istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis Jurnali · 6 da maleve daiwera: Zveli msoflios...

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nomris Tema: interkulturuli dialogi istoriis swavlebaSi #1 2011 istoriis maswavlebelTa istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis saqarTvelos asociaciis Jurnali istorikosi istorikosi

Transcript of istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis Jurnali · 6 da maleve daiwera: Zveli msoflios...

  • nomris Tema:

    interkulturuli dialogi

    istoriis swavlebaSi

    #1 2011

    i stori i s m a s w a vle b elTai stori i s m a s w a vle b elTa

    s a q arT v elos a soc i ac i i s s a q arT v elos a soc i ac i i s

    Jur n ali

    i s t o r i k o s ii s t o r i k o s i

  • mis: Tbilisi, faliaSvilis 38. pirveli sarTuli.

    telefoni/faqsi +995 32 913 910

    www.imsa.geeleqtronuli fosta: [email protected]

    mTavari redaqtori

    oliver raisneri

    saredaqcio sabWo

    giorgi abramiSvili

    elene bodaveli

    nino kiRuraZe

    giorgi kldiaSvili

    naira mamukelaSvili

    elene meZmariaSvili

    manana SeyilaZe

    cira CikvaiZe

    nana cixisTavi

    ucxoeli avtorebis statiebi

    inglisuridan Targmna Tamar lagvilavam

    Jurnalis winamdebare nomeri dafinansebulia

    evroklio/matra-saqarTvelos proeqtis mier

  • 3

    mogesalmebiT Zvirfaso mkiTxvelebo

    Tqven xelT gaqvT istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos

    asociaciis axali Jurnali „istorikosi“. Cven vimedovnebT,

    rom axlo momavalSi am Jurnalis garSemo gaerTiandeba ara

    marto yvela profesionali istorikosi – istoriis pedagogi,

    mkvlevari, arqivebis, muzeumebisa da biblioTekebis TanamSrome-

    li, aramed farTo sazogadoeba, romelic istoriiTaa dainte-

    resebuli.

    TqvenTan erTad vecdebiT, rom Jurnali „istorikosi“ gax-

    des:

    • Tqveni mimomxilvelimimomxilveli istoriis swavlisa da swavlebis,

    qarTuli da saerTaSoriso istoriografiis ganviTarebisa

    da kvlevis sferoSi;

    • Tqveni forumiforumi istoriis swavlebaSi siaxleebis, miRwevebi-

    sa da Tanamedrove xedvebis gaziarebisa da SefasebisaTvis;

    • Tqveni xidixidi saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis CarTvisa-

    Tvis saerTaSoriso aqtivobebSi;

    • Tqveni TanamgzavriTanamgzavri istoriis pedagogTa momzadebis donis

    amaRlebaSi, gamocdilebisa da aprobirebuli praqtikis ga-

    ziarebaSi.

    Cveni Jurnalis es oTxi mTavari amocana miznad isaxavs

    saqarTveloSi istoriuli mecnierebis ganviTarebas, istoriis

    swavlebis gaumjobesebasa da profesionalizmis amaRlebas.

    Cven vfiqrobT, rom istorikosebi pasuxismgebelni arian is-

    oliver raisneri

    istoriis doqtori

    mTavari redaqtorisagan

  • 4

    toriis ganviTarebaze. awmyoSi warsulze zrunva Zalian didi

    zneobrivi valdebulebaa. Cven vTvliT, rom ar arsebobs arc

    marTali, arc yalbi istoria, magram arsebobs gansxvavebuli

    politikuri, kulturuli, religiuri an sxva Tvalsazrisis

    mixedviT SemuSavebuli warsulis interpretacia. istoria iq-

    mneba mxolod profesiuli wesebis mixedviT warmarTuli di-

    alogiT an SeTanxmebiT. amitom axlo momavalSi Cven vgegmavT

    belgieli istorikosis alan de baetsis (Alan de Baets) mier SemuSavebuli „istorikosebis eTikis kodeqsis“, rogorc Cve-

    ni profesionalizmis zneobrivi safuZvlis, ganxilvasa da Se-

    fasebas. es diskusia, kodeqsTan erTad, Jurnalis Semdeg nomer-

    Si daibeWdeba.

    Jurnalis am nomers ki Cven ufro konkretuli TematikiT

    daviwyebT. radgan „istorikosis“ pirveli nomeri „evroklio-

    sa“ da asociaciis erToblivi proeqtis ,,tolerantobis mSe-

    nebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“ fargleb-

    Si gamodis, mis wamyvan Temas interkulturuli dialogiinterkulturuli dialogi war-

    moadgens. jer ioke van der leu-roordi gagacnobT inkluzi-

    uri istoriis swavlebis uaxles evropul midgomebs; Semdeg

    nino kiRuraZe gaarkvevs, Tu ramdenad pasuxobs qarTuli sa-

    xelmZRvaneloebi saerTaSoriso standartebs; robert maieri

    Seafasebs interkulturulobis germanul gamocdilebas isto-

    riis swavlebaSi; miiRebT informacias proeqtis ,,toleranto-

    bis mSenebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“bis mSenebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“ Se-

    saxeb; aqve gaecnobiT istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos

    asociaciis siaxleebs.

