Why BulgariaRegioni di alta prospettiva
I. Bulgaria: La Vostra Casa Corporativa nell`Europa dell`Est
Strategica posizione per attivita` industriali
Diretto accesso all`Est & I mercati Europei dell`Est
Strategica posizione geografica con autostrade,vie ferroviarie, aeroporti e accesso via acqua per Europe, Asia, il Vicino Oriente
Ministero di Economia
I. Bulgaria: La Vostra Casa Corporativa nell`Europa dell`Est
Il piu` Basso Costo degli Affari Operativi in Europa
Costo del lavoro
Prezzo degli aquisti/ affitti
Tasse corporative (%) 23.5/0
Affitto Ufficio in Sofia (USD/ m.q/mese) 15-25
I. Bulgaria: La Vostra Casa Corporativa nell`Europa dell`Est
Costo del Business Operatovo
Il Governo e` composto di gente con mentalita` di busenessman
I. Bulgaria: La Vostra Casa Corporativa nell`Europa dell`Est
Ambiente Attrattivo per gli Investitori
Ministero di Economia
Bordo Valutario
Numerose consultazioni per negoziati politici e commerciali
Internazionale conferma di fattore chiave per la stabilita` della Europa Sud-Orientale
I. Bulgaria: La Vostra Casa Corporativa nell`Europa dell`Est
Stabilita` Politica e Economica
L`investimento si potrebbe basare su:
informazioni tecnologiche
industrial manufacturing
I. Bulgaria: La Vostra Casa Corporativa nell`Europa dell`Est
Investire in Economia piu`progressiva
dell` Europa dell` Est
American Standard: la maggior casa Europea per produzione di accessori medicinali
Solvay: stabilimento chimico completamente integrato
UniCredito Italiano Group: privatizzazione riuscita di leading banca bulgara
ABB: impianti per attrezzare cenri di produzione di energia in Europa del Sud-Est
SKF: produzione con basso costo&assemblaggio
I. Bulgaria: La Vostra Casa Corporativa nell`Europa dell`Est
Internazionali Invetitori in Bulgaria - Successioni di Successi
Ministero di Economia
Ministro dell`Energia e delle Risorse Energetiche
Programma per far tornare nel paese piu` professionisti qualificati
II. Gente, Idee&Azioni per Assicurare il Vostro Successo
Squadra Economica: Lavoro di Professionisti con Passato Internazionale
Ministero di Economia
Piena liberalizzazione del mercato: commercio, energia, servizi
Titoli & mercato dei debiti, prestiti
corporativi & personali
Principali Priorita`- Crescita` del PIL
da 5-7%
Potenzialita` per piu` di 200 impresecon possibilita` di
specializzazione in:
Fonte: Agenzia di investimenti stranieri in Bulgaria
III. Maggiori Prospettive Industriali
73
3065.9
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
GDP break-up by industry
National Statistic Institute, 2001
Construction
Services:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Private
55.9
63.4
62.4
64
69.6
71.7
Public
44.1
36.6
37.6
36
30.4
28.3
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
Switzerland
105.9
France
123.7
Turkey
128.5
Spain
129.8
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
3138.9
Telecom
229.6
Total FDI
22
Global IT IQ Report of March 2002 of Brainbench, Inc.
The data for the population is taken from the mid-2001 estimates of
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database and The World Factbook, 2000.
IT Certified Professionals in % of the Population
(World Top 10 Countries)
10.7
17.5
14.5
11.6
12.9
11.4
10.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Inflation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997-2001
2002-2006
600
950
1997-2001
2002-2006
74
121
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
bgdream:
Enterprises shares
Specific parts
Average FDI per year
Average FDI per capita
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
129
133133
131131
135
132
133
142
123
117
104
106
114
115
118
116
117
123
118
121
119
125
129
135
129
128
100
110
120
130
140
150
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
NovemberDecember
200020012002
MBD00213F8B.
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
Other secs by country
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Germany
563.2
Greece
541.7
Italy
451.4
Belgium
415.9
Austria
351.2
USA
277
Cyprus
267.2
Russia
205.3
Netherlands
204.8
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
(World Top 10 Countries)
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Oriente e Asia
Sruttura regolata a secondo gli standart della CE
Per le dimensioni di sviluppo nel 2000, Il mercato bulgaro per i
servizi di telefoni mobili e` classificato tra i primi 5 fra i paesi
della CE; piu` di 1.5m di abonati
Possibilita` di produzione di interrutori per collegamento fra
indipendenti reti telefoniche
III. Maggiori Prospettive Industriali
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
GDP break-up by industry
National Statistic Institute, 2001
Construction
Services:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Private
55.9
63.4
62.4
64
69.6
71.7
Public
44.1
36.6
37.6
36
30.4
28.3
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
Switzerland
105.9
France
123.7
Turkey
128.5
Spain
129.8
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
3138.9
Telecom
229.6
Total FDI
22
Global IT IQ Report of March 2002 of Brainbench, Inc.
The data for the population is taken from the mid-2001 estimates of
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database and The World Factbook, 2000.
IT Certified Professionals in % of the Population
(World Top 10 Countries)
10.7
17.5
14.5
11.6
12.9
11.4
10.9
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997-2001
2002-2006
600
950
1997-2001
2002-2006
74
121
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
bgdream:
Enterprises shares
Specific parts
Average FDI per year
Average FDI per capita
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
129
133133
131131
135
132
133
142
123
117
104
106
114
115
118
116
117
123
118
121
119
125
129
135
129
128
100
110
120
130
140
150
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
NovemberDecember
200020012002
MBD00213F8B.
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
Other secs by country
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Germany
563.2
Greece
541.7
Italy
451.4
Belgium
415.9
Austria
351.2
USA
277
Cyprus
267.2
Russia
205.3
Netherlands
204.8
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
(World Top 10 Countries)
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Energia
Stabili parametri legislativi e regolatori che sono adattati agli standart della Comunita` Europea
Persentazione di Bulgaria come partner fidabile per assicurare il futuro passaggio - tranzit di petrolio, gas, energia elettrica e come il centro energetico nella regione
Introduzione di regole di mercato stabili e trasparenti e di un progetto esplicito per la liberalizzazione del mercato dell`energia elettrica
Futuri progetti infrastrutturali legati a significativa entrata di investimenti e che generano anche crascita economica
Le compagnie per produzione e distribuzione di energia sono oggetto di privatizzazione
Crescita di Investimenti fino
al 2005 USD2.5-5.8 bn
8
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
Other secs by country
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Germany
563.2
Greece
541.7
Italy
451.4
Belgium
415.9
Austria
351.2
USA
277
Cyprus
267.2
Russia
205.3
Netherlands
204.8
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
(World Top 10 Countries)
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Ministero di Economia
Strategica posizione geografica
Infrastrutture comprendono piu` di 37,000 km di strade, tra cui 416 km autostrade
6,500 km vie ferroviarie, piu di 64% elettrificate
Due porti principali che servono piu` di 60% del commercio con l`estero
Il fiume Danubbio e il Mar Nero come internazionali srtade d`acqua
Cinque aeroporti internazionazionali
8
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
Other secs by country
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Germany
563.2
Greece
541.7
Italy
451.4
Belgium
415.9
Austria
351.2
USA
277
Cyprus
267.2
Russia
205.3
Netherlands
204.8
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
(World Top 10 Countries)
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Ministero di Economia
Stabilite destinazioni per le vacanze dei tedeschi, inglesi e della gente dell`Est Europa: 2.756m turisti per 2001
USD1.2 miliardi di entrate per 2001, USD1.3-1.5 miliardi attesi per 2002
Bulgaria e` una delle destinazioni europee con solida crescita nel turismo per 2002
