Pier Franco Pellegrini, Monica Gherardelli, Maurizio Tommasini, Gabriele Poli, Giulia Adembri...

Pier Franco Pellegrini, Monica Gherardelli, Maurizio Tommasini, Gabriele Poli, Giulia Adembri

Geographic data and metadata coding and network services management for the

interoperability of satellite geophysical products on a regional scale

The European Association of Remote

Sensing Laboratories

Satellite Receiving Station of Polo Universitario di

Prato (PIN), Italy

Electronic & Telecommunication Department (DET) - University of

Florence, Italy

27th EARSeL SymposiumGeoinformation in EuropeJune 4-7, 2007Bozen/Bolzano, Italy

June 4-7, 2007 - Bolzano, Italy

27th EARSeL Symposium - Geoinformation in Europe

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Satellite Receiving Station of Polo Universitario di Prato (PIN):Direct reception and real-time elaboration of satellite data

http://maresat.ing.unifi.it

Prato, Italy [ 43°53',134 N; 11°05',942 E]

• Direct reception of data from METEOSAT7, MSG, NOAA satellites

• Software developement for real-time processing of satellite data

• Availability of TOVS-ATOVS, SSM/I, MODIS data

• Maintenance and updating of the Receiving Station data archive (satellite data available since 1997)

• Managing of network services for browsing archive products and for data sharing



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Satellite Receiving Station of Polo Universitario di Prato (PIN): Hardware for reception and real-time elaboration of satellite data

METEOSAT7, MSG reception antenna (Ku band)

NOAA satellites reception antenna

Hardware for data acquisition and processing



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Telecommunication Laboratory, University of Florence:Algorithm and procedures developement for data processing

• Continuous environmental monitoring of regional scale zones

• Developement and calibration of algorithms for land/sea geophysical products estimation from satellite data

• Developement of procedures for satellite data analysis and interpretation

http://labtele.det.unifi.it



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Satellite Receiving Station of Polo Universitario di Prato (PIN):Recent research projects involving metadata management

1999-2004 Monitoraggio in Continuo del Mare dell’Arcipelago Toscano da Satellite (Regional Agency for the Tuscan Environment – ARPAT)

2004-2006 SEDEMED II, Secheresse et Desertification dans le Bassin Mediterranee (Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Applications – DIIAA, Regional Hydrographic Office – Sicily Region) Department of Hydraulic Engineering and

Environmental Applications (DIIAA) - University of Palermo, Italy

Regional Agency for the Tuscan

Environment (ARPAT) - Italy



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Satellite Receiving Station of Polo Universitario di Prato (PIN):Archive of satellite products – Data Repository

Satellite productAvailable images

Period

Raw data AVHRR-NOAA 33'70013.07.1997 – 31.05.2007

Raw data MVIRI-METEOSAT7

80'250

22.02.2001 – 01.01.200220.12.2003 – 31.12.2006

Raw data SEVIRI-MSG 50'00001.01.2006 – 31.05.2007

Raw data SSM/I-DMSP 5'06001.01.1998 – 31.05.2007

Raw data SeaWiFS-SeaStar 7907.10.1997 – 03.03.1998

Projected LST, NDVI (Sicily)

23001.04.2006 – 30.08.2006

Projected SST (Tuscany) 1'00013.07.1997 – 31.05.2007



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The Standardization approach

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)

Geographic Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF)

Hierarchical Data Format (HDF)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)



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Relevant dates for INSPIRE regarding satellite data and metadata

15.05.2007 INSPIRE directive entered into force for Member States

15.05.2009 Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with INSPIRE directive

15.05.2012 Final deadline: adoption of implementing rules also for spatial themes such as: Digital Elevation Models, Land Cover Products, Orthoimagery

02.02.2007 Draft Implementing Rules for Metadata published on the INSPIRE internet site

Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the Community

(INSPIRE)



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• Adaptation of Receiving Station current processing and archiving procedures to international standards

• Estraction and organization of metadata following INSPIRE implementing rules and ISO 19115

• Special focus on quality information following ISO 19115 and 19114

• Developement of network services for browsing data/metadata repository

• Adoption of Extensible Markup Language (XML) for metadata coding following ISO 19139

• Adoption of widely used storage formats for data files like Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) and Geographic Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF)

Description of work – Recent research activity of the Receiving Station



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Data processing and metadata management

Data and metadata repositories are maintained up-to-date during data reception and processing