    Zalian didi madloba elene bodavels da nana cixisTavs am

    pirveli nomris momzadebisaTvis! rogorc redaqtori, vTvli,

    rom pirveli nomeri mravalferovani da saintereso gamovida.

    momavali nomrebisTvis velodebiT Tqvens monawileobas, azr-

    sa da kritikas.

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 5

    me-20 saukunis 90-ian wlebSi Cvens qveyanaSi didi cvli-

    lebebisa da gardatexis xangrZlivi periodi daiwyo. axalma

    viTarebam Tanadrouli moTxovnebi wauyena istoriis swavle-

    bas, zogad saganmanaTleblo da umaRles saswavleblebSi. cvli-

    lebebs daeqvemdebara rogorc meTodologia, aseve didaqtika.

    adreul wlebSi, rogorc cnobilia, istoriis originaluri

    saxelmZRvaneloebi qarTul enaze didi iSviaToba iyo. gam-

    onaklisia ramdenime gamocema saqarTvelos istoriaSi. rac

    Seexeba msoflio istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebs, isini rusu-

    lidan iTargmneboda da ra Tqma unda, marqsistul-leninur

    msoflmxedvelobas efuZneboda.

    1992 wels iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelm-

    wifo universitetSi Catarda msoflio istoriis speciali-

    stebis Sexvedra, sadac istoriis ganviTarebis civilizaciuri

    (evoluciuri) xazi airCies da masve dauqvemdebares axali

    qronologiuri CarCoebi. am Tavyrilobis erT-erTi inicia-

    tori iyo prof. kote anTaZe _ evropisa da amerikis qveynebis

    axali da uaxlesi istoriis kaTedris gamge. Sesabamisad, es

    gaxda safuZveli axali Taobis saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmnisa

    istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos

    asociacia

    asociacia da misi partniorebi

    nana cixisTavi

    kavkasiis saerTaSoriso

    universitetis asocirebuli

    profesori, statiebisa da

    kvlevebis avtori evropisa

    da amerikis qveynebis uaxles

    da religiebis istoriaSi

  • 6

    da maleve daiwera: Zveli msoflios istoria _ me-6 kl. (k.

    TvaliaSvili, c. CikvaiZe), Sua saukuneebis istoria (k. anTaZe,

    l. fircxalava), axali istoria – or nawilad (n. mamukelaS-

    vili), uaxlesi istoria _ pirveli nawili (g. bo loTaSvili),

    uaxlesi istoria – meore nawili (n. kiRuraZe, e. meZmari-

    aSvili), civilizaciis istoria (g. boloTaSvili), istoriis

    mecnierebis Sesavali (m. kalandaZe, n. mamukelaSvili, l. fir-

    cxalava). zemoTxsenebul kaTedras da avtorebs mWidro urT-

    ierToba hqondaT ganaTlebis saministrosTan, maswavlebelTa

    daxelovnebis institutTan, respublikis pedagogebTan, aseve

    saerTaSoriso institutebTan da organizaciebTan. aRsaniSna-

    via, rom saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebi wlebis manZilze imaR-

    lebdnen kvalifikacias, georg ekertis saxelobis braunSvaigis

    saxelmZRvaneloTa institutSi (germania); aseve, saqmiani urT-

    ierToba hqondaT evrosabWosa da evrokliosTan. periodulad

    am organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi saqarTveloSi Camodiodnen

    da atarebdnen Sexvedrebs istoriis saswavlo kursebis nara-

    tivisa da meTodebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. msjelobdnen im

    problematur sakiTxebze, gansakuTrebiT sabWoTa periodis is-

    toriidan, romelic ,, TeTr laqebad“ iyo cnobili qarTul is-

    toriografiaSi. swored yovelive aman da istoriis maswavle-

    blebTan mudmivi kontaqtis survilma ganapiroba is, rom 1997

    wlis ivnisSi dafuZnda istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos

    asociacia (prezidenti _ prof. naira mamukelaSvili, vice-

    prezidenti, prof. cira CikvaiZe). asociacia Tavidan aerTianeb-

    da Tbilisis 50-mde istoriis pedagogsa da universitetebis

    profesorebs. yovelwliurad asociaciis mesveurebi xvdebod-

    nen pedagogebs da atarebdnen treningebs saxelmZRvaneloebis

    ganviTarebis mizniT, ganixilavdnen siaxleebs istoriis swav-

    lebaSi, msjelobdnen axal meTodebsa da midgomebze.

    1998 wels istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asocia-

    cia evroklios sruluflebiani wevri gaxda. mas aqeT, yovel-

    wliurad asociaciis wevrebs saSualeba eZleodaT monawil-

    eoba mieRoT evroklios mier organizebul saerTaSoriso

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 7

    konferenciebsa da seminarebSi. es iyo im droisaTvis evropuli

    siaxleebis gacnobis saukeTeso saSualeba. istoriis maswav-

    lebelTa saqarTvelos asociacia