Tesi di Laurea"Percorsi di sviluppo e prospettive sostenibili in montagna: Comelico Superiore tra...

7/22/2019 Tesi di Laurea"Percorsi di sviluppo e prospettive sostenibili in montagna: Comelico Superiore tra marginalit e nuo

1/29

LJ^GPFCF PAR[F

Gàa, prfpfsta a fppfrtuegt irj ojrmgejcgt a svgcuppf; gc ljsf `g Lfoacglf \upargfra

Jejcgsg jobgaetjca; efe ue lfouea Lfouea `g ofetjmej

A rgsjputf lha eac rjllfetjra j` jctrg gc cufmf ge lug sg ejtg a lraslgutg sg jbbgj cj taeàezj j

asjmarjra eac àslrgvara baccazza a pjrtglfcjrgt lha spassf rgpfrtjef jccj oaeta rglfr`g pfsgtgvg a

tjcvfctj efstjcmglg. fe pfssf ijra j oaef, ge !uastf ljsf, `g lfgevfcmara ogj efeej; fttjetjeeg,

uej vgtj `g ùrf cjvfrf a sjlrgiglgf, ùa muarra ofe`gjcg vgssuta succj prfprgj pacca" jbbje`feje`fsg

jg rglfr`g efe ojelj ojg `g rgavfljra lfc sfrrgsf a lfe vgsgbgca mgfgj ca cuemha mgfrejta pjssjta sug

prjtg lfe ca oullha jc pjslfcf, !uacca eag bfslhg j rjllfmcgara iuemhg `j bjrjttjra lfe gc prgof

oarljeta `g lgtt f ca efttg j `frogra eac igaegca `g ijogmcgj. A geeamjbgca, jc `g c àg saetgoaetg a

àcca aofzgfeg lha tjcg goojmgeg rgavfljef, cj rajca baccazzj `g ue tarrgtfrgf lfe uegelfeife`gbgca

igsgfefogj lfstgtugtf `j gooaesg bfslhg `g jbatg, jctarejtg j var`gssgog prjtg pgllhgattjtg !uj a c `g

ljsa a `g igaegcg, ge ue sullaàrsg `g pjasg lfrfejtg `j lgoa lha ifrojef ue pjefrjoj j `gr pflf

summastgvf.

#uemg `j àslrgzgfeg `g pjrta, stjtf prfprgf gc pfatj gtjcgjef $gfsu Ljrùllg ge Lj`fra j

àslrgvara gc tarrgtfrgf lha je`r% j saslrgvara ge !uastf ljpgtfcf;

&'iiarrje c(jrog a j iastj g mgfvjeg tgzgjeaslhg slae`fe ljetje`f Gtjcgj; stjeef ca `feea j( eargvarfeg `g camef igfrgtg `g marjegf a mjrfijeg" )gava lha jccamrj sgaà trj( lfccg jrrgàetg a àc )gjvafà bjssf cf strapgtf, 'urfezf baccj jc pgjef staeàetasg cuemj trj c(jl!ua sfttf cj ifslj '*refcj" a#fraezjmf jprglj trj g ljopg àlcgvg lha `(jctf cj vjcca ge oazzf `fogej, a `g bfrmjta spjrsfejslfsa trj g pgeg a mcg jbatg tuttf gc varà Lfoacglf" a` jctra vgcca a` jctra irj pjslfcg a sacva rgàetgg igmcg a g pj`rg oje`jef; iulgcg gopumeje, cjela brje`gslfef a rfelfca; g lfreg à g pjstfrgrgetrfejef+.


2/29

Gc Lfoacglf, lfe astaesgfea `g - /o!, uejraj ofetufsj àc >aeatf sgtujtj eaccj pjrta pg: j

efr` àccj prfvgelgj `g 2accuef" ge saesf mafmrjiglf jppjrtgaea jccj zfej pg: lfefslgutj àc Lj`fra.

\tfrgljoaeta gc Lfoacglf iala pjrta par salfcg àccj Lfouegt Lj`frgej a ea lfstgtu< uej àcca `galg

laeturga. 0uttfmmg bjcujr`f ofetjef àc >aeatf, lfeigejeta lfe 1rgucg >aeazgj $gucgj, 0raetgef

'ctf 9 '`gma a 'ustrgj" ca lgoa lha gevala rjllhgu`fef cj vjcca àc Lfoacglf sfef ca =fcfogtg,efogejta `jcc8easlf eac 7 )jtrgofegf àcc8ojegt. uastj vjcca lhgusj j efr` `jccjrlf

jppjrtaeaeta jccj ljtaej ljreglj lfe lgoa supargfrg jg . oatrg !ujcg gc )arjcbj 4ofeta lha fspgtj

ca sfrmaetg àc )gjva3, >jccfej a Ljvjccgef" j su`9ast `jc \garj, `jcca 0arza, `jc 0u`jgf, `jc )fparj `g

>jcmrjeà" geigea j su`9fvast `jccj ljtaej àcc'gjrefcj9)fparj.


3/29

41feta;http;??555.vjclfoacglf`fcfogtg.gt3

Gc Lfoacglf sg prasaetj rgllf `g bfslhg `g jbatg a sg `gstgemua par gc vjstf tjppatf `g prjtg `j igaef a

`j pjslfcf" sug pae`gg sfef maearjcoaeta pfsta ca jbgtjzgfeg parojeaetg rguegta ge bfrmjta a vgccjmmg,

`fva jcca jetglha lfstruzgfeg pravjcaetaoaeta `g camef, sg vjeef sfstgtuae`f ljsa `g pg: ralaeta

ijbbrgljzgfea. =jc puetf `g vgstj jobgaetjca jcca jbgtjzgfeg sg jiigjeljef g cjmhg `g frgmgea ejturjca

efelh6 g lfrsg `jl!uj lha slfrrfef varsf c'`rgjtglf. Gc iguoa )j`fcj, rgcavjeta j cgvaccf stfrglf ge

!ujetf tajtrf `g slfetrg a bjttjmcga ùrjeta cj $rjeà $uarrj, icugsla eaccj vjcca àc Lfoacglf par

pfg jiicugra jssgaoa jc tfrraeta =gmfe eac )gjva. ' !uastf prfpfsgtf `g ife`joaetjca gopfrtjezj gc

cgogta jctgoatrglf àcc(jraj parojeaetaoaeta jbgtjtj, lfrrgspfeàeta jccgsfgpsj `g N.J oatrg a`

rjmmguetf `jcca ljsa pg: acavjta `g =jetj. \a sg `fvassa jctras< praeàra ge lfesgàrjzgfea cj !uftj

pg: jctj àcca ljsa `g lgjsluef àg pjasg pg: acavjtg, sg pftrabba rgljvjra par ca jbgtjzgfeg parojeaetg

uej oa`gj jctgtu`gea `g N.BN7 oatrg, !uftj lha par ca 'cpg >aeata rgsuctj assara pguttfstf acavjtj.

Lfesamuaezj `grattj `g tjca jctgoatrgj a pg: ge maearjca àccj pfsgzgfea mafmrjiglj àccj zfej, gc

lcgoj. =g pjrg pjssf lfe ca ljrjttargstglha lcgojtglha àcca ramgfeg jcpgea lg trfvgjof ge prasaezj `g

jutueeg a gevareg rgmg`g a `g prgojvara a` astjtg ogtg. #j taoparjturj oa`gj jeeuj fslgccj trj g . @L

ramgstrjtg eaccj stjzgfea `g \.\taijef a g J,- @L rgcavjtg ge lfrrgspfeàezj àc pjssf feta Lrfla9

Lfoacglf. =urjeta g oasg pg: ira``g fssgj !uaccg lfoprasg irj `glaobra a iabbrjgf, ca taoparjtura

rjmmguemfef jelha pgllhg `g 9 @L sappur ca oa`ga `g stjmgfea sg jmmgrgef jttfref jg 9B @L. 0jcg

lfe`gzgfeg ijvfrgslfef ca jbbfe`jetg pralgpgtjzgfeg eavfsa, ca !ujcg sa `j ue cjtf lrajef euoarfsg

`gsjmg camjtg sfprjttuttf jccj vgjbgcgt a jccj ofbgcgt, `jccjctrf lrajef gc prasuppfstf par gc bufe

je`joaetf àccalfefogj camjtj jc sattfra turgstglf, efe oaef rgcavjeta eaccj stjmgfea astgvj.

A ùe!ua eac lfetastf sfprj àslrgttf lha sg pfea gc Lfouea `g Lfoacglf \upargfra, `gvgsf eacca

!ujttrf irjzgfeg `g Lje`gà 4saà oueglgpjca3, Ljsjojzzjmef, =fsfca`f a )j`fcj. Lfe g sufg .BJB

jbgtjetg, gesa`gjtg j uejctgtu`gea oa`gj `g NN oatrg suc cgvaccf àc ojra, gc Lfouea pg:sattaetrgfejca àccj ramgfea >aeatf, uej varj a prfprgj luccj jobgaetjca a lucturjca eac lufra àcca
http://www.valcomelicodolomiti.it/http://www.valcomelicodolomiti.it/http://www.valcomelicodolomiti.it/


4/29

'cpg Irgaetjcg.

#amjtg stfrgljoaeta j` uej ifrta trj`gzgfea a j` uegàetgt lucturjca tgpglha àg vgccjmmg jcpgeg, lha

sg rgspallhgj jelfrj ge ofctg jobgtg àccj !uftg`gjegt, mcg jbgtjetg sfef tastgofeg jttgvg `g !uaccj lha

eag ljpgtfcg pralaàetg jbbgjof lhgjojtf cj sig`jàc vgvara ge ofetjmej. Gc Lfoacglf \upargfra

efe geijttg lfesgàrjbgca lfoa uej saopcgla gsfcj iacgla ge oazzf jc varà oj vj gesargtf ge !uaclfetastf lha vaà ca zfea `g ofetjmej lfoa zfea svjetjmmgjta, irjmgcg a ojrmgejcg rgspattf jg pfcg `g

svgcuppf ojmmgfrg, sgtujtg ge zfea `g pgjeurj. '` jmmguemarsg jg mg lgtjtg oftgvg `g !uastj

ojrmgejcgt vg cj stfrglj lhgusurj, `g !uastj zfej rgspattf j !uacca lfeigejetg, `fvutj jccj mg

àslrgttj lfeifrojzgfea ejturjca ofetufsj lha cj ljrjttargzzj. \fcf eamcg jeeg - iu lfstrugtj a

jpartj jc trjiiglf cj Mjccargj Lfoacglf, prfvvgàezgjca par cj sfstgtuzgfea eaccutgcgzzf àccueglj

strj`j par gc lfccamjoaetf lfe gc Lj`fra prasaeta ge pralaàezj, jc!ujetf tfrtufsj a `g `giiglgca

parlfrrgbgcgt. Lhgusurj parjctrf rjiifrzjtj `jc lfeigea lfe gc 0raetgef 'ctf '`gma, lha eaccjijttgspalga sg lfelratgzzj eag tarrgtfrg `g ojtrgla taàslj àc \u`90grMc 4ojtrgla rgslfetrjbgca jelha

eaccj lucturj pfpfcjra àc vglgef pjasa `g \jppj`j3 a eaccj lfesamuaeta `giiglfct `g lfouegljzgfea

a lfccjbfrjzgfea, gelraoaetjta gefctra `jccf stfrglf jstgf `fvutf jmcg jvvaegoaetg racjtgvg jcca muarra

àc H7 lha, ge pjrta, sg lfobjttarfef prfprgf ge !uasta zfea.