Vasta gamma di prodotti: Spiagge / Stazioni Balneari, Sport Invernali, Cultura/Musei/Monasteri, Natura/Activita`, Gite, Conferenze
III. Maggiori Prospettive Industriali
8
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
GDP break-up by industry
National Statistic Institute, 2001
Construction
Services:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Private
55.9
63.4
62.4
64
69.6
71.7
Public
44.1
36.6
37.6
36
30.4
28.3
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
Switzerland
105.9
France
123.7
Turkey
128.5
Spain
129.8
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
Mineral products (cement, glass,...)
Other
688.9
462.5
289.8
249.2
229.6
139.7
120.6
118.8
105.6
104.8
90.5
73
465.9
22
Global IT IQ Report of March 2002 of Brainbench, Inc.
The data for the population is taken from the mid-2001 estimates of
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database and The World Factbook, 2000.
IT Certified Professionals in % of the Population
(World Top 10 Countries)
10.7
17.5
14.5
11.6
12.9
11.4
10.9
Privatisation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Inflation
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997-2001
2002-2006
600
950
1997-2001
2002-2006
74
121
1997
1997
1998
1998
1999
1999
2000
2000
2001
2001
2002
2002
bgdream:
Enterprises shares
Specific parts
Average FDI per year
Average FDI per capita
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Opportunita` di grandi conquiste tramite investimenti in impianti moderni
Tra i piu` importanti partner e consumatori sono Germania, Francia, Italia, Belgio, USA, Canada e i Paesi Bassi Scandinavian countries
Fonte: Agenzia di investimenti stranieri in bulgaria
III. Maggiori Prospettive Industriali
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
Other secs by country
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Germany
563.2
Greece
541.7
Italy
451.4
Belgium
415.9
Austria
351.2
USA
277
Cyprus
267.2
Russia
205.3
Netherlands
204.8
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
(World Top 10 Countries)
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Chart3
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
GDP break-up by industry
National Statistic Institute, 2001
Construction
Services:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Private
55.9
63.4
62.4
64
69.6
71.7
Public
44.1
36.6
37.6
36
30.4
28.3
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
Switzerland
105.9
France
123.7
Turkey
128.5
Spain
129.8
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
3138.9
Telecom
229.6
Total FDI
22
Global IT IQ Report of March 2002 of Brainbench, Inc.
The data for the population is taken from the mid-2001 estimates of
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database and The World Factbook, 2000.
IT Certified Professionals in % of the Population
(World Top 10 Countries)
10.7
17.5
14.5
11.6
12.9
11.4
10.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Inflation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997-2001
2002-2006
600
950
1997-2001
2002-2006
74
121
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
bgdream:
Enterprises shares
Specific parts
Average FDI per year
Average FDI per capita
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
129
133133
131131
135
132
133
142
123
117
104
106
114
115
118
116
117
123
118
121
119
125
129
135
129
128
100
110
120
130
140
150
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
NovemberDecember
200020012002
MBD00213F8B.
Tradizioni stabili
CE programma di supporto, SAPARD, aumento di EUR52m per
anno per 2001-2006
Crescita di 50% di sussidi provvisti per privati progetti di investmenti per compagnie con registrazione bulgara inclisi quelli con partecipazione srtaniera
III. Maggiori Prospettive Industriali
Fonte: Agenzia di investimenti stranieri in bulgaria
8
Austria
Paesi
Compagnie
Investment
Belgio
INTERBREW
Cipro
Other secs by country
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Germany
563.2
Greece
541.7
Italy
451.4
Belgium
415.9
Austria
351.2
USA
277
Cyprus
267.2
Russia
205.3
Netherlands
204.8
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
(World Top 10 Countries)
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Austria
Paesi
Compagnie
Investment
Olanda
PROVIMI
Portugallo
Other secs by country
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Germany
563.2
Greece
541.7
Italy
451.4
Belgium
415.9
Austria
351.2
USA
277
Cyprus
267.2
Russia
205.3
Netherlands
204.8
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
(World Top 10 Countries)
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Aumento economico 4.0%: Bulgaria sta tra i leaders in CEE
Investiventi record in % dal NPL 20.4%
Deficit del bilancio 0.9%
Inflazione annuale 4.8%
Disoccupazione in Dicembre: 17.9%, alta ma in discesa rispetto 2000
Concluzione: stabilita` del consiglio valutario e base per sviluppo crescente
l`economia bulgara in 2001: Figure chiave
Ministero di Economia
Cresita nell`economia per i secondi tre mesi - 5.3% e per i sei mesi- 4.3%: Bulgaria sta tra i lider in Europe
Inflazione per i primi undici mesi e` esattamente 2.5%: tra le piu` basse in Europa
Record riserve di valuta : EUR 4.14 miliardi (Agosto 2002)
Estremamente basso esterno debito pubblico per primi sett mesi : USD 8.4 miliardi
Crescita delle entrate dal turismo
Deficit su conto commerciale e corrente in correlazione con PLI
CE reconoscimento per funzionante economia del mercato
L`economia bulgara nel 2002: sulla strada giusta
Ministero di Economia
Il programma economico del Governo ha ricevuto voto positivo. La riputazione del paese e` cresciuta in tantissime occasioni e nell`attuale stato del BB ( con positive prospettive accordato con Standard&Poor’s, BB+ secondo Fitch IBCA, e B1 + secondo Moody’s). Japan Credit Rating Agency recentemente ha dato a
Bulgaria la classifica di BB+. Maggiore crescita della riputazione economica si aspetta in 2002-2003.
Supporto delle internazinali instituzioni finanziarie:
il IFM ha approvato accordo biennale stand-by per 250 mil
La banca mondiale ha approvato strategia di supporto di USD750m
La EBRD ha concesso un programma finanziario con valore di USD 500m per il settore privato
Stabilita` macroeconomica - Prove dall` Estero
Ministero di Economia
Ministero di Economia
Crescita del PIL
8
Fonte: Fonte del Governo e il Ministero dell`Economia
Ministero di Economia
(2001-2002, per trimestre %)
8
Chart1
1996
1996
1996
1997
1997
1997
1998
1998
1998
1999
1999
1999
2000
2000
2000
2001
2001
2001
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
GDP break-up by industry
National Statistic Institute, 2001
Construction
Services:
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
Switzerland
105.9
France
123.7
Turkey
128.5
Spain
129.8
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
Global IT IQ Report of March 2002 of Brainbench, Inc.
The data for the population is taken from the mid-2001 estimates of
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database and The World Factbook, 2000.
IT Certified Professionals in % of the Population
(World Top 10 Countries)
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Fonte: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica
Chart4
1996
1996
1997
1997
1998
1998
1999
1999
2000
2000
2001
2001
2002E
2002E
2003F
2003F
Privato
Pubblico
85.0
75.0
71.7
69.6
64.0
62.4
63.4
55.9
15.0
25.0
28.3
30.4
36.0
37.6
36.6
44.1
55.9
44.1
63.4
36.6
62.4
37.6
64
36
69.6
30.4
71.7
28.3
75
25
85
15
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
GDP break-up by industry
National Statistic Institute, 2001
Construction
Services:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002E
2003F
Privato
55.9
63.4
62.4
64
69.6
71.7
75
85
Pubblico
44.1
36.6
37.6
36
30.4
28.3
25
15
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
Switzerland
105.9
France
123.7
Turkey
128.5
Spain
129.8
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
Global IT IQ Report of March 2002 of Brainbench, Inc.
The data for the population is taken from the mid-2001 estimates of
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database and The World Factbook, 2000.
IT Certified Professionals in % of the Population
(World Top 10 Countries)
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
*
8
Ministero di Economia
Fonte: Banca Nazionale Bulgara
. ..
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

