ø-h-sf-t∏mse \n›ew \n∂p-t]m-bn.''

(Hm¿ΩI-fpsS s]tKmU)

lb¿ sk°‚dn20

kvarXn-]Yw

1988-¬ dneokv sNbvX "ag°mc≥' (The Rain Man) F∂ Ne-®n-X-Øn\v ]Øp]¥≠v A°mZan Ahm¿UpIƒ In´nbn´p≠v.Hcp h√mØ Hm¿Ω°mcs‚ kn≤nIfpsS IYbmWnXv.Nm¿enbpsS [\nI\mb A—≥ acn®t∏mƒ Nm¿en°p In´nbXvHcp ]gb _yqIv Imdpw sNdnb Hcp tdmkv DZym\hpw amXw.At\zjn®p sN∂t∏mgmWv Adnbp∂Xv, X\n°v AXphscAdn™pIqSmXncp∂ Hcp A¿[ktlmZc≥ IqSnbps≠∂pwAbmƒ°mWv A—s‚ ap∏Xp tImSn tUmf¿ In´p∂sX∂pw.AsXßs\sb¶nepw ASn®pam‰m≥ ]Wns∏´ Nm¿fnFØns∏Sp∂Xv Hcp am\knItcmKmip]XnbnemWv. AhnsSHcp "Hm´nÃn°mb' (Autistic) BfmWv Xmakn®ncp∂Xv.sIm®p∂mfn¬ Hcn°¬ A—s‚ _yqIv Im¿ Iq´pImcpambnHfns®SpØp sIm≠pt]mb Nm¿fnsb t]meokns\s°m≠v]nSn∏n® A—t\mSp≈ hmin°v hoSphn´ndßnb Nm¿fn°ptXm∂n, X\n°pw IqSn AhImis∏´ Imiv X´m≥ sdbva≠ns\Iq´p]nSnt® ]‰q F∂v. sdbva≠ns\bpw sIm≠ndßnb Nm¿fnBZyw sN∂ps]´sXms° ]iv-\ßfnembncp∂p. Xosc]Xo£n°msXbmWv "a≠\mb' sdbva≠ns‚ Ahnizk\obamb Hm¿Ωi‡n Nm¿fn Adnbp∂Xv. NqXpIfn°m\pwhmXp hbv°m\psams°bp≈ h√mØ _p≤n Nm¿fnapXseSpØp. ]t£, c≠paq∂mgvN Ign™v sdbva≠ns\Xncn®v Bip]Xnbnemt°≠nh∂t∏mƒ Nm¿fn°vsdbva≠ns‚ Imi√, kv-t\lw amXta th≠nbncp∂p≈q.

CØcw Hcp IYsbgpXWsa¶n¬ AXn\v Bkv]ZambnHcmfp≠mhWw. AXpsIm≠mWv Rm≥ bYm¿Y "ag°mcs‚'IY Adnbm≥ ian®Xv. "ag°mcs‚' IYmIrØmb _mcntamtdm (Barry Morrow) AØcw Hcmsf I≠n´p≠mbncp∂p.

tUm. sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥ \mb¿

Hm¿Ω 2121Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 21

1951- ¬ kmƒ v te°v \KcØn¬ P\n® Inw ]o°ns‚ (1951-˛2009) kn≤nIƒ I≠n´mWv ag°mcs\∂ IYm]mXsØ_mcn tamtdm kr„n®Xv. Inw ]o°ns‚ PohnXhpambnbmsXmcp _‘hpan√mØ Hcp IYbmWv _mcn tamtdm FgpXnbXv. Hcp]mSv Hm´nÃnIv khmßpIfpsS coXnIƒ H´n®ptN¿ØHcp I¬∏nXIY. _p≤n Af°p∂ sF.Iyq (IntelligenceQuotient) ]Imcw Inw ]o°n\v I„n®v 87 amXw. icn°p≈_p≤nbf°m≥ AsXX t]mcmØsX∂v AdnbWsa¶n¬ Inw]o°ns‚ IY hmbn®m¬ aXn. "kb‚n^nIv Atacn°≥'(Scientific American, December 2005) amknIbn¬ Inw]o°ns\°pdn®v Hcp Zo¿LteJ\w D≠v. At±lØns‚kplrØp°ƒ°v B A≥]Øn\mepImc≥ Inw ]o°√,Iºyq´¿ BWv.

]Xns\´p amkw apX¬ hmbn®ptI´ ]pkvXIßsfms°Inw ]o°n\p lrZnÿw. hmbn®pXpSßnb \mƒ apX¬ F´p]Øv sk°≥Uv aXn, Hcp t]Pv hmbn°m≥. AXv AXpt]mseXebn¬ Xßpw, At∏mƒØs∂. 9000 ]pkvXI߃ Hcpt]Ppt]mepw ad°msX C∂v Xebnep≠v. Atacn°≥ NcnXw,`qanimkvXw, kv-t]kv KthjW߃, kv-t]m¿Svkv, kmlnXyw,ss__nƒ, kn\na, tjIv-kv]nb¿ XpSßnb ]Xn\t©mfwC„hnjb߃. ¢mkn°¬ kwKoXaS°w ]eXnepw Xm¬∏cyw ]pXnbXmbn D≠mhp∂p. heXpw CSXpw akvXnjv-I`mKßsf LSn∏n°p∂ tIm¿∏kvItemkw P∑\mbn√mØInw ]o°ns‚ IY AZv pXamWv. "ag°mc≥' NnXØn\ptijwInw ]o°ns‚ ]ikvXn ]Xn∑Sßmbn. R߃°p Xm¬∏cyw,Ft¥ Cßs\sb∂pw. Cßs\bp≈ Ht´sd t]¿ temIØp]ebnSØpw Ds≠∂Xpw t\cv. _n´ojpImc\mb Um\nb¬Ssa‰pw (Daniel Tammet) ^©pImc\mb AeIv-kn setadpw(Alexis Lemaire) IW°nse IfnIfn¬ temIsd°m¿UpIƒXI¿ØhcmWv.

Hm´nkw (Autism) Hcp ]tlfnIbmWv. CXns‚ h√mØs]m√m∏pIƒ Rm\nhnsS hnhcn°p∂n√. _p≤namµysa∂ptXm∂psa¶nepw CXns‚ ][m\s∏´ ]iv-\w HcpXcw Dt≈m´pIÆpw A\ytcmSp ]XnIcn°m\p≈ sshapJyhpw Ignhn√mbvabpamWv. C°q´cn¬ GItZiw ]ØpiXam\w t]¿°vAhnizk\obamb Nne IgnhpIfp≠mbncn°pw. Nne¿°vIW°n¬, Nne¿°v IeIfn¬, Nne¿°v Hm¿ΩIfn¬. `qWmhÿbn¬ akvXnjv-IØns‚ an° `mKßfpw hnIkn°msX

lb¿ sk°‚dn22

hcpw. A]q¿hw Nne mK߃ ChbpsS CSbv°v XpcpØpIƒt]mse kmam\yw hfcpIbpw sNøpw. Np‰pap≈ mKßfpsSkwba\w H∂pw In´msX Cu XpcpØpIƒ A]q¿h kn≤nIƒssIhcn°pw. hniIe\Øns\m∂pw hgßmØ Xohamb,A\pkyqXamb ]h¿Ø\£aX.

hfsc A]q¿hamb tcmKamWv "hneywkv kn≥tUmw.'Ign™ \m¬∏Xp sIm√Øn\Iw Rm≥ BI∏msS CØcwc≠pt]sc amXta I≠n´p≈q. NnX]pkvXIØn¬ ImWp∂Ip´n®mØs‚ ]SsØ A\pkvacn∏n°p∂ Ipdnb cq]w, Iq¿ØapJw, aßnb IÆpIƒ, B\s®hnIƒ, tXºnb ssIImepIƒ.]t£, AXnibIcamb tIt´m¿aIƒ. ]m´pIƒ Hcn°¬tI´m¬ Ah¿°v Ah AXpt]mse a\n¬ tXm∂pw.AhbpsS Syq¨ amXa√, hcnIfpw CuWßfpw BtcmlWmhtcmlWßfpw Xpeyambn ]nSns®Sp°pw. ]m´nt\mSv Ch¿ImWn°p∂ aaX Bscbpw B›cys∏SpØpw. Ah¿ aWn°qdpItfmfw ]m´ptIƒ°pw , CuW߃ aqfpw. hnizkn°m≥]bmkamb Xmft_m[w. ]Tn® ]m´pIsfm∂pw ad°pIbpan√.kXyØn¬ ]m´n¬ amXa√, mjbnepw ImWpw XnIhv. ]t£,a‰p≈hbnemWv ]iv-\w. hm°pIƒ kar≤amsW¶nepwFgpXm≥ \t∂ hnjaw. IW°mWv Ah¿°p Xosc ]‰mØXv.A©n¬ \n∂v aq∂pt]mbm¬ FXsb∂p tNmZn®mepw ]I®p\n¬°pw. sF.Iyq. shdpw 50- 55 hscsbms° amXw.

temIØnse G‰hpw ]kn≤bmb hneywkv kn≥tUmwtcmKn A≥]Ønc≠pImcnbmb t•mdnb set\m^v BWv.Ccp]Ønb©p mjIfnep≈ c≠mbncØnb™qdp ]m´pIƒbmsXmcp sX‰pw IqSmsX AXnat\mlcambn ]mSm≥ Ahƒ°pIgnhp≠v. Fs‚ Hcp hneywkv kn≥tUmw tcmKn°p aebmfwamXta Adnbq. Ht´sd aebmfw ]m´pIfdnbmw, ]gbhbpw]pXnbhbpw. ]t£, B Km\ßfpsS cNbnXmhmsct∂mKm\kwhn[mbIcmsct∂m H∂pw Adn™pIqSm ]mhØn\v.c≠masØ tcmKn°pw ]m´pIƒ Hcp]mSv Adnbmw. ]mSpw\∂mbn. ]t£, AhfpsS Km\kn≤n FXI≠ps≠∂vF\n°dn™pIqSm; Adnbm≥ am¿Khpan√. ]mSptºmƒ AhƒInXbv°pw, izmkw ap´n Npabv°pw. hneywkv kn≥tUmanseIqSpX¬ ]bmkap≠m°p∂ ]iv-\w lrZbhm¬hpIfpsSbpwlrZbt]inIfpsSbpw P∑\m D≈ tISpIfmWv.

Hm¿Ω 2323Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 23

Ign™ ap∏Ø©p sIm√ambn Rm≥ NnIn’n°p∂\s√mcp ]¶v tcmKnIfpsSbpw ][m\ ]iv-\w adhnbmWv.BZysams° \ΩpsS Bƒ°m¿°pw A¬ssja¿ tcmKw hcpsa∂p ]d™t∏mƒ hnizkn°m≥ \ΩpsS tUmIvS¿am¿ Xbmdmbncp∂n√. ]ns∂ A¬ssja¿ tcmKØn\v Hcp kwLS\hsc Cu tIcfØnep≠mbn. Rm≥ ]Tn°m≥ ian®XvHm¿Ωsb°pdn®mbncps∂¶nepw Adn™Xv H´pap°mepwadhnsb°pdn®mbncp∂p.

XpS°hpw HSp°hpw icn°dnbns√¶nepw CSbv°p≈ Iptdhnhc߃ Hm¿Ωsb°pdn®v Adnhmbn´p≠v. GItImiPohnIƒ°p apX¬ Hm¿aIfps≠∂v kΩXn°Ww. AhP\nXIambn In´nbXmWv. shfn®Ønte°p t]mIm\pwCcp´nte°v Hfn°m\pw Ccsb tXSm\pw CWsb]m]n°m\pap≈ coXnIsf°pdn®p≈ Hm¿ΩIƒ.Bbncambncw ssaepIƒ sX‰msX ]d∂psN∂v CWtN¿∂v,tNt°dn, ap´bn´v Ip™pßsf hncnbn®v hf¿Øn ]ns∂]dØns°m≠p t]mIp∂ ]dhIfpsS Hm¿Ωbpsams° \nmcamt°≠.

]cnWmaØns‚ G‰hpw Xe∏Øp \n¬°p∂ a\pjyakvXnjv-IØnse Hm¿aIfmWv Ipds®¶nepw Adnbp∂Xv. BAdnhpIƒ Xs∂ arKßsf Iim∏p sNbv-Xpw a\pjyakvXnjvIßfpsS tcmKmhÿIfn¬\n∂v Dulns®SpØXpwBWv. Hm¿aIfpsS BZysØ Bÿm\w akvXnjv-IØnseenw_nIv tem_v BWv. shdpw ]mIrXamb ]mKvakvXnjv-IØn\v (Archepallium) BsI th≠nbncp∂Xv \mep [¿a߃amXw: BIan°pI, Hfn°pI, Ccsb tXSpI, CWsbt`mKn°pI.

]cnWmaw ]ns∂bpw h∂t∏mƒ Hm¿ΩIƒ°pw hnImc߃°pw th≠nbp≈ akvXnjv-I`mK߃ hnIkn®ph∂p(Palleopallium). ho≠pap≈ ]cnWmaØn¬ h∂XmWv c≠phitØ°pw hfsc hnimeambn hf¿∂ph∂ \hakvXnjvIw(Neo cortex). ]cnWmaØn¬ ]mKvakvXnjv-IØns‚bpw\hakvXnjv-IØns‚bpw CSbv°v Aßs\ s]´pt]mbn hnImcakvXnjv-Iw. AXpsIm≠mWv Cu mKsØ ]m¥-akvXnjv-Iw(Limbic Lobe) F∂p hnfn°p∂Xv. akvXnjv-I[¿aßfpsSN¿®bn¬ Cu enw_nIvtem_ns‚ Imcy߃ t]¿Øpwt]¿Øpw h∂pt]mIpw.

lb¿ sk°‚dn24

\hakvXnjv-IØns‚ ][m\ [¿aw AdnbpI F∂XpamXa√, B AdnhpIsfms° GtIm]n∏n®v ka\zbhpwkwba\hpw sNbvXv th≠X coXnbn¬ amXap≈ ]XnIcWwD≠m°pI F∂XpamWv. akvXnjv -IØns‚ GtXXp`mKßfn¬ BWv Cu Hm¿ΩIsfsbms° IpSnbncpØnbncn°p∂sX∂v ]q¿Wambn Adnhmbn´n√. enw_nIvtem_nƒBWv sshImcnIkz`mhap≈h. t^m≠t√m_n¬ ]ns∂Ht´sd. Ah kwba\Øn\v DXIp∂hbpw. ipXnIƒ sSw]d¬tem_n¬. Zriy߃ akvXnjv-IØns‚ ]n∂mºpdØv HmIv-kn]n‰¬ tem_n¬. s]mXpth Cßs\sbms° ]dbmsa¶nepwChbpsSsbms° BIØpIbmWv ][m\w. Ft¥m¿an®mepwakvXnjv-IØns‚ ]e ÿeßfn¬ \n∂pap≈ ]tNmZ\-ßfn¬ H∂v DWcpw. tZjyhpw oXnbpw k¶Shpw kuµcyhpwkulrZhpsams° \nanjm¿[wsIm≠v Hm¿aIsfDgn™pt\m°nbn´mWv t_m[Ønte°p ISØnhnSp∂Xv.HcpamXncn Imcyßsfm∂pw H‰bv°v Hm¿°pIbn√km[mcWbmbn.

]Tn®Xv a\n¬ \ne\n¿Øm\pw th≠t∏msgms° hos≠Sp°m\pap≈ IgnhmWv Hm¿Ω. Hm¿Ω ]e XcØnemWv. CµnbkvarXnbpw (Sensory Memory) lkzkvarXnbpw (Short termMemory) h¿Øam\kvarXnbpw (Working Memory)NnckvarXnbpw (Long term Memory) BWnh.

\n›bambpw Hm¿Ωbn¬ \n¿ØWsa∂v Xm¬∏cys∏Sp∂ns√¶n¬ \Ωƒ ImWp∂Xp an°Xpw Im¬ sk°t‚("It≠m¿Ω') a\n¬ Xßq. tI´Xv c≠p\mep sk°≥Upw(tIt´m¿Ω). ]t£, i≤ sImSp°pIbmsW¶n¬ Cu IW°vamdpw. ASp∏n®Sp∏n®v I≠Xpw tI´Xpsams° Iq´n ASp°p≈Hcp Bh¿Ø\cq]ambm¬ Ipd®pIqSn \n¬°pw. c≠matØXvAhbn¬ Nneh "Ipdnb Hm¿Ω'bmbn (Short Term Memory) amdpw.AXn¬ A¬∏kabwhsc Hcp]msSÆw Xßpw. Ahbn¬an°Xpw Hm¿Ωbn¬\n∂v ]ns∂ aßnadbpw. AhaßmXncn°Wsa¶n¬ i≤ sImSp°Ww. AsXmcpt_m[]q¿hamb iaamWv. km[mcWbmbn \Ωfn¬ ]ecpwAXn\p an\s°Smtdbn√. Hm¿Ωbn¬ \n¿Øm≥ HcpFfp∏hgn, \ap°v aptº Adnbmambncp∂ thsdF¥ns‚sb¶nepw IqsS ]pXpXmbn tI´Xpw I≠XpwA\p`hn®Xpw tN¿°p∂XmWv (h¿Øam\kvarXn).

Hm¿Ω 2525Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 25

Hm¿ΩbpsS ]n∂sØ L´sa∂Xv ad°m≥ Ffp∏a√mØNncÿmbnbmb \ot≠m¿aIfmWv (Long Term PermanentMemory). Hm¿tØm¿Øv a\n¬ ÿncambn Xßnbh. Ahbv°pw Imem¥cØn¬ £bap≠mhmw ]mbØm¬, D]tbmK°pdhn\m¬, ]ns∂ ad°m\p≈ iaØm¬-. AXv t^mbvUv]d™ amXncn t_m[]q¿hambn AS°p∂XpsIm≠mhmw(Supression), As√¶n¬ AlnXambXns\ a\n¬\n∂vAt_m[mhÿbntet°m hnkvarXnbntet°m X≈p∂XpsIm≠mhmw (Repression). Adnhv akvXnjv-IØn¬ Xßp∂]Inb bmWv Hm¿Ω. AXn\v BZyw ImWWw, tIƒ°Ww,A\p`hn°Ww, ]ns∂ Nn¥n°Ww. Hm¿aIƒ Aßs\bmWvÿncamIp∂Xv. PohimkvXho£WØn¬, Hm¿an°p∂Xv`mhn°p th≠nbmWv.

tlmadpsS HUoknbkv bp≤Øn¬ hnPbioemfnX\mbnXncnsI hcptºmƒ IS¬°m‰n¬s∏ v Hcp Zzo]n\SpØp sN∂ps]´p. At±lw Xs‚ aq∂p Iq´mfnIsf B Zzo]nte°v Ab®p,Xnc°nhcm≥. aSßnhcmXncp∂ Ahsc Xnc°ns®∂t∏mƒI≠Xv Ah¿ XmacØo\nIfmb B \m´pImsct∏mse AXpwXn∂v Hm¿Ωsbms°t∏mbn, Xncn®paSßm≥ IqkmsX Indpßn°nS°p∂XmWv. Ahsc ]nSn®psIm≠ph∂v I∏en¬ sI´nbn´v c£s∏SpØnsb∂v tlma¿. Xmac°pcp Xn∂v Hm¿at]mIp∂hsc Rm≥ I≠n´ns√¶nepw ab°pacp∂p Xn∂vAßs\bmb Iptdt∏sc I≠n´p≠v. AXnepw IqSpX¬I≠n´p≈Xv am\knItcmK߃°p sImSp°p∂ acp∂pIƒIgn®v Hm¿Ω t]mbhscbpw HcpXcw \n¿hmWÿnXn-bnembhscbpw \n¿-hnImc inem]Xna t]mep≈hscbpwAXpas√¶n¬ \nXm¥w k¿hX ]ncn™p apdpIn InS°p∂hscbpw BWv. Hm¿ΩIƒ F√maßv kq£n®m¬ AXvZpxJamWv, \o‰emWv. ]eXpw ad°Ww, adt∂ Xocq. ad°pw,`mKywsIm≠v. a\ns‚ Hcp kn≤nbmWXv. ]t£, h√mØHm¿ΩIƒ F∂pw ]iv-\amWv.

AXn_p≤nam∑mcn¬ an°h¿°pw hnizkn°m\mhmØHm¿Ω ImWpw. AXv tcmKmXpca√mbncn°pw. AhcpsS km[mcWkz`mhØnep]cn B kn≤nIsf ImtW≠Xpan√. F\n°p ]cnNbap≈ Hcp]mSpt]sc FSpØv DZmlcn°p∂n√ChnsS. AXn\p]Icw Hcp sFXnlyIYbmImw. hS°pwIq¿cmPcmPh¿ΩbpsS "tIcfob kwkv-IrX kmlnXyNcnX'-Øn¬ \n∂mWv D≤cn°p∂Xv.

lb¿ sk°‚dn26

"B›cyNqUmaWn' Fs∂mcp \mSIw FgpXnb i‡n`Z≥sNß∂q¿ sN∂v BZni¶cmNmcysc AXp apgph≥ hmbn®ptIƒ∏n®p. kzman au\hXØnembncp∂p F∂v i‡n`Z\vAdn™pIqSmbncp∂p. \mSIw apgph≥ hmbn®pIgn™n´pwkzman H∂pw an≠mXncn°p∂Xp I≠v kzman°p \mSIw C„s∏´n√ F∂p IcpXn AhnsS\n∂ndßnb i‡n`Z≥ \ncmi\mbn B XmfntbmeKŸw apgph≥ IØn®pIf™p.

GXm\pw h¿j߃°p tijamWv i¶cmNmcy¿ ho≠pwsNß∂qcn¬ sN√p∂Xv. BZyw At\zjn®Xv `ph\`qXnsbbpw. CXmc∏m ph\`qXn F∂v A\pbmbnIƒ Bi¶s∏´t∏mgmWv ]gb i‡n`Zs\ I≠p]nSn®Xv. At±lsØ I≠-t∏mƒ kzman ]≠p Xs∂ tIƒ∏n® \mSIØnse \mep hcnsNm√n:

""Xn`ph\]pckymx ]q¿tPm cmhWt›-Zkpe` CXn \q\w hniax Im¿ΩpIkycP\nNc\n_≤w ]mbtim sshctaX¬`hXp ph\`qssXy¿hct£mht[\.''

AXnse ph\`qXn]tbmKw AXntIaambn F∂v IhntbmSp]d™p. Ic™pt]mb Ihn, kzman B \mSIsØ°pdn®v A∂vH∂pw ]dbmØXpsIm≠v AXv IØn®pIfs™∂v sNm√nbt∏mƒ kzman Bizkn∏n®tX, ""Ipg∏sam∂pan√, F\n°Xpapgph≥ AXpt]mse tXm∂pw, FgpXnsbSpØp sIm≈q'' F∂v.C∂p≈ "B›cyNqUmaWn' \mSIw Aßs\bmWvh∂sX∂v sFXnlyw. kXyambn°qsS∂n√. AXn\v sFU‰nIvsaΩdn (Receptsor - - kz—kvarXn ) F∂v RßfpsS `mj.

Hm¿Ω Hcp i‡ntbm im]tam BImw. Ft¥m mKyØn\p\aps°ms° In´nbncn°p∂ Hm¿ΩbpsS tXmXv thWsa¶n¬Hcp]mSv h¿[n∏n°m≥ ]‰pw. a\psIm≠v shdpsamcp kab-bmX amXamWv Hm¿Ω. AXn¬ kt¥mjßfpw k¶SßfpwhnImcßfpw aWßfpw \ndßfpw Iecpw. AekambthfIfn¬ Rm\hsb Xmtemen°ptºmƒ kv-t\lØns‚at\mlmcnXbp≈h AdnbmsX F\n°p kt¥mjw Xcpw.k¶SIYIƒt]m-epw kv-t\lØns‚ at\mlmcnXbps≠¶n¬Hm¿Øpwt]mIpw, Fs∂∂pw.

Hm¿Ω 2727Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 27

]h¿Ø-\-߃

$ -A∂pw Ip´\mSn\pd°an√.- $ -hml\ßfpsS i–tImemlewsIm≠v Ct∏mƒ Ddßm≥

km[n°p∂n√.Ip´\mSns‚ A∂pw C∂pw XIgn XmcX-ays∏SpØp∂Xvi≤n®t√m. -Cu am‰Øns‚ ImcWßsfs¥ms°bmWv?a\pjyPohnXØn\v Cu am‰ßƒ hcpØnb KpWtZmj߃Fs¥ms°bmWv? N¿® sNøpI.

A\p`hßsf BJym\w sNøp∂Xn¬ XIgn kzoIcn®ssienbpsS khntijXIƒ i≤n°q.

- $ -]gb ImesØ ]Zßfpw ]tbmKßfpw ka¿YambnD]tbmKn°p∂p.

- $ -Bfl\njvTambn Imcyßsf ImWpIbpwAhXcn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

- $ hy‡nPohnXØn\∏pdtØ°v kmaqlnIPohnXØn\vDu∂¬ \¬Ip∂p.

Hmtcm LSIhpw ]cntim[n®v XI-gn-bpsS BJym-\-ssi-en-bpsS ]tXyIXIsf°pdn®v Ipdn∏v Xbmdm°pI.

""Xe-apd Xeapd apt∂m- p-h-cp-tºmƒ ssNX-\yhpw i‡nbpwkuµ-cyhpw ]cn-WmaIa-Øn¬ h¿[n-°p-I-bmhmw.Hc-º-Xp-sIm√w IqSn Ign-bp-tºmƒ CXn-s‚-sb√mw XnIhvFhn-sS-s®∂p \n¬°pw? A∂v Hc-Xyp-÷z-e-]-Xn` CuaÆn¬\n∂pw Dbn¿s°m-t≠°mw.''˛ XI-gn-bpsS Cu ]Xo-£-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-sa¥v?-k©mcnbpsS IuXpIØn\∏pdw Hcp At\zjnbpsSDtZzKamWv "amXrk∂n[m\'sØ hyXykvXam°p∂Xv.Cu \nco£Ww hniIe\w sNøpI.""\Zn AXns‚ k„mhns‚ ka£Øn¶seØnbt∏mƒkvXœbmbn, Hgp°p \ne®hfmbn, F¥n\nth≠q F∂dnbmØhsft∏mse \n›ew \n∂pt]mbn.''- k©mcnbpsS am\knImhÿsb hniZoIcn°m≥ CuhmIyw FXtØmfw ka¿Yamhp∂p≠v?

lb¿ sk°‚dn28

Hm¿Ωsb°pdn®p≈ teJIs‚ Is≠ØepIƒFßs\sbms° \ap°v ]tbmP\s∏SpØmw?

- $ -][m\s∏´h Hm¿Ωbn¬ kq£n°p∂Xn\v- $ ]T\Øn\v- $

$

Short term memory = lkzkvarXn, Ipdnb Hm¿a

Long term memory = NnckvarXn, \o≠ Hm¿a

˛ aebmf`mjbpsS ssien°v IqSpX¬ CWßp∂XvGXmWv? F¥psIm≠v? N¿®sNøq. kmt¶XnI]Zßsfaebmf`mjbv°v CWßpwhn[w samgnam‰n AhXcn∏n°q.

""Hm¿ΩIƒ F√m-aßp kq£n-®m¬, AXp ZpxJ-am-Wv, \o‰-emWv. ]eXpw ad-°-Ww, adt∂ Xocq. ad-°pw, mKyw sIm≠v.a\-ns‚ Hcp kn≤nbmW-Xv. ]t£, h√mØ Hm¿Ω-IƒF∂pw ]iv\-amWv'' ˛ teJ-Is‚ kz¥w A\p-`-hwap≥\n¿Øn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I.

""Hm¿Ω a\psIm≠v Hcp kabbmX amXamWv. AXn¬k¶Sßfpw hnImcßfpw aWßfpw \ndßfpw Iecpw.''˛ Cu \nco£Ww XIgnbpsS tZisØ°pdn®p≈Hm¿Ω°pdn∏n\pw bp. F. JmZdns‚ bmXmkvacWIƒ°pwtbmPn°ptam? \nKa\߃ AhXcn∏n°q.

Hm¿Ω 2929Zo]vX-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ 29

]T\t\´ßƒ

BibßfpsSbpw A\p`hßfpsSbpw hn\nabØn\p≈i‡amb D]m[nbmbn `mjsb Xncn®dn™v cN\Ifn¬G¿s∏Sp∂p.

aebmfØnse BflIY, PohNcnXw, bmXmhnhcWwapXemb kmlnXyimJIfpsS `mjm]camb khntijX-Iƒ Xncn®dn™v kam\amb hyhlmccq]߃Xbmdm°p∂p.

imkvXØns‚ hnImksØ Dƒs°m≈pIbpw imkvX-teJ\߃ Iev]nXIYIƒ XpSßnbh cNn°pIbpwsNøp∂p.

hnhn[tkmXpIfn¬\n∂v hnhctiJcWw \SØnPohNcnX߃, ssh⁄m\nIteJ\߃ apXembhcNn°p∂p

lb¿ sk°‚dn30

IY ]d™p ]d™pw tI´p tI´p-amWv a\p-jy≥ hf¿∂-Xv.sFXnly-ß-fmepw ]g-¶-Y-I-fmepw kar-≤-amWv ae-bm-f-Øns‚C∂-se-Iƒ. \q‰m≠v ]n∂n´ ae-bm-f- sN-dp-I-Ymim-J-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wmaw kmam-\y-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ bqWn-‰m-Wn-Xv. temI-\n-e-hm-c-Øn-ep≈ anI® IY-Iƒ ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠m-bn- p-≠v. \qX\amb IYm-X-¥-ß-fn-eqsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ ka-Km-hn-jvImcw \S-Øm≥ Ahbv°p km[n-®n- p-ap≠v.

ae-bmf sNdp-I-Y-bpsS \thm∞m\ ImeL- sØ ]Xn-\n-[oI-cn-°p∂ " tamXncw' (Imcq¿), `am-fl-I-X-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-sIm≠v B[p-\n-I- I-Ymkm-ln-Xy-Øn¬ -thdn´p\n¬°p∂"]£n-bpsS aWw', (am[-hn-°p- n-) B[p-\n-tImØc sNdp-I-Y-bpsS apJ-amb "Ata-cn°' (kp`mjv Nµ≥) F∂nh-bmWvChnsS ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Fw. apIp-µs‚ "t^mt´m' bv°v sI.]n.A∏≥ cNn® \ncq-]-Whpw CXn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n- p≠v. ae-bmf- I-Y-bnse mjm-]-chpw BJym-\-]-chpw mhp-I-Xz-]-c-hp-amb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ hni-I-e\w sNøm≥ Cu bqWn‰v klm-b-I--am-hpw.

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ

BapJw

c≠v

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 31

tamXncw

Ip©phΩmh≥ Fgp]Ø©mw ]nd∂mƒ ZnhkamWv acn®Xv;A\mbmkamb acWw. a°fpw acpa°fpw At±lØns‚]nd∂mƒ kZybpÆm≥ IqSnbncp∂p. At±lw Cu temIØp\n∂v Fs∂t∂°pambn ad™Xp kz¥w BfpIsf I≠psIm≠mWv. Abmƒ Adp]Ønb©phbp hsc B\tIdn\S∂p. ]ns∂ c≠paq∂p h¿jw Ign™t∏mƒ heXp Imen\pkzm[o\°pdhp≠mbn. AXn¬ ]ns∂ ho´n¬\n∂p km[mcW shfnbn¬ t]mImdn√. ho´nencn∏mbt∏mƒ At±lØns‚Bhiyßft\zjn°m≥ a°fp≠v. Ip©phΩmhs‚ PohnXkmbm”w ]ImihØmbncp∂p.

Ingh\mbn ho´nencp∂n´pw IpSpw_Øntes°mcp]Imcans√∂p ]dbm≥ hø.At±lw ho´ns\mcp Imhembncp∂p.Ip´nIƒ hnIrXn ImWn°ptºmgpw imTyw ]nSn®p IcbptºmgpwAt±lØns‚ i–w tI´m¬ aXn, AhcSßpw.

sXt° Nmbn∏mbncp∂p At±lØns‚ apdn. HcSn s]m°ap≈ Ib‰pI´nepw aq∂p apgw \ofap≈ Im´phSnbpw Htcm´pIn≠nbpw Hcp s]´IhpamWv B apdnbnse kmaKnIƒ. ]I¬DdßmXncn°m≥ CSbv°nsS At±lw h√Xpw sNøpw. s]´IØn‚ ]n®fs°´pIƒ an\p°pI, Icnº\tbmesIm≠pXSp°p s\øpI, NIncn\mcp sIm≠p t\¿Ø Ibdp ]ncn°pI,Cßs\ Fs¥¶nepw. timjn®pt]mb heØp Imen¬ Ipgºp]pc´n XShpIbmbncn°pw Nnet∏mƒ.

IdpØp XSn®v, Ipºfßmt]mse \c® At±lØns‚CSXpssIbnse sNdphncen¬ Ft∏mgpw s]´IØns‚Xmt°mep≠mbncn°pw. CXp sh≈nt]mse an∂pw. heXpssIbnse sNdphncen¬ Hcp tamXncap≠v. tamXncan´ ssIsIm≠p apJØp sh≈samgn®m¬ BtcmKyØn\p sIm≈m

Imcq¿ \oe-I-WvT-]n≈

lb¿ sk°‚dn32

sa∂t±lw ]d™n´p ap°m¬ ]h≥sIm≠p aI≥ ]Wnbn®psImSpØXmWXv.

Ip©phΩmh≥ acn°ptºmƒ AhnsS Ip™n°mhΩbpap≠mbncp∂p. B AΩ CSbv°nSbv°hnsS hcmdp≠v. AºmSna\bv°se Xp∏≥\ºqXncnbpsS hn[hbmWh¿. Xp∏≥\ºqXncn hensbmcp P∑nbmbncp∂p. At±lw c≠p thfn Ign®p.\ºqXncn°p ]ns∂ tXm∂n, Hcp kw_‘w IqSnbmbn°fbmsa∂v. a\bv°se ]Xm]Øn\p tN¿∂X√ Ip™n°mhns‚IpSpw_w. AhfpsS kuµcyØn¬ Xp∏≥\ºqXncn hoWpt]mbn. kuµcyØns‚bpw ]Xn`‡nbpsSbpw hnebmbn´p\ºqXncn Ah¿°p th≠sX√mw sImSpØp. AXn\m¬ hn[hbmbXn\p tijhpw Ah¿°p Pohn°m≥ _p≤nap´p≠mbn√.Ip™n°mhΩbv°p \m´n¬ Hcp am\yÿm\ap≠v.

AºmSn a\bv°se B\°mc\mbncp∂p Ip©p\mb¿.

Ip©p\mbcpsS mcy acn®n v Hcp h¿jtam at‰m Ign™p.Xncpta\nbpsS BinX\mbncp∂ Abmsf ImWm≥ hn[hbmb Ip™n°mhΩ sN∂p.

""Ftßm´p t]mIp∂ hgnbm?'' Ip©p\mb¿ tNmZn®p.

""h√SØpw t]mIp∂ hgn thtWm? F\n°ntßms´m∂phccptXm?''

""hcmw, hcmw. Ip™n°mhΩ Ctßm´p hcp∂Xp R߃s°mc\pKlamWv'' F∂p ]d™v, Ip©p\mb¿ kzbw s\bvXp≠m°nb at\mlcamsbmcp XSp°v Ah¿°ncn°m\n´psImSpØp.

Ip™n°mhns‚ tNmZyØn\v DØcambn Abmƒ ]d™p:""AkpJsam∂pan√.\S°m\¬∏w Akzm[o\w. Hcn°¬ B\∏pdØp\n∂p hoWn´p≠v. \ΩpsS Bt\sS ]pdØq∂m. Nnet∏mfh≥ IpcpØt°Sp ImWn°pw. ]pdØq∂p Ipep°n Xmsgbn´p. tXm´nbpw hSnbpw Fs‚ ssIbnen√mbncp∂p. Xqs∏mSn®vBt\sS ]pdsØ aÆpw s]mSnbpw X´n°fbpIbmbncp∂p.A∏gm Ah\p tXm∂nbXv, Fs∂ H∂p Ipep°n XmsgbnSm≥.Xmsg hoWtXmsS Rm≥ Dcp≠p amdn°f™p. F∂mepw Ahs\m∂p IpØn. heØpImenem IpØnbXv. IpØpkmcambn√.''

""Rmt\m¿°p∂p≠sXms°.''

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 33

Abmƒ hncen¬\n∂p Xmt°meqcn s]´Iw Xpd∂p. hoSns‚BIrXnbnep≈ s]´Iw πmw]eIsIm≠p≠m°nbXpw ap≥hisØ sNcphn¬ ho´nØSnsIm≠p≠m°nb B\bpsS cq]ws]mgn®p tN¿Øn´p≈XpamWv. B\bpsS sImºpw \Jßfpwsh≈nsIm≠v D≠m°n Dd∏n®ncn°p∂p. an∂p∂ ]n®fs°´pwIqSnbmbt∏mƒ AXv Hcp DØa Iemkr„nXs∂.

""apdp°q,'' F∂p ]d™p s]´Iw B kvXobpsS apºnte°vAbmƒ X≈nh®p.