1frsa, vfcae`f `jra uej `gvarsj lfeeftjzgfea j !uastj ifroj `g gsfcjoaetf, sg pfssfef eftjra

jclueg ijttfrg pfsgtgvg j `gofstrjzgfea àccj ifrta ljpjlgt `g j`jttjoaetf àccj pfpfcjzgfea

lfoacglaesa. \aobrj geijttg gelfeiutjbgca gc ojetaegoaetf `g uej ifrta ojtrgla lucturjca camjtj jg

vjcfrg trj`gzgfejcg, trjoje`jtg ge pjssjtf par vgj frjca a mguetg !ujsg gooutjtg igef jg mgfreg efstrg.

0jcg vjcfrg sg rgicattfef assaezgjcoaeta ge jclueg jobgtg cjvfrjtgvg camjtg jg sattfrg sgcvf9pjstfrjcg f

jrtgmgjejcg a pg: ge maearjca eaccjttjlljoaetf jcca trj`gzgfeg ifclcfrgstglha a pfpfcjrg, rgslfetrjbgcg

par asaopgf eac ljrjttargstglf ljreavjca. Asprassgfea ojssgoj `g !uastj ojtrgla lucturjca gc tgpglf

`gjcattf pjrcjtf ge Lfoacglf `g ojtrgla cj`gej a ueglf eac suf maeara.

' sfttfcgeajra uctargfroaeta gc ifrta lfeeubgf trj cj pfpfcjzgfea cfljca a gc tarrgtfrgf vg cj

pjrtglfcjra ifroj `g frmjegzzjzgfea sflgjca lha ife`j ca sua rj`glg eaccj stfrgj a lha sg lfelratgzzj

eac rufcf mastgfejca àccaRamfca `g Lfouegfea Ijogcgjra lha varrjeef ge samugtf spalgigljta, lha

`j salfcg fparjef jccf slfpf `g gelraoaetjra gc baeassara eaccjraj ge of`f sfstaegbgca ge

lfccjbfrjzgfea lfe cj Lfouegt Ofetjej, `g pg: ralaeta gstgtuzgfea.

@gejoglha aofmrjiglha a` alfefoglha

#avfcuzgfea stfrglj àc Lfoacglf prasaetj ofctg ljrjttarg lfoueg j !uaccj àc rastf àccj ofetjmej

baccueasa, ljrjttargzzjtj `j uej cuemj ijsa `g alfefogj jmrglfcj a pjstfrjca lha, j pjrtgra `jccj


5/29

salfe`j oat àc H7, stjtj jiigjeljtj a ge samugtf !ujsg àc tuttf sfstgtugtj, `jccalfefogj

geùstrgjca svgcuppjtjsg ge Lj`fra a pg: ge maearjca eacca zfea prajcpgea. uje`f, eac N-7, j

Lfoacglf \upargfra sg lfetjvj uej pfpfcjzgfea tftjca `g B jbgtjetg, gc `jtf pjrjccacf racjtgvf jc

euoarf `g ljpg `g bastgjoa ramgstrj BK uegt. A ùe!ua `g astraoj ijlgcgt lfestjtjra lfoa

cjccavjoaetf sgj stjtf gegzgjcoaeta cj prgelgpjca ifeta `g sfstaetjoaetf, mrjzga jccj lfesamuaetaprfùzgfea `g maearg jcgoaetjrg `g prgojrgj gopfrtjezj a jccj pg: jopgj mjooj `g cjvfrg camjtg j

tjca prjtglj. ujsg tuttf, `fvavj assara prf`fttf ge vjcca a cj pjrfcj `fr`gea arj jutfsuiiglgaezj.

Allf jccfrj gc sfrmara `g ealassgt lfoa cj prfùzgfea àc pjea jttrjvarsf cj ojlgejzgfea àccj

ijrgej jc oucgef pguttfstf lha cf svfcmgoaetf àg cjvfrg lha fmmg lhgjogjof trj`gzgfejcg !ujcg

cjrrftgef, cf stjmegef, gc ijbbrf f gc ijcamejoa.

Dgllhazzj stfrglj àc Lfoacglf, ge !ujetf zfej `g ofetjmej, arj lfstgtugtj `jc pramgjtf camejoa

àcca ifrasta" fctra jccf sogsurjtf vjcfra getrgesalf àc ojtargjca, vj sfttfcgeajtf gc mrjeà jppfrtfjccalfefogj àccj zfej lha assf hj `fejtf, spalgjcoaeta igef jccj oat àc H7.

0uttfmmg ca jttgvgt racjtgva jccj cjvfrjzgfea àc camef lfstgtugslfef uegopfrtjeta ifeta `g ra``gtf a

sg pfssfef gefctra joogrjra mcg sbjrrjoaetg jrtgiglgjcg lfstrugtg ge prfssgogt àg iguog 4pjrtglfcjra

fmmattf `jttrjzgfea turgstglj !uaccf sgtujtf j )j`fcj a lhgjojtf ge `gjcattf \tuj3, lha hjeef

stfrgljoaeta rasf pfssgbgca cj icugtjzgfea àg trfelhg varsf cj pgjeurj a cj lgtt.

ac `fpfmuarrj, cgeljpjlgt `g lrajra flljsgfeg `g cjvfrf stjbgcg lha ifssarf `gvarsa `jcca jttgvgt

trj`gzgfejcg, rgslfetrjbgcg ge uej ojrljtj `giiglfct `g sfstaetjoaetf, siflgjrfef eac iaefoaef

àccaogmrjzgfea pravjcaetaoaeta varsf gc oarljtf taàslf. )urtrfppf j` je`jrsaea efe iurfef

sfcjoaeta fparjg maearglg f spalgjcgzzjtg oj jelha taleglg, `gpcfojtg a cjurajtg, gopfvarae`f lfsj jctras< rglfefslgutf jccaDamfca `g Lfouegfea

1jogcgjra, gc mrjeà oargtf `g jvar sjputf jàmujra eac taopf cj prfprgj iuezgfea, prfoufvae`f

igef jg mgfreg efstrg euoarfsa jzgfeg `g vjcfrgzzjzgfea àccjobgaeta ge`grgzzjta jccj irugzgfeasfstaegbgca àc tarrgtfrgf. Lg% efe sfcf par gc ojetaegoaetf àcca astasa prfprgat bfslhgva a par

c(jssattf sflgf9alfefoglf àccj pfpfcjzgfea 4j ojmmgfr rjmgfea igef j !uje`f parùrjtf cf strattf

rjppfrtf trj cj ejturj àg baeg lfoueg a ca jttgvgt cjvfrjtgva prfprga `g uej alfefogj ife`jtj su

jmrglfcturj a pjstfrgzgj3 oj jelha par gc rufcf `g aeta jutfefof cfljca lfe jopg spjzg `g

jutfmfvaref lha hj lfe`fttf jccj lfstruzgfea, eac lfrsf àmcg jeeg, `g vara a prfprga fpara

pubbcglha !ujcg ljsa, a`giglg slfcjstglg, strjà a fpara par gc luctf. Dgojea gopfrtjeta, ge !uastf

ljsf, avgàezgjra lfoa su`àttf oargtf sg sgj prfmrassgvjoaeta jttaeujtf assaezgjcoaeta par ùa

rjmgfeg rglfeùlgbgcg j ijttfrg astareg jcca Damfca. Ge prgof cufmf, gc subaetrjra àcca lfopataeza

joogegstrjtgva àg Lfoueg lha `jc `fpfmuarrj ge pfg hjeef lfetrgbugtf j gelraoaetjra c(getarvaetf

pubbcglf j cgvaccf irjzgfejca, jiigjeljtf jccj ejturjca avfcuzgfea sflgf9alfefoglj `g ofcta zfea `g

ofetjmej eacca !ujcg gc turgsof a ca jttgvgt àc tarzgjrgf hjeef sfppgjetjtf c(jetglf sgstaoj

alfefoglf jmrf9sgcvf9pjstfrjca. \alfe`jrgjoaeta, cj ifrta lrgsg àc oarljtf àc camef, rgsfrsj prgoj

a ueglj eac bgcjelgf `g !uastg aetg, hj gopa`gtf uctargfrg gevastgoaetg rjpprasaetje`f, jelfrj fmmg,

ue ijttfra lrgtglf àlgsjoaeta rgcavjeta.

Ictra jg ijttfrg mg acaeljtg `fbbcgmf taeara ge lfesgàrjzgfea gc iaefoaef lha, j ogf jvvgsf, ogej

ojmmgfroaeta ca bjsg par ue iuturf prfsparf a ùravfca `g !uastg aetg, lfe pjrtglfcjra rgiargoaetf

jcca sa`glg Damfca prasaetg eac tarrgtfrgf àc Lfoacglf 4efe hf acaoaetg j suiiglgaezj par astaeàra gc

parsfejca mgu`gzgf j` jctra sgogcg rajct, !ujcg par asaopgf !uacca `'opazzf3. \g trjttj àccfrojg

jvvgjtf a lfetgeuf ljcf `g getarassa a `g igùlgj varsf !uasta gstgtuzgfeg, ge prgof cufmf `j pjrta `g

uej iattj `g pfpfcjzgfea lfetrj``gstgetj par cf pg: `jg mgfvjeg a ge salfe`j jejcgsg, ijttf jssjg pg:

eamjtgvf, `j pjrta àmcg stassg ramfcgarg, g !ujcg saobrjef taeàezgjcoaeta jccattjtg `jg `grgttg

jl!ugsgtg saezj prafllupjrsg àmcg jctrattjetf gopfrtjetg `fvarg.

uastuctgof puetf tastgofegjtf `jccj sljrsj jiicuaezj àg ljpgijogmcgj jcca jssaobcaa maearjcg,


10/29

ofoaetf ife`joaetjca àccj vgtj lfouegtjrgj ùrjeta gc !ujca, `g efroj, sg `fvrabba `gslutara,

àcgbarjra efelh6 vftjra. Allf jccfrj lha sg vgaea j lrajra ue mfvaref `g pflhg, uej sfrtj `g

fcgmjrlhgj taeàeta par ejturj jccjllaetrjoaetf a jccgopfvargoaetf gàfcfmglf lha cjslgj,

lfesamuaetaoaeta, jopgf spjzgf jccj lurjàmcg getarassg parsfejcg j `gsljpgtf àccj lfouegt. A

!uge`g avgàeta lfoa !uastf iaefoaef lraslj `g pjrg pjssf lfe cj par`gtj `g igùlgj eacca Damfca alfoa, `jctrf ljetf, sgj `giiglgca ojetaeara f lrajra getarassa a pjrtalgpjzgfea eacca eufva

maearjzgfeg ca !ujcg saobrjef assara `gstjetg `jc lfopraeàra a jbbrjllgjra cgesgaoa `g vjcfrg a

prasuppfstg lha ue taopf iurfef ife`joaetjcg par cj vgtj àccj lfouegt.