0.0739
0.6987
1.8157
1.68506
1.9295
2.0848

0.0761
2.3872
1.8149
1.74531
1.9890
2.1223

0.0788
1.6601
1.8267
1.79737
2.0284
2.1513

0.0894
1.5462
1.7745
1.82855
2.0681
2.1919

0.1470
1.5326
1.7745
1.84347
2.1597

0.1555
1.6684
1.7906
1.88473
2.0608

0.1871
1.7881
1.7992
1.8899
2.0817

0.2020
1.8442
1.7890
1.8447
2.1634

0.2300
1.7919
1.7073
1.8637
2.2468

0.2396
1.7592
1.6390
1.8270
2.2880

0.3499
1.7311
1.6792
1.8922
2.2841

0.070704
0.4874
1.7748
1.6698
1.9349
2.1805

0.07
0.19
1.68
1.76
1.84
2.12
2.14
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.27
1.67
1.75
1.84
2.10
2.19
Zast

1997
1998
1999
2000
1.6819
1.7567
1.8364
2.1233
...
98.00
132.53
168.70
182.54
%
.
19.899
28.286
37.82
47.57

1374121
1688942
1765457
%
28.9
35.5
37.2
Zast
0
0
0
0
...
:

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
%
:
( )
( )
0.97
1.08
1.36
1.52
0
0
0
0
Danuchi

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

2.58
13.65
24.98
39.74
89.48
117.34
691.13
3069.10
3126.44
3345.79
3657.44

5.75
14.44
26.17
41.55
92.54
118.20
2366.10
3107.86
3105.81
3382.52
3669.54

8.65
15.01
27.62
44.64
95.34
120.30
2549.74
3112.60
3075.46
3372.04
3671.37

8.87
15.49
28.70
54.33
96.05
123.98
2539.66
3126.16
3056.25
3337.16
3664.75

1.51
8.94
17.33
30.23
58.61
97.27
138.52
2587.10
3074.06
3028.96
3341.64
3666.89

1.57
9.46
18.33
31.46
61.02
97.73
164.40
2624.19
2965.69
3001.48
3349.84
3663.95

1.62
10.26
18.85
31.76
61.41
98.75
202.13
2689.30
2944.29
3103.03
3370.51

1.80
11.03
19.07
32.57
64.61
99.40
237.69
2837.35
2953.43
3126.01
3470.83

1.88
11.45
19.71
33.82
71.73
104.13
281.58
2946.29
3048.57
3173.07
3548.86

1.96
11.82
20.94
35.24
76.69
106.87
328.97
2969.49
3058.31
3209.48
3591.84

2.06
12.41
22.35
36.85
80.94
109.69
362.13
2998.59
3041.88
3223.97
3619.32

2.27
13.02
23.37
38.29
84.99
112.75
464.05
3005.58
3054.47
3267.06
3634.96
1997
1998
1999
2000

