patologi respirasi
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RESPIRATORY
PATHOLOGY
BLOK IV KBK
FK-UMI
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LUNG DISEASE
INFECTION
NON INFECTION TUBERCULOSIS
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LUNG DISEASE
INFECTION
- BRONCHITIS
- BRONCHIOLITIS- PNEUMONIA
* BRONCHO PNEUMONIA
* LOBAR PNEUMONIA SPECIAL PNEUMONIA
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BRONCHITIS
ACUTE : SPREAD ACUTE
LARYNGOTRACHEO
BRONCHITIS (CROUP)
SEVERE (CHILD)
ETIO : RSV, H. INFL, STREP.
PNEUMONIA
CLINIC : COUGH, PURULENT,
SPUTUM
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BRONCHITIS
CHRONIC: - ACUTA CHRONICA
- COUGH > 3 MONTH /
2 YRS
ETIO : SMOKER, POLUTION, INF.STR. PNEMONIA, H. INFLUENZAE,
RSV, ADENOVIRUS
CLINIC : MAN
HYPERCAPNIA,HYPOXCEMIA, CYANOSIS ( BLUE
BLOATERS ) EMPHYSEMA
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PNEUMONIA
ALVEOLAR INFLAMMATION
HIGH PROTEIN EXUDATE
PMN,LYMPHOCYTE &MACROPHAGE INFILTRATION
LOBAR &
BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
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PNEUMONIA
CLINIC : - PRIMAIR
- SECUNDARY
ETIO :
- BACTERIAL
* STREP. PNEUMONIA
* STAPH. AUREUS
* M. TUBERCULOSA, ETC
- VIRAL * INFLUENZAE, MEASLESS
- YEAST* CRYPTOCOCCUS,
CANDIDA, ASPERGILLUS
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PNEUMONIA
ETIO : OTHERS PNEUMOCYSTISCARINII, MYCOPLASMA, ASPIRA-
TION, LIPID & EOSINIPHYLIC
HOST REACTION :
- FIBROUS
- SUPURATIVE
ANATOMIC :
- BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
- PNEUMONIA LOBARIS
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BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
CONSOLIDATION PLAQUE
BRONCHIOLUS & BRONCHUS
AROUND ALVEOLI
INFANT & OLD & WEAKNESS
PATIENT ( CA, CARDIAC FAILURE,
CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE, TRAUMA-
TIC CEREBROVASCULAR), ACUTE
BRONCHITIS, CHRONIC OBSTR. RESP.TRACT,OR CYSTIC FIBROSIS & POST
OP.
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BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
- LESION :
- FOCAL (CENTRE OFRESPIRATORY TRACT) / PLAQUE
- BILATERAL ( BASAL )
- AUSCULTATION CREPITATION
- ETIO :- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- H. influenzae- Coliform, Yeast
- HP :- ACUTE INFLAMMATION + EXUDATE
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LOBAR PNEUMONIA
ALL OF LOBUS
INFANT & OLD PATIENT WOMEN
90 % STREP. PNEUMONIA
(PNEUMOCOCCUS)
CLINIC COUGH RUSHTY SPUTUM
FEBRIS (40OC), INSPIRATION
PAIN, BRONCH ASPIRATION KLEBSIELLA OLD, DM, ALKOHOLIC
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PNEUMONIA (STADIUM)
CONGESTION :
- I 24 HRS
- EXUDATE (PROTEIN)
ALVEOLI SPACE
- OEDEMA PULMONAL
- RED COLOUR
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RED HEPATISATION
- > 24 HRS DAYS
- ACCUMULATION
(LYMPHOCYTE, MACROPHAGE) ALVEOLAR
- EXTRAVASATION RED CELLS
- FIBRINOUS EXUDATE
(PLEURAL)
- GAS (-) , CONSOLIDATION(HEPAR)
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GRAY HEPATISATION
- FEW DAYS (STAD II)
- FIBRINE (ACCUMULATION)- WHITE & RED CELLS (LYSIS)
- DARK GRAY
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RESOLUTION :
- 8 10 DAYS UNTREATED
- EXUDATE & INFILTRATION
DEBRIS (ABSORB)
- ALVEOLUS WALL (N)
- ALL OF CASE RECOVERY
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PNEUMONIA NON INFECTION
ASPIRATION
- LIQUID / FOOD
CONSOLIDATION
INFLAMMATION (SECONDAIRY)- RISK FACTOR : POST OP, COMA,
STUPOR, LARYNX CA, ETC
- LESION : POSITION !!
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LIPID PNEUMONIA
- ENDOGENOBSTRUCTION
(MACROPHAGE GIANT
CELL)
- EXOGEN
PARAFFIN LIQUID
INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS
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EOSINIPHYLIC PNEUMONIA
- EOSINOPHYL >
INTERSTITIAL & ALVEOLI(ASTHMA, ASPERGILLUS,
MICROPHYLARIA),
LOEFFLER SYNDROME(IDIOPATIC)
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TUBERCULOSIS
ETIO : M. TUBERCULOSE
LOC : - LUNG >>
- ETC
CLINIC : - VARIATION
- DYSPNOE
- LOSS BODY WEIGH
- FEBRIS - DISTRESS
- SWEATING - COUGH
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TYPE : - PRIMAIR
- SECUNDAIR
- MILIER
DX CLINICAL SIGN
LAB : - SPUTUM - MANTOUX
- BLOOD
RADIOLOGY
IMMUNISATION BCG
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PRIMAIR :
- FIRST CONTACT
- PRIMAIR LESION (GHON
LESION) + REG.
LYMPHNODE (GHONCOMPLEX)
- FIBROCALCIFICATION,
BACIL (+)
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SECUNDAIR :
- REACTIVATION (PRIMAIR)
- LOC APEX ( +/- BILATERAL )
- FIBROCALCIFICATION
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MILIER
- PRIMAIR / SECUNDAIR
- IMMUNITY >,
- POLUTION
STREP. PNEUMONIAH. INFLUENZAE &
VIRAL SEVERE
HYPERCAPNIA, HYPOXIA &
CYANOSIS (BLUE BLOATERS)
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EMPHYSEMA
ALVEOLUS DILATATION +ELASTICITY (
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OTHER FORM
- BULOSA EMPHYSEMA
- INTERSTITIAL EMPHYSEMA
- SENILE EMPHYSEMA CLINIC :
- DYSPNOE
- COUGH
- SPUTUM
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ASTHMA
BRONCHUS IRRITABLE (+)
BRONCHUS SPASM MUCOUS (>>)OBSTRUCTIONDYSPNOE
TYPE : - ATOPIC
- NON ATOPIC- ASPIRINE INDUCED
- OCCUPATIONAL
- ALLERGIC (ASPERGILLUS)
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ATOPIC ASTHMA
ENVIRONMENT MATERIAL
HYPERSENSIVITY
REACTIONBRONCHUS
CONSTRICTION
TACHYPNOE, DYSPNOE
STATUS ASTHMATICUS
DEAD
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NON ATOPIC ASTHMA
T. RESP. INFECTION
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
ALLERGEN TEST (-)
LOCAL IRRITATION
BRONCHUS CONSTRICTION
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ASPIRINE INDUCED ASTHMA
MECHANISM (?)
+/- PROSTAGLANDINE
DECREASE / LEUKORINE
INCREASE RESP. TR.
IRRITABLE
RHINITIS, NASAL POLYPS,
URTICARIA (+)
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OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA
REACTIVE HYPERSENSIVITY(ALLERGEN)
DYSPNOE
COUGH (CHRONIC)ALLERGEN :
- WOOD
- CHEMICAL- ETC
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ASPERGILLUS BRONCHITIS ALLERGY
SPORA ASPERGILLUS
FUMIGATUS HYPERSEN-
SITIVITAS REAC DYSPNOE
MUCOUS GLOBULE
ASPERGILLUS HYPAE (+)
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BROCHIECTASIS
ETIO :
- BRONCHUS OBSTRUCTION
- INFECTION (SEVERE)
- CONGENITAL () + BLOOD
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CLINIC :
- LOBUS INFERIOR + INFECTION
- CLUBBING FINGER
COMPLICATION
PNEUMONIA, EMPIEMA,
SEPTICAEMIA, MENINGITIS,
ABSCESS METASTASIS(CEREBRAL), AMYLOID (+)
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PNEUMOCONIOSIS
DUST: INORGANIC / ORGANIC
TISSUE REACTION :
- MILD
- FIBROUS
- ALLERGIC
- NEOPLASTIC
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COAL WORKERS
PNEUMOCONIOSIS
SILICOSIS
ASBESTOSIS
HYPERSENSITIVITY
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CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG
Squamous cell.
Adenocarcinoma.
Large Cell Undifferentiated
Carcinoma.
Small Cell Undifferentiated
(Oat Cell) Carcinoma.
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PLEURA
EFFUSION
NEOPLASMS OF THE PLEURA
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PLEURAL EFFUSION
A collection of fluid in the
pleural cavity.
Transudate Low specific
gravity, low protein concentrat,and lack of inflammatory cells.
Exudates : specific gravity over
1.015, a protein level of over 1.5g/dL, and many inflammatory
cells.
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Empyema : Bacterial infection
commonly produces a frankly
purulent exudate.
Hemorrhagic exudates occur inmalignant effusions, TB, uremia,
and pulmonary infarction.
Cytologic examination ofeffusion sediment malignant
neoplasia .
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CHYLOTHORAX
Chylothorax : Secific kind of pleural
effusion characterized by
accumulation of chyle in the pleural
cavity. Chyle : Milky fluid of high fat content
that is normally present in the
thoracic duct.
Evidence of an abnormalcommunication between the thoracic
duct and the pleura.
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Neoplasms of the Pleura
Primary Mesothelial Neoplasm.
Secondary Pleural Neoplasms.
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Primary Mesothelial Neoplasm
Benign Fibrous Mesothelioma.
Malignant mesothelioma.
Rare neoplasm strongly related
etiologically to asbestos exposure;many cases have occurred in World
War II shipyard workers.
There is a long lag period (as long as
40 years) between asbestos
exposure and tumor development.
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Secondary Pleural Neoplasms
Direct involvement of the pleura
by lung carcinoma is the most
common secondary pleural
neoplasm. Metastases from distant sites
the breast, colon, kidney, and
thyroid.