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CARACAS, JULIO 11-16 DE 1977

SEPTIEME CONGRES INTERNATIONAL D'ETUDES

DES CIVILISATIONS PRECOLOMBIENNES

DES PETITES ANTILLES

SÉPTIMO CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL PARA EL ESTUDIO

DE LAS CULTURAS PRE-COLOMBINAS

DE LAS ANTILLAS MENORES

SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS FOR THE STUDY

OF PRE-COLOMBIAN CULTURES

OF THE LESSER ANTILLES

A <2£ nt%E a hzxch. znzïchzi. caxaïuzi

1978

The Proceedings of the International Congresses for the Study of the

Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles are now published at the Centre

de recherches caraïbes of the Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada by the

Editors, Jean Benoist and Francine-M. Mayer with the assistance of Elisabeth

Crosnier. This is in accordance with the desire expressed by the late Dr.

Ripley P. Bullen of the Florida State Museum, Gainesville, who edited the

proceedings from the second Congress held in Barbados in 1963 until the sixth

in Guadeloupe in 1975.

Publications du Centre de recherches caraïbes

L. A l l a i r e .Vers une préhistoire des Petites Antilles, 1973, 53p . , $2.00 S. Pharand -La vannerie caraïbe du Morne-des-Esses, Martinique, 1974, 69p . , $5.25 Anonyme .L'histoire de Vlsle de Grenade en Amérique, 1975, 208p., $10.25

áaá C CARACAS, JULIO 11-16 DE 1977

SEPTIEME CONGRES INTERNATIONAL D'ETUDES

DES CIVILISATIONS PRECOLOMBIENNES

DES PETITES ANTILLES

SÉPTIMO CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL PARA EL ESTUDIO

DE LAS CULTURAS PRE-COLOMBINAS

DE LAS ANTILLAS MENORES

SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS FOR THE STUDY

OF PRE-COLOMBIAN CULTURES

OF THE LESSER ANTILLES

A czntxs. as. xscnsxansi. caxa'drsi.

1978 -J"! ; ;'< i ¿-'- L t

Dépôt légal, 2ème trimestre 1978 Bibliothèque nationale du Québec

-1978-

Compte-rendu des communications du

SEPTIEME CONGRES INTERNATIONAL D'ETUDES DES CIVILISATIONS PRECOLOMBIENNES DES PETITES ANTILLES

11-16 juillet 1977, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas

Liste des participants VII

Table des matières XV

I- Hommages au Pr. Bullen 1

II- Rapports archéologiques: descriptifs et comparatifs 27

III- Ethnologie, ethno-histoire et interprétations 243

* * * * *

Proceedings of the

SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS FOR THE STUDY OF PRE-COLUMBIAN CULTURES OF THE LESSER ANTILLES

Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, July 11-16, 1977

List of Participants VII

Contents XV

I- Homage to Prof. Bullen 1

II- Archaeological reports: descriptive and comparative 27

III- Ethnology, ethnohistory and interpretations 243

* * * * *

Quelques jours avant sa mort le Pr. Ripley P. Bullen m'écrivait pour me demander d'assurer sa succession dans l'édition des comptes-rendus des Congrès internationaux d'études des civilisations précolombiennes des Petites Antilles. Grâce à l'aide de Madame Bullen et à la collaboration du Dr. Iraida Vargas Arenas de l'Université Centrale de Caracas, au concours du Pr. Philip Smith et l'aide de Madame Francine Mayer de l'Université de Montréal, ce volume a pu sortir de presse dans les délais requis. Il est édité en hommage au Pr. Bullen qui a su donner aux volumes 2 à 6 de ces comptes-rendus une grande qualité.

Jean Beno-ist

LISTE DES PARTICIPANTS

AGUDO, Ximena. Calle Zambrano, Cota, Irazú, 4a. Transv. con 5a. avenida, Los Pa­los Grandes, Caracas, Venezuela.

ALBORNOZ, José. Escuela de Sociología y Antropología, U.C.V., Calle Leoncio Mar­tínez no. 20, El Guarataro, Caracas, Venezuela.

ALVARADO D., Gerson. Fundación Lisandro Alvarado, Av. Instituto, Edif. Alsis, Pi­so 3, Apto. 7, Los Rosales, Caracas, Venezuela.

ANDERSON, Karen. Fundación Arqueológica, Antropológica e Historica de Puerto Ri­co, Padre Las Casas 205, Hato Rey, Puerto Rico 00918.

ÁNGULO VALDES, Carlos. Director, Departamento de Sociales y Humanidades, Univer­sidad del Norte, Carrera 45, no. 63-25, Barranquilla, Colombia.

ARECHABALETA, Gentsane. Av. José Félix Sosa, Quinta Silenia, La Floresta, Caracas, Venezuela.

ARVELO, Lilliam. I.V.I.C, Apartado 66.259, Las Americas, Caracas 106, Venezuela. BALESTRINI, Miriam. Calle 10, Quinta Miriam, La Boyera, Caracas, Venezuela. BALTODANO, Miguel. Res. Or, Apto. 122, Av. Panteón, Esq. San Ramon, Caracas, Ve­

nezuela. BANGOU, Henri. Imm. Gontrand Sablier no.3, Rue des Cités Unies, 97110 Pointe-à-

Pitre (Guadeloupe). 3ARB0TIN, Maurice. Membre de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe, Camp militai­

re du Gommier, Baie Mahault, Guadeloupe. BOERSTRA, Egbert H.J. Archeologisch Instituut der Nederlandse Antillen, Afd. Aru­

ba, P.O. Box 718, Aruba, N.A. BRICENO PACHECO, Virgilio. Avenida 9 de Diciembre, Edif. Araguaney, Piso 7, Apto.

7B, El Paraiso, Caracas, Venezuela. BULLEN, Adelaide. Adj. Curatos of Anthropology, Florida State Museum, University

of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. CACERES, Enrique. Urb. Gran Colombia, Calle Principal, Quinta Chen, Caracas, Vene­

zuela. CAMERO PASQUETT, Rafael. Av. La Salle, Res. Fiorela 3-a, Apartado Postal 52.097,

Caracas 105, Venezuela. CARABALLO PERICHI, Ciro. Quinta Tahiti, Calle 11 C-ll, Vista Alegre, Caracas, Ve­

nezuela. CARDENAS, John. Edif. Roosevelt, Calle Las Flores con Av. Los Jabillos, Sabana

Grande, Caracas, Venezuela. CASTELLANOS, José Emilio. Diario El Nacional, Caracas, Venezuela. CASTILLO PEREZ, Rafael L. Museo del Hombre Dominicano, Av. Independencia 1001,

República Dominicana. CHACON VARGAS, Ramon V. CD. Luis Razetti, Avenida Moran, vía Catia, Caracas, Ve­

nezuela. CLERC, Edgar. Directeur des Antiquités archéologiques de la Guadeloupe, Palais

Sainte-Marguerite, 97160 Le Moule, Guadeloupe. CONTRERAS, G., RUBEN G. Bloque 3, Apto.3, Piso 2, Letra B. Maiquetía, Venezuela. CRUXENT, J.M. I.V.I.C, Apartado 1827, Caracas, Venezuela. CUBEROS, Teresa. Ave. Mohedano no.20-12, La Castellana, Caracas, Venezuela. DATO PAGAN, Perdomo. Museo del Hombre Dominicano, Plaza de la Cultura, Santo Do­

mingo, República Dominicana. DE GONZALEZ, Silvia. Edif. Roosevelt, Piso 1, Calle Las Flores con Av. Los Jabil­

los, Santa Monica, Caracas, Venezuela. DE INTINIS, Otello. Edif. Anto, Apto. 3, Piso 1, Calle Edison, Los Chaguaramos,

Caracas, Venezuela. DELGADO DE DIAZ, Gelia. Av. Internacional, Ramal 3, Lomas de Bello Monte, Caracas,

Venezuela.

DE VEER DIQUEZ, Christian. Ministro del Desarrollo Urbano, Av. Lecuna. Edif• Ban-Ven, Piso 5, Caracas, Venezuela.

DIAZ UNGRIA, Adelaida. Quinta Magerit, Av. Este, Alta Florida, Caracas, Venezue­la.

DUEÑAS MARTINEZ, Antonio. Apartado 4701, Carmelitas, Caracas, Venezuela. DURAN DE A., Judith. Vereda 71, No. 7E„ Coche, Caracas, Venezuela. DURAND, Guillermo. Calle Los Postes no.22, Los Rosales, Caracas, Venezuela. EICHHOLZ, Buane W. Northshore Community College, Beverly, Mass., USA. ESCALONA, Jorge Enrique. Res. Tiuna, Bloque C, Dept. 5-6, Camatagua, Los Teques,

Edo. Mirando, Venezuela. ESCARDO, Mauricio E. College of the Virgin Islands, St.Thomas, US. Virgin Islands

00801. EVANS, Clifford. Smithsonian Institution, Anthropology Department, Washington,

D.C. 20560, USA. FEBRES, Abner. Edif. 12, Apurito, Apto. 1502, Caricuao, Conjunto Mucuritos, UD4,

Caracas, Venezuela. FIGUEREDO, Alfredo. Department of Anthropology, Machmer Hall, University of

Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass. 01003, USA. FIGUEROA LUGO, Jesus S. Gran via no.24, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00731. FISHER, Jeanne. Comité, Museo Grenada, Tikal, P.O. Box 51, St. George's, Grenada. FLORES DE PERUCHINI, Olga. Ministerio de Información y Turismo, Banco ítalo Vene­

zolano, Piso 1, Avenida Urdaneta, Caracas, Venezuela. FORTUNE, Roger. Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe, Office du Tourisme, Pointe-

à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. FRAPPIER DE ALBA, Vanessa. Pedro Ignacio Espaillat 255, Santo Domingo, República

Dominicana. FUENTES, Nohema. Calle Real Prado de María, no.100, Los Rosales, Caracas, Vene­

zuela. GALICIA, Fulvia Nieves. Departamento de Arqueología, U.C.V., Instituto de Inves­

tigaciones Económicas y Sociales, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas, Venezuela. GAMEZ, Betty. Calle 11 de Febrero, no.43, Las Flores de Catia, Caracas, Venezue­

la. GARCIA AREVAL0, Manuel. Museo del Hombre Dominicano, Calle Pedro Henríquez Ureña,

Plaza de la Cultura, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. GARCIA DE P0MENTA, Lea. Qta. Coromoto, Av. Lisandro Alvarado, Santi Mónica, Cara­

cas, Venezuela. GEIBEL, Wildredo. Presidente, Fundación Arqueológica, Antropológica e Histórica

de Puerto Rico, Calle Arecibo 613, Apto. 7A, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00902. GIFFURI D'ANGELO, Gerardo. Edif. Perseo, Apto. 1, Av. Caroní, Colinas de Bello

Monte, Caracas, Venezuela. GIMÉNEZ GONZALEZ, Angel. Res. Mariscal de Ayacucho, Apto. 5-7A, El Valle, Caracas

Venezuela. GIMÉNEZ HERNANDEZ, Hilda. Res. Velazquez, Piso 8, no.81, Av. Ppal. de Macaracuay

Caracas, Venezuela. GITTENS, Eleanor. 118-32 200 Street, St.Albans, N.Y. 11412, USA. GITTENS, Lyle. 118-32 200 Street, St. Albans, N.Y. 11412, USA. GLAZIER, Stephen. Dept. of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs

CT 06268, USA. GONZALEZ COLON, Juan. Presidente Sociedad Guaynia de Arqueología e Historia Apar­

tado 6042, Ponce, Puerto Rico. GONZALEZ GUILLEN, Luis R. Escuela Dr. Jesus María Bianco, Bloque 6, Apto Bll, Urb.