""Xncpta\n kΩm\n®Xm Cu s]´Iw. Aºe∏pg Bdm´n\v_metKm]me\p `m¥nfIn. A∂p Rm\√mbncp∂p B\°mc≥. Rm≥ D¬khw ImWm≥ Aºe∏pgbv°p t]mbXm.Ah\∂v H∂m¥cØn¬s∏´ B\bmbn´n√. Fgp∂≈n®B\bpsS AIºSnbm\bmbn´hs\ \ndpØn. Bdm´nd°nsbgp∂≈n®p Xtes°´gn°m≥ XpSßnbt∏mƒ B\ Xncns™mtcm´w. t]mb hgn°p hfsc \mi߃ sNbvXp. Bf]mbsam∂pap≠mbn√. B\ Hcp ]dºn¬ sN∂p Ibdn AhnsSHcp IpSnep≠mbncp∂Xv hen®p s]mfn®p. B\°mc≥ ]pdØpIbdp∂Xn\p apºmWv B\ HmSnbXv. ]ecpw ian®n´pwB\sb sI´m≥ Ign™n√. ssXsØßn¬\n∂p tXßm]dns®SpØv Np‰pw IqSn\n¬°p∂hcpsS t\sc B\hens®dnbm≥ XpSßn. B\sb shSnhbv°Wsa∂p Xocpam\n®p. D¬khw Ign™n´pw B\∏nW°w sIm≠p Rm\hnsS°qSn. B\sb shSnhbv°m≥ Xocpam\ns®∂dn™t∏mƒF\n°p k¶Sw tXm∂n. e£WsamØ B\, \√ AgIpw.t]scSpØ B\°mc∑m¿ ian®n´pw B\sb sI´m≥ Ign™n√t√m. F\ns°mcp tamlw, Ahs\ sI´Wsa∂v. Rm\∂pssh°Øp KwKm[cs‚ c≠mw B\°mc\mbncp∂p. _metKm]mes\°mƒ b¶c\mWv KwKm[c≥. \m¬s°mº\m \sb∂mWhs\∏‰n ]dbmdp≈Xv. AXpsIm≠v F\ns°mcphnizmkw tXm∂n. Xp∏≥ Xncpta\n AhnsS h∂n´p≠mbncp∂p. At±ltØmSp Rm≥ ]d™p, --""ASnbs\m∂p t\m°s´,B\sb shSnhbv°≠-'' -F∂v.

-""F∂m¬ Ip©p H∂p t\m°v'' F∂p Xncpta\n I¬∏n®p.

-HtcdpsIm≠v Rm≥ B\sb CcpØn. B\ Ccp∂ t\cØn\v HmSns®∂v FSsImfpØpIbpw sNbvXp. CXm¿°pthWsa¶nepw sNømambncp∂p. Poh\n¬ sImXnbcpsX∂pamXw. Xncpta\n kt¥mjn®v -Ip©p F¥p thWsa¶nepwtNmZnt®mfq- F∂p I¬∏n®p.

lb¿ sk°‚dn34

ASnbs\m∂pw th≠. Chs\ sIm≠p\S°m\\phZn®m¬aXn- F∂p Rm≥ ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp. Aßs\bm Rm≥a\bv°se B\°mc\mbXv.

-_metKm]mes‚ Pohs\ c£n®Xv F∂pw Hm¿Øncn°m≥Hcp sNdnb kΩm\w Xcp∂p≠v F∂p ]d™v At±lwD≠m°n®p X∂XmWv Cu s]´Iw.-''

Ip™n°mhΩ \n¿∂ntajbmbn Iptdt\cw Ccp∂p.

""F√mw Rmt\m¿°p∂p≠v. At±lw Fs∂ kw_‘wsNbvXp c≠mgvN XnIbp∂Xn\p apºmWv _metKm]me\p`m¥nfInbXv. A∂v B\sb shSnhbvt°≠n h∂ncps∂¶n¬Fs‚ tZmjw sIm≠msW∂v F√mcpw ]dt™s\.-''

Ip™n°mhΩ sh‰ne apdp°n.

-""Aßs\sbm∂pw Bcpw ]dbpIn√. Ip™n°mhΩsb∏‰na\bv°ept≈mcpw ]dbpambncp∂p, alme£vanbmsW∂v.''ñ

B kvXobpsS apJw hnIkn®p.

""CXp tX®pan\p°n CXbpw `wKnbmbn D]tbmKn°p∂p≠t√m-'' - F∂p Ip™n°mhΩ ]d™p.

-""CXp ImWptºmƒ as‰√m hnjaßfpw Rm≥ ad°pw.F\n°p \√ Dincp tXm∂pw.-''

Ip™n°mhΩ Nncn®p. ""Iptd \mfmbn Ctßms´m∂p hcWsa∂p hnNmcn°p∂p. ChnsS ho´pImcn acn®t∏mƒ h∂Xm.`mKyhXnbmbncp∂p Ahcv.-''

- ""Rm≥ `mKytZmjnbpw. Rms\∂ptam¿°pw,\nßsfsbms°. shdpsXbncn°ptºmƒ Cßs\tbmtcm-

t∂m¿ØmWp kabw Ign°p∂Xv.-''

""ChnsSsb¥m kabw Ign°m≥ ]bmkw? sIm®p]nt≈cp≠t√m. F\n°msW¶n¬ ho´n¬ Ip™pßfmcpan√.F√mcpw Hmtcm Zn°nem.-''

""]nt≈cps≠¶nepw Ahscs‚bSptØs°ßpw hcpIbn√.Xc∏Sn°mtcmSp h√Xpw ]d™pw Nncn®pancn°m\t√ Ah¿°p’mlw?-''

-""Ah¿°p amXa√, F√m¿°paßs\bm.'' ñ

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 35

Iptd \m´ph¿Øam\߃ ]d™n´v Ahscgpt∂‰p. ñ""Rm≥ ]ns∂ hcmw.'' ñ

Ip™n°mhΩ t]mbt∏mƒ Ip©p\mb¿ ]gbImewkvacWbn¬ I≠p.

Bdms´gp∂≈Øp a\bv°se ]Sn∏pcbv°¬ h∂p\n∂t∏mfmWv Ip™n°mhns\ BZyw I≠sX∂p tXm∂p∂p._metKm]mes‚ ]pdØmsWgp∂≈n®ncp∂Xv. Xosh´nIfpsS ]Imiw sIm≠v B ]tZiw apgph≥ s]m≥\ndambn.]Sn∏pchmXn¬°¬ \n¬°pIbmbncp∂p Ip™n°mhv.s\‰n∏´w sI´nb KwKm[c\m\bpsS akvXIw t]msebp≠v,IkhpIcbp≈ ape°® sI´nb amdnSw. X¶\ndap≈ apJØn\IºSn tkhn°p∂ tXmS. tXmSbpw apJhpambn a¬kcn®vssItb‰ap≠mhmXncn°m≥ CSbv°p hf™p ]pf™pIotgms´mgpIn°nS°p∂ AfI߃. tXmSIsf XΩn¬_‘n®psIm≠v ]®∏´pdu°bn¬ hnian°p∂ \mK∏Øname. Xosh´nbpsS ]ImiØn¬ sh´nØnfßp∂ sh≈°√p]Xn® aq°pØn. IuXpItØmSpw AZv`pXtØmSpw t\m°n\n∂pt]mbn Xm≥. FXt\caßs\ \nt∂m! hmZytaf°m¿apt∂m´p \S∂t∏mƒ B\bpw \S°m≥ XpSßn. At∏mfmWpXm≥ [ym\Øn¬ \n∂pW¿∂Xv. ]ns∂ ]et∏mgpw AhscI≠n´p≠v. A\¿lamb sImXntbmsS t\m°nbn´p≠v.A°mesØmcn°epw Ahtcm, AhtcmSp Xmt\m kwkmcn®n´n√. h√Xpw ]dbm\pw tIƒ°m\pw tamln®n´p≠v. Ip™n°mhΩsbhnsS, B\°mc≥ Ip©p\mbschnsS! Ct∏mƒAhƒ Xs‚ ho´nte°p h∂p; ASpØncp∂p kwkmcn®p.

Hm¿Øt∏mƒ C°nfnbmbn.

Hcpamkw Ign™p ho≠pw Ip™n°mhΩ h∂Xv Hcpap≠pw t\cyXpw sIm≠mWv. AhcXp ]gb B\°mc\psImSpØp.

-""Aøtøm! Ft¥m∂m CXv! Rm≥ t\cyXpan´v D¬khwImWm≥ t]mIpt∂m?-''

-""D¬khØn\p t]mIm\√. ho´nencn°ptºmfpSp°mw,XWp°ptºmƒ ]pXbv°mw.-''

""AsXbsX, \nßsS apXemWv Rm≥ ]≠pw A\p`hn®ncp∂Xv.-''

lb¿ sk°‚dn36

A∂pw Ip©p\mb¿ Xs‚ A]Zm\߃ ]d™p. Ip™n°mhΩ F√mw i≤n®p tI´p. AhcpsS apJw ]k∂ambn.CSbv°nSbv°v Ah¿ ]d™p: ""Rmt\m¿°p∂p≠v.''

Abmƒ s]´Iw Xpd∂v Ip™n°mhΩbpsS ASptØ°p\o°nh®p. B kvXo I´nens‚ Iogn¬\n∂v CSn°√phen®ph®v sh‰ne∏m°v NXbv°m≥ XpSßn.

""NXbv°tWm Ip™n°mhΩbv°v?'' ñ

""F\nbv°p NXbv°≠.''

Ip©p\mbcpsS apJw hnIkn®p. NX® sh‰ne∏m°v BkvXo Ip©p\mbcpsS ssIbnte°p h®psImSpØp.

kvXo tNmZn®p: ""hni∏pw cpNnbpsams°bp≠t√m, Ct√?''

-""Cuizc\\pKln®n v Ct∏mgpw kpJambn DuWp Ign-°mw.''

Ip©p\mb¿ XpS¿∂p: ""Cu hbpImeØv _p≤nap´nChnsShsc \S∂t√m?'' ñ

""\S°m≥ _p≤naps´m∂pan√. F\n°p kpJt°sSm∂pan√.F∂pw ImesØ Aºe°pfØn¬ t]mbn Ipfn°pw. \me©p]Z£nWw hbv°pw.'' ñ

""Imen\p kzm[o\ap≠mbncps∂¶n¬ ]tØm Ccp]tXm\mgnI \S°m≥ F\n°pw ]bmkw ImWpIbn√.'' ñ

Ip™n°mhΩ ]n∂oSp h∂Xp Ip©p\mb¿°v CebSbpwsIm≠mbncp∂p.

""hcptºmsgms° Fs¥¶nepw sIm≠ph∂mse\ns°mcp_p≤nap´mIpw.'' ñ

""sIm≠phcpt∂m¿°t√ _p≤nap´p tXmt∂≠Xv?'' ñ

-""A√√, taSn°pt∂m¿°pw _p≤nap´p ImWpw.'' ñ

- ""]nt≈cmsc¶nepw Atßm´p h∂m¬ ISpamßmsImSpØbbv°mw.'' ñ

-""AsXbsX, Ip™n°mhΩsbm∂pw ssIbn¬ sIm≠phccpXv. h√Xpw thWsa¶n¬ ]nt≈cmsc¶nepw Atßm´phcpw. CXpXs∂ s]mXn™psI´ns°m≠p h∂Xp I≠n´vF\n°p hnjaw tXm∂n, tIt´m. Rm\nt∏mgpw A∂sØt∏msesbms°bm hnNmcn°p∂Xv.-''

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 37

""AsX\n°dnbmw. AXpsIm≠mWt√m Rm≥ h√t∏mgpwCtßm´p hcp∂Xv.'' ñ

A¬∏t\cw Ccphcpw au\ambn´ncp∂p.

""-s]´IØnsem∂pant√?-''

Ip©p\mb¿ hncen¬\n∂p Xmt°meqcnbt∏mƒ Ip™n°mhΩ Xmt°m¬ hmßn s]´Iw Xpd∂p. Ip©p\mb¿°papdp°m≥ NX®psImSpØn´v Ahcpw sh‰ne apdp°n.

]ns∂sbmcp\mƒ- ˛ -""I´nens‚bSnbnencn°p∂ `cWnCtßms´m∂p am‰nhbv°mtam?-''

Ip™n°mhΩ `cWn am‰nh®p Xpd∂p t\m°n.

""Ipgtºm? Imen¬ ]pc´m\mtWm? Rm≥ ]pc´nØcmw.'' ñ

""Atøm! th≠!''-

-""AXns\¥m?'' ñ Ah¿ Ipgºp ssIbnsemgn®p.

Ip©p\mb¿°p hnΩn´w tXm∂n; ]ndsI kt¥mjhpw.

""CXdns™¶n¬ `cWn am‰nhbv°m≥ Rm≥ ]dbpIbn√mbncp∂p.'' ñ

-""t\m°nt°mfq, Rm\nXp ]pc´nsbm∂p XShnbm¬]Xn\©p ZnhktØ°p ]ns∂ thZ\bp≠mhpIbn√.'' ñ

-""AXpIgnbptºmƒ Ip™n°mhΩ hcpambncn°pw, At√?''F∂p tNmZn®n v Abmƒ s]m´n®ncn®p.

""tN´s\°mƒ Gsg´p hbn\nf∏aps≠\n°v. Fs∂ t]cphnfn®mepw Bt£]sam∂pan√.-''

""--Atøm, Rm≥ t]cp hnfn°pIbn√.''ó

""--tN´s‚ C„w t]mse hnfnt®mfq.'' ñ

Ip™n°mhΩ t]mbt∏mƒ Ip©p\mb¿ hnNmcn®p.Adp]Ø©mbn°mWpw hbv. F∂n´pw sImgpØpcp≠ncn°p∂p. CSbv°nSbvt°mtcm apSn shfpØn´ps≠t∂bp≈q.apJØns‚ an\p°w t]mbn. kz¬∏wIqSn hepXmbn apJw.A∂sØ \nd∏In´n√nt∏mƒ. \S°p∂Xp ImWm≥ N¥ap≠v.kz`mhanX \√XmsW∂p Rm\dn™ncp∂n√.

]et∏mgpw Ip©p\mb¿°p sImSp°ms\s¥¶nepw Ah¿sIm≠phcpw. i¿°ctbm Iev°≠tam ap¥ncnßtbm DÆn

lb¿ sk°‚dn38

b∏tam Fs¥¶nepw. Nnet∏mƒ hmk\∏pIbne. As√¶n¬ct≠m aqt∂m cq]m. apdp°m≥ NXbv°epw Ipgºp ]pc´nØShepw km[mcWbmbn. Ip™n°mhΩ amkØn¬ c≠pwaq∂pw XhW Abmsf kµ¿in®pt]m∂p. Ah¿ hcm≥ ImØncn°pw Ip©p\mb¿. ItaW Ip™n°mhΩ Ip©p\mbcpsSH∏w I´nenencn°m≥ XpSßn. Nnet∏mfh¿ s]m´n®ncn°pw.NneZnhkw B kvXo Gsd t\cw AbmfpsSbSpØncps∂∂phcpw.

--""]gb BfpItfmtcmcpØcmbn bmX ]d™p. \Ωfp\me©p t]tc _m°nbp≈q.''

--""F‚tΩm! ]gb BfpItfm! Ip™n°mhΩ ]gb BfmtWm? kΩ¥w Ign™bnSbv°v Bdm´pImWm≥ a\bv°se]Sn∏pcbn¬ \n∂Xv C∂esØt∏mse Rmt\m¿°p∂p.ape°®bpw tXmSbpsam∂pans√¶nepw A∂sØt∏msebncn°p∂p Ct∏mgpw.''ó

Ip™n°mhΩ Nncn®p: ""CsXms° t\m°n h®ncpt∂m?''ó

--""Bcmbmepw t\m°nt∏mIpambncp∂p.''---

""tN´\pw A∂sØt∏mencn°p∂p. apSn shfpsØt∂-bp≈q, AXp wKnbm.''ó

Imew apt∂m´p t]mbt∏mƒ XΩn¬ ]tXyI _‘aps≠∂ncph¿°pw tXm∂n. Ip™n°mhns\ kt¥mjn∏n°Wsa∂bmƒ BKln®p. Ip©p\mb¿s°mcp _p≤nap´pw hcmsXt\m°Wsas∂mcp tXm∂¬ Ip™n°mhn\pap≠mbn.

AbmfpsS ho´nep≈h¿ ]d™p, a\bv°ep≈h¿H∂pat\zjn®ns√¶nepw AΩmhs\ kz¥w AΩmhs\t∏msebm Ip™n°mhΩ IcpXp∂sX∂v.

HcpZnhkw Ip©p\mb¿ Ip™n°mhns‚ heØpssI]nSn®p sIm≠p ]d™p: ""Ft∂mSnXbpw kvt\lw ImWn®nt√? Rms\mcp Imcyw sNøm≥ t]mIpIm, XSw ]dbcpXv.''ó

--""AsX¥m XSw ]dbpsa∂p kwibw?''ó

Ip©p\mb¿ Xs‚ tamXncaqcn B hn[hbpsS AWnhncen¬ AWnbn®p.

AbmfpsS ]cp°≥ ssI]nSn®p Ip™n°mhΩ Xs‚arZphmb apJØa¿Øn. tamXncØn¬ t\m°ns°m≠h¿]d™p--- : ""F\n°p ]mIam.''

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 39

Ip©p\mb¿ Nncn®p.

""tN´\p \S°msa¶n¬ ho´nsem∂p hcq.''ó

""--Atøm, \S°m≥ tae. h√XcØnepw Atßm´p hcmsa∂phbv°pI. Xncn®p t]mcm≥ hnjan°pw. ---''

""Xncn®p t]mcm≥ hnjaw tXm∂nbm¬ A©mdpZnhkwAhnsS Xmakn°Ww.''

""hcmw, ]ns∂ hcmw. ASpØ hymgmgvN Fs‚ ]pd∂mfm.AXp Ign™p hcmw. ]pd∂mfn\p Ip™n°mhpw hcWw,tIt´m.''ó

Ip©p\mbcpsS Fgp]Øn\memw ]nd∂mfn\p Ip™n°mhp sN∂p.

At±lw acn®Xns‚ ZpxJsam∂p XWpØt∏mƒ ho´nep≈h¿ tamXncat\zjn®p. BscSpØp? FhnsS h®p? Xmt°m¬ssIbn¬ \n∂qcnbh¿ tamXnchpw Ducn°mWpat√m. h√hcpwX´ns°m≠p t]mtbm? s]´IØnepw I≠n√. CubnsS AXpssIbn¬ ImWmdn√. hs√SØpw Ducnh®n´p Im°tbmFentbm sIm≠pt]mbXmtWm? Bcpw Is´Sp°m\nSbn√.AΩmh\p t_m[an√msX InS∂n√t√m. Cu Znhkßfn¬ChnsS hntijn®mcpw h∂n√. Ip™n°mhp tN®ntb h√t∏mgpw hcmdp≈q. tamXnctØmSp tN¿Øv AhcpsS t]cp]d™m¬ alm]m]ap≠v. s]m∂Wn™p aXnbpw sImXnbpwXo¿∂hcmWv Ah¿. AhcpsS s]´nbnent∏mgpw ImWpw, \qdp]hs‚ Dcp∏Sn. ap‰tØm ]dºntem Fßm\pw t\m°mw. I≠ns√¶n¬ ant≠≠. ñCßs\sbms° AhnsS ]d®nep≠mbn.

lb¿ sk°‚dn40

]£n-bpsS aWw

I¬°Øbn¬ h∂n v HcmgvN Ign™t∏mgmWv Ahƒ B]ckyw, cmhnesØ h¿Øam\ ISemkn¬ I≠Xv: ""ImgvNbn¬ tbmKyXbpw _p≤nkma¿Yyhpap≈ Hcp sNdp∏°mcnsbRßfpsS samØ°®hSØns‚ C≥Nm¿Pmbn tPmen sNøm≥Bhiyap≠v. XpWnIfpsS \ndßsf∏‰nbpw ]pXnbUnssk\pIsf∏‰nbpw GItZihnhcap≠mbncn°Ww. Ah\hs‚ ssIb£cØn¬ FgpXnb l¿Pnbpambn t\cn v RßfpsS Hm^oknte°p hcnI.''

P\Ønc°p≈ Hcp sXcphnembncp∂p B Hm^okns‚sI´nSw. Ahƒ Cfwa™ \ndØnep≈ Hcp ]´pkmcnbpw Xs‚shfpØ ssI©nbpw a‰pambn B sI´nSØnseØnbt∏mƒt\cw ]Xns\m∂v aWnbmbncp∂p. AXv Ggp \neIfpwCcp∂qdne[nIw apdnIfpw hfscb[nIw hcm¥Ifpap≈ HcpIq‰≥ sI´nSambncp∂p. \mep en^v‰pIfpw. Hmtcm en^v‰ns‚apºn¬ Hmtcm P\°q´ap≠mbncp∂p. XSn® I®hS°mcpw a‰pwa‰pw. Hscm‰ kvXosbbpw Ahƒ AhnsSsbßpw I≠n√.ss[cyw At∏mtg°pw hfsc £bn®pIgn™ncp∂p. `¿Ømhns‚ A`n]mbw hIhbv°msX Cu DtZymKØn\phtc≠nbncp∂n√sb∂pw Ahƒ°p tXm∂n. Ahƒ ASpØpI≠ Hcp in]mbntbmSp tNmZn®p:

""....sSIvkvss‰¬ C≥UkvSokv GXp \nebnemWv?''

""H∂mw \nebn¬ BsW∂p tXm∂p∂p'' Abmƒ ]d™p.

F√m IÆpIfpw Xs‚ apJØp ]Xn°p∂p F∂v Ahƒ°ptXm∂n. tObv, htc≠nbncp∂n√. hnb¿∏n¬ apßns°m≠p\n¬°p∂ Cu BWp߃°nSbn¬ Xms\¥n\p hs∂Øn?Bbncapdp∏nI In´psa¶n¬Øs∂bpw X\n°v Cu sI´nSØn

am[-hn-°p´n

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 41

te°v Znhtk\ tPmen sNøm≥ hcm≥ hø.......]t£, s]s´∂paSßnt∏mhm≥ Ahƒ°p Ign™n√.

AhfpsS Dugambn. en^v‰n¬ Ibdn, ASpØp \n¬°p∂hcpsS tZlßfn¬ sXmSmXncn°phm≥ t¢in®psIm≠v Hcpaqebn¬ HXpßn \n∂p.

H∂mw \nebn¬ Cdßnbt∏mƒ Ahƒ Np‰pw ItÆmSn®p.\mep`mKtØ°mbn \o≠pInS°p∂ hcm¥bn¬\n∂v HmtcmapdnIfnte°mbn henb hmXnepIfp≠mbncp∂p. hmXnens‚]pdØv Hmtcm t_m¿Upw.

"Cd°paXnbpw Ib‰paXnbpw.'

"ssh≥ I®hSw' ˛ Aßs\ ]e t_m¿UpIfpw. ]t£,FX \S∂n´pw, FX hmXnepIƒ Xs∂ IS∂n´pw Xm≥At\zjn®ncp∂ t_m¿Uv Ahƒ Is≠Ønbn√. At∏mtg°pwAhfpsS ssIØe߃ hnb¿Øncp∂p. Hcp apdnbn¬\n∂vs]s´∂v ]pdØpIS∂ HcmtfmSv Ahƒ tNmZn®p:

""...sSIvkvss‰¬ Iº\n FhnsSbmWv?''

Abmƒ Ahsf Xs‚ CSpßnb Nph∂ IÆpIƒsIm≠vB]mZNqUw ]cntim[n®p. F∂n´p ]d™p: ""F\n°v Adnbn√. ]t£, Fs‚ IqsS h∂m¬ Rm≥ in]mbntbmSv At\zjn®p ÿew a\nem°nØcmw.''

Abmƒ Dbcw Ipd™ Hcp a\pjy\mbncp∂p; Hcp a[yhbkvI≥. AbmfpsS ssI\Jßfn¬ sNfnbp≠mbncp∂p.AXpI≠nt´m Ft¥m, Ahƒ°v AbmfpsS IqsSt∏mhm≥tXm∂nbn√. Ahƒ ]d™p:

""\µn, Rm≥ ChnsS At\zjn®p a\nem°ns°m≈mw.''

Ahƒ [rXnbn¬ \S∂v Hcp aqe Xncn™p as‰mcp hcm¥bnseØn. AhnsSbpw AS®n´ henb hmXnepIƒ Ahƒ I≠p.Dying F∂v AhnsS FgpXnØq°nbncp∂p. kvs]√nMns‚sX‰p I≠v Ahƒ°p Nncn h∂p. "XpWn°p Nmbw sImSp°p∂Xn\p]Icw ChnsS acWamtWm \S°p∂Xv?' GXmbmepwAhnsS tNmZn®p t\m°msa∂v Dt±in®v Ahƒ hmXn¬X≈nØpd∂p. AIØv Hgn™pInS°p∂ Hcp henb XfamWvAhƒ I≠Xv. ct≠m aqt∂m IkmeIfpw Hcp Nn√n´ taibpw,AXXs∂. Hcmfpan√ AhnsSsbßpw. Ahƒ hnfn®p tNmZn®p:

lb¿ sk°‚dn42

""ChnsS Bcpant√?''

AIsØ apdnIfnte°p≈ hmXnepIfpsS Xnc»oeIƒsas√sbm∂v BSn. AXXs∂. Ahƒ ss[cyahew_n®v,apdn°p \Sphnep≈ Ikmebn¬-t∏mbn Ccp∂p. A¬∏whnian°msX C\n Hscm‰bSn \S°phm≥ Ignbns√∂vAhƒ°p tXm∂n. apIfn¬ ]¶ Xncn™psIm≠ncp∂p. CsXs¥mcp Hm^okmWv? Ahƒ AZv`pXs∏´p. hmXnepw Xpd∂ph®v, ]¶bpw Nen∏n®v, ChnsSbp≈hsc√mhcpw Ftßm´pt]mbn?

XpWn°p \ndw sImSp°p∂hcmbXpsIm≠v Ch¿°v Rm≥At\zjn°p∂ Hm^okv FhnsSbmsW∂v AdnbmXncn°bn√.Ahƒ ssI©n Xpd∂v, IÆmSnsbSpØv apJw ]cntim[n®p.ImWm≥ tbmKyXbps≠∂pXs∂ Xo¿®bm°n. FÆqdpdp∏nIBhiys∏´mtem? Xs∂t∏msebp≈ Hcp DtZymKÿsb,Ah¿°p In´p∂Xp mKyambncn°pw. ]Tn∏v D≠v, ]pdw cmPyßfn¬ k©cn®v temI]cnNbw t\Snbn´p≠v.....

Ahƒ Hcp Ip∏nbpsS tIm¿°v hen®p Xpd°p∂ i–wtI´mWv sR´n DW¿∂Xv. tO, Xms\s¥mcp hnUvVnbmWv,H´pw ]cnNban√mØ Hcp ÿeØncp∂v DdßpItbm? AhƒIÆpIƒ XncpΩn, Np‰pw t\m°n. AhfpsS FXn¿hiØv HcpIkmeta¬ Ccp∂psIm≠v Hcp sNdp∏°mc≥ tkmUbn¬hnkvIn Hgn°pIbmbncp∂p. AbmfpsS _pjvj¿´v shÆ\ndØnep≈ sSdnen≥sIm≠v D≠m°nbXmbncp∂p. AbmfpsSssIhncepIfpsS apIƒ`mKØp I\Ø tcma߃ hf¿∂p\n∂ncp∂p. i‡ßfmb ssIhncepIƒ I≠v Ahƒ s]s´∂p]cn`an®p. Xms\¥n\p h∂p, Cu sNIpØms‚ ho´n¬!

Abmƒ Xebpb¿Øn Ahsf t\m°n. AbmfpsS apJw HcpIpXncbptSXp t]mse \o≠Xmbncp∂p. Abmƒ tNmZn®p:""Dd°w kpJamtbm?''

F∂n´v AhfpsS adp]Sn tIƒ°phm≥ i≤n°msX •mkvDb¿Øn, AXnse ]m\obw apgph\pw IpSn®p Xo¿Øp.

""Zmln°p∂pt≠m?'' Abmƒ tNmZn®p. Ahƒ Xebm´n.

""....sSIvkvss‰¬ Iº\n FhnsSbmsW∂v Adnbptam?\n߃°v Adnbpambncn°psa∂v F\n°p tXm∂n. \n߃XpWnIƒ°p \ndw sImSp°p∂hcmWt√m'' Ahƒ ]d™p.F∂n´v Hcp acymZ®ncn Nncn®p. Abmƒ Nncn®n√. Abmƒ

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 43

ho≠pw hnkvIn •mkn¬ Hgn®p. tkmU Ie¿Øn. FXtbmkabw InS°p∂p, h¿Øam\߃ ]dbphm\pw a‰pw F∂\mSyambncp∂p AbmfptSXv.

Ahƒ tNmZn®p: ""\n߃ Adnbnt√?'' Ahƒ A£abmbn°gn™ncp∂p. Fßs\sb¶nepw AhnsS\n∂v ]pdØpIS∂v,ho´nte°p aSßnbm¬ aXnsb∂pIqSn Ahƒ°p tXm∂n.

Abmƒ s]s´∂p Nncn®p. hfsc saen™ Np≠pIfmbncp∂p AbmfpsS Np≠pIƒ. Ah Nncnbn¬ sshcq]yw Ie¿Øn.

""F¥mWv Xnc°v?'' Abmƒ tNmZn®p ""t\cw ]Xns\mt∂ap°mte Bbn´p≈q.''

Ahƒ hmXnente°p \S∂p.

""\n߃°dnbpsa∂v Rm≥ Bin®p'' ˛ Ahƒ ]d™p:""\nßfpw XpWn°®hSambn v _‘ap≈ HcmfmWt√m.''

""F¥p _‘w? R߃ XpWnbn¬ Nmbw tN¿°p∂hc√.t_m¿Uv hmbn®nt√? Dying F∂v.''

""At∏mƒ...?''

""B A¿Yw Xs∂. acn°pI F∂p tI´n´nt√? kpJambnacn°phm≥ G¿s∏SpØns°mSp°pw R߃.''

Abmƒ Ikmebn¬ Nmcn°nS∂v IÆpIfndp°n, Ahsft\m°n Nncn®p. s]s´∂v- B shfpØ ]p©ncn Xs‚ IÆpIfnemsI hym]n®t]mse Ahƒ°p tXm∂n. AhfpsS ImepIƒhnd®p.

Ahƒ hmXn¬°te°v HmSn. ]t£, hmXn¬ Xpd°phm≥AhfpsS hnb¿Ø ssIIƒ°p Ign™n√. At∏mtg°pwAhfpsS IÆpIƒ \nd™pIgn™ncp∂p.

""ZbhpsNbvXv CsXm∂v Xpd∂pXcq'' ˛ Ahƒ ]d™p:""F\n°v ho´nte°v t]mhWw. Fs‚ Ip´nIƒ ImØncn°p∂p≠mhpw.'' Abmƒ Xs‚ hm°pIƒ tI´v, IqcNn¥IƒDt]£n®v, Xs∂ klmbn°phm≥ hcpsa∂v Ahƒ Bin®p.

""ZbhpsNbvXv Xpd°q'' - Ahƒ ho≠pw bmNn®p. Abmƒho≠pw ho≠pw hnkvIn IpSn®p. ho≠pw ho≠pw Ahsft\m°n Nncn®p.

lb¿ sk°‚dn44

Ahƒ hmXn¬°¬ ap´nØpSßn ˛ ""Atøm, Fs∂NXn°pIbmtWm?'' Ahƒ Dds° hnfn®p tNmZn®p:""Rms\¥p Ip‰amWv sNbvXn´p≈Xv?''

AhfpsS tX߬ Ipd®p\nanj߃°ptijw Ahkm\n®p. Ahƒ £oWn®p Xf¿∂v, hmXnens‚bSpØv shdpw\neØv hoWp.

Abmƒ bmsXmcp ImTn\yhpan√mØ Hcp arZpkzcØn¬Fs¥ms°tbm ]d™psIm≠ncp∂p. Ahƒ Nne hm°pIƒamXw tI´p.

""......... ]≠v Fs‚ InS∏papdnbn¬, XWp∏pImeØv Hcp ]£nh∂ps]´p. a™Ie¿∂ Xhn´p\ndw. \ns‚ kmcnbpsS \ndw.AXv P\hmXnens‚ Nn√nt∑¬ sIm°psIm≠v X´nt\m°n,Nn√v s]m´n°phm≥. NndIpIƒ sIm≠pw X´n. AXv FXt¢in®p! F∂n v F¥p≠mbn? AXv £oWn®v \neØphoWp.Rm\Xns\ Fs‚ jqkn´ ImepsIm≠v Nhn´nbc®pIf™p.''

]n∂oSv Iptd \nanj߃ \o≠p\n∂ au\Øn\p tijwAbmƒ tNmZn®p: ""\n\°dnbmtam, acWØns‚ aWwF¥msW∂v?''

Ahƒ IÆpIƒ Db¿Øn Abmsf t\m°n. ]t£, H∂pw]dbphm≥ \mhv Db¿∂n√. ]dbphm≥ adp]Sn C√m™n´√.acWØns‚ aWw, A√, acWØns‚ hnhn[ aW߃ Xs∂t∏mse B¿°mWv AdnbpI? ]gpØ hWßfpsS aWw, ]gtØm´ßfpsS a[pcamb aWw, Nµ\ØncnIfpsS aWw....Ccp´p]nSn® Hcp sNdnb apdnbn¬, shdpw \neØn´ InS°bn¬InS∂psIm≠v AhfpsS AΩ bmsXmcp A¥pw IecmØkzcØn¬ ]d™psIm≠ncp∂p.... ""F\n°p hø tamtf...thZ\sbm∂qeym... ∂mepw hø....''

AΩbpsS Iment∑ep≠mbncp∂ hWßfn¬ shfpØpXSn® ]pgp°ƒ CfIns°m≠ncp∂p. F∂n´pw AΩ ]d™p:""thZ\bney....''

]n∂oSv A—≥. ]taltcmKnbmb A—\p s]s´∂p Xf¿®h∂t∏mƒ, B apdnbn¬ ]gtØm´ßfn¬\n∂p hcp∂ HcpIm‰p hs∂Ønsb∂v Ahƒ°p tXm∂n. Aßs\ a[pcambncp∂ B apdnbn¬ ]c∂ aWw. AXpw acWambncp∂p....

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 45

AsXms° ]dbWsa∂v Ahƒ°p tXm∂n. ]t£,\mhns‚ i‡n £bn®p Ign™ncp∂p.

apdnbpsS \Sphn¬ Ccn°p∂ sNdp∏°mc≥ At∏mgpwHmtcm∂p ]d™psIm≠ncp∂p:

""....\n\°v Adnbn√. Dt∆m? F∂m¬ ]d™pXcmw,]£nØqhepIfpsS aWamWv acWØn\v.... \n\°XvAdnbmdmhpw, ASpØp Xs∂. Ct∏mƒØs∂ thWtam?GXmWp \n\°v G‰hpw ]nbs∏´ t\cw? t\sc apIfn¬\n∂p t\m°p∂ kqcys‚ apºn¬ e÷bn√msX Cu temIw\Kv\ambn InS°p∂ kabtam? AtXm, k‘ytbm?.... \oF¥pt]msebp≈ kvXobmWv? ss[cyap≈htfm ss[cyan√mØhtfm....''

Abmƒ Ikmebn¬\n∂v Fgpt∂‰v AhfpsS ASptØ°ph∂p. Abmƒ°v \√ Dbcap≠mbncp∂p. Ahƒ ]d™p:

""Fs∂ t]mhm≥ kΩXn°Ww. Rm\ntßm´p hcm≥Hcn°epw Dt±in®n´n√.''

""\o \pW ]dbpIbmWv. \o FX XhW Dt±in®ncn°p∂p,ChnsS hs∂Øphm≥! FXtbm kpJIcamb Hchkm\Øn\p \o FX XhW Bin®ncn°p∂p. arZpeßfmbXncame Iƒ \nd™, Zo¿Lambn \nizkn°p∂ ISen¬sN∂p hogp hm≥, BekytØmsS sN∂p ebn°phm≥tamln°p∂ \Zn t]msebt√ \o? ]dbq, Hmat\.... \otamln°p∂nt√, B Ah km\n°mØ emf\A\p`hn°phm≥?''

""\n߃ BcmWv?''

Ahƒ Fgpt∂‰ncp∂p. AbmfpsS ssIhncepIƒ°p_o`’amb HcmI¿jWaps≠∂v Ahƒ°p tXm∂n.

""Fs∂ I≠n´nt√?''

""C√.''

""Rm≥ \ns‚bSpØv- ]et∏mgpw h∂n´p≠v. Hcn°¬ \oshdpw ]Xns\m∂p hbmb Hcp Ip´nbmbncp∂p. a™°mae]nSn®v, InS°bn¬\n∂p Xebpb¿Øm≥ hømsX InS∂ncp∂Imew. A∂p \ns‚ AΩ P\¬-hmXnepIƒ Xpd∂t∏mƒ \o]d™p: AtΩ Rm≥ a™∏q°ƒ ImWp∂p. a™ Aecn∏q°ƒ ImWp∂p. F√mbnSØpw a™∏q Xs∂.. AXv Hm¿an°p∂pt≠m?''

lb¿ sk°‚dn46

Ahƒ XeIpep°n.

