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Case Digests: Wills & Succession

ATUN v. NUEZ

GR No.L-8018, October 26, 1955

87 PHIL 762

FACTS: Estefania Atun died without any issue leaving in the possession of the plaintiffs, her neices and nephews, a parcel of

land. Such land was delivered by plaintiff Gil Atun to Silvestra Nuez (sister of defendant-appellee Eusebio Nuez) for

cultivation, for which Silvestra paid the Atuns a part of the harvest as rental. In 1940, Silvestra turned over the land to

defendant Eusebio Nuez, who thereafter refused to recognize plaintiffs' ownership or to deliver their share of the produce.

The defendant turn sold the land to his co-defendant Diego Belga, who took the property with the knowledge that it belonged,

not to Nuez, but to plaintiffs. There was no prior judicial declaration, however, that the plaintiffs were the legal heirs of the

decedent.

ISSUE: Has plaintiffs the right to recover the property as a successor of the decedent?

HELD: Yes. In the instant case, as the land in question still stands registered in the name of Estefania Atun, now deceased, the

present owners thereof would be her legal heirs. It is of record that Estefania Atun died without any issue or ascendants and

left as her only surviving heirs the children of her brother Nicolas, plaintiffs herein; and the rule is settled that the legal heirs of

a deceased may file an action arising out of a right belonging to their ancestor, without a separate judicial declaration of their

status as such, provided there is no pending special proceeding for the settlement of the decedent's estate.

LEDESMA v. MCLACHLIN

GR No.L-44837, November 23, 1938

66 PHIL 547

FACTS: Lorenzo Quitco, died in 1930, leaving defendant Mclachlin and her children as heirs. Plaintiff Ana Ledesma,

spurious/illegitimate child of Lorenzo Quitco, and her mother, sued to declare her as compulsory heir which the court however

denied. Two years later, Lorenzo's father Eusebio died, and because he left some personal and real properties without a will, an

intestate proceeding was instituted and a court order declaring his compulsory heirs did not of course include Ana as one.

Following such court action, the plaintiff proceeded to collect the sum payable on a promissory note then issued in favor of her

by Lorenzo by filing a claim in the intestate proceedings of Eusebio's Estate claiming that the sum be paid out of the properties

inherited by the defendants represents that of the successional rights of Lorenzo as a compulsory heir of his father Eusebio.

ISSUE: Has plaintiff the right collect the sum promised by her father from her grandfather's estate?
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HELD: No. The properties inherited by the defendants from their deceased grandfather by representation are not subject to the

payment of debts and obligations of their deceased father, who died without leaving any property. While it is true that under

the provisions of Articles 924 to 927 of the Civil Code, a child presents his father or mother who died before him in the

properties of his grandfather or grandmother, this right of representation does not make the said child answerable for the

obligations contracted by his deceased father or mother, because, as may be seen from the provisions of the Code of Civil

Procedure referring to partition of inheritances, the inheritance is received with the benefit of inventory, that is to say, the heirs

only answer with the properties received from their predecessor. The herein defendants, as heirs of Eusebio Quitco, inrepresentation of their father Lorenzo M. Quitco, are not bound to pay the indebtedness of their father from whom they did

not inherit anything.

LIMJOCO v. INTESTATE ESTATE OF PEDRO FRAGRANTE

GR No.L-770, April 27, 1948

80 PHIL 776

FACTS: Petitioner opposed the issuance by the Public Service Commission of a certificate of public convenience to install,maintain and operate an ice plant in San Juan to the respondent despite his demise, contending that the Commission erred in

allowing the substitution of the legal representative of the estate of Pedro O. Fragante for the latter as party applicant in the

case then pending before the commission, and in subsequently granting to said estate the certificate applied for, which is said

to be in contravention of law.

ISSUE: Is the decision of the Commission correct and with basis?

HELD: Yes. If the respondent had not died, there can be no question that he would have had the right to prosecute his

application before the commission to its final conclusion. No one would have denied him that right... The aforesaid right ofrespondent to prosecute said application to its conclusion was one which by its nature did not lapse through his death. Hence,

it constitutes a part of the assets of his estate, for which right was a property despite the possibility that in the end the

commission might have denied his application, although under the facts of the case, the commission granted the application in

view of the financial ability of the estate to maintain and operate the ice plant.

USON v. DEL ROSARIO

GR No.L-4963, January 29, 1953

92 PHIL 530

FACTS: Faustino Nebreda died in 1945 leaving as an only heir his estranged wife Maria Uson, the petitioner. The latter sued to

recover the ownership and possession of five parcels of land occupied by defendant Maria del Rosario, decedent's common-

law-spouse and her children. As a defense, defendant presented a deed of separation agreed upon and signed Faustino and

Uson containing among others an statement giving a parcel of land to Uson as an alimony and the latter renouncing her rights

to any inheritance from Faustino.

The defendant also contends that while it is true that the four minor defendants are illegitimate children of the decedent and


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not a creditor of a deceased, testate or intestate, has no right to intervene either in the proceedings brought in connection with

the estate or in the settlement of the succession. The foregoing pronouncements are perfectly applicable to the case at bar,

because the appellant is not a creditor of the deceased Agustin Montilla, Sr. and he seeks to collect his claim out of the

inheritance of Claudio Montilla, an heir, before the net assets of the intestate estate have been determined.

DE GUZMAN vda. DE CARRILLO v. DE PAZ

GR No.L-4133, May 13, 1952

91 PHIL 265

FACTS: A lot had been mortgaged by spouses Severino Salak and Petra Garcia to Pedro Magat; the latter then assigned the

mortgage to Honoria Salak. After the death Petra, Severino transferred 1/2 of his rights to the property to Honoria for the sum

representing 1/2 of the consideratioin paid by her to the mortgagees Magat. Severino later died leaving the defendants as

heirs. Honoria also died, with the plaintiff as heir. Intestate proceedings were instituted for the settlement and distribution of

the estate of the deceased Severino and Petra, including the lot in question which was adjudicated, after proper proceedings in

favor of the defendants. Plaintiff sued for reconveyance of the 1/2 of the portion of the lot in her favor as heir of Honoria.

ISSUE: May the petition prosper?

HELD: No. The property now sought to be recovered from the defendants was adjudicated in their favor after all claims,

indebtedness and obligations chargeable against the intestate estate of the deceased Severino Salak and Petra Garcia had been

all paid and accounted for out of the estate of the deceased; so that, in the eyes of the law, the properties now in the hands of

the defendants are presumed to be free from all claims whatsoever. The claim of the plaintiff set up in the complaint should

have been interposed during the pendency and progress of Special Proceeding No. 3; but plaintiff not having done so, she

cannot now bring this action against the defendants, for it is clear that there exists no privity of contract between plaintiff anddefendants upon which plaintiff can predicate her action against the present defendants.