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Characteristics of the geophysical product types

product typeland/sea mask

cloud mask

coastlines, reticulate, palette, other artefacts

storage file format

non-gelocated (only single-pass products)

no no no HDF

geolocated (single-pass and monthly products)

yes

optional (single-pass products); yes (montly products)

noHDF, GeoTIFF

TIFF/JPEG image (single-pass and monthly products)

yes yes yes TIFF, JPEGGeolocated products registered with Mercator WGS84 projection with bilinear or nearest neighbour interpolation

HDF format used for general purpose

GeoTIFF format used especially for geolocated images

TIFF, JPEG formats used only for presentation purpose

Artefacts, land/sea mask based on coastlines available in vectorial form

Cloud mask obtained with threshold algorithms



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Examples of geolocated products (JPEG-TIFF format)

Product title:Land Surface Temperature (LST), Mercator (WGS84) Map of Sicily

Date/time: 16.03.2005, 13:14 UTC

Product type:Geolocated JPEG image registered with nearest neighbour interpolation

Data source: AVHRR/NOAA16

Represent. scale: 1:2'000'000

Temperature palette: 0 – 32°C



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Product title:Land Surface Temperature (LST), Mercator (WGS84) Map of West Sicily

Date/time: 08.05.2005, 01:41 UTC




Temperature palette: –8 – 24°C



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Product title:Monthly average Land Surface Temperature (LST), Mercator (WGS84) Map of Sicily

Date/time: July 2004


Data source: AVHRR/NOAA





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Examples of geolocated products (JPEG-TIFF format)Product title:

Monthly composite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Mercator (WGS84) Map of Sicily

Date/time: April 2006


Data source: SEVIRI/MSG


NDVI palette: –0.2 – +0.8



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Product title:Monthly composite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Mercator (WGS84) Map of Sicily

Date/time: August 2006




NDVI palette: –0.2 – +0.8



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Experimented tecniques: Bilinear Segmented Interpolation

Sharpening effect along

the coastline in the

interpolated imageProduct title:

Digital counts (ch.3), Mercator (WGS84) Map of Tuscan Archipelago

Date/time: 12.07.1997, 12:58 UTC

Product type:Geolocated JPEG image registered with segmented interpolation

Data source:AVHRR/NOAA12



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Product title:Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Mercator (WGS84) Map of Tuscan Archipelago

Date/time: 12.05.2002, 12:58 UTC

Product type:Geolocated JPEG image registered with bilinear interpolation






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Product title:Monthly average Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Mercator (WGS84) Map of Tuscany

Date/time: May 2002







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Contents of metadata categories in the INSPIRE implementing rules

category of metadata

contents

discovery metadata (level 1 & 2)

the minimum amount of information that needs to be provided to convey to the user the nature and content of the geographic resource

metadata on metadata

information about metadata management, such as metadata point of contact, creation date and language

evaluation metadata

the amount of information sufficient to enable a user to ascertain that a spatial resource fit for a given purpose exists, to evaluate its properties, and to reference some point of contact for more information

use metadata

information required to access, transfer, load, interpret, and apply a spatial resource in the end application where it is exploited (including projection and geometric characteristics, and other parameters that are useful to human and machine in the proper use of spatial resources)

Organization of metadata follows ISO 19115



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Quantitative quality information: Evaluation method description

ISO 19115 data quality class evaluationMethodDescription (attr n. 104)

DQ_CompletenessCommissiondivide number of pixels not included in the image by count of image pixels

DQ_CompletenessOmissiondivide number of lacking pixels by count of image pixels

DQ_ConceptualConsistencydivide number of pixels not representing SST (e.g. land pixels) by count of image pixels

DQ_DomainConsistencydivide number of pixels whose value is out of the range of acceptable values by count of image pixels

DQ_FormatConsistencydivide number of pixels whose data type is incorrect by count of image pixels

DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy

evaluate RMSE (root mean square error) of image pixel geolocation (in meters)

DQ_AccuracyOfATimeMeasurementevaluate absolute error in the instant of the first satellite scan line processed to obtain the image (in seconds)

DQ_ThematicClassificationCorrectness

divide number of badly classified pixels (e.g. land instead of sea and cloudy instead of free) by count of image pixels

DQ_QuantitativeAttributeAccuracyevaluate RMSE (root mean square error) of image pixel SST values (in Kelvin) with respect to true values (e.g. derived from in situ measurements, if available)

Adopted quantitative quality information classes defined in ISO 19114 and 19115



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Network services: query interface