A( geùbbgf lfoue!ua lha ca pftaezgjcgt àcca Damfca a `g sgogcg aetg sgjef jssjg jopga a

gopfrtjetg, baelh6 !uastg uctgog rglhga`jef j ogf jvvgsf, par pftarsg rgjpprfprgjra àc rufcf

prgojrgf jl!ugsgtf eac taopf, uej ofàregzzjzgfea strutturjca.

=jccj rgàigegzgfea gstgtuzgfejca a stjtutjrgj, ealassjrgj `fpf salfcg `g gooutjbgcgt, jc rgeefvjoaetfàcca ifroa `g getarvaetf ge of`f lfesfef jccf svgcuppf alfefoglf a sflgjca àcca maetg `g

ofetjmej.

Lfetastujcoaeta jc prgof àg ùa puetg a lfe rgiargoaetf jccjttujca jssattf j Lfoacglf \upargfra,

rgsuctj calgtf a spfetjeaf lhgaàrsg sa sgjef jelfrj ealassjrga !ujttrf `gstgeta Damfca, uej par

irjzgfea, par mastgra gc pjtrgofegf bfslhgvf a ca pflha prjtglha burflrjtglha f sa efe sgj ogmcgfra

cgàj `g ue jllfrpjoaetf ge ue ueglf aeta, fparjeta j cgvaccf lfouejca.

#gogtjra, ùe!ua, g lfstg burflrjtglg a `g ojetaegoaetf `g fmeg sgemfcj La`j `cj Ramfcj, ueae`f gc

pjtrgofegf jlluoucjtf eac taopf jc igea `g pftar fparjra lfe slacta a` getarvaetg ogrjtg jccgetarj

lfouegt a efe jc sgemfcf pjasa, acgogeje`f ge !uastf of`f jelha mcg jetglhg ljopjegcgsog lha

tuttfmmg rfvgejef !uaccj lha `fvrabba assara uefppfrtuegt `j siruttjra par ogmcgfrjra gc tarrgtfrgf

a ijvfrgra gc baeassara àmcg jbgtjetg.

)fcgtglha par jmavfcjra cgesargoaetf àg mgfvjeg a gelraoaetjra ge assg cgetarassa a cj lra`gbgcgt

eag lfeirfetg àccaeta, `fvrabbarf `g ijttf assara gesargta eacca jmaeà àg ramfcgarg, jelha par

taetjra `g mjrjetgra lfetgeugt a iuturf jc rufcf `g uegstgtuzgfea saopra oaef lfesgàrjtj.

Ge racjzgfea jc salfe`f puetf, uej vfctj lfestjtjtf gc suparjoaetf àccgopfrtjeta rufcf ue taopf

jl!ugsgtf, !uje`f calfefogj cfljca je`jvj prassflh6 `g pjrg pjssf lfe !uaccj àccj Damfcj, a

jppurjtf gc ifrta àlraoaetf àcca pfssgbgcgt `g spasj par mcg getarvaetg pubbcglg `fvutf jc mg lgtjtf

`rjstglf ljcf àc vjcfra àc camef ge !ujetf ueglj aetrjtj `g bgcjelgf, rgsuctj ealassjrgf trfvjra

eufva ifroa `g muj`jmef àrgvjeta `j jttgvgt sfstaegbgcg, j mgustgigljzgfea àccf stassf parùrjra `g

tjcg gstgtuzgfeg.

' tjc prfpfsgtf, rgoje`f ca prfpfsta a g saetgarg parlfrrgbgcg jc prfssgof pjrjmrjif, eac !ujca

sjrjeef prfpfsta jcluea àcca pfssgbgcg jppcgljzgfeg àc lfelattf `g sfstaegbgcgt eac lfetastf sflgf9

alfefoglf `g Lfoacglf \upargfra.


11/29

)ar lfelcuàra, cjuspglgf lha ge !uastj prfspattgvj `g ofàregzzjzgfea a rgeefvjoaetf sg pfssj

rgtrfvjra cgopfrtjezj sflgjca a jobgaetjca lha `j saopra ljrjttargzzj ca Damfca `g Lfouegfea

1jogcgjra, jiigelh6, eaccge`giiaraezj saopra ojmmgfra, efe sg sameg gc àstgef `g tjcg jetglha a`

frgmgejcg gstgtuzgfeg.

)ug saetgarg accj sfstaegbgcgt'

#j rgicassgfea, prfpfstj eag pjrjmrjig pralaàetg, rgmujr`f jcca trjsifrojzgfeg strutturjcg racjtgva jccj

àofmrjigj, jccalfefogj, jccj sflgat a jccjobgaeta àc Lfouea `g Lfoacglf \upargfra, efe sfcf

oatta ge cula cj mrjeà prfbcaojtglgt `g !uastf tarrgtfrgf oj pfea jelha cjllaetf succj ealassgt `g

rglarljra strjtamga lfoueg par ue iuturf svgcuppf ge lhgjva sfstaegbgca.Allf jccfrj gc àcgeajrsg `g !ujttrf saetgarg parlfrrgbgcg. G prgog tra hjeef j lha ijra strattjoaeta lfe

cj vjcfrgzzjzgfea a cj irugzgfea àcca rgsfrsa rgeefvjbgcg prasaetg ge Lfoacglf !ujcg ca ifrasta, ca

rgsfrsa g`rglha, gc iftfvfctjglf a` gc bgfmjs. #uctgof parlfrsf, prfpfea uej ravgsgfea àcca pfcgtglha

racjtgva jc turgsof `g ofetjmej ljcjtf eaccj rajct lfoacglaesa, lfe cgetaetf `g avgàezgjra ca

ofctapcglg jppcgljzgfeg sfstaegbgcg `g !uastf sattfra.

j) Ca rgsfrsa ifrastjcg

Gc oarljtf àg prf`fttg a àg sarvgzg ifrastjcg hj subgtf rj`gljcg trjsifrojzgfeg eac lfrsf àmcg uctgog

àlaeeg, lfe ue gooa`gjtf gopjttf eamjtgvf a sgmegigljtgvf succa jttgvgt alfefoglha `g sattfra a

succa ifroa `g mastgfea àg tarraeg bfslhgvg, rgsfrsj ife`joaetjca par gc sufcf ofetjef. A lfestjtjtf

lfoa !uastf iaefoaef sg pfssj rgslfetrjra saezj `giiglfct jelha eaccj rajct àc Lfoacglf efe sfcf

par cj ljrjttargstglj mastgfea àc pjtrgofegf `j pjrta àcca Damfca lha prfvva`fef ramfcjroaeta jccj

vae`gtj `g cfttg bfslhgvg, oj jelha par caiiattgvj spalgiglgt a !ujcgt àc camejoa cfljca, cj zfej

stjtj geijttg fmmattf `g uege`jmgea vfctj j àigegra lfe lartazzj euoarglj gc prflassf `g svjcutjzgfea

àccj ojtargj prgoj ge !uastgfea.

Igm& !% & Je`joaetf àc #ra$$f àc ojllhgjtglf ge aurf


12/29


13/29

par asaopgf g prf`fttgO@If ge!L"

ge tarzf cufmf, ijttfra efe oaef gopfrtjeta, cgeicuaezj suc oarljtf `g avaetg ejturjcg

ljtjstrfiglg lfoa par asaopgf mcg urjmjegCft"jra !g#gje, lha hjeef prfvfljtf ge Aurfpj

gemaetg `jeeg jcca ifrasta, ljusje`f `g ijttf ueuctargfra àlraoaetf àc prazzf `g

ojllhgjtglf.

Irj, `jc ofoaetf lha gc oarljtf sjr saopra pg: jpartf a lfopatgtgvf, ca eufva talefcfmga a cj

rglarlj paroattarjeef `g oattara j puetf uctargfrg prf`fttg sfstgtutgvg àc camef a taeutj ge

lfesgàrjzgfea cgopfssgbgcgt `g avgtjra cjlljàra `g ljtjstrfig ejturjcg, rgsuctj goprfbjbgca lha

sg pfssjef ljobgjra ge tarogeg sgmegigljtgvg ca lfe`gzgfeg jttujcg `g raouearjtgvgt. Illfrra,

!uge`g, ge`gvgùjra !uacca lha sfef ca pfssgbgcg cgeaa `getarvaetf, ge lhgjva sfstaegbgca, `j

gesargra ge ue pg: maearjca prfmattf `g vjcfrgzzjzgfea àcca rgsfrsa ifrastjcg a àc sattfraalfefoglf `j assa maearjtf, lha lfoprae`j ca jttgvgt `g cjvfrjzgfea àc camef a carfmjzgfea `g

baeg a sarvgzg j assf lfccamjtg a vfcta j rgcjelgjra jelha gc rufcf àmcg aetg mastfrg `g tjca

pjtrgofegf.

\g pftrabba gegzgjra, par asaopgf, lfe cj`fttjra pfcgtglha vfcta j vjcfrgzzjra ca cfljcg

prfùzgfeg, `j saopra `g !ujcgt rgspattf j !uacca `g jctra zfea, puetje`f succj lrajzgfea `g

lfesfrzg `g mastgfea ge mrj`f `g pubbcglgzzjra a prfoufvara ue ojrlhgf lartgigljtf.

' tjc prfpfsgtf, sfef ife`joaetjcg ca jzgfeg `g ojr/atgem, rgjssuogbgcg eag samuaetg getarvaetg,

avgàezgjtg lfe !uasta pjrfca `j )attaeaccj a Lgfttg;

&4...3 puetjra j prfùzgfeg `g !ujcgt, su igcgara lfrta a par egllhga `g oarljtf 4prf`fttg jrtgmgjejcg,getarvaetg a`gcgzg `g rgstrutturjzgfea f a`giglg pubbcglg `g jctj !ujcgt3, 4...3 `giiaraezgje`f caprfùzgfeg cfljcg rgspattf j !uacca astara par cj prfvaegaezj àc bfslhg, mastgtg lfe jctg stje`jr`jobgaetjcg a sflgjcg, lartgigljtg salfe`f g ùa sgstaog `g lartgigljzgfea ifrastjca àc Ifrast\ta$jr`s"gp Lfuelgc41\L3 a àcrfmrjooa ifr t"a %e`frsaoaet fi Ifrast Lartgigljtgfe sl"aoas4)A1L3+.

\g avgela ùe!ua cgopfrtjezj `g lfesgàrjra ca rgsfrsa ifrastjcg lfoa ue vjcfra jmmguetf j cgvaccf

zfejca efelh6 ramgfejcaa `g lfesamuaezj, cgoogeaeta bgsfmef `g fparjra a jmgra ge !uastfttglj.

Allf, jccfrj, lfoa cj lartgigljzgfea àc camef a cj lrajzgfea `g ue ojrlhgf `g !ujcgt, sjrabbarf

oftfra efe sfcf `g ue rgcjelgf àccalfefogj `g sattfra oj jelha `g ue gelraoaetf àc vjcfra `g

vae`gtj getrgesalf àc camejoa.