IBARLE v. PO

GR No.L-5064, February 27, 1953

92 PHIL 721

FACTS: Leonardo Winstanley died leaving a parcel of land to his surviving spouse Catalina Navarro and some minor children.

Catalina sold the entire parcel of land to Maria Canoy who later sold the same land to the plaintiff Bienvenido Ibarle. After

some time, after her appointment as guardian of her minor children, Catalina again sold 1/2 of the land in question, which

portion now belonged to the children as heirs, to herein defendant Esperanza Po.

ISSUE: Which sale was valid, and who has the rightful c laim to the property?


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HELD: The sale to defendant is valid. Article 657 of the old Civil Code provides: "The rights to the succession of a person are

transmitted from the moment of his death." in a slightly different language, this article is incorporated in the new Civil Code as

article 777.

The above provision and comment make it clear that when Catalina Navarro Vda. de Winstanley sold the entire parcel to the

Canoy spouses, one-half of it already belonged to the seller's children. No formal or judicial declaration being needed to

confirm the children's title, it follows that the first sale was null and void in so far as it included the children's share.

On the other hand, the sale to the defendant having been made by authority of the competent court was undeniably legal andeffective. The fact that it has not been recorded is of no consequence. If registration were necessary, still the non-registration

would not avail the plaintiff because it was due to no other cause than his own opposition.

OSORIO v. OSORIO

GR No.L-10474, March 29, 1916

41 PHIL 531

FACTS: Francisco Osorio y Garcia filed a written complaint alleging that he is a natural son of one Francisco Osorio y Reyes whodied in 1896; and that he had been in continuous possession of the status of natural son of said Osorio y Reyes, as proven by

direct acts of the latter and of his family; that the defendant Soledad Osorio, lawful daughter and lawful heir of said Osorio y

Reyes, be ordered to recognize the plaintiff as a natural son of said Osorio y Reyes, and is entitled to share in his father's estate;

and, furthermore, that said defendant be ordered to furnish subsistence to plaintiff in such amount as the court might deem

proper to fix. The evidence offered relating to the fact of filiation of Osorio y Garcia to Osorio Reyes is strong and

unimpeachable, so that the court found the legitimacy of claim of Osorio y Garcia to be properly established.

ISSUE: Has plaintiff the right to be recognized as co-heir and be entitled to the rights appertaining to his deceased father's

estate?

HELD: Yes. Recognition of the child as a natural child must be made if he has been in continuous possession of his filiation,

proven by the attendance of his father at his baptism, in the certificate in which his name and that of his mother appear,

though the document contains errors, and by his father's statement to various friends that the boy was his natural son, and by

his father's always having attended to the care, education and support of his son.

So that the plaintiff, Francisco Osorio y Garcia, according to the facts proven in this case and the law on the subject, is entitled

to have his half sister Soledad Osorio, a legitimate daughter of the father of both of them, recognize him as being the natural,

recognized son of Francisco Osorio y Reyes and as entitled to the rights granted him by law in respect to his deceased father's

estate, all of which is in possession of the defendant spouses.

RAMIREZ v. BALTAZAR

GR No.L-25049, August 30, 1968

22 SCRA 918


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FACTS: Victoriana Eguaras, single, mortgaged a real estate to spouses Baltazar, defendants in this case. Upon demise of

Victoriana, the mortgagees, as creditors of the deceased, filed a petition for the intestate proceedings of Victoriana's estate,

alleging further that plaintiffs Felimon and Monica Ramirez are heirs of the deceased. Felimon was later appointed as

adminstrator but did not qualify so that Artemio Diawan was appointed as judicial administrator of the estate. The mortgagees

then filed a foreclosure of the property in question and succeeded, after Diawan failed to file an answer against the petition.

The foreclosure sale ensued, the property was bought by the mortgagees themselves and the sale was confirmed by the court.

Felimon sued for the annulment of the entire foreclosure proceedings, alleging among others the failure of the judicialadministrator to protect their interests. Defendants contended that plaintiffs have no legal capacity to sue and hava no cause of

action.

ISSUE: Have plaintiffs the cause of action against the defendant?

HELD: Yes. There is no question that the rights to succession are automatically transmitted to the heirs from the moment of the

death of the decedent. While, as a rule, the formal declaration or recognition to such successional rights needs judicial

confirmation, this Court has, under special circumstances, protected these rights from encroachments made or attempted

before the judicial declaration. In Pascual vs. Pascual, it was ruled that although heirs have no legal standing in court upon thecommencement of testate or intestate proceedings, this rule admits of an exception as "when the administrator fails or refuses

to act in which event the heirs may act in his place."

DE BORJA v. MENCIAS

GR No.L-20609, September 29, 1966

21 SCRA 1133

FACTS: Petitioners Juan De Borja et al. petitioned for the reversal of the order of Judge Mencias, denying their petition cause

the sale of the properties levied upon to satisfy the money judgment in a civil case rendered in favor of petitioners against

respondent Crisanto de Borja. Petitioners levied aganst the rights, interest and

participation which Crisanto de Borja had in certain real properties, as an heir of the decedents Josefa Tangco and Francisco de

Borja, whose estates were then pending settlement in Special Proceedings Nos. F-7866 and 1955 of the aforementioned court,

respectively.

this Court hereby holds that whatever interest, claim or right which Crisanto de Borja may have in the testate estate of Josefa

Tangco and in the intestate estate of Francisco de Borja are subject to attachment and execution for the purpose of satisfying

the money judgment rendered against the said heir

ISSUE: May the sale of the property levied for execution proceed?

HELD: The above question must be answered in the affirmative, provided it is understood that the sale shall be only of

whatever rights, interest and participation may be adjudicated to said heir as a result of the final settlement of the estates, and

that delivery thereof to the judgment creditor or to the purchaser at the public sale thereof shall be made only after the final

settlement of the estates and in the manner provided by the legal provision mentioned above.