Products searched through metadata repository of the Satellite Receiving Station using a few attributes whose values are selectable among a group

of fixed entries



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List of available archive products: for each product the whole metadata set can be viewed in an HTML page or

downloaded as an XML coded text file following ISO 19139

Network services: result interface



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For a selected product, discovery metadata (level 1 & 2), metadata on metadata, evaluation metadata and use metadata can be viewed on an

HTML page




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Discovery metadata level 2 and metadata on metadata sets viewed on an HTML page

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XML coding examples (ISO 19139)<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><MD_Metadata xmlns="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd" xmlns:gco="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco" xmlns:gts="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gts" xmlns:gss="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gss" xmlns:gsr="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gsr" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml">  <language> <gco:CharacterString>eng</gco:CharacterString> </language> <identificationInfo> <MD_DataIdentification> <citation> <CI_Citation> <title xsi:type="PT_FreeText_PropertyType"> <gco:CharacterString>single-pass SST</gco:CharacterString> <PT_FreeText> <textGroup> <LocalisedCharacterString>single-pass SST</LocalisedCharacterString> </textGroup> </PT_FreeText> </title> </CI_Citation> </citation> </MD_DataIdentification> </identificationInfo> </MD_Metadata>

Instantiation of an MD_Metadata element with MD_DataIdentification element

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XML coding examples (ISO 19139)

Instantiation of an MD_Georectified element

<MD_Georectified> <numberOfDimensions> <gco:Integer>2</gco:Integer> </numberOfDimensions> <axisDimensionProperties> <MD_Dimension>  </MD_Dimension> </axisDimensionProperties> <cellGeometry> <MD_CellGeometryCode codeList="http://www.tc211.org/ISO19139/resources/codeList.xml#MD_CellGeometryCode" codeListValue="point">area</MD_CellGeometryCode> </cellGeometry> <transformationParameterAvailability> <gco:Boolean>true</gco:Boolean> </transformationParameterAvailability> <cornerPoints> <gml:Point srsName="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:6.12:4326"> <gml:pos dimension="2">42.20 9.20</gml:pos> </gml:Point> <gml:Point srsName="urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:6.12:4326"> <gml:pos dimension="2">44.50 12.40</gml:pos> </gml:Point> </cornerPoints> <pointInPixel> <MD_PixelOrientationCode>lowerLeft</MD_PixelOrientationCode> </pointInPixel> </MD_Georectified>



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Important Note

MSG data (METEOSAT Second Generation) showed to in this presentation originate from EUMETSAT.

They were obtained through the license issued by Servizio Meteorologico dell’Aeronautica Militare

(Ministero della Difesa conv. N. 4123/62 of 15.11.2005 and Prot. N.M-DGTEL/4123/2508 of 25.01.2007)

Thank you for your attention!



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EU (EUROPEAN UNION) 2007. Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007, establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE). Official Journal of the European Union, L108/1-14, 25 April 2007

HDF (Hierarchical Data Format) Group 2005. HDF5 User’s Guide (Preliminary Version for Release 1.6.5). National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign (UIUC), November 2005 (http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/HDF5/doc/PSandPDF/HDF5_UG_r165pre.pdf)

INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) – DT Metadata 2007. Draft Implementing Rules for Metadata (D1.3). DT Metadata, 2007 (http://www.ec-gis.org/inspire/reports/ImplementingRules/draftINSPIREMetadataIRv2_20070202.pdf)

ISO (International Standards Organization) 2003a. ISO 19114:2003, Geographic information – Quality evaluation procedures. TC 211 Technical committee “Geographic information/Geomatics”, ISO 2003

ISO (International Standards Organization) 2003b. ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information – Metadata. TC 211 Technical committee “Geographic information/Geomatics”, ISO 2003

ISO (International Standards Organization) 2007. ISO/PRF TS 19139:2007, Geographic information – Metadata, XML schema implementation. TC 211 Technical committee “Geographic information/Geomatics”, ISO 2007

Ritter N. & Ruth M. 2000. GeoTIFF Revision 1.0, Version: 1.8.2. 28 December 2000 (ftp://ftp.remotesensing.org/pub/geotiff/spec/geotiff.rtf.Z)

The Apache Software Foundation, 2005. Xerces-C++ Documentation, Version 2.7.0, 19.09.2005. (http://xml.apache.org/xerces-c/pdf/xerces-c.pdf)

WMO (World Meteorological Organization) 2004. Manual On The Global Telecommunication System, Volume I, Global Aspects, WMO–No. 386, Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2004, ISBN 92-63-12386-14

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