6 Present perfect simple e continuous (25-27, 30-31)

Present perfect simple usoSi usa il present perfect per esprimere un evento o una situazione che hanno conseguenze nel presente o per parlare di unazione iniziata nel passato e che continua nel presente.

Ive invited Lucy to my party. Have you finished your homework?

Per descrivere la durata di unazione si usano since e for. Since si usa per descrivere il momento dinizio di unazione e si usa for per esprimere il periodo di tempo.

Ive had this mobile for a year.

I bought my mobile. I have the same mobile.

A year ago Today

Italy has been a republic since 1946.

Italy became a republic. Italy is a republic now.

1946 Today

Vedi le unit 25, 26 e 154 in The Complete English Grammar per avere informazioni su altre parole che spesso sono usate con il present perfect, come already, yet, never e ever.

6.1 Photocopiable The Complete English Grammar Oxford University Press

6.2 Photocopiable The Complete English Grammar Oxford University Press

Present perfect simple formaSi usa il presente di have + participio passato. Trovi lelenco dei verbi irregolari alla pagina 416 di The Complete English Grammar.

Forma affermativa (completa)

I have hesheit has youwethey have

Forma contratta (affermativa)

Ive

hesshesits

youvewevetheyve

finished

finished

finished

finished

Forma negativa (contratta)

I havent hesheit hasnt youwethey havent

Domande

have Ihas he she

it

have you wethey

Risposte breviUsa la forma affermativa o negativa di have. Per esempio:

Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.

?

6.3 Photocopiable The Complete English Grammar Oxford University Press

6.4 Photocopiable The Complete English Grammar Oxford University Press

Esercizi

1 Completa le frasi con il present perfect dei verbi tra parentesi.

0 Helen has never (drink) drunk wine. 1 I (live) in Rome since 2009. 2 Darina (lose) her keys. 3 you ever (eat) Thai food? 4 My parents (be) married for twenty years. 5 you (see) Samantha today? 6 It (not/rain) for a few weeks now. 7 I (not/take) my driving test yet. 8 you already (have) lunch?

2Osservaleduefrasiquisotto:hannolostessosignificato.Usandoilverbo tra parentesi al present perfect, completa le frasi di seguito in mododamantenerelostessosignificato.

He was here but hes not here now. Hes (go) gone.

1 This place is different. This place (change) .

2 Stella isnt at home. Stella (go) out.

3 Do you know about Lisa? you (hear) about Lisa?

4 Is your hair a different colour? you (dye) your hair?

5 Theres no ink in the printer. The printer (run) out of ink.

3 Completa le frasi con for o since.

Ive been interested in music since I was about eight. Hes lived there for two months. 1 I havent seen Oliver the weekend. 2 Weve lived here I was ten. 3 I havent seen Jenny three weeks. 4 I havent eaten anything breakfast. 5 Ive had this mobile six months. 6 Weve lived here 2008.

6.5 Photocopiable The Complete English Grammar Oxford University Press

6.6 Photocopiable The Complete English Grammar Oxford University Press

Present perfect continuous usoDi norma si usa la forma continua del present perfect per esprimere unattivit prolungata o ripetuta.

Ive been driving all day. How long have you been waiting? Ive been waiting for two hours.

TWO HOURS

I started waiting. Im still waiting.

Present perfect continuous formaSi usa il presente di have + been + -ing.

Forma affermativa (completa)

I hesheit

youwethey

Forma affermativa (contratta)

Ive been

hes beenshes beenits been

youve beenweve beentheyve been

have been

have been

has been waiting

waiting

been waiting ?

Forma negativa (contratta)

I hesheit

youwethey

Domande

have Ihas he she

it

have you wethey

Risposte breviUsa la forma affermativa o negativa di have. Per esempio:

Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.

havent been

hasnt been

havent been

waiting

6.7 Photocopiable The Complete English Grammar Oxford University Press

6.8 Photocopiable The Complete English Grammar Oxford University Press

Esercizi

4 Completa le domande con il present perfect continuous dei verbi del riquadro.

run fix phone play rain wait

A: Youre covered in oil! B: Yes. Ive been fixing my scooter.

1 A: You look hot! B: Yes. I .

2 A: Why are you so dirty? B: We rugby.

3 A: This weather is terrible! B: Yes. It for three days. 4 A: Have you spoken to Harry? B: No. I him all morning,

but theres no answer.

5 A: The bus is late. B: How long you ?

5 Present perfect simple o continuous? Scegli lalternativa corretta.

How long have you watched /been watching TV? 1 Im exhausted. Ive driven / been driving all day. 2 Have you bought / been buying a new mobile yet? 3 At last weve finished / been finishing the exams! 4 How many times have you seen / been seeingthisfilm? 5 Sorry Im late. Have you waited / been waiting a long time? 6 Have you had / been having lunch yet?