#a pramgjta prfùzgfeg jrtgmgjejcg àc Lfoacglf jl!ugstarabbarf ojmmgfra vgsgbgcgt a vjcfra suc

oarljtf, jprae`f cj strj`j jc ejslara `g eufva rajct goprae`gtfrgjcg a `g lfesamuaezj pg:

fppfrtuegt `g cjvfrf.


14/29

#a stassa Damfca trjrrabbarf ue lfesgstaeta vjetjmmgf alfefoglf mrjzga jccjuoaetf àc prazzf àc

ojllhgjtglf, `gspfeae`f !uge`g `g ojmmgfrg ife`g `j ragevastgra suc tarrgtfrgf a taetjra `g

rgjl!ugstjra gc vallhgf a gopfrtjeta rufcf sflgjca par lug sg sfef `gstgeta eaccjrlf àccj stfrgj.

amcg uctgog jeeg, gefctra, racjtgvjoaeta jcca strjtamga jtta j suparjra cj pg: jopgj lrgsg àc sattfra

ifrastjca, cjttaezgfea sg spfstjtj su pralgsg struoaetg alfefoglg, trj g !ujcg, g sgstaog parpjmjoaetg jobgaetjcg. \frma j !uastf puetf cj ealassgt `g uej brava spgamjzgfea lha paroattj `g

lfopraeàra ca oalljeglha racjtgva j tjcg ifroa ratrgbutgva.

G j&oaets ifr %e#grfeoaetjc \ar#glas 4)A\3 sfef uef struoaetf alfefoglf vfctf j arfmjra

gelaetgvg j` jmrglfctfrg a sgcvglfctfrg `j pjrta àg baeaiglgjrg `g baeg a sarvgzg jobgaetjcg, par

cj`fzgfea `g prjtglha jmrglfca sfstaegbgcg ge mrj`f `g maearjra aiiattg pfsgtgvg par cjobgaeta. Ge jctra

pjrfca, `jtf lha ofctg baeg a sarvgzg jobgaetjcg efe hjeef ue oarljtf, lfcfrf lha ea mf`fef g

baeaiglg efe pjmjef jclue prazzf oaetra lfcfrf lha cg arfmjef efe sfef rglfopaesjtg jiijttf. Allfjccfrj lha g )A\ sfef ue oalljegsof lha pravaà lha g ifregtfrg `g su`àttg sarvgzg rglavjef ue

lfopaesf par assg 4prf#gàr mats3 a lha g baeaiglgjrg pjmhgef gc racjtgvf prazzf 4usar pj&s3.

Dgsuctj !uge`g fvvgf lfoa !uasta strjtamga sgjef ijlgcoaeta jppcgljbgcg jcca rajct sgcvglfcturjcg àc

Lfoacglf. \g àcgeajef ge pjrtglfcjra tra pfssgbgcg rae`gta jobgaetjcg `gvgsa ge;

sarvgzgf g`rf9mafcfmglf"

sarvgzgf `g igssjzgfea àc ljrbfegf"

ojetaegoaetf àccj bgf`gvarsgt.

Asgstfef, jttujcoaeta, slhaog )A\ pravgstg par tjca tgpf `g prf`fttg sfstaeutg prgelgpjcoaeta `j

ife`g pubbcglg oj par g !ujcg sg rgslfetrj ue lraslaeta getarassa `j pjrta àc sattfra prgvjtf. )ar

!ujetf rgmujr`j ca rgsfrsa g`rglha, rgsjputf lha lfcfrf g !ujcg usjef cj tarrj eacca jraa j ofeta,

geicuaezjef cj !ujetgt a !ujcgt àcca jl!ua j vjcca. A jctrattjetf eftf lha cj ramgojzgfea àc lglcfàccjl!uj, rgaetrg eaccj ljtamfrgj `g lfopataeza jssamejta jg mastfrg àcca prfprgat sgcvf9jmrglfca.

>gae `j s6 jiiarojra lha aetg lfoa ca Damfca a ca Lfouegt fetjea pftrabbarf rglavara ue

lfopaesf par gc cjvfrf svfctf, lha mjrjetgslj j vjcca gc lfesuof `g jl!uj pftjbgca, lfoa cgemaeta

gopgamf àccj rgsfrsj eag sattfrg jmrglfcg a` geùstrgjcg, par cj paslj a` geigea lha sgj ge mrj`f `g

paroattara gc ojetaegoaetf àmcg alfsgstaog.

'ccf stassf of`f, cj rgouearjtgvgt àrgvarabba jelha `jc prflassf ejturjca `g igssjzgfea àc

ljrbfegf fparjtf `jcca ifrasta, taoj `g mrjeà jttujcgt, lha hj cj taeàezj j` jssuoarauegopfrtjezj saopra ojmmgfra.


15/29

A rgsjputf lha !uastf prflassf lfetrgbugsla jccj `gogeuzgfea àcca aogssgfeg eflgva `g Lf^,

rgaetrje`f j pgaef tgtfcf eamcg jspattg ljr`gea par gc rgspattf àcca `grattgva gopjrtgta eac )rftflfccf `g

ZRftf. =g lfesamuaezj, saopra pg: ge vfmj gc oarljtf àc ljrbfegf, lha trfvj g prgelgpjcg

jl!ugraetg ge aetg pubbcglg cfljcg, ramgfejcg f stjtjcg, lfoa `jctrf ljetf ge geùstrga prgvjta

getarassjta j lfopaesjra ca cfrf aogssgfeg eflgva jc igea `g avgtjra ca pasjetg sjezgfeg jctrgoaetggoputjbgcg. Lha `gra pfg sa mcg sifrzg a g lfstg sfstaeutg par cj mastgfea àg bfslhg ifssarf

rglfopaesjtg lfe gelaetgvg par cj lfesarvjzgfea àccj bgf`gvarsgt A sjrabba trfppf sa jelha g

raspfesjbgcg `g jttgvgt turgstglha, rglrajtgva a spfrtgva, pguttfstf lha lucturjcg, lfetrgbugssarf lfe

pjmjoaetg jg prfprgatjrg par cj pucgzgj, cj lurj a cj ojeutaezgfea àc tarrgtfrgf fparjta Lra`f lha g

taopg sgjef ojturg, jiigelh6 vaemjef rglfefslgutg a raouearjtg jelha !uag prf`fttg, sarvgzg a

baeaiglg àrgvjetg `jmcg alfsgstaog 4alfs&stao sar#glas3, par g !ujcg efe asgstavj igef j pflf taopf

ij ue oarljtf.)ar tfrejra eufvjoaeta j !uacca lha pftrabbarf assara, j ogf jvvgsf, ca cgeaa `getarvaetf par

taetjra `g rgsfccavjra gc trae` eamjtgvf eac ljopf àcca rgsfrsa ifrastjcg, vfrrag ijr eftjra lfoa

ueuctargfra fppfrtuegt `j siruttjra `j pjrta àg mastfrg a àg prfprgatjrg àg bfslhg, taeutg ge

lfesgàrjzgfea g lfetgeug juoaetg àc prazzf àg lfobustgbgcg ifssgcg, cj prfùzgfea a cj vae`gtj `g

ojtargjca camefsf `j bgfojssj, jttf jccj prfùzgfea `g aearmgj pravjcaetaoaeta taroglj.

)ar ejturj, gc camef rjpprasaetj `j saopra uegopfrtjeta rgsfrsj aearmatglj lha fctra j` assara

rgeefvjbgca, rgsuctj assara pucgtj ge !ujetf cj suj lfobustgfea efe maearj aogssgfeg eflgva a

ge!ugejetg.

\a `g prgof jllhgtf jppjra slfetjtj cj ealassgt `g svgcuppjra uej igcgarj prfùttgvj lha utgcgzzg mcg

sljrtg àccj cjvfrjzgfea `g camejoa àrgvjetg `jccgeùstrgj àc camef, uej vfctj lfestjtjtj cjttujca

sgtujzgfea `g oarljtf `g !uastuctgoj ge Lfoacglf, efe vj trjcjslgjtj cg aj `g gopgamjra

`grattjoaeta jelha trfelhg `g mrjeà `gjoatrf a `g bufej !ujcgt.

Ge !uastj ojegarj, fctra j parlapgra ue muj`jmef `jccj vae`gtj j tarzg àc ojtargjca, sg jmavfcarabba

cj lfstruzgfea `g ofàrea laetrjcg j bgfojssj par cj prfùzgfea `g aearmgj taroglj a cj suj

sullassgvj `gstrgbuzgfea, oa`gjeta jppfsgta ratg, j` aetg pubbcglg lfoa j` a`giglg prgvjtg, ifreae`f ge

!uastf of`f uegopfrtjeta sarvgzgf jccj lfouegt, sgefegof jelha `g svgcuppf sfstaegbgca.

)ar lfelcuàra, lfe uej sjej `fsa `g rajcgsof a saezj ofcta gccusgfeg, lra`f lha !uasta, jssgaoa j`

jctrg getarvaetg gesargtg ge ue pg: jopgf lfetastf `g svgcuppf rurjca ofetjef, saobrgef assara ca

ogsura jtta j prfoufvara gc sattfra ifrastjca a ogmcgfrjra ca lfe`gzgfeg àc oarljtf àc camejoa a

pg: ge maearjca j vjcfrgzzjra ca rgllha rgsfrsa bfslhgva `g lug gc tarrgtfrgf `g Lfoacglf \upargfra

`gspfea, ge uefttglj `g ofàregzzjzgfea a rgeefvjoaetf ge mrj`f `g ijr lfopraeàra lfoa sgj

saopra pg: ealassjrgf prastjra ojmmgfra jttaezgfea jccf siruttjoaetf sfstaegbgca àcca rgsfrsa cfljcg.


16/29

') Ca rgsfrsa g`rgl"a

\g mg pjrcjtf, eac lfrsf àccacjbfrjtf, `g ifetg àearmgj rgeefvjbgcg a àc cfrf gesargoaetf

eaccjobgtf àccf svgcuppf sfstaegbgca. >jca cj paej par% jpprfife`gra, lfetastujcgzzje`f gc taoj

jccj sgtujzgfea àc ogf ljsf `g stu`gf, pfeae`f ojmmgfra jttaezgfea succa pfssgbgcgt fiiarta `j

prfùzgfea a utgcgzzf `g lfàsta rgsfrsa.

ac pralaàeta sfttfpjrjmrjif stjtj oassj ge avgàezj, trj ca jctra prfpfsta, cj ealassgt `g

utgcgzzjra sljrtg `g cjvfrjzgfea àc camejoa a efe sfcf, jc igea `g prfùrra aearmgj taroglj `j

bgfojssj. 1fljcgzzarag frj cjttaezgfea suc rufcf prgojrgf lha vfcma j` jssuoara uejctrj rgsfrsj,

!uaccj g`rglj.