Ruiz Pineda, Caricuao, Caracas, Venezuela.

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GONZALEZ, Omar. Res. Pisis, Torre B, Apto. 2D, Piso 2, Av. Lazo Martí, Santa Mo"-nica, Caracas, Venezuela.

GONZALEZ SALAS, Maria F. Quinta El Toboso, Carretera V. de S. Lucía, Petare, Fdo. Miranda, Venezuela.

GONZALEZ, Stella. Res. Oriental, Apto. 103, la Av. Los Palos Grandes, Caracas, Venezuela.

GRANCOECHEA, Maritza. Antropólogo Jefe, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Cuerpo Téc­nico de Policía Judicial, Edif. Pampero, Av. Anauco con Neveri, Colinas de Bello Monte, Caracas, Venezuela.

GULLICK, C.J. Durham University, Department of Anthropology, Durham, England. GULLICK, Mary. Collingwood College, Durham University, Durham, England. GUTIERREZ G., CARLOS E. Quinta Los Altos, Pte-Alegría, Los Chorros, Caracas, Ve­

nezuela. GUTIERREZ MORENO, Luis M. Calle Coromoto no.36-47, El Manicomio, Caracas, Vene­

zuela. HAAG, William. Louisiana State University, Department of Geography and Anthropo­

logy, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. HARRIS, Peter O'Brien. West Indies Trinidad Tobago Historical Society, 6 Lime Ave­

nue, _Pointe-a-Pierre, Trinidad. HERNANDEZ BANO, Adrian. Ave. Atenas, Pta. Cuicas, California Sur, Caracas, Vene­

zuela. HOLQUIM, Alejandro. Qta. Margarita, Calle 2, Urb. Montalban, Caracas, Venezuela. HOLQUIM, Irma. Qta. Margarita, Calle 2, Urb. Montalbá*n, Caracas, Venezuela. HURTADO LOZADA, Ruperto. Qta. El Caipe, Calle 82B no. 71A-109, Urb. Las Lomas,

Maracaibo, Edo. Zulia, Venezuela. IDLER, Omar. Edif. Llaguno, Piso 7, Apto. 7B, Av. Urdaneta, Esq. Llaguno, Caracas,

Venezuela. IRIBARREN DE ACOSTA, Mariana. Qta. Mercedes, Av. A, La Carlota, Caracas, Venezue­

la. IRIZARRY, José E. Presidente. Fundación Arq. de Sur-Oeste de Puerto Rico, Buzón

1103, Palmarejo, Lajas, Puerto Rico. JELDES A., Fidel. Director, Departamento Ciencias Naturales, Museo del Hombre Do­

minicano, Plaza de la Cultura, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. JEREMÍAS, Luis. Qta. Blanca, Av. 8, Alto Prado, Caracas, Venezuela. JIMENEZ, Abelardo. Museo del Hombre Dominicano, Plaza de la Cultura, Santo Domin­

go, República Dominicana. KIRBY, I.A. Earle. Ministry of Agriculture, Kingston, St. Vincent, W.I. KOHN DE BRIEF, Fritzi. Edif. Altamira Palace, Apto. 12B, Final Av. Avila, Altami-

ra, Caracas, Venezuela. LEE, James W. Box 206, Mandeville, Jamaica. LEON, Francisca C. Qta. Mi-Fra-Ra-Di, Calle Uribante, La Trinidad, Caracas, Vene­

zuela. LIZARRALDE, Roberto. Profesor, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Instituto de In­

vestigaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, U.C.V., Los Cha­guaramos, Caracas, Venezuela.

LUCENA GOYO, Adrian. Dirección de Educación del Edo. Lara, Centro Científico An­tropológica y Paleontológico, Quibor, Edo. Lara, Venezuela.

LUNA CALDERÓN, Fernando. Apt. 642, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. MAHARAJ A., DAVID D. Trinidad and Tobago Historical Society, St. Stephen's Colle­

ge, Princess Town, Trinidad. MAIZ, Edgar. Sociedad Guaynia, Ext. Rambla, Calle 2, no.463, Ponce, Puerto Rico

00731. MALD0NAD0, Silvia. I.V.I.C., Apartado 1827, Caracas, Venezuela.

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MANON ARREDONDO, Manuel. Museo del Hombre Dominicano, Juan Isidro Jimenes no.7, Altos Gazcue, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.

MARTIN LA RIVA, Carlos A. Qta. Donzaca, Calle Yaracuy, Urb. Sta. Isabel, Sebucán, Caracas, Vene zuela.

MARTINEZ, Hilda. Bloque 3, Piso 33 Lomas de Urdaneta, Caracas, Venezuela. MATTEI MULLER, Marie-Claude. Edif. San Martín 9-L, Parque Central, Caracas, Vene­

zuela-MATTIONI, Mario. Direction, Antiquités, Musée Départemental de la Martinique, BP

7205 Fort-de-France, Martinique. MEGGERS, Betty. Research Associate, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

20560, USA. MÉNDEZ SERENO, Coromoto. Calle Barrio Obrero no.20, Av. Sucre, Catia, Caracas,

Venezuela. MÉNDEZ SERENO, Herminia. Calle Barrio Obrero no.20, Av. Sucre, Catia, Caracas,

Vexie zuela. MENDOZA, William. Asociación Venezolana de Jóvenes Aficionados a la Ciencia, Sec­

tor 3S Falcon, Carrera 31, Barquisimeto, Edo. Lara, Venezuela. MOLINA, Ángulo. Universidad de Los Andes, Facultad de Humanidades, Historia, Meri-

das Venezuela. MOLINA CENTENO, Luis E. Edif. Aventino, Apto. 8, Av. Victoria, Caracas, Venezuela. MOLINA, Diogenes J. Bloque 3, Piso 3, Apto. 35, Lomas de Urdaneta, Caracas, Vene­

zuela. MONSALVE, Maria Mercedes. Res. Mucubaji, Apto. 2-C, Av. Principal La Castellana,

Caracas, Venezuela. MONTEZUMA, Maria M. Escuela de Sociología y Antropología, Universidad Central de

Venezuela, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas, Venezuela. MORA SCHEMIDT, Ricardo. Qta. La Esquina, Av. Ppal., Los Castores, San Antonio de

Los Altos, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela. MORENO, Hyram A. Qta. Higoa, Final Av. Los Castaños no.12, El Cementerio, Cara­

cas, Venezuela. MORENO, Rudolph. Edif. Excelsior, Apto. 45, Av. S.J. Bosco, Plaza Altamira Norte,

Caracas, Venezuela. M0SC0S0, Francisco. State University of New York, Box 15, Suny Binghamton, New

York 13901, USA. MÏERS A., Robert. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Davidson College, Da­

vidson, North Carolina 28036, USA. NAVARRO, Alcides. Res. Plaza Estrella, Apto.45, Av. El Parque, San Bernardino,

Caracas, Venezuela. NAVAS BLANCO, Alberto. Quinta Villa Luisa, 2a. Avenida, Las Fuentes, El Paraiso,

Caracas, Venezuela. NICHOLSON, Desmond. Antigua Archeological Society, Box 103, Antigua. NOUEL PENA, America. Instituto de Antropología e Historia, Universidad Central de

Venezuela, Qta. Cantabria, Av. Bogotá, Los Caobos, Caracas, Venezuela. NUÑEZ YANEZ, Belkys E. Bloque 6, Piso 8, Letra E, no.89, Prolg. 10 de Marzo, La

Guaira, Venezuela. OCHOASEIJAS, Inmirida Belén. Jefe Servicio Social Cervecera Unión C.A., Avenida Ro-

mulo Gallegos, Beleíta, Caracas, Venezuela. ORTEGA DE MANCERA, Alicia. Edificio Canaima 6, Calle Cristobal Rojas, Los Naran­

jos, Caracas, Venezuela. ORTIZ SEPTJLVEDA, Luis. Tesorero, Fundación Arqueológica del Sur-Oeste Box 583

Mayaquez, Mayaquez, Puerto Rico. PAEZ, Raquel. Bloque 32, Apto. 8, La Rinconada, Caracas, Venezuela.

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PALPIERIS, Isabel. Edif. La Morjes, Piso 13, Apto. 13D, Calle La Montana, El Par-raiso, Caracas, Venezuela.

PANTEL, Agamemnon. Fundación Arqueológica, Antropológica e Historica de Puerto Rico, Apartado 9187, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00908.

PANTEL, Neri. Fundación Arqueológica, Apartado 9187, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00908. PEÑALVER, Henriqueta. Calle San José 86-31, El Trigal, Caracas, Venezuela. PERERA, Miguel A. Res. Pirámide no.lA, Calle Caroní, Colinas de Bello Monte, Ca­

racas, Venezuela. PEREZ ITRIAGO, Auristela. Edif. Kavanayen, Apto. 82-A, Calle La Colina, Los Cha­

guaramos, Caracas, Venezuela. PEREZ SOTO, Sagrario. Qta. Papagayo, Av. El Estanque, Country Club, Caracas, Ve­

nezuela. PEROZO DIAZ, Abel. Edif. Rosa, Apto. 9, Av. José María Vargas, San Bernardino,

Caracas, Venezuela. PETITJEAN ROGET, Henry. 7,5 km route de Balata, 97206 Martinique. PETITJEAN ROGET, Hugues. St-Georges de Oyapock, 97313 Guyane française. PETITJEAN ROGET, Jacques. Président de la Société d'Histoire de la Martinique,

B.P- 567, Fort-de-France, Martinique. POLLAK-ELTZ, Angelina. Universidad Católica Andres Bello, Escuela de Letras, Apar­

tado 29068, Caracas, Venezuela. PONCE ARRIECHE, Pastor E. Qta. Mai-Ola 740006, Av. Aerte, Alta Florida, Caracas,

Venezuela. PONCE DE GUILLENT, Liliana. Qta. Liliana, Calle 12, Transv. 10, Montalbán, Cara­

cas, Venezuela. POU RÚAN, Alejandro José. Qta. Hilda, Calle Roraima, Urb. Chuao, Caracas, Vene­

zuela. PROVENZALI C , Leopoldo. Qta. Paleta, Parte Alta, Calle Mérida con Calle Pedregal,

Urb. El Pedregal, Caracas, Venezuela. QUIROS, Pedro. Director, Parque Arqueológico Coclé, Natal Provincia Coclé, Pana­

ma , Panama. QUIROZ MUJICA, Irama. Bloque 25, Piso 4, no.41, UD2, Caricuao, Caracas, Venezuela. RAMIREZ, Julia. Edif. Las Monjes, Piso 13, Apto. 13D, Calle La Montana, El Paraí­

so, Caracas, Venezuela. RAMOS RAMIREZ, Antonio. Comunidad Conde Avila, Buzón R.R. 2017, Cabo Rojo, Puerto

Rico 00623. , RIMOLI, Renato. Los Prados IV, Calle 13 no. 101, Santo Domingo, República Domini­

cana. RÍOS ROLDAN, Carlos. Res. Coquitoy A, Piso 5, Apto. 5-1, Av. San José, Colinas de

la California, Caracas, Venezuela. RIVERA MEDINA, Lilia. Qta. Chapultepec, Av. Bolívar, El Paraiso, Caracas, Venezuela. RIVERA MEDINA, Mercedes E. Qta. Chapultepec, Avenida Bolívar, Frente Plaza Washing­

ton, El Paraiso, Caracas, Venezuela. ROBINSON, Linda S. Oficiana Territorial de Arqueología, P.O. Box 7818, Charlotte

Amalie, St.Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. RODRIGUEZ, Omar. Conjunto Residencial La Boyera, Torre C, Apto. 61, Urb. La Boyera,

Caracas, Venezuela. ROJAS MORENO, Fanny. Pasaje Calzadilla no.25, Puente Restaurador, Caracas, Vene­

zuela. ROTENBERG, Charles. 95 Forest Park Avenue, Springfield, Ma. 01108, USA. ROTENBERG, Sandra L. 95 Forest Park Avenue, Springfield, Ma. 01108, USA. ROY, Dominique. Circonscription archéologique de Guyane, B.P. 302, Cayenne 97300,

Guyane française. RUSELL, Tony. The Jamaica Journal, 12-16 East Street, Kingston, Jamaica.