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001

VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VII

429.1%
83.0%
59.1%
125.2%
31.1%
489.0%
344.1%
1.9%
7.0%
9.3%

2.5%
5.5%
3.8%
0.8%
1.0%
0.2%
2.1%
1.3%
0.2%
0.4%
-1.7%
-3.5%
-0.7%
0.3%
3.2%
0.3%
-0.5%
0.4%
2.4%
-0.7%
-1.0%
-0.6%
-0.9%
-0.9%
3.4%
0.7%
1.5%
1.1%
0.5%
1%
2.4%
1.1%
-0.3%
-1.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.6%
3.0%
2.2%
1.2%
0.8%
0.4%
0.6%
0.3%
0.1%
-0.2%
0.1%
-0.1%
-0.2%
0.3%
2.5
5.5
3.8
0.8
1
0.2
2.1
1.3
0.2
0.4
-1.7
-3.5
-0.7
0.3
3.2
0.3
-0.5
0.4
2.4
-0.7
-1
-0.6
-0.9
-0.9
3.4
0.7
1.5
1.1
0.5
1.3
2.4
1.1
-0.3
-1
0.1
0.2
0.6
3
2.2
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.05
-0.2
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
0.3

151.1%
81.2%
58.8%
122.7%
27.7%
1901.8%
31.3%
-0.1%
8.9%
8.5%

73.5%
84.0%
61.6%
113.6%
26.2%
2019.5%
22.1%
-1.2%
9.6%
8.9%

74.6%
85.3%
89.3%
76.8%
29.1%
1948.4%
23.1%
-2.2%
9.2%
9.8%

492.1%
93.8%
74.4%
93.9%
66.0%
42.4%
1767.7%
18.8%
-1.5%
10.3%
9.7%

502.5%
93.8%
71.6%
94.0%
60.2%
68.2%
1496.2%
13.0%
1.2%
11.6%
9.4%

533.3%
83.7%
68.5%
93.4%
60.8%
104.7%
1230.5%
9.5%
5.4%
8.6%

512.8%
72.9%
70.8%
98.4%
53.8%
139.1%
1093.7%
4.1%
5.8%
11.0%

509.0%
72.1%
71.6%
112.1%
45.2%
170.4%
946.3%
3.5%
4.1%
11.8%

503.1%
77.2%
68.3%
117.6%
39.4%
207.8%
802.7%
3.0%
4.9%
11.9%

502.4%
80.1%
64.9%
119.6%
35.5%
230.1%
728.0%
1.4%
6.0%
12.3%

473.6%
79.5%
63.8%
122.0%
32.7%
311.6%
547.7%
1.6%
7.0%
11.3%
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002

473.6%
79.5%
63.8%
122.0%
32.7%
311.6%
547.7%
1.6%
7.0%
11.3%
3.0%
5.0%

4.74
0.79
0.64
1.22
0.33
3.12
5.48
1.6
7.0
11.3
3.0
5.0
473.57
79.49
63.84
121.96
32.66
311.57
547.68
Danuchi
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RATE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

1998-2000 . (%) 2001 2002 .
0
0
0
0
0

20%
26%
7.00
32%
75.90
20%
26%
7.00
32%
75.90
20%
26%
5.00
32%
70.00
20%
26%
4.00
32%
66.40
20%
22%
2.00
24%
6.40
28%
25.60
32%
70.40
36%
172.80
18%
20%
0.09
24%
0.29
28%
1.49
32%
4.29
38%
10.69
44%
25.89
18%
20%
0.45
24%
1.45
28%
3.85
33%
9.45
38%
22.65
44%
53.05
20%
24%
0.23
28%
1.43
32%
3.39
36%
6.59
40%
15.59
45%
55.59
20%
24%
0.15
28%
1.11
32%
2.79
36%
5.35
40%
12.55
44%
28.55
48%
48.35
20%
24%
0.15
28%
1.11
32%
2.79
36%
5.35
40%
12.55
44%
28.55
48%
48.35
20%
24%
28%
32%
36%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Privatizachia