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RODRIGUEZ v. DE BORJA

GR No.L-21993, June 21, 1966

17 SCRA 418

FACTS: Private respondents Apolonia Pangilinan and Adelaida Jacalan delivered to the Clerk of Court of Bulacan a purported last

will and testament of Fr. Rodriguez, meanwhile the petitioners filed a petition before the court to examine the purported will

but which was later withdrawn, and a petition for the settlement of the intestate estate of Fr. Rodriguez was subsequently field

in a another court in Rizal. The petitioners now sought the dismissal of the special proceeding on the settlement of the

decedent's estate based on the purported will, questioning therefore the jurisdiction of CFI Bulacan.

ISSUE: Does CFI Bulacan have jurisdiction to proceed with the testate proceedings?

HELD: Yes. The jurisdiction of the Court of First Instance of Bulacan became vested upon the delivery thereto of the will of the

late Father Rodriguez, even if no petition for its allowance was filed until later, because upon the will being deposited the court

could, motu proprio, have taken steps to fix the time and place for proving the will, and issued the corresponding notices

conformably to what is prescribed by section 3, Rule 76, of the Revised Rules of Court. Moreover, aside from the rule that the

Court first taking cognizance of the settlement of the estate of a decedent shall exercise jurisdiction to the exclusion of all other

courts, intestate succession is only subsidiary or subordinate to the testate, since intestacy only takes place in the absence of a

valid operative will.

CHAVEZ v. IACGR No. L-68282, November 8, 1990

FACTS: Manuela Buenavista assigned her paraphernal property in equal pro-diviso among her 6 children, while possession of

such property still remains with her. Three of her children sold each their share to private respondent Concepcion,

consolidating 4/6 portion thereof. Deeds of sale were therefor executed with the conformity of Manuela. Despite such

transfers, the latter sold the entire property to one of the siblings, herein petitioner Raquel Chavez. Respondent sued for the

annulment of the later sale to Raquel which was denied by the trail court but which later decision overturned by the Court of

Appeals. On appeal, petitioner also contends that their mother has left a last will and this will supercedes the earlier transfers.

ISSUE: Is partition inter-vivos, and sale based on such partition valid? Does a last will supercede that of the partition inter-vivos?

HELD: Yes. When a person makes a partition by will, it is imperative that such partition must be executed in accordance with

the provisions of the law on wills; however, when a person makes the partition of his estate by an act inter vivos, such partition

may even be oral or written, and need not be in the form of a will, provided that the partition does not prejudice the legitime of

compulsory heirs. xxx The Deeds of Sale are not contracts entered into with respect to future inheritance but a contract


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perfected and consummated during the lifetime of Manuela Buenavista who signed the same and gave her consent thereto.

Such partition inter vivos, executed by the property owner herself, is valid.

It would be unjust and inequitable to allow Manuela Buenavista Vda. de Chavez to revoke the sales she herself authorized as

well as the sale she herself executed in favor of her son only to execute a simulated sale in favor of her daughter Raquel who

had already profited from the sale she made of the property she had received in the partition inter vivos.

NERI v. AKUTIN

GR No.L-47799, May 21, 1943

74 PHIL 185

FACTS: This is a case where the testator Agripino Neri in his will left all his property by universal title to the children by his

second marriage, the herein respondents, with omission of the children by his first marriage, the herein petitioner. The

omission of the heirs in the will was contemplated by the testator with the belief that he had already given each of the childrenportion of the inheritance, particularly a land he had abandoned was occupied by the respondents over which registration was

denied for it turned out to be a public land, and an aggregate amount of money which the respondents were indebted to their

father.

ISSUE: Should there be cancellation of the will, in view of the omission of heirs? Is there disinheritance in this case?

HELD: Yes. The Court annulled the institution of heirs and declared a total intestacy on the ground that testator left all his

property by universal title to the children by his second marriage, without expressly disinheriting the children by his first

marriage but upon the erroneous belief that he had given them already more shares in his property than those given to thechildren by his second marriage. Disinheritance made without a statement of the cause, if contested, shall annul the institution

of heirs in so far as it is prejudicial to the disinherited person. This is but a case of preterition which annuls the institution of

heirs.

BARANDA v. BARANDA

GR No.73275 May 20, 1987

FACTS: Paulina Baranda died without issue, but before her demise, two of her supposed heirs, the herein respondents

Evangelina and Elisa Baranda, have already taken possession of 6 parcels of land and caused the transfer of such by virtue of

questionable sales which the late widow had also sought the reconveyance which did not however materialized. The

petitioners, siblings of the decedent, now sought the annulment of the supposed sale or transfers. Respondents question the

petitioners legal standing, them being not a party-in-interest in the deed of sale.


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ISSUE: Can the petitioners impugn the validity of the sales?

HELD: This Court has repeatedly held that "the legal heirs of a decedent are the parties in interest to commence ordinary

actions arising out of the rights belonging to the deceased, without separate judicial declaration as to their being heirs of said

decedent, provided that there is no pending special proceeding for the settlement of the decedent's estate.

There being no pending special proceeding for the settlement of Paulina Baranda's estate, the petitioners, as her intestate

heirs, had the right to sue for the reconveyance of the disputed properties, not to them, but to the estate itself of the decedent,

for distribution later in accordance with law. Otherwise, no one else could question the simulated sales and the subjects

thereof would remain in the name of the alleged vendees, who would thus have been permitted to benefit from their

deception, In fact, even if it were assumed that those suing through attorneys-in-fact were not properly represented, the

remaining petitioners would still have sufficed to impugn the validity of the deeds of sale.

BALAIS v. BALAISGR No.L-33924, March 18, 1988

159 SCRA 47

FACTS: On an action for recovery of real property filed by the respondents, spurious children of the late Escolastico Balais who

died in 1948, against the petitioners, legitimate children of the deceased, the trial court decreed reconveyance of the portion of

the property belonging to the legitime and further declaring partition that sent 1/4 portion of the legitime to the respondents.

Petitioners come now questioning the partition and seeking the reconveyance of the 1/4 share that went to the spurious

children, relying on the provisions of the old civil code, and thereby questioning the competence and jurisdiction of the trial

court,

ISSUE: Is the court competent to decree the partition, without it being asked in the complaint? Could the provisions of the new

civil code be applied over a case which occurs prior to its effectivity?

HELD: 1. Yes. The court acquired jurisdiction by estoppel. It must be noted that, in spite of the broad challenge the appellants

present against the jurisdiction of the trial court to order the distribution of the property, they, in reality, question only that

part of the decision awarding a one-fourth part of the property to the illegitimate children of the deceased, upon the ground

that under the old Civil Code illegitimate children other than natural enjoyed no successionary rights. They do not contest the

delivery of the estate to the deceased's widow or to themselves in the proportions decreed by the court.