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SANCHEZ, Lourdes. Calle 12, Vereda S., no.11, Propatria, Catia, Caracas, Vene­zuela.

SANCHEZ FALLOW, Nancy. 3a. Avenida no.4, Pro-Patria, Catia, Caracas, Venezuela. SANOJA, Mario. Apartado 59029, Caracas 104, Los Chaguaramos, Venezuela. SCOTTO DE BOZA, ítala. Calle Boyacá' 9-A, El Rosal, Caracas, Venezueal. SIMONNET DE GEIGEL, Alma. Secretaria, Fundación Arqueológica, Antropológica e

Histórica de Puerto Rico, Calle Arecibo 613, Apto. 7, Santurce, Puerto Rico 00902.

STRAKA, Helmuth. Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales, Caracas, Venezuela. STRAUSS, Rafael. Bloque 5, Letra C, Apto. 5, Santa Eduvigis, Caracas, Venezuela. SUAREZ, Maria Matilde. I.V.I.C, Dpto. de Antropología, Apartado 1827, Carmeli­

tas, Caracas, Venezuela. SUELS ARANDA, Maria E. Res. Coquitoy A, Piso 5, Apto. 5-1, Av. San José, Colinas

de la California, Caracas, Venezuela. SUJO V., Jeannine. Edif. Sierre Nevada, Calle Chulavista, Colinas de Las Merce­

des, Caracas, Venezuela. SUTTY, Lesley. B.P. 20, Ste-Anne, Martinique. TAPIA VERBARA, Astrid. Edif. Santa Rita, 6 la. Ave. Sur, Altamira, Caracas, Vene­

zuela. TARBLE DE RUIZ, Kay. I.V.I.C, Apartado 1827 Carmelitas, Caracas, Venezuela. TAYLOR, Ronald. Director, Barbados Museum, St.Ann's Garrison, St.Michael, Barba­

dos. THEUVENIN, Henri. Société d'Histoire de la Martinique, B.P. 922, 97200 Fort-de-

France, Martinique. TOLEDO PADILLA, Julian. Av. Buen Pastor, Parcelamiento Los Chorros, Qta. Carmen,

Los Chorros, Caracas, Venezuela. VALEDON, Barrios. Edif. Monumental, P.B. no.2, 2a. Avenida Las Fuentes, El Paraí­

so, Caracas, Venezuela. VALERIO RÍOS, Maria Teresa. Edif. Roraima, Apto. 6-B, Piso 6, Av. Guaicaipuro,

Urb. San Bernardino, Caracas, Venezuela. VALERO GOMEZ, Jesus. Qta. Lila, Transversal 32, no.13-082, Montalbán, Caracas,

Venezuela. VARGAS ARENAS, Iraida. Apartado 59029, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 104, Venezuela. VEGA, Bernardo. Apartado 1265, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. VELASQUEZ, Felipe. Núcleo Universitario Rafael Rangel, Avenida Carmona, Trujillo,

Edo. Trujillo, Venezuela. VELOZ MAGGIOLO, Marcio. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana, P.O. Box 642. VERSTEEG, A.A.D. P.O. Box 2306, Paramaribo, Surinam. VESCELIUS, Gary S. Arqueólogo del Territorio Islas vírgenes, P.O. Box 7818, Char­

lotte Amalle, U.S. Virgin Islands. VIDAL VALLEJO, Gustavo. Escuela de Historia, Universidad Central de Venezuela,

Los Chaguaramos, Caracas, Venezuela. VIVAS RAMIREZ, Fabricio. Escuela de Historia, Universidad Central de Venezuela,

Los Chaguaramos, Caracas, Venezuela. VON FISCHER, Kurt. Professeur, Société d'Histoire et Géographie d'Haïti, 42 La

Boule, Port-au-Prince, Haïti. WAGNER, Erika. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, I.V.I.C,

Apartado 1827, Carmelitas, Caracas, Venezuela. WALDECK WICKE, Raingard. Edif. Contemporary Suites, 2a. Av. Transversal, Los Pa­

los Grandes, Caracas, Venezuela. WALL, Janet. Union Island, St. Vincent. WATTERS, David Robert. University of Pittsburgh, 101 Washington Avenue, no.427,

Oakmont, Pa., USA. -XII-

WILDER, Betty. Box 26, St.George's, Grenada. WILDER, Leon W. Committee, Grenada Museum, Box 26, St.George's, Grenada. WINTER, John. Molloy College, Instructor of Anthropology, Rockville Centre, New

York, USA. ZUCCHI, Alberta. I.V.I.C, Apartado 1827, Carmelitas, Caracas, Venezuela.

-XIII-

TABLE DES MATIERES

I. page

Ripley Pierce Bullen, 1902-1976 1 S. Jeffrey K. Wilkerson

Ripley Pierce Bullen, 1902-1976 (traduit en français) 5 S. Jeffrey K. Wilkerson

Dr. Bullen and the amateurs 9 I.A. Earle Kirby

Bibliography of Ripley P. Bullen 11 Adelaide K. Bullen

II.

Tucuragua, un yacimiento aruquinoide del Orinoco medio 29 Lilliam Arvelo B.

Prehistoric ethnozoology of the Virgin Islands 39 Alfredo E. Figueredo

A revised chronological framework for ceramic Trinidad and Tobago 47 Peter Harris

Some notes of interest to the archaeology of the Antilles 65 I.A.Earle Kirby

A unique barrancoid pot-stand 69 I.A. Earle Kirby and Janet Wall

Bañador un sitio arqueológico del bajo Orinoco 71 Fülvia Nieves de Galicia

Reconnaissance archéologique à l'île de la Dominique (West Indies) 81 Henry Petitjean Roget

Note sur un vase arawak trouvé à la Martinique 99 Henry Petitj'ean Roget

Note descriptive de la collection d'objets lithiques de la librairie publique de Roseau - Dominique (W.I.) 117

Henry Petitjean Roget

Découverte du site de Jarre Indien (Guyane) 137 Dominique Roy

Découverte du site de Gros-Montagne (Guyane) 149 Hugues Petitjean Roget

Proyecto Orinoco: excavación en el sitio arqueológico de los Castillos de Guyanana, territorio federal Delta Amacuro, Venezuela. 157

Mario Sanoja

Modified Oliva shells from the Virgin Islands a morphological study.... 169 Linda Siokler Robinson

Comparación estilistica entre la cerámica de lagunillas, estado Zulia y Santa Ana, estado Trujillo, Venezuela nor-occidental.... 189

Kay Tarble de Ruiz

A study of shells and shelled objects from six precolumbian sites in the Grenadines of St.Vincent and Grenada 195

Lesley A. Sutty

Puerto Santo: un nuevo sitio arqueológica en la costa oriental de Venezuela , 211

Iraida Vargas Arenas

Comparaciones entre la arqueología del bajo y medio Orinoco 221 Iraida Vargas y Mario Sanoga

A note on Bahamian Griddles 231 John Winter

Preliminary work from the McKay site on Crooked Island 237 John Winter

III.

Who were the inhabitants of the Virgin Islands at the time of Colombus ' arrival ? 245

Mauricio E. Escardo

A revised aboriginal ethnohistory of Trinidad 259 Alfredo E. Figueredo and Stephen D. Glazier

Influencias de la dieta Indo-Hispanica en la cerámica Taina 263 Manuel Ant. Garda Arevalo

Trade and warfare in protohistoric Trinidad 279 Stephen D. Glazier

Black Carib origins and early society 283 C.J.M.R. Gullick

Problèmes de l'évolution des groupes ethniques amérindiens de la Guyane française et de la défense de leurs valeurs culturelles 291

Mario Mattioni

Essai sur la contribution apportée par le texte de Ramon Pane à la connaissance des groupes ethniques d'Hispaniola 297

Mario Mattioni

Tributo y formación de clases en la sociedad de los Tainos de las Antillas 305

Francisco Moscoso

Ethnohistorical vs. ecological considerations: the case of Dominica ' s Amerindians 325

Robert A. Myers

Conservation of archeological sites 343 Charles S. Rotenberg

Problemática de la destrucción arqueológica y la etica del arqueólogo 345

Erika Wagner

-XVI-

RIPLEY PIERCE BULLEN, 1902-1976

S. Jeffrey K. Wilkerson

Ripley P. Bullen, Curator Emeritus at the Florida State Museum, Universi­ty of Florida, died in Gainesville December 25, 1976, at the age of 74. Although often associated with Florida and Southeastern archaeology, his professional in­terests and research encompassed, additionally, New England, the American South­west, the Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, and Central America. His biblio­graphy reflects a prodigious investigator whose tireless efforts have substanti­ally advanced the understanding of New World prehistory.

Ripley was born in Winthrop, Massachusetts, on September 21, 1902, the son of Dana Ripley Bullen and Bessie Louise Pierce. With interests in both ar­chaeology and engineering, he graduated from Schenectady High School, New York, in 1921. Choosing engineering as his major field of study he entered Cornell University and received an M.E. degree in mechanical engineering in 1925. He began work with the General Electric Company that same year and for the next fif­teen years was involved in first engineering research, then sales in New York and Massachusetts. In Massachusetts he met his future wife, Adelaide Kendall; they were married in 1929. During this time period his earlier archaeological inter­est persisted and actively manifested itself in the excavation (1939-40) of a steatite quarry near Worcester, Massachusetts, as one of the organizers (1939) of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society, and in the presentation of research re­sults at local and professional meetings, including the Society for American Ar­chaeology.

By 1940 his expanding interest in archaeology was such that he left Gen­eral Electric for the staff of the Robert S. Peabody Foundation for Archaeology at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts. He also began graduate work in an­thropology at Harvard University and became a Teaching Fellow (1943-45). During 1941 he attended the University of New Mexico archaeological field school and worked in and around Chaco Canyon. While at the R.S. Peabody Foundation, with characteristic energy, he undertook numerous excavations and surveys and estab­lished the basic cultural chronology for eastern Massachusetts. During his eight years in Andover, Ripley published a prolific thirty-eight articles covering his pre-Columbian and historical excavations, artifact classification, and field methods. His 1944 integration of thorough archival and excavation techniques in the investigation of the eighteenth-century Black Lucy's Garden in Andover con­stitutes an early model of modern historical archaeology. He also taught classes and made frequent presentations to the Massachusetts Archaeological Society and professional meetings.