""\ns‚ IÆpIƒ°pamXw ImWm≥ Ign™ B a™∏q°fpsSbnSbn¬ Rm≥ \n∂ncp∂p. \ns‚ ssI]nSn®p \ns∂FtØ≠hnStØ°v FØn°phm≥... ]t£, A∂p \o h∂n√.\n\°v Fs‚ kvt\lsØ∏‰n Adn™ncp∂n√. Rm\mWp\ns‚bpw F√mhcpsSbpw am¿KZ¿in F∂p \oAdn™ncp∂n√.....''

""kvt\ltam, CXp kvt\lamtWm?'' Ahƒ tNmZn®p.

""AsX, kvt\lØns‚ ]cn]q¿WX ImWn®pXcphm≥F\n°p amXta IgnbpIbp≈q. F\n°p \o Hmtcmt∂mtcm∂mbn ImgvNhbv°pw... Nph∂ Np≠pIƒ, Nm©mSp∂ IÆpIƒ, Ahbh`wKnbp≈ tZlw.... F√mw..... Hmtcm tcmaIq]߃IqSn \o ImgvNhbv°pw. H∂pw \nt‚X√mXmhpw. F∂n´v Cu_en°p ]Xn^eambn Rm≥ \n\°p kzmX¥yw Xcpw. \oH∂pa√msXbmhpw. ]t£, F√mambnØocpw. ISens‚ Ccºenepw \o D≠mhpw. ag°meØp IqºpIƒ s]m´n apfbv°p∂]gb acßfnepw \o Nen°p∂p≠mhpw; ]khthZ\b\p`hn°p∂ hnØpIƒ aÆns‚bSnbn¬ InS∂p tXßptºmƒ,\ns‚ Ic®nepw B tXßtemsSm∏w Dbcpw. \o Im‰mhpw, \oagØp≈nIfmhpw, \o aÆns‚ XcnIfmhpw... \obmbnØocpwCu temIØns‚ kuµcyw .....''

Ahƒ Fgpt∂‰p \n∂p. Xs‚ £oWw Xosc amdnsb∂vAhƒ°p tXm∂n. ]pXpXmbn In´nb ss[cytØmsS Ahƒ]d™p:

""CsXms° icnbmbncn°mw. ]t£, \n߃°v Bsf sX‰nbncn°p∂p. F\n°p acn°phm≥ kabambn´n√. Rm≥ HcpCcp]tØgpImcnbmWv; hnhmlnXbmWv; AΩbmWv. F\n°pkabambn´n√. Rm≥ Hcp DtZymKw t\m°n h∂XmWv. Ct∏mƒt\cw ]¥≠ctbm at‰m Bbncn°Ww. Rm≥ ho´nte°paSßs´.''

Abmƒ H∂pw ]d™n√. hmXn¬ Xpd∂v, Ahƒ°v ]pdtØ°p t]mhm≥ A\phmZw sImSpØp. Ahƒ [rXnbn¬en^v‰v At\zjn®v Atßm´pantßm´pw \S∂p. Xs‚ Im¬-hbv∏pIƒ AhnsSsbßpw `b¶cambn apgßp∂ps≠∂vAhƒ°p tXm∂n.

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 47

en v‰ns‚ ASpsØØnbt∏mƒ Ahƒ \n∂p. AhnsS AXp\SØp∂ in]mbnbp≠mbncp∂n√. F∂mepw AXn¬ IbdnhmXneS®v Ahƒ kzn®v Aa¿Øn. Hcp XI¿®bpsS BZykzcßtfmsS AXp s]s´∂v Db¿∂p. Xm≥ BImiØnemsW∂pw CSn apgßp∂psh∂pw Ahƒ°p tXm∂n. At∏mgmWv,Ahƒ en v‰ns‚ AIØp Xq°nbncp∂ t_m¿Uv I≠Xv.

"en v‰v tISph∂ncn°p∂p, A]ISw.' ]n∂oSv F√mbnSØpwCcp´p amXambn; i–n°p∂, K¿Pn°p∂ Hcp Ccp v. Ahƒ°vAXn¬\n∂v Hcn°epw ]n∂oSv ]pdØp ISt°≠nh∂n√.

lb¿ sk°‚dn48

Ata-cn°

C∂v Hm^o-kn¬h®v D®-bq-Wp-I-gn™v ]Xn-hp≈ ab-°-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ Rm≥ A—s\ kz]v\w I≠p; sImsºgp∂ Hcpkz]v\w. Im´n¬\n∂v th´bmSn sIm≠ph∂ Hcp Ieams‚incv wKnbmbn apdns®SpØv ]qapJ®pacn¬ Dd∏n®psIm≠vA—≥ AΩtbmSp hnfn®p ]d™p: ""t\m°q tZhq, Cßs\Cu Npacmb NpacXbpw Im´nse XeIƒ h∂p \ndbpw. \ns‚ASp°f®pacnte°v Hcp knwlØe!''

F∂n´v Xs‚ ssIbnep≠mbncp∂ Cc´°pg¬-tXm°n¬apØan´psIm≠v A—≥ AItØ°p Ibdn kz]v\w AS®p.

Geqcnse Hcp F¬.]n. kvIqfn¬ A[ym]I\mbncp∂pFs‚ A—≥, Xs‚ kz]v\ßfn¬ t]mepw I≠ncn°m\nSbn√mØ Hcp cwKambncp∂p AXv. ImSpw tXm°pw \mbm´psams°F¬.]n. kvIqƒ ]mTßtf°mƒ FXtbm Kl\amWv! F¶nepwkz]v\ßsf hniIe\w sNbvXp t\m°p∂ Fs‚ ioew, CuhnNnXcwKØns‚ ImcWhpw F\n°p Is≠Øn Ø∂p.RßfpsS ]pXnb hoSns‚ ]qapJ®pacn¬ Xq°m≥ HcpIYIfnØe thWsa∂v Fs‚ `mcy XpS¿®bmbn ]nSn®\n¿_‘w Xs∂bmbncp∂p AXv.

Rm≥ a\n¬ Ipdn®p: C∂p sshIpt∂cw Hm^okn¬\n∂p aSßptºmƒ c≠p km[\߃ IcptX≠Xp≠v. H∂v,πmÿ Hm v ]mcokn¬ Xo¿Ø Hcp IYIfnØe. c≠v, k¿°mcns‚ A[o\Xbnep≈ njv koUv manse kplrØv X¶®≥clkyambn F\n°p \¬Imsat∂‰ncn°p∂ FIvkvt]m¿´vIzmfn‰nbp≈ sIm©v.

^njv koUv manse henb tIm¨Io‰v Pekw`cWnIfn¬]pfbv°p∂ apgpØ sIm©pIsf°pdn®p ]d™v hfsc aptº

kp`m-jvN-µ≥

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 49

X¶®≥ Fs∂ sImXn∏n®ncp∂p. ""Hcp ]n©pIp™ns‚Iønt\mfw hcpw Hmtcm sIm©pw'' F∂ Ahs‚ kmtaym‡n,AXns‚ ]mk`wKnsbt∏mepw hnKWn®v BZyw Fs∂ \Sp°n°fs™¶nepw, Atacn°bnte°v Ib‰n Ab°m≥ amXambn]cn]men°s∏Sp∂ sIm©pIsf Xn∂m≥ In´p∂Xp `mKyamsW∂v Ah≥ ]d™t∏mƒ Rm\Xn¬ apKv[\mbnØo¿∂p. C∂p cmhnse t^mWneqsS Ah≥ ]d™ ImcyamIs´,Fs∂ tImcnØcn∏n°pIXs∂ sNbvXp:

""sshIpt∂cw CXphgn h∂m¬ \n\°p Rm≥ clkyambnA©mdp sIm©pIsfØcmw. sIm≠pt]mbn \√ shfns®Æbn¬ s]mcn®v Ru Ru F∂v Nh®v Xn∂v! C∂p cmXn \ns‚]pXnb hoSv Hcp sIm®p Atacn°bmIs´!''

Hm^okv hn´ndßnbt∏mƒ BZyw Rm≥ IuXpIhkvXp°ƒhn¬°p∂ ISbn¬ IYIfnØe hmßm≥ t]mbn. h≠ns‚tXmSpIƒ IagvØnsbm´n® IncoSw, a\tbme, Np´nØnf°wF∂pth≠, hnS¿°Ænse irwKmcw t]mepw πmÿ Hm^v]mcoknte°p ka¿Yambn ]cmh¿Ø\w sNøs∏´ incpIfn¬\n∂v HscÆw Rm≥ Xncs™SpØp. IS°mc≥ ZambnISemkn¬ s]mXn™psI´nsb¶nepw ]®bpsS IncoSap\,s]mXn Xpf®p ]pdtØ°p Nq≠n\n∂Xv Fs∂ Atemkcs∏SpØn. Np´nbn´ incns\ ISbn¬ hn¬∏\hkvXphm°m≥hn v CXns‚ I_‘w GtXm Ifnhnf°n\p ap∂n¬ BSnØna¿°p∂ Hcp Zpxkz]v\w Fs∂ ImØncn∏ps≠∂v F\n°dnbmambncp∂p.

I¿°SIØns‚ ojWn sshIpt∂cw \KcØns‚ BImisØ ]pI]nSn∏n®ncp∂p. sh≈bpw \oebpw bqWnt^maWn™v, apJ߃°pt]mepw hyXymkans√∂p tXm∂n∏n®kvIqƒ Ip´nIƒ°nSbneqsS BbmkIcambn kvIq´tdmSn®vRm≥ X¶®s‚ njv koUv mante°p Xncn®p.

Gsd°mewIqSn ImWp∂Xns‚ kt¥mjtØmsS X¶®≥Fs∂ kzoIcn®p. "^njv koUv mw' F∂ t_m¿Uv h® HcpsNdnb sI´nShpw c≠p henb tIm¨Io‰v IpfßfpwtN¿∂Xmbncp∂p Ahs‚ ]WnbnSw. Xmtg°v hoXn Ipd™phcp∂ coXnbn¬ ]WnX Ipfßfn¬, hnsØdn™p hf¿Ønba’y߃ Pe∏c∏nse I¿°SItaLßsf Nn∂n®nXdn®psIm≠ncp∂p. Ign™ Znhkw s]bvX agbn¬ IcIhn™IpfØn¬\n∂v c£s∏Sm≥ ian®XmWv GXm\pw

lb¿ sk°‚dn50

sIm©pIƒ. Xm\pw skIyqcn‰n°mc\pw tN¿∂v Ahsbka¿Yambn ]nSnIqSnbsXßs\sb∂v X¶®≥ A`n\bn®pImWn®p.

""¢n‚s‚ \mSnt\°mƒ \√Xv \ΩpsS hdN´nXs∂bmsW∂v]mh߃ Dd∏n®p ImWpw!'' X¶®≥ Nncn®psIm≠p ]d™p.

Ahs‚ taibv°ncp]pdhpambn Ccp∂p R߃ ]eXpwkwkmcn®p. Atacn°≥ am¿°‰nse sIm©ns‚ hnesb∏‰n,FIvkvt]m¿´nMv Iº\nIsf∏‰n, tamWn° ehn≥kvIn F∂Atacn°°mcnsb]‰n- Aßs\ ]eXns\∏‰nbpw X¶®≥hmNme\mbn. Nncn®t∏mƒ Ahs‚ Zp¿taZns‚ XncbnfIn.

""\ns‚ ]pXnb ho´nte°v Rms\mcn°¬ hcp∂p≠v.InkvXy≥ tImtfPns‚ Xncnhp Ign™v F∂t√ ]d™Xv''˛ X¶®≥ tNmZn®p.

""`mcysbbpwIq´n hm'' Rm≥ £Wn®p: ""InkvXy≥ tImtfPns‚ Xncnhp Ign™p≈ BZysØ CShgnbn¬ ssh‰v lukvIgn™v.''

""ssh‰vlukv?''

""t]Snt°≠. Hcp hº≥ hoSns‚ t]cm. AhnSsØ Xmak°msc Rm\nXphsc ]cnNbs∏´n´n√. GXmbmepw Ct∏msgs‚ hnemkw AXmWv'' ˛ Rm≥ ]d™p.

""\√ hnemkw'' ˛ Fs‚ tNm‰p]mXw Xpd∂v AXn¬A©mdp apgpØ sIm©pIsf hf®p aS°nh®psIm≠vX¶®≥ ]d™p: ""]ns∂ Cu sIm©pIfpsS Imcywclkyambncn°s´. \o CXn\p apºv Cu FIvkvt]m¿ v Izmfn‰nIgn®n´pt≠m?''

ihicoc߃ F∂p hnfn°m≥ tbmKyXbp≈ sIm©pIfpsS henb icocØnepw Nq≠h≈nt]mse apJØn\ncphiØpw \o≠pInS∂ AhbpsS kv]¿in\nIfnepw Rm≥t\m°n. Bephm∏pgbn¬ hfsc A]q¿hambn amXw, IShnse I√pIƒ°nSbn¬ Bf\°an√mØ t\cØv A—≥Im´nØ∂ \mWwIpWpßnIfmb sIm©pIsf Hm¿Øp.X¶®≥ tNm‰p]mXØn¬ IpØn\ndbv°ptºmƒ sIm©pIfpsS Nn√p]S®´ s]m´p∂Xns‚ i–w i≤n®psIm≠v Rm≥]d™p : ""Ht∂m ct≠m XhW.''

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 51

Ccp´pwapºv X¶®\pw Rm\pw Cdßn. Pe∏c∏n¬Xpºn®ndIpIƒ kr„n®p IpfØn¬ ]pfbv°p∂ a’yßfpsS a¿acw Ahkm\n∏n®psIm≠v RßfpsS kvIq´dpIƒi–n®p. ]n∂oSv ImWmsa∂p ]d™p R߃ c≠p hgn°p]ncn™p.

Cs∂mcp ZnhktØ°v I¿°SIw ssIae¿Øn \n¬°p∂Xn¬ Bizkn®psIm≠v Rm≥ ho´ntes°Øn. tK‰v Xpd∂vkna‚n´ CØncn ap‰Øv kvIq´¿ HXp°nh®p ho´nte°pIbdptºmƒØs∂ `mcy ]d™p: ""Cs∂¥mbmepw AXpI≠p]nSn°Ww. ]Isems° b¶c \m‰ambncp∂p.''

""CXm \n\°p≈ IYIfnØe.'' hnjbw am‰m\mbn ISemkps]mXn \o´ns°m≠p Rm≥ ]d™p . Ahƒ AXp Xpd°pwapºp tNm‰p]mXw \o´n AhfpsS kt¥mjw Cc´n∏n°m≥Rm≥ ian®p: ""CXm, AØmgØn\p s]mcn°m≥ Ipd®psIm©v. DK≥ FIvkvt]m¿ v Izmfn‰n!''

""icn°pw?'' ho´ΩbpsS `mhw AhfpsS IÆpIfn¬ h´whnS¿∂p.

""icn°pw!'' Rm≥ ]d™p: ""AXpw km£m¬ Atacn°bnte°p≈ Ib‰paXnØcw!''

s]mXn apgp-h≥ Agn°msX Xs∂ Ahƒ IYIfnØeXncnsI \o´n: ""\n߃ CXp Npacn¬ Xq°q. Rm\t∏mtg°pwCXp s]mcn°m≥ t\m°s´. ]ns∂ B hrØnsI´ \m‰Øns‚ImcWw Is≠Øn AsXmgnhm°nbm¬ \ap°nXp IqSpX¬BkzZn®p Ign°mw.''

AXmbncp∂p c≠paq∂p Znhkambn´p≈ ]iv\w, klnsI´Ft¥m \m‰w. I¿°SIagbpsS Xna¿∏n¬, hnZqc`qXØn¬\ns∂∂t]mse Xncn®dnbs∏Sm\mImØ Hcp Zp¿K‘ambnAXp RßfpsS ]pXnb hoSn\p ta¬ s]m‰IpØn\n¬°pIbmbncp∂p. t\cancp´n°gn™p. Ip´nIfpsS klmbtØmsSCu Zp¿K‘Øns‚ thcv C∂pXs∂ Is≠Øpsa∂v Rm≥clkyi]Yw sNbvXp.

""]nt≈schnsS?'' Rm≥ tNmZn®p.

""AXp tNmZn°m\pt≠m?'' Ahƒ AIsØ apdnbnte°v \ocktØmsS t\m°nbn´v tNm‰p]mXhpambnASp°fbnte°p t]mbn.

lb¿ sk°‚dn52

Rm≥ hkvXw amdn IYIfnØe Npacn¬ Dd∏n°m\mbnHcp BWn°p th≠n ]cXm≥ XpSßn. BWn X∏p∂tXm-sSm∏w Hcp Zp¿K‘Øns‚ DdhnSw ho´n\IØpXs∂bmtWmF∂pw Rm≥ Is≠Øm≥ ian®p. Ip´nIƒ Sn.hn. ImWp∂apdnbn¬ AhcpsS ImgvNsb ]eXhW XSs∏SpØns°m≠vRm≥ Xeßpw hneßpw \S∂p. BdphbpImc≥ aI\pw\mephbpImcn aIfpw ]Xnhpt]mse Imf°ÆpItfmsSSn.hn. t\m°nbncn°pIbmbncp∂p. I∂namkØnse ]´nIsft∏mse \mbI\pw \mbnIbpw ]c°w ]mbp∂ Km\ßfn¬\n∂mtWm B K‘w hcp∂sX∂v kwibn®v Hcp\nanjw Rm≥\n∂p. ImgvN hneßnbXn\p Ip´nIƒ Fs∂ Ip‰w ]d™p.A£c߃ apgph\pw ]Tn®p Ign™n´n√mØ aIƒ Xs‚ssIbnencp∂ dntam´vI¨tSmfns‚ sam´pIfn¬ Ip™phncepIƒsIm≠v sXm¶nsØm´p Ifn®p. hoSn\p apIfn¬ LSn∏n® Unjv B‚n\bpsS ae¿Ønh® IpSbneqsS ]eXcwImgvNIƒ AhfpsS CwKnXa\pkcn®p hoSn\ItØ°p tNm¿s∂men®psIm≠ncp∂p.

]gsbmcp XIc∏m´bn¬\n∂p hf™p Xpcpºn® c≠vBWnIƒ Rm≥ Is≠SpØp. s]mXnbgn®v IYIfn∏® Rm≥kt¥mjtØmsS Ip´nIsf ImWn®p.

""F¥m CXv?'' aI≥ tNmZn®p.

""F¥p tXm∂p∂p?''

""Hcp Xe!'' aI≥ AZv pXtØmsS AXn¬ sXm´p.

""lmbv! F¥ns‚ Xebm CXv?'' aIƒ tNmZn®p.

adp]Sn ]dbmsX Rm≥ ]qapJ®pacn¬ BWnbSn®p Ib‰n.

]pdØv Ccp´v Xnc»oe ]nSn®pIgn™ncp∂p. IYIfnØeDd∏n®Xn\p tijw tSm¿®pambn ]pdØndßpw apºv Rm≥Ip´nIsf hnfn°m≥ sN∂p. Ah¿ Sn. hn. Hm^m°n ^mj≥]tcUv Ifn°m≥ XpSßnbncp∂p. ssU\nMv tS_nfns\thZnbm°n, Xs‚ Ip´nØw \nd™ jÕn amXan´,v Acbn¬h´w ]nSn® tXm¿Øpap≠v ]pX®pw ]ns∂ Agn®p hoinbpw\mephbpImcn aIƒ ]q®\SØw ]Z¿in∏n®p. ssIhncepIƒ ]nW®p tIm¿Øv ImadbpsS apZbpambn aI≥ssU\nMv tS_nfn\p Np‰pambn HmSn\S∂v "Ivcm°v Ivcm°v'i–tØmsS NncnbpsS vfmjpIƒ an∂n®p. ssU\nMv tS_nfn\p apIfn¬ BZy h´w Ign™t∏mƒ aIƒ tXm¿Øv hen

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 53

s®dn™psIm≠v AhfpsS tN´t\mSv ASpØ sF‰w sIm©n∏d™p: ""C\n sF®cm dmbn hcm≥ t]mWp!''

tSm¿®v an∂n®psIm≠v hoSn\p Np‰pap≈ Ccp´n¬ Rm≥]cXn \S∂p. \mepsk‚n¬, hoSp Ign™p≈ CØncn ÿeØv CWtNcp∂ c≠p t]m°≥ XhfIsfb√msX as‰m∂pwIs≠Øm≥ F\n°p Ign™n√ . \n∂ \n¬∏n¬ NØp No™hensbmcp kXzsØt∏mse ImWs∏´ sXm´∏pdsØ Iq‰≥hoSns‚ `mKsØØnbt∏mƒ Rm≥ \n∂p. AgpInb hWßsft∏mse B hoSns‚ ]e`mKØp \n∂pw shfn®w s]m´nsbmen®p h∂p. th≠X shfn®an√mØ B hoSns‚ ]n≥`mKØv Btcm \n¬°p∂ps≠∂p tXm∂n Rm≥ hº≥ aXn¬tN¿∂p \n∂v G¥n hen™v Atßm´p tSm¿®v sXfn®p.

\nemhp t]mse kuayamb tSm¿®ns‚ shfn®Øn¬ Rßsf c≠paq∂p Znhkambn izmkw ap´n°p∂ Zp¿K‘Øns‚ImcWw sXfn™p: tXm¿ØpamXapSpØ Hcp tXm´∏Wn°mc≥, …m_pIƒ AS¿Øn \o°nb sk]v‰nIv Sm¶n¬\n∂v_°‰n¬ hnk¿Pyw tImcn sXm´∏pdsØ Hcp a¨Ipgnbn¬\ndbv°pIbmbncp∂p.

as‰mcmfpsS kzImcyXbnte°p shfn®w hoim\p≈ssha\kytØmsS tSm¿®v ]n≥hen® B \nanjØn¬,Imeßfmbn \nd™pIhn™ AtaZytiJcØns‚]I¿®°mgvNbn¬, a\pjyhnk¿Pyw X¶®s‚ ^njvkoUv^manse sIm©pIsft∏mseØs∂ Poh≥-h®p ]nSbv°p∂Xmbn F\n°p tXm∂n.

tSm¿®ns‚ an∂¬ I≠v ssh‰vlukv F∂ B hoSns‚\mY\mbncn°Ww, Fs‚ ASptØ°p h∂p. aXnen\p apIfn¬s]mßn°≠ Fs‚ s\‰nbn¬ t\m°n c≠pamksØ Ab¬]°_‘Ønse BZysØ Nncn Abmƒ Nncn®p.

""ltem...''

Abmƒ H‰ hm°n¬ ]cnNbs∏´p. Ccp´n¬ tX‰t]mseXnfßnb ]√pIƒ Ft∂mSp ]d™p:

""tkmdn t^m¿ Z Unkvt‰¿_≥kv. agbn√mØ Znhkwt\m°n Sm¶v ¢o\m°Wsa∂p IcpXnbn v C∂mWv Ign™Xv.''

s]cpIns∏cpIn h∂ Zp¿K‘Øns‚ tImSbn¬ AIs∏´pt]mbXpsIm≠v AØmgw t]mepw Ign°m\mImsX Rm≥

lb¿ sk°‚dn54

]qapJsØ Itkcbn¬ h∂ncp∂p. AklyXIsf klyam°m\p≈ kvXobpsS P∑hmk\bpsS _eØmemIWw, Fs‚`mcy sIm©p Iq´n DuWp Ign°p∂Xv Rm≥ I≠p.

H∂n\mepw _m[n°s∏SmsX ]ckv]cw X´n∏dn®pw ]gn]d™pw AIØv a°ƒ AXym¿ØntbmsS sIm©v Ign®psIm≠ncp∂p.

\mbm´n¬ IgpØdp°s∏Sp∂ Im´parKsØt∏mse Zb\obamb Hcp Rc°w ]qapJ®pacn¬\n∂v Dbcp∂Xmbdn™vRm≥ apJapb¿Ønt\m°n. apdn°s∏´ IgpØn¬\n∂pXmtg°v Hen®ndßn Npacn¬ h®pXs∂ I´bmb tNmct]mseIdpØ NW\mcpIfpsS Hcp \nc Xq°nb IYIfnØe Np≠∏qhn´ Nph∏≥ IÆpIƒ sIm≠v Fs∂ Xpdn®p t\m°p∂Xmbn I≠v Rm≥ \Spßn.

(]dpZokm\„w)

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 55

IÆm-Sn-bnepwh¿Ø-am-\-]-X-Ønepwhnizkn-°p-tºmƒ

Fw. apIpµs‚ "t^mt´m' F∂ IY hfsc efnXamWv. CuIYbneqsS apIpµ≥ kz¥w ImeL´Øns‚ kZmNmc NcnXsagpXpIbmbncp∂p. _menIm]oU\amWv IYbnse ]tabw.Ft∏msgms°tbm CØcw Nne hm¿ØIƒ ]XßfneqsS\ap°p In´ns°m≠ncp∂p. hm¿Ø IYbmIp∂ ImeamWnXv.am¿Iznkv X´ns°m≠pt]mIens‚ IY ]dbp∂p. F≥. Fkv.am[h≥ "XncpØv' FgpXp∂p. Ct∏mƒ hm¿Ø ]d™vckn∏n°pIsb∂Xv IYbpsS ]XybimkvXamhpIbmWv.IY, hm¿ØmJym\Øns‚ (News Narrative) ]p\¿-cN\bmIpIbmWv. aebmfnbpsS Ct∏mgsØ a\ns\ CØcw IYIƒ]nSns®Sp°p∂p. mh\ FXI≠v Akm[mcWamsW¶nepwAXns‚ thcpIƒ Adnbs∏´ temIØnemsW∂ kXywXpd∂p]dbp∂ IYIƒ D≠mhpIbmWv. F∂m¬, apIpµs‚IY ChnsS Hcp A\p`hsØ D®cn°pIbmWv. F∂meXn¬_mehnImcßfpsS hniIe\ap≠v. ChnsS NcnXØns‚t^mt´mbnte°v apIpµ≥ t\m°pIbmWv. hm¿ØIsf]tabam°pI hgn NcnXØns‚ ]tabßsf hniIe\wsNøpIbmWv. NcnXØn¬\n∂v efnXambn D≤cn°p∂IYbmWnXv. ChnsS NcnXsØ Hcp ]gb kw`hambn hnfn®phcpØpIb√ sNøp∂Xv. \sΩ Hcp]mSv thZ\n∏n°p∂PohnXkmlNcyw F∂ \nebn¬ NcnXhpambn XmZmflyw]m]n°m\p≈ km[yX Cu IYbneqsS apIpµ≥ kr„n

sI.-]n. A∏≥

lb¿ sk°‚dn56

°p∂p. IYbn¬ AKm[amb A¿Y߃ H∂pw Xs∂bn√.ImcWw, Aßs\ Is≠Øm≥ AKm[amb A¿Y߃H∂pwXs∂bn√mbncn°mw. F√mw Hcp D]cnπhXbn¬ AhXcn∏n°p∂ ]XoXn kr„n°s∏Sp∂p. ImadbpsS km∂n[ywsIm≠ph∂v kmt¶XnI dnbenkØns‚ L\an√mØ HcpXeØneqsS A\p`hßsf ISØnhnSp∂sXßs\ F∂pImWn®pXcp∂p. _mea\ns‚ \njvI]Samb mhw IYbnepS\ofw ImWmw. IYsbgpXptºmƒ apIpµ\pw \njvI]Samsbmcp a\v t\SnsbSpØncp∂p F∂p \ap°p tXm∂p∂p.\njvI]Samsbmcp a\n\v BhnjvIcn°m≥ F¥p≠v?bmYm¿Yyw amXw. `mjbpsS AXnKw`oc\ymb߃ H∂pwChnsSbn√. F∂m¬, Cu IYbn¬ NcnXØns‚ ]ISn∏n°mØ hmNmeXbp≠v. CXn¬ \ΩpsS kZmNmcNcnXØns‚bmYm¿Yyw aqSnh®ncn°p∂p. Hcp ]nf¿∏ns\ apIpµ≥ emfnXyw sIm≠p s]mXnbp∂p. AXp shfn®Øn¬ bmYm¿YysØHfn®phbv°p∂ D∂Xamb IebmWv.

F¥mWv "t^mt´m'bnse ]tabw? hfsc sNdpXmWXv.F∂m¬, Hcp]mSv thZ\n∏n°p∂Xv. _menI ]hnXhkvXphmsW∂ AdnhmWv ChnsS \in∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv. hfsc sIm®pIp´nIfmbncp∂p jo\bpw A`nemjpw. ]Xßfnse hnhmlt^mt´mIƒ Ah¿°v Nne BKlßsf√mw \¬In. H∂ns®mcp NnXsaSp°Wsa∂p tXm∂n. Ipd®p Imip kºmZn®p.]ns∂ temIsØ AdnbmØXpsIm≠p≈ ss[cyw. Aßs\Ah¿ ÃpUntbmbn¬ FØp∂p. t^mt´m FSpØp. F∂m¬Imiv XnIbn√mbncp∂p. jo\bv°p Ic®n¬ h∂p. t^mt´mKm^¿ Ahsc hg°p ]d™n√. F∂m¬ c≠pt]cpw Ip∏mbwDucm≥ ]d™p. F∂n´v AhcpsS \·t^mt´msbSpØp.ASpØ Znhkw Abmƒ Ah¿°pth≠n ImØp\n∂p.\·t^mt´m ImWn®v Ip´nIsf Abmƒ bs∏SpØn. HSphn¬jo\sb ssk°nfns‚ apºnencpØn Abmƒ ssk°ntfmSn®pt]mbn. Aßs\ _menI ]hnXhkvXphmsW∂kZmNmc imkvXØns‚ hnizmkw \in∏n°s∏Sp∂p.CsX√mw ]Xhm¿ØIfnse \mSIobXsbt∏mepw Hgnhm°ns°m≠mWv apIpµ≥ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. cN\m]cambemfnXyØns‚ arZpeXsb s]m´n®v, IYbpsS Ahkm\wcq]s∏Sp∂ bmX\m ZriysØt∏mepw apIpµ≥ hnhcn°msXhnSp∂p. F∂n´pw B sNdp_menIbpsS Ahÿ Hcp Xcfs∏cpºdbmbn ]Xhm¿ØIsf Hm¿Ωn∏n°p∂p. Cu IY\ap°p hm¿Øbpw hm¿Øsb°pdn®p≈ tamUepamWv.

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 57

IY hmbn®h¿°v Hcp kwibhpw D≠mIp∂n√. \njvIf¶c‡w ]oUn∏n°s∏´Xns‚ t]Sn∏n°p∂ NnXw efnXambnIYmIrØv hc®nSpIbmWv. AXn\p Xo£vWh¿W߃D]tbmKn°p∂n√. F∂m¬ Ip™pßsf°pdn®p≈ Hcp]mSvImcy߃ IYbpsS ]n∂nse A\p`hhpw Nn¥bpambn \ap°pIn´p∂p. Ip™p߃ \ΩpsS kzXzØns‚ ss\c¥cyamWv.Ip™pßsf°mWptºmƒ \mw \ΩpsS AacXzØn¬ BÀmZn°p∂p. CsX√mamWv "t^mt´m'F∂ IYbn¬ XI¿°s∏Sp∂Xv. C∂v Hcp tI°v sImSpØm¬ \msf tKm]pcØn¬\n∂p NmSmsa∂v A©chbp≈ Ip´n kΩXn°pw. ImcWwdqtm ]dbp∂Xpt]mse \msf F¥msW∂v Ah\dn™pIqSm. hmKvZm\Øns‚ A¿Ysa¥msW∂pw Ah\dn™pIqSm.F∂m¬, N¥nbn¬ \√ ASnsImSpØm¬ Ah≥ hmKvZm\w]men°pw. CXp hmKvZm\w ]men°mØXp icnbs√∂vAdnbmØXpsIm≠√. adn®v, ASnsIm≈p∂Xp NoØ G¿∏mSmsW∂v Ah≥ anem°p∂XpsIm≠mWv. AXn\m¬kmaqlnIPohnXØn\pw A©chbp≈ Ip´n°pw CSbn¬Hcp ZpcqlXbp≠v. AXn\p ]cnlmcan√. F´phbp≈ Ip´nImcy߃ a\nem°p∂p. apIpµs‚ IYbnse jo\ aq∂mw¢mkn¬ ]Tn°p∂ Ip´nbmWv. Cu ]mbØnse Ip´nIƒ Ah¿C„s∏Sp∂Xp sNøpw. amXm]nXm°∑msc ad®psIm≠v C„ap≈sX√mw sNøpw. kXyk‘X \√XmsW¶nepw \pW]dbp∂Xn¬ \n∂v Cu ]mbØnse Ip´nIƒ c£s∏Sp∂n√.F n\pw ]¥≠n\pw CSbvs°Øptºmƒ Hcp Ip n \msf F¥msW∂v hy‡ambn Adnbp∂p. AXn\m¬ Ah≥/Ahƒ \mfsØ thZ\ Hgnhm°m≥ C∂sØ B\µw ths≠∂phbv°p∂p. F∂m¬, _mlyPohnXØns‚ kΩ¿Zw Gdptºmƒ Cu bp‡nbpw XI¿∂pt]mIp∂p. CXmWv jo\bv°pwA`nemjn\pw kw`hn®Xv. ]Xßfn¬ hcp∂ hnhmlt^mt´mAh¿°v ]tem`\ambncp∂p.

Cu IYbn¬ \nd™p\n¬°p∂Xv Ip™pßfpsS NnXamWv. hncpt≤m‡nIƒ°pth≠nbpw apIpµ≥ Ip™pßsfI¬-∏\bmbn kzoIcn°p∂p. _menIm]oU\Øn\v HcpsºSp∂ t^mt´mKm^sd apIpµ≥ ]e]mhiyw hn]coXe£Wbn¬ Ip™mbn AhXcn∏n°p∂Xp ImWmw. aoih®Ip´nbptSXpt]msebmbncp∂p AbmfpsS apJw. Abmƒ HcpIp™ns\t∏mse Nncn®psIm≠ncp∂p F∂nßs\bp≈t\¿atbdnb \nco£W߃ AhbpsS hn]coX`mhØn

lb¿ sk°‚dn58

te°p \sΩ efnXambn Iq´ns°m≠p t]mIp∂p. CXp ]Xy£hncpt≤m‡nbmWv. hncpt≤m‡nIƒ t]mepw Ip™ns‚EPphmb bp‡nbn¬ hcp∂p. Cu ]Xy£hncpt≤m‡nB[p\nIm\¥c kwthZ\Øns‚ t]cWbn¬\n∂mWvD≠mIp∂Xv.

hnImcßfpsS A\n›nXXzw B[p\nIIYIsf A\n›nXXzØns‚ cN\bm°n am‰nbncp∂p. Ct∏mƒ hnImcØns‚hy‡X IYsb Xo¿®bpsS cN\bm°n am‰p∂p. Bflobapt∂‰sØ ]m]n°m\p≈ am¿Ksa∂ \nebv°p≈ IeChnsS Ahkm\n°p∂p. F∂meXp kmaqlnI apt∂‰Øn\p≈ i‡n F∂ \nebnep≈ Iebpw A√. AXpwXpS®pam‰s∏Sp∂p. CXp \ne\n¬-∏ns‚ Zm¿i\nIambAhÿb√; \ne\n¬-∏pXs∂bmWv. t\¿Øv, AkmµambXvF∂ \nebn¬ \ne\n¬-∏v NnXoIcn°s∏SpIbmWv. IYbpsS[¿aw amdp∂p. hm¿ØIfnse ITn\amb bmYm¿Yyw Xncn®phcp∂p. Bfl ⁄m\]chpw KlWmXoXhpamb `mh߃°pta¬ ITn\ bmYm¿Yyw hna¿i\]camb B[n]Xywÿm]n°p∂p. A ßs\ "t^mt´m' bnse apIpµs‚ ImgvN∏mSvB[p\nI Z¿i\ t_m[Øns\Xnsc k©cn°p∂p.IYbn¬\n∂v DZmØaqey ߃ ]pd¥≈s∏Sp∂p. F∂n´pcN\sb NcnXhpambn´p≈ kwhmZam°n am‰p∂p. ]n∂oSvAXn\pa∏pdtØ°p t]mbn IYsb NcnXØn¬ \mw I≠bmYm¿YyØns‚ tamUem°n am‰p∂p. Cu IYbn¬_meyImeØns‚ kq£vaamb hni Ie\ap≠v. _meyØns‚kz`mh߃ Hcp]mSmWv. emfnXy Øns‚ kz`mhßfpwHcp]mSmWv. F∂m¬, CXn¬ \ap°dn bmØ _meyhpw\ap°dnbmØ emfnXyhpap≠v. AXmWv apIpµ≥ ChnsSkr„n°p∂Xv.