07.02.1991
45.00%
05.02.1996
42.00%
1/5/98
6.56%
10.06.1991
52.00%
06.03.1996
49.00%
1/7/98
6.52%
10.07.1991
47.00%
26.04.1996
67.00%
1/14/98
6.40%
21.08.1991
54.00%
10.05.1996
108.00%
1/21/98
6.27%
06.07.1992
49.00%
24.09.1996
300.00%
1/28/98
6.07%
03.08.1992
45.00%
18.10.1996
240.00%
2/4/98
5.90%
15.09.1992
41.00%
04.11.1996
180.00%
2/11/98
5.78%
01.01.1993
47.00%
28.01.1997
198.00%
2/18/98
5.61%
22.02.1993
51.00%
01.03.1997
216.00%
2/25/98
5.53%
04.06.1993
48.00%
07.04.1997
205.68%
3/4/98
5.49%
23.08.1993
44.00%
14.04.1997
169.80%
3/11/98
5.32%
01.11.1993
47.00%
21.04.1997
96.36%
3/18/98
5.28%
10.11.1993
52.00%
28.04.1997
74.40%
3/25/98
5.32%
10.01.1994
56.00%
12.05.1997
62.40%
4/1/98
5.41%
14.03.1994
62.00%
19.05.1997
51.48%
4/8/98
5.41%
07.09.1994
72.00%
26.05.1997
43.08%
4/29/98
5.37%
10.04.1995
65.00%
02.06.1997
48.72%
5/6/98
5.32%
25.04.1995
60.00%
09.06.1997
47.28%
5/13/98
5.24%
08.05.1995
54.00%
16.06.1997
35.76%
5/20/98
5.16%
21.06.1995
48.00%
23.06.1997
15.20%
5/27/98
5.12%
03.07.1995
44.00%
30.06.1997
10.12%
6/10/98
5.16%
17.07.1995
39.00%
07.07.1997
9.76%
6/24/98
5.20%
01.08.1995
34.00%
14.07.1997
6.96%
8/5/98
5.16%
21.07.1997
6.12%
8/19/98
5.12%
28.07.1997
5.42%
9/9/98
5.08%
04.08.1997
5.50%
10/14/98
5.12%
11.08.1997
5.59%
10/21/98
5.20%
18.08.1997
5.70%
10/28/98
5.28%
25.08.1997
5.86%
11/11/98
5.24%
01.09.1997
5.98%
11/18/98
5.16%
08.09.1997
6.11%
11/25/98
5.12%
15.09.1997
6.23%
12/2/98
5.08%
22.09.1997
6.27%
12/9/98
5.04%
29.09.1997
6.03%
12/16/98
4.99%
06.10.1997
5.78%
12/30/98
5.08%
13.10.1997
5.53%
1/6/99
5.12%
20.10.1997
5.12%
1/13/99
5.08%
27.10.1997
4.87%
1/27/99
5.04%
03.11.1997
4.95%
2/10/99
4.99%
10.11.1997
5.45%
2/17/99
4.91%
17.11.1997
5.41%
3/10/99
4.83%
24.11.1997
5.90%
3/17/99
4.87%
01.12.1997
6.40%
3/24/99
4.83%
03.12.1997
6.94%
3/31/99
4.79%
10.12.1997
6.85%
4/7/99
4.75%
17.12.1997
6.77%
4/14/99
4.71%
29.12.1997
6.65%
4/21/99
4.67%
4/28/99
4.63%
5/5/99
4.54%
5/10/99
3.56%
5/12/99
4.50%
5/19/99
4.46%
5/26/99
4.42%
6/23/99
4.50%
6/30/99
4.75%
7/7/99
4.79%
8/11/99
4.75%
8/25/99
4.79%
9/1/99
4.75%
9/15/99
4.71%
9/23/99
4.63%
9/29/99
4.50%
10/6/99
4.46%
10/13/99
4.42%
11/3/99
4.46%
1/5/00
4.42%
1/12/00
4.26%
1/19/00
4.13%
1/26/00
3.93%
2/2/00
3.68%
2/9/00
3.40%
2/16/00
3.23%
2/23/00
3.11%
3/1/00
3.03%
3/15/00
3.48%
3/22/00
3.56%
4/5/00
3.64%
4/12/00
3.60%
4/26/00
3.64%
5/10/00
3.56%
5/17/00
3.48%
5/25/00
3.44%
6/14/00
3.60%
6/21/00
4.17%
6/28/00
4.05%
7/5/00
3.93%
7/12/00
3.72%
7/19/00
3.44%
8/2/00
3.48%
8/16/00
3.44%
8/23/00
3.72%
8/30/00
4.01%
9/7/00
3.85%
9/13/00
3.81%
9/20/00
3.93%
9/27/00
4.01%
10/4/00
3.97%
10/11/00
4.01%
10/18/00
4.13%
10/25/00
4.42%
11/1/00
4.46%
11/15/00
4.50%
11/22/00
4.71%
12/6/00
4.67%
12/13/00
4.58%
12/20/00
4.54%
12/28/00
4.63%
1/3/01
4.53%
1/17/01
4.29%
2/7/01
3.96%
2/21/01
4.21%
3/7/01
4.15%
4/4/01
4.24%
4/18/01
4.36%
5/2/01
4.39%
5/16/01
4.47%
6/4/01
4.47%
6/20/01
4.47%
7/4/01
4.47%
7/18/01
4.55%
8/1/01
4.59%
8/15/01
4.75%
9/5/01
4.68%
9/19/01
4.76%
10/3/01
4.63%
11/21/01
4.79%
12/5/01
4.65%
1/2/02
4.78%
2/6/02
4.54%
3/6/02
4.43%
4/3/02
4.08%
4/30/02
3.92%
6/5/02
3.71%
7/3/02
3.67%
8/7/02
3.79%
9/4/02
3.75%
10/2/02
3.71%
11/6/02
3.71%
12/4/02
3.31%
Privatizachia
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1998 - 2001 .
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Import

1989*
1990*
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
export
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
-381
321
122
37
-17
-885
-212
-32
-692
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
...
-310
-696
-685
-61
164
-198
-32
-360
-77
-769
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.3 1993 . - 31.08.2001 .
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
.3 /./
1,223
7,825
7,637
51,122
951,198
994,856
1,206,844
827,677
205,941
4,254,323
.3 /.../
44
144
114
187
571
569
655
395
94
2,773,185
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.27
1.67
1.75
1.84
2.10
2.19
( ) .3 1993 - 30.06.2001
1993 .
1994 .
1995 .
1996 .
1997 .
1998 .
1999 .
2000 .
.3 /.../
- (..)
...
11.5126737531
73.4998083067
136.1969359696
84.3259457768
371.6136083129
293.069979977
444.4638205104
392.5474671883
134.2640659218

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
1982.5
1763.2
1803.3
2239.3
2668.1
2865.2
309.2
252.9
349.2
401.6
441.6
489.0

88.9
80.8
97.9
122.1
167.0
214.4

132.9
108.4
193.1
201.3
193.8
190.7

40.2
30.8
34.2
41.1
65.5
62.6
71.3
72.4
64.6
76.8
43.1
53.1

66.3
27.5
22.5
36.2
25.2
26.0

1.5
39.9
31.7
34.5
15.5
23.0
1888.6
1775.9
1637.8
1235.7
1293.5
1807.3

1668.3
1624.4
1421.7
1016.4
1109.7
1582.4

144.8
108.5
168.8
176.8
144.3
182.4
59.6
43.6
39.3
83.5
122.9
75.8
7%
7%
8%
10%
16%
36%
7%
11%
11%
19%
32%
2%
4%
43%
10%
28%
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
1951.2
1878.6
2127.0
2114.1
2088.6
2473.8
590.4
539.8
655.4
508.4
496.9
734.9