)ar !ujetf rgmujr`j cj (uastgfea jl(uj, gooa`gjtf gc lfccamjoaetf lha cj jssflgj jccj prfùzgfea

`g aearmgj g`rfacattrglj a jccj ljpjlgt raouearjtgvj j` assj racjtgvj. =acgljtj gevala cj !uastgfea

lha taetj `g àigegra j lhg jppjrtaemj cjl!uj a j lhg spattgef, a !ujcg sgjef g `grgttg àc suf utgcgzzf

ge of`f `j efe prfvfljra `jeeg jccj lfccattgvgt a jccjobgaeta.

#a rgsfrsa g`rglha `g Lfoacglf \upargfra sfef sfttfpfsta, ge !ujetf gesargta eac pg: jopgf lfetastf

jcpgef, j` uej lfstjeta prassgfea ljusjtj `jcca lraslaetg asgmaeza aearmatglha àcca rajct `g pgjeurj

pguttfstf lha lgttj gea, spalgjcoaeta ge racjzgfea jccutgcgzzf eac ljopf àccjmrglfcturj,

àccgeùstrgj a àc turgsof.

0jca iaefoaef, tastgofegjtf jelha eacca jiiarojzgfeg `g Dfcje` )saeear, àcc8egvarsgt `g

Geesbrul/, gc !ujca sfstgaea lha;

&prgvjtgzzjzgfeg a cgbarjcgzzjzgfeg ijeef sg lha ca ramgfeg jcpgea sgjef saopra oaef ge mrj`f `gàigegra sa stassa a ca prfprga asgmaeza, lfsgllh6 mcg getarassg sflgjcg, alfcfmglg, vgtjcg àmcg jbgtjetgsfef taeutg saopra oaef ge lfesgàrjzgfea.+

#f slaejrgf suc tarrgtfrgf ge jejcgsg, vaà jttujcoaeta cj prasaezj `g tra lfsg`àtta laetrjcgeapar cj

prfùzgfea `g aearmgj acattrglj lha siruttjef gc lfrsf àg iguog cfljcg, mg lgtjtg eac prgof pjrjmrjif

`g !uastf ljpgtfcf. accf spalgiglf, og rgiargslf jccj laetrjcgej asgstaeta ge cfljcgt \fpjc:, lha

usuirugsla àcca jl!ua àc iguoa )j`fcj, mastgtj `jccAA#. Ictra j !uastj, vg sfef jctra ùa

struttura, lfmastgta `jc Lfouea `g Lfoacglf \upargfra a `jc 2G 42jlgef Gobrgiarf fetjef3,

pfsta rgspattgvjoaeta eaccj irjzgfea `g )j`fcj ge prfssgogt àccfofegof lfrsf `jl!uj a eaccj

irjzgfea `g \amj =gmfe, fspgta `g uejctrf àmcg jiicuaetg àc )gjva, gc =gmfe jppuetf.

=g ijttf, par !ujetf rgmujr`j gc rgljvjtf `jccj vae`gtj àccaearmgj acattrglj prf`fttj, sg avgelfef ùa

`giiaraetg àstgejzgfeg. ac prgof ljsf, efe vg geijttg jcluej ra`gstrgbuzgfea suc tarrgtfrgf àg

muj`jmeg, ge !ujetf assg igegslfef par getarf eacca ljssa àccAA#. ac salfe`f gevala, efefstjeta

gc rjppfrtf `g lfmastgfea lfe ue aeta astaref lha ea trjttgaea uej pjrta, mcg utgcg sfef parlapgtg

`grattjoaeta `jc Lfouea, gc !ujca pu% utgcgzzjrcg a ragevastgrcg par getarvaetg utgcg jccj lfouegt


17/29

cfljca.

A fppfrtuef ge !uastf ljsf sfttfcgeajra cgopfrtjezj rjpprasaetjtj `jccuctgoj rajct lfeigmurjtjsg.

Ge ofcta ramgfeg ofetjea geijttg, caearmgj g`rfacattrglj maearjtj `jcca turbgea uej ife`joaetjca

rgsfrsj a rgasla, spassf, j sfppargra jc ijbbgsfmef `g getarg vgccjmmg f lfoue!ua !uaccf racjtgvf jcca

ealassgt `g a`giglg pubbcglg lfoa slufca, fspa`jcg a uiiglg mfvarejtgvg. 0jcvfctj, ge ljsg allazgfejcg`fva sg rgslfetrj cj prasaezj `g laetrjcg `g mrje`g `goaesgfeg, fctra jcca asgmaeza getarea jccj

lfouegt ijttgbgca paesjra `g sf``gsijra jelha ca rglhgasta `g !uaccf lha `gvaetjtf frojg ue varf

a prfprgf oarljtf àccaearmgj, vaeàe`f ge !uastf of`f g ZP prf`fttg ge allassf. A !uastf, par

asaopgf, gc ljsf àccj >jc )fslhgjvf, uej ramgfea pargiarglj àccj \vgzzarj gtjcgjej, `fva cj

lfouegt muj`jmej j``grgtturj gc B-C àc prfprgf ra``gtf aslcusgvjoaeta `jccj prfùzgfea a `jccj

vae`gtj `g aearmgj.

#uemg `jc paesjra lha tjca lfesgstaeta rgsuctjtf sgj parsamugbgca j Lfoacglf \upargfra, fllfrra par%rgojrljra cj ealassgt `g àigegra !ujcg sgjef ca slacta `g ejturj pfcgtglj ogmcgfrg, jiigelh6 cf

siruttjoaetf `g ue baea prazgfsf lfoa !uaccf àccjl!uj maearg rgllhazzj, prgoj `g tuttf par

jzzarjra ca spasa aearmatglha lfouejcg a `g lfesamuaezj ue rgslfetrjbgca rgtfref ge tarogeg `g baeg a

sarvgzg `g fr`gea pubbcglf jccj pfpfcjzgfea.

' tjc igea, pjra calgtf, lfoa puetf `g pjrtaezj, fparjra eaccj `grazgfea `g ue tftjca jiig`joaetf

mastgfejca jccaeta lfouejca àcca mg prasaetg laetrjcg, eaccj prfspattgvj lha sgj prfprgf

!uastuctgof gc prgof jrtaigla `g uctargfrg gevastgoaetg eac ljopf. )g: àttjmcgjtjoaeta, je`rabba j

ogf pjrara rajcgzzjtj cj prfpfstj, mg gesargtj eag iuturg pgjeg `getarvaetf, `gestjccjzgfea `g ue

uctargfra gopgjetf prassf ca ljsljta àc )gsje`jcf, siruttje`f jppgaef cj ejturjca pftaezj àccjl!uj

ge ljùtj cgbarj, lha sg rgvarsj eufvjoaeta eac iguoa )j`fcj par assara rgutgcgzzjtj eacca laetrjcgea

mg lgtjta.

0freje`f frj jccjiig`joaetf mastgfejca a jcca pfcgtglha par cj lfelassgfea ùtgcgzzf g`rglf, praoa

gc bgsfmef `g sfttfcgeajra lfoa sgj utgca a ge`gspaesjbgca, jc igea `g avgtjra cf sparparf `g uej àcca

pflha ifetg jelfrj j `gspfsgzgfea àccj lgttj`gejezj, gc rufcf àmcg aetg pubbcglg. Lfcmf cflljsgfea

par rjiifrzjra !uastf ogf paesgarf rgpfrtje`f ue brava astrjttf `j uegetarvgstj ijttj eac NN jccaQ

\ge`jlf `g Lfoacglf \upargfra, #ulj =a jrtge, eac lfrsf àccj !ujca jiiarojvj;

&' ogf pjrara cj lfelassgfea `g àrgvjzgfea a getarvaetf su lfrsg `(jl!uj àva assara `jtj sfcf jaetg pubbcglg, par igejcgt pubbcglha. =fbbgjof lhgaàra lha cj camma rgsarvg !uasta gegzgjtgva sfcfjmcg aetg pubbcglg. \a lg pjssj `jvjetg gc prgvjtf lg pfrtj vgj ca ueglha rgsfrsa lha cj lgttj`gejezj hjpar sfprjvvgvara+.

' tjc igea, urma uej gooa`gjtj gevarsgfea àccjttujca taeàezj, lha àeftj gc pravjcara `g prfmattg

prasaetjtg `j rajct goprae`gtfrgjcg prgvjta.

Ge sfstjezj, eaccj mjrj par cj prfùzgfea `g aearmgj, g prgvjtg ijeef rgsuctjef j` fmmg vgelaetg. Assg


18/29

saobrarabbarf pg: aiiglgaetg a pg: jbgcg àmcg aetg pubbcglg j` jpprfigttjra àcca fppfrtuegt lha gc

!uj`rf efrojtgvf fiira j lhg vfmcgj prfùrra aearmgj pucgtj ge taopg `g lrgsg àc lcgoj a àccj

`gspfegbgcgt àcca trj`gzgfejcg ifetg ifssgcg. 0jca aiiglgaezj efe sg rgicattarabba par%, j ogf jvvgsf,

eaccjoogegstrjzgfea àmcg getrfgtg a eac ùrjturf rgspattf àccjobgaeta ge lhgjva sfstaegbgca.

8ej sgtujzgfea sgogca j !uaccj jppaej àslrgttj, lfestjtjbgca eac rgsuctjtf `g !uaccf lha stjtf, geprgelgpgf, gc taetjtgvf `g siruttjra getaccgmaetaoaeta ca prfprgat oa`glha getrgesalha jccjl!uj.

)ar !uastf jspattf Lfoacglf \upargfra efe hj bgsfmef `g prasaetjzgfeg. \fef frojg lfefslguta a

rglfefslguta ca prfprgat lurjtgva àcca jl!ua sfcifrfsa lha smfrmjef eaccj spcae`g`j jraj `g

>jcmrjeà, jg pga`g `g jcluea àcca pg: bacca ofetjmea `fcfogtglha, lfevfmcgjta eaccj strutturj lha

`j !uasta uctgoa praeà gc efoa `g 0aroa àcca =fcfogtg Lfoa mg lgtjtf pralaàetaoaeta eac

lfrsf àc ljpgtfcf lfoa jttgvgt ifeta `jttrjzgfea turgstglj, `fpf !ujclha jeef `jccgstgtuzgfea,

rgsuctjef purtrfppf, j` fmmg, lhgusa.Ge !uastf ljsf, j `gofstrjzgfea `g !ujetf pflf ij jiiarojtf, cj mastgfea `g ue baea pubbcglf lfoa

cjl!uj `j pjrta `g uej sflgat prgvjtj, hj lfe`fttf j` uej sarga `g ijttfrg par g !ujcg mcg gegzgjcg

prasuppfstg pfsgtgvg camjtg prgelgpjcoaeta jccfttglj àc lfesamugoaetf `g ue prfigttf a efe

jàmujtjoaeta gesargtg ge ue prfmattf `g rgtfref par cj lfouegt, sg sfef rgvacjtg sgefegof `g sljrsj

aiiglgaezj a jiig`jbgcgt.

uastj rgicassgfea efe vufca argmarsg lfoa ojegiastf `g vargt jssfcutj, oj vufca assara cj bjsa par

ue gevgtf, astae`gbgca jelha j` aetg pubbcglg !ujcg Lfouea, Lfouegt fetjej a Damfca `g

lfouegfea ijogcgjra, j` jttgvjrsg lfe ojmmgfra aeijsg par jmmgu`gljrsg cgopfrtjeta rufcf mastgfejca

`g !uasta rgsfrsa a` jttgvgt lha, ge cgeaj lfe gc pg: maearjca jobgaeta jcpgef, rjpprasaetjef gc

lfelratgzzjrsg àcca ojmmgfrg fppfrtuegt par gc irugzgfea sfstaegbgca ofetjef.

l) Iftf#fctjglf a *gfmjs

Ge ue lfouea lfoa !uaccf `g Lfoacglf \upargfra lfe ue bgcjelgf `g lgrlj tra ogcgfeg `g aurf `g

gevastgoaetg jeeug, cjttaezgfea jcca spasa aearmatglha, àva assara jccfr`gea àc mgfref. A mg stjtj

oaezgfejtj cj ealassgt `g puetjra jccjzzarjoaetf `g tjcg spasa mrjzga jccf siruttjoaetf àc

pftaezgjca g`rglf, lha efe par% cueglj rgsfrsj `jccj !ujca trjrra sfstaetjoaetf. Lfe pfsgtgvf

stupfra geijttg, stjtf pfssgbgca rgslfetrjra gc rajcgzzjrsg àc lfelattf `g sfstaegbgcgt fmeg !ujc vfctj

gf mujr`g gc tattf àcca`giglgf slfcjstglf sgtujtf j pflhg oatrg `jccj ogj jbgtjzgfea.

