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Uncertainty Reduction TheoryBerger and Calabrese goal in constructing this theory was

to explain how communication is used to reduce uncertainties between strangers engaging in their first conversation together.

Prediction: the ability to forecast one’s own and others’ behavioral choices.

Explanation: the ability to interpret the meaning of behavioral choices

Cognitive uncertainty: degree of uncertainty related to cognition.

Behavioral uncertainty: degree of uncertainty related to behaviors

Self-disclosure: personal messages about the self disclosed to another.

Assumptions Uncertainty Reduction Theory1. People experience uncertainty in interpersonal

setting2. Uncertainty is aversive state, generating

cognitive stress.3. When strangers meet, their primary concern is

to reduce their uncertainty or to increase predictability.

4. Interpersonal communiation is a developmental process that occurs through stages.

5. Interpersonal communication is the primary means of uncertainty reduction.

6. The quantity and nature of information that people share change through time.

7. It is possible to predict people’s behavior in a lawlike fashion.

Entry phase: the beginning stage of an interaction between strangers

Personal phase: the stage in a relationship when people begin to communicate more spontaneously and personally

Exit phase: stage in a relationship when people decide whether to continue or leave

Social Penetration TheoryInterpersonal relationships evolve in some

gradual and predictable fashion. Social penetration teorists believe that self-disclosure is the primary way that superfisial relationship progress to intimate relationship.

Social penetration: process of bonding that moves a relationship from superficial from more institute.

Assumption of Social Penetration theory1. Relationship progress from nonintimate to

intimate.2. Relationship development is generally

systematic and predictable.3. Relationship development includes

depenetration and dissolution.4. Self-disclosure is at the core of relationship

development.

Stages of Social Penetration

OrientationRevealing

bith of ourselves

Exploratory Affective Exchange

Emergence of an

individual’s personality

Affective ExchangeSpontan

eous communi

cation; use of

personal idioms

Stable ExchangeEfficient

communication;

estblisment of a

personal system of

communication

1. Jelaskan hubungan perhatian, terpaan, interpretasi terhadap disonansi kognitif?

2. Berikan suatu contoh dua sikap yang pernah anda miliki hubungan yang tidak relevan satu dengan yang lainnya?

3. Uncertainty reduction is the process of using communication to increase our ability to explain and predict other’s behaviors. How do we use new media such as e-mail, pagers, palm pilots, and so forth in this process?

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