378.4
372.8
442.2
334.9
293.2
492.8

165.0
112.0
128.2
110.5
146.6
189.5

20.4
24.1
32.8
33.0
23.6
17.6
411.2
362.0
223.4
193.0
316.5
523.0

38.2
194.6
103.4
77.7
164.0
374.7

303.0
115.3
79.8
76.4
105.4
110.3
888.7
906.0
845.6
520.2
358.7
293.3

511.6
451.1
373.8
223.3
189.6
118.7

185.6
155.0
143.1
108.0
67.4
59.6
73.5
71.4
93.6
30.7
17.2
20.4
1/ , , , , .
2/ , , , .
3/ , , , .
: , ,
, . .
.
3%
9%
17%
23%
25%
3%
9%
15%
28%
18%
39%
1%
N
Sector
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
41.00
165.20
72.10
1993
22.00
0.00
80.40
102.40
2261.00
4
Tourism
0.55
0.86
43.31
10.22
23.31
5.7
18.37
40.51
142.83
4.
11.50
5.90
28.60
13.
Insurance
0.00
24.30
4.90
14.
Construction
6.30
6.50
12.70
with foreign participation + reinvested earnings + joint ventures + credits by direct investor
15.
0.10
14.70
2.80
18.
Transport
6.20
-11.70
10.10
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
.
19.
Mining
0.00
2.70
0.00

0.11
56.63
111.43
16.16
53.10
31.44
55.70
101.30
72.30
498.17
20.
-0.90
1.70
0.00

0.01
0.22
5.17
2.27
1.19
0.42
2.06
23.02
339.70
374.06
22.
Tobacco
0.00
0.00
0.60

0.16
5.08
2.97
29.79
14.55
16.10
3.33
14.91
241.10
327.99
23.
Publishing
0.00
0.00
0.30

0.33
1.19
0.39
1.40
7.51
20.55
109.09
108.91
-11.30
238.07
24.
Total by years
34.42
102.37
210.86
162.63
256.36
636.16
619.96
806.1
1100














...
1993 -2000 .
1993-2000 . (...)
374
413
498
498.17
412.88
374.06
327.99
238.07
235.51
213.73
204.74
183.09
180.5
124.62
111.7
110.37
104.33
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

24635
0.182
32577
0.162
38722
0.130
72327
0.1376210156
134269
0.153
238470
0.136
1840974
0.108
2850802
0.132
3632
0.159
4111
0.162
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
884
1014
1277
1151
1562
1187
1231
1494
1514
1513
2090
128%
118%
79%
103%
96%
82%
83%
87%
85%
83%
* 31.03.2001 . 7 977 646
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
1,014
1,277
1,151
1,562
1,187
1,231
1,494
1,514
1,513
884.1835844337
1013.5652747823
1276.6259249628
1151.007428151
1562.3695540687
1186.9171517441
1231.4081514391
1494.4648303217
1513.8795899242
1512.5
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
...
7.6
8.6
10.83
9.65
12.91
9.26
10.19
12.27
12.45
12.03
12.54
13.09
1991
1991
1992
1992
1993
1993
1994
1994
1995
1995
1996
1996
1997
1997
1998
1998
1999
1999
2000
2000
39.7
32.3
34.1
47.1
47.4
37.9
40.6
34.5
46.0
49.2
49.3
41.0
37.2
44.0
46.1
37.6
40.7
42.7
48.5
49.6
0.4917039474
0.4959197368
0.4600465116
0.4847404651
0.345039537
0.4270244815
0.4056804124
0.4074224742
0.3791577099
0.3763307634
0.473659697
0.4613623232
0.4714661597
0.439995509
0.340934878
0.371882439
0.3230941276
0.4102728707
0.3966584158
0.4934570957
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fonte: Fonte del Governo e Istitoto Nazionale di Statistica
Ministero di Economia
Bulgaria
Fonte: Banca Nazionale Bulgara
Fonte: Banca Nazionale Bulgara
Fonte: Banca Nazionale Bulgara
Ministero di Economia
Stipendi annuali in (USD)
2750
5616.6666666667
1000
2800
600
1933.3333333333
300
516.6666666667
2750
5616.6666666667
1500
4233.3333333333
1000
3250
520
1566.6666666667
Chief Executive
Chief Executive

45
137
83
82
233
311
150
137
137
150
233
311

8800

5700

4100

3900

3500

3000

3000

2500

1400

1380

900

800
Languages-chart
BG
BG
BG
CZ
CZ
CZ
HU
HU
HU
PL
PL
PL
RO
RO
RO
SL
SL
SL
SK
SK
SK
English
German
French
75.8
34.1
22.7
95.6
81.3
17.1
54.9
46.4
6
86
61
16.7
76
11.7
83.7
94.6
82.4
9.1
94.2
82
10.8
Languages: Percentage of pupils studying foreign languages in secondary school, 1998/99
BG
CZ
HU
PL
RO
SL
SK
English
75.8
95.6
54.9
86
76
94.6
94.2
German
34.1
81.3
46.4
61
11.7
82.4
82
French
22.7
17.1
6
16.7
83.7
9.1
10.8
Ministero di Economia
Parametri Macroeconomici (1)
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Tassa corporativa
0% per le regioni con alta disoccupazione
accelerate norme di amortizzazione: 2 anni per computer, 3 1/3 anni per gli attrezzamenti
personali rediti imponibili
tassa massima - 29%
tassa da 0, 15, 22, 26 e 29% (dal 2003 .)
0% tassa sul profitto di base
Tassa sui profitti degli interessi
18
Tasse e Riforme Commerciali e nella contabilita`
Approvazione di internazionali standart di contabilita`(IAS) dal 2003 per le istituzioni finanziarie e per le compagnie pubbliche; per le altre compagnie dal 2005
Totale onere fiscale
2000 al 31.6% nel 2002
Valore delle aggiunte tasse
per importazione sui progetti d`investimento oltre 5 mil EUR, il termine per recupero del credito bancario e` diminuito da 4 a 3 mesi dal 2002
restituzione dell`IVA per esportati prodotti software
restrizione del somma per registrazione da 75,000 a 50,000 bg.leva
18
2002-2003
Nuovo fondo di titoli parzialmente sussidiato dallo stato che avra` lo scopo di procurara alternativobusuness finanziamento delle piccole e medie imprese in sviluppo
Creazione di zone industiali con agevolazioni nelle tasse per gli investitori di moneta forte sopratutto nelle arie con alta disoccupazione
Nuova legislazione che dara` a Bulgaria la piu` veloce in Europa procedura di liquidazione
18
Spese sociali come % del PIL
29.5
32.7
32.8
34.2
32.5
31.6
32.9
29.5
32.7
32.8
34.21
2.14
32.49
0.45
31.64
GDP, %
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001E
2002F
29.50
32.70
32.80
34.21
32.49
31.64
2.14
0.45
36.35
32.94
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
%
9.00
10.90
12.30
13.90
14.20
15.20
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
%
6.30
8.40
8.60
9.30
9.00
9.40
GDP, %
Spese sociali come % del PIL
%
32.94
36.25
1
9
10.9
12.3
13.9
14.2
15.2
Sheet3
0
0
0
0
0
0
%
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2002
%
29.50
32.80
32.80
34.20
29.20
1997
1998
1999
2000
2002
%
29.50
32.80
32.80
34.20
29.20
0
0
0
0
0
%
%
0
0
0
0
0
1
#REF!
%
1
0
0
0
0
0
%
%
0
0
0
0
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
%
3.90
4.90
5.20
4.90
4.00
3.90
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002