ChnsS IYmImc\pw hnjbhpw XΩnep≈ _‘w, IYbpsS`mjsb \n¿Wbn°pIbmWv. AXpw FX kzm`mhnIambn!Im´n¬ P\n®v ]dhItfmSpw acßtfmSpw \nc¥cw kwkmcn®vhensbmcp KmbI\mbnØo¿∂ Hcmƒ, kXyw ]dbptºmƒP\n°p∂ emfnXyamWnXv. am°nsh√n DØcm[p\nIXbnseemfnXysØ \n¿hNn°p∂Xv Cuhn[amWv. Cu emfnXysØ\n¿hNn°m≥ am°nsh√n Ime∏gabnte°mWp t]mbXv.ho≠pw Hcp IpXn∏n¬ At±lw IemImcs‚ Ipe∏gabnte°pt]mIp∂p. "t^mt´m'bnse emfnXyw CØcw \njvI]Samsbmcp a\n¬\n∂p h∂ emfnXyamWv.

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 59

apIpµs‚ IY \ΩpsS ImeL´Øns‚ t^mt´mbmWv.ImeØns‚ NnXßsf Iebv°\pIqeamb coXnbn¬ IYmIrØv ChnsS hyXnNen∏n°pIbmWv. ChnsS Imad HcpASbmfamWv. kr„ni‡nbpsS ÿm\Øv Imad ÿm]n°s∏Sp∂Xns‚ Nn”amWv Cu IY. acn® \ne\n¬-∏ns\ ImWn°m≥ \n›eXbpsS Ie klmbIambnØocmw. Imadhy‡XbpsS Ie amXa√ kr„n°p∂Xv. bmYm¿Yyw Imadbnte°v AXpt]mseØs∂ IS∂phcpIbmWv. hyhkmb]ckyßfpsS hntem`\obXbpambn _‘s∏´ Imad DØcm[p\nI`mh\bn¬ t]cWbmbn IS∂pIqSnbn´p≠v. IemImcs\ b¥ØneqsS \nco£n°p∂ Hcph\m°nam‰ns°m≠v,anI® Ie kr„n°pI F∂ ]bmkIcamb ZuXyw C∂vFgpØpImc≥ Gs‰Sp°p∂p. cN\bpsS Cu hgn, temIsØßpap≈ FgpØpImcn¬ Ct∏mƒ ImWmw. Cu hgnbneqsSapIpµ≥ Xt‚Xmb coXnbn¬ k©cn°p∂p. apIpµs‚IYbn¬ cN\ kaqlØns‚ Zriykam\X ]nSns®Sp°p∂Imadt]msebmbnØocp∂p. As√¶n¬ apIpµ≥ cN\sbAßs\sbm∂m°n am‰p∂p. t\¿Ø `mj t^mt´mbpsSt\¿Ø ]XesØ Hm¿Ωn∏n°p∂p. \ntbmdnbenkØns‚kuµcyØn¬ IYbpsS BJym\w \n¿hln°s∏Sp∂p.IYm]mX߃ hcp∂p, t]mIp∂p, kwkmcn°p∂p,hnjan°p∂p. ÃpUntbmbnse ImadbpsS ap∂nse∂t]mseIYmIrØns‚bpw hmb\°mcpsSbpw ho£WØns‚ hfscASpØp\n¬°pIbmWv IYm]mX߃. Imad sNøp∂Xpt]mse IY ChnsS hkvXp°sf AXns‚ `uXnIcq]Øn¬]p\cp¬∏mZn∏n°pIbmWv. t^mt´mbnem°nb Hcp hr£wIhnXbmWv. t^mt´mbnem°nb a\pjycpw IhnXbmWv.ImcWw, imcocnIamb bmYm¿Yyw AXn¬Øs∂ HcpIhnXbmWv. cq]]co£WØns‚ IYb√nXv. AXpt]£n®psIm≠pXs∂ apIpµ≥ FgpXpIbmWv. hm°pIfpsS ]cnanXamb A¿YwsIm≠v kr„n°p∂ henb A\p`hamWnXv.shdpsX Nne Bibßfpw hnhcWßfpw \¬Ip∂p F∂]XoXn kr„n®psIm≠pXs∂ AZv`pXIcamwhn[w B\µwP\n∏n°p∂p. AwKoIcn°s∏´Xpw Bh¿Øn®p]tbmKn®pIgn™Xpamb Hcp BJym\coXnsb t_m[]q¿hw ChnsSD]tbmKn°pIbmWv. F∂n´pw AXp KpWßfpsS k¬°o¿Ønsb ]m]n°p∂p. apIpµ≥ F¥n\nXp sNbvXp? AXphnhcWIebn¬ X\n°p≈ kma¿YyØns‚ hnizmk

lb¿ sk°‚dn60

]IS\amWv. AXn\m¬ "t^mt´m' F∂ IY cN\bnep≈hnizmksØ∏‰nbp≈ Hcp IYbmWv. "t^mt´m'bneqsSapIpµ≥ IYsb [ym\clnXhpw t\cn´p≈Xpamb [mcWbm°n am‰p∂p. cN\ ip≤amb OmbmKlW]≤XnbmhpIbmWv."t^mt´m' shdpsX hmbn®p t]mImhp∂ IYbmWv. F∂m¬IYbmbncn°ptºmƒØs∂ AXv AenJnXamsbmcp kuµcyimkvXw AhXcn∏n°p∂p. AXv amdns°m≠ncn°p∂ apIpµs‚ kuµcyhnNmcßsf km£ys∏SpØp∂p. "t^mt´m' F∂IY cNn®t∏mƒ t\ctØ \n›bn®pd∏n® kt¶Xw F∂ \nebne√msXXs∂ AXn¬ OmbmKlWØns‚ Xo¿∏pIƒIS∂phcpIbmbncp∂p. \ΩpsS Imebfhn¬ BJym\cq]Ønep≈ AhXcWw H∂ns\m∂p ]bmkIcambns°m≠ncn°p∂p. AXv A]Xy£ambns°m≠ncn°p∂p. Cu Imebfhns‚ kz`mhamWnXv. AXn\m¬ Cu Imebfhn¬ ImadbpsStPmen, IebpsS tPmen°p ]IcambnØocpIbmWv. ChnsSapIpµs‚ cN\mhym]mcw ImadbpsS Imcy£aX ]ISn∏n°p∂p. IYm]mXßsf ]ImiwsIm≠p hcbv°pIbmsW∂tXm∂ep≠mIp∂p. apIpµs‚ kwthZ\i‡n ^nenans‚]ImikwthZw ]ISn∏n°p∂p. OmbmKlWØnse∂t]mse, apIpµs‚ IYbnepw ]tab\n¿hlWØn\p klmbn°p∂Xv _mlybmYm¿YyamWv. BJym\Øn¬ sXfnbp∂Xp _mlycq]ßfmWv. OmbmKlWIe _mlycq]ØneqsS a\pjyhy‡nbpsS am\knI`mhw ]nSns®Sp°p∂Xpt]mse Cu IYbnse t^mt´mKm^dpsS Zp„_p≤nBJym\Øns‚ OmbmKlWIesIm≠v apIpµ≥ ]nSns®Sp°p∂p. IYbn¬ kpXmcyXsb Xncn®psIm≠phcp∂p. IYbn¬emfnXysØ \ne\n¿Øp∂p. IYbn¬ ZrVamb D≈S°sØhos≠Sp°p∂p. _p≤n]cam°s∏´ AKm[Xsb IYbnseÿm]\ambn I≠psIm≠v AXns\ Hgnhm°p∂p. CtXmsSm∏w Iem]csa∂p tXm∂p∂ AhXcWsØ IYbn¬\n∂v]ngpsXdnbp∂p. F∂m¬ apIpµ\v CsXmcp ssient]mepa√.shdpsX bmYm¿YysØ AXmbnØs∂ ÿm]n°pIbmWv.CsX√mw ImadbpsS hym]mcw cN\bpsS hym]mcamIptºmƒkw`hn°p∂ ImcyßfmWv. F∂m¬ apIpµs‚ cN\ samØØn¬ Hcp kqNIamWv. CXp kuµcy£bßfpsS ImebfhmsW∂ bmYm¿YysØ Ne\mflIam°pwhn[w Imad BJym\Øns‚ ÿm\w Gs‰Sp°pIbmWv. DØcm[p\nI NnXIebpsS Cu FXn¿kuµcykwlnX kzm`mhnIambn D¬∏mZn∏n®

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 61

IYbmWv apIpµs‚ "t^mt´m.' IÆmSnbnepw h¿Øam\]XØnepw hniz-kn-°cp-sX∂v tPm¨ Hmkvt_m¨ ]≠p ]d-™p.apIp-µ≥ Cu IY-bn-eqsS IÆm-Sn-bnepw h¿Ø-am\]X-Ønepwhnizkn°m≥ hmb\°mtcmSp ]dbp∂p. AXn\m¬ "t^mt´m'F∂ IY Hcp hyXnbm\w kzX¥am°nb kr„nbmWv.

(IY: BJym\hpw A\p`hkØbpw)

]h¿Ø-\-߃

EPphmb BJym\w, [z\ymflIX, \ncewIrXamb mj --Imcqcns‚ ì "tamXncw' F∂ IYbpsS IqSpX¬khntijXIƒ Is≠Øq. Hmtcm∂pw IYbn¬ Fßs\]Xy£amIp∂psh∂p N¿®sNøq.

Ip©p\mbcpw Ip™n°mhΩbpw XΩnep≈ _‘Øns‚hf¿® Imcq¿ NnXoIcn®Xns‚ HuNnXyw N¿®sNøpI.

Fßs\bmWv "tamXncw' Cu IYbpsS tIµamhp∂Xv?\nßfpsS \nKa\߃ AhXcn∏n°pI.

""aebmfIYbpsS hf¿®sb Ipdn°p∂ khntijamsbmcpL´Øns‚ ]Xn\n[m\ßfmWv \thm∞m\IYIƒ.''-hnebncpØpI.

\thm∞m\IYIfnse s]mXp cN\m coXnbn¬ \n∂phyXykvX ambn a\pjya\ns\ BhnjvIcn® IYIfmWvImcqcnt‚Xv. ac∏mhIƒ, ]qhºgw F∂o cN\Iƒ N¿®sNbvXv \nßfpsS A`n]mbw FgpXpI.

\thm∞m\IYIƒ AhXcn∏n®psIm≠v Hcp IYbcßvkwLSn∏n°pI.

AhXcn∏n°mhp∂ IYIƒ -

• _jo¿ - P∑Zn\w

lb¿ sk°‚dn62

• XIgn - sh≈s∏m°Øn¬

• Ddq_v - shfpØ Ip´n

• s]m≥-Ip∂w h¿°n - tamU¬

• efnXmw_nI A¥¿P\w - a\pjy]pXn

`amflIX, arXypt_m[w, kzXz]Xnk‘n XpSßnB[p\nIIYIfpsS s]mXpkhntijXIƒ "]£nbpsSaWw' F∂ IYbnepw ]Xn^en°p∂pt≠m? N¿®sNøpI.

"]£nbpsS aWw' F∂ IYbn¬ acWw A\p`h-thZyamIp∂Xv K‘- Zriy_nw_ßfneqsSbmWv. IYbnseCØcw _nw_߃ Is≠Øn hniIe\w sNøpI.

am[hn°p´nbpsS "]£nbpsS aWw', "DÆn' F∂o IYIƒXmcX-ayw sNbvXv ]tabw, BJym\w F∂nhbnsekhntijXIƒ Is≠ØpI.

""hnImcØns‚ A\n›nXXzw B[p\nIIYsb A\n›n-XXzØns‚ cN\bm°n am‰nbncn°p∂p.'' sI.]n. A∏s‚Cu \nco£WØns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ "]£nbpsSaW'sØ hniIe\w sNøpI.

kmaqlnIhpw kmwkvImcnIhpamb Xo£vWhna¿i\amWv"Atacn°' F∂ IY. IYmkµ¿`߃ kq£vaambnhniIe\w sNbvXv Cu \nco£WØns‚ km[pX]cntim[n°pI.

hm°pIfpsS ]cnanXamb A¿YwsIm≠v IY henbA\p`hßsfbmWv kr„n°p∂Xv F∂v sI.]n. A∏≥\nco£n°p∂p≠t√m.

$ - πmÿ Hm^v ]mcokn¬ Xo¿Ø Hcp IYIfnØe.

- $ k¿°m¿ A[o\Xbnep≈ njv- mw.

-$ apJßfn¬ hyXymkans√∂p tXm∂n∏n°p∂ kvIqƒIp´nIƒ.

-$ I∂namkØnse ]´nIsft∏mse \mbI\pw\mbnIbpw ]c°w ]mbp∂ Km\ßfn¬ \n∂mtWmB K‘w hcp∂sX∂v kwibn®v Hcp \nanjw Rm≥\n∂p.

IYm-ap-Z-Iƒ 63

-$ InkvXy≥ tImtfPns‚ sXcphpIgn™v BZysØhgnbnep≈ ssh‰v-lukv.

]kvXmh\bpsS shfn®Øn¬ IYmkµ¿`ßfpsS[z\nkm[yXIƒ Is≠ØpI.

"tamXnc'Ønepw "Atacn°'bnepw sXfnbp∂ tIcfobkmaqlnI PohnX]cnkcw XmcXayw sNøpI.

"Atacn°' F∂ IYbpsS BZy`mKØv kz]v\߃°vapJyÿm\ap≠v. IYbpsS `mhXew \n¿Wbn°p∂Xn¬ChbpsS ]m[m\yw Is≠ØpI.

B[p\nIm\¥c sNdpIYbpsS GsX√mw khntijXIfmWv "Atacn°' bn¬ ]Xn^en°p∂Xv?

• tamU¬ - s]m≥Ip∂w h¿°n

• sj¿eIv Fw. Sn.

• kemw Atacn° k°dnbF∂o IY-Isf "Ata-cn°' F∂ IY-bp-ambn ]ta-b-X-e-Ønepw BJym-\-Ønepw Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I.

"t^mt´m' Hcp ImeL´Øns‚ kZmNmc-NcnXamsW∂vsI. ]n. A∏≥ ]dbp∂Xns‚ s]mcpsf¥v?

$ ]tabØns‚ ]m[m\yw$ NcnXsØ°pdn®pw h¿Øam\sØ°pdn®pap≈

hniIe\w$ - mjm]camb khntijXIfpsS hni-I-e\w$ -kqNIßfpsS hniIe\w$ -a‰v cN\Ifpambp≈ XmcX-ayw$ kmlnXykn≤m¥ßƒ D]tbmKs∏Spج

"t^mt´m' F∂ IY- \ncq-]Ww sNøp-∂-Xn\v sI.-]n. A∏≥]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ coXn-imkvXw Ch-bm-W-t√m. CØcwLSI߃ ]cnKWn®v "tamXncw,' "]£nbpsS aWw,'"Atacn°' F∂o IYIƒ°pw hniZamb \ncq]W߃Xbmdm°pI.

""\njvI]Samb a\ns‚ FgpØmWv t^mt´m''- Cu]kvXmh\tbmSp \n߃ tbmPn°p∂pt≠m?IYbpsS kØ \njvIf¶XbmWv F∂p ]d-bmtam?

lb¿ sk°‚dn64

\thm∞m\Imew apX¬ DØcm[p\nIImew hscbp≈aebmf sNdpIYbpsS hnImk]cnWma߃ Is≠ØnIpdn∏pIƒ ]_‘߃ apXembh Xbmdm°p∂p.

sNdpIYIƒ A]KYn®v AhbpsS ]tabw, ImeL´w,BhnjvIcWssien Ch a\nem°n BkzmZ\߃,\ncq]W߃ Ch Xbmdm°p∂p.

hyXykvXcN\mssienbnep≈ aebmf sNdpIYIƒIs≠Øn AhbpsS khntijXIƒ kw_‘n®N¿®Ifnepw kwhmZßfnepw G¿s∏Sp∂p.

IYIfpsS BJym\khntijXIƒ hniIe\w sNbvXvskan\mdpIfn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂p

]T\t\´ßƒ

-hym-I-cWw 65`mj F∂ hnkvabw 65

BapJw

`mjsb Bhn-jvIm-c-Øn\p ka¿Y-am-°p∂ AkvXn-hm-

c-amWv hymI-c-Ww. Bb-Xn-\m¬ `mj-bp-sSbpw hymI-c-

W-Øn-s‚bpw ]T\w Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm-Ø-Xm-Wv. Fgp-Øn-

eqsS amX-a-√, P\-X-bpsS \mhn≥Xp-ºn-eq-sS-bp-amWv mj

Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. D®m-c-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-X-Øz-߃

Dƒs°m≠v amXr- m-jsb \mw kao-]n-t°≠XmWv. icn-

bmb D®m-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw \√ mjm-]-tbm-K-Øns‚bpw

ASn-ÿm-\-[m-c-W-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-amb bqWn-

‰m-Wn-Xv.

`mj F∂ hnkvabwaq∂v

lb¿ sk°‚dn66

aebmfØnse A£camebn¬ Xmsg ImWn°p∂ A£c߃ ASßnbncn°p∂p:

ta¬°mWn® 53 D®mcWßfn¬ Hmtcm∂pw Hmtcmh¿WamIp∂p. aebmfhm°pIƒ BkIew Chsb am‰nbpwadn®pw Iq´nt®¿Øm¬ DfhmIp∂htb D≈q. "I' apX¬ " '

A£-c-ameF. B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

kzcw

kam-\m-£cw k‘y-£cw

lkzw : A C D E F H ˛ ˛ 7Zo¿Lw : B Cu Du G Hm sF Hu 9 16

hyRvP\w

Jcw AXn-Jcw arZp tLmjw A\p˛ h¿Kw \mknIw

I J K L M Ih¿KwN O P Q R Nh¿KwS T U V W Sh¿KwX Y Z [ \ Xh¿Kw] ^ _ ` a ]h¿Kw

b c e h A¥xÿw AYhm a[y-aw.. 4

i j k Dujvam-hv- ...................................... 3

l tLmjn- ............................................1

f g d Zmhn-U-a-[y-aw ............................. 3

Zmhn-Um-\p-\m-knIw ............. 1

37

˛ k

v]¿i

w ˛

25

-hym-I-cWw 67`mj F∂ hnkvabw 67

hsc D≈hbn¬ kuIcyØn\pth≠n "A' F∂BZyh¿WsØ°qSn tN¿ØmWv D®cn°pI kºZmbw;AXn\m¬ Ahbn¬ Iv-, Jv-, Kv- CXymZn "A' hn´p≈ D®mcWtaChnsS KmlyamIp∂p≈p. " v - ' F∂ Nµ°emNn”wAImcsØ X≈n D®cn°Wsa∂p ImWn°p∂p.ta¬°mWn® 53 FÆßfpsS D®mcWØn\v BWvh¿Wsa∂p t]¿ sNbvXXv-. B D®mcWsØ Ipdn°p∂ "A',"B' apXemb Nn”߃°mIs´, "en]n' F∂p t]¿. en]nsbA√msX h¿WsØ FgpXn°mWn∏m≥ \n¿hmlw C√. Htch¿WØn\pXs∂ Nn”ambn v Hmtcmtcm mj°m¿ Hmtcmtcmen]nIsf D]tbmKn°p∂p. Fßs\ F∂m¬: "A' F∂vChnsS ImWn® D®mcWØn\p Xangn¬ F∂pwKŸØn¬ F∂pw sXep¶n¬ F∂pw kwkvIrXØn¬

F∂pw Cw•ojn¬ A F∂pw Cßs\ ]eamXncn en]nIƒG¿s∏´ncn°p∂p. hmkvXhambXp ]Zm¿Yw; AXns\Ipdn°p∂ i–w h¿Ww; B h¿WsØ Hm¿Ωn∏n°p∂FgpØv en]n. D®cn°p∂Xpw FgpXp∂Xpw ]ehn[ambmepwB\, KPw, Fens^‚ v CsX√mw Xpºnss°bpw hmepw a‰pwD≈ Hcp henb \m¬°men P¥phns\Øs∂ Ipdn°p∂p.

"kzcw'F∂pw "hyRvP\w' F∂pw [z\nIƒ°v c≠palmhn`mKw sNbvXXn¬ kzcßsf amXta X\ntb H‰bmbn vD®cn°phm≥ km[n°pIbp≈p; hyRvP\ßfmIs´,D®mcWm¿lamIWsa¶n¬ kzcklmbw Bhiys∏Sp∂p.amhv-, ]nemhv apXemb acßsft∏mse kzX¥ßfmWvkzc߃. AXpIfn¬ apf®phcp∂ CØnƒt]mse]cmibnIfmWv hyRvP\߃. A, C, D F∂v kzc߃X\ntb \n¬°pw; hyRvP\amIs´, I, In, Ip F∂v- BkzcßfpsS apºn¬ ihn°s∏Sp∂tXbp≈q. "Iv-' F∂vH‰bmbn v FSpØv D®cn°phm≥ km[n°p∂n√. "DeIv' F∂pwa‰pw D≈ hm°pIfn¬ "Iv-' H‰bmbn \n¬°ptºmse tXm∂mw;F∂m¬, AhnsSbpw "kwhrtXmImcw' F∂p ]dbp∂ Hcpkzcw Ds≠∂v D]cn kv]„amIpw. GsX¶nepw Hcp kzc—mbtNcmsX hyRvP\w D®cn®pt\m°nbm¬ shfnbn¬]pds∏SpIbn√. hyRvP\߃°v Cu hn[w kzcklmbwA]cnlmcyamIbmemWv F√m hyRvP\ßtfbpw "A'tN¿Øv D®cn°pI F∂v G¿∏mSv sNbvXXv.

h¿WsØ A√, ]e h¿W߃ Ie¿∂v D≠mIp∂A£cw BWv \mw FgpXp∂Xv. `v-, Du F∂v- c≠p h¿Ww

lb¿ sk°‚dn68

tN¿∂p≠mbXmWv `q F∂ A£cw. iv-, cv-, Cu F∂v aq∂ph¿Ww tN¿∂p≠mbXmWv- "io' F∂ A£cw. kv-, Xv-, cv-, CuF∂v \mep h¿Ww tN¿∂p≠mbXmWv kvXo F∂ A£cw.

ta¬°mWn® bp‡n]Imcw D®mcWkuIcyw ]amWn®v\mw h¿W߃ tN¿∂v D≠mIp∂ A£c߃°v ASbmfambn´v en]nIsf I¬∏n®ncn°p∂p. h¿Wßsf amXambn´pImWnt°≠nhcptºmƒ Iv-, Jv- CXymZnbmbn AImcw Ifbp∂Xnte°v ]tXyIw Nn”w tN¿Øp hyRvP\ßsf FgpXp∂p.kzcw kzbw D®mcW£aw BIpIbm¬ AXv H‰ h¿WambA£camIp∂p F∂pamXw t`Zw. X\ntb D®cn°phm≥]mSn√mØ hyRvP\ßfn¬ GsX¶nepw Hcp kzcw tN¿ØvD®cnt°≠nhcp∂Xn\m¬ sFIcq]yØn\pth≠n F√m‰nepwH∂pt]mse "A' F∂ kzcw tN¿°pI F∂mWv G¿∏mS.v-AXn\m¬ \ΩpsS en]nIsf√mw A£camebpsS Nn”amWv;h¿WamebptSX√.

\tΩt∏mse a‰v- C¥y°mcpw A£camesb FgpXp∂hcmWv-.bqtdm∏nemIs´ A£cameb√, h¿WamebmWvFgpXpI ]Xnhv-. AXn\m¬ bqtdm]y≥ mjIƒ A`ykn°p∂Xn¬ \ap°v Nne AkuIcy߃ t\cnSp∂p. hyRvP\ßsfkzcklmbw IqSmsX D®cn°phm≥ ]mSns√∂p ImWn®pht√m. \mw AXnte°pth≠n F√m hyRvP\Ønepw "A'tN¿Øv ]dbp∂p. bqtdm∏pIm¿°v Cu hyhÿbn√."Iv-' F∂ hyRvP\sØ Cw•ojn¬ "sI' F∂mWp ]dbpI."kv-' F∂ hyRvP\sØ Cw•ojn¬ "Fkv' F∂mWp ]dbpI."_v' F∂ hyRvP\sØ Cw•ojn¬ "_n' F∂mWp ]dbpI.\mw F√m‰nepw H∂pt]mse I, k, _ F∂v "A' tN¿Øp]dIbm¬ hyhÿ D≠v. sI, Fkv, _n F∂nh Cw•ojn¬AXXp h¿WßfpsS t]cmWv. \ap°v C∂ A£cw F∂vHcp t]cm°n∏dtb≠n hcptºmƒ AhnsSbpw \mw 'A' F∂kzchpw "Imcw' F∂ ]Xybhpw tN¿Øv IImcw, kImcw,_Imcw F∂v GIcq]ambn∏dbp∂p. \mw A£cßsfFgpXp∂XpsIm≠v kvs]√nMv (spelling) F∂v Cw•ojn¬]dbp∂ h¿W \nbat¢iw \ΩpsS `mjIfn¬ C√.

FgpØn¬ A£cw ][m\hpw A£cØn¬ kzcw][m\hpw BIbm¬ en]nbnepw kzcØn\v ]m[m\ywsImSp°Ww F∂v \ap°p tXm∂ntb°mw. F∂m¬ AXvt\tcadn®mWv. PUamb icocsØ hym]cn∏n°p∂Xv Poh\mWv. F∂m¬ aq¿Øambn´p \mw ImWp∂Xv icocamIp∂p.

-hym-I-cWw 69`mj F∂ hnkvabw 69

"tN„bn√mXmbm¬ icocØn¬\n∂p Poh≥ th¿s]´p t]mbn'F∂v \mw Duln°p∂tX D≈q; "Poh≥ C∂ CSØvCcn°p∂p' F∂v Bcpw ImWp∂n√. CXpt]mse ImgvNbn¬]m[m\yw hyRvP\Øn\mIbm¬ en]nhn\ymkØn¬ hyRvP\sØ ][m\am°n kzcßsf AXn¬ A¥¿`hn®n´p≈XmbnI¬∏n°pIbmWp ]Xnhv. Cu bp‡n]Imcw Xang¿ hyRvP\Øn\v "sabv' F∂pw kzcØn\v "Dbn¿' F∂pw t]cpIƒsImSpØncn°p∂p. "I' F∂ en]nbn¬ ][m\ambn°mWp∂Xv "Iv' F∂ hyRvP\w BsW¶nepw AXn¬ AImcw A¥¿`hn®n´p≠v. AImcØns‚ Zo¿LamsW¶n¬ "Im' F∂p Zo¿LNn”w Iq´nt®¿°p∂p. CImcamsW¶n¬ "In' F∂p apIfn¬"h≈n' F∂p ]dbp∂ "n' Nn”w tN¿°Ww; DImcambm¬"Ip' F∂v Xmsg Hcp Ip\n∏v; FImcambm¬ "sI' F∂v CSØp]pdØp ]p≈n- "s' F∂ Nn”w- CXymZn. hyRvP\ßfnepwkwkvIrXa[ya߃ kzcmwiw tN¿∂hbmIbm¬ AXpIsfbpw ASbmfßsfs°m≠p Ipdn°pI \S∏mbn. (b c e h).

Iv-b= Iy; Iv-c= I; Iv-e= ¢; Iv-h= Iz; cvI= ¿I.

en]nbn¬ kzcw A][m\ambnt∏mbXpsIm≠v hyRvP\Øn¬ kzcw tN¿∂m¬ AXns\ "Iq´£cw' F∂p ]dbmdn√."I' F∂Xp Iv+A BsW¶nepw AXv Hcp Iq´£cw A√. ¢,£, kva, i CXymZn hyRvP\tbmKßsf amXta Iq´£cwF∂p ]dbmdp≈q.

A£camebpsS kwKXnbn¬ Xangpw kwkvIrXhpw XΩn¬tbmPn°p∂ns√∂p ]d™pht√m. AXv Xmsg ]dbpw]ImcwBIp∂p: kzcßfn¬ "E', " ' F∂ cs≠Æhpw "kv]¿iw'F∂p ]dbp∂ h¿Km£cßfn¬ AXnJcw, arZp, tLmjwF∂v \Sphnse aq∂£cßfpw Dujvam°fpw, "tLmjn' F∂p

t]cn´ lImchpw Xangn¬ C√. A\p\mknIßfn¬ " ' F∂

H∂pw a[yaßfn¬ d, f, g F∂ aqs∂Æhpw Xangn¬ A[nIwD≠v. aebmfØnemIs´, Xangnepw kwkvIrXØnepw D≈F√m A£cßfpw Bhiys∏´n´p≠v. kwkvIrX]Zßsficnbmbn FgpXphm≥ th≠n kwkvIrXm£camesb kzoIcn®v AXn¬ Xangn\p ]tXyIw D≈ \me£c߃ Iq´nt®¿Øp kr„n®XmWv aebmf A£came. kzcw, hyRvP\w F∂almhn`mKw; AXn¬ kzc߃°v lkzZo¿L߃, kam\m£ck‘y£c߃ F∂v c≠p hn[w Ahm¥chn`mKw; kv]¿i߃°v ]ns∂bpw Jc˛AXnJc- arZp- tLmj- A\p\mknI߃ F∂v Dƒ∏ncnhv. Cßs\ A£camem]´nIbn¬

lb¿ sk°‚dn70

ImWn® XcwXncn∏ns\√mw ASnÿm\sa¥v?

izmktImißfn¬\n∂p ]pds∏Sp∂ \nizmkhmbp "Glottis'F∂p ]dbp∂ IWvTc‘Øn¬ ]thin®v AhnsS \n∂pIWvTw, Xmep apXemb aptJmZcÿm\ßfn¬ X´nshfnbnte°p ]pds∏Sp∂XmWv h¿WmflIamb [z\n. AXXpÿm\ßfn¬ X´ptºmƒ \mhns‚ tN„Iƒ sIm≠pw Cu[z\n t`Zs∏Spw. h¿W߃°v ]eamXncn ipXn hcp∂XvBhI ImcWßfm¬ BIp∂p:

(1) A\p]Zm\w (B`y¥c]bXv\w = Emission)

CXn\v izmksØ shfnbnte°p hnSp∂Xns‚ amXncnt`ZwF∂¿Yw. izmksØ \mhns‚ AKw (A‰w), D]mKw(A‰Øn\SpØ `mKw), a[yw, aqew, hi߃ CXpIfn¬H∂psIm≠v IWvTmZnÿm\ßfn¬ X´nØSt™mXSbmsXtbm hnSmw; XSbp∂Xnepw A¬∏ambnt´m]IpXntbmftam XSbmw. XSbmsX hnSp∂Xv Akv]r„w;A¬∏w XSbp∂Xv Cuj¬kv]r„w; ]IpXn XSbp∂Xvt\akv]r„w; apgph≥ XSbp∂Xv kv]r„w. Cßs\ \mephn[wA\p]Zm\w. kzcßfpsS A\p]Zm\w Akv]r„amWv;AXpIsf D®cn°ptºmƒ hmbphns\ H´pw XSbp∂n√.\mhns‚ AtKm]mKa[yaqe]m¿iz߃ F∂ IcWßfn¬H∂psIm≠v IWvTXmepaq¿[Zt¥mjvT߃ F∂ ÿm\ßfn¬ H∂p sXmSp∂ps≠¶nepw kztcm®mcWØn¬ hmbphns‚ \n¿Ka\sØ H´pw XSbp∂n√. t\tcadn®, vh¿Km£cßsf D®cn°ptºmƒ IWvTmZnÿm\ßfn¬PnlzmKmZnIcWßfpsS _eamb kv]¿iwsIm≠v hmbp\nt»jw XSbp∂p. XSw \o°ptºmƒ D≠mIp∂ [z\nbmWv"I' apX¬ "a' hsc D≈ h¿W߃. Cu h¿W߃°p kv]¿im[nIyap≈XpsIm≠mWv "kv]¿iw' F∂p t]¿ h∂Xpw. i,j,- k F∂o Dujvam°ƒ°pw l F∂ tLmjn°pw t\akv]r„w A\p]Zm\w; Chsb D®cn°ptºmƒ ÿm\ßfn¬IcW߃°p ]IpXntbmfw kv]¿iw D≠v. b, -c, -e-, h-, g, -d,-f F∂ a[ya߃°v Cuj¬kv]r„w A\p]Zm\w; Chbn¬kv]¿iw kz¬∏ta D≈q. kv]¿iw IqSp∂nStØmfw XSwIqSpw; XSw IqSp∂nStØmfw izmkw shfnbn¬ ]pds∏SmbvIbm¬ h¿WsØ X\ntb D®cn°phm\p≈ kuIcywIpdbpw. H´pw kv]¿ian√mbvIbm¬ kzcßsf X\ntbD®cn°mw. kv]¿iw _eamIbm¬ h¿Km£cßsfkzcklmbtØmSpIqSntb D®cn°phm≥ km[n°pIbp≈q.

-hym-I-cWw 71`mj F∂ hnkvabw 71

kv]¿iw Ipdbp∂Xn\m¬ a[yaßsf kzcw tN¿°msXbpwHcphn[w D®cn°mw; AXn\m¬Øs∂bmWv b, c, e, h, f, g,d Iƒ°v "a[yaw' F∂p t]¿ sImSpØXpw; kzcßfpsSbpwhyRvP\ßfpsSbpw at[y\n¬°p∂Xv "a[yaw' F∂vA¿YtbmP\. Cw•ojn¬ Chbv°v Semi vowels (A¿[kzcw)F∂p t]¿ sNbvXncn°p∂p. DujvatLmjnIƒ t\akv]r„ßfmIbm¬ AXpIƒ°v ]mXnhyRvP\[¿Ωhpw]mXnkzc[¿Ωhpw; h¿Km£cßsf°mƒ A[nIw AXpIƒkzbw D®mcWsØ kln°p∂p. kzcw, hyRvP\w F∂almhn`mKØns‚bpw hyRvP\߃°v kv]¿iw, a[yaw,DujvatLmjnIƒ F∂ Ahm¥chn`mKØns‚bpw bp‡nCXpsIm≠v kv]„ambn.

(2) IcWhn`aw Asæn _mly]bXv\w

IcWw F∂m¬ D]IcWw; [z\n ]pds∏Sphn°p∂Xn¬D]Icn°p∂ Ahbhw, AXmbXv \mhv; AXns‚ hn`aw(tN„mhntijw); \mhpsIm≠v IWvTc‘sØ ASbv°pIbpwXpd°pIbpw F∂p Xm¬∏cyw. IWvTc‘w Xpd∂v D®cn®m¬[z\n Ht∂msS QSnXnbmbn´p shfnbnte°p t]mcpw. At∏mƒD≠mIp∂ H® Hcp aban√msX ]cp]cpØncn°pw. IWvTc‘wNpcp°n Zzmcw sNdpXm°n hn´m¬ [z\n AS™v D≈n¬ apgßnA¬∏ambn´p apdbv°p ]pds∏Spw. BZyw ]d™ hn[Ønembm¬ [z\n izmkcq]w; c≠matØXn¬ \mZcq]w.h¿Kßfn¬ BZysØ cs≠Æßfpw Dujvam°fpwizmknIƒ; tijsa√mw, AXmbXv, h¿Km£cßfn¬ 3, 4, 5h¿Wßfpw kzcßfpw a[yaßfpw \mZnIƒ. "tLmjn' F∂pt]cn´ lImcØn\p izmkhpw \mZhpw Ie¿∂ [z\n F∂mWv]mXnimJyImc∑mcpsS aXw.

(3) kwk¿Kw

kwk¿Kw F∂m¬ Hcp [z\nbn¬ as‰mcp [z\nIqSn Ac®ptN¿°pI; sNºpw Cubhpw tN¿Øpcp°n sh¶ew D≠m°p∂Xp t]mse c≠p h¿Wßsf th¿Xncn®dnI hømØa´n¬ Iq´ntbmPn∏n°p∂Xp kwk¿Kw. kwk¿KØn\vD]tbmKn°p∂ h¿Ww ]mtbW "tLmjn' F∂p ]d™lImcamWv. lImckwk¿Kw sIm≠p h¿K]Yaamb JcwAXnJcambpw XrXobamb arZp tLmjambpw Nabp∂p:

lb¿ sk°‚dn72

h¿K]Yahpw lImchpw: Iv+l= J, Sv+l= T, ]v+l= ^h¿KXrXobhpw lImchpw: Kv+l= L, Uv+l= V, _v+l=

izmknbmb h¿K]Yaw Jcw; AXn¬ izmknbmb lImcwtNcptºmƒ D≠mIp∂ h¿KZznXobw AXnJcambnØocp∂p.\mZnbmb h¿KZznXobw arZp; AXn¬ \mZnbmb lImcwtNcptºmƒ \mZm[nIyØm¬ tLmjw (apg°w) D≠mIp∂XpsIm≠p h¿KNXp¿YØn\v "tLmjw' F∂p t]¿ kn≤n®p.kwk¿Kap≈ h¿W߃°v D®mcWØn¬ _ew A[nIwth≠nhcp∂Xn\m¬ kwkr„h¿Wßfmb h¿KZznXobNXp¿Yßsf "alm]mW߃' F∂p ]dbpamdp≠v; kwk¿Kan√mØh A¬∏]mW߃; Jcw A¬∏]mWw; AXnJcwAXns‚ alm]mWw. arZp A¬∏]mWw; tLmjw AXns‚alm]mWw. kwk¿Kw kzcßfnepw D≠v:

A+C= F A+D= HA+F=sF A+H= Hu

F∂m¬ F, H- Ifn¬ D≈ tNcph (kwk¿Kw) kwkvIrXØnset∏mse `mjbn¬ AX kv^pSa√. kwkvIrXØn¬D]+Cµx = Dt]µx; KwKm + DZIw = KwtKmZIw CXymZnk‘nIfn¬ kwk¿Kw kv]„amIptºmse mjbn¬ kv]„ambn Im◊m≥ am¿Kw C√. kwk¿KØns‚ ssiYneyØm¬Øs∂bmWv kwkvIrXØn¬ G, Hm -Iƒ°p lkzan√msXt]mbXpw. `mjbnemIs´, kwk¿KZm¿VyØm¬ CXpIsfH‰b£cßfmbnØs∂ KWn°pIbm¬ lkzZo¿Lt`ZhpwD≠mbn. kwk¿KwsIm≠v D≠mbXv F∂ kwKXn ]amWn®mWv F, G, H, Hm, sF, Hu Iƒ°v "k‘y£c߃' F∂pwtijw kzc߃°v "kam\m£c߃' F∂pw t]¿ sNbvXXv.