2. No. The court erred in applying the provisions of the new code. But as stated, the error of the court notwithstanding, the

case is a closed chapter, the decision having been rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction, have become final and

executory. A decision, no matter how erroneous, becomes the law of the case between the parties upon attaining finality.

CONDE v. ABAYA

GR No.L-4275, March 23, 1909

13 PHIL 249


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MONTINOLA v. HERBOSA

FACTS: Montinola filed an action against the heirs of Dr. Jose Rizal for recovery of possession of personal property (the RIZAL

RELICS) allegedly sold to him by Doa Trinidad Rizal. The trial court held that neither party is entitled to the possession of such

property, relying principally on the fact that in Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adios, there is a line where Rizal bequeathed all his property to

the Filipino people. The court argued that the handwritten work of Rizal constitutes a holographic will giving the State all his

property.

ISSUE: Does Mi Ultimo Adios constitute a last will?

HELD: No. An instrument which merely expresses a last wish as a thought or advice but does not contain a disposition of

property, and executed without Animus Standi cannot be legally considered a will. Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adios is but a literary piece

of work, and was so intended. It may be considered a will in a grammatical sense but not in a legal or juridical sense. Moreover,it also lacks the requirements of a holographic will such as a statement of the year month and day of its execution and his

signature.

MERZA v. PORRAS

GR No.L-4888, May 25, 1953

93 PHIL 142

FACTS: Pilar Montealegre died leaving a will (Exhibit A) and a so-called codicil (Exhibit B), disinheriting her husband Pedro Porrasand some of her relatives. The two documents were submitted to probate but were denied by the trial court, upon the grounds

such as the defect of the attestation clause on Exh. A and that Exh. cannot be considered a codicil for it was executed by the

testator a day before Exhibit A, thus it cannot be included in the probate proceedings.

ISSUE: Should a document, expressly disinheriting certain heirs, executed by the testator prior to a supposed last will, be

probated?

HELD: Yes. The trial court and the CA is correct that Exhibit B having been executed one day before Exhibit A could not be

considered as a codicil "because a codicil, as the word implies, is only an addition to, or modification of, the will." The Court ofAppeals added that "the contents of Exhibit B are couched in the language ordinarily used in a simple affidavit and as such, may

not have the legal effect and force to a testamentary disposition."

However, Exhibit B does partake of the nature of a will. A will is defined in article 667 of the Civil code of Spain as "the act by

which a person dispose of all his property or a portion of it," and in article 783 of the new Civil Code as "an act whereby a

person is permitted, with the formalities prescribed by law, to control to a certain degree the disposition of his estate, to take

effect after his death. Exhibit B comes within this definition.


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CASTAEDA v. ALEMANY

GR No.1439, March 19, 1904

3 PHIL 426

FACTS: Appellant constested the validity of the will of Doa Juana Moreno upon the ground that although the attestation clause

in the will states that the testator signed the will in the presence of three witnesses who also each signed in each presence, the

will was not actually written by the testator.

ISSUE: Is it necessary that a will be written by the testator herself?

HELD: No. Section 618 of the Civil Code requires (1) that the will be in writing and (2) either that the testator sign it himself or, if

he does not sign it, that it be signed by some one in his presence and by his express direction. Who does the mechanical work

of writing the will is a matter of indifference. The fact, therefore, that in this case the will was typewritten in the office of thelawyer for the testratrix is of no consequence.

MICIANO v. BRIMO

GR No.L-22595, November 1, 1927

50 PHIL 867

FACTS: Joseph Brimo, a Turkish national, died leaving a will which one of the clauses states that the law of the Philippines shall

govern the partition and not the law of his nationality, and that legatees have to respect the will, otherwise the dispositionsaccruing to them shall be annulled. By virtue of such condition, his brother, Andre Brimo, an instituted heir was thus excluded

because, by his action of having opposed the partition scheme, he did not respect the will. Andre sued contending that the

conditions are void being contrary to law which provides that the will shall be probated according to the laws of the nationality

of the decedent.

ISSUE: Is the condition as set by the testator valid?

HELD: No. A foreigner's will to the effect that his properties shall be distributed in accordance with Philippine law and not with

his national law, is illegal and void, for his national law cannot be ignored in regard to those matters that Article 10 of the CivilCode states said national law should govern. Said condition then, in the light of the legal provisions above cited, is considered

unwritten, and the institution of legatees in said will is unconditional and consequently valid and effective even as to the herein

oppositor.

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CIR vs. CA

UNGAB vs. CUSI
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egal.blogspot.com/2012/07/case-digests-wills-succession.html?view=classichttp://antslegal.blogspot.com/http://antslegal.blogspot.com/


14/28

Punsalan vs. Mun. Board of City of Manila

Lutz vs. Araneta

Gomez vs. Palomar

North Camarines vs. CIR

Philex Mining vs CIR

Philippiine Guaranty Inc. vs. CIR

Phil. Bank of Communications vs. CIR

Reyes vs. Almanzor

Marcos II vs. CA

Davao Gulf Lumber vs. CIR

CIR vs. YMCA

Commissioner vs. Algue, Inc.

CIR vs. CA, Citytrust Banking Corp.

Vera vs. Fernandez

CIR vs. Pineda

ESSO Standard vs. Acting Commissioner of Customs

Villegas vs. Hiu Chiong

Osmea vs. Orbos

Pepsi-Cola vs. Municipality of Tanauan

Pepsi-Cola vs. City of Butuan

Board of Assessment Appeals vs. CTA

Atlas Consolidated vs. CIR

Commissioner vs. BOAC

Pascual vs. Secretary of Public Works

Bagatsing vs. Ramirez

City of Baguio vs. De Leon
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12/07/north-camarines-vs-cir.htmlhttp://antslegal.blogspot.com/2012/07/gomez-v.htmlhttp://antslegal.blogspot.com/2012/07/lutz-vs-araneta.htmlhttp://antslegal.blogspot.com/2012/07/punsalan-vs-mun-board-of-city-of-manila.html


15/28

Tio vs. VRB

Case Digests: Taxation I (add'l)

Case Digests: Wills & Succession

Case Digests: Taxation i

digests: credit transactions

2

memoirs of the colony

Case Digests: Labor Law

CALALANG v. WILLIAMS, 70 PHIL 726, GR No. 47800, December 2, 1940

FACTS: The National Traffic Commission resolved that animal-drawn vehicles be prohibited from passing along some major

streets such a Rizal Ave. in Manila for a period of one year from the date of the opening of the Colgante Bridge to traffic. The

Secretary of Public Works approved the resolution on August 10,1940. The Mayor of Manila and the Acting Chief of Police of

Manila have enforced the rules and regulation. As a consequence, all animal-drawn vehicles are not allowed to pass and pick up

passengers in the places above mentioned to the detriment not only of their owners but of the riding public as well.