#gestjccjzgfea, succj suj supariglga, `g ue `gslratf euoarf `g pjeeaccg iftfvfctjglg, mjrjetgsla `j

!ujclha jeef j` assf cjutfsuiiglgaezj `jc puetf `g vgstj àccaearmgj acattrglj. 8e mrjeà pjssf,

saezj fobrj `g ùbbgf, sabbaea sfrmj spfetjeaj cj `foje`j vfctj j ljpgra sa sgj !uastj cueglj

fppfrtuegt.


19/29

#j rgspfstj rgsuctj assara jctrattjetf spfetjeaj. \fef geijttg prasaetg suc tarrgtfrgf jctrg a`giglg `g

lfopataezj lfouejca lfe ca ljrta ge ramfcj parlh6 sg jvvgg uej pfcgtglj `g getarvaetg ogrjtg jccj

prfùzgfea `g aearmgj pucgtj. \g `fvrabba ge !uastf ljsf vjcutjra !ujcg `g !uastg sgjef g pg: j`jttg j

lfevfmcgjra g rjmmg sfcjrg, par ijttfrg camjtg jccaspfsgzgfea.

'elha eac ljsf `g a`giglg frojg `gsoassg f efe utgcgzzjtg par !ujcsgvfmcgj jttgvgt, bjstarabbalfccamjra cgopgjetf jccj rata `g gccuogejzgfea pubbcglj fttaeae`f lfs< ue rgtfref gooa`gjtf, ge

prgof cufmf ge tarogeg `g rgùzgfea f jzzarjoaetf àccj spasj jttujcoaeta sfstaeutj a

salfe`jrgjoaeta camjtf jc lrajrsg `g utgcg spae`gbgcg ge jctrg getarvaetg.

Ge vargt, prfmattg `g !uastf tgpf sfef mg stjtg prasaetjtg, lfoa !uaccf gearaeta cgestjccjzgfea `g

su`àttg pjeeaccg succj lfparturj àcca slufca oa`ga àccj irjzgfea `g )j`fcj, lha irugrabba `g uej

supariglga `g N o^. =g pjrg pjssf pftrabbarf fparjra ca Damfca a jccf stassf of`f, sjrabba

fppfrtuef getrjpraeàra cj strj`j lha lfeùla jccj rglarlj `g ife`g a` gelaetgvg ramgfejcg, pguttfstflha stjtjcg a` aurfpag, vfctg jccfttaegoaetf àccjutfsuiiglgaezj aearmatglj 4acattrglj a taroglj3

jelha par ca jbgtjzgfeg prgvjta, cgogtje`f lfs< ca gemaetg spasa lha cj pfpfcjzgfea mg lfstrattj j

sfstaeara par gc rgsljc`joaetf eag oasg gevarejcg, !uje`f cjpprfvvgmgfejoaetf `g camej efe bjstj.

\a pfg sfstaegbgcgt ge !uastf ljopf sgmegiglj rguslgra j siruttjra ca rgsfrsa ejturjcg prasaetg suc

tarrgtfrgf, jccfrj parlh6 efe siruttjra cj ejturjca ofrifcfmgj àc sufcf \g `j gc ljsf lha ca irjzgfeg `g

Lje`gà a Ljsjojzzjmef sgjef rgllha `g prjtg mg ejturjcoaeta gelcgejtg ge !ujetf astasg su uef àg

varsjetg àccj vjcca ue taopf maearjtj `jc iguoa )j`fcj. A sfef jctrattjetf eftjbgcg ca pariatta

lfe`gzgfeg `g aspfsgzgfea j su` `g lfàsta supariglg, lha mf`fef jelha, mrjzga jccj cfrf pfsgzgfea, `g

ue ojmmgfr taopf `g gccuogejzgfea sfcjra rgspattf jcca jctra irjzgfeg.

Irj, saezj purtrfppf pftar ifroucjra ue pgjef `getarvaetf pralgsf, par ijttfrg rglfeùlgbgcg

prgelgpjcoaeta jcca `gsputa racjtgva jg `grgttg ùsf a prfprgat, lra`f sgj gopfrtjeta avgàezgjra

lfoa ge cgeaj purjoaeta tafrglj, gc ofetjmmgf `g pjeeaccg iftfvfctjglg su !uasta astaesgfeg sjrabba

ge mrj`f `g mjrjetgra uej tjca prfùzgfea `g aearmgj lha fctra j sf``gsijra gc ijbbgsfmef pubbcglf,

pftrabba assara vaeùtj jc oarljtf, maearje`f getrfgtg `j ragevastgra.

0rjcjslgje`f par ue ofoaetf tjca rgicassgfea a tfreje`f jccj prjtglj, sg pu% fssarvjra lfoa mcg

fstjlfcg lha j` fmmg bcflljef prfpfsta `g !uastf tgpf, sgjef prgelgpjcoaeta `g ojtrgla alfefoglj.

>j rglfr`jtf, par%, lha mcg gegzgjcg gevastgoaetg, par !ujetf lfesgstaetg, sg `gofstrjef 4eaccj ojmmgfr

pjrta àg ljsg3 joofrtjbgcg ge pflf taopf a mjrjetg `g uej rasj iuturj, lha eac ljsf àccj rajct `g

Lfoacglf \upargfra rjpprasaetarabba ue eftavfca gelraoaetf `g ife`g `j gesargra eac bgcjelgf

lfouejca jeeuf.

\a !ujetf àttf efe bjstjssa j lfevgelara rgmujr`f cj prazgfsgt `g !uastj, lfoa `g jctra ifetg

rgeefvjbgcg, lra`f sgj utgca rglfr`jra a `g lfesamuaezj jllaeejra jelha jc rufcf lha cutgcgzzf `g

talefcfmga par cj prfùzgfea `g 'gfmjspftrabba jssuoara eaccalfefogj àc sattfra jmrglfcf.


20/29

\abbaea sgj stjtj `fluoaetjtj eac lfrsf àccjejcgsg sflgf9alfefoglj pralaàetaoaeta aspfstj, cj

àlaeejca taeàezj jccj `gogeuzgfea àcca jttgvgt jmrglfca eaccj zfej, sg pu% lfestjtjra gc

parojeara `g jcluea pgllfca jzgaeà, prgelgpjcoaeta j lfeùzgfea ijogcgjra. A geùbbgf lha g lfstg

racjtgvg jc ijbbgsfmef aearmatglf par gc oarf iuezgfejoaetf `g !uasta rajct, sgjef trj g ijttfrg lha

spgemfef jc rgbjssf cj ra``gtgvgt `goprasj oj jctrattjetf varf lha trjogta ca ofàrea taleglha,tjcg spasa pfssfef assara `g mrje cuemj lfopaesjta.

\fef asjustgvg a lhgjrgigljtgvg, j tjc prfpfsgtf, g rgsuctjtg `g uej rglarlj svfctj `jc P+\ +eef#jtgfe

jr, aeta jctfjtasgef par cj prfofzgfea a cgeefvjzgfea talefcfmglj, vfctj j àcgeajra g baeaiglg

jobgaetjcg, alfefoglg a` aearmatglg àmcg gopgjetg j bgfmjs ge prfvgelgj `g 2fczjef. A aoarsf lha

ge 'ctf '`gma asgstfef BN gopgjetg bgfmjs lha trjsifrojef jeeujcoaeta lgrlj NB. tfeeaccjta `g

catjoa a cg!ujog, ge aearmgj acattrglj a ljcfra. #jejcgsg, hj `gofstrjtf par `g pg: lha mcg gopgjetg

jmrglfcg gestjccjtg ge jzgae`j, lfesuojef 4par iuezgfejra3 lgrlj gc 9B C àccaearmgj a àc ljcfralha prfùlfef. 8e bgcjelgf ùe!ua ofctf pfsgtgvf.

\frma spfetjeaj cj `foje`j; gc rgojeaeta KC Acattrglgt a ljcfra utgcg par lfopaesjra gc

ijbbgsfmef jzgae`jca. Lfoa sa efe bjstjssa, `jg rgsuctjtg sg avgela jelha lfoa !uastj sgj uej

prjtglj jctjoaeta sfstaegbgca a rgspattfsj àccalfsgstaoj. \g lfestjtjtf, geijttg, lha mcg gopgjetg

jmrglfcg j bgfmjs rgsuctjef pg: alfcfmglg rgspattf jccj mastgfea trj`gzgfejca àc cg!ujoa a àc catjoa

parlh6 rgspjrogjef gc C àcca aogssgfeg a!ugvjcaetg `g LI; sa efe vaegssarf trjspfrtjtg

jccgopgjetf, !uastg prazgfsg sljrtg varrabbarf prgoj stflljtg `jg lfetj`geg a pfg `gstrgbugtg sug ljopg

lfoa iartgcgzzjetg 4 !uastj cjttujca sgtujzgfea eaccj rajct `g Lfoacglf \upargfra3, aoattae`f lfs :arsf ue bufe mf/aref àc tarrgtfrgf

Ge ue tarrgtfrgf saopra pg: ogejtf `jg prflassg `g spfpfcjoaetf a `g gevallhgjoaetf sflgjca, lfoa

`jctrf ljetf `jcca `giiglfct fllupjzgfejcg a `jccj pg: maearjca lraslaeta ojeljezj `g igùlgj eac

prfmrassf, `fbbcgmf ogrjra j` ge`gvgùjra g ijttfrg prfoftfrg `g uej efe ijlgca gevarsgfea `g

taeàezj, jc igea `g jrmgejra cjttujca gelcgejzgfea àg lgttj`geg jccge`giiaraezj a jccj rjssamejzgfea.

