La valutazione del terremoto di riferimento per la progettazione di ... · Terremoto del 17 agosto...

La valutazione del terremoto di riferimento

per la progettazione di impianti

a rischio di incidente rilevante

Giornata di studio

LEZIONI DAL TERREMOTO DI TOHOKURoma, 1 luglio 2011

Leonello Serva

Già Coordinatore GdL ISPRA per il supporto tecnico alla Commissione IPPC/AIA del MATTM

Membro del Comitato Scientifico dell’ International Seismic Safety Center – IAEA/ISSC - Vienna

Giornata di studio LEZIONI DAL TERREMOTO DI TOHOKU Roma, 1 luglio 2011

Black smoke rises from an industrial complex in Shiogama, Miyagi prefecture, northern Japan,Sunday, March 13, 2011, two days after a powerful earthquake and tsunami hit the thecountry’s northeastern coast. (AP Photo/Kyodo News)


A man walks between the rubbles in tsunami-affected area in Kesennuma, Miyagi prefecture, northern Japan, Sunday, March 13, 2011,


Fire boats battle a blaze at the Cosmo Oil facility in Ichihara City, Chiba Prefecture near Tokyo March 12, 2011.


Factory facilities look damaged in an industrial complex in Sendai, northern Japan, Saturday, March 12, 2011. (AP Photo/Itsuo Inouye)


Raffineria Tupras di Korfez, Baia di Izmit (Turchia). Terremoto del 17 agosto 1999


Top-storey collapse at a factory building

Toppled vessels and crushed piping.

Collapsed dryer leading to the severing

of the connected pipes.

MW=7.9, shallow depth (19 km)

Fault rupture >200 km in length

Affected Area about 500.000 km2

PGA max during the main shock = 0.96 g

Prior of this earthquake the region was considered

an area of moderate seismicity with a design

intensity of VII on the CSIS as specified in the

latest Chinese design code GB50011-2001. This

translates to buildings being able to withstand a

PGA of 0.1 g, equivalent to an earthquake in the

region with a return period of 475 years, with

repairable damage. In addition, buildings had to be

able to resist a PGA of 0.22 g, equivalent to a

2475 year event, without collapsing to guarantee

life safety

12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

Krausmann et al., 2009


Increasing risk

Civil buildingsHigh-risk critical facilities Nuclear power plants

Increasing antiseismic design


SAFETY :

It is the achievement of

– proper operating conditions,

– prevention of accidents or

– mitigation of accident consequences,

resulting in protection of

workers,

the public and

the environment

from undue toxic hazards.

SAFETY - Definition


SITE EVALUATION

demonstration of the acceptability of the site on the basis of established criteria,

derivation of the site related design bases for the facility.


A multidisciplinary effort:

power engineering,

chemical engineering,

ecology,

demography,

emergency planning

civil engineering,

soil mechanics,

geology,

seismology,

hydrology,

meteorology.


Rejection criteria can be:

1. Surface faulting and geological stability

2. Soil foundation material (liquefaction, subsidence)

3. Vulcanism

4. Flooding (areas with high flood levels)

5. Rare meteorological phenomena

6. Man-induced events

7. Dispersion in air and water

8. Population distribution and emergency planning


SITE EVALUATION – Aspects to be considered

Effects of the region on the plant – i.e. external events occurring in the region, which could be of natural or man induced origin,

Effects of the plant on the region – i.e. characteristics of the site and its environment which could influence the transfer of released contaminants to persons and to the environment,

Population characteristics of the region (i.e. density and distribution and others) in relation to the possibility of implementing emergency measures


SITE EVALUATUION Criteria for External Events

Possible natural phenomena and human inducedsituations and activities in the region shall beidentified and evaluated according to theirsignificance for the safe operation of the facility.

Prehistorical, historical and instrumentally recordedinformation and records of the occurrences of suchevents shall be collected and evaluated.

Appropriate methods shall be used for establishingthe hazards associated with major externalphenomena.

The size of the region shall be large enough toinclude all features and areas that could be ofsignificance in the determination of the hazards.


Geophysical investigation

Hirm et al., 1997


Sorgenti tettoniche di interesse


Faglia Distanza del

sito dal

centro della

faglia

Stima della

profondità

ipocentrale

Magnitudo Geometria

schematica

Stile

tettonico

1) Scarpata di

Malta - Golfo

di Catania W

21 km

10-15 km

20-25 km

7.2

7.4

340°

(strike)60°

(dip)

Distensivo

2) Scarpata di

Malta - Golfo

di Catania E

37 km

10-15 km

20-25 km

7.2

7.4

340°

(strike)60°

(dip)

Distensivo

3) Graben di

Lentini

18 km

10-15 km

20-25 km

6.2

6.4

250°

(strike)60°

(dip)

Distensivo

4) Monte

Climiti

8 km

10-15 km

20-25 km

5.7

5.9

320°

(strike)60°

(dip)

Distensivo

5) Avola -

Noto

30 km

10-15 km

20-25 km

6.0

6.2

30°

(strike)60°

(dip)

Distensivo


Gerardi et al., 2009


Scicchitano et al., 2007

Run- up 12 m ad Augusta (Boccone 1697)

Eventi: 1693, 1169

Run-up (formula di Nott)

5,10 – 9,37 – 10,63 m


Interferogramma ENVISAT calcolato a partire dalla coppia di immagini 1 Febbraio 2009 –12 Aprile 2009. Il Massimo abbassamento è di circa 25 cm tra L’Aquila e Fossa (ogni frangia corrisponde a circa 2.5 cm).I quadratini verdi indicano il mainshock e gli aftershocks con Mw > 5; la linea gialla indica la fagliazione superficiale a Paganica; i triangoli marcano la posizione dei caposaldi GPS utilizzati per il confronto con il SAR.


Eventi sismici del Mar di Marmara (Izmit e Kocaeli), 17 agosto e 12 novembre 1999 – Anatolia -Turchia settentrionale

Rottura di una di una condotta idrica in acciaio, di 2 metri di diametro, a seguito della riattivazione della Faglia Nord -Anatolica


Danni alla rete idricaCampo di fratturazione in superficie (lunghezza circa 5 km) associato al terremoto di Santa Venerina del 29 ottobre 2002 –Md 4.4 – (1 )


Effetti della fagliazione superficiale prodottosi a seguito del terremoto etneo del 29.10.2002 sulla rete di distribuzione idro-potabile di Santa Venerina


2

3

1

Major capable fault on the easthern flank of the Etna volcano


Deformazioni della rete viaria dovute all’attività di asismica (creeping) della faglia Pernicana – (2 )


c) Attempt at“fixing” the problem

a) b)

c)

a, b) Craks with left-lateral slip component damaging the viaduct of the Messina-Catania highway across the Fiumefreddo fault (3 )


Trans-Alaska Pipeline

Denali fault


November 3, 2002: an impressive magnitude 7.9 earthquake


Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (Denali, Alaska, USA) crossing the Denali fault


Denali Fault Crossing - Before and after the 2002 earthquake


Megara to Korinthos High Pressure Natural Gas Pipeline

Encasing of pipeline at active faults crossings.


Thessaloniki to Skopje Crude Oil Pipeline (2001)

Special construction measures at active fault crossing (within a river bank)


Grazie per l’attenzione

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