(4) am¿Kt`Zw

izmkhmbphmWt√m h¿Wambn®abp∂Xv. AXn\vIWvTtØmfw h∂p Ign™m¬ ]pds∏Sp∂Xn\p c≠p am¿KwD≠v. hmbn¬°qSntbm aq°n¬°qSntbm \ap°p izmkwhnSmw.\mZnIsf D®cn°p∂Xp IWvTc‘w Aap°n Zzmcw Npcp°nA¬∏m¬∏ambn´mWv F∂p ]d™pht√m. IWvTc‘wkt¶mNn∏n®Xn\pta¬ izmkhmbphns\ aq°n¬°qSn\n¿Kan∏n®m¬ h¿Ww A\p\mknIambn; hmbn¬°qSnØs∂ Bbm¬ "A\\p\mknIw' As√¶n¬ "ip≤w'.\mZnIƒ°mWv Cu t`Zw kw`hn°p∂Xv. arZp°sf apJZzmcwAS®p aq°n¬°qSn hnSp∂XmWv h¿K]©aßfmb A\p

-hym-I-cWw 73`mj F∂ hnkvabw 73

\mknI߃. kzc߃°pw \mZw D≠mIpIbm¬ A\p\mknIm\\p\mknIt`Zw kw`hn°pw. B t`Zw kwkvIrXØn¬D≠pXm\pw.

(5) ÿm\t`Zw

h¿tWm®mcWØn¬ \nizmkhmbphns\ PnlzmtKm]mKa[yaqe]m¿izßsfs°m≠p hmbn\v D≈nep≈ Nne ÿm\ßfn¬ XS™n´mWt√m shfnbn¬ hnSp∂Xv. Cu ÿm\߃Xs∂bmWv h¿WßfpsS ÿm\߃. Ah D≈n¬\n∂pshfnbnte°p≈ apdbv°v IWvTw, Xmep (AÆm°v), aq¿[mhv(apIfnse AWIƒ°p at[y D≈ hmbpsS ta¬Ø´v), Z¥w(]√v) AXnepw ta¬hcnbnse Du\v, HmjvTw F∂v As©ÆwBIp∂p. h¿WßfpsS ÿm\ßsf F√mw Iq nt®¿Øp XmsgImWn®ncn°p∂p:

kzcw h¿Kw a[yaw Dujvamhv

A I ˛ l ˛ IWvTyw

C N b i Xmehyw

E S c j ˛ aq¿[\yw

X e k ˛ Z¥yw

D ] h ˛ ˛ HmjvTyw

G, sF ˛ ˛ IWvT-Xm-ehyw

Hm, Hu ˛ ˛ IWvtTymjvTyw

kuIcyØn\pth≠n t«mIØnepw B°mw:

A Ih¿Kw IWvTPamwC Nh¿K bi߃ XmehywD ]h¿K h HmjvTPamwE Sh¿K cj߃ aq¿[\yw.

Xh¿K ekw Z¥ywk‘y£csamØt]m¬ Zzbÿm\wc j f g aq¿[\ywXm≥

h¿’yw ZmhnUw Jneo`qXw.

(6) ]cnamWw

]cnamWw F∂m¬ Afhv As√¶n¬ amX. CXmWv lkzZo¿Lt`ZØns‚ kzcq]w. A, C, D F∂v H‰ amXbnep≈Xvlkzw; B, Cu, Du F∂p c≠p amXbnep≈Xv Zo¿Lw.lkzZo¿Lt`Zw kzcßfn¬ ]Xy£ambn´p ImWp∂p.

lb¿ sk°‚dn74

hyRvP\ßfnepw CXp kw`hn°pw. "AXn¬\n∂v' F∂nSsØ"¬' F∂ eImcw lkzhpw "]p¬Ip∂p' F∂nStØXpZo¿Lhpw BWv.

h¿Wßsf th¿Xncn°p∂Xn\p≈ D]m[nIsf Hmtcm∂mbn hnhcn®p Xo¿∂p. C\n Cu D]m[nIsf ASnÿm\s∏SpØnh¿W߃°p sNbvXn´p≈ hn`mKßsf ]tXyIn®v FSpØpImWn°mw. kv]r„w, Akv]r„w F∂ A\p]Zm\t`Zw ]amWn®v h¿W߃°p kzcw, hyRvP\w F∂ almhn`mKw;hyRvP\߃°p≈ kv]¿iØnse \yq\mXntcIw t\m°nkv]¿iw As√¶n¬ h¿Km£cw, a[yaw, DujvatLmjnIƒF∂ Ahm¥c hn`mKw; h¿Km£c߃°p≈n¬ ]ns∂bpwJcmXnJcarZptLmjm\p\mknI߃ F∂ Dƒ∏ncnhv, IcWhn`aw (]bXv\w), kwk¿Kw, am¿Kt`Zw F∂ aq∂p]m[nIsfBkv]Zam°nbn´mWv. JcmXnJc߃ izmkcq]߃; arZptLmjm\p\mknI߃ \mZcq]߃. Jc߃ lImckwk¿Kw sIm≠v AXnJcßfmbnØocp∂p, arZp°ƒ AXpsIm≠pXs∂ tLmjßfmbnØocp∂p; A¬∏]mWambJcØns‚ alm]mWw AXnJcw; A¬∏]mWamb arZphns‚alm]mWw tLmjw. \mZnbmbn arZphns\ D®cn°ptºmƒ\nizmkhmbp IWvTc‘Øn¬ cp≤ambn°gn™m¬ hmbn¬°qSnØs∂ \ncn°p∂p; A\p\mknIsØ D®cn°ptºmgmIs´, aq°n¬°qSn \ncn°p∂p F∂v Cu c≠pXcw h¿W߃°v am¿Kt`ZIrXamb t`Zw, h¿Km£cßfpsS kz`mhwCXbpw sIm≠v ]Xy£s∏Sp∂p: IWvTÿm\Øn¬ Pnlzmaqew Dd∏n®v c‘w Xpd∂v D®cn®m¬ "I' F∂ Jcw; AXn¬lImc kwk¿KwIqSn sNbvXm¬ "J' F∂ AXnJcw; Jtcm®mcWØn¬ IWvTc‘w Xpd°p∂Xn\p ]Icw sR°nsRcp°n Zzmcw Npcp°n D®cn®m¬ "K' F∂ arZp; arZphn¬Øs∂ lImckwk¿KwIqSn sNbvXm¬ "L' F∂ tLmjw;arZphn¬ lImckwk¿KØn\p ]Icw c‘w Npcp°nbXn\pta¬ \nizmksØ hmbn¬°qSn hnSmsX \mknIbn¬°qSnhnSpIbmWv mhsa¶n¬ "M' F∂ A\p\mknIw.

(tIcf]mWn-\o-bw)

-hym-I-cWw 75`mj F∂ hnkvabw 75

amdp∂ ae-bmf kwkm-c-`mj

a\pjyNcybpsS GXp taJebnepw F∂pw am‰ap≠mIpw.kw`mjWw F∂ \nXykm[mcWamb Bibhn\natbm]m[nbnepw am‰ap≠mImsX hø. am‰Øns‚ KXnthKØn¬G‰Ømgv-hpIƒ D≠mImw. C∂p am‰w thKw thKw h∂pIbdp∂p≠v F∂ ]XoXnbmWv ]e¿°pap≠mIp∂Xv. am‰sØ∏‰nbp≠mImhp∂ Hcp hyY, thKtadp∂p F∂ tXm∂emWv.thKsØt∏mse am‰Øns‚ kz`mhhpw N¿®sb ]tNmZn∏n°mw. \S∏pioeßfn¬ NneXp \∂v, NneXp NoØ F∂tXm∂¬ D≠mhptºmƒ AXns\∏‰nbp≈ N¿® kwKXambnhcp∂p. am‰w i≤bn¬ hcm≥ am‰sØ∏‰nbp≈ CØcwtXm∂¬ D≠mIWw.

am‰w \ap°v Fßs\ A\p`hs∏Sp∂p F∂ ]cntim[\bmWv AXns\∏‰nbp≈ ]cnNn¥\bn¬ BZyw \StØ≠Xv.

CØcw Hcp hnebncpج \S∂Xn\p Ipd®p ]g°ap≠v.]Tn∏p ]c∂tXmsS, ]X]mcmbWw ]Ncn®tXmsS, "P\-Io-b'hpw ~H∏w Xnc-s™-Sp∏pw Xna¿Ø ]NmctLmjhpw ]kwKt[mcWnbpw ]kcn®tXmsS, hcsamgnbn¬ \n∂p ]eXpwhmsamgnbnte°v kwIan®phcp∂Xns\∏‰n F≥. ]n. aplΩZv]cmXns∏´n´v ]Xn‰m≠p \membn. At±lw kn. sP. kvamcI]_‘kamlmcßfn¬ H∂mb "t\mh¬' (1963) F∂]pkvXIØn¬ Cßs\ FgpXp∂p: ""`mj \ap°p Np‰pw Hs´ms° ]iv-\ambnØo¿∂ncn°p∂p... \mKcnIXbpsS \Sp°v HcptImwtKm BsW∂v F\n°p ]et∏mgpw tXm∂nbn´p≈CSnbßcbn¬t∏mepw _m¿_¿tjm∏pIfn¬ Ccp∂vkm[mcW°mcmb \√h¿, ]X`mjbn¬ kwkmcn°p∂XptIƒ°ptºmƒ thZ\ tXm∂p∂p. CXp X\Xmb cknI≥

tUm. Sn._n. thWp-tKm-]m-e-∏-Wn-°¿

lb¿ sk°‚dn76

kw`mjWssiensb C√mXm°p∂p. kzX¥amb Nn¥, Cus]m´∏ZßfpsS Agp°pNmen¬ hoWpt]mIp∂p. ""Bkw`hhnImksØ°pdn®v \nßfpsS ]XnIcWsa¥v?''Fs∂mcmƒ tNmZn®m¬ sshImcnImwisahnsS? Ba\pjys\hnsS?'' ("Hcp ]cnh¿Ø\ ImeL´Øns‚kmlnXyw,' ASn°pdn∏v, ]p. 123- 24). F≥.-]n.bpsS CØcw]cmXn a‰p ]e¿°pw D≠mImw. "]Tn®' hm°pIƒAXymhiya√mØ AhkcØn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂Xns\XnscbmWv hna¿i\w. ]Tn® hm°pIƒ A∏msS`mjbn¬ \nt∂ \o°n°fbWw F∂v Ah¿ ]dbm≥ CSbn√.ap≥Iqdmbn Hcp°nh® ]Zt®cphIƒ Nn¥bn√msX Bh¿Øn°p∂Xns\°pdn®mWv ]cmXnbpsS Hcphiw \ofp∂Xv. at‰hiØmIs´, hmsam-gnsb hcsamgnbn¬\n∂p thdn´p \n¿Øp∂n√ F∂nStØ°p \ofp∂p. th≠ AIew Zo£n°msX]Tn® ]Z߃˛ hcsamgnbn¬ amXap≈h˛ hmsamgnbn¬]tbmKn°p∂Xns\∏‰nbp≈ ]cnlmkamWv "kmlnXyw]d™p Ifbp∂p' F∂Xv. adn®v, k¿KmflIXsb∏‰nbpwhmsamgnbpsS ssNX\ysØ∏‰nbpw hymIpes∏Sp∂h¿hmsamgnXs∂ i≤n®v DNnX⁄XtbmsS hcsamgnbn¬Ie¿Øp∂Xns\∏‰n aXnt∏msS ]dbpw. F≥.-]n. aplΩZvXs∂ ta¬°≠ teJ\Øn¬ "`wKnbpw HuNnXyhpw' F∂vFgpXmhp∂nSØv "tNepw sNXhpw' F∂v FgpXp∂p. hmsam-gn-bn¬\n∂v hc-sam-gn-bn-te°v hm°p-Iƒ IS∂phcmw. adn®v,hc-sam-gn-∏-Z-߃ hmsam-gn-bn-te°v h∂p-IqSm F∂-t±lw I¬∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

hm°pIƒ C∂n∂sXms° hcsamgn°v, C∂n∂sXms°hmsamgn°v F∂p Xncn°cpsX∂pw AhbpsS \Sp°p≈ thens]mfn°Ww F∂pamWv k¿Km-fl-I-Xm-im-Ty-°m¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.Cu then-apdn hgn hmsam-gn-hm-°p-Iƒ Ctßm´p ht∂m-s -sb∂v.F∂m¬ km[p-°-fmb "ip≤m-flm-°ƒ' Cu hgn adp-h-i-tØ°pw hm°p-Iƒ IS-Øp-∂p. AXn-s\∏-dn-bmWv ]cm-Xn.F∂m¬ hmsamgn apgpht\ ISØptam, ISØm\mIptam F∂tNmZyhpap≠v. hmsamgnbn¬ ]e¿°pw AXymhiyw Nne ap°naqfsems° D≠mIpw. AsXm∂pw kwthZ\sØ XSs∏SpØns°m≈Wsa∂n√. ]d®nens\m∏ap≈ `mtjXc kmlNcy߃, BwKyw F∂nhsbms° kwthZ\sØ XpW®psIm≈pw. hcsamgnbn¬ CsXm∂pan√. AXpsIm≠v hcsamgn°v CWßpamdv am‰nb, Acns®SpØ, hmsamgn∏Zßtf hcsamgnbnte°p ISØmhq, ISØmdpap≈q. Aßs\ ISØp∂

-hym-I-cWw 77`mj F∂ hnkvabw 77

hmsamgn°v ]e KpWhpw D≠v F∂p Xo¿®Xs∂. AtXmsSm∏w"tNepw sNXhpw' Fs∂gpXnbXp sIm≠pamXw Hcmƒ]Tn∏pIpd™ Bƒ F∂v Bcpw IcpXnt∏mhpIbn√. "kw`hhnImk'hpw "]XnIcW'hpw a‰pw shdpw ta\n\Sn°embnA\p`hs∏SpIbpw sNøpw.

F¥mWv \ΩpsS CØcw tXm∂epIfpsS ASnthcv?hmsamgn-hcsamgn ZzµzsØ IecmsX \ndpØp∂ Cc´samgnØw (Diglossia) aebmfØnepw Ds≠∂pXs∂bmIWw.Db¿samgn-˛Iogv-samgn hymh¿Ø\w, Iogv-samgn th≠nSØvDb¿samgn AcpsX∂ imTyw, Hu]NmcnI `mjWcoXnbpwA\u]NmcnI `mjWcoXnbpw sht∆sd \ndpØWsa∂tXm∂¬.

Cc´samgnØw hfsc kv^pSambn \ne\n¿Øp∂ `mjIfp≠v. Xangpw Ad_nbpw DZmlcW߃. thens]mfn°mt\hø. F∂m¬ aebmfw t]mep≈hbn¬ AXX kv^pSa√]e¿°pw F∂mWv A\p`hw. AXncns√∂pan√. ]iv-\ßfpsSthcp tXtS≠XnhnsSbmWv. hcsamgnbn¬ hmsamgn Ie¿Øp∂Xphgn \n¿hln°m\p≈ Nne [¿aßfp≠v. adn®v, hmsamgnbn¬ hcsamgn Ie¿Øp∂Xns‚ ]tbmP\w F¥v? khntijamb "kmlnXy'hm°pIƒ H∂pw D]tbmKn°mXmbmepwA®phSnhn¬ kwkmcn°p∂ ]p≈nIsf tIcfØn¬ an°bnSßfnepw BZcthmsSb√ ImWmdp≈Xv. Pe∏nimNp ]nSn®AXnip≤°mcs\ ImWpwt]msebmIpw AØcw HcmsfBfpIƒ ImWpI. F∂m¬ A®phSnhpw "kmlnXy' hm°pIfpw AdnbmsX Nne [¿Ω߃ D]tbmKn°p∂Xn\pw DZmlcW߃ D≠v.

Hcp kw`hw Hm¿Ωhcp∂p. ]gb Ip∏nbpw ISemkpw a‰pwtiJcn®phn¬°p∂ Hcp sNdp∏°mcs\°pdn®mWv Hm¿Ω.BsI apjn™ B a\pjy\n¬\n∂v \mw A®phSnhp]Xo£n°bn√. sIm®n°mc\mWv. B a\pjys‚ s]cpam‰Øn¬ Nne¿ _p≤nhnI¬∏w kwibn°pIbpap≠mbn. Ipds®ms° ]Tn∏p≈ Hcmƒ ]gb kmam\߃ s]dp°nhn‰p Pohn°p∂Xp I≠m¬ AØcw Hcp kwibw D≠mhpIbpw sNøpw.F¥mWv Cßs\ Hcp ]Wn Xncs™SpØXv F∂ tNmZyØn\vadp]Sn: ""Hm, Fs‚ Pohk‘mcWØn\v CsXms° [mcmfwaXn.'' B Hscm‰ hmIyw, AXnse "Pohk‘mcWw' hntijn®pw, Abmsf∏‰nbp≈ hnebncpج h√msX am‰n

lb¿ sk°‚dn78

°f™p; AbmtfmSp≈ klXm]w h¿[n∏n®p. F¥mWv Cukw`hØn\p ]n∂nep≈ bp‡n? hmsamgnbn¬ km[mcWa√mØ Cu ]ZßfpsS taep≈ ssIbS°sØ \man∂pwBZcn°p∂p F∂XpXs∂.

GXp `mjbnepw ]eXcw sshhn[y- sshNnXy km[yXIfp≠v. Ahbnep≈ ssIbS°w \aps°ms°BZcWobamWv. F∂m¬ Cu km[yXIƒ Ft∏mgpw FSpØvD]tbmKn°cpXv. ]tbmKtaJem]camb \nb¥WwBhiyamWv. ]eXpw AXy¥w Bhiyap≈t∏mƒ amXwFSpØp]tbmKn°m≥ X°hÆw D≈dbn¬ ]q´nØs∂ht®°bpw thWw. hmsamgn -hcsamgn ZzµzØns‚kz`mhhyXymksØbpw Ah XΩn¬ Zo£nt°≠p∂AIeØns‚bpw Afhns‚bpw tXmXns\bpw ]‰nbp≈k¶¬∏߃°v ]mtZinIt`Zßfpap≠v. "CuWw' F∂]®aebmfhm°v Xm≥ FgpØn¬ D]tbmKn®mepwkwkmcØn¬ "Syq¨' F∂ Cw•ojv hm°mWv D]tbmKn°m≥CSbp≈Xv F∂p ]d™Xv Hcp ]´mºn°mc\mWv. Cuat\m`mhamhn√ a‰p Zn°pIfn¬ D≈-h¿°v. F∂mepw Um≥kv,B´w, \rØw˛ Ch-bn-te-XmWv \nXykw`mjWØn¬ \mwD]tbmKn°pI F∂mtemNn®pt\m°q.

hm°pIƒ t\cn´v A\y`mjIfn¬\ns∂Sp°msX ]pXphm°pIƒ krjvSn-°pI ]e mj-°m¿°pw ]Xn-hp≈ G¿∏m-Sm-Wv. Cßs\ D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p∂ ]ga kq£n°p∂ X\ns∏´]pXphm°pIƒ ]t£, FXtØmfw ]tbmKØn¬hcp∂pF∂Xv BtemNnt°≠ ImcyamWv. an°hmdpw Ch hmsamgnbn¬ \S∏mImdn√. ime (thZ]mTime), Be (sIm√s‚ Be)˛ ChbpsS amXrIbn¬ Nne¿ h¿°vjm∏n\v aebmfw D≠m°n,]Wnime, ]Wnbme Fs∂ms°. Ch kwkmc`mjbn¬\S∏mbn√. h¿°vjm∏v \S∏mIbpw sNbvXp. Xangn¬t∏mepwCXmWv ÿnXn. Db¿Øangn∂v CWßpw ]Sn _kv Ãm≥Un\v"t]cp¥p\nebw' kr„n®p. sslkv-Iqfn\v ]Icw "Db¿\nsse∏≈n' F∂m°n. Chsbms° Xang¿ km`nam\w FgpXpw.]t£, FX Cw•ojv ]Tn∏p Ipd™ Xang\pw kwkmcn°ptºmƒ Chb√, _kvÃm≥Upw sslkv-Iqfpw Xs∂ D]tbmKn°pw. X\nØangm°nb taØcw hm°pIƒ h√ Xangv hm[ym∑mcpw D]tbmKns®¶nembn. AØc°msc Xangv kn\nat]mepw]cnlmk]mXßfmbn NnXoIcn°pIbpw sNøpw. ]gaXs∂X\na F∂ `mh\bn¬ ]gb thjw AWn™ CØcw

-hym-I-cWw 79`mj F∂ hnkvabw 79

]pØ≥ hm°pIsf ssIs°m≈m≥, AYhm hmbv-s°m≈m≥,`mjmt]aw \nd™p Ihnbp∂ Xangv-a°ƒ°p IqSn kΩXas√¶n¬ Cu a´p≈ \ho\kr„nIsf aebmfa°ƒ Fßs\kzoIcn°pw F∂v Duln°mhp∂tXbp≈q. hmbn∂p hgßnbmepw ]mcºcyØn\v CWßnbmepw hntij hyhlmc]Z߃ kmam\yhyhlmcØn¬ \S∏mbns°m≈Wsa∂n√.

\S∏pkw`mjW`mjbpsS ]iv-\ßsf ]cntim[n°ptºmƒ i≤nt°≠p∂ as‰m∂v ]mtZinIØ\naIfmsIssIhn´pt]mIp∂p F∂ hyYbmWv. FgpØp`mj h∂pIbdnbn´v, Cw•ojv IS∂pIbdnbn´v \ΩpsS \m´pX\naIƒssIsbmgn™pt]mIp∂psh∂mWv ]cmXn. PmXnbpsS apZIƒ`mjWØn¬\n∂v C√mXmIp∂p≠v. BNmcw ]d-bp∂G¿∏mSv Ime-l-c-W-s∏- p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. Chsb∏‰nbp≈ ]cmXn]pdØp ]dbm≥ Bcpw AXsbm∂pw Xbmdmbn°≠n√. Chbpambn ]nW™pInS°p∂XmWv ]mtZinIØ\naIƒ F∂hkvXpXbpw Hm¿t°≠XmWv. kº¿°Øn\pth≠n \mwAdn™pw AdnbmsXbpw ]mtZinIapZIƒ Hgnhm°pw. AdnbmsX Hgnhmbnt∏mhpIbpw ]Xnhp≠v. Cu am‰w XS™p\n¿Øm≥ hømØ H∂mWv. PohnXcoXnbn¬, ioeØn¬,Xo\nepw IpSnbnepw Hs° am‰w hcp∂p≠v. hcmsX høF∂Xp t]msebmWv `mjWcoXnbnepw. hmsamgnbn¬I´\nI∂p \nc∏mI¬ \S∂psIm≠ncn°pw. kº¿°Øn\vCXmhiyamWv. kº¿°w CXn\p t]cIamhpIbpw sNøpw.

aebmfsØ kw_‘n®nStØmfw \nehmcs∏SpØen\vamXrIbmbncp∂Xv tIm´bw, ]Ø\wXn´ Pn√Iƒ Dƒs∏´a[yXncphnXmwIq¿ mKsØ mjbmbncp∂p HcpImeØv F∂ptXm∂p∂p. ItaW CXns‚ Bbw hSt°m´mbn. ]gb ae_m¿Pn√bpsS sX°≥`mKw F∂v GItZiw ]dbmhp∂ mKambn\nehmcs∏´ hmsamgnbpsS amXrIbp≈ ]tZiw. hfsckv pS-amb AXncv Ipdn°m≥ hsø-¶nepw ]me-°mSv a-e-∏pdwPn√-I-fpsS kwK-a-ÿm\w F∂p ]d-™m¬ sX‰n-√. kuIcyØn\pth≠n Nne¿ ASpØImeØv CXns\ h≈ph\mSv F∂pIpdn°p∂p. C∏d™ `mK߃s°ms° kmwkv-ImcnIhpw`mjm]chpw Bb X\nabpw Hu∂Xyhpw Ds≠∂ \mSyw ip≤t`mjv-ImWv. Ahy‡amb Ft¥m mjmkz`mhw k¶¬∏n®v,AXv DXvIr„amsW∂p mh\sNbvXv AXnt\mSSp°m≥ iawsNbvXpsIm≠v kz¥w \m´phg°w adbv°m≥ ian°p∂ ]escbpw \ap°p ImWm≥ Ignbpw. aebmfhmsamgnbpsS \nehmc

lb¿ sk°‚dn80

s∏Spج Cu I¬∏nXamXrIbn¬ kw`hn®p F∂p hcmhp∂XpamWv. I¬∏nXambmepw ]cs° kzoIcn®m¬ \S∏mIpw.F∂mepw Cu A`ymkØn\p \Sphn¬ Xs‚Xs∂ hmsamgntbmSp Nne¿ ImWn°p∂ hnizkvXX ImWptºmgsØ Bizm-k-amWv "hmNmw AtKm-N-cw.'

]mtZinIßfpsS hyXymkw \nc∏mIm≥ XpSßp∂]hWXbv-s°m∏w Ahbn¬ NneXp ]n¥pScp∂hsckzm`mhnIXbpsS t]cn¬ sIm≠mSptºmgpw Nne Ipg∏߃DSseSp°mw. \nehmcs∏S¬ Ft¥m A]ISamsW∂]XoXnbmWXv. Cu tXm∂ep≈ Nne¿, \nehmcs∏Sens\Xncmb ]mtZinIhpw kmapZmbnIhpamb kzXzÿm]\Øns‚ap∂Wn∏Sbmfnbmbn _jodns\ ImWp∂p. _jodns‚hy‡nkzcq]w Ah¿ Is≠Sp°p∂Xv ""Ipfn®t√∂p ]d™mse¥m'' F∂p tNmZn°p∂ Ip™p]mØpΩbnemWv. Ahsf""Ipfn°t√'' F∂p XncpØp∂Xv BbnjbmWv. ""emØncn''b√, ""cmXn'' F∂pw ""_bn'' A√, ""hgn'' F∂pw XncpØpw.Bbnjbnent√ _jo¿? \njv-If¶Xsb ]Wbn°p∂ ]cnjv-Imcnbmb \nkm¿ AlΩZv _jodns‚ kzXzw Xs∂bt√?Cu ]cnjv-ImcØn¬ `mjm]cnjv-Imcw, \nehmcs∏SpجCt√?

aebmfØn¬ Cc´samgnØw Ds≠∂pw aebmfØns‚kwkmc`mjbv°v \nehmcs∏Spج h∂psIm≠ncn°p∂psh∂pw B \nehmcØnepw Nne Nm©ey߃ kw`hn°p∂ps≠∂pamWv ChnsS ]dbm≥ ian®Xv.

(`mjmtemIw)

-hym-I-cWw 81`mj F∂ hnkvabw 81

D]-\ymkw

hfsc ][m-\-s∏´ Hcp KZy-km-ln-Xy-cq-]-amWv D]-\ym-kw.\n›n-X-amb Hcp hnjbw hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ ssZ¿LywIpd™ KZy-c-N\ F∂v D]-\ym-ksØ \n¿h-Nn-°mw. hf¿∂psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ GXp kmln-Xy-cq-]-hp-sa-∂-t]mse D]-\ym-khpw Cu \n¿h-N-\-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ]q¿Wambpw HXpßpI-bn-√.D]-\ymkw c≠p hn[-Øn-ep -≠v˛ ctaym -] -\ym -khpwssh⁄m\ntIm]-\ym-k-hpw. GsX-¶n-ep-samcp sshb-‡n-Im-\p- hw hmb-\-°m-c-\p-IqSn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-hn[w\¿Ωa--[p-c-ambn hnh-cn-°p-∂-XmWv BZy-hn- m-Kw. hmb-\-°m-cp-ambn ASpØ lrZ-b-_‘w ]pe¿Øn-s°m≠v XnI™ emL-h-tØmsS ck-I-c-ambn kw`hw hnh-cn-°p-I. mj-bpsS A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-Xzhpw ]Xn-]m-Z-\sØ lrZy-am-°p∂ \¿ΩhpwCØcw cN-\-Isf P\-]n-b-am-°p-∂p. Ipdn-™n-∏q-®-bpsS hnIr-Xn-Itfm X\n-°p-]-‰nb Aa-fntbm Hcp k‘ym-th-f-bpsS Nmcp-X-tbm s]s -∂p-≠mb Hm¿Ω-tbm F¥p-amhmw CØcw D]-\ym-k-߃°p hnj-bw. hnj-b-Øns‚ Kuc-h-a-√, Bhn-jvIm-c-Øns‚ Nmcp-X-bmWv Cu D]-\ym-k-ßsf hyXn-cn-‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. hnI-a-s‚bpw F.]n. DZ-b- m-\p-hns‚bpw sP. efn-Xmw-_n-I-bp-sS-bp-sams° cN-\-Iƒ CXn\pZml-cn-°mw.

AtX-k-abw hfsc Kl-\-amb hnj-b-߃ imkvXo-b-ambpwNn -bmbpw A]-K-Yn-°p∂ D]-\ym-k-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Ah \ΩpsSap∂n-¬ A\m-h-cWw sNøp-∂Xv Kuc-h-]q¿h-amb Bi-b-ß-fm-hpw. mj- \¿Ω-a-[p-c-am-sb∂p hcn-√. Pn⁄m-kp-°-sfbpwhn⁄m-\m-t\z-jn-I-sf-bp-amhpw CØcw D]-\ym-k-߃ BI¿jn°p-I. Ch-bmWv ssh⁄m-\n-tIm-]-\ymkw F∂ hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏Sp∂-Xv. tIk-cn- _m-e-Ir-jvW-]n-≈, F≥.hn. IrjvW-hm-cy¿, Fw. tKmhn-µ≥ XpSßn Ht -sd-t∏¿ ae-bm-f-Ønsessh⁄m-\n-tIm-]-\ym-ksØ kº-∂-am-°n-bn- p-≠v.

tUm. Un. _©-an≥

lb¿ sk°‚dn82

ssh⁄m-\n-tIm-]-\ym-k-sa-gp-Xp-tºmƒ i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-ß-fmWv ChnsS N¿®sNøp-∂-Xv.

Fgp-Xp-∂-bmƒ°p Xm¬∏cy-ap-≈Xpw hmb-\-°m¿°v ]tbm-P-\-ap≈Xpamb Hcp hnjbw Is≠-Øp-I-bmWv D]-\ym-k-c-N-\-bpsS BZysØ ]Sn. F∂m¬ Ft∏mgpw AX-ßs\Øs∂km[n-s®-∂p-h-cn-√. hnjbw a‰m-sc-¶nepw \n¿tZin-°p∂ kµ¿ -ß-fp-ap-≠m-hmw. Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈XpS¿®-bmb At\z-j-W-Øn-eqsS AXn-t\mSv Xm¬∏cywhf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°-Ww. kztX Nn¥m-ioe\mb Hcmƒ°v GXphnj-b-sØ-°p-dn-®m-bmepw \nc-¥-c-amb a\-\-Øn-eqsS CuXm¬∏cyw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m-\m-hpw. hnj-b-tØm-Sp- tXm-∂p∂Cu am\-kn-I-amb ASp-∏-amWv D]-\ym-k-c-N-\-bpsS t¢i-ßsfkly-am-°n-Øo¿°p-∂-Xv.

Fgp-Xp∂ hnj-b-Øns‚ hym]vXn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ [mcWBZyta D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv \∂m-Wv. ]c-am-h[n FX -]pdw hsc-bmhmw D]-\ym-k-Øns‚ ssZ¿Lyw F∂- [m-cW hnj-b-Øns‚AXn¿Øn-Iƒ \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-Ipw.

hnj-bsØ kzbw a\-n-em-°m≥ ian-°p-I-bmWv BZywth≠-Xv. hnjbw \n¿h-Nn-°m≥ ian-°p-I, hnj-bsØ LS-I-ß-fm-bn -Xn-cn®v Hmtcm LS-I-sØbpw bp‡n-]q¿hw hni-I-e\wsNøp-I. Aßs\ e`n-°p∂ [mcWIsf ka-\z-bn-°p-I. hnj-b-Øns‚ GXp LS-I-Øn-\mWv IqSp-X¬ ]m[m\yw \¬tI-≠-sX-∂pw hnj-b-tØm-Sp≈ Xs‚ \ne-]m-sS-¥m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂p-ap≈ [mc-W -cq-]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv At∏m-gm-bn-cn-°pw. cN-\-bpsSG‰hpw ]mY-anIamb Xe-am-W-Xv. hnj-bsØ°pdn-®p≈ hn]p-ehpw hni-Z-hp-amb At\z-jWw AhnsS Bcw- n-°p-∂-tX-bp-≈q.

Cu At\z-j-W-Øn\v Nn -bmb Hcp kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. GXp- hn-j-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ G‰hpw]mY-an-I-amb Adnhv \¬Im≥ km[m-cW i_vZ-tIm-i-Øn\pIgn-bpw. ]mcn-ÿn-XnI aen-\o-I-c-W-sØ-°p-dn-®mWv D]-\ym-k-sa-gp-Xp-∂-sX-∂n-cn-°-s´, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS A¿Yhnh-£-IƒKln-°m≥ Hcp i_vZ-tImiw t\m°p-I-tb -th-≠q. Ht∂m- ct≠mhmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnh-cWw AXn¬\n∂p In´pw. XpS¿∂v Hcphn⁄m-\-tImiw (P\-d¬ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b) t\m°p-I.hnj-bsØ-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ hni-Zhpw B[n-Im-cn-I-hp-amb[mcW AXp \¬Ipw. Nne-t∏mƒ \mw ssIImcyw sNøp∂

-hym-I-cWw 83`mj F∂ hnkvabw 83

hnj-bsØ Ipdn®p amXw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ khn-tij hn⁄m-\-tIm-ihp-ap-≠mhpw (DZm: kmaq-ln-I-imkvX hn⁄m-\-tIm-iw). AXp-IqSn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ, B hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®vCt∏mƒ \ne-hn-ep≈ Adnhv GXm≠v ka-K-am-bn-Øs∂\ap°p e`n-°pw. ]t£, B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp D]-\ym-khpwhn⁄m-\-tIm-i-ß-fn¬ amXw A[n-jvTn-X-ambn°qSm. hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n® ASn-ÿm-\-]-cn-Nbw amX-amWv Ah- X-cp-∂-Xv. XpS¿∂v hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n® KŸ-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww. G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´ ]pkvX-I-ßfpw B\p-Im-enI ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßfpw ]cn-tim-[n®v ][m\ Bi-b-߃ Ipdn-s®-Sp-°p-tºmtg hkvXp-Xm-kw- -cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-Iq.

Ct∏mƒ c≠p Imcy-ß-fmWv a\-n-ep-≠m-hp-I. (1) a‰p-≈-hsc Bi-bn-°msX \mw kzbw Is≠-Ønb Bi-b-߃. (2)a‰p-≈-h¿ cq]s∏-Sp-Ønb Bi-b-߃. Cu c≠pXcw [mc-W-I-sfbpw I¿°-i-am-b- bp‡nNn¥bv°p hnt[-b-am°n hni-I-e\w sNøpI-bm-Wn-\n- th-≠-Xv. kq£va-amb hni-I-e-\-Øn¬]e Bi-b-ßfpw A]-Iztam A¿[k-Xytam Abp-‡n-ItamBsW∂v t_m[y-s∏-Spw. AØcw Bi-b-ß-fpt]£n-°-Ww.]ns∂ \ΩpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb Bi-b-ßsf ]pjvSn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw s]men-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Bi-b-ßsf Ah-tbmSv ka-\z-bn-°-Ww. ChnsS \ap°v \ΩpsS kz¥w Bi-b-temIw kºp-jvS-am-Ip-∂Xv A\p- -h-s∏-Spw. GIm-K-amb a\\-Øn-eqsS AXv]q¿Whpw hni-Z-hp-ambn \ΩpsS a\-n¬ sXfn-™p-h-cpw. D]-\ymkw auen-I-am-Ip-∂Xv Aß-s\-bm-Wv.