1077.5
1803.9
1953.4
2371.6
2574.1
2882.0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002

1189.5
1508.3
1754.7
2167.2
1907.0
1849.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
%
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
Ministero di Economia
EFTA Accordo
CEFTA membro
Accordi di libero commercio con Macedonia, Lithuania, Israel ed Estonia
Accordo di Commercio Completamente Libero con Latvia
19
CE
EFTA
CEFTA
Macedonia
Turchia
Estonia
Lituania
Israel
560 . .
.
Ministero di Economia
Bulgaria
Chart
Croazia
Slovenia
Ungheria
-1.5
-3.2
-3.5
-4.0
-4.0
-4.9
-5.1
-3.9
-1.8
-1
Chart1
Slovachia
Bulgaria
Romania
Polonia
Esportazione (per Regioni, %, 1995-2001)
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
GDP break-up by industry
National Statistic Institute, 2001
Construction
Services:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Private
55.9
63.4
62.4
64
69.6
71.7
Public
44.1
36.6
37.6
36
30.4
28.3
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
Switzerland
105.9
France
123.7
Turkey
128.5
Spain
129.8
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
Global IT IQ Report of March 2002 of Brainbench, Inc.
The data for the population is taken from the mid-2001 estimates of
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database and The World Factbook, 2000.
IT Certified Professionals in % of the Population
(World Top 10 Countries)
10.7
17.5
14.5
11.6
12.9
11.4
10.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Inflation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Importazione (per Regioni, %, 1995-2001)
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
GDP break-up by industry
National Statistic Institute, 2001
Construction
Services:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Private
55.9
63.4
62.4
64
69.6
71.7
Public
44.1
36.6
37.6
36
30.4
28.3
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
Switzerland
105.9
France
123.7
Turkey
128.5
Spain
129.8
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
Global IT IQ Report of March 2002 of Brainbench, Inc.
The data for the population is taken from the mid-2001 estimates of
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database and The World Factbook, 2000.
IT Certified Professionals in % of the Population
(World Top 10 Countries)
10.7
17.5
14.5
11.6
12.9
11.4
10.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Inflation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Esportazione (per Paesi %, Genn.-Agosto)
1999
2000
2001
2002
OECD
72.1
72.4
72.1
74.9
EU
56.3
55.4
54.9
56.7
CEFTA
4.3
3.6
4.7
5.5
CIS
8.7
5.9
5.6
4.5
Other
14.9
18.1
17.6
15.1
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
Sheet2
1999
2000
2001
2002
Italia
14.3
15.6
15.2
16.1
Grecia
8.9
8.4
9.4
10.4
Germania
10.7
9.4
9.6
9.6
Turchia
7.1
9.9
7.8
9.5
Francia
5.1
4.2
5.5
5.7
Belgio
5.6
7.3
6
4.5
USA
3.6
3.8
5.3
4.0
Spagna
2.3
2.3
3.3
3.0
Inghilterra
2.1
2.4
2.4
2.9
Sheet2
1999
2000
2001
2002
Sheet3
Ministero di Economia
?
34
102
211
163
256
636
620
819
1001
Flusso di Investimenti Sranieri
Chart4
Mineral products (cement, glass,...)
Other
Prododdi di petrolio chimici,prodotti di plastica e resina 9%. 290
Metalurgia 4%. 140
Telecom 7%. 230
Prodotti Minerali 8%. 249
Tessuti e abiti 3%. 91
Altri 15%. 466
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
Other secs by country
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
Switzerland
105.9
France
123.7
Turkey
128.5
Spain
129.8
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
Mineral products (cement, glass,...)
Other
688.9
462.5
289.8
249.2
229.6
139.7
120.6
118.8
105.6
104.8
90.5
73
465.9
(World Top 10 Countries)
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Flusso di Investimenti Stranieri per Paesi
(USD m, fino al 2001)
Chart4
(14)Francia
(13)Svizzera
(12)Spagna
(11)Turchia
Austria
GDP break-up by industry
National Statistic Institute, 2001
Construction
Services:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Private
55.9
63.4
62.4
64
69.6
71.7
Public
44.1
36.6
37.6
36
30.4
28.3
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
(14)Francia
122.1
(13)Svizzera
122.7
(12)Spagna
129.3
(11)Turchia
136
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
3138.9
Telecom
229.6
Total FDI
22
Global IT IQ Report of March 2002 of Brainbench, Inc.
The data for the population is taken from the mid-2001 estimates of
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database and The World Factbook, 2000.
IT Certified Professionals in % of the Population
(World Top 10 Countries)
10.7
17.5
14.5
11.6
12.9
11.4
10.9
Inflation
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997-2001
2002-2006
600
950
1997-2001
2002-2006
74
121
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
bgdream:
Enterprises shares
Specific parts
Average FDI per year
Average FDI per capita
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
129
133133
131131
135
132
133
142
123
117
104
106
114
115
118
116
117
123
118
121
119
125
129
135
129
128
100
110
120
130
140
150
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
NovemberDecember
200020012002
MBD00213F8B.
completamente nuova legge basata sulla filosofia
la proprieta` statale su piu` di 1,600 industrie e`dichiarata disponibilita` per privatizzazione
non ci sono preferenze nell`approccio management
termini limitati nel pagamento a rate
concentrazione dei processi di privetizzazione nelle strutture
nuova Agenzia di Controllo Post-Privatizzazione
Privatizzazione (1)
Privatizzazione (2)