ISSUE: Does the rule infringe upon the constitutional precept regarding the promotion of social justice? What is Social Justice?

HELD: No. The regulation aims to promote safe transit and avoid obstructions on national roads in the interest and

convenience of the public. Persons and property may be subject to all kinds of restraints and burdens in order to secure the

general comfort, health, and prosperity of the State. To this fundamental aims of the government, the rights of the individual

are subordinated.
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16/28

Social justice is neither communism, nor despotism, nor atomism, nor anarchy, but the humanization of laws and the

equalization of social and economic forces by the State so that justice in its rational and objectively secular conception may at

least be approximated. Social justice means the promotion of the welfare of all the people, the adoption by the Government of

measures calculated to insure economic stability of all the competent elements of society, through the maintenance of a

proper economic and social equilibrium in the interrelations of the members of the community, constitutionally, through the

adoption of measures legally justifiable, or extra-constitutionally, through the exercise of powers underlying the existence of all

governments on the time-honored principles of Salus Populi est Suprema Lex.(Justice Laurel)

CASTOR-GARUPA v. ECC, 487 SCRA 171

FACTS: Petitioner is resident physician in a hospital in Negros Oriental, who was diagnosed of a kidney disease. After having her

kidney transplant, she filed a work-related sickness compensation claim with the respondent ECC through the GSIS, which

denied the same, arguing that the disease she contracted is not listed among the occupational diseases determined by them to

be compensable as work-related sickness. Petitioner appealed contending that the bacteria causing the disease was contractedwhile being employed in the hospital since symptoms have already manifested since 1994, and relying upon the theory that her

employment poses an increased risk in contracting the diseases.

ISSUE: Is the contention of the petitioner correct?

HELD: Yes. In determining whether an injury or sickness is work-related or not, what the law requires is reasonable work

connection, not a direct causal connection. It is observed that the WCL has not ceased to be a social legislation, hence liberality

of the law in the form of the workingman or woman still prevails.

GSIS v. VALENCIANO, 487 SCRA 109

FACTS: While being an employee of the Philippine Ports Authority, respondent was inflicted with tuberculosis, hypertension

and diabetes. He then filed with the petitioner Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) a claim for compensation benefits

under PD No. 626. However, petitioner denied the respondents claim on the ground that the ailments are not considered

occupational diseases, and there is no clear evidence, such as medical records, showing that he contracted the diseases during

his work or his duties have increased the risk of contracting said ailments. Petitioner rejected respondent's contention thatthere is probability of contracting TB with the kind of job the respondent has.

ISSUE: How should PD 626 be applied with respect to determining compensability of work-related diseases?


17/28

HELD: A social legislation should interpreted liberally. In applying liberality in the interpretation of Workmen's Compensation

Law, the degree of proof required by the law is such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind may accept to support a

conclusion. Probability, not certainty, is the touchstone. Any doubt on this matter has to be interpreted in favor of the

employees considering that PD 626 is a social legislation.

PRIMICIAS v. FUGUSO, 80 PHIL 71

FACTS: Mayor Fuguso refused to grant the petitioner and his party a permit to hold a public meeting at Plaza Miranda, based on

a city ordinance which grants the mayor the discretion to regulate such conduct of public assemblies, as a lawful exercise of

police power.

ISSUE: What is police power? How was it supposed to be exercised by the Manila City Officials?

HELD: Police Power is the power of the State to enact laws and prescribe regulations that will promote the health, morals,

education, good order, safety, and general welfare of the People. However, in the exercise of police power the council may, in

its discretion, regulate the exercise of such rights in a reasonable manner, but cannot suppress them, directly or indirectly, by

attempting to commit the power of doing so to the mayor or any other officer. The ordinance grants the mayor the power to

regulate as to how, when and where a public assembly should be held, but not the discretion to refuse the grant of such permit

to derogate the right of the petitioner to peaceably assemble and seek redress against the government.

PASEI v DRILON, 163 SCRA 386

FACTS: The Department of Labor and Employment issued an order suspending the deployment of Filipino domestic and

household workers, in view of the heightened abuses committed against OFWs abroad. The petitioner, a local recruitment

agency, petitioned for the invalidation of such order for alleged violation of equal protection clause.

ISSUE: Is the deployment ban a valid exercise of police power? What is police power?

HELD: Yes, the deployment ban of domestic helpers is a valid exercise of police power. Police Power is the inherent power of

the State to enact legislation that may interfere with personal liberty and property in order to promote the general welfare.


18/28

CAPITOL MEDICAL CENTER (CMC) v. MERIS,

FACTS: Petitioner closed its industrial service unit due to alleged loss and extinct demand resulting to the termination of the

employment of the respondent. The latter filed an illegal dismissal case but the same was denied by the labor arbiter, and

subsequently by the NLRC contending that the same is part of the management prerogative.

ISSUE: Has employer the right to close its business even without basis resulting to the displacement of the worker?

HELD: No. Employers are also accorded with rights and privileges to assure their self-determination and independence and

reasonable return of capital. This mass of privileges is called management prerogatives. Although they may be broad and

unlimited in scope, the State has the right to determine whether an employer's privilege is exercised in a manner that complies

with the legal requirements and does not offend the protected rights of labor.

BREWMASTER INTERNATIONAL INC. v. NAFLU

FACTS: Private respondent Estrada is a member of the respondent labor union. He did not report for work for 1 month due to a

grave family problem as his wife deserted him and nobody was there to look after his children. He was required to explain.

Finding his reasons to be unjustified, the petitioner terminated him, since according to company rules, absence for 6

consecutive days is considered abandonment of work.

ISSUE: Should a worker be summarily dismissed relying on some company rules?

HELD: No. While the employer is not precluded from prescribing rules and regulations to govern the conduct of his employees,

these rules and their implementation must be fair, just and reasonable. No less than the Constitution looks with compassion on

the workingman and protects his rights not only under a general statement of a state policy but under the Article on Social

Justice and Human Rights, thus placing labor contracts on a higher plane and with greater safeguards. Verily, relations between

labor and capital are not merely contractual. They are impressed with public interest and labor contracts must, perforce, yield

to the common good.