In 1948 Ripley accepted the position of Assistant Archaeologist with the Florida Board of Parks and Historic Memorials in Gainesville, Florida. He began a broad program of research and, in the year of his arrival, helped found the Florida Anthropological Society and its journal, The Florida Anthropologist. Dur­ing the next four years he published twenty-seven papers reporting current inves­tigations throughout the state.

In 1952 the Florida Park Service discontinued its archaeological program,

2 RIPLEY PIERCE BULLEN, 1902-1976

transferring its collections and data to the Florida State Museum, which was re­organized and a new Department of Social Sciences established. Ripley was ap­pointed the first curator of Social Sciences and became department chairman, a post to which he applied his energies for seventeen years.

Perhaps diagnostic of his view of professionalism was his ready acces­sibility and rapport with a wide range of people, professional colleagues and amateurs alike. One never wrote to Ripley without receiving a reply, and most often a very thorough one. He was exceedingly generous with his knowledge and time, and came to be highly regarded throughout Florida and the diverse regions where he worked. Under his tutelage The Florida Anthropological Society grew to be one of the most active of the regional societies. Editing its journal since 1970 consumed much of his time but he kept standards among the highest for such publications. Unquestionably, his impact upon the Society and interested laymen led to a more positive activism throughout the state that resulted in the preserva­tion of many important sites and the recording of otherwise inaccessible data.

In 1956 he initiated and began editing the monograph series, Contributions of the Florida State Museum, Social Sciences. His numerous Florida excavations brought large scientific collections to the Museum and his influence with inter­ested Floridians led to sizeable artifact donations. The growth was rapid and soon the new Social Sciences Department was cramped for space; by 1969, the year he retired as chairman, 70,000 North American items had been added to the col­lections.

Ripley's research in Florida resulted in the recording of hundreds of ar­chaeological sites. It also brought about a refinement of cultural chronology, especially the Florida Orange Period (2000-1200 B.C.), whose fiber-tempered pot­tery particularly interested him. He also delineated the Transitional Period (1200-500 B.C.) in Florida. His effective use of radiocarbon dating, which he was the first to utilize in Florida, greatly helped in clarifying and extending the cultural sequence. Extensive analysis of lithic artifacts led to his defini­tive A Guide to the Identification of Florida Projectile Points, now in its second edition.

In the field, Ripley had a talent for locating and excavating sites with long sequential occupations. One of his major regions of concentration was the central Gulf Coast of Florida. Numerous excavations focused on the Safety Harbor culture, the archaeological manifestation of the prehistoric and historic Toco-bagas. Ripley also excavated and reported on a number of earlier central penin­sular Gulf Coast sites, some dating from the Archaic Period. At the Palmer site he found a 2000 B.C.-1100 A.D. culture sequence and an unusual alligator burial which he interpreted as a totemic interment. Another area of endeavor was East Florida, including the Atlantic coast north of Cape Canaveral and the St. Johns River Valley. Here he refined and radiocarbon-dated the culture sequence from 3500 B.C. to the historic period. He produced important data on the seasonality of the historic Tiinucuan peoples and their evolution from the earlier Archaic hunters and gatherers.

At Crystal River, on the northern peninsular Gulf Coast of Florida, Ripley encountered in 1951, 1960, and 1964-65, non-Southeastern features that suggested outside contact. Here he excavated plaza-mound arrangements reminiscent of low­land Mesoamerica and identified three stelae. Radiocarbon dates indicated a 30 B.C.-1200 A.D. occupation and an approximate 440 A.D. date for the stelae. Re­alizing the necessity for preserving the site, he effectively suggested to state legislators and the Florida Park Board the creation of a museum and park. He

S. JEFFREY K. WILKERSON 3

reconstructed the mounds to conform as nearly as possible to their original con­tours which had been disturbed by early twentieth century investigations and earth removal. In 1962 a large park was established and later a museum for which he spent considerable time organizing the archaeological materials for exhibits and data for a scale model of the site.

Although Ripley had examined trade contacts with the Mississippian area and general Southeastern relationships in the course of his research, the nature of possible prehistoric contact with the islands of the Caribbean remained un­known. After excavations at Castle Windy and Green Mound in East Florida in 1956-57, he bacame increasingly concerned with the Caribbean. He began prelimi­nary arrangements to examine sites in Cuba but political events obligated him to work elsewhere. He began actual fieldwork during 1959 in the Virgin Islands, and the following year excavated an important site at Krum Bay, St. Thomas, and sur­veyed St. John. Here his work was initially in collaboration with Frederick W. Sleight of the Central Florida Museum, and under the additional sponsorship of the Florida State Museum, William L. Bryant Foundation, and the National Park Service.

His work in the Lesser Antilles documented an involved cultural chronology beginning with the first ceramics about 200 B.C. He saw influences in this se­quence first from northeastern Venezuela, then from the Greater Antilles, and finally about 1200 A.D. from the expanding Island Caribs (Suazey), who probably originated in the Guianas. One of his intriguing conclusions concerning the Greater Antilles was the probability of an early peopling from Honduras and Nicaragua via Jamaica. He also concluded that there was no preceramic or early ceramic period migration from Florida to the Antilles.

During 1963 he examined preceramic sites in Honduras and documented early stone tools at elevated locations in the interior. Without neglecting his Florida research, extensive Museum exhibits, and editing duties, he continued to expand his Caribbean investigations. He undertook major island-wide projects in Grenada, Barbados, St. Vincent, the Grenadines, and St. Lucia. By 1967, he also examined or excavated sites in St. Croix, Martinique, Marie Galante, Guadeloupe, St. Mar­tin, Trinidad, Tobago, Curaçao, Aruba, Guyana, Surinam, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and the Bahamas.

Ripley was a regular participant with his wife Adelaide, who is a physical and cultural anthropologist, in numerous international conferences. He gave pa­pers at the International Congress of Americanists (San José, Vienna, Mexico City, Barcelona, Lima, and Rome), at the World Congress of Anthropological and Ethno­logical Sciences (Paris, Moscow, Tokyo and Kyoto), and at the International Con­gress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles (Martinique, Barbados, Grenada, St. Lucia, Antigua, and Guadeloupe). He reorganized the Lesser Antilles conferences and edited five of its Proceedings. He also was invited to participate in special conferences on petroglyphs, sponsored by the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh (1975), and on Mesoamerica, sponsored by Christ's College, Cambridge University, England (1972).

His consistent fieldwork, editorial endeavors, and willingness to share information were recognized by his colleagues in the Caribbean and he was elected Chairman for Life of the International Congress of the Lesser Antilles. His con­cern for cultural origins in the Caribbean led him to study artifacts in diverse locations including Jamon pottery in Japan in 1968, early pottery in Colombia in 1969, and Antillian material at the Danish National Museum during 1964.

In 1969 Ripley retired as the Chairman of the Department of Social

4 RIPLEY PIERCE BULLEN, 1902-1976

Sciences, Florida State Museum, and continued his curatorial duties as well as his preparation of The Florida Anthropologist, the Proceedings, and "Current Research" of the Caribbean for American Antiquity. He also kept up his writing and continued his fieldwork, both in Florida and the Caribbean, working at several central Florida sites and on St. Vincent, the Grenadines, Martinique, and Puerto Rico. In 1973 he retired from the Department but, as Curator Emeritus, continued to use his office and facilities in the Museum where he could be found working daily.

On March 20, 1976, the University of Florida awarded Ripley the honorary Doctor of Science degree in recognition of his distinguished career and exception­al service to the University. He accepted the degree in his unpretentious way and continued his strenuous program of manuscript preparation. He edited and prepared numerous manuscripts during 1976, working regularly to within a few days of his death. He conscientiously made provisions for transferring his editorships of The Florida Anthropologist, Proceedings of the International Congress of the Les­ser Antilles, and contributing editorship in archaeology for the Handbook of Latin American Studies. He also arranged for final completion of any manuscripts he might not finish.

Ripley's amiable personality and modesty, with his great competence, earn­ed him hundreds of friends throughout the United States and the Caribbean. He was always sought out at meetings and could be found in the midst of discussion with old colleagues and neophites alike. Undaunted by controversy, he would always speak out and added new dimensions to many interpretations. Entertainment at the Bullens' well-appointed home in Gainesville was invariably extremely hospitable and was the high point of visits of colleagues over the years. One never failed to sense his enthusiasm and availability in both formal and informal situations. To me, and to many, it was an enlightening privilege to have known him.

Ripley is survived by his wife, Adelaide K. Bullen (Research Associate in Anthropology, Florida State Museum), two sons, Dana Ripley II and Pierce Kendall, and four grandchildren.

RIPLEY PIERCE BULLEN, 1902-1976

S. Jeffrey K. Wilkerson

Ripley P. Bullen, Conservateur honoraire du Musée de l'Etat de Floride, institution qui fait partie de l'Université de Floride, a disparu le 25 décembre 1976, à Gainesville, à l'âge de 74 ans. Bien que son nom ait souvent été associé avec l'archéologie de la Floride et du Sud-est américain, l'essor de ses intérêts professionnels l'a conduit a des travaux sur la Nouvelle Angleterre, le Sud-ouest américain, les Petites Antilles, les Grandes Antilles, et l'Amérique Centrale. Sa bibliographie est le reflet d'un investigateur prodigieux de la préhistoire du nouveau monde.

Ripley Bullen est né à Winthrop, Massachusetts, le 21 septembre 1902, fils de Dana Ripley Bullen et de Bessie Louise Pierce. S'intéressant au début à l'art de l'ingénieur tout comme à l'archéologie, il a obtenu son diplôme d'études secondaires à Schenectady High School en 1921, dans l'Etat de New York. En 1925, ayant choisi la carrière d'ingénieur mécanicien il passe sa maîtrise es sciences à Cornell University. Il travaille alors à la General Electric Company à New York et au Massachusetts, d'abord dans la recherche technique et ensuite dans les ven­tes. Dans l'Etat du Massachusetts, il a fait connaissance de sa future femme, Adé­laïde Kendall; ils se sont mariés en 1929. Pendant cette époque de sa vie son intérêt à l'archéologie s'est manifesté par la fouille (1939-40) d'une carrière de Steatite près de Worcester, Massachusetts; il organise avec d'autres personnes la Massachusetts Archaeological Society (1939), et il présente les résultats de ses recherches aux réunions de plusieurs sociétés locales, y compris la Society for American Archaeology.

En 1940 il quitte la General Electric afin de faire partie de la Robert S. Peabody Foundation for Archaeology à la Philipps Academy, Andover, Massachu­setts. Il entreprend des études avancées en anthropologie à Harvard University, obtenant le poste de "Teaching Fellow" (1943-45). En 1941 il étudie à l'Ecole de travaux pratiques de l'Université de New Mexico, travaillant à Chaco Canyon. Pen­dant son stage à la Peabody Foundation il entreprend de nombreuses fouilles et levés, établissant la chronologie culturelle de base de l'est du Massachusetts. Pendant les huit ans qu'il a passé à Andover, Ripley Bullen a publié trente-huit articles décrivant les détails de ses fouilles pré-colombiennes et historiques, ses classifications d'objets façonnés et ses méthodes pour les travaux pratiques. En 1944 il entreprend une intégration des techniques de classification et de fouil­le pour l'investigation du site du dix-huitième siècle de Black Lucy's Garden à Andover, ce qui est un modèle exemplaire des premiers travaux de l'archéologie historique moderne. Il fait des cours et des conférences à la Massachusetts Ar­chaeological Society et à de multiples réunions professionnelles.