D]-\ym-k-Øn¬ Bhn-jvIr-X-am-t°≠ Bi-b-Øns‚ kv pSX hfsc ][m-\-am-Wv. AXv th≠X sXfn-™-Xm-sW-¶n¬cN\ hfsc A\m-bm-k-am-bn-cn-°pw. `mj Hcp ]iv\-am-hn-√.]Xn-]mZyw Ahy-‡-am-sW-¶n¬ cN\ Iep-j-am-hpw; ]Xn-]mZ\w ZpjvI-c-hp-am-hpw.

hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n®v FX Imcy-ß-fmWv X\n°p ]d-bm-\p-≈-Xv, ]dbp-∂-Xns‚ ap≥K-W-\-I-a-sa¥v, Cu Bi-b-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw ImX-embtXXv F∂nh-bn¬ Ah-t_m-[-ap≠m-h-Ww. ImX-emb Bi-b-tØmSv a‰p-≈-hsb ka-\z-bn-∏n°m≥ Ign-™m¬ D]-\ym-k-Øn\v B¥-cn-I-amb ssPh-L-S-\-bp-≠m-hpw.Ct∏mƒ D]-\ymkw Fhn-sS-\n-∂m-Wm-cw- n-t°-≠-Xv, c≠m-aXp]d-tb-≠-sX-¥m-Wv, ]ns∂-∏-d-tb-≠-sX-¥m-Wv, F¥p- ]-d-™m-W-h-km-\n-∏n-t°-≠Xv XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®p hy‡-amb[mc-W-bp-≠m-hpw.

lb¿ sk°‚dn84

D]-\ym-k-Øn\v kmam-\y-amb Hcp LS-\-bp-s≠∂p ]d-bm-dp-≠v. Bcw- -Øn¬ \S-°p-∂Xv hnj-bm-h-X-c-W-am-Wv. F¥mWphnj-bw, hnj-b-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ, hnjbw Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xns‚ HuNnXyw, hnj-bsØ GXp ImgvN-∏m-Sn-emWv kao-]n-°p-∂-Xv CXbpw Imcy-߃ D]-\ym-k-Øns‚ Bap-J-am-Ipw.hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n®v ]d-tb≠ Imcy-߃ ap≥K-W-\I-a-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv ]_‘ico-c-ap-≠m-hp-∂-Xv. CuN¿®bn-eqsS sNs∂-Øp∂ ][m\ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ \nK-a-\-߃-˛-]-c-kv]-c-_-‘-tØmsS tImUo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ D]-kw-lmc-hp-am-Ipw.

DW¿∂n-cn-°p∂ a\-tm-sS, A\p-Iaw Imcy-߃ N¿®sNbvXp t]mhp-I-bmWp th≠-Xv. Hcm-ibw ]q¿Wambpw ]d™pÿm]n-®nt´ ASpØ Bi-b-Øn-te°p IS-°m-hq. \ΩpsSNn¥mhnIm-k-Øns‚ Xmfw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv D]-\ym-k-Ønse JfinImhn -P-\w. Hcp Jfin-I-bn¬ Hcm-ibw ka-K-ambn N¿®sNøp-I. AXns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-amb XpS¿®-sb∂p ]d-bm-hp∂ Bi-bta ASpØ JfinI N¿®sNøm-hq. HmtcmJfinI ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-tºmgpw hnjbw IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬kv pS-ambnØoc-Ww.

D]-\-ym-k-Øn¬ Nne-t∏mƒ D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ tN¿t°-≠n-h-cm-dp-≠v. Ipd-®-[nIw D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ tN¿Øm¬ D]-\-ymkw ]uV-amIpw F∂p -I-cp-Xp-∂-h-cp-ap-≠v. Cu kao-]\w icn-b-√. hfscAX-ym-h-i-y-ap≈, XnI®pw ]k-‡-amb kµ¿ -ß-fnte D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ tN¿°m-hq. km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ c≠p kµ¿ -ß-fn-emWvAh ]k-‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv. (1) \ΩpsS Hcp hmZ-Øn\v \tΩ°mƒB[n-Im-cn-I-X-bp≈ Hcp ]fin-Xs‚ ]kvXmhw i‡-amb]n≥_ew \¬Ipw F∂p-d-∏p-≈-t∏mƒ. AhnsS D≤-c-Wn- tN¿°pIbpw Bi-bw hni-Zo-I-cn®v AsX-ßs\ \ΩpsS hmZsØB[n-Im-cn-I-am-°p∂p F∂p hy‡-am-°p-Ibpw thWw. (2)\Ωp-sS Bi-bsØ ]mtS -tNm-Zyw sNøp∂ Hcp ]kvXm-h\B[n-Im-cn-I-X-b-h-Im-i-s∏-Sm-hp∂ Hcmƒ \S-Øn-bn- p-s≠-¶n¬AXpw D≤-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ChnsS B D≤-c-Wn-bpsS bp‡n-cm-ln-Xyw N¿®sNbvXv \ΩpsS hmZ-Øns‚ ]_-eX ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw thWw. a‰p-X-c-Øn¬ tN¿°p∂ D≤-c-Wn-I-sf√mwFt∏mƒ th-W-sa-¶nepw FSpØpIfbm-hp∂ Ae-¶m-c-߃amX-am-bn-cn-°pw.

B¿Ph-ap≈ sNdnb hmI-y-ß-fmWv D]-\-ymkcN-\bv°v \√-Xv. ka-Ime hy-h-lm-c- m-j-tbmSv ssPh_‘-ap≈ hm°p-Iƒ

-hym-I-cWw 85`mj F∂ hnkvabw 85

D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ Gsd- \-∂v. I¿ΩWn-]-tbm-K-߃ A\nhmcy-sa-¶n¬ amX-ap-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I. hmI-y-ß-fpsS ssZ¿Lyw IqSp-tºmƒ kap-®-b-]-tbm-K-߃ [mcmfw tN¿t°-≠n-h-cpw. Akq-£va-amb kap-®b]tbmKw hmI-y-L-S-\m-]-c-am-b- sX-‰p-IƒkrjvSn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. hm°p-I-fpsS ]tbm-K-Ønse IrXyXhfsc ][m-\-am-Wv. \mw a\-n¬ ImWp∂ Bi-b-Øns‚GI-tZi cq]w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hm°p-I-f-√-, AXv ]q¿Wambn[z-\n-∏n-°m≥ ]c-ym-]vX-amb hm°p-IƒXs∂ Is≠-Ø-Ww.[mcm-f-ambn ]tbm-Kn®v A¿Y-kw-th-Z-\-£-aX \jvS-s∏- , sNSn-∏p-f-hm-°p∂ ssien-Ifpw ]tbm-K-hn-ti-j-ßfpw (¢otj) ]c-am-h[n Hgn-hm-°p-I. Hmtcm ImeØpw "^mj-\-_nƒ' Bbn-Øo-cp∂ ]Z-]-tbm-K-߃ hfsc Icp-X-tem-sS-amXw D]-tbm-Kn-°pI.ì

at‰Xv kmlnXycq]-Øn-ep-sa-∂-t]mse D]-\ym-k-ØnepwBflm-hn-jvIm-c-Øns‚ Hcp Xe-ap-≠v. hnj-b-tØm-Sp≈ kao-]\w hyXn-cn-‡-am-Ip-∂n-s√-¶n¬, Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ BibtemI-Øn¬ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ hy‡n-kz-Xz-Øns‚ apZ- ]-Xn-™n-´n-s√-¶n¬ D]-\ymkw Bibkar-≤-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw hnc-k-ambn tXm∂pw. D]-\ymkw hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb hnh-cWw amX-ambnØocpw. F≥.-hn.- Ir-jvW-hm-cy-cpsS ssh⁄m-\n-I-te-J-\-߃ CXn-\p-Zm-l-cn-°mw. Fw. tKm-hn-µ≥, kn.sP.- tXm-a-kv, Fw.F≥.- hn-P-b≥, k°-dnb XpS-ßnbhcpsS D]-\ym-k-߃ Cu ]cn-an-Xnsb e-]-Z-ambn AXn-h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

D]-\ym-kw, teJ-\w, ]_‘w F∂o kmln-Xy-cq-]-߃XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw Xncn-®-dn-bmsX Nne-sc-¶nepw Chsb H∂m-bn-°m-Wm-dp-≠v. AXp icn-b-√. ctaym-]-\ym-k-ß-tfmSv ASp-∏-ap≈ kmln-Xy-cq-]-amWv teJ-\w. ]X-]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ mK-ambn cq]-s∏- -Xm-W-Xv. ssh⁄m-\nIkz`m-h-ap≈ F√m-XcwKZycN-\I-sfbpw kqNn-∏n-°m≥ Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v.Hcp hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ imkvXo-bhpw ka-K-hp-amb]T\Øns‚ ^e-ambn cNn-°p-∂-XmWv ]_-‘w. ]_-‘-Ønse Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ°v hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb sXfnhp-IƒtN¿t°-≠-Xp-≠v. hkvXp-X-I-fpsS tkmX-v IrXy-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØWw.

lb¿ sk°‚dn86

]h¿Ø-\-߃

h¿W-ß-fpsS D®m-c-W-co-Xn, D®m-c-W-ÿm\w XpS-ßn-bhkw_-‘n® F. B-dns‚ \nco-£-W-߃ tImUo-I-cn-°p-I.NnX-k-lm-b-tØmsS Ah tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

ae-bmfw D®-cn-°pw-t]mse Fgp-Xp-Ibpw Fgp-Xpw-t]mseD®-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ m-j-bmsW∂v ]d-bm-dp-≠t√m.A]-hm-Z-߃ Is≠Øq.

NphsS \¬In-bn- p≈ A£-c-ß-fpsS D®m-cWw hni-I-e\wsNøp-I.

£, ∑, ©, ‡

ae-bm-f- m-j-bnse en]n-cq-]-ß-fn¬ k¶o¿WX A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂h GsX√mw F∂pw F¥p-sIm-s≠∂pw Is≠-Øp-I.

kwhr -tXm -Im -c -Øn\v `mj-bn -ep≈ ]m[m\ywN¿®sNøp-I.

]X-ßfpw B\p-Im-en-I-ß-fpw ]cn-tim-[n®v `mj-bnse]iv\-ßfpw ]cnanXn-Ifpw Is≠-Øp-I.

""amfpØ≈bvs°¥m th≠v ?'' ]oSnI°mc≥ hnfn®p tNmZn®p. ""Mv G? G? G!....''amfpØ≈bpsS sXm≠ AS™pt]mbncp∂p. Ah¿IgpØp sh´n°pIbpw A¿Yan√msX apcfpIbpwsNbvXp. F¥mWp th≠sX∂v Ah¿°p an≠m≥hø.""Cu s_fs°ms∂Sp°Ww tams\! F∂n´p c≠ptkdcn, Hcp ]ew safIv...'']oSnI°mcs‚ apJØv ]p—ckw ]c∂p.""ChnsS ]WØn∂mWv Nc°p hn¬°p∂Xv.''""thsd _boeym≠m tams\. s]cp∂mfn\mbn´m≠m.IpSoev It®mSey. ISsefIoSv°vWv. apt°mcv_s©yd°Wn√. c≠okØn\v c≠p tkdcn, Hcp]ew safIv....''""]≠w sIms≠s®∂m¬ F\n°mcpw Nc°p Xcn√.\nßft√ ]d™ocp∂v, c≠okw Ibn™m Gepw\qepw FSptØmfm∂v! AXv I¿°nSIØn¬ tImfp

-hym-I-cWw 87`mj F∂ hnkvabw 87

h∂t∏mgm. ]ns∂ ImcWhtc, ap∏tØgpdp∏nI]Xnaq∂W Ggpss].''\oenbΩbpsS apJØv ASnsIm≠t]mse \n∂p.aIfpsS Gepw \qepw Ct∏mgpw ]WbØnemWv.sI´n® s]Æns\ s]cp∂mfmbn´v aq∂p Imins‚]≠an√msX Cd°n \SØWw.""s]cp∂mfßv Ibnt™ms´ tams\. apt°mcv_s©ydIym A∂p Rm≥ _cm. c≠p tkdcow....''

(\nehnf°v - ˛ tImhne≥)

\¬Inbncn°p∂ mKØns‚bpw ]cnNbs∏´ a‰pcN\m`mKßfpsSbpw ASnÿm\Øn¬ k¿KmflIIrXnIfn¬ hmsamgn D]tbmKn°p∂Xns‚]m[m\yhpw ]k‡nbpw N¿®sNøpI.

aebmfØn\v "Cc´samgnØw' Ds≠∂ Sn.-_n. thWp-tKm-]m-e-∏-Wn-°-cpsS A`n]mbsØ hna¿i\mflIambn]cntim[n®v \nßfpsS \nKa\߃ AhXcn∏n°pI.

Bonsai Ipdpacw

Breaking news ]pXphm¿Ø

e-book reader ]mcmbWn

Setsquare IW∏pa´w

A\y`mjm]Zßsf aebmfoI-cn-°p-∂-Xnse ]iv\-ßfpwkm[y-X-Ifpw N¿®sNøp-I.

`mjbnep≈ ssIbS°w F∂XpsIm≠v- teJI≥Dt±in°p∂Xv Fs¥ms°bmWv?F¥psIm≠v CXv ][m\s∏´XmIp∂p?

"D]-\ymk'Øn¬ \n¿tZ-in® am\-Z-fi-߃ A\p-k-cn-®v,\n߃ hmbn® GsX¶nepsamcp D]-\ymkwhne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

lb¿ sk°‚dn88

]T\t\´ßƒ

h¿WßfpsS D®mcWcoXn, D®mcWÿm\w, XpSßnbhsbkw_‘n® \nco£W߃ tImUoIcn°pIbpw]´nIs∏SpØpIbpw sNøp∂p.

aebmf]Xßfpw B\pImenIßfpw ]cntim[n®v`mjm]tbmKØn¬ ImWp∂ ]iv\߃ Is≠Øn N¿®\SØp∂p.

hmsamgnbpw hcsamgnbpw XΩnep≈ _‘w hniIe\wsNbvXv D]\ymk߃ Xbmdm°p∂p.

A°mZanI cN\IfpsS khntijXIsf°pdn®v cq]s∏SpØnb [mcWIfpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ cN\Iƒ\SØp∂p.

89Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Iƒ

BapJw

`mhp-I-Xz-[m-c-I-fmepw ]ÿm-\-t -Z-ß-fmepw kº-∂hpw

Ne-\m-fl-I-hp-amWv ae-bm-f- I-hnX. Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚

BZy ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ Ipam-c-\m-im≥, D≈q¿, h≈-tØmƒ

F∂n-h-cpsS IrXn-I-fmWv ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bpsS KXn \n¿W-

bn-®-Xv. F∂m¬ Ihn-X-b-Øns‚ Ime-Øp-Xs∂ Ah-cptS-

Xn¬\n∂v Du¿Pw Dƒs°m-≠Xpw hyXy-kvXhp-amb Imhy-

h-gn-Iƒ D≠m-bn. Ah Ac-\q-‰m-≠n-tesd ]n∂n´v ]pXp-

I-hn-X-hsc FØn-\n¬°p-∂p. ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bnse Cu

]cn-Wm-a-߃ ASp-Ø-dn-bm-\p-X-Ip∂ bqWn-‰m-Wn-Xv.

ChnsS sImSp-Øn-cn -°p∂ B[p-\nI Ihn-X-Isf

ap≥\n¿Øn hnhn[ Imhy-[m-c-I-sfbpw mhp-I-Xz-]-cn-Wm-

a-ß-sfbpw kaK-ambn a\-n-em-°mw. H‰°hn-X-Iƒ F∂

\ne-bn¬ khn-ti-j-amb ]T-\-Øn\pw ]m[m-\y-ap-≠v.

CXn\v klm-b-I-amb Hcp teJ-\hpw bqWn-‰n¬ tN¿Øn-

´p-≠v. Ihn-Xm-]-T-\sØ Kuc-h-ambn kao-]n-°m≥ CXv

klm-bn-°pw. H∏w Ihn-X-bnse hyXykvX ]h-W-X-Ifpw

`mhp-I-Xz-ßfpw Xncn-®-dn™v Bkzm-Z-\-Øn\pw ]T-\-Øn-

\p-ap≈ km[y-X-Iƒ Xpd-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Ihn-X-bpsS h-gn-Iƒ\mev

90 lb¿ sk°‚dn

_nw_n-km-cs‚ CS-b≥

(henbhcpsS BinX\mbn AhcpsS hoSpIfn¬ Ign™pIqSnbn´p≠v, Rm≥. A°meØv AhnsS AXnYnIfmbn h∂h≈tØmƒ, C. hn, \me∏mS≥ XpSßnbhsc A¬∏w AI∂p\n∂v t\m°n°mWp∂Xnep≠mb ckw HcnSb\neqsS ]ISam°nbXmWv Cu IhnX.)

bmKimebnte°p \S°phn--\mKkznIfmamSpItf

_nw_nkmc\r]≥ Zo£n∏q\nßsfaofpsamc[zcw.

AebmXIemXIdmtXCetbm ]pt√m Xn∂mtX

bmKimebnte°p \S°phn-\mKkznIfmamSpItf !

Ip‰n®aXØfn¿ Xn∂n\nbpwIqØSn°m\nSbn√

bmKmKv\n°pw \ap°paßn\n -tbImZinbmsaØm™m¬.

XmWp XqIpw shbnepw \ngepwXfncmbnebmbv-s∏m¥Ifn¬

FcnIÆm¬ØpSpae¿ hncnbn°pw\cnbpw hmgmaXn\p≈n¬

F≥ IhnW°t√sdmt∂\nßsf t\¿hgn ImWn°q

sN∂mbbv°pw kzmZdnbmsa≥s]m∂pcpft®mdn\n thtWm?

CS-t»cn

91Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Iƒ

Xpe™p Xqßo, Im◊ote,bn- ®c¬∏dºn≥ ]m¿izØn¬

\n߃°p≈ _en°√n≥ ]SnsNΩpInengpInb ]Items\?

]cXbmXm]mtYbw t]m¬-°dpI∏p¬Øe ImcmsX

HmSnsbØo´n„n apSn°phn,-s\\n°p XpebWsamcp ap°n¬.

ap≥hcn ]‰n \S°p∂papgpØ Ips™m∂pintcmtS,

apS¥nSp∂p ]n∂n¬∏n∂n¬ap‰pw as‰mcp sIm®∏≥.

X≈bmSn\p kw`a,atømXmt\XpSen\p XpW \n¬°pw?

AtXmSpatßm,´tXmSpantßm-´m]o\kvX\aInSpesb!

AΩamcpsS apKv[XIƒ°n-ßhknXnbpt≠m ph\Øn¬.

Xs∂Øt∂ Xo‰ sImSpØnh¿t]m‰nsbSp∏oemcmsc?

BSns\, bcNs\, bnSbs\ \o s]-ÆmtS s]‰q ]e t]sc;

t\SnbsX¥]h¿KantX hscs\SpXmw ho¿∏pIf√msX?

F\n°psamcp amXp≠mbo ], -s≠s∂ \r]∂p sImSpØt∏mƒ

In´nb hn¬°mi∏Snsb∂psStIm¥ebv°epS°nbhƒ!

92 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Ahƒ°p Ipfncn\p Iºnfn t\Sn-∏n∂osSt∂m Rm≥ sN¬sI,

Hc´n aÆp ]pX®p InS∏q:hoSm°Sta aaP∑w!

tlmbv, tlmbv, Cetbm ]pt√m Xn∂m-XebmXIemXIdmtX

bmKimebnte°p \S°phn-\mKkznIfmamSpItf!

Bcphm\nXp \sΩXzcbm-eXnIan®p \S°pt∂m≥

BNmc∏Snbt\zjn∏h-\tlm, alm¬∏cnZo]vX≥!

apt\, hm\o temIatijwtXmfnseSp∏m≥ sI¬∏pStbm≥

Ip™mSnXns\s∏m°nsbSp∏m≥I\nhq \∂obmcw`w!

X≈bmtS, aXnbm°mta,XcfX h¬ksctbm¿Øn\n ta¬

H∂p tXmf,sØm∂Sn]‰o,-´nt±lw \n≥ NpatS‰q.

F\n°p th≠m I√pw IhnWbp -aobmsf∏n≥XpScp∂p

tX°psh≈w XfncWnbns®mcptIZmcØnepsa≥ ]‰w!

[ym\aKv\≥ ]uc∑m¿ sXmgp -Xm\ant∏mcnt±lw;

amZriscßs\bdnbp∂q lmamap\namcpsS at\mKXw !

93Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Iƒ

Xm≥ Npa°pw Ip™mSn≥ arZp-a÷mamwkw hcfptºmƒ

tlmah”n han°pw cpNnIc -kuc`amtam XZznjbw!

\sΩs®m√n al¿tj, Xm¶ƒ-°mi¶bv°n√hImiw:

C∏‰ßsSsbm‰s°mdphpw\ap°p In´m≥ hn[nbn√!

]mwiphmarjn X∂psS tXmfn¬Ip™msSmcp sh¨sImSn t]mte;

Xºpcm\psS b⁄[zPta,\osb¥nX \new ]‰o?

IdpØcmhn≥ XpSpangn t]mte˛bnfIn°Øpw s\bvØncnIƒ

hnf¿Øpht√m tXPm≠nSp-ant±lØn≥ Xncpapºn¬

BcmecptX sN√m\nSb\p-tlma∏pIbpsS ad]‰n

s]cphncent∑¬\n∂n;\nbps≈mcps]cpaIƒ ImWmsamSpthmfw.

bmKimebvs°t¥ ]‰otbmKoizc\psS Im¬sh∏m¬?-

b⁄∏iphn≥ ho¿∏pbcp∂q!a¥tLmjw h‰p∂q!

""sImSp°phm\cpXmØsXSp°cp-''˛sXt∂m amap\n imkn∏q?

s]mcpfdohose, ∂pbncn¬∏pXnsbmcpIpfncp≠[p\m sNmcnbp∂p!

94 lb¿ sk°‚dn

hne°nsbt∂m sIme Xotc! l, l -_ln¿Kan∏qarKbqYw

tlmaIpfiw tX´nhnSps∂mcpheºncn®pcpƒ ]pIt]mse!

EXzn°pItf, tNmc]pcs≠mcpIØnIƒ ]qgvØnSpapbntcmsS

\n߃ ]n≥hmßnt∏mw aqeI- -sf¥ncpƒaqSpw imeIƒ!

Rm\dnhoe apt\, ]n∂mse-t∏m∂hs\¶nepaßsb;

Rm≥ \pIcp∂p \n≥ Zbsb∏-≠Ωn™∏meXpt]mse

sX‰nt∏mao°¿ΩTcmw ZznP¿tXdnSpt∂bn√t√m

Binn∂mbv hoWp hWßnSp-acN\paXpt]meßsb!

At⁄bXsbt∏Sn°p∂qNne¿, Nne¿ hmgvØn \S°p∂p;

t]Snt∏m¿ ]Ish∏q, hmgvØn\ -S∏h¿ tXSp∂Xnem`w!

icn°pamcy al¿tj, Xm¶sf-bdnthmcobPbqY߃;

Ahbn¬∏t£ Xßp∂oemIrX⁄XmhNt\m]mbw!

(Imhnse ]m v)

95Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Iƒ

]mhw am\-h-lr-Zbw

Hcp kmKcKoXK`ocX -bpbcp∂q, hm\pw qanbp -

samcp XmcIbpw tI´p Xcn®XpIcfmte‰p hndbv°p∂p.

Hcp \hamb hnjmZw ambvsI-bpW¿∂q ]gsbmcp l¿jw IhnbpsS- ñ

bmgw ImWmØncpfpIfn¬,

ag \ngse√mw \oßn shfpØpan\ptØmcpeIn≥ Ihnfn,semtcmW-

∏qhn≥ ]p©ncnbnXfpIfn¬,

CØdhmSn≥ ]gInb ap‰-ØØ∏q°fsamfnNn∂p∂

hnimeXbn¬, IÆocpIfn¬,

BsI saen™ns´∂mepw ]pXptImSnbpSpØpw Xfcpw angnIfn-

tetXm hnclØn≥ \\hm¿∂p˛ancp∂nSpaw_nIX≥ Nncnbn¬,

Cfshbn¬ s]m∂p\pdpßpIfmbn-ØßnSptamWØpºn®ndInsem -

c\pcmKØnt∂m¿Ωbn;e¬∏-hnIkzcamsbmcpjn≥ angnbn¬

kpK-X-Ip-amcn

96 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Hcp \hl¿jw Xßn hnXpºn-®ncn XqIp∂q, ISepw Imbep-

apbsc∏oen hncn°pw sXßn≥\ncIfpaXneenbp∂mSp∂p!

Ccpfn≥ ImcmKmcw - sas√hen®p Xpd∂p ]pdØp≈gIn≥

]ctam’hsamcp t\m°m¬ I≠pIpfn¿°p∂q \clrZbw

Bcp Nhn´nØmgvØnepagen≥]mXmfØnsemfn°neptatXm

]q¿hkvacWbnemÀmZØn≥temIsØØpw lrZbw

ISeesb√mw hoW°ºnI -fmbn apdp°n°cfm¬ ]gsbmcp

XpSnsIm´n∏pXp]m´pIƒ ]mSnckn°pw am\hlrZbw

Hcp XmcIsb ImWptºmfXpcmhp ad°pw, ]pXpagIm¨sI

hcƒ® ad°pw, ]m¬®ncn I≠XparXnsb ad∂p kpJnt® t]mIpw

]mhw am\hlrZbw.....

97Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Iƒ

tImgn-∏¶v

Fs‚ tImgnsb \n߃ ]IptØmfn≥]t£, Iq¿º≥ sIms°\n°p Xcn≥...

Fs‚ tImgnsb \n߃ ]IptØmfn≥]t£, sNº≥]qsh\n°p Xcn≥˛ - Ip∂n°pcp-

°sÆ\n°p Xcn≥...

Fs‚ tImgnsb \n߃ ]IptØmfn≥]t£, s]m∂n≥ Imse\n°p Xcn≥˛ -F≈n≥ ]q

hncse\n°p Xcn≥˛ - Icnºn≥\Jsa\n°p Xcn≥...

Fs‚ tImgnsb \n߃ ]IptØmfn≥]t£, XpSnbpSse\n°p Xcn≥˛ - iwJn≥

Ipcse\n°p Xcn≥˛ - Ipg¬ ˛°csf\n°p Xcn≥˛ - Xw_pcp˛°pSse\n°p Xcn≥....

Fs‚ tImgnsb \n߃ ]IptØmfn≥]t£, \m°ne∏s∏\n°p Xcn≥˛ - ]q°ne˛

∏qSsb\n°p Xcn≥˛ - ssItXme˛hmse\n°p Xcn≥˛ - Xos∏mcn˛ -t®se\n°p Xcn≥˛ - ]pØcn-b¶sa\n°p Xcn≥....

k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

98 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Fs‚ tImgnsb \n߃ ]IptØmfn≥t]ms´,

tImgns°mºp \nßsfSptØmfn≥ ]√p \nßsfSptØmfn≥ ]qh≥ ap´ \nßsfSptØmfn≥ apebpw \nßsfSptØmfn≥

Fs‚ tImgnsb \n߃ ]IptØmfn≥]t£,

Fs‚ tImgnsb amXsa\n°p Xcn≥..

99Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Iƒ

AΩsb Ipfn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ

AΩsb Ipfn∏n°ptºmƒIp™ns\ Ipfn∏n°ptºmsg∂t]mseIcpX¬ thWw.DS¬ ssIbn¬ \n∂v hgpXcpXvCfwNqSmbncn°Wwsh≈Øn\v.Imew t\¿∏n®B DS¬ITn\aW߃ ]cØp∂tkm∏pemb\nsIm≠v ]Xbv°cpXvIÆpIƒ \o‰cpXv.

Hcn°¬\ns∂ Ipfn∏ns®mcp°nbAΩbpsS ssIIfn¬A∂v \o Inep°n°fn® hfIƒ ImWn√;AhbpsS Nncnsbm®bpw

\ns‚ Cfw ISntb‰ ]gb tamXncwB hncen¬\n∂v Ft∂ hoWpt]mbncn°pw

F∂m¬Ct∏mƒ AΩbpsS ssIIfnep≠vNpfnhns‚FÆan√mØ sRmdnhfIƒHm¿ΩIƒsIm≠v Xnfßp∂h

kmhnXn cmPo-h≥

100 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Gtgm Fgp]tXm GgmbnctamAXn¬ \ndt`Z߃?

FÆm≥ an\s°tS≠IÆS®vCfw NqSpsh≈w hoWv]Xp]XpØ B arZpicocwsXm´pXtemSnbncn°pIAt∏mƒHm¿ΩIƒ XnßnsRcpßnbB NpfnhpIƒ \nh¿∂p XpSßpwAΩ ]Xps° ssIIƒ \o´n\ns∂ ho≠pw Ipfn∏n®v XpSßpwFÆbnepw Xmfnbnepw apßn\o Ipfn®p kv^pSambnsXfn™ph∂psImt≠bncn°pw.

At∏mƒAΩ \n\°p X∂ DΩIfnsem∂vAΩbv°v ]Icw \¬IpI

AΩsb Ipfn∏n°ptºmƒIp™ns\ Ipfn∏n°ptºmsg∂ t]mse.....

101Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Iƒ

takvXncn

Hcp takvXncntbmsSm∏w ]Wn°p t]mbnD®bv°v tNmdp≠p Ign™vsXmgpØns‚ XnÆbnencp∂p.Hcp Infn hmg∏gw sImØnØn∂p∂pAXns\ ]nSn°m≥ ]‰ptam?I∏fØns‚ ]gpØ ssI]d∂p hogp∂p.AXpsIm≠v HtcmS°pgep≠m°mwsshIn´v jm∏nev h®v takvXncn ]d™p:\ns∂ Cu ]Wn°p sIm≈n√.\o Fs¥ms°tbm ]ndp]ndp°p∂pCSbv°nSbv°v Hm¿Øp \n¬°p∂pNp‰nIbv°p ]Icw Xqºm sIm≠phcp∂pNm¥n\p ]Icw NpSpI´ sIm≠phcp∂pCcpºpN´nbpambn Ftßmt´m t]mIp∂p

takvXncn CubnsS acn®p.hmg∏gw Xn∂p∂ InfnbpwI∏fØns‚ ssIbpw Hm¿Ωbnep≠v.

(IdpØ I√v)

Fkv. tPmk v

102 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Ihn-X-bnse \mS-Io-bX

BibsØ A\p`qXnbm°pI F∂XmWt√m IhnX km[nt°≠ cmk]Inb. Cu ]Inb°v Bibn°mhp∂ BhnjvIcWkt¶XØns‚ a¿aatX "\mSIm¥w IhnXz'sa∂BibØneqsS s]m^. tPmk^v ap≠t»cn kwKln®ncn°p∂Xv. Hmtcm IhnXtbmSpw CW°n CXv CgtN¿Øp [cns®Sp°pI F∂Xv lnXIcamb Hcp kuµcyin£Wamhpw. H´pwFfp∏a√ Cu in£Ww. F¶nepw CXp t\Snbmtem, BIhnXbnse IemX¥Ønte°v ssIhcp∂ [\yamb Hcpƒ°mgvNbmbn CXns\ IW°m°mw. BkzmZ\w \S°sh, \ap°\pjvTn°mhp∂ Hc`ymkap≠v: F¥psIm≠v Hcp \n›nXIhnX \nkvXpeamw hn[w D≈n¬ X´p∂p F∂v BcmbpI.]ZhmIyLS\ sXm v ]e Awißfn¬ X´nØS™p \n¬°mwDØcw. AhnsSsbm∂pw cmPnbmhmsX NnI™p NnI™vsN√pI; HSp°w \mw AWbp∂Xv ap≠t»cn \n¿tZin® emhWyXØzØn¬ Xs∂bmhpw. Aßs\, BibsØ A\p`hØn¬ ]Xn°m\p≈ ]caamb D]m[nbmWv \mSIobX F∂vKln°p∂tXmsS, ap≠t»cnbpsS kn≤m¥Øns‚ kØv\ΩpsS BkzmZ\Øn¬ Hcp Dt∑jambn ebn°pIbmbn.

XmcXtay\ ]pXnb Hcp IhnXbnte°v Cu kn≤m¥Øns‚civan s]mgnbm\p≈ eLphmb iaw C\n \SØs´. cN\hnjvWp\mcmbW≥ \ºqXncnbptSXmWv "apJsahnsS?' F∂IhnX. hy‡nXztem]w F∂v Zm¿i\nI¿ hyhlcn°mdp≈BibamIp∂p, "apJsahnsS?' F∂ IhnXbv°vv hnjbw. CXp]t£ shdpw Bibw F∂ \nehn´v Hc\p`hambn \Ωn¬BLmXta¬∏n°p∂p F∂nSØtX Cu IhnXbpsS \n¿WmbIamb hnPbw. A√msX shdpw Bibw F∂ \nebn¬ CXvBh¿Øn®n´v F¥p th≠q?

sI. ]n. i¶-c≥

103Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Iƒ

Cu IhnXbpsS sNdp Nnangn¬ inev]NmXpcntbmsS hn\ykn°s∏Sth hy‡nXztem]w F∂ BibtØmSv X¿°Øns\ms° AXoXamw hn[w \mw XmZmflyw ]m]n°p∂p. B inev]NmXpcnbmhs´, ap≠t»cn \njvI¿jn°p∂ \mSIobXbpsSXmhgnbn¬s∏´XpXs∂. AYhm, Iptd°qSn IrXyamb i–ap≠t√m, "]Xy£hØ', AXn¬ kv]¿in°p∂Xmhpw kaRvPkw. BibsØ icn°pw \ap°v ImWpamdv aq¿Øam°pwt]mencn°p∂p "apJsahnsS?' F∂ IhnXbpsS LS\. aq∂pJfißfmbn Xncn®ncn°p∂XneqsS apt∂dsh AIseAek-amb Hcp enXw t]mse kv^pcn® Bibw ImWmw -˛ Nhn- n-°p-Xn®v ASp-sØ-Øp-∂Xpw NSp-e-amb Hc-h-t_m-[-Øns‚ kqNn-Ø-e-∏mbn \Ωn¬ Xd-™n-d-ßp-∂-Xpw.

Xm≥, kplrØv hc® ]Sw ImWp∂p. AXpW¿Øp∂ ]I∏n¬ \n∂tX IhnXbpsS XpS°w. ]\b∂m¿°mhnse Fgp∂≈Øv F∂ `mhØnemWv ]Sw hc®ncn°p∂Xv. IpS, Xg,sImSn, B\-˛ hniZmwißsfms°bp≠v. h¿W∏pf∏p≈hkvXßfn¬ \nc∂ P\tØbpw hn´n´n√. F∂m¬ B P\Øn¬ HcpØ\pan√t√m apJw! CXmWv Xs∂ ]I∏n®Xv. CXp]t£, kplrØn\p ]‰nb hn`m¥n Ft∂ X¬°mew hnNmcn°p∂p≈q. "FhnsS apJw' F∂ tNmZytØmSp ]XnIcn°msXap\n t]mse Ccn∏mWt√m kplrØv. I£n apgp∏ncnb\mhmw;almthZm¥nbpamhmw!

ChnsS NnXØn¬ amXw k‘n°p∂ H∂mWv BfpIƒ°vapJan√mXmhpI F∂ kw`an∏n°p∂ Ahÿ. F´phcnIfnembmepw, Cu Ahÿ AXy¥w DtZzKP\Iambn BhnjvIcn®ncn°p∂p. Xm≥, NßmXn, Xs‚ tNmZyw, NßmXnbpsSau\w, AXnt\mSv Xs‚ ]XnIcWw;- BI∏msS, \mSIobXbpsS ssNX\yw A\p`sshIthZyw Xs∂.

apJan√mbva F∂ Ahÿ sXm´p apºn¬ k‘n°p∂kXyambn amdpIbmWv, ASpØ JfiØn¬. hnizkn°m≥sRcp°w. F∂mepw Xm≥ IÆmse I≠XmWv. Xs‚ ]Sn°eqsS \oßnt∏mhp∂ s\Snb PmYbn¬ Hscm‰ FÆØn\pan√apJw. _m°n \njvI¿jIƒs°m∂pw tem]an√.- icmbnbpwIfkhpw AWn™ncn°p∂p; \nd∏In´m¿∂ Xe∏mhp [cn®ncn°p∂p; Im¬-hbv]n¬ _lpIWniw ]men°p∂p. ]t£,t\Xm°∑m¿ \nKqVambn ]ckv]cw BcmbpIbmWv : \ns‚apJsahnsS? \nt‚tXm?.. CXv X\n°p P\n® hn`m¥nsbm∂p

104 lb¿ sk°‚dn

a√. sshIpt∂cw hniaØns‚ ]k∂Xbn¬ h¿Øn°ptºmgmWt√m Xm≥ Cu A\p`hhpambn k‘n°p∂Xv.