JAMER v. NLRC

FACTS: Petitioners are cashiers of Isetann Department Store who were dismissed for having accumulated shortages. Petitioners

admitted this in their affidavits. The labor arbiter ruled them having been illegally dismissed. The NLRC reversed the ruling.


19/28

ISSUE: Were the petitioners validly dismissed?

HELD: Yes. The failure of the petitioners to report to the management the irregularities constitute "fraud or willful breach of

the trust reposed in them by their employer or duly authorized representative"--one of the just causes of valid termination of

employment. The employer cannot be compelled to retain employees who were guilty of malfeasance as their continued

employment will be prejudicial to the former's best interest. The law, in protecting the rights of the employees, authorizes

neither oppression nor self-destruction of the employer.

GANDARA MILL SUPPLY v. NLRC

FACTS: Private respondent Silvestre Germane did not report for work because his wife delivered their first child. He did not

however notify his employer, causing a disruption in the business of the latter. When the respondent returned to work he was

surprised upon knowing that someone has been hired to take his place.

ISSUE: Was there a case of illegal dismissal?

HELD: Yes. It appeared that the respondent was illegally dismissed. While a prolonged absence without leave may constitute as

a just cause for dismissal, its illegality stems from the non-observance of due process. Applying the WenPhil Doctrine by

analogy, where dismissal was not preceded by the twin requirement of notice and hearing, the illegality of the dismissal in

question, is under heavy clouds and therefore illegal.

PHIL MOVIE PICTURES WORKERS ASSOC. v. PREMIERE PRODUCTIONS, 92 PHIL 843

FACTS: Respondent filed 2 petitions with the CIR: 1.) to lay off its 44 employees on the ground that the company is losing its

operations, and 2.) to lease its equipment to certain individuals. Judge Roldan of the CIR, after ocular inspection, approved the

petitions, thereby leaving the petitioners, if not unemployed, having nothing to do because of absence of equipment in the

studios. Petitioner assailed the ruling of the judge, and appealed to the CIR en banc.

ISSUE: Should the court grant a petition for mass dismissal without hearing the side of the employees concerned?

HELD: No. A worker cannot be deprived of his job or his wages without due process of law. The case was then remanded to CIR

for proper hearing.


20/28

CALLANTA v. CARNATION PHILS., 145 SCRA 268, G.R. No. 70615 October 28, 1986

FACTS: Upon clearance approved by the MOLE Regional Office, respondent dismissed the petitioner in June 1979. On July 1982,

petitioner filed an illegal dismissal case with claim for reinstatement with the Labor Arbiter, who granted it. On appeal, the

NLRC reversed the judgment based on the contention that the action by the petitioner has already prescribed, since Art. 291 &

292 of the Labor Code is expressed that offenses penalized under the Code and all money claims arising from employer-

employee relationships shall be filed within 3 years from when such cause of action arises, otherwise it will be barred.

ISSUE: Is ruling of the NLRC correct?

HELD: No. It is a principle well recognized in this jurisdiction, that one's employment, profession, trade or calling is a property

right, and the wrongful interference therewith is an actionable wrong. The right is considered to be property within the

protection of the Constitutional guarantee of due process of law.

Verily, the dismissal without just cause of an employee from his employment constitutes a violation of the Labor Code and its

implementing rules and regulations. Such violation, however, does not amount to an "offense" as understood under Article 291

of the Labor Code. In its broad sense, an offense is an illegal act which does not amount to a crime as defined in the penal law,

but which by statute carries with it a penalty similar to those imposed by law for the punishment of a crime. The confusion

arises over the use of the term "illegal dismissal" which creates the impression that termination of an employment without just

cause constitutes an offense. It must be noted, however that unlike in cases of commission of any of the prohibited activities

during strikes or lockouts under Article 265, unfair labor practices under Article 248, 249 and 250 and illegal recruitment

activities under Article 38, among others, which the Code itself declares to be unlawful, termination of an employment withoutjust or valid cause is not categorized as an unlawful practice.

DE LEON v. NLU, 100 PHIL 789

FACTS: The defendant-appellees had been picketing the Dalisay Theater owned by the plaintiff for the purpose of securing

reinstatement to their respective jobs in the theater when it was run and operated by the Filipino Theatrical Enterprises (FTE),

then a lessee of the parcel of land owned by plaintiff on which the theater was erected. The defendant-appellees lost their jobsupon termination of the lease contract between De Leon and the FTE, which turned over the rights to the theater back to De

Leon, the owner of the lot.

ISSUE: Has terminated employees the right to strike in this case?


21/28


22/28

KAPISANAN NG MANGGAGAWA SA CAMARA SHOES v. CAMARA SHOES, 111 SCRA 478

FACTS: Petitioner Ramos was suspended for writing the phrase "under protest" in the company payroll to object to the P1.0

deduction made by the respondent for allegedly getting P500 worth of lumber in 1964. The deduction started only in 1969, at

the peak of union activities of the petitioner when several complaints of unfair labor practices were filed by the union against

the respondent.

ISSUE: Is the action of the petitioner a lawful exercise of freedom of expression?

HELD: Yes. The freedom of expression is available to individual workers subject to legal limitation of industrial peace to air valid

grievances. It is thus too clear from the foregoing that petitioner Ramos was justified in airing his grievances against the

unauthorized and illegal deductions made by respondent company. By writing "under protest" on the company payroll,

petitioner Ramos was well within the ambit of his constitutional freedom of expression as well as the right to petition against

what was obviously a calculated undue harassment amounting to unfair labor practice perpetuated by respondent employerherein.

VICTORIANO v. ERWU, 59 SCRA 54

FACTS: Stepping on the provisions of RA 3350 exempting members of religious sects which prohibit its members from joining

associations, plaintiff-appellee, being of a faithful of Iglesia ni Cristo, withdrew his membership from the appellant union. The

latter, who have pact a closed-shop provision in their collective bargaining agreement with respondent company sought the

separation of the plaintiff-appellee. The trial court enjoined the supposed dismissal, prompting the union to assail the validity

of RA 3350 particularly the provision granting exemption to members of above-mentioned sects.

ISSUE: Does the law infringe the right or freedom of labor to associate?

HELD: No. Freedom of association implies not only the right to join a labor union, but also the privilege of not joining one, of

selecting which union to join, and of disaffiliating from a union. It is clear that the assailed Act, far from infringing the

constitutional provision on freedom of association, upholds and reinforces it. It does not prohibit the members of said religious

sects from affiliating with labor unions. It still leaves to said members the liberty and the power to affiliate, or not to affiliate,with labor unions. If, notwithstanding their religious beliefs, the members of said religious sects prefer to sign up with the labor

union, they can do so. If in deference and fealty to their religious faith, they refuse to sign up, they can do so; the law does not

coerce them to join; neither does the law prohibit them from joining; and neither may the employer or labor union compel

them to join.