En 1948 il accepte le poste d'Archéologue assistant de la Florida Board of Parks and Historic Memorials, à Gainesville, en Floride. Il collabore à la fon­dation de la Florida Anthropological Society et de sa publication, The Florida An­thropologist. Pendant les quatre années qui suivent, il publie vingt-sept mémoires sur les recherches en Floride.

En 1952 le Florida Park Service interrompt son programme d'archéologie et transfère collections et données au Florida State Museum, dont la réorganisation

6 RIPLEY PIERCE BULLEN 1902-1976

aboutie â un nouveau département de sciences sociales. Bullen est le premier con­servateur de sciences sociales et il devient le chef du département, fonction qu'il remplit pendant dix-sept ans.

Une manifestation de sa manière d'interpréter sa profession était peut-être sa disponibilité envers celui qui voulait l'aborder, et ses rapports avec une gran­de variété de personnes, parmi lesquelles se trouvaient des amateurs aussi bien que des professionnels. On n'écrivait jamais â Ripley Bullen sans recevoir de réponse, et celle-ci était généralement très détaillée. Sa générosité avec ses connaissances et son temps était sans bornes. Sous sa tutelle, la Florida Anthropological Society est devenue l'une des sociétés régionales les plus actives. La rédaction des publi­cations officielles de celle-ci depuis 1970 a pris une grande partie de son temps, mais il a maintenu un des plus hauts niveaux de qualité pour ce genre de publica­tion. Son influence sur cette société et sur ceux qui s'y intéressaient a entraîné une activité plus intense dans tout l'Etat; elle a abouti à la préservation de nom­breux sites importants et à la notation de données sinon inaccessibles.

En 1956 il a fondé et commencé la rédaction de la série de monographies, Contributions of the Florida State Museum, Social Sciences. Ses nombreuses fouil­les en Floride ont beaucoup enrichi les collections scientifiques du musée et son influence auprès des amateurs a entraîné des dons considérables. Grâce à son dé­veloppement, le département de sciences sociales a bientôt manqué d'espace; en 1969, l'année où Bullen a pris sa retraite on avait ajouté 70.000 objets américains aux collections.

Les recherches de Bullen en Floride ont eu comme résultat la reconnaissan­ce de centaines de sites archéologiques. Elles ont aussi mené à une mise au point de la chronologie culturelle, surtout en ce qui concerne l'époque Florida Orange (122-500 av. J.-C), dont la céramique fiber-tempered l'intéressait particulière­ment. Il a également entrepris avec succès de délimiter l'Epoque de Transition (1200-500 av. J.-C.) en Floride. Son application efficace des méthodes de datation par analyse au carbone radioactif, qu'il a été le premier à utiliser en Floride, s'est montrée très utile en éclairant et donnant de nouvelles dimensions à cette séquence culturelle. Une analyse copieuse et détaillée des objets lithiques a abou­ti à son ouvrage capital A Guide to the Identification of Florida Projectile Points.

Dans les recherches sur le terrain, Bullen avait un talent particulier pour l'identification de sites dont l'occupation continue avait été longue. L'une des ré­gions où il a travaillé le plus est la côte centrale du golfe. Beaucoup de ses fouil­les ont traité sur la culture Safety Harbor, manifestation archéologique des Tocoba-gas pré-historiques et historiques. Bullen a aussi entrepris des fouilles dans plu­sieurs sites péninsulaires d'origine plus ancienne sur la côte du golfe, dont quel­ques-uns datent de l'Epoque Archaïque. Au site Palmer il a trouvé une séquence cul­turelle datant de 2000 à 1100 av. J.-C, et des restes d'alligator disposés de fa­çon peu usuelle qu'il a interprété comme faisant partie d'un enterrement totémique.

Il a également travaillé en Floride de l'est, y compris la côte atlantique au nord du Cap Canaveral et dans la vallée de St.John. Il a mis au point la séquen­ce culturelle qui commence en 3500 av. J.-C. et aboutit à l'époque historique, et fixé la date de celle-ci à l'aide du carbone radio-actif. Il a obtenu des données importantes sur les relations entre les activités des peuples Timucuan et le cycle des saisons et sur l'évolution des chasseurs-cueilleurs archaïques.

A Crystal River, sur la côte nord de la Floride péninsulaire, Bullen a trouvé des traits qui, par leur caractère étranger au Sud-est, indiquaient des contacts avec l'extérieur; ces ensembles comprenaient des places et des monti­cules à la façon de la basse Mësoamérique, et il identifia trois stèles. Les data­tions indiquaient une occupation de 30 à 1200 av. J.-C. et, pour les stèles, envi-

S. JEFFREY K. WILKERSON 7

ron 440. Se rendant compte qu'il fallait préserver le site, il a suggéré avec suc­cès aux législateurs de l'Etat et au Florida Park Board la création d'un musée et d'un parc. Il a fait reconstruire les monticules d'après leurs contours originaix dans la mesure où cela a été possible, puisqu'ils avaient été déformés par les fouilles du début du vingtième siècle et par l'enlèvement de leur terre. En 1962 on a créé un grand parc et plus tard un musée dont l'organisation et la présenta­tion lui ont demandé un temps considérable.

Bien que Bullen, au cours de ses recherches, ait examiné les contacts commerciaux avec la région du Mississippi et les relations entre les différents groupes du Sud-est, la question d'un contact possible avec les îles de la Caraïbe restait dans l'inconnu. A la suite des fouilles de Castle Windy et Green Mound dans la Floride de l'Est en 1956-57, Bullen s'est occupé de plus en plus à la Ca­raïbe. Il s'était préparé à l'exploration des sites de Cuba, mais les événements politiques l'ont obligé de travailler ailleurs. En 1959 il a commencé à travail­ler aux Iles Vierges, il a fouillé un site important à Krum Bay, île de St-Thomas, et levé le plan de l'île de St.John. Ces travaux ont d'abord été entrepris en collaboration avec Frederick W. Sleight du Central Florida Museum, et sous les auspices du Florida State Museum de la William L. Bryant Foundation, et du Natio­nal Park Service.

Son travail sur les Petites Antilles a fourni la documentation pour une chronologie culturelle très complexe qui commence avec la première céramique qui date d'environ 200 av. J.-C. Il a observé sur cette séquence des influences pro­venant d'abord du Nord-est du Venezuela, puis des Grandes Antilles, et finalement, à peu près en l'an 1200, de l'invasion dans les îles des Caraïbes, dont les origi­nes peuvent être situées aux Guyanes. L'une de ses conclusions au sujet des Gran­des Antilles était la probabilité d'un peuplement ancien ou originel provenant de Honduras par voie de la Jamaïque. Il est aussi arrivé à la conclusion qu'il n'y a pas eu de migration précéramique ou appartenant à une époque céramique ancienne, de la Floride aux Antilles.

Il a examiné les sites précéramiques en 1963 à Honduras et noté les ou­tils en pierre des premières époques dans des endroits de haute altitude a l'inté­rieur du pays. Sans négliger ses travaux en Floride, les nombreuses expositions du musée, et ses responsabilités de rédaction, il a continué ses recherches dans l'aire caraïbe. Il a entrepris des projets qui embrassaient les îles entières de Grenade, Barbade, St-Vincent, les Grenadines, et Ste-Lucie. En 1963 il a aussi examiné ou fouillé dans des sites à Ste-Croix, Martinique, Marie-Galante, Guade­loupe, St-Martin, Trinidad, Tobago, Curaçao, Aruba, Guiana, Surinam, Puerto Rico, la République Dominicaine, la Jamaïque et les Bahamas.

Avec sa femme Adélaïde, qui est spécialiste en anthropologie physique et culturelle, Bullen participait régulièrement à de nombreux congrès internationaux. Il a présenté des travaux au Congrès International des Américanistes, aux Congrès Mondiaux des Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethnologiques et aux Congrès Internatio­naux pour l'Etude des Cultures pré-colombiennes des Petites Antilles (Martinique, Barbade, Grenade, Ste-Lucie, Antigua, et Guadeloupe). Il a organisé ces congrès des Petites Antilles à partir du deuxième et il a édité cinq de leurs comptes-rendus. Il a été invité à participer dans des congrès spéciaux sur les pétrogly-phes sous les auspices du Carnegie Museum, à Pittsburgh (1975), et sur la Méso-amérique à Christ's College, Cambridge University, en Angleterre (1972).

Reconnaissant 1'eminence de ses travaux, les résultats qu'il obtenait dans l'édition des comptes-rendus et la générosité avec laquelle il partageait les informations qui lui étaient disponibles, ses collègues l'ont élu Président à vie des Congrès Internationaux des Petites Antilles. Son intérêt pour les origines

8 RIPLEY PIERCE BULLEN 1902-1976

culturelles de l'aire caraïbe l'a conduit à l'étude des objets fabriqués dans plu­sieurs lieux, y compris la Céramique Jamon du Japon en 1968, la céramique des pre­mières époques de Colombie en 1969, et le matériel antillais au musée national da­nois en 1964.

En 1969 Bullen a pris sa retraite du poste de directeur du département de sciences sociales du Florida State Museum, mais il a continué dans ses fonc­tions de conservateur et dans la rédaction de The Florida Anthropologist, des Proceedings, et de "Current Research" sur la Caraïbe pour American Antiquity. Il a également continué ses écrits et ses travaux de recherche, en Floride et en Ca­raïbe, travaillant dans plusieurs sites de la Floride centrale et dans les îles de St-Vincent, les Grenadines, la Martinique, et Puerto Rico. Il a pris sa re­traite du département en 1973 mais, en tant que conservateur honoraire, il a gar­dé son bureau et l'accès aux installations du musée, où l'on pouvait le voir cha­que jour au travail.

Le 20 mars 1976, l'Université de Floride a accordé à Ripley Bullen le grade honoraire de docteur es sciences en reconnaissance de sa carrière et de son service exceptionnel à l'université. Il a accepté cet honneur sans prétention et continué à préparer assidûment ses écrits. Il a rédigé et préparé de nombreux ma­nuscrits en 1976, ne s'arrêtant dans ses travaux habituels que quelques jours avant sa mort. Avec son sens de la responsabilité, il a organisé son remplacement à ses fonctions de rédacteur de The Florida Anthropologist, des Proceedings of the International Congress of the Lesser Antilles, et de rédacteur adjoint pour l'ar­chéologie du Handbook of Latin American Studies. Il a aussi prévu l'achèvement des manuscrits qu'il n'aurait pas le temps de terminer.

La personnalité aimable de Ripley Bullen et sa modestie, alliées à son eminente compétence, lui ont fait des centaines d'amis à travers les Etats-Unis et la Caraïbe. Il était toujours recherché aux congrès, discutant tout aussi bien avec ses anciens collègues qu'avec des néophytes. Ne se laissant jamais intimi­der par la controverse, il a toujours exprimé ses avis et ajouté de nouvelles di­mensions à maintes interprétations. L'accueil dans la belle demeure des Bullen a toujours été très chaleureux, et une visite chez eux était considérée par leurs collègues conmie un moment privilégié. On ne pouvait jamais manquer de remarquer son enthousiasme et sa disponibilité aussi bien aux réunions officielles qu'aux réunions intimes. Pour moi comme pour tant de personnes, sa connaissance a été un privilège singulier.

Ripley Bullen laisse, en dehors de sa femme Adélaïde K. Bullen (Associée de recherches en anthropologie, Florida State Museum), deux fils, Dana Ripley II et Pierce Kendall, et quatre petits-enfants.