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
GDP break-up by industry
National Statistic Institute, 2001
Construction
Services:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Private
55.9
63.4
62.4
64
69.6
71.7
Public
44.1
36.6
37.6
36
30.4
28.3
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
Switzerland
105.9
France
123.7
Turkey
128.5
Spain
129.8
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
Global IT IQ Report of March 2002 of Brainbench, Inc.
The data for the population is taken from the mid-2001 estimates of
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database and The World Factbook, 2000.
IT Certified Professionals in % of the Population
(World Top 10 Countries)
10.7
17.5
14.5
11.6
12.9
11.4
10.9
tax
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Inflation
Privatisation
1996
1996
1997
1997
1998
1998
1999
1999
2000
2000
2001
2001
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
bgdream:
Enterprises shares
Specific parts
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
La Borsa di merci bulgara – Sofia
20% crescita in mezzi in circolazione in 2001 rispetto l`anno precedente
meta` ottobre 2002, l`indice del mercato deli capitali (SOFIX) arrivato a 154.6, an increase of 119% since the June 2001 parliamentary elections
Misure per la protezione dei diritti dei minori azionisti
Nuova Legge di Privatizzazione che segnala nuova epoca nella privatizzazione bulgara basata sull`approccio della trasparenza, rapidita` e stipulazione di affari di grande successo
Mercati di Capitali (1)
Grandi cambiamenti sono state fatte nella Legge delle Assicurazioni
E` stata approvata la lista composta di 1,080 compagnie con partecipazione statale nella proprieta` del capitale per la cui privatizzazione sono accettati diversi tipi di vaulcer. Le azioni di 114 di queste compagnie partecipano nel mercato delle merci
Mercati di Capitali (2)
Ministero di Economia
In maggio 2002, il Governo ha votato di promuovere 20% (circa 72 dalle 360) dalle esistenti licenze, permessi e regime di registrazione, e di semplificare altre 33% (c. 120 dalle 360) di esse
Nuova legge per la regolazione dell`attivita` economica in processo di preparazione, ha lo scopo di regolare le misure relative alla registrazione e regime permissivo di qualsiasi carattere. Il concetto del “silenzioso consenso” sta per essere introdotto, sostituendo il vecchio concetto di “silenzioso refuto”
Business Clima e Riduzione della Burocrazia (1)
Ministero di Economia
Attivita`della corte riguardo le compagnie
Riforme radicali del Codice Commerciale nella parte delle liquidazioni e le procedure di fallimento
Accordo di Trasparenza Internazionale di dati nel periodo 1998-2001 Bulgaria si e` mossa dal 66 al 47 posto nella lista basata sull`indice internazionale della corruzione
Business Clima e Riduzione della Burocrazia (2)
Ministero di Economia
Competitiveness Report 2002-2003
*
Progresso ai paesi candidati nel processo dei negoziati dal 01/10/2002
Chart12
Cipro
Cipro
Lituania
Lituania
Slovenia
Slovenia
Estonia
Estonia
Slovachia
Slovachia
Latvia
Latvia
Polonia
Polonia
Ungheria
Ungheria
Austria
Country
Company
Investment
Belgium
INTERBREW
Cyprus
GDP break-up by industry
National Statistic Institute, 2001
Construction
Services:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Private
55.9
63.4
62.4
64
69.6
71.7
Public
44.1
36.6
37.6
36
30.4
28.3
Industry
Country
Investors
Country
Denmark
5.8
Japan
9.1
Sweden
10.3
Czech
10.5
Malta
11.2
Liechtenstein
12
Israel
17.5
Hungary
18.8
Ireland
23
Luxemburg
57.6
Korea
59.8
Switzerland
105.9
France
123.7
Turkey
128.5
Spain
129.8
Privatisation
Total FDI
Financial intermediation* 44%
1.8
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
Total
Sector
1998
1999
2000
2001*
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
41
165.2
72.1
11.5
289.8
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
11.5
5.9
28.6
27
73
Construction
6.3
6.5
12.7
18.8
44.3
Other
465.9
0.1
14.7
2.8
8.1
25.7
-0.9
1.7
0
0.6
1.4
Other
5.5
88.8
99.7
122.7
316.7
Total FDI
Global IT IQ Report of March 2002 of Brainbench, Inc.
The data for the population is taken from the mid-2001 estimates of
U.S. Census Bureau, International Database and The World Factbook, 2000.
IT Certified Professionals in % of the Population
(World Top 10 Countries)
10.7
17.5
14.5
11.6
12.9
11.4
10.9
Monthly salary, EUR
7.3
Social security, unemployment fund and health care contributions as % of monthly salary
42.7 (75% payed by the employer)
Corporate tax, %
Aggregate rate, %
Price of arable land, year 2001, average EUR/1000 sq mile
35-179
25-35
299
0.13
0.16
2.56/4.62
Electricity for industrial use, EUR
3 tariff-reading
day
0.050
night
0.027
Ministero di Economia
L`istruzione nelle scuole medio-superiori in Bulgaria e tra le piu` elevate nel mondo negli ultimi anni: 5 posto nel mondo delle scienze, 11 posto per la matematica
Il secondo posto per i bulgari nei test internazionali della MENSA
I bulgari sono tra i primi studenti nelle universita` del mondo (2 posto nel mondo per test SAT )
Molti studeni all`estero
A top-quality MBA (Master of Business Administration) programma che iniziera` in 2003
Educazione
PaesiCompagnie
Totale onere fiscale come % del PILSpese sociali come % del PIL
36.2
20.4
16.6
19.0
16.9
11.4
8.4
8
12
16
20
199619971998199920002001
309
256
409
412
342
147
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
-1.0
-1.8
-3.9
-4.8-4.8
-5.9
-6.2
-8.0
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2