NnXØn¬\n∂v tIdnsbØn t\sc IÆn\p apºn¬ s]m´nhoWp Ign™p, apJan√mØ \ne. F∂mepw Ct∏mgpw AXpX\n°p ]pdØmWt√m F∂mizkn°mambncp∂p. CuBizmkhpw ]t£, s\SpsI ]nfcpIbmbn. AXn\p ]mIØnetX Ahkm\sØ JfiØnse BLmXw.

apJan√mØ t\Xm°ƒ; AhcpsS XmfØns\mØp\oßp∂ apJan√mØ A\pbmbnIfpw. I„w, Cßs\bmbnØo¿∂pht√m \ΩpsS _lpP\w! hnf°Øp ]m‰ t]mse]nSbmt\ Ch¿°p t\cap≈pht√m. AtXm¿°th, Aenhns‚Ddh Xs‚ D≈n¬ ho¿∏pap´p∂pap≠v. IÆp XpSbv°m≥ Xm≥ssItekpb¿ØpIbmbn. F¥v! Db¿Ønb ssItekv H∂nepwXSbp∂n√t√m! ChnsSbmWv IhnXbpsS -sR´n°p∂ Iemiw.Xm≥ H‰ Hm´ambncp∂p; FSpØSn®t]mse Adbnse Npa¿°ÆmSnbn¬ Ah\hs\Øs∂ t\m°ptºmgt√ Cuizcm,X\n°pw Ip∏mba√msX, AXns‚ tImfdn∂p tase apJwCs√t∂m ?.... Ct∏mgnXm, apJan√mbva AIsetbm ]pdsatbmD≈ Hcmiba√, Ah\hs\ _m[n® Hc\p`hamIp∂p.

IYm]mXw, Hcp \n›nX k‘nbn¬ AXns‚ ]XnIcWw,XpS¿∂p≈ InbmIem]w, kmµamb aq¿[\yw F∂nßs\\mSIØns‚ kwhn[m\X¥w khntijamb IqdS°tØm-sS Zo£n®ncn°p∂Xn\p≈ Zo]vXamb Zr„m¥amIp∂p,"apJsahnsS?.' hy‡nXztem]Øn\p ⁄m]IambnapJan√mbva Iev]n®nSØpXs∂ ImWmw, BibsØaq¿Øam°p∂Xn¬ Ihn°p≈ anSp°v. AXp apdbv°v hnIkn®vhnizcq]w ]m]n°p∂nSØv, IhnXbnse \mSIobX, G‰hpwkq£vacq]Ønembmepw ]camh[n e]m]vXnbm¿Pn°p∂p.

Cu IhnXbpsS kaKamb BkzmZ\ØneqsS \mw [cn®phbvt°≠Xns‚ Npcp°anXmWv: BibsØ ^e]ZambnAhXcn∏n°ptºmtg IhnX IhnXsb∂ \nebn¬ hnPbn°p∂p≈q. ^e]Zam°m≥ ]mtbW Ahew_n°mhp∂X¥amWv \mSIobX. CXp eLpcN\Iƒ°pw hgßmbvIsbm∂pan√. ]tabØns‚ am\w ]ISambpw Zm¿i\nItamcm„obtam Hs°bmhmw. F∂mepw icn, B hI cwKßfn¬s]mXpth ]Xnhp≈t]mse Bib®¿® amXw \SØn Ihn°v

105Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Iƒ

amdn\n¬°mhX√. BibsØ NSpehpw XcfhpambnA\p`hØnte°p ]Icp∂p F∂XneqsSbtX IhnX kz¥wauenIX ]cnc£n°p∂Xv. Cu ]I¿® \nt»jw ^e]Zam°m\p≈ am¿Kamhp∂p \njvIr„amb in¬∏LS\. CXn\p≈ as‰mcp t]cmWv \mSIobX F∂p hnNmcn°p∂XmhpwhnthInX.

(\nco£W߃ \n¿≤mcW߃)

]h¿Ø\߃

kmaqlnIPohnXhpambn _‘s∏´ Fs¥ms°kakyIfmWv "_nw_nkmcs‚ CSb≥' F∂ IhnXbn¬A¥¿`hn®ncn°p∂Xv?

-BSpItfmSp≈ CSbs‚ kw`mjWw Bfl`mjWambpwkmaqlnIPohnXsØ°pdn®p≈ kq£vahniIe\ambpwhnIkn°p∂ BJym\coXnbmWv "_nw_nkmcs‚CSb\n'ep≈X.v - hniZoIcn°pI.

-IhnXbnse \mSIobXbpsS hyXykvX am\߃CSt»cnbpsS "_nw_nkmcs‚ CSb≥', hnjvWp\mcmbW≥\ºqXncnbpsS "apJsahnsS?', Fkv. tPmk^ns‚ "takvXncn'F∂o IhnXIƒ hniIe\w sNbvXv Is≠ØpI.

"CSb≥' F∂ k¶¬-∏Øns‚ hym]vXn "_nw_nkmcs‚CSb≥' F∂ IhnX Bkv]Zam°n hniIe\w sNøpI.kqN\Iƒ:

$ - ]hmNI∑msc CSb∑m¿ F∂p hntijn∏n°mdp≠.v$ - _p≤≥ F∂ CSb≥.$ - Bibßsf ]mtbmKnIam°n.$ - kaqlsØ ]pXphgnbnte°p \bn®p.$ - th≠hn[w Xncn®dnbs∏SmsXt]mIp∂p.

106 lb¿ sk°‚dn

am\hlrZbsØ ]mhw F∂p hntijn∏n®Xns‚kmwKXysa¥v?- ""hnjmZNn¥Iƒ°p apIfn¬ Hm¿ΩIfpsSbpwsshb‡nIm\p -`qXnIfpsSbpw ]ImitemIsØ]XnjvTn°p∂ IhnXbmWv "]mhw am\hlrZbw''N¿®sNøpI.Im¬-∏\nIXbpsS Nne kz`mhkhntijXIƒ: -

$ - sshImcnIX$ - kz]v\mflIX$ - KrlmXpcX$ - sshb‡nIX

"]mhw am\hlrZbw' F∂ IhnXbn¬ Ch FXtØmfw]Xn^en°p∂p≠v?

-kaXzw,kzmX¥yw XpSßnb k¶¬-∏߃ AhaXn°-s∏Sp∂Xv "tImgn∏¶v' F∂ IhnXbn¬ Fßs\BhnjvIcn°p∂p?

-Bt£]lmkysØ kmaqlnIhna¿i\Øns‚ i‡ambD]m[nbm°nam‰m≥ B[p\nIIhnIƒ ian®ncp∂p."tImgn∏¶v' hniIe\w sNbvXv bp‡nIƒ AhXcn∏n°pI.

-Hcp h¿Øam\Ime aplq¿ØØnte°v hnZqcamb`qXImem\p`hßsf hn\ykn°p∂Xn¬ "AΩsbIpfn∏n°ptºmƒ' F∂ IhnX FXtØmfw kq£vaX]men®n´p≠v? - hniIe\w sNøpI.

AXnkm[mcWßfmb A\p`hßsft∏mepw Imhym\p-`qXnIfmbn cq]s∏SpØm≥ B[p\nIm\¥c-IhnXIƒka¿YamIp∂p. - "takvXncn' F∂ IhnX Bkv]Zam°nhniIe\°pdn∏v Xbmdm°pI.

kaqlw I¬-∏n°p∂ ]mtbmKnI PohnX]mTßtfmSp≈]Xntj[ambn "takvXncn' amdp∂sXßs\?

-aebmfIhnXbnse Im¬-∏\nIXbpsS XpS¿® Nߺpg,H.F≥. hn, kpKXIpamcn F∂nhcpsS cN\Iƒ hniIe\wsNbvXv Is≠ØpI.

]cnKWn°mhp∂ cN\Iƒ:

a\kzn\n -- NߺpgtNmdqWv - H. F≥. hn.]mhw am\hlrZbw - kpKXIpamcnAΩsb Ipfn∏n°ptºmƒ - kmhnXn cmPoh≥

107Ihn-X-bpsS hgn-Iƒ

-DØcm[p\nIX aebmfIhnXbn¬ hcpØnb `mhpIXz-]camb ]cnWmaw Fkv. tPmk^v, ]n. cma≥, ]n.F≥.tKm]oIrjvW≥ F∂nhcpsS IhnXIƒ ]cntim[n®vIs≠ØpI.

]cnKWn°mhp∂ cN\Iƒ:

I\w - ]n. cma≥takvXncn- Fkv. tPmk^va≠≥- ]n. F≥. tKm]oIrjvW≥

-BJym\mflIX IhnXbv°p \¬Ip∂ hmb\mkm[yXIƒCSt»cn, sshtem∏n≈n, Pn. i¶c°pdp∏v F∂nhcpsSIhnXIƒ A]KYn®v \ncq]Ww sNøpI.

]cnKWn°mhp∂ cN\Iƒ:

s]Æpw ]penbpw ˛ - sshtem∏n≈n_nw_nkmcs‚ CSb≥, ]qX∏m´v - CSt»cnNµ\°´n¬ - Pn.i¶c°pdp∏v

- -IhnXbnse Bt£]lmkyw F∂ hnjbØn¬ D]\ymkwXbmdm°pI.]cnKWn°mhp∂ cN\Iƒ:

tImgn∏¶v - k®nZm\µ≥Nm°me - ISΩ\n´hoUntbmacWw - Aø∏∏Wn°¿

108 lb¿ sk°‚dn

]T\t\´ßƒ

IhnXbØn\p tijap≈ aebmfIhnXIfpsSkhntijXIƒ Xncn®dn™v D]\ymkw cNn°p∂p.

kmlnXycwKsØ Im¬-∏\nIX, B[p\nIX,DØcm[p\nIX XpSßnb ]hWXIƒ Xncn®dn™v\ncq]W߃ Xbmdm°p∂p.

IhnXIfnse hyXykvXamb BJym\coXnIƒ XmcXaywsNbvXv Ipdn∏pIƒ FgpXp∂p.

]tab]cambpw cq]]cambpw aebmfIhnXbnep≠mb]cnWma߃ hniIe\w sNbvXv ]T\߃Xbmdm°p∂p.

hyXykvX kz`mhØnep≈ IhnXIƒ BkzZn°pIbpwIhnbcßpIƒ, sNm¬°mgvNIƒ apXembhbn¬AhXcn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS D≈d-Iƒ tXSn 109

BapJw

kwkvIm-chpw Ie-Ifpw hnim-e-amb ]T-\-ta-J-e-Ifm-Wv.

Imew Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ ]m[m\yw Iem- -kmw-kvIm-cnI

]T\-Øn\pw ssIh-∂n-´p-≠v. tIc-fob kaq-l-Øns‚

ASnsbm-gp-°mbn h¿Øn-°p∂ kmwkvIm-cnI [mc-Isf

sXm -dn-bp∂ bqWn-‰m-Wn-Xv.

C.]n.-cm-P-tKm-]m-es‚ "\m -dnhpw hntam-N-\hpw', sI.kn.-

\m-cm-b-Ws‚ "ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS cmXn-Iƒ' F∂o teJ-\-

ßfpw \mS≥ ]m´p-Ifp (Nhn- p-]m- v, am¿KwI-fn-∏m- v) amWv

Cu bqWn-‰n¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \mS≥ Ie-I-

sfbpw kwkvIm-c-sØbpw ]pXnb ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ hne-bn-

cpØp∂ t^mIvtem¿ ]T-\-Øns‚ coXn-imkvXw a\-n-

em-°m\pw Cu bqWn‰v D]-I-cn-°pw.

kwkvIr-Xn-bpsSD≈-d-Iƒ tXSn

A©v

lb¿ sk°‚dn110

\m-´-dnhpw hntam-N-\hpwC. ]n. cmP-tKm-]m-e≥

\m´dnsh∂v, \m´phg°sa∂v t^mIv-temdns\ hnh¿Ø\wsNbvX \mSmWv \ΩptSXv. IrXyamb ]cn`mjbmbn Iq´dnsht∂m kwLhg°sat∂m A√ \mw ]d™pt]mcp∂Xv. CuhyXykvXX Hcp \√ ImcyamW,v - BthiIcamb kqN\bmWv.

]pdØp\n∂v as‰mcdnhv h∂v \m´n¬ tImbvabp≠m°nbt∏mgmWv kz¥ambp≈ Adnhns\°pdn®p≈ DW¿hvChnsSbp≠mbXv. ]pdØp\n∂p≈ AdnhmWv tIcfØnsean°hmdpw F√mhcptSbpw PohnXØns‚ F√m CSßfnepw -Hu]NmcnIthZnIfnepw kzImcykµ¿`ßfnepsa√mw- \n¿WmbI]m[m\yw t\Snbncn°p∂Xv. aebmf`mj F∂Xv BAdnhns‚bpw kwkv-ImcØns‚bpw shdpw hnh¿Ø\am[yaambn amdns°m≠ncn°bmWv; hensbmcfhn¬ kmlnXyØn¬ t]mepw CXmWv \ne. sImtfmWnb¬ ImeØn\p apºvChnsS k¿KmflIamb, kmaqlnIamb Hcp PohnXw D≠mbncp∂pthm F∂pt]mepw kwibn°p∂ XcØnemWv kaImenI⁄m\m\p`hßfnse sshtZinI]`mhw. sXøw t]mse]S¿®bp≈ Hcp \m´\pjvTm\Øns‚ thfIfn¬ hensbmcphn`mKw tIcfob¿ XpS¿®bmbn Xm¬∏cyw ]ISn∏n°p∂p≠v.F¶nepw \m´dnhv PohnXØns‚ ]mtbmKnIamb Bhiy߃°mbn D≤cn°m\p≈ ioew C√mXmhpIbmWv.

ChnSsØ \thm∞m\]InbbpsS NcnXØnemWvCXns‚ ImcWw Xnctb≠Xv. \thm∞m\w Hcp ]nitImSpIqSnbmWv ChnsS ]h¿Øn®Xv. \ΩpsS kz¥w AdnhpIsfA¿lamb ]m[m\ytØmsS t\m°n°mWm≥ \thm∞m\kµ¿`w Xbmdmbn√ - F∂XmWv B ]niIv. \thm∞m\]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ taemfPmXnIfn¬s∏´hcpw Iogmf PmXnIfn¬s∏´hcpw ]s¶SpØn´p≠v. Ahsc√mw Hcpt]mse hcpØnb ]niImWnXv. yqU¬ kz`mhap≈Xv, A‘hnizmkw

kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS D≈d-Iƒ tXSn 111

\nd™Xv, ]mtbmKnIX IΩnbmbXv, Imcy £aXbn√mØXv,kaImenIa√mØXv - F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ ]XoXnIƒ \m´dnhns\°pdn®v BcpsSbpw ]Xy£amb ]kvXmh\-Ifn√msXXs∂ ChnsS hf¿∂ncp∂p. \thm∞m\w temI]ucXzwt\Sm\p≈ BZysØ \S]SnbmsW∂pw AXn\mbn BZywDucn°ftb≠Xv \m´dnhmsW∂pap≈ Nn¥bmWv A∂p≠mbncp∂Xv.

Xo¿®bmbpw ^yqU¬ioeßfpambpw A‘hnizmkßfpambpw tN¿∂p\n¬°p∂ Hcp]mSv \m´dnhpIƒ D≠mbncp∂p. \m´dnhpIƒ A∏Sn P\Iob[njWbpsS I\nIfmsW∂pw hntamN\mflIamsW∂pw ImWp∂Xv H´pw icnb√.F∂mepw Ahsb NcnX]cambn ImWm\pw ]pXnb ImetØ°p sIm≠phtc≠, amdnb kmaqlymhÿbn¬ e]Zambn D]tbmKn°m≥ Ignbp∂ C\ßsf Ahbn¬Is≠Øm\pap≈ ]h¿Ø\w \thm∞m\Øns‚ `mKambn\S°Wambncp∂p. CXn\mbn t¢ia\p`hn°m≥ BfpIfp≠mbn√ F∂XmWv t\cv. A[zm\n°p∂ tIcfob¿, AXne[nIhpw Ah¿W¿, PohnXmtbm[\Øns‚ InbIfmbpw mh\Ifmbpw hf¿Øns°m≠ph∂XmWv \m´dnhpIfn¬ Gsdbpw.ChnSsØ ]IrXntbmSpw A[zm\km[yXItfmSpw P¥pPmetØmSpw a\pjyamXrIItfmSpw ImemhÿtbmSpw kmºØnI_‘ßtfmSpsams° kzm`mhnIambn ]XnIcn°p∂Xn¬\n∂p≠mb \m´pI\nIfmWh. ]cnjv-ImcnIfpw temI]uc∑mcpamhm\p≈ XnSp°Øn¬ Cu ssPhkar≤nsbbmWv \thm∞m\in¬∏nIƒ hnkvacn®Xv. thZßsf°pdn®v, kwkv-IrXkmlnXysØ°pdn®v Ahcn¬ Nne¿ ]Tn°pIbp≠mbn. \m´dnhpIfpsS tIcfsØ∏‰n A°q´Øn¬ Bsc¶nepw FgpXnbXmbn Adnhn√. atXXcXzw, P\m[n]Xyw, h¿Kt_m[w, s]mXphnZym`ymkw, kwLS\mt_m[w, kact_m[w F∂nhbpsSImcyØn¬ i≤mep°fmbncp∂h¿ \mtSmSnbmb AdnhpIfpsS ImcyØn¬ ]mtbW kwibmep°fmbncp∂p. an°hcpwAßs\sbm∂v C√ F∂pt]mepw \Sn®p. ta¬∏d™ C\ßfpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ tIcfobsc DZvKYn°pIsb∂Xmbncp∂p \thm∞m\Øns‚ H∂mw ]cn]mSn. s]mXpamXrIXo¿°m\p≈ XnSp°Øn¬ Hmtcm \mSpambnt®¿∂p hnIkn®AdnhpIsf AhKWn°pIsb∂Xv A∂v B¿°psamcp sX‰mbn tXm∂nbn√. C∂mWv AXns‚ ew \ma\p`hn°p∂Xv.

tIcfhnIk\Øns‚ ]≤XnIƒ Xbmdm°ptºmƒ \m´dnhpIƒIqSn - AhbneSßnb, P\m[n]XyImeØn\v CWßp∂

lb¿ sk°‚dn112

temIt_m[߃ IqSn - Dƒt®¿°Wambncp∂p. AXn\p]Icw]m›mXyhnIk\coXnIfpsS Zp¿_eamb A\pIcWamWvChnsS \S∂phcp∂Xv. CXv Hcp kmaqlyZpc¥amWv. BtKmfh¬°cWw F∂ ]pXpapXemfnØw tIcfw t]mse HcnSØvAßmSnØØns‚ cq]Øn¬ hn]pehpw ]_ehpambn´ps≠¶n¬, AXns‚ aqeImcWw kz¥adnhpIfn¬\n∂vIpSnbnd°s∏´ P\XbmWv \mw F∂XmWv. P\X F∂ \nebn¬ BflhnizmktØmsS ]h¿Øn°m≥ klmbn°p∂hbmWv \mSns‚ auenIkmlNcyßfn¬ \n∂v sXgpØ, XeapdIfpsS ssIImcyØneqsS ]mIX t\Snb \m´dnhpIfpsS Iq´w.aebmf`mj F∂ kmwkv-ImcnI kmaKnbpsS amXw ASnÿm\ØnemWv \mw sFIys∏´ncn°p∂Xv. mj tIheh¬°cWØn\v hnt[bambns°m≠ncn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. aebmfsa∂Xv tIcfobm\p`hßfpsS \nL≠phmsW∂ t_m[Øn¬ \n∂v D]IcW]camb bp‡nbnte°v \mw amdnt∏mhpIbmWv. AXn\m¬ aebmfsØØs∂ ths≠∂p hbv°m\pw\Ωn¬ ]e¿°pw aSnbn√. aebmfnIfpsS B[p\nIXbv°papºsØ AdnhpIƒ -AXn¬ IYbpw ]m´pw NnXhpw in¬∏hpwKWnXhpw X®pimkvXhpw XpWns\bvØpw temlkwkv-IcWhpw sshZyhpw Hs°°qSn ChnSsØ A°mZanIhnZym`ymkØns‚ `mKambnt®¿Øv, bYm¿YØn¬ k¥penXamb-"temI'Øns‚ mKambn "\mSn's\bpw "\mSn's‚ XpS¿®bmbn "temI'sØbpw ImWp∂ kao]\w hf¿∂ncps∂¶n¬tIcfa\ns‚ tZiobkz`mhw kµnKv[amhpambncp∂n√.Aßs\ \ap°v kz¥amb B[p\nIX km[yam°mambncp∂p. \mSnt\mSpw \m´pImtcmSpw thdnSm°qdp≈h¿ hnZymebßfn¬\n∂pw k¿hIemimeIfn¬\n∂pw ]pdØndßpambncp∂p. Ah¿°v Htckabw \√ \m´p]uc∑mcpw temI]uc∑mcpambn ]h¿Øn°m≥ Ignbpambncp∂p; tIcfw⁄m\ImcyØn¬ "Xt‚S'ap≈XmsW∂v a‰p tZi°m¿°pwcmPy°m¿°pw t_m[ys∏Spambncp∂p.

\thm∞m\Øns‚ kzm[o\Ønep≠mb "\ΩpsS' HutZymKnI ]mTy]≤Xnbn¬,- s]mXphnZym`ymkØn¬- F√m Xeßfnepw, imkvXhnjbßfneS°w, \m´dnhpIƒ tN¿°mØXpsIm≠v Cusbmcp km[yXbmWv C√mXmbXv. Adnhns‚t]cn¬ BflhnizmktØmsS \n¬°m\p≈ tIcfobXbpsSA¿lXbmWv Cßs\ XI¿∂pt]mbXv. C∂v `mjm]T\Øns‚bpw tIcfNcnX]T\Øns‚bpw taJeIfnemWv

kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS D≈d-Iƒ tXSn 113

\m´dnhv, \t∂ Ipd™bfhnse¶nepw D≈Xv. tIcfØnsehnZymebßfnepw k¿hIemimeIfnepw ]Tn∏n°p∂imkvX- KWnXimkvX hnjbßfnepw kmaqlyimkvX hnjbßfnepw \m´dnhpIƒ H´pw C√.

\m´dnhptiJcWØns‚bpw ]T\Øns‚bpw NcnXwCXnep≈ P\Iobamb ]Xntj[Øns‚ NcnXamWv. kmamPyXzw ASnt®¬∏n® B[p\nIhnZym`ymkw Gdnb BthitØmsS kzoIcn°s∏Sptºmƒ, AXns‚ h¿Kkz`mhØn¬kwibw tXm∂nb BfpIfmWv ChnSsØ \m´dnhptiJcWØn\v XpS°wIpdn®Xv. NqjI¿ Xbmdm°nb hnZym`ymkwNqjnXcpsS tamN\Øn\v FXamXw DXIpw F∂Xmbncp∂pBZyIme \m´dnhp]finX∑mcpsS D≈nse tNmZyw.Xo¿®bmbpw Cu hnZym`ymkw sIm≠v Hcp]mSv KpW߃ D≠mbn´p≠v. F∂m¬ ASnÿm\]cambn hy‡nbn¬ tIµoIcn°p∂Xpw [\kºmZ\Øn¬ Du∂p∂Xpw ssIbd∏n√mØ ]IrXnNqjWsØ A\nhmcyam°p∂XpambamXrIIfmWv AXnep≈Xv. \m´dnhpIƒ samØ-Øn-se-Sp-Øm¬, Cu amXrItbmS v ]nWßp∂ LS\bmWv.\m´dnhpIfn¬ kzImcyhy‡nb√, Iq´amWv ][m\w;[\tIµoIcWa√, PohnXmtbm[\amWv e£yw. ]IrXns°m∏w ]h¿Øn°p∂, ]IrXnsb \in∏n°msXD]tbmKn°pI amXw sNøp∂ PohnXØn\mWv AhnsSDu∂¬. \m´pimkvXw, \m´p\nbaw, \m´pIW°v,\m´pkwKoXw, \m´p\mSIw, \mtSmSn\rØw, \m´pNnXw, \m´pIfn, \m´pIY, \m´p`mjm∏ea, \m´pNnIn’, \m´pssIthe,\m´mlmcw... CsXms°bps≠∂v s]cpInhcp∂, H‰ hgnbmbnGhcpw kzoIcn®phcp∂ B[p\nIXbpsS ap∂n¬ h®v]dbpIbmbncp∂p Ah¿. Cu B[p\nIXbptSX√mØ,ChnSsØ P\m\p`hßfpsS ]easIm≠v Xo¿Ø, Hcp⁄m\imkvXaps≠∂v BtLmjn°pIbmbncp∂p Ah¿.AsXmcp ]Xntcm[kwcw`hpambncp∂p. AhcpsS BKlw]t£, ]n∂m°w t]mIembncp∂n√. Ah¿ ]mcºcyhmZnIfpambncp∂n√.

\mSns‚ hnIk\mkqXWØn¬ Cu hnetbdnb ]mT߃H´pw Xs∂ D]tbmKn°s∏´n√. hnIk\Øns‚ Z¿i\wXnI®pw ]m›mXyambncp∂p. ]mcºcyØns‚ i‡nsbGXm≠v apgph\mbpw Xs∂ \n¿hocytam tIhew Hu]NmcnItam B°p∂ a´n¬ \m´dnhpIfpsS D¿hckm∂n[yw Ah

lb¿ sk°‚dn114

KWn°s∏´p. Ah ap∂dnhpItfm ap∂dnbn∏pItfm Bbnhmbn°s∏´n√. kz¥w ⁄m\]mcºcyØnepw kz¥amb]XnIcWamXrIbnepw hnizkn°mØ, Aßs\ NneXvkm[yamWv F∂p Nn¥n°pIt]mepw sNømØ, \m´nsehntZinIfmbnØocp∂ Hcp P\XsbbmWv B[p\nIX D≠m°nbXv. \m´p’hßfpsS Xm¬°menI kµ¿`ßfntemBZnhmknbqcpIfpsS sIm®pXpcpØpIfntem amXamWvKmakmam\yØns‚ ]mcºcyhpw \m´dnhpsams° kPohambn \n¬°p∂Xv. ]pXnb A[n\nthiw \t∂ hym]IhpwA\mbmkhpamIp∂ C¥y≥ ]hniy tIcfamsW¶n¬AXns‚ ]apJamsbmcp ImcWw Cu ]mcºcyt_m[Øns‚\mSp\oßemWv. _wKmfnIfpsSbpw I∂U°mcpsSbpwXangcpsSbpw mjm`nam\w i‡amsW¶n¬, AXn\p ]n∂n¬]mcºcyt_m[Øns‚ ]eabp≠v. AhcpsS mjm`nam\sØ`m¥mbn ImWp∂h¿ ImWmXncn°p∂Xv AXn\p ]n∂nep≈\m´dnhpkwkv-IrXnsbbmWv-; ]Xntcm[aqeysØbmWv. Ah¿°v amXr`mj shdpw D]IcWhpw A√.

Cu NcnXm\p`hØn¬\n∂v F¥mWp ]Tnt°≠Xv?\m´dnhpIƒ thsdØs∂ \n¬t°≠X√ F∂ Xncn®dnhmWvH∂masØ Imcyw. F√m ]T\taJeIfnepw \m´dnhpIƒsN∂ptNtc≠Xp≠v. c≠paq∂p Xeapd apºphsc G‰hpwkao]ÿambncp∂ Adnhns\ \ncp]tbmKam°p∂ kao]\wsX‰mWv. BtKmfh¬°cWØns‚ ]nSnbn¬\n∂v c£s∏Sm\p≈ Hcp hgnIqSnbmWv \m´dnhnep≈ sshImcnIwIqSnbmb ]¶mfnØw.

BtKmfh¬°cWw \mSpIsfsb√mw HtcXcw D¬∏∂ßfpsS (Ahbn¬ kmwkv-ImcntIm¬∏∂ßfpw s]Spw)hn¬∏\imeIfm°n am‰n. Htct]msebm°m≥ XnSp°s∏Sptºmƒ Hmtcm sNdnb ÿeØns‚bpw hy‡nXzw ]pecp∂\m´dnhpIq´Øn\v sNdpØp\n¬∏ns‚ Bbp[sa∂ ÿm\wt\Sm\mhpw. C∂v hym]Iambn \S°p∂ \m´dnhp ]T\-KthjW߃ khntijamb ]k‡n ssIhcn°p∂Xpw AhC∆n[w hntamN\Øn\mbp≈ kmwkv-ImcnI ]h¿Ø\ambnØocptºmgmWv. hmkvXhØn¬ Ah, hniIe\coXnIsfbpwBJym\X¥ßsfbpw kzbw ]pXp°n XpS¿®bmbn Imcy£aamIp∂XneqsS, _Zemb Hcp hnZym`ymk]h¿Ø\ambnØs∂ amtd≠Xp≠v. \m´dnhv \m´p]gab√mXmhp∂XvCßs\bmWv.

kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS D≈d-Iƒ tXSn 115

]m´pw Ifnbpw

N-hn- pIfn-∏m´v

Xm\n¥m\n¥mt\ Xm\n¥mt\ (hmbvØmcn)`qan°mtc, qansS tZi°mtc`qaos\m∂pW¿ØnØcn≥ tZi°mtc`qansS tZi°mtc

Rm\pw s‚ Ifna°fpw aºdw t]mbnh√yXßfv Xºpcms‚ Im°pw Xebv-t°apfb¶mhneΩ∂v sN√mºd™pRm\√ t]mWv-s‚ ]m´mWv t]mtWzbv

hymgmgvNokw Ibn™v sh≈ymgvNymtWbvXncpam‘mw Ip∂vΩv ]md°ShvAhsS°pfn®v sXmgm≥ t]msbs‚ ]mt´

IfnaXo∂pw IfnaXo∂pw BZnaqew sNm√nk¶Sw ]d™p a°fv Imev°epw hotWzmbvDØc∏m´ns‚ tamlw Xocen√mXmbv

Xn¥mXm\n∂m Xm\mXm\m Xm\n∂mt\m. (hmbvØmcn)AΩ s]‰s∏m Rms\mcp ss]XepIp´ym Rm\vBdpamkw sIm≠v \o¥n°fn XpSßnF´pamkw sIm≠v ap´pØn°fn XpSßnA∂pw IfnbmsW\nbv°v C∂pw IfnbmsW\nbv°v

]mSn°fnbv°m\mbns´s∂ sIm≠p t]mIm≥]te \m´zmscms° Fs‚ s]cbv°ev h∂pA∏w ]d™p Rm\v Cbv°v \S°m≥ høCbv°v \S°m≥ hø ]m´p t]m∂m¬ t]mtc?AXp tI´∏sf IqsS t]mbt√m ]m vFX \mSpw hoSpw sX≠n°fn®Xm ]m´vFX kΩm\mSm sIm≠p t]m∂Xp ]m´v

lb¿ sk°‚dn116

]m´psIms≠mcp Iam\w hf®p≠m°ntNmSpsIms≠mcp ]¥en´v Rßfpw t]m∂pC\n sIm´ps°ms≠mccßpXq°ymImWmw RΩt°bv

FgpXn∏Tn®X√ tI´p]Tn®X√I√nSpºev sh≈w t]mses]m¥Wv ]m vFs‚ s\™n∂IØv∂vs]m¥Wv ]m vF´pw \mepw hchc®v ]¥≠v-ev InÆw h®vcmPm°∑mtcmSv sXm∏nbn v Ifn®√msX ss]Xw t]mhn√`qan RßsS AΩ√ s]ßf√ qan Nhp´n°fnbv°WtSmChs‚mcp ]m´ns\ Rm≥k©oev s]mXn™psI´nsXm°v-ev sh®pw t]mbn]mXnhgoΩv-s®∂vhoinsbdnbpw ]m v

IºvfmsØmcp ]qacØn¬]mt´zmfv≠v sI´nsh®v vAXpsN∂gn®n v sIm≠v-tciºfw Xc≠v \n\°v

I∏qc[nImcosS \mep \Spap‰Øvsh≈n∏Ww sh®v v ]mSn FSptØmcmtWbv

]m´p]Tn®mt∏mc sNdp∏Øv-ev ]Tnbv°WwsNdp∏Ønev ]Tn®mt∏mc Ipcpt‚∂v ]Tn°WwIpcpt‚∂v ]Tn®mt∏mc IpcpØw thWw

kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS D≈d-Iƒ tXSn 117

am¿Kw-I-fn-∏m´v

(A©mw ]mZw)

acsamSp I√pIƒ I\Iw sh≈na\anbepw ]Sn sNºpancpºpwa‰pw ]ehI th≠pw ]WnIƒalnasbmScnaIsf√mw sNøpwa\phnhs\Xncns√mcph≥ X®≥adnhnt√Xpw ]WnIƒ°gIm¬CØcapØcambp≈ hN\wC—hcpw ]Sn IcpXnbpd®vChtcmSnXambcpƒ sNøptºmƒCºtamScq]nIƒ Xncpa\mseCb¬hgnsbØnbW™p dqlbn¬CWXm\mtbms\sbSpØmImtiZqXscmsSmcpan®∆gn IqSnhn[samcp X®\p kmZriyambnhncshmsS Ac\mgnI apsºhnizanS¶ønembhs\mcph≥hn[nbpsS AcN≥ XncpapºmsIhn[nt]mse h∂p \n∂nXp tXmΩm.

