l ZAFOBE

Isafobe

Umzekeliso

1-atmosfera

Ukuntsonkotha

Imfaniso

Imeko ekubhalwa kuyo

Isichasaniso

Ukubunjwa komlinganiswa

Isigqebelo sedrama esivusa umxhelo kumbongo

lntsingiselo Libali-sifaniso clifutshane okanyc ibalana cllqulethe imf undiso ethile emalunga nezonqulo okanye ukucingelcka kwczinto zasezulwini. Umzckelo: lmizekeliso

awayefundisa ngayo uYesu ngcthuba waycsemhlabeni. . . r xesha, imozulu noc rnzwa

Ngumoya wendawo eliqhubeka kuyo 1balt oiana ne ngokuphelcleyo ngumbhali kwimo yentlalo. . . h

. . 1. t ingiselo ezimbm1 nangap ezulu Igama elimbaxa okanye elimbolo-rnb1111 kuba meen 5 b b la ingqina _

• · wabuya nem a a · · ezahlukileyo. Umzekelo: Utata uphume mgqma h . k koyikiswa ingqina

h • .. • · J k ndla lir ox1swe u · ut etha ukuzmgela 11nyamakaz1. Ingqma ~n u . ndla omthetho. Umama - umntu onika ubungqina ngento eyenzekileyo kwmku Y . ty· d

. atha akroqiweyo a 1wa o wa wakhe wasipha ingqina emnandi. ingqma - amanq okanye nesonka. Imfaniso kuxa kusenziwa uthelekiso oludala umfanekiso okhumb~lek~yo ukuz~ di uncedise ukuqonda. Umzekelo: Ukuba nethemba lokuphumele~a. 11_":ivliwko ngap

1311 e

k . kh thenge 1t1k1t1 o ungene a okufunda kufana nokuphumelela 1lotho unga ange u ukhuphiswano. Kuqatshelwa izinto ezazisenzeka kwindawo nexesha umbhali abebhala ngalo. U k I · · I humi amabini eMzantsi Afrika mze e o 1m1bongo ebhalwe ngenku ungwana yamas . . uninzi lwayo iyaqhankqalaza okanye ikhaba ngawo omane kuba ababecmezekile ababhalayo babechasa inkqubo yocalucalulo. Kuxa kusetyenziswa amagama okanye iintetho ezichaseneyo okanye ezibuchasana ngenjongo yokugxininisa into ethile. Ukuchasana kuwanika amandla aman~e amaqhalo afana nala: Umthathi uyawuzala umlotha, ing' iyayikhotha kanti iyayixathula, unonkala uthombile, amasele ayangqungqa. lsichasaniso siyasetyenziswa nakwintetho engelilo iqhalo. Umzekelo: Uyise uhle enyuka izolo ekhangela inkabi yakhe yebhokhwe ekungenzeka ukuba ibiwe. Amagama abhalwe ngqindilili abonisa isichasaniso. Qwalasela ezona ndlela zizo nezifanelekileyo umbhali olichule nobukhali azilandelayo xa ebumba umlinganiswa ngamnye oza kuthatha inxaxheba kwibali, inoveli, intsomi okanye idrama ayibhalayo.

• Inkangeleko yakhe yomzimba iza kumchaza ukuba ungumntu onjani na. • Iziphako ezisemzimbeni ezifana nomvambo okanye isiva ziyasikrobisa kwindlela

abuphila ngayo ubomi bakhe. • Indlela anxiba ngayo nezinto anazo ziyamchaza ukuba ungumntu onjani othanda

ntoni. • Indlela ahamba nathetha ngayo iyamchaza ukuba ungumntu onjani. • Umlinganiswa indlela acinga, athethe nenza ngayo iyamtyhila ukuba ungumntu

onjani nokuba kulindeleke ntoni kuye.

Ukuxela

UGxwem wayemkhulu ondlekile enezigantsontso.

UNgxowa wayekuthanda ukutya engahluthi.

Ukubonisa

Loo nkwenkwe yayimcaphukisile uGxwem wayithi hlasi wayijula ngaphaya kocingo.