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REPUBLIC SAVINGS BANK v. CIR, 21 SCRA 226

FACTS: Petitioner bank terminated private respondents for having written and published a "patently libelous letter tending to

cause dishonor, discredit or contempt not only the officers and employees of the bank, but also their employer" by demanding

the resignation of the bank president on grounds of immorality, nepotism and favoritism. CIR ruled that the petitioner's act

constitutes an unfair labor practice.

ISSUE: Does the dismissal of employees airing their grievance against their employer constitute unfair labor practice?

HELD: Yes. Even assuming that respondents acted in their individual capacities when they wrote the letter, they were

nonetheless protected for they were engaged in concerted activity, in the exercise of their right to self-organization that

includes concerted activity for mutual aid and protection, interference with which constitutes unfair labor practice.

The petitioner should have allowed the respondents to air their grievances as a mechanism in a collective bargaining

agreement. Collective bargaining... normally takes the form of negotiation when major conditions of employment to be written

into an agreement are under consideration, and of grievance committee meetings and arbitration when questions arising from

the administration of an agreement are at stake.

SSS EMPLOYEES ASSOC. v. CA, 175 SCRA 686

FACTS: Petitioners went on strike after their employer SSS failed to act upon the union's demands concerning the

implementation of their CBA. SSS filed an injunction contending that the petitioners are covered by Civil Service laws which

prohibits employees of the government from staging a strike. SSSEA on the other hand, argued that the NLRC has the

jurisdiction of the case by virtue of the provisions of the Labor Code.

ISSUE: Does the court have jurisdiction? Do employees covered by the Civil Service have the right to strike?

HELD: On question of jurisdiction, yes. The RTC, in the exercise of its general jurisdiction under BP 129, has jurisdiction over

petitioner's claim for damages and for the issuance of a writ of injunction to stop the strike, since the Labor Code do not apply

to government employees.

On the right to strike of government workers, No. The Constitution provides guarantee among workers with the right to

organize and conduct peaceful concerted activities. On the other hand, EO 180 provides that the Civil Service law and rules

governing concerted activities in government service shall be observed subject to any legislation that may be enacted by

Congress. Referring to Memo Circular No.6, s. 1987 of the CSC which states that prior to the enactment by Congress of

applicable laws concerning strike by government employees, enjoins under pain of administrative sanctions, all government


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officials and employees from staging a strike, demonstrations, mass leaves, walk-outs and other forms of mass action which will

result in temporary stoppage or disruption of public service, the court ruled that in the absence of any legislation allowing

government employees to strike, they are therefore prohibited from doing so.

GARCIA v. PAL, GR 164856, Jan. 20, 2009

FACTS: PAL filed an administrative case against Garcia and Dumago after they were allegedly caught sniffing shabu at the PAL

Tool Room. After due notice, they were dismissed for transgressing the PAL Code of Discipline. The petitioners filed a complaint

for illegal dismissal. The Labor Arbiter decided in favor of petitioners with an immediate reinstatement. A writ was issued to

such effect pending appeal with the NLRC.

ISSUE: Can the petitioners collect wages on the period of appeal from the Labor Arbiters order up to the final decision of t he

higher court?

HELD: Yes. The State forcefully and meaningfully underscore labor as a primary social and economic force. In short, with respect

to decisions reinstating employees, the law itself has determined a sufficiently overwhelming reason for its execution pending

appeal. Therefore, the petitioners can collect wages from the period of the execution of the decision of the labor arbiter to the

time of the final decision of the higher court.

MORTERA v. CIR, GR L-1340, Oct. 13, 1947

FACTS: All laborers of Canlubang Sugar Estate were ordered to return to work immediately and stop the strike with the

admonition that those who will fail to report will not only lose any concession but the company was authorized by the public

respondent herein to employ new employees or laborers to take the places or positions of those who fail to report. The publicrespondent ordered that picketing under any guise or form, is entirely prohibited considering that the industry was into sugar, a

very important and essential food, lack of supply would mean destruction of sugar centrals of many provinces.

ISSUE: Was there a denial of the right to strike?

HELD: Yes. The order on prohibition to strike should be understood to cover only illegal picketing, that is, picketing through the

use of illegal means. Peaceful picketing cannot be prohibited. It is part of the freedom of speech guaranteed by the

Constitution. Petitioners have not shown reasons to annul the order. Petition dismissed.

FELIX UY v. COA, GR 130685, March 21, 2000

FACTS: Petitioners were among the more than 60 dismissed permanent employees of the Capitol of Agusan del Sur by the

newly incumbent Governor Paredes. They contended that the dismissal was a political vengeance because he hired new

employees. The Governor averred that the dismissal was not illegal because it was due to the reduction in work force due to

lack of funds and it is a valid ground of terminating the services of the employees. The Merit System Protection Board held the


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dismissal illegal and ordered their reinstatement but Governor Paredes refused to abide from the order. The COA on the other

hand affirmed the decision of the MSPB but denied the motion of the petitioners stating that it is the personal liability of

Governor Paredes and not the Provincial Government of Agusan del Sur.

ISSUE: Can government employees receive backwages and other monetary benefits from the government?

HELD: Yes. If the MSPB found bad faith on the part of Governor Paredes, it would have categorically decreed his personal

liability for the illegal dismissal of the petitioners. To be sure, even the petitioners did not proceed from the theory that their

dismissal is the personal liability of Governor Paredes. Familiar learning is our ruling that bad faith cannot be presumed and he

who alleges bad faith has the onus of proving it. In the case at bar, the decision of the MSPB by itself does not meet the

quantum of proof necessary to overcome the presumption of good faith.

TIRAZONA v. PHILIPPINE EDS TECHNO-SERVICE (PET) INC

FACTS: The petitioner, a managerial employee who was holding a position of trust and confidence, was admonished by the

latter of her improper handling of a situation involving a rank-and-file employee. She admitted having read a supposed

confidential letter for the PET directors containing a legal opinion of the respondent's counsel regarding the status of her

employment. As a consequence, she was terminated for willful breach of trust reposed upon by her employer. She claimed

having been denied of due process.

ISSUE: Was her dismissal justified?