Allf jccfrj lha, `fpf jvar jrmfoaetjtf lgrlj ca pfssgbgcg sfcuzgfeg sfstaegbgcg a jttujbgcg j Lfoacglf

\upargfra jc igea `g vjcfrgzzjra ca euoarfsa fppfrtuegt `g svgcuppf alfefoglf, gstgtuzgfejca a

jobgaetjca, vfrrag frj pfrra cjttaezgfea sumcg jspattg rgmujr`jetg cgàetgt lucturjca, cj

pjrtalgpjzgfea a cj lfasgfea sflgjca, ca pfcgtglha `g bufe mfvaref.

.ej euf#j lucturj ofetjej

#j pfpfcjzgfea `g Lfoacglf \upargfra, jejcfmjoaeta jccj ojmmgfr pjrta àg pfpfcg ofetjeg,

pfrtjtrgla `g uej ifrta gàetgt lucturjca lha ife`j ca prfprga rj`glg prgelgpjcoaeta sug vjcfrg `g

jttjlljoaetf jc tarrgtfrgf a j !uaccf lha sg pftrabba àigegra ue camjoa sgobgftglf lfe assf. 0jcg

prgelgpg sfef parùrjtg eac taopf igef jg mgfreg efstrg mjrjetae`f, lfoa eac mg asjogejtf ljsf


24/29

àcca Damfca, cj`fzgfea `g pfcgtglha utgcg jc ojetaegoaetf a jccj lurj àccjobgaeta ejturjca,

gesa`gjtgvf a sflgjca. \a `j ue cjtf par%, g lgttj`geg hjeef vgssutf stfrgljoaeta ge uej luccjvjccgvj

pguttfstf lhgusj a ijlgcoaeta mastgbgca lfe pralgsg getarvaetg camjtg prgelgpjcoaeta jc sattfra jmrf9

sgcvf9pjstfrjca, jctrattjetf varf lha cj tjr`j jparturj varsf ca jctra rajct, gc prfmrassf talefcfmglf

a sflgjca a pg: ge maearjca varsf uej `gvarsgigljtj mjooj `g `gejoglha alfefoglha a tarrgtfrgjcgprgoj slfefslguta, hj oassf ge cula g cgogtg lucturjcg vaeutgsg j lrajra, g !ujcg sg rgicattfef tuttfmmg.

#j `giigàezj varsf cf slfefslgutf a cjvvarsgfea jc efe trj`gzgfejca a !uge`g jc eufvf, sfef sfcf

jclueg àmcg asaopg. Asprassgfeg !ujcg tastjr`jmmgea, gevg`gj, lurj àg prfprg getarassg a sljrsj

jparturj oaetjca, àcgeajef jàmujtjoaeta gc prfigcf maearjca `g uej pfpfcjzgfea saopra pg:

vallhgj a rjssamejtj, efe gelcgea jc outjoaetf, jbbje`fejtj j sa stassj.

#jbbje`fef àmcg staraftgpg camjtg j !uastj ofetjmej l"gusja paràeta, geljrejtg ge uej oaetjcgt

suparjtj, àva assara gc prasuppfstf par getrjpraeàra gc ljoogef lha pfrtj, jttrjvarsf ueprfmrassgvf suparjoaetf, jccj lfe`gvgsgfea `g uej eufvj lucturj ofetjej. Aobcaojtglha ge !uastf

ljsf ca pjrfca `g Aerglf Ljojeeg, mgfrejcgstj a stfrglf àccjcpgegsof;

&lhg sg gccuà `g sjcvjra a rgcjelgjra cj ofetjmej lfe uej pur efbgca `giasj àccj suj oaofrgj, àccjsuj jutfefogj, àcca sua trj`gzgfeg, gmefrj lha gc efstrf ofe`f vgva frojg `g ueueglj lucturj,!uaccj urbjej, a lha fmeg jctarejtgvj pu% ejslara sfcf jccgetaref `g assj a efe j lhgoarglj `giasj`g ue pjssjtf jutjrlhglf lha efe asgsta pg:+.

Ge jctra pjrfca,

&cj eufvj gàetgt jcpgej efe pu% pfrsg lfoa ue cfljca goparoajbgca jc mcf'jca oj pu%rgvae`gljra ifrzj a `gmegt sfcf sa gopjrj j ogsurjrsg lfe gc ofe`f `g iufrg+.

A juspgljbgca ùe!ua, ge Lfoacglf lfoa ge ofcta jctra tarra jcta, gc suparjoaetf àccj lfelazgfea

`g ofetjmej paràeta f vgetj, par jbbrjllgjra cgàj `g uej ofetjmej jpartj jg outjoaetg, jc pjssf

lfe g taopg, lfesjpavfca àg prfprg cgogtg oj j ojmmgfr rjmgfea àcca prfprga pftaezgjcgt, `jc

ofoaetf lha saopra pg:, ge jobgtf mcfbjca, sg vj àigeae`f cj prfspattgvj lha ge!uj`rj gc lfetastf

jcpgef ge ue rufcf `g cj'frjtfrgf geef#jtg#fÀurfpj.

\fef jccfrj ijlgcoaeta ge`gvgùjbgcg, `jta ca praoassa, !uaccg lha sjrjeef g prgelgpjcg jutfrg àc

ljobgjoaetf, efelh6 g ofetjejrg `g `fojeg. Ge prgof cufmf g mgfvjeg, ofàccjtg a` jllraslgutg

`jcca ouctgpca aspargaeza ifrojtgva urbjea a `jg lfetjttg lfe ca rajct ofàrea oj lfesjpavfcoaeta


25/29

getaezgfejtg j ijr ojturjra !uastj rgllhazzj eac pjasa `frgmgea.

\alfe`jrgjoaeta, !uaccg lha Yjezg àigegsla g eaf-rurjcg,fvvarf lfcfrf lha slacmfef `g trjsiargrsg

ge uejraj ofetjej rglarlje`f uej ogmcgfra !ujcgt àccj vgtj, siummae`f jccj vgtj strassjeta a

usurjeta `g lgtt. Ge aetrjobg g ljsg, lg trfvgjof `g irfeta j !uaccg lha pfssfef assara lfesgàrjtg g

euf#g j'gtjetg, ge !ujetf iuturg jrtaiglg a` getarpratg àccjctrattjetf eufvj gàetgt lucturjcaofetjej.

' tjc prfpfsgtf, cf stgca `g vgtj a ca jttgvgt àc eufvf ofetjejrf `fvrjeef mfvarejra g prflassg `g

ofàregzzjzgfea, saezj par% trjslurjra g sjparg trj`gzgfejcg. Geijttg, lfoa puetujcoaeta rglfr`j

$gusappa =aojttags, prfiassfra `g mafmrjigj alfefoglj àc )fcgtaleglf `g 0frgef;

&sgjof `g irfeta j` ue prflassf `g ofàregzzjzgfea àccj lucturj àcca 'cpg bjsjtf su uej sjpgaeta

rgacjbfrjzgfea àccj lucturj trj`gzgfejca a su uej suj getamrjzgfea lfe ca gstjeza pg: geefvjtgvaàccj lucturj ofàrej. 4...3 Ge !uastfttglj, vjeef cattg geijttg g prfmattg `g rgejslgtj jcpgej 4...3+.

Allf jccfrj gc àcgeajrsg àmcg stassg jttfrg àccj rgejslgtj; j` assg spattj gc lfopgtf `g pfrtjra uej

vaetjtj `jrgj iraslj ge !uaccj lha cj stjmejeta sgtujzgfea `g gesfiiaraezj a vgttgogsof parsgstaeta

ge !uasta vjccg, jc igea `g lfstrugra ue iuturf a!uf, lha paroattj `g ogrjra jccj lfesarvjzgfea àccj

lucturj ofetjej, jttrjvarsf cj suj ealassjrgj rgejslgtj.

Lfasgfea sflgjca a euf#g parlfrsg pjrtalgpjtg#g

8ej vfctj gàetgigljtg g prftjmfegstg àc iuturf, fllfrra stjbgcgra !ujcg sgjef ca ogmcgfrg strjtamga par

lfstrugra uejàmujtj rata sflgjca 4`jc ofoaetf lha !uaccj jttujca jppjra !ujetf ojg `gsmramjtj3,

eaccj !ujca assg pfssjef fparjra jc oamcgf ge ue lfetastf `g ralgprflgt, igùlgj a lfccjbfrjzgfea. #j

cfrf ljpjlgt `jzgfea sjr par ejturj strattjoaeta camjtj jg prgelgpg lha ljrjttargzzjef uej

ealassjrgj a` juspgljbgca rglarlj `g ojmmgfra lfasgfea sflgjca, cj !ujca pu% assara àigegtj lfoa cj

&ljpjlgt `g uej sflgat `g jssglurjra gc baeassara `g tuttg g oaobrg lha cj lfopfemfef+,

a lfoa prgof pjssf varsf


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&ue sgstaoj sflgjca `g $acijrajctjoaeta svgcuppjtf lha lfgevfcmj tuttg mcg jttfrg cfljcg, prara!ugsgtflfetrf lfeicgttg sflgjcg, aslcusgfea a pfvart rurjca+.

A ealassjrgf ùe!ua gc lfgevfcmgoaetf `g tuttg g mruppg `g getarassa lha lfopfemfef cj lfouegt

cfljca, sfprjttuttf `g lfcfrf g !ujcg tae`fef j` assara jttujcoaeta aslcusg `jg prflassg àlgsgfejcg,

lfe pjrtglfcjra jttaezgfea jcca eufva maearjzgfeg oj jelha j lfcfrf lha hf àigegtf g eufvg jbgtjetg.

#jttujca sgtujzgfea j Lfoacglf \upargfra, `j !uastf puetf `g vgstj, tastgofegj ue sfstjezgjca

`gsgetarassjoaetf `j pjrta àccj pfpfcjzgfea eag lfeirfetg àcca slacta pfcgtglha a` joogegstrjtgva,

ljusjtf a jopcgigljtf, j ogf jvvgsf, `jccj ifrta gelcgejzgfea àg rjpprasaetjetg !ujcg sge`jlf a

jssassfrg jccj pravaetgvj sljrsj jparturj eag rjppfrtg lfe cj lfouegt.

'ssuoa jccfrj ife`joaetjca rgcavjezj, j cgvaccf gstgtuzgfejca a pfcgtglf, gc sjpar jslfctjra ca

asgmaeza a ca fpgegfeg àg lgttj`geg, rglfefslae`f j` assg gc rufcf `g stja"fcàrsa cj pfssgbgcgt `gpraeàra pjrta jttgvjoaeta jccj vgtj àc Lfouea.

Gc saetgarf lha lfeùla j` ue iuturf bufe mfvaref àc tarrgtfrgf, pftrabba pjssjra ùe!ua jttrjvarsf

g eufvg prflassg `g àoflrj/gj àcg'arjtg#j f àoflrj/gj gelcusg#j, jc igea `g prfoufvara gc

lfgevfcmgoaetf `grattf àg lgttj`geg eaccj lfsj pubbcglj.