Isitya esasigcwele ngumvubo uNgxowa wakhawuleza wasidlulisa kuninakazi ecacisa ukuba unokunikwa esinye akanakuthi hayi.

Isigqebelo senzeka kuhlobo lombongo olubizwa ngokuba usisihlekiso kuba uhlekisa ngomntu esenziwa isigculelo oko kususela kwindlela aziphethe ngayo. Kulo mbongo lowo kubhalwe ngaye uyagxekwa, umzekelo ukuba ugxekwa ngokudangala ungakho umqolo othi: Uya kusebenza de ajube. Kula mqolo akuthethwa ukuba lo mntu ukhuthele koko kwenziwa isigculelo kugxininiswa ubuvila bakhe, ngoko kc kusetyenziswe isigqebelo sedrama.

Isihlonipho Isihlonipho yinletho eyibeka ivakale kamnandi into embi ngeenjongo zokuquma/ zokufihla inyala, ihlazo, isikizi nezinye iintlobo zobubi. Kulandela imizekelo:

ulisela uneminwc

emide ukunxila ukuqhuba

amatakanc

uyayilhanda kakhulu inyama unomlambo Ulixoki ulincoko uswelekile uyibekile

inqawa

Isikweko Lento ifaniswayo kuthiwa iyile nto ifaniswa nayo. Umzekelo: UXoxo yinyoka. Uyinyoka sisikwcko esithetha ukuba uXoxo akalunganga uk110hlakele unobungozi.

Ulwimi olusetyenziswa lndlela ethi imbongi ilusebenzise ngayo uJwimi ibizwa ngokuba sisimbo sokubhala, yimbongi isimbo sokubhala yenye yezinto ezibangela ukuba imbongi yahluke kwenye. Le

nto ifuna ukubonga ngayo imbongi sithi ngumxholo ekuye kuwo kufumaneke umyalezo. Imbongi ikhetha amagama awufaneleyo umbongo ukuze iphumelele injongo yokubhalwa kwawo. Amagama aqhelekileyo imbongi iwasebenzisa ngendlela ebangela ukuba abembaxa ukuze umlesi asebenzele ukufumana intsingiselo yegama ngokwakumbongo. Umbongo imbongi iwunonga/iwuqhola ngezafobe.

Ukubonisa into eyenzeke Oku kwenzeka xa umbhali womdlalo wosasazo okanye umboniso-bhanyabhanya ngaphamblli kumboniso- echaza/esikhumbuza iziganeko ezenzeke ngaphambili apho eyona ntshukumo yebali bhanyabhanya yenzeka khona ngokungqamanisa nokwenzekayo ukuze aliqhubele phambili ibali. Uphuphelo/ukrotyiso Obu bubuchule obuye busetyenziswe ngumbhali ukukrobisa okanye ukuxela kokuza kwenzeka ebalini into eseza kwenzeka ebalini ngokoyilo. Oku kunceda ukudala/ukwenza umoya

wokuxhalaba, wentandabuzo nento ekulindeleke ukuba yenzeke ebangela ukuba lowo ufunda ibali (umlesi) akhuthalele ukufunda ebheka phambili kuba elangazelela ukwazi okuza kwenzeka.

Isibaxo/ugqithiso Isibaxo okanye ugqithiso sisafobe ekuye kuthi into eyenzekileyo okanye eza kwenzeka ithethwe ngeyona ndlela ibaxekileyo. Imizekelo: Lowo wafika efile yindlala. Amagama abhalwe ngqindilili asisibaxo okanye ugqithiso oluthetha ukuba wayelambe kakhulu. Iphepha lemathematika ebelibhalwa beliqhekeza intloko, batsho abafundi abaninzi. Amagama abhalwe ngqindilili athetha ukuba belinzima.