HELD: Yes. The petitioner has given the respondent more than enough reasons to distrust her. The arrogance and hostility shehas shown towards the company her stubborn uncompromising stance in almost all instances justify the company's

termination of her employment.

PANTRANCO v. PSC, GR 47065, June 26, 1940

FACTS: Petitioner wanted to have Sec. 1 of CA 454 be declared unconstitutional or that if constitutional be declared inapplicable

to valid and subsisting certificates issued prior to its enactment. This arose from the time petitioner applied for ten additional

trucks to comply with his existing certificates of public convenience issued before the enactment of the CA 454 because he wasnot agreeable with the conditions set forth by PSC. He contended that this Act violates the constitutional guarantee of non-

impairment of contracts.

ISSUE: Was the constitutional guarantee of non-impairment of obligations and contracts violated?


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HELD: No. Statutes for the regulation of public utilities are a proper exercise by the state of its police power for the control and

regulation of public utilities in order to protect the public. If one voluntarily placed his property in public service, he cannot

complain of the regulation of the State through its police power. A regulation of public utilities applies not only to future but

also to present contracts in operation. Such statutes are, therefore, not unconstitutional, either impairing the obligation of

contracts, taking property without due process, or denying the equal protection of the laws, especially inasmuch as the

question whether or not private property shall be devoted to a public and the consequent burdens assumed is ordinarily for theowner to decide.

PALMERIA v. NLRC, 247 SCRA 57

FACTS: Palmeria was employed by private respondent Coca-cola, which later entered into a contract of service with Lipercon

Services. It was made to appear that the petitioner was an employee of Lipercon, before being dismissed by Coca-cola.

Petitioner was able to prove his employment with Coca-cola, hence sought for reinstatement. The labor arbiter and NLRC ruled

that reinstatement could not be availed of because of the vehement refusal of the respondent to accept back the petitioner.

ISSUE: Should the petition for reinstatement be granted despite the strained relations between employee and employer?

HELD: Yes. The importance of the remedy of reinstatement to an unjustly dismissed employee cannot be overstated. It is the

remedy that most effectively restores the right of an employee to his employment and all its benefits before its violation by his

employer. Yet despite all its virtues, reinstatement does not and cannot fully vindicate all of an employees injuries for

reinstatement no more than compensates for his financial damages. It cannot make up for his other sufferings, intangible yet

valuable xxx It is a right which cannot be allowed to be devalued by the purchasing power of employers who are only too

willing to bankroll the separation pay of their illegally dismissed employees to get rid of them.

BANGALISAN v. CA, 276 SCRA 619

FACTS: Petitioners were among the 800 public school teachers who staged mass actions on September 17 to 19, 1990 to

dramatize their grievances against the alleged failure of the government to implement measures intended for their material

benefit. The Education Secretary issued a Return-to-Work Order but the petitioners failed to comply. Hence they were charged

by the Secretary with several administrative cases leading to their dismissal from service.

ISSUE: Can government employees engage in a strike?

HELD: No. As a general rule, even in the absence of express statutory prohibition like Memo Circ. No.6 public employees are

denied the right to strike or engage in work stoppage against a public employer. The right of the sovereign to prohibit strikes or

work stoppages public employees was clearly recognized at common law. To grant employees of the public sector the right to


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strike there must be a clear and direct legislative authority therefor. In the absence of any express legislation allowing

government employees to strike, recognizing their right to do so, or regulating the exercise of the right, employees in the public

service may not engage in strike, walk-outs and temporary work stoppage like workers in the private sector.

KAISAHAN v. GOTAMCON SAWMILLS, 80 PHIL 521

FACTS: During the pendency of the labor dispute between the petitioners and the respondents, the CIR managed to forge a

voluntary agreement which results into a return-to-work order, and the respondents was prohibited to, among others, lay-off

any of the petitioners. Barely 4 months the contract, petitioners again staged a strike, violating the condition of the agreement.

The latter countered by assailing the Sec 19 of CA 103, the law upon which the voluntary agreement was based, arguing that

the same results to involuntary servitude.

ISSUE: Should a voluntary agreement with a condition that workers must return to work be voided upon a ground of

involuntary servitude?

HELD: No. An employee entering into a contract of employment voluntarily accepts, among other conditions, those prescribed

in Section 19 of CA 103. The voluntariness of the employee's entering into it or not--with such implied condition, negatives the

possibility of involuntary servitude ensuing.

MABEZA v. NLRC, G.R. No. 118506 April 18, 1997

FACTS: The petitioner and her co-employees were asked by their employer to sign an instrument attesting to the latters

compliance with minimum wage and other labor standard provision, and that they have no complaints against the

management. The petitioner signed the affidavit but refused to go to the Citys Prosecutors Office to confirm the veracity a nd

contents of the affidavit as instructed by management. That same day she was ordered by the hotel management to turn over

the keys to her living quarters and to remove her belongings in the hotels premises. She then filed a leave of absence which

was denied by her employer. She attempted to return to work but the hotels cashier told her that she should not report to

work and instead continue with her unofficial leave of absence. The management defended upon a ground of loss of

confidence.

ISSUE: Was the dismissal of the petitioner valid?

HELD: No. The pivotal question in any case where unfair labor practice on the part of the employer is alleged is whether or not

the employer has exerted pressure, in the form of restraint, interference or coercion, against his employees right to instit ute

concerted action for better terms and conditions of employment. Without doubt, the act of compelling employees to sign an


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instrument indicating that the employer observed labor standard provisions of the law when he might not have, together with

the act of terminating or coercing those who refuse to cooperate with the employers scheme constitutes unfair labor practice.

BULLETIN PUBLISHING CORP. v. SANCHEZ, 144 SCRA 628

FACTS: Supervisors and managers in petitioner company formed a union separate from that of the rank-and-file union,

petitioned for certification election, and staged a strike against the petitioner, prompting the latter to seek a permanent

injunction.

ISSUE: Are supervisors or managers allowed by law to form a union?

HELD: No. The supervisory employees of petitioner firm may not, under the law, form a supervisors union, separate and

distinct from the existing bargaining unit (BEU), composed of the rank-and-file employees of the Bulletin Publishing

Corporation. It is evident that most of the private respondents are considered managerial employees. xxx The rationale for this

inhibition has been stated to be, because if these managerial employees would belong to or be affiliated with a Union, the

latter might not be assured of their loyalty to the Union in view of evident conflict of interests. The Union can also become

company- dominated with the presence of managerial employees in Union membership.

Posted 9th July 2013 by cLutz

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