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ae-bm-fn-bpsS cmXn-IƒsI. kn. \mcm-b-W≥

inYnecq]nbmb Hcp IebmsW¶nepw IYIfnbpsS GtXmHcp `wKn \sΩ ho≠pw ho≠pw AXp ImWm≥ £Wn°p∂p≠v. Hcp]t£, AXnse NnXin¬∏Øns‚ NmcpXbmbncn°mw, As√¶n¬ AXnse \rXyIebpsS NSpeXbmbncn°mw Cu £WØn\p ]n∂n¬ ]h¿Øn°p∂Xv. IYIfn]e \nebv°pw ImWmhp∂ Hcp IebmWv. AXnsem∂vAXns\ Hcp NnXtam in¬∏tam Bbn ImWemWv. a\pjy\mWv ChnsS Npacpw I√pw. henb IncoSw, Np´n, DSpØpsI v,]pX∏pIp∏mbw F∂nhbn¬ a\pjyicocsØ s]cp∏n®ps]cp∏n®v Hcp henb aq¿Ønbm°n am‰nbncn°p∂p Cu Ie.IncoSw hrØØn¬, AXn\p Xmsg Np´nIpØnb apJw hrØØn¬, Dcpw ssIIfpw tN¿∂v A¿[hrØØn¬, XmsgDSpØpsI´nt‚Xmb thsdmcp A¿[hrØhpw. - t\¿hcIƒGXpan√mØ Hcp "hrØin¬∏'amWv Hmtcm IYIfnthjhpw.Cu in¬∏hnKlØnt∑emWv Nmbhpw Nabhpw D]tbmKn®p≈ NnXIe. apJtØ∏ns‚ ]®, IÆns‚bpw Ip∏mbØns‚bpw Nph∏v, B`cWßfpsSbpw ISItImSocßfpsSbpwkuh¿Ww, IncoSaqeØn¬ \n∂p¤hn®v ]pdhSnhp apgph≥aqSn cmXnbpsS Idp∏n¬ ebn°p∂ hm¿apSnbpsS Ccp´v ˛ -Chsb√mw \nehnf°ns‚ CfIp∂ shfn®Øn¬ De™p≠mhp∂ kz]v\k∂n`XzamWv IYIfnbnse NnXIe. NnXambpw ]Xnabmbpw amdnamdn ImWmhp∂ Cu thj߃Nnet∏mƒ hnKlambn CfImsX \n¬°pIbpw a‰pNnet∏mƒa\pjy\mbn CfInbmSpIbpw sNøp∂p. BSp∂ thjßsf]XnaIfm°n Dd∏n°pIbpw Dd®pt]mb ]XnaIsf B´hpwNe\hpambn tamNn∏n°pIbpw sNøemWv IYIfnbnse\rXyIe F∂pw ]dbmhp∂XmWv.

kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS D≈d-Iƒ tXSn 119

\izcXbpsS HcwiwIqSnbp≠v IYIfnbn¬. I√n¬ ]WnXhnKlßfpw Npacn¬ hc®n´ NnXßfpw Imeßtfmfw ambmsXbpw adbmsXbpw \n¬°p∂p. F∂m¬ a\pjyicocØn¬hm¿Ø Cu taml\h¿W in¬∏߃ B cmXn s]menbptºmtg°v Agn™n√mXmhp∂p. \izcXbpsS in¬∏hpw NnXhpamWv AXv. Ccp´pw shfn®hpw tN¿∂ ambnIamb cwK]›mØeamIs´, Cu \izcXbv°v am‰pIq´pIbpw sNøp∂p.h¿W߃ ]eXps≠¶nepw IYIfnbnse G‰hpw ][m\s∏´h¿Ww Idp∏mWv, cmXnbmWv F∂p ]dbmw. Ccp´ns‚ kmµamb ]›mØeØn¬ amXw sXfn™phcp∂XmWv AXns‚NnXinev]w. ]Iens‚bpw bmYm¿YyØns‚bpw ]Imiwhogptºmƒ AXv hnfdnshfpØv \ndwsI´pt]mhp∂p. Np‰pw]c∂pInS°p∂ Ccp´ns‚ ISente°v GXp \nanjhpwAenbm\pgdn \n¬°p∂ Hcp shfn®ØpcpØn¬, ]mXnab°whoW ]mXncm°ÆpIƒ°p ap≥]n¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ IYIfnZriyØn\v Hcp kz]v\Øns‚ F√m £WnIamkvackuµcyhpw D≠v; cmXnbpsS GtXm AWnbdbn¬ \n∂p cq]w [cn®v,£WnIamb HckvXnXzw \ΩpsS ap≥]n¬ ]q¿Ønbm°nho≠pw AtX AWnbdbnte°pXs∂ Xncn®p t]mIp∂kz]v\Øns‚ Hcp \mSIw. aq¿Øamb Hcp In\mhv \ΩpsSap≥]n¬ BSnØocpIbmWv. Hcp]t£, AXpsIm≠mbncn°mwkz]v\m\p`qXnIfpsS \n¿hmW\niIfneqsS Ae™p \S∂Ip™ncma≥\mb¿ Cu In\mhns‚ ap≥]n¬ Gsdt\cw\n∂pt]mbXv. ]n. Ip™ncma≥\mbcpsS IhnXIfn¬ IYIfnHcp henb A\p`hamWv. tXtPmabamb Hcp temIØns‚apZIfmbn IYIfntbmSp _‘s∏´ I¬∏\Iƒ "Ifnb—'s\gpXnb At±lØns‚ IrXnIfn¬ NnXdn°nS°p∂p. ]m´pIgn™ KmbI≥ h® tNßne t]mep≈ hn≠ehpw lcnXIm\\߃ ]®IpØnb h≥thjßfpw Np´n°p InS°p∂hSaebpw thjagn®ph® alm\S\pw DWcptºmtg°pw \„s∏Sp∂ D’h°fnbpw Nne DZmlcW߃ amXw. apgph≥]nSnIn´mØ clkyambn, ]mXn tamln∏n°pIbpw ]mXnt_m[n∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂ Cu au\eoe, ]n. ho≠pw ho≠pwho≠pw ImWp∂p. Hcp]t£, h≈tØmƒ amXambncn°pwCu Iebpambn \nc¥cw _‘s∏´n´pw AXns‚ Hscm‰I¬∏\t]mepw kz¥w IhnXbn¬ D]tbmKn°mØ Hcp Ihn.h≈tØmfns‚ IhnXIƒ amXw hmbn®m¬, Cu Ihn°vIYIfnbpw Hcp A\p`hambncp∂p F∂p sXfnbn°p∂ Hscm‰hcnbpw I≠pIn´pIbn√. Ifn ImWm≥ Pohn® h≈tØmfpw

lb¿ sk°‚dn120

IhnXsbgpXm≥ Pohn® h≈tØmfpw Ccp´pw ]Iepwt]mseth¿Xncn™p \n¬°p∂p. F¥psIm≠mWv Cßs\kw`hn®Xv? PohnXw apgph≥ AcßØncp∂n´pwh≈tØmfns‚ IhnXbnte°v Hcp ]oen°ncoSw IS∂phcmØXv F¥psIm≠mWv? kz]v\Zr°pIƒ amXta PohnXØns‚ Cu \nimkuµcyw ImWpIbp≈q F∂mtWm? kmlnXyhna¿i\Ønse IuXpIw Ie¿∂ tNmZyßfmbncn°pw Ah.

in¬∏hpw NnXhpw hn´v \ap°v IYIfnbnse IYm]mXßfnte°p hcpI. Aßs\ hcptºmƒ, s]s´∂p \ΩpsSi≤]nSn®p ]‰p∂ Hcp Zriyap≠v. ]Xn\mbIcmb IØnthj߃ AcßØphcp∂ Xnct\m´amWv AXv. Db¿Øn∏nSn®taem∏n\pXmsg, sh≈n\Jan´ hncepIfm¬ XmgvØs∏Sp∂Xnc»oebv°p ]n∂n¬, iwJ\mZØns‚bpw L\tadnbhmZytafØns‚bpw AIºSntbmsS, Beh´w hnS¿Øn DZn®pb¿∂p\n¬°p∂ Cu IØnthjØns‚ Xnct\m´ZriywcmPkamb Hcp \ndhp≈XmWv. IYIfnbnse ]uVntbdnbat\mlckµ¿`ßfnsem∂pw AXmWv. F∂m¬ awKfkqNIamb taem∏pw iwJ\mZhpw Beh´hpwt]mep≈ Nn”߃\nd™ Xnct\m´®Sßv, awKfmflm°fmb thj߃°√\o°nh®n´p≈Xv. ]Icw, XnI™ hn√∑mcmb IYm]mX߃°mWv. cma\pw IrjvW\pw [¿Ω]pX\pw A¿Pp\\pw oa\pwshdpsX AcßtØ°p IS∂phcptºmƒ, cmhW\pwZptcym[\\pw IoNI\pw \cImkpc\pw GXm≠p Im¬aWn°q¿ \o≠p\n¬°p∂ ]uVamb Xnct\m´Øn\ptijwamXw ]thin°p∂p. [¿ΩnjvTcmb hnin„\mbI∑m¿ i≤n°s∏SmXncn°pIbpw hn√∑mcmb ]Xn\mbI∑m¿ Akm[mcWambn am\n°s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂ hnNnXamb Hcp \nebmWvIYIfnbn¬ D≈Xv. IYIfnsb kw_‘n®v kmam\yambn\ne\n∂phcp∂ Ht´sd [mcWIƒ°v ISIhncp≤amWv CXv.`‡n]ÿm\Øns‚ `mKhpw _m“Wta[mhnXzØns‚ktµiw Ie¿∂Xpw F∂p IcpXs∏Sp∂ Hcp tZhIYm\rXyIebn¬, Fßs\ Bkpc]IrXnIƒ°v Cu a´n¬ Hcp ]m[m\yw e`n®p? Cu tNmZyØns‚ DØcw tXSptºmƒ, sXfn™Hcp kXyw \sΩ t\cnSp∂p: IYIfn Hcp ‡n]ÿm\IetbA√. ‡nbpsS ckw AXnen√. tZh∑m¿ amXa√, qtZh∑mcmb _m“Wcpw AXnse XmcXtay\ \nmccmb thjßfmWv. adn®v, tZh∑msc sh√phnfn°pIbpw _m“Wsc ]oUn∏n°pIbpw bmKw apS°pIbpw kz¿Kw Pbn°pIbpw sNøp∂

kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS D≈d-Iƒ tXSn 121

D≤Xcmb ]Xn\mbI∑mcmWv IYIfnbnse BZyhkm\thj߃ GdnbIqdpw. Cu ]Xn\mbI∑msc h[n°p∂ ssZhamIs´, ]et∏mgpw ]mhsb°mƒ kz¬∏w amXw t`Zs∏´\nebnep≈ Hc][m\ thjhpamWv. "\cImkpch['Øn¬\cImkpcs\ h[n°p∂ hnjvWp Hcp Ip´nØcw thjhpw\cImkpc≥ Iemafiew cma≥-Ip´n\mbsct∏mep≈ ]Kev`¿°p amXw BSmhp∂ Zpjv -Icthjhpw BWv."_menhnPb'Øn¬ hnPbn°p∂Xv _menbmsW¶nepwtXm¬°p∂ cmhW\mWv apJyIYm]mXw. IYIfnbnseh≥thjßfn¬ ]eXpw cmhW∑mcmWv. Im¿Øhocym¿Pp\-hnPbw, _menhnPbw, cmhWhnPbw F∂nßs\ ][m\s∏´cmhWmb\ßfnse√mw hnin„\mb \mbIs\ FXn¿ØpsIm≠v Cu ]Xm]nbmb ]Xn\mbI IYm]mXw \ΩpsSap≥]n¬ Db¿∂phcp∂p. G‰hpw \√ Hcp IYIfncwKsa∂p]dbmhp∂ "cmhtWm¤h'Øn¬ Cu cmhW≥ kz¥w incvHmtcm∂mbn AdpsØSpØv tlman®psIm≠v _“mhn¬\n∂phc߃ t\Snb BflIY ]dbpIbmWv. cmhWs‚BflIYIqSnbp≠v, cma\m´Øn¬! shfn®Øns‚bpwZnhyXbpsSbpw IYm]mXßfXbpw ]n∂m°w hen™vX¬ÿm\Øv ]IbpsSbpw ]Xn ImcØns‚bpw Xmakaq¿ØnIƒ apt∂m´phcp∂XmWv IYIfnbn¬ ImWp∂Xv.bp≤hpw sImebpw \nWhpw t]mse Ccp´pw cmXnbpambn_‘s∏´XXbpw \mSyimkvXw hne°nbn´pw cwKØvAhXcn∏n°p∂ IYIfnbn¬ G‰hpw ][m\s∏´ IYm]mXßfpw cmXn©c∑m¿ Xs∂bmbn-Øocp∂p.

\mbIs‚ ÿm\Øv ]Xn\mbIs\ ]XnjvTn°p∂ CucoXn IuXpIIcamWv. F∂m¬ IYIfnbpsSamXw ]tXyIXb√ AXv. Nnet∏msg¶nepw \mSIØnepw AXp ImWp∂p≠v.cmas‚ IYbn¬ XpSßn HSp°w AXp cmhWs‚ IYbmbnamdp∂ KXnam‰w, cma\m´Ønse∂t]mse, cmambWsØBkv]Zam°n \mSIsagpXptºmgpw kw`hn°p∂p. cmambWsØ Bkv]Zam°n aq∂p \mSIsagpXnb kn. F≥. ioIWvT≥\mb¿ Xs∂bmWv Cu KXnam‰Øns‚ a[pcamb Hcp amXrI.cmas‚ ZpxJhpw ]X\hpw NnXoIcn°p∂ "Im©\koX'bpambn´mWv kn. F≥. Xs‚ \mSIXbw Bcw`n®Xv. cmhWs‚ZpxJhpw ]X\hpw NnXoIcn°p∂ "e¶me£van'sbgpXnAt±lw B \mSIXbw Ahkm\n∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp."e¶me£van' kn. F∂ns‚ Ahkm\sØ \mSIw amXa√,G‰hpw apXn¿∂ \mSIw IqSnbmWv. "e¶me£van'bnse

lb¿ sk°‚dn122

cmhW\pw tXm¬°p∂ IYm]mXamsW¶nepw Pbn°p∂ h≥-thjamWv. ]nXm°fpw ]pX∑mcpw Hs∂m∂mbnhoWpt]mbn´pw ]XdmsXbpw ]n≥-hmßmsXbpw Xs‚kp\n›nXamb arXyphnte°v Abmƒ kwlmctZh\mbnIpXn®pt]mhp∂p. "e¶me£van'bnse cmhW≥ tLmjm£c߃ sIm≠pamXw hnhcn°mhp∂ Hcp IYm]mXamWv."ImhycN\bpsS ]mcmhmc߃ IS∂p hf¿∂p \n¬°p∂h's\∂v kn. F≥. hntijn∏n® Cu cmhW≥ At±lØn\pkr„n°m≥ Ign™ G‰hpw henb IYm]mXamWv.

IYIfnbpsSbpw AXns‚ XpS¿®Xs∂bmb kn.hnbpsSbpwkn.F∂ns‚ Ir-Xn-I-fneqsSbpw \ΩpsS ap≥]n¬ hnS¿∂phcp∂Xv Akm[mcWamb Hcp IYm]mXZ¿i\amWv. hep∏wF∂Xv \mbI\v C√mØXpw ]Xn\mbI\pamXw D≈XpwBb KpWamWv F∂XmWv B Z¿i\Øns‚ Hcp hiw.\in®mepw \in°mØa´nep≈ Hc\izcX [¿Ωaq¿ØnIƒ°p]Icw AkpcNIh¿ØnIƒ°p ssIhcp∂XmWv AXns‚as‰mcp hiw. hep∏w, alØzw, A\izcX F∂nhsb BkpcKpW ßfmbn k¶¬-∏n°p∂ Hcp hn]coXZ¿i\amWv CXv.tIcfob amb Hcp ]mXZ¿i\w F∂nXns\ hnfn°mw.Hcp]t£ tIcf kwkvImcØns‚ D≈n¬, AXns‚ ]mXmfßfn¬ A\izc\pw Bkpc]IrXnbpamb Hcp ]Xn\mbI≥IpSn]m¿°p∂p≠v F∂pw ht∂°mw. tIcfobs‚ tZiobantØmfPnbmb HmW Øns‚ IY Aßs\sbmcp ]Xn\mbIs‚ ]mXmfhmksØ ∏‰n ]dbp∂p≠t√m. as‰ßpw ImWmØa n¬ tIcfobs‚ anØv, tXm¬∏n°s∏´hs‚ tZiob anØmWv.Hcp ImeØv Hckpc NIh¿Øn ChnSw hmWncp∂p. ""]≠vNcnXapZn°pw ap≥]v, aX߃ Ic™p ]nd°pw ap≥s]mcp,a∂h¿a∂≥ hmWnXp, X≥ IpShm\n\p IognsemXpßohnizw'' (sshtem∏n≈n). ]Xm]ßfpsSbpw A\pKlßfpsSbpw NIh¿Øn \mSphmWt∏mƒ F√mhcpw Hcpt]msebmbncp∂p. NXntbm Ifthm Afthm D≠mbncp∂n√. F∂m¬B kph¿WImeØnte°v Cuizcs‚ cq]Øn¬ NXnAhXcn®p; Ifhv AhXcn®p; Afhv AhXcn®p. ]qWqen´Hcp Ip´nthjw Cu alm]pcpj\n¬\n∂v qan apgph≥ Af∂phmßn, NIh¿Ønsb ]mXmfØnte°p Nhn´nØmgvØn.-- ]≠vCtX hnjvWp cm£khwisØ ]mXmfØnte°p XmgvØnbt]mse. A∂p apX¬ tIcfobs‚ kz¿Kw ]mXmfØnembn;a‰p≈hcpsS ]Xn\mbI≥ \ΩpsS \mbI\pambn. F∂m¬

kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS D≈d-Iƒ tXSn 123

GXp ]mXmfØn¬ Aa¿∂mepw B kz¿Khpw AXns‚ ]Xn]pcpj\pw \in°p∂n√. "Bcp Nhn´nØmgvØnepancpfn¬]mXmfØnsemfn°nepw' AXp kvacWbmbpw kz]v\ambpw\nXyPoh≥ t\Sp∂p. h¿jØnsemcn°¬ ]m´pw ]qhnfnbpambn \mw At±lsØ qanbpsS apIfnte°v Db¿Øns°m≠phcp∂p. Hc¿YØn¬ _m“Wta[mhnXzØns‚bpw qtZhXzØns‚bpw t\¿°p≈ ]Xntcm[w Xs∂bmbnØocp∂p,Hm¿ΩbpsS Cu D’hw. `qan apgph≥ ssIbS°nbhtcmSv]mXmfØns‚ ]Xntcm[w; NXn°p∂ tZhs\Xnsc Akpcs‚]Xntcm[w. tXm¬°p∂ ]Xn\mbI\mWv hmkvXhØn¬Pbn°p∂ \mbI≥ F∂p hnfn®p]dbemWv \ΩpsS HmWw.Aßs\ hnfn®p]d™psIm≠v hma\amb h¿Øam\Øns‚Ccpfnte°v `qXIme ]mXmfßfn¬\n∂v shfn®Øns‚bpw[¿ΩØns‚bpw Hcp kz]v\sØ \mw kr„n°p∂p. HmtcmHmWhpw aebmfnbpsS kwkvImcØns‚ Hmtcm In\mhmWv.HmW∏q°fßfn¬ sshtem∏n≈nbpsS ap‰tØ°v AXv qK¿`Øn¬\n∂v Infn¿Øphcp∂p.

\in°mØ In\mhpIqSnbmWv AXv. aebmfnbpsS k¿hIYIfnepw AXns‚ am[pcyw ]Xn™pInS∏p≠v. Ahs‚IYIfnbn¬, IhnXbn¬, \mSIØn¬, IY\ssh`hßfn¬F√mw Nnet∏msg¶nepw Cu ]mXmfkvacWIƒ apf\o´p∂p.\nemhpZn°mØ cmXnIfn¬ _m“W\p Ip´nthjhpwAkpc\p h≥-thjhpw \¬Ip∂ IYIfnbn¬ taem∏pwiwJ\mZhpambn Cu alm_en Xnct\m°p \SØp∂p. HmtcmIYIfnbpw Hmtcm HmWamWv; Ip™ncma≥\mb¿ I≠Xpwh≈tØmƒ ImWmØXpamb kz]v\Øns‚ D’hw. kn.F∂ns‚ cmhW\mbn, kn.hnbpsS ]Xn\mbIcmbn CtXXnct\m´ßƒ cq]w amdn \ΩpsS ap∂nseØp∂p. \ΩpsScmXnIfn¬\n∂v, AWnbdIfn¬\n∂v, antØmfPnbn¬\n∂v,kwkvImcØns‚ ]mXmfßfn¬\n∂v, kvacWIƒ, kz]v\`wKnIƒ, [¿ΩZo]vXnIƒ, kaXz°n\mhpIƒ, kn.F∂n s‚Zimkythj߃, kn.hnbpsS DKcq]nIƒ "hm°pIfpsSalm_en' F∂v as‰mcp Ihn hntijn∏n® Ip™ncma≥\mb¿.... Ahsc√mw h∂psImt≠bncn°p∂p. CXmhmwHcp]t£ aebmfnbpsS D’hw; Ahs‚ Kw`ocambHm¿Ωs∏cp∂mƒ.

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tIcfa\ns‚ kµnKv[XIƒ°p ImcWambn teJI≥Nq≠n°mWn°p∂ BibßtfmSv \n߃ tbmPn°p-∂pt≠m? N¿®sNøpI.

""kz¥w \m´n¬ hntZinIfmbnØo¿∂hcmWv aebmfnIƒ''-˛ £Ww, hkvXw, IeIƒ XpSßnbhsb ASnÿm\am°nCu \nco£WØns‚ km[pX ]cntim[n°pI.

""A[zm\n°p∂ tIcfob¿, AXne[nIhpw Ah¿W¿,PohnXmtbm[\Øns‚ InbIfmbpw `mh\Ifmbpwhf¿Øns°m≠ph∂XmWv \m´dnhpIfn¬ Gsdbpw.ChnSsØ ]IrXntbmSpw A[zm\km[yXItfmSpwP¥pPmetØmSpw a\pjyamXrIItfmSpw ImemhÿtbmSpwkmºØnI_‘ßtfmSpsams° kzm`mhnIambn]XnIcn°p∂Xn¬ \n∂p≠mb \m´pI\nIfmWh'' ˛-teJIs‚ \nco£Ww \n߃°p ]cnNbap≈\m´dnhpIfpambn _‘n∏n®p hniIe\w sNøpI.

-F¥psIm≠mWv \m´dnhp]T\KthjW߃ _Zemb HcphnZym`ymk]h¿Ø\ambn amtd≠Xps≠∂v teJI≥\nco£n°p∂Xv?

Nhn- p-I-fn-∏m´pw am¿Kw-I-fn-∏m´pw GsX√mw hn[-Øn-emWvAXXv P\-X-bpsS hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-ß-fpsS Bhn-jvIm-c-am-Ip-∂-Xv? ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I.

\mS≥]m´pIƒ Fßs\ \ΩpsS PohnXhpambpwkwkvImchpambpw _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p? Nhn´pIfn∏m-´ns\bpw \n߃ tiJcn® a‰p \mS≥]m´pIsfbpwhniIe\w sNbvXv eLq]\ymkw Xbmdm°pI.

IYIfnsb°pdn®p≈ \ΩpsS kmam\yamb [mcW-Iƒ°∏pdw teJI≥ apt∂m´phbv°p∂ ImgvN∏mSpIƒFs¥ms°bmWv?

kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS D≈d-Iƒ tXSn 125

HmWsØbpw IYIfnsbbpw _‘n∏n®p≈ teJIs‚\nco£WßfpsS HuNnXyw ]cntim[n°pI.

tIcfobamb ]mXZ¿i\w F∂p teJI≥ t]cn p hnfn°p∂khntijXIƒ IYIfnbnepw \mSIØnepw amXamtWmIs≠Øm\mhp∂Xv? at‰sX√mw IeIfn¬ Cu kz`mhwZ¿in°mw?

Ifn-b-c-ßns‚ kuµ-cym-\p- -h-sØ°pdn®v sI.kn. -\m-cm-b-Ws‚ \nco-£-W-߃ hmbn-®-t√m. \n߃°p ]cn-N-b-ap≈GsX-¶n-ep-samcp Iem-cq-]w I≠m-kz-Zn-®-Xns\ ap≥\n¿ØnIpdn∏v Xbm-dm-°q.

lb¿ sk°‚dn126

]T\t\´ßƒ

\mS≥-IeIƒ, \mtSmSnkwkvImcw F∂nhsb ]pXnbAht_m[ßfpsS shfn®Øn¬ hnebncpØpIbpwIs≠ØepIƒ AhXcn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

tIcfobkaqlØns‚ ASnsbmgp°mbn h¿Øn°p∂kmwkvImcnI[mcIƒ Xncn®dn™v N¿®m°pdn∏pIƒ,D]\ymk߃ apXembh Xbmdm°p∂p.

t^mIvtem¿ ]T\ßfpsS kaImenI]k‡nXncn®dn™v skan\m¿]_‘߃ Xbmdm°nAhXcn∏n°p-∂p.

Fgp-Øp-Im¿ 127

CSt»cn tKmhnµ≥\mb¿

tIcfobPohnXw BgØn¬ thtcmSn\n¬°p∂

Imhyhy‡nXzw. ]IrXnt_m[hpw am\pjnIaqey

kwc£Whpw [m¿ΩnIXbpw CSt»cn°hnXbpsS

kº∂XbmWv.

1906 Unkw_¿ 23\v s]m∂m\nbn¬ P\n®p. 1974 HtŒm_¿ 16\v

A¥cn®p. AfImhen, ]pØ≥Iehpw Acnhmfpw, ]qX-∏m-´v,

IdpØ sN´n®nIƒ, XØzimkvX߃ Ddßptºmƒ, Hcp ]nSn

s\√n°, Imhnse ]m´v, Ip¶pa]`mXw F∂o

IhnXmkamlcßfpw Iq´pIrjn, FÆn®p´ A∏w, Ifnbpw

Nncnbpw F∂o \mSIßfpw CSt»cnbpsS ]_‘ßfpamWv

][m\ IrXnIƒ.

tIµ˛tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿UpIƒ e`n®n´p≠v.

sI.]n. i¶c≥

kz—kpµcamb KZyssien°pSa, kmlnXyhna¿iI≥.

Xriq¿ Pn√bnse ss]¶pfØv 1939 sabv 15\v P\\w. kao]\w,

EXp]cnh¿Ø\w, \hIw, A\pioe\w, \nco£W߃

\n¿≤mcW߃ F∂nh ][m\ IrXnIƒ.

tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv (A\pioe\w-)e`n®n´p≠v.

kpKXIpamcn

kkyP¥pa\pjy]IrXnIfpsS ]KmVamb

]mckv]cyØneqsS IhnXsb A]q¿h Iem\n¿ΩnXnbm°nb

IhbnXn.

1934 P\phcn 3 \v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv P\n®p.

apØp®n∏n, ]mhw am\hlrZbw, ]mXncm∏q°ƒ,

Ccpƒ®ndIpIƒ, cmXnag, AºeaWn, Ipdn™n∏q°ƒ,

Xpemh¿j∏®, cm[sbhnsS, aWsegpØv F∂nh ][m\

IrXnIƒ.

tIµ˛tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿UpIƒ, HmS°pg¬

Ahm¿Uv, hbem¿ Ahm¿Uv, FgpØ—≥ ]pckvImcw F∂nh

e`n®n´p≠v. C¥ym Kh¨sa‚ns‚ BZysØ hr£anX

Ahm¿Upw e`n®p. 2006¬ cm„w ]flio \¬In BZcn®p.

Fgp-Øp-Im¿

lb¿ sk°‚dn128

k®nZm\µ≥

B[p\nI aebmfIhnXbn¬ A`nImayamb ZnimhyXnbm\w

Ipdn® Ihn. \ncq]I≥, A[ym-]I≥, Nn¥I≥, tI-µ-km-ln-Xy

A-°mZ-an sk-I-´-dn- Xp-S-ßn-b \n-e-I-fn¬ ]-i-kvX≥.

1946 tabv 28\v Xriq¿ Pn√bnse ]p√q‰n¬ P\n®p.

AcWykqcy≥, th\¬ag, Chs\°qSn, hoSpam‰w, aebmfw,

hn°v, km£y߃, ad∂ph® hkvXp°ƒ, _lpcq]n,

XYmKXw F∂nh ][m\ IhnXmkamlmc߃.

IhnX, \mSIw, teJ\w, bmXmhnhcWw F∂o imJIfn¬

tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv, tIµ kmlnXy

A°mZan Ahm¿Uv, hbem¿ Ahm¿Uv, Iaemkpcø

]pckvImcw XpSßn \nch[n AwKoImc߃ t\Snbn´p≠v.

Fkv. tPmk^v

B[p\nIm\¥c aebmfIhnXbn¬ kPohkm∂n[yw. sNdnb

sNdnb ImcyßfpsS Npcps°gpØnemWv Cu IhnbpsS

hep∏w.

1965¬ FdWmIpfØn\SpØv ]´nØm\Øv P\\w.

IdpØ I√v, ao≥Imc≥, sFU‚n‰nIm¿Uv, D∏s‚ Iqh¬

hcbv°p∂p, Nµt\msSm∏w F∂nh IhnXmkamlmc߃.

2012 ¬ tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv e`n®n´p≠v.

Imcq¿ \oeIWvT]n≈

aebmfIYbnse \nXyhnkvabamb FgpØpImc≥.

1898 s^_phcn22 \v G‰pam\qcn¬ P\n®p.

acWw 1975 HtŒm_¿ 2\v. tamXncw, ]qhºgw, DXp∏ms‚

InW¿, NpSesØßv XpSßnb IYIƒ ]ikvXßfmWv.

1968¬ "tamXncw' F∂ IYmkamlmcØn\v tIcf kmlnXy

A°mZan Ahm¿Uv e`n®n´p≠v.

am[hn°p´n

aebmfØns‚ ]nbs∏´ IYmImcnbpw temI]ikvX

IhbnXnbpw. Iaem-Zmkv, I-a-em-k-cp-ø F-∂o t]-cp-I-fn¬

Cw-•o-jn¬ Im-hy-c-N-\Iƒ

1934 am¿®v 31 \v ]me°mSv Pn√bnse ]p∂bq¿°pfØv P\\w.

acWw 2009 sabv 31\v.

]£nbpsS aWw, \cn®odpIƒ ]d°ptºmƒ, Nph∂ ]mhmS,

XWp∏v, tNt°dp∂ ]£nIƒ, \„s∏´ \oemw_cn,

Fgp-Øp-Im¿ 129

am[hn°p´nbpsS IYIƒ, h°oeΩmh≥ F∂o

IYmkamlmcßfpw, at\man, am\kn, h≠n°mfIƒ F∂o

t\mhepIfpw \o¿amXfw ]qØ Imew, _meyImekvacWIƒ,

hnjmZw ]q°p∂ ac߃, Fs‚ IY F∂o BflIY\ßfpw

aebmfØnse ][m\ IrXnIƒ.

Gjy≥ t]mbSn ss]kv, Bim≥ thƒUv ss]kv,

tIµ˛tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿UpIƒ, hbem¿

Ahm¿Uv, FgpØ—≥ ]pckvImcw F∂nh e`n®n´p≠v.

kp`mjv Nµ≥

B[p\nIm\¥c aebmfIYbn¬ ]tabkzoIcWØnse

sshhn[yw sIm≠pw BhnjvIcWØnse \ho\XsIm≠pw

it≤b\mb IYmIrØv.

1972¬ Bep-h-bv°-SpØv ISp-ß-eq-cn¬ P\n®p.

LSnImc߃ \nebv°p∂ kabw, ]dpZokm\„w, X¬∏w,

hnlnXw F∂o IYmkamlmcßfpw a\pjy\v HcmapJw F∂

t\mhepw it≤bw. 2001- --¬ sNdpIYbv°v tIcf kmlnXy

A°mZan Ahm¿Uv e`n®p. hn.]n.inhIpam¿ ]pckvImchpw

e`n®n´p≠v.

sI. ]n. A∏≥

hna¿i\Iesb k¿KmflIkmlnXyambn hnIkn∏n® ]apJ

\ncq]I≥. X\Xmb \ne]mSpIƒ sIm≠v \ho\amb

kmlnXymkzmZ\ioe߃ kr„n®p.

P\\w ˛1936 BKkvXv 25\v Be∏pgbn¬. acWw 2008

Unkw_¿ 15. XnckvImcw, Ielhpw hnizmkhpw,

t£m`n°p∂hcpsS kphntijw, Iem]w hnhmZw

hnebncpج, amdp∂ aebmf t\mh¬, a[pcao PohnXw,

NcnXsØ AKm[am°nb Kpcp F∂nh ][m\ IrXnIƒ.

F. B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

_lp-`m-jm-]-fin-X≥, kmln-Xy-\n-cq-]-I≥, Ihn. ae-bm-f-

Ønse ASn-ÿm-\`mjm-imkvXK-Ÿßƒ cNn-®-Xv Ct±-l-am-

Wv.

"tIc-f-]m-Wn\n' F∂ A]-c-\m-a-Øn¬ Adnb-s∏-Sp-∂p.

1863 s^_p-hcn 20˛\v Nß-\m-t»-cn-bn¬ P\n-®p.

lb¿ sk°‚dn130

1918 Pq¨ 18˛\v \ncym-X-\m-bn.

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-bw, `mjm-`q-j-Ww, hrØ-a-RvP-cn, kmln-Xy-

kmlyw, i_vZ-t_m-[n-\n, ]Y-a-hym-I-c-Ww, a[y-a-hym-I-cWw

(`mjmimkvXw); aWnZo]n-I, ae-b-hn-em-kw, ]km-Z-ame (I-hn-

X-Iƒ); ae-bmfimIp-¥-fw, amf-hn-Im-·n-an-Xw, kz]v\-hm-k-h-Z-

Øw, `mjm-Ip-am-c-kw-`hw (hn-h¿Ø-\w); a¿Ω-]-Im-iw,

Im¥mc-Xm-c-Iw, ]_-‘-kw-Klw (hymJym\-߃) F∂n-h-

bmWv ][m\ IrXn-Iƒ.

XIgn inhi¶c∏n≈

\thm∞m\kmlnXyØn¬ ]pXnb A[ymbw kr„n®

FgpØpImc≥. 1912 G]n¬ 7\v XIgnbn¬ P\n®p.

acWw 1999 G]n¬ 10\v.

tXm-´nbpsS aI≥, c≠nSßgn, sNΩo≥, GWn-∏-Sn-Iƒ,

_eqWpIƒ, Ib¿ XpSßnb t\mhepIfpw

sh≈s∏m°Øn¬, Xlko¬ZmcpsS A—≥, am©ph´n¬,

Irjn°mc≥, ]´mf°mc≥ XpSßnb IYIfpw Hm¿abpsS

Xocßfn¬ F∂ BflIYbpw ][m\ IrXnIƒ.

1984 ¬ ⁄m\]oTw, tIµ˛tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan

Ahm¿UpIƒ, hbem¿ Ahm¿Uv XpSßn \nch[n

]pckvImc߃ e`n®n´p≠v. 1985¬ cm„w ]fl`qj¨ \¬In

BZcn®p.

bp.F. JmZ¿

\m´phg°Øns‚ emfnXyhpw kuµcyhpw sIm≠v IYbnepw

t\mhenepw ]pXnb X´Iw kr„n®p.

P\\w 1935¬ _¿abn¬. Ggmw hbpapX¬ tIcfØn¬

]nXmhns‚ IpSpw_Øn¬ hf¿∂p.

Nße, Jpssdin°q´w, Xrt°m´q¿s∏cpa, amWnIyw hngpßnb

IWmc≥, N¥bn¬ NqSn hn¬°p∂ s]Æp߃, taihnf°v

XpSßnbh ][m\ IrXnIƒ.

tIµ˛tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿UpIƒ e`n®n´p≠v.

tUm. sI. cmPtiJc≥ \mb¿

Fgp-Øp-Im¿ 131

\q‰nb≥]Xntesd imkvX]_‘ßfpsSbpw ]tØmfw

\yqtdmfPn KŸßfpsSbpw cNbnXmhv. 1940 ¬ P\\w.

tImgnt°mSv,- Xncph\¥]pcw saUn°¬ tImtfPpIfnepw

hntZi k¿hIemimeIfnepw A[ym]\w. tIcf

Khs◊‚ns‚ "G‰hpw ]Kev`\mb tUmŒ¿' XpSßn \nch[n

]pckvImc߃ e`n®n´p≠v. "Hcp ]pgbpsS IY' F∂

t\mh¬ cNn®n´p≠v. tcmKßfpw k¿KmflIXbpw, sshZyhpw

kaqlhpw, a\ns‚ _‘ßfpw ssiYneyßfpw, kwkvarXn,

Hm¿°m\p≠v Iptd Hm¿aIƒ XpSßnbh

imkvXkw_‘nbmbn aebmfØn¬ cNn® IrXnIfmWv.

kmhnXn cmPoh≥

\nXyPohnXØns‚ kq£vaamb NnX߃ Bhn-jvI-cn®

IhbnXn. 1956 ¬ P\\w. Ip©p]n≈ kvamcI Ahm¿Uv,

DZb`mcXn ]pckvImcw, Iaemkpcø ]pckvImcw F∂nh

][m\ _lpaXnIƒ. HmIv-kv-^Uv- Bt¥mfPn Hm^v-

tamtU¨ C¥y≥ t]mbSn, Zn s]≥Kzn≥ \yq ssd‰nMv- C≥

C¥y, C≥ sZb¿ Hm¨ thmbv-kv- (s]≥Kzn≥ Bt¥mfPn Hm^v-

I≠w]ddn hna≥ t]mb‰v-kv-) XpSßnb ktΩf\ßfn¬

aebmfsØ ]Xn\n[oIcn®n´p≠v-. "Ncnhv' IhnXmkamlmcw.

tUm.Un. s_©an≥

\ncq]I≥, A[ym]I≥. 1948 ¬ P\\w. tIcf kmlnXy

A°mZan Ahm¿Uv e`n®n´p≠v. IhnXmhnNmcw, PnbpsS

`mhKoX߃ Hcp ]T\w, Imhym\pioe\w, kmlnXy]mT߃,

A°mZanIv hna¿i\hpw a‰pw, hna¿i]_‘߃,

t\mh¬kmlnXy]T\߃-, kzm[o\Xm]T\߃,

Imhy\n¿[mcWw, kmlnXyKthjWØns‚ coXnimkv-Xw

XpSßnbh ]kn≤ IrXnIƒ.

tUm. Sn. _n. thWptKm]me∏Wn°¿

A[ym]I≥, `mjmimkvX⁄≥, sshbmIcW≥ F∂o

\neIfn¬ ]ikvX≥. 1945 ¬ P\\w. tIcf kmlnXy

A°mZanbpsS sF.kn. Nmt°m F≥tUmhvsa‚ v ]pckvImcw,

anI® hnh¿Ø\Øn\p≈ tIµ kmlnXy A°mZan

Ahm¿Uv F∂nh e`n®p. kz\afiew, t\mw tNmwkvIn,

lb¿ sk°‚dn132

`mjm¿Yw, hm°ns‚ hgnIƒ F∂nh ]apJ cN\Iƒ.

eoemXneIw: kmaqlnI`mjmimkvXZr„nbn¬, Iq\≥tXm∏v

F∂o IrXnIƒ hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXn´p≠v.

sI.kn. \mcmbW≥

]X]h¿ØI\pw kmlnXyhna¿iI\pw. 1952 \v ]me°mSv

Pn√bnse ioIrjvW]pcØv P\n®p. 1986-¬ tIma¨sh¬Øv

]kv bqWnbs‚ lmcn _n´vsebv≥ s^t√mjn∏v

e`n°pIbp≠mbn. e≠≥, HmIvkv^Uv k¿hIemimeIfnepw

tdmbnt‰gvkv, _n._n.kn. XpSßnb ÿm]\ßfnepw am[ya

]h¿Ø\]cnNbw t\Sn. "_enb]mens‚ ]mT߃' F∂

IrXn FUn‰v sNbvXp. "aebmfnbpsS cmXnIƒ'°v

hna¿i\KŸØn\p≈ 2003-se tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan

Ahm¿Uv e`n®p. Ct∏mƒ `mjmt]mjnWn amknIbpsS

FUn‰¿ C≥Nm¿Pv.

C.]n. cmPtKm]me≥

1962¬ Imk¿tImSv Pn√bnse Nt¥cbn¬ P\\w.

B[p\ntImØc aebmfkmlnXyhna¿i\Øn¬ it≤b≥.

\nc¥cw, hyXymkw, ]ea, \m´dnhpw hntamN\hpw XpSßn

Ccp]Xne[nIw IrXnIfpsS I¿Ømhv. F≥. iin[c\pambn

tN¿∂v "tIfp' F∂ \mSIhpw cNn®n´p≠v. "IhnXbpsS

Kma߃' F∂ cN\bv°v anI® \ncq]WØn\p≈ tIcf

kmlnXy A°mZan ]pckvImcw e`n®p.