Umfanekiso/ukusetyenziswa Le yenye yeendlela zokulwenza mnandi ulwimi nokuba lowo umameleyo kuthethwa kwezikweko kusetyenziswa izikweko akwazi ukuzakhela umfanekiso waloo nto kuthethwa

ngayo enokuba nendlela echukumisa ngayo uluvo olufana: nokubona, ukumamela, ukungcamla, ukujoja nokuphatha.

Isigqebelo Kuxa kukho imeko eyenzeka kwibali apho abafundi bathi babe nolwazi angenalo umlinganiswa ngelo xesha ngento eseza kwenzeka kuye kungenjalo kwabanye abalinganiswa. Isigqebelo sinento yokwenza nendlela/imbono ubani into ayibona ngayo/kukusetyenziswa kwamagama ngendlela yokuba eyona ntsingiselo yokuthethwayo ifihlwe kungenjalo iphikiswe/kukusebenzisa intetho enentsingiselo engundoqo/yentsusa nefihlakeleyo, eyahlukileyo kuleyo ingqalileyo.

Isiphelo esothusayo Isiphelo esingalindelekanga apho umbhali agqibezela ibali ngendlela ebingalindelekanga kumfundi, kodwa ibikhe yahlakulelwa apha ebalini.

Umyalezo Umyalezo ngowona mxholo okanye eyona nto ibalulekileyo efumaneka kwitekisi yonke. Kuncwadi umyalezo uthanda ukuza ubukhulu becala njengesifundo esifundwayo ngeyona nyaniso yobomi kulowo ulesayo. Imizekelo: ukunyaniseka nokuthemba kubahlobo kubalulekile; ukuziphatha ngendlela nokungahendeki kuyinzuzo; uthando luyakhathaza njalo-njalo.

Imvakalelo Imvakalelo anayo umbhali ngaloo nto abhala ngayo uye lowo ufunda itekisi ayifumane imvakalelo leyo ngamagama athe wawachonga. Umzekelo: Ukuba umbhall uxhalabile ngokwento ayibhalileyo oko kuxhalaba kwakhe kuyamchaphazela umlesi wetekisi.

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UKUFUNDA NOKUBUKELA 51

lsin1ntwiso I K k k b b I mpa\,·u zab,rntu u uni ·wa k\,·ez111to ezingenga o J ;:in u 11

.\!as1ku1.pv;:il.isde oku kumzekdo olandel,iyo 38 ITvh •r,.; h 1 · ·anwuma u;-..;tsikana, ls1111nt\,·1so e~1bon1~a , ume nemu gcangat e o 1~ _ . ,

uk\\·amkeleb kw<.?futhe lakhe kw11ng111g41 ebe~huI11,1yel,1 kuzo s1bhahH: ngqindili11

39 U tsh,1wu tsh.i\,·u ok"·.imehlo ezulu. 4 I U h!.imb I k ots' irnbola Isimntw1so es1bon1s,1 ukush1,·,, a k1,·enkol

e ng.ingc,,·e e ·u gq · dTI ''

lmotifi \ ,ii--.,, ,1Ntu nguNtsikan.i ,1kathand,1buz.1 kunplo IlJc' sibhJh,·e ng4in 1 1 1

L1ku4uku4elJ kuphindelel,1 isand1, umfaneki~o obnye ingong,i enomqondiso

lsifaniso onentslllgt!>elo enceda ukw,ikh,i nokup huhlis,1 ulllxholo ongunJoqo b\"ltekb1.

ls1fJ111so Yllllt' tho c(h,lL,l ngokuthl' ng'io 1nJkl,1 aifan,1 ngJyo 1z1nto ez.ihlukileyo. ls1f,1niso s1th,111J,1 ukut.j,ilw,1 sisenzi l'Singu-f,111.1 , ukungJ, ng,ithi nokuxc>l.i. Kuye kusetyenz1:,,,·e k.111.mj,llo 1z,1khi-L1hlomdo zoltng,rno cz17ez1. n~oku kwa-. 11Jenga-ngobv,1 - kunyc> ncsihlomelo l'Sibizw,1 ngokub,1 ngu-nq1,·a na. Unl7ekelo