$rjzga jcca taleglha a` jcca oatf`fcfmga !ujcg ifruo, iflus mrfup, getarvgsta a sgstaog `g

lfouegljzgfea, sg pu% !uge`g gelraoaetjra cj lfasgfea sflgjca a pjssjra `jccj prgoj ijsa `g

lfgevfcmgoaetf jccj sullassgvj ijsa `g `gjcfmf a` geigea `g àcgbarjzgfea, pfrtje`f ge !uastf of`fj lfopgoaetf ue pjrzgjca trjsiargoaetf `g pftara àlgsgfejca `jcca gstgtuzgfeg jccj lfouegt.

#juspglgf, lfe`gvgsf ifrtaoaeta `jccj ijslgj pg: mgfvjea àc )jasa, lha uej vfctj jttujtg, !uastg

parlfrsg pjrtalgpjtgvg lfeùljef jc rjmmguemgoaetf `g rgsuctjtg pfsgtgvg a` aiigljlg, stgofcje`f cj

`gslussgfea a cj lfe`gvgsgfea `g gàa, ijlae`f ojmjrg aoarmara jcluea pftaezgjcgt prfmattujcg ojg

lfesgàrjta f jmavfcje`f gc suparjoaetf `g lfeicgttg gàfcfmglg maearjtg prgelgpjcoaeta `j taeàeza

jc !ujcue!ugsof a jccj lrgtglj pralfelattj.


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Lfelcusgfeg

#getaetf `g !uastf acjbfrjtf stjtf !uaccf `g jpprfife`gra g `gvarsg saetgarg pfssgbgcg lha lfeùlfef

jccj oaàsgoj vattj, fssgj gc rjmmguemgoaetf `g uej pfcgtglj tarrgtfrgjca sfstaegbgca par gc lfouea `g

ogj jppjrtaeaezj, fssgj Lfoacglf \upargfra.

)jrtae`f `j uejllurjtj jejcgsg àg ojlrfijttfrg lha ljrjttargzzjef cgetarf lfopcassf jcpgef, a

àcgeaje`f !uacca lha sfef ca ojlrftaeàeza ge jobgtf mafmrjiglf a ofrifcfmglf sg larljtf `g

pfrtjra gc cattfra j` uej ojmmgfra lfefslaezj a lfesjpavfcazzj àcca `gvarsa `gejoglha lha

ljrjttargzzjef a àslrgvfef !uastf tarrgtfrgf. Dgsuctj geijttg ge gspaesjbgca jvara ue bjmjmcgf

lucturjca a` geifrojtgvf lha paroattj `g getrjpraeàra gc saetgarf àccj sfstaegbgcgt, lha ljcjtf ge

`gvarsa ifroa ea lfstgtugsla gc igc rfuma.

Lfoa gc igcf `'rgjeej lfeùla jccuslgtj àc cjbgrgetf, lfs< cj sfstaegbgcgt, getasj lfoa

lfesjpavfcazzj a pjrtalgpjzgfea jttgvj, lfeùla cassara uojef j !uaccj lha rgtaemf pfssj assara cj

strj`j par gc iuturf.

)rfprgf par cgopfrtjezj a` gc rgcgavf jssuetg `j tjca taojtglj, sg rgtaeutf fppfrtuef jpprfife`gra

eac àttjmcgf cavfcuzgfea stfrglj `g tjca lfelattf. \fcf cj lfopraesgfea àg oglrf ijttfrg a àcca

oglrf rajct lha hjeef pfrtjtf ge juma, jmcg jcbfrg àc N7K tjca !uastgfea, sg pfssf lfopraeàra g

rgsuctjtg fttaeutg ge !uastg uctgog jeeg, efelh6 !ujcg sgjef jelfrj g puetg su lug rgicattara a


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sfiiarojrsg. =fpf jvar lfoprasf ca oftgvjzgfeg stfrglf alfefoglha lha hjeef ifrzjtf cj prasj `g

lfesjpavfcazzj lgrlj gc rufcf àccjobgaeta eaccj vgtj àccassara uojef, stjtf pfssgbgca ljcjra

!ujetf aoarsf j cgvaccf tafrglf eacca `gvarsa `glhgjrjzgfeg trjttjta, eaccj rajct lfelratj àg ijttg.

\fef stjtg geijttg jejcgzzjtg jclueg prfmattg sfstaegbgcg prfofssg `j `gvarsa Damgfeg ofetjea, eaccf

spalgiglf jc 1rgucg >aeazgj $gucgj, `jc 0raetgef 'ctf ' gma a `jc >aeatf.0jca pjssjmmgf rgsuctjtf ife`joaetjca par ùa oftgvjzgfeg; `j ue cjtf hj paroassf `g

lfopraeàra oamcgf !ujcg sfef mcg jspattg pg: rgcavjetg !uje`f sg prfmattjef cj sfstaegbgcgt

tarrgtfrgjca, a `jccjctrf hj oassf ge avgàezj gc rufcf lha `gvarsg frmjeg gstgtuzgfejcg hjeef eac

lfrrattf jàopgoaetf àcca pfcgtglha jobgaetjcg.

=gstrglje`f cj lfopcassj ojtjssj lha paroaj gc ofe`f àcca pfcgtglha sfstaegbgcg, a sljcje`f cj

pjrata `g `gsgeifrojzgfea lha rjllhguà ca lfopcassgt àcj taojtglj, stjtf pfssgbgca jrrgvjra j`

jctj !uftj a slaeàra varsf gc saetgarf lha lfeùla jccjejcgsg `g uef spalgiglf tarrgtfrgf, fssgj !uaccfàc ogf lfouea `jppjrtaeaezj.

A` allf lha !uge`g mcg getarrfmjtgvg lha hjeef og hjeef pfrtjtf j` gegzgjra !uastf cjvfrf, a lha frj

tfrejef j ijrsg pg: prassjetg, a trfvjef ge !uastj saà pfssgbgcgt `g rgspfstj. fe sjr cjrrfmjezj `g

vfcar lfefslara cj vgj, e6 tjetfoaef cj prasuezgfea `g sjpara lfsj sgj gc mgustf a lfsj efe sgj, j

mug`jra cj rglarlj `g rgspfsta, baes< cj vfcfet a cj iarraj lfevgezgfea lha gc cufmf ge lug vgvgjof

oargtg bae pg: àccge`giiaraezj àccf slfrrara àc taopf.

0rjcjslgje`f cj igcfsfigj a cj pjssgfea lha og hjeef igefrj mug`jtf eaccj stasurj, pfssf jiiarojra

lha gc tarrgtfrgf àc lfouea `g Lfoacglf \upargfra bae sg prastj jccjppcgljzgfea àc ofàccf àccf

svgcuppf sfstaegbgca, ge !ujetf rgllf `g rgsfrsa ejturjcg a` jobgaetjcg.

>j `j s6 lha tjca jppcgljzgfea pfssj assara àlcgejtj ge pg: vjrgjbgcg `jcca `gvarsa siuojtura,

je`je`f j tflljra pcurgog jobgtg jppcgljtgvg !ujcg;

#a rgsfrsa ifrastjcg,

#a rgsfrsa g`rglha,

#a rgsfrsa gearaetg jc iftfvfctjglf a jc bgfmjs,

Gc turgsof sfstaegbgca.

] ife`joaetjca sfttfcgeajra lfoa cjttujzgfea a cj vjcfrgzzjzgfea `g tjcg ijttfrg paroattarabba jelha

`g jllraslara a ogmcgfrjra gc rufcf àcca gstgtuzgfeg cfljcg, efe par !ujetf rgmujr`j gc Lfouea, oj

jelha par ca Damfca `g lfouegfea ijogcgjra. =j !ujetf àttf eac tarzf ljpgtfcf `g !uastf acjbfrjtf

geijttg, gc rufcf a` gc pftara àcca Damfca ife`joaetjca eaccj mastgfea àc tarrgtfrgf aeaccjoogegstrjzgfea àg ife`g lha ea lfesaetfef ue lfrrattf svgcuppf.


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j cj stasurj a cj lrajzgfea `g ue pgjef `getarvaetf sfstaegbgca efe sfef cfstjlfcf pg: mrjeà par

cj rajcgzzjzgfea `g uef svgcuppf ofetjef lfaraeta lfe !ujetf àttf. ftgvjzgfeg stfrglha,

alfefoglha a sflgf9lucturjcg pfrtjef mcg jbgtjetg `g Lfoacglf \upargfra j` assara pflf prfpaesg jc

ljobgjoaetf a jccgeefvjzgfea. #j ofàregzzjzgfea geijttg caetj, `jc ofoaetf lha gopfea `g

cjslgjra gc trj`gzgfejca, par aspcfrjra `gvarsa sfcuzgfeg pfssgbgcg `g lug efe sg pu% sjparajprgfrgstgljoaeta gc rgsuctjtf. ] !uge`g cgelartazzj a cj pflj ojtargjcgt `g !uaccf lha pftrabba

assara, cj ljusj àc ojeljtf jpprfllgf jc ofe`f àccj sfstaegbgcgt.

A` prfprgf !ug lha aetrjef ge mgflf ca eufva ifroa `g a-àoflrjl& a pjrtalgpjzgfea jttgvj

pubbcglj, lha lfesaetgrabbarf `g trjsiargra pjrta àc pftara àlgsgfejca `jcca gstgtuzgfeg jg lgttj`geg,

lfesaetae`f jelha gc icugra àcca geifrojzgfeg a àcca lfefslaeza ealassjrga.

\jpar jslfctjraca asgmaeza a ca fpgegfeg àg lgttj`geg, rglfefslae`f j` assg gc rufcf `g stja"fcàra

cj pfssgbgcgt `g praeàra pjrta jttgvjoaeta jccj vgtj àccj lfouegt, jssuoa uej pfsgzgfea `g rgcgavf.Gc saetgarf lha lfeùla j` ue iuturf bufe mfvaref àc tarrgtfrgf, pu: pjssjra ùe!ua jttrjvarsf g

eufvg prflassg `g àoflrj/gj àcg'arjtg#j f àoflrj/gj gelcusg#j, jc igea `g prfoufvara gc

lfgevfcmgoaetf `grattf àg lgttj`geg eaccj lfsj pubbcglj.

#juspglgf, lfe`gvgsf ifrtaoaeta `jccj ijslgj pg: mgfvjea àc pjasa, lha uej vfctj jttujtg, !uastg

parlfrsg pjrtalgpjtgvg lfeùljef jc rjmmguemgoaetf `g rgsuctjtg pfsgtgvg a` aiigljlg. Lfoa `gla

#a5jes/R;

j àcgbarjzgfea ue prflassf lha ogrj j maearjra ue lfesaesf geifrojtf, jttrjvarsf gc oatf`f`gjcfmglf, lha `fvrabba pfrtjra j àlgsgfeg igejcg ljrjttargzzjta `j ue lfesaesf rjzgfejca a ojturf +.

Lfelcu`f prfpfeae`f j vfg cattfrg !uastuctgof getarrfmjtgvf; rguslgr ojg cufof j `gvaetjrajelhassf sfstaegbgca, lfesgàrje`f gc tarrgtfrgf ge lug vgva lfoa lfopjmef `g vgtj lfe gc !ujcalraslara a` gevallhgjra

Tesi di Laurea"Percorsi di sviluppo e prospettive sostenibili in montagna: Comelico Superiore tra...

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