DR. BULLEN AND THE AMATEURS

I. A. Earle Kirby

In the F.S.M. newsletter Vol. 2, 5 & 6 May/June, July/August 1973 one para­graph states "Over the years Ripley Bullen has maintained a constructive interest in the work of the amateurs in archaeology and has helped this group gain in scientific attitudes and competence, and thus has furthered conservation of archeo-logical data for future generations." It is on this facet of Dr. Rip that I would like to amplify by saying a few words.

I first met Dr. Bullen on June 25, 1969 in St. Vincent where he came to do some survey work prior to the Congress in Grenada. He spent about ten days in St. Vincent at this time and encouraged me to present a paper at the Congress; which I did. After the Congress he again visited our island for about a month. He return­ed in April 1970 and this time spent about seven weeks; the result of this work is the William L. Bryant Foundation report #8 on the archaeology of St. Vincent. Dur­ing Dr. Bullen's stay on St. Vincent we were together most of the time, and I learnt a lot from him especially with regard to the classification of sherds. He had the knack of imparting knowledge without any evidence of effort, and he remov­ed the mystique from what he was doing, so that most people, and not only the eso­teric understood—the mark of a great teacher. Another, and possibly his greatest asset, was not giving other persons the idea, (which we in the non-developed areas have to contend with all too often, that is), that intelligence is restricted to the formally trained academic in a particular discipline, and that it is restrict­ed to caucasoids. I would like to add that this discipline of archaeology appears to be in the fore-front of tolerance and regard for amateurs, and I would suggest that other disciplines emulate this one in these admirable characteristics.

Dr. Bullen considered all expressed thoughts and gave credit where it was due, not only verbally but also in his written reports.

I am sure that I am not alone in regarding Dr. Bullen as a good friend and great mentor, but that these sentiments are shared by Alister Hughes of Grenada, the late Neville Connell of Barbados, Eric Branford of St. Lucia and all the hosts of amateur archaeologists in the Eastern Caribbean with whom he came into contact.

I, on behalf of all amateurs, would like to express our deepest sorrow to Mrs. Bullen and hope that these puny fragments of appreciation for having had the opportunity and good fortune to have known her Ripley would help to buoy her spirit during her inevitable moments of depression.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RIPLEY P- BULLEN*

Compiled by Adelaide K. Bullen

1939 Instructions for the site survey. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeolog­ical Society 1 (1): 8-10.

1940a Cultural relationships and terminology in New England. Bulletin of the Massa­chusetts Archaeological Society 1 (3): 27-29.

1940b The Dolly Bond steatite quarry. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 2 (1): 14-22.

1940c Further notes on the Dolly Bond steatite quarry. Society for American Ar­chaeology, Notebook, November, pp. 158-160.

1941a Preliminary report Be 54, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. On file, Division of Chaco Research (Chaco Center), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, type­script (Xerox), 49 pages, 1 site map.

1941b Report on the site survey to February, 1941. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 2 (3): 2-9.

1942a An anthropological world. American Anthropologist 44: 525-526.

1942b Forts, boundaries, or ha-has? Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 4 (1): 1-11.

1942c (with A.K. Bullen): A Pueblo cave site at Tres Piedras, New Mexico. Ameri­can Antiquity 8: 57-64.

1943a Proposed drill classification. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 4: 48.

1943b A proposed Massachusetts projectile point classification. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 4: 45-47.

1943c (with D.H. Howell): Spectrographic analysis of some New England steatite. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 4: 62-64.

1944a Corn goddesses or phalli? American Antiquity 9: 448-449.

*This bibliography is as complete as possible at this time. Please send corrections or additions for future inclusion to: Adelaide K. Bullen, Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611.

12 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RIPLEY P. BULLEN

1944b The geographer as an aid in archaeological problems. Bulletin of the Massa­chusetts Archaeological Society 5: 33-34.

1944c (with A.M. Hofmann): The Hofmann site. American Antiquity 10: 186-197.

1944d A note on "The Pre-Iroquoian occupations of New York State" by William A. Ritchie. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 5: 48.

1944e Review of The Pre-Iroquoian occupations of New York State by William A. Ritchie. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 5: 60-64.

1944f (with A.M. Hofmann): The Stickney site, Ballardvale, Massachusetts, Bulle­tin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 5: 20-25.

1945a (with A.K. Bullen) : Black Lucy's garden. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 6: 17-28.

1945b (with M. Robbins): An Indian burial at South Dartmouth, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 6: 44-45.

1946a (with H. Torrey): A burial pit at Taylor Hill, Wellfleet, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 7: 65-67.

1946b The Dwight Blaney collection. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 7: 77-

1946c The Foster's Cove site. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Socie-ty_ 7: 24-36.

1946d An Indian site in Andover, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 7: 37-42.

1946e Review of Archaeology of New Jersey, volume one by Dorothy Cross. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 8: 8-10.

1946f Suggestions of stratigraphy in Eastern Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Massa­chusetts Archaeological Society 7: 54-59.

1946g (with A.K. Bullen): Two burials at Tiverton, Rhode Island. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 8: 5-6.

1947a The Ernest S. Clarke collection. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeolog­ical Society 8: 47-48.

1947b (with J.F. Burtt): The Neck Creek shell heap, Ipswich, Massachusetts, Bulle­tin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 9: 4-8.

1947c Notes on pre-historic relics from three Beverly graves. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 8: 22-24.

1947d (with E. Brooks): The Squam Pond Indian site, Nantucket, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 8: 56-59.

ADELAIDE K. BULLEN (compiled by) 13

1948a Culture dynamics in Eastern Massachusetts. American Antiquity 14: 36-48.

1948b Review of The Archaic Horizon in Western Tennessee, by Thomas M.N. Lewis and Madeline Kneberg. Florida Anthropologist 1: 78.

1948c Review of The Flint River site, Ma° 48, by W. S. Webb and David L. De-Jarnette. Florida Anthropologist 1: 75-77.

1948d A rock shelter near Worcester. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeolog­ical Society 10: 16.

1948e (with E. Brooks): Shell heaps on Sandy Neck, Barnstable, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 10: 7-13.

1948f Some types of Massachusetts pottery. Eastern States Archeological Federa­tion, Bulletin 7: 15-16.

1948g (with E. Brooks): Three burials at the Hughes site, Nantucket, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 10: 14-15.

1949a Excavations in Northeastern Massachusetts. Papers of the Robert S. Peabody Foundation for Archaeology 1 (3), 152pp.plus 20 pis.

1949b (with E. Brooks): The Herrecater Swamp site, Nantucket Island, Massachu­setts. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 10: 81-89.

1949c Indian sites at Florida Caverns State Park. Florida Anthropologist 2: 1-9.

1950a An archeological survey of the Chattahoochee River Valley in Florida. Jour­nal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 40 (4): 101-125.

1950b Chronology and Virginian prehistory. Quarterly Bulletin, Archeological So­ciety of Virginia 4 (3): 2-6.

1950c (with A.K. Bullen): The Johns Island site, Hernando County, Florida. Ameri­can Antiquity 16: 23-45.

1950d The Johnson's Spring site. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 11: 37-45.

1950e Review of Excavations in Southeast Florida, by Gordon R. Willey. Florida Historical Quarterly 29: 51-5 3.

1950f (with J.W. Griffin): The Safety Harbor site, Pinellas County, Florida. Flo­rida Anthropological Society, Publications 2, 42 pp.

1950g Tests at the Whittaker site, Sarasota, Florida, Florida Anthropologist 3: 21-30.

1950h The Woodward site. Florida Anthropologist (1949) 2: 49-64.

1951a Archeology of the Tampa Bay area. Florida Historical Quarterly 30: 133-135.

14 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RIPLEY P. BULLEN

1951b Certain small triangular arrow points. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Ar­chaeological Society 12: 64-66.

1951c The enigmatic Crystal River site. American Antiquity 17: 142-143.

1951d Fort Tonyn and the campaign of 1778. Florida Historical Quarterly 29: 253-260.

1951e The Gard site, Homosassa Springs, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 4: 27-31.

1951f History along route A1A. Florida Highways 19 (9): 22-23.

1951g Perico Island: 1950. Florida Anthropologist (1950) 3: 40-44.

1951h Review of Excavations at Kolomoki, season I - 1948, by William H. Sears. Florida Anthropologist 4: 32-33.

1951i Some notes on the Winslow site. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeolog­ical Society 13(1): 10-11.

1951j The Terra Ceia site, Manatee County, Florida. Florida Anthropological So­ciety, Publications 3, 48pp. plus 7 pis.

1951k Worcester's first industry. Nature Outlook 9: 10-11, 26. Worcester Natural History Society, Worcester, Massachusetts.

1952a (with J.W. Griffin): An archaeological survey of Amelia Island, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 5: 37-64.

1952b Culture growth and change in Eastern Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Massa­chusetts Archaeological Society 13 (2): 8-10.

1952c De Soto's Ucita and the Terra Ceia site. Florida Historical Quarterly 30: 317-323.

1952d Eleven archaeological sites in Hillsborough County, Florida. Florida Geo­logical Survey, Report of Investigations 8, 84pp.

1952e (with G.R. Reeder, B. Bell, and B. Whisenant): The Harbor Key site, Mana­tee County, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 5: 21-23.

1952f Review of Excavations at Kolomoki, season II - 1950 by William H. Sears. Florida Anthropologist 4: 76-77.

1952g S.T. Walker, an early Florida archaeologist. Florida Anthropologist 4: 46-49.

1953a (with A.K. Bullen): The Battery Point site, Bayport, Hernando County, Flo­rida. Florida Anthropologist 6: 85-92.

1953b Excavations at Manatee Springs, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 6: 53-68.

ADELAIDE K. BULLEN (compiled by) 15

1953c The famous Crystal River site. Florida Anthropologist 6: 9-37.

1953d Notes on the Seminole Archaeology of West Florida. Southeastern Archaeolog­ical Conference (1952), Newsletter 3 (3): 18-19.

1953e A partial reply to Fowler's "Comments on 'Culture growth and change in Eastern Massachusetts'". Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological So­ciety 14: 74-76.

1954a Culture changes during the fiber-tempered period in Florida. Southeastern Archaeological Conference (1953), Newsletter 4: 45-48 published as Southern Indian Studies 5 (i.e. 6).

1954b The Davis mound, Hardee County, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 7: 97-102.

1954c (with A.K. Bullen): Further notes on the Battery Point site, Bayport, Her­nando County, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 7: 103-108.

1954d (with D.D. Laxson): Some incised pottery from Cuba and Florida. Florida Anthropologist 7: 23-25.

1954e A unique St.Johns Punctated vessel. Florida Anthropologist 7: 72-73.

1955a Archeology of the Tampa Bay area. Florida Historical Quarterly 34: 51-63.

1955b Carved owl totem, DeLand, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 8: 61-73.

1955c (with W.T. Neill): Muskrat remains from a prehistoric Indian site in Jack­son County, Florida. Journal of Mammology 36: 138.

1955d Stratigraphie tests at Bluffton, Volusia County, Florida. Florida Anthro­pologist 8: 1-16.

1956a (with A.K. Bullen): Excavations on Cape Haze Peninsula, Florida. Contribu­tions of the Florida State Museum, Social Sciences 1, 56pp. plus 6 pis.

1956b Some Florida radiocarbon dates and their significance. Florida Anthropo­logist 9: 31-46.

1957 The Barnhill mound, Palm Beach County, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 10: 23-36.

1958a The Bolen Bluff site on Paynes Prairie, Florida. Contributions of the Flo­rida State Museum, Social Sciences 4, 38 pp. plus 10 pis.

1958b (with W.M. Sackett): Dates of Busycon gouges at the Bluffton site, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 11: 111-13.

1958c More Florida radiocarbon dates and their significance. Florida Anthropo­logist 11: 97-110.

1958d Six sites near the Chattahoochee River in the Jim Woodruff Reservoir area, Florida. River Basin Surveys Papers, no.14, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 169: 315-357 plus 17 pis.

16 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RIPLEY P. BULLEN

1958e Some comments on the mooring hole problem. Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society 19: 50.

1958f A unique vessel from Murphy Island, Putnam County, Florida. Florida Anthro­pologist 11: 125-127.

1959a (with F.W. Sleight): Archaeological investigations of the Castle Windy midden, Florida. The William L. Bryant Foundation, American Studies, Report 1, 32pp.

1959b (with E.M. Dolan): The Johnson Lake site, Marion County, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 12: 77-94.

1959c Radiocarbon dating of the earliest pottery in Florida. Actas del XXXIII Con­greso Internacional de Americanistas, San José, Costa Rica, 1958, 2: 101-106

1959d Similarities in pottery decoration from Florida, Cuba, and the Bahamas. Ac­tas del XXXIII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, San José, Costa Ri­ca, 1958, 2: 107-110.

1959e The transitional period of Florida. Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Newsletter 6: 43-53, 59-62.

1959f What was it? Florida Anthropologist 12: 75-76.

1960a (with F.W. Sleight): Archaeological investigations of Green Mound, Florida. The William L. Bryant Foundation, American Studies, Report 2, 41pp.

1960b (with E.M. Dolan): Shell Mound, Levy County, Florida. Florida Anthropologis 13: 17-24.

1961a Radiocarbon dates for Southeastern fiber-tempered pottery. American Antiquit 27: 104-106.

1961b (with A.K. Bullen): The Summer Haven site, St.Johns County, Florida. Flo­rida Anthropologist 14: 1-15.

1961c (with A.K. Bullen): Wash Island in Crystal River. Florida Anthropologist 14: 69-73.

1961-1962 Florida's Indian cultures. Two part series appearing in Florida news­papers, including Dunedin Times, Feb. 15, 1962 (pt. 1), Mar. 29, 1962 (pt. 2); Eustis News, Now. 9, 1961 (pt. 1); Fernandina News Leader, Nov. 9, 1961 (pt. 1); Haines City Herald, Nov. 2, 1961 (pt. 1); Havana Herald, Dec. 21, 1961 (pt. 1); Indian Town Press, Nov. 9, 1961 (pt. 1), Dec. 28, 1961, (pt. 2); Kissimmee Gazette, Jan. 11, 1962 (pt.2); Monticello News, Jan. 5, 1962 (pt. 1), Jan. 12, 1962 (pt. 2); Perry News Herald, Nov. 2, 1961 (pt. 1), Dec. 14, 1961 (pt. 2); Playground News, Ft. Walton Beach, Nov. 14, 1961 (pt. 1); Polk County Democrat, Dec. 7, 1961 (pt. 1); Sumter County News, Nov. 2, 1961 (pt. 1), Dec. 14, 1961 (pt. 2); Suwannee Democrat, Live Oak, Dec. 14, 1961 (pt. 2); Tampa Independent, Nov. 10, 1961 (pt. 1); Washington County News, Nov. 2, 1961 (pt. 1).

ADELAIDE K. BULLEN (compiled by) 17

1962a Ceramic periods of St.Thomas and St. John islands, Virgin Islands. The Wil­liam L. Bryant Foundation, American Studies, Report 4, 74pp. (2nd printing, 1974).

1962b A human head adorno from the Vance site. Florida Anthropologist 15: 11-12

1962c Indian burials at Tick Island. American Philosophical Society, Yearbook 1961, pp.477-480.

1962d Perforated deer phalanges in the Simpson collection, Florida Anthropologist 15: 111-112.

1962e The preceramic Krum Bay site, Virgin Islands, and its relationship to the peopling of the Caribbean. Akten des 34. Internationalen Amerikanistenkon-gresses, Wien (Vienna), 1960, pp.398-403.

1962f St. Johns Incised, Pasco Incised, etc. Southeastern Archaeological Confe­rence (1959), Newsletter 8: 1-2.

1962g Suwannee points in the Simpson Collection. Florida Anthropologist 15: 83-88.

1963a Artifacts, fossils, and a radiocarbon date from Seminole Field, Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 26: 293-303, 1963 (distr. 1964).

1963b The earliest pottery in Southeastern United States, 2000-1000 B.C. and its case as an independent invention. Vie Congres International des Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethnologiques, Paris, 1960, 2 (1): 363-367.

1963c (with F.W. Sleight): The Krum Bay Site, a preceramic site on St. Thomas, United States Virgin Island. The William L. Bryant Foundation, American Studies, Report 5, 46pp.

1963d (with A.K. Bullen): The Lemon Bay School mound. Florida Anthropologist 16: 51-56.

1963e (with W.W. Plowden, Jr.): Preceramic archaic sites in the highlands of Hon­duras. American Antiquity 28: 382-385.

1963f Shell pendants in the Simpson collection. Florida Anthropologist 16: 63-64.

1963g (with A.K. Bullen): The Wash Island site, Crystal River, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 16: 81-92.

1964a Archaeological research at Grenada, West Indies. American Philosophical So­ciety, Yearbook 1963, pp.511-514.

1964b The archaeology of Grenada, West Indies. Contributions of the Florida State Museum, Social Sciences 11, 67 pp. plus 25 pis. (2nd printing, Kendall Books, Gainesville, 1978).

1964c (with C.A. Benson): Dixie Lime caves numbers 1 and 2, a preliminary report.

Florida Anthropologist 17: 153-164.

18 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RIPLEY P- BULLEN

1964d Krum Bay, a preceramic workshop in the Virgin Islands. Premier Congrès In­ternational d'Etudes des Civilisations Précolombiennes des Petites Antilles, Martinique„ 1961, Part II, pp.107-120. Société d'Histoire de la Martinique, Fort-de-France.

1964e Krum Bay, un atelier précéramique aux Iles Vierges. Premier Congrès Inter­national d'Etudes des Civilisations Précolombiennes des Petites Antilles, Martinique, 1961, Part II, pp. 121-126. Société d'Histoire de la Martinique, Fort-de-France.

1964f (with W.W. Plowden, Jr.): Preceramic Archaic sites in the central highlands of Honduras. XXXV Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, México, 1962, Ac­tas y Memorias 1: 563-564.

1965a Analysis of the Hatt collection from the Virgin Islands and preserved at the Danish National Museum, Copenhagen. American Philosophical Society Yearbook 1964, pp.461-462.

1965b Archaeological chronology of Grenada. American Antiquity 31: 237-241.

1965c Caribbean symposium: introduction. American Antiquity 31: 224-225.

1965d (with L.O. Warren): A Dalton complex from Florida. Florida Anthropologist 18: 29-32.

1965e Florida's prehistory. In Florida from Indian trail to space age, by C.W. Tebeau and R.L. Carson, pp.305-316. Southern Publishing Co., Delray Beach, Florida.

1965f (with W.J. Bryant): Three archaic sites in the Ocala National Forest, Flo­rida. The William L. Bryant Foundation, American Studies, Report 6, 30 pp. plus 2 colored pis.

1966a The Archaeology of Grenada, West Indies, and the spread of ceramic people in the Antilles. XXXVI Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, España, 1964, Actas y Memorias 1: 435-439

1966b (with A.K. Bullen): Barbados, a Carib centre. The Bajan and South Carib­bean, No. 155, pp. 20-22. Bridgetown.

1966c Barbados and the archaeology of the Caribbean. The Journal of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society 32 (1): 16-19.

1966d Burtine Island, Citrus County, Florida. Contributions of the Florida State Museum, Social Sciences 14, 28 pp. plus 4 pis.

1966e The first English settlement on St.Lucia. Caribbean Quarterly 12 (2): 29-35.

1966f Florida West Coast from Crystal River South. In "The transition from Archaic to Woodland: a symposium". Southeastern Archaeological Conference (I960), Newsletter 10 (1): 10-11.

ADELAIDE K. BULLEN (compiled by) 19

1966g Proposed Caribbean ceramic terminology. Report of the First Bahamas Con­ference on Archeology, San Salvador, pp.15-16. New Haven, Mimeographed.

1966h Review of Estudio de las hachas Antillanas, by Herrera Fritot. American Antiquity 31: 595-596.

1966i Significance of the conference. Report of the First Bahamas Conference on Archeology, San Salvador, p.3. New Haven. Mimeographed.

1966j Stelae at the Crystal River site, Florida. American Antiquity 31: 861-865.

1966k (with A.K. Bullen): Three Indian sites on St. Martin. Nieuwe West-Indis­che Gids, 45: 137-144 plus 3 pis.

1967a (with A.K. Bullen and W.J. Bryant): Archaeological investigations at the Ross Hammock site, Florida. The William L. Bryant Foundation, American Stu­dies, Report 7, 28 pp.

1967b Archaeology: Caribbean area. Handbook of Latin American Studies 29: 69-75. University of Florida Press, Gainesville.

1967c (with L.O. Warren and W. Thompson): The Culbreath Bayou site, Hillsborough County, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 20: 146-163.

1967d (with C.A. Benson): Cut wolf jaws from Tick Island, Florida. Florida Anthro­pologist 20: 175-177.

1967e Review of Excavaciones en Arroyo del Palo, Mayari, Cuba, by Ernesto E. Tabio and J.M. Guarch. American Anthropologist 69: 777-778.

1967f Review of Prehistoria de Cuba, by E.E. Tabio and E. Rey. American Antiquity 32: 556-557.

1967g (with H.K. Brooks): Two ancient Florida dugout canoes. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 30: 97-107, 1967 (distr. 1968).

1968a (with A.K. Bullen): Barbados archaeology: 1966. Proceedings of the Second International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures in the Lesser Antilles, Barbados, 1967, pp.134-144.

1968b A Florida Folsom (?) point. Florida Anthropologist 20: 2.

1968c A guide to the identification of Florida projectile points. Florida State Museum, Gainesville, Florida. 50 pp. (See 1975b, revised edition).

1968d The Pearsall collection of aboriginal Indian artifacts. Southeastern Museums Conference, Quarterly Notes, Summer 1968, pp. 14-17. Lowe Art Museum, Uni­versity of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.

1968e Report of the Florida-South Georgia group. Southeastern Archaeological Con-ference, Bulletin 8: 7-10.

20 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RIPLEY P- BULLEN

1968f (with A.K. Bullen): Salvage archaeology at Caliviny Island, Grenada: A prob­lem in typology. Proceedings of the Second International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures in the Lesser Antilles, Barbados, 1967, pp. 31-43.

1968g Some Arawak ceramic variations between Grenada, Barbados, St.Lucia, and Eastern Trinidad. Proceedings of the Second International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures in the Lesser Antilles, Barbados, 1967, pp. 81-86.

1968h Sunday Bluff. Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Newsletter 12 (1): 5.

1968i Sunday Bluff site. Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Newsletter 12 (2): 4.

1968j (with A.K. Bullen): Two stratigraphie tests at the Grande Anse site, St. Lucia. In The Amerindians in St.Lucia by C. Jesse, St. Lucia Archaeological and Historical Society, pp. 24-41.

1969a Archaeology: Caribbean area. Handbook of Latin American Studies 31: 61-67.

1969b Beveled stemmed points from Tampa Bay. Florida Anthropologist 21: 89-90.

1969c (with A.K. Bullen and C.J. Clausen): The Cato site near Sebastion Inlet, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 21: 14-16.

1969d A composite bone fishhook. Florida Anthropologist 21: 124.

1969e Discussion (of lithic papers). Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Bul­letin 9: 13-14, 20, 30, 31, 32.

1969f Excavations at Sunday Bluff, Florida. Contributions of the Florida State Museum, Social Sciences 15, 66pp.

1969g Further comments on Emery and Edwards' "Archaeological potential of the Atlantic shelf". American Antiquity 34: 331-332.

1969h Presentation of "A guide to the identification of Florida projectile points". Eastern States Archeological Federation, Bulletin 27-28: 21.

1969i (with M.H. Wing): A scraper with graver spurs from Florida. Florida Anthro­pologist 21: 94-95.

1969j A silver ornament from St. Cloud, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 21: 36-38.

1969k Southern limit of Timucua territory. Florida Historical Quarterly 47: 414-419.

19691 Unfinished Bolen points from Hillsborough County. Florida Anthropologist 21: 34-35.

ADELAIDE K. BULLEN (compiled by) 21

1970a The archaeology of Grenada, West Indies, and the spread of ceramic people in the Antilles. Proceedings of the Third International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures in the Lesser Antilles, Grenada, 1969, pp. 147-152.

1970b (with Mario Mattioni): A chronological chart for the Lesser Antilles: sites dated by ceramic typology. Proceedings of the Third International Con­gress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, Gre­nada, 1969, pp.1-3.

1970c A Clovis fluted point from the Santa Fe River, Florida. Florida Anthropo­logist 22: 36-37.

1970d Comments on Garry W. Stone's paper: "Ceramics in Suffolk County, Mass., inventories, 1680-1775". The Conference on Historic Site Archaeology,Papers 1968 3 (2): 127-129.

1970e (with A.K. Bullen): The Lavoutte site, St.Lucia: A Carib ceremonial center. Proceedings of the Third International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columb­ian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, Grenada, 1969, pp.61-86.

1970f Pottery, radiocarbon dates, and sea level rises. Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Tokyo and Kyoto, 1968, 3: 168-169.

1970g Preface to Sur le chemin des anciens potiers, by Mario Mattioni, pp.5-7. Editions Maritimes et d'Outre-Mer, Paris.

1970h Regionalism in Florida during the Christian era . Florida Anthropologist 23: 57-61.

1970i (with W.L. Partridge and D.A. Harris): The Safford burial mound, Tarpon Springs, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 23: 81-118.

1970j (with H.B. Greene): Stratigraphie tests at Stalling's Island, Georgia. Florida Anthropologist 23: 8-28.

1970k (with H. Theuvenin and M. Sanoja 0.): Terminologie utilisée pour la des­cription des poteries des Petites Antilles, équivalence des termes anglais, espagnols et français. Proceedings of the Third International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, Grenada, 1969, pp. 4-7.

19701 (with S.D. Webb and B.I. Waller): A worked mammoth bone from Florida. Amer­ican Antiquity 35: 203-205.

1971a Archaeology: Caribbean area. Handbook of Latin American Studies 33: 61-66. University of Florida Press, Gainesville.

1971b The beginnings of pottery in Eastern United States as seen from Florida. Eastern States Archeological Federation, Bulletin 30: 10-11.

22 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RIPLEY l\ BULLEN

1971c Comments on Greer's paper on alkaline glaze. The Conference on Historic Site Archaeology, Papers 1970 5: 186-187.

1971d (with H.G. Smith): Fort San Carlos. Notes in Anthropology 14, 76pp. De­partment of Anthropology, Florida State University, Tallahassee.

1971e The Safety Harbor period: A brief statement. Southeastern Archaeological Conference (1961), Newsletter 10 (2): 50-51.

1971f The Sarasota County Mound, Englewood, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 24: 1-30.

1971g Some variations in settlement patterns in peninsular Florida. Southeast­ern Archaeological Conference (1970), Bulletin 13: 10-19.

1971h The transitional period of Southern Southeastern United States as viewed from Florida, or the roots of the Gulf tradition. Southeastern Archaeologi­cal Conference (1970), Bulletin 13: 63-70.

1972a (with A.K. Bullen): Archaeological investigations on St.Vincent and the Grenadines, West Indies. The William C. Bryant Foundation, American Studies, Report 8, 170 pp.

1972b Culture change, growth, and borrowing as evidenced by Florida archaeology -a study in regionalism. Vile Congres International des Sciences Anthropolo­giques et Ethnologiques, Moscou (Moscow), 1964, 11: 47-51.

1972c (with M.T. Wallace): An engraving tool from North Florida. Florida Anthro­pologist 25: 131-132.

1972d (edited with J.B. Stoltman): Fiber-tempered pottery in Southeastern United States and Northern Columbia: its origins, context, and significance. Flori­da Anthropological Society, Publications 6: 72pp.

1972e (with L.E. Beilman): The Nalcrest site, Lake Weohyakapka, Florida. Eastern States Archeological Federation, Bulletin 31: 9-10.

1972f The Orange period of peninsular Florida. In Fiber-tempered pottery in South­eastern United States and Northern Columbia: its origins, context, and sig­nificance. Florida Anthropological Society Publications 6: 9-33.

1972g (with M. Mattioni): Some ceramic variations at Vivé, Martinique. Atti del XL Congresso Internazionale degli Americanist!, Roma-Genova, 1972, 1: 225-229.

1972h A stone bird head plummet from Kissimmee, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 25: 92.

1973a Archaeology: Caribbean area. Handbook of Latin American Studies 35: 46-49.

ADELAIDE K. BULLEN (compiled by) 23

1973b (with A.K. Bullen and I.A.E. Kirby): Dating the Troumasée decorated cyl­inder : A horizon style. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, St. Lucia, 1971, pp.197-198.

1973c Further comments on Antillean petroglyphs. Proceedings of the Fourth Inter­national Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, St.Lucia, 1971, pp.65-67.

1973d (with A.K. Bullen and E.M. Branford): The Giraudy site, Beane Field, St. Lucia. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, St.Lucia, 1971, pp.199-214.

1973e Introduction (new) to Gordon R. Willey's Archeology of the Florida Gulf Coast. Reprint edition for Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, pp. 7-11. AMS Press, New York.

1973f Krum Bay, a preceramic workshop on St.Thomas. Proceedings of the Fourth In­ternational Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, St.Lucia, 1971, pp.110-114.

1973g (with L.E. Beilman): The Nalcrest site, Lake Weohyakapka, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 26: 1-22.

1973h Petroglyps of the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, St. Lucia, 1971, pp.13-16.

1973i Re: Petroglyphs in Guyana. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, St.Lucia, 1971, p.65.

1973j (with A.K. Bullen): Settlement pattern and environment in pre-Columbian Eastern Dominican Republic. Boletín del Museo del Hombre Dominicano 3: 315-324.

1973k Stone specimens from St.Barthélémy. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, St. Lucia, 1971, pp.82-83.

19731 Stratigraphie tests at two sites on Guadeloupe. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, St.Lucia, 1971, pp.192-196.

1974a Certain petroglyphs of the Antilles. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, An­tigua, 1973, pp.94-109.

1974b (with A.K. Bullen): Further notes on the West Bay site. Florida Anthropo­logist 27: 119.

24 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RIPLEY P. BULLEN

1974c (with A.K. Bullen): Inferences from cultural diffusion to Tower Hill, Ja­maica, and Cupercoy (Cupecoy) Bay, St. Martin. Proceedings of the Fifth In­ternational Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, Antigua, 1973, pp.48-60.

1974d The origins of the Gulf Tradition as seen from Florida. Florida Anthropo­logist 27: 77-88.

1974e (with P.M. Lien and C.H. Webb): A Poverty Point owl amulet found in Flori­da. Florida Anthropologist 27: 165-168.

1974f (with M. Mattioni): Pre-Columbian dogs in the Lesser and Greater Antilles. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress for the Study of Pre-Col­umbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, Antigua, 1973, pp.162-165.

1974g (with 0. Jahn and M.J. Brooks): Some tests at the Zellwood site (0r-17) beside Lake Apopka, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 27: 62-66.

1974h (with A.K. Bullen): Stone mortars in Florida. Florida Anthropologist 27: 169-170.

1974i (with A.K. Bullen): Tests at Hacienda Grande, Puerto Rico. Fundación Ar­queológica, Antropológica e Historica de Puerto Rico, Boletfn Informativo (Edición Especial) 1: 1-6 plus 5 pis.

1974j Were there pre-Columbian cultural contacts between Florida and the West In­dies: the archaeological evidence. Florida Anthropologist 27: 149-160.

1975a Archaeology: Caribbean area. Handbook of Latin American Studies 37: 48-52.

1975b A guide to the identification of Florida projectile points (revised edition). Kendall Books, Gainesville. 62 pp.

1975c Implications from some Florida deposits and their archaeological contents. Florida Anthropologist 28: 73-84.

1975d Suwannee-like points from Southwestern Georgia. Florida Anthropologist 28: 52.

1976a (with A.K. Bullen): Culture areas and climaxes in Antillean prehistory. Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress for the Study of Pre-Col­umbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, Guadeloupe, 1975, pp.1-10.

1976b Culture changes, radiocarbon dates, and trade in the Antilles. Actas del XLI Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, México, 1974, 3: 600-607.

1976c Did Paleolithic, Archaic, or Formative man enter the Antilles from Florida? Actas del XLI Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, México, 1974, 3: 592-599.

1976d (with A.K. Bullen): The Palmer site. Florida Anthropological Society, Pub­lications 8, 55 pp. plus 23 pis.

ADELAIDE K. BULLEN (compiled by) 25

1976e The preceramic periods of Florida and the Lesser Antilles. Proceedings of the First Puerto Rican Symposium on Archaeology (1973), San Juan. Fundación Arqueológica, Antropológica e Historica de Puerto Rico, Report 1: 9-24.

1976f Some thoughts on Florida projectile points. Florida Anthropologist 29: 33-38.

1976g (with A.K. Bullen): Three stratigraphie tests along the Eastern shore of Trinidad. Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress for the Study of Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, Guadeloupe, 1975, pp.28-34.

1977 Tocobaga Indians and the Safety Harbor culture. In Tacachale: essays on the Indians of Florida and Southeastern Georgia during the historic period (1973). Edited by J.T. Milanich and S. Proctor. Ripley P. Bullen Monographs in Anthropology and History, no.l, pp.50-58. University Presses of Florida, Gainesville.

1978a (with W. Askew, L.M. Feder, and R.L. McDonnell): The Canton Street site, St.Petersburg, Florida. Florida Anthropological Society, Publications 9.(In press, ms. 1976).

1978b Florida's place in pre-Columbian trade in Eastern United States. Florida Anthropologist. (In press, ms. 1976).

1978c (with 0. Jahn): The Tick Island site, St.Johns River, Florida. Florida An­thropological Society, Publications 10. (In press, ms. 1976).

n.d. (posthumously with Rochelle Marrinan): Fiber-tempered pottery. In The South-East, vol.14, Handbook of North American Indians, chapter 46. Edited by R.D. Fogelson (volume editor) and W.C. Sturtevant (general editor). Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (In press, Bullen ms. 1972).