Urnyolo J9 Utsh,1,,·u tsl1.1wu okwamchlo a ulu. Okubh,1lwe ng41nJdd1 !>l~1fa111 so e:-1bon1s,1 umntu ozise ukukh,rny,1 niengoko kukholdwa ukub,1 ilJngJ, inyanga

lsakhiwo lk'cnk,,·c•nkwc?LJ z111g.1m c> hlo ezulu.

ls,1kh1,,·o seb,1lt s1b,1 nentshJyelelo. isiqu nc>siphdo. Umbhah kwinbhaydelo uyasaz1sa-oko kuz,1 kuqhubc>ka kwibali. Isiqu yindawo apho umbhali ,KhJph.izela 1m1ba ngerrnb.1 yeb,1li ukuzc> kwisiphelo 1zinto ziqoshelis"·e , 1s1phumo/Js1gq1bo ekufikelelwe kuso s1.::.1.::e. Img.::111gJ z,ikhe uzKw,111gc1s,1 ngendlela elandelelana kakuhle ngok,,·c>engongonu ez1thi kub,1 ziphethe umba o mnyc? nofanayo zenze 1paragrafu

okanye umhlathi.

likutsho ke ib,1 li elibhah,·e kakuhle lelo lichaphazela umba omnye nofanayo kwip,1r,1grafu ng,111ye. L1kuthungel.ln.1 okanye ukunxibelelan.i kakuhle kwemiba yeb.1\ i bfenzeka kakuhle x.i 1si, ·akahs1 sokugqibelJ separagrafu sinxibelelana nes1,.ikalis1 sokuq,11.l S<'paragrafu el.rndelayo ngendlel,1 enentsingiselo. Cmbongo ,,·o na unem1qolo e thi xa 1hl,rng.rn1st.'ke nd.i"·o -nye yenze 1paragrafu yombongo ebiz,,·a

ngokub,1 sis1t.inzJ.

Cyilwana Olu luyilo oluncinane olm 1!1\.alc>n~·e ,onlo ngokupheleleYo kl,·ibali elo.

C kuxhalaba LixhJ \a ,1banalo lo"·o ufunda 1tekis1 c>ngazi ukuba umba oqulethweyo uyakuphela nj.ini na ukuze oko kuxhala kubangele ukuba aqhubc>kc> ukufunda.

Umqondiso/ isi mboli l imqo ndiso y111to emJ k" ·inda,,·o yenye 111to. Q,,·alasela le miqondiso iye~·e s1thethe ilandela,o:

I I L'mqo:1diso I

Okumelwe ngumqondiso I Ukhoz1 Impumelelo

Indwe Cbukhos1

Imizekelo Yemiqondiso eyeminye:

/ I C mqondiso Okumelwe ngumqondiso

- umnqamlezo inkolo yobuKrestu

ln tliziyo Uthando I

L'm xholo l·mxholo ~·eyona mbono iphambili nengundoqo kubhalo loncwad1 nakl,·ez1n,e

11tekis1 ezingeloncwadi. Xa imbong1 ibhala iionge ukudlulis,1 umb,1 o,·ibangel~ ukuba

ibh,1le 1ngxam e~·a21\\·.1 ubukhulu becala ngokuba ngumxholo. :'.\gam~nye :maxesha

kuyenzekJ ukuba ufumane imixho lo eliqela, xa 1meko 111_1alo kubalulekile ukuba ufu111sise owona mxholo ungundoqo.

Uk-ujijwa Into e ,·e ~-enzeke kuyilo lwebali eyothusayo okanYe emangali~arn ebmgalindelebnga

Intetho echaza into / Le ntetho _1s1s_Khas1 s?gqi~hiso apho iye in to yenz1we i,akale mgabalulekanga kangako

ngok-uyinciphisa niengoko 1b1lind elekilc>. Umntu onyemba umntu ammonela kuba ephumelele I kukhuph1swano ebelungenele. Umzekelo: Ufane ,,·ach1tha 1xesha kuba ufumene eli

bhaswanJ.

52 lJKUFC);'DA );Q"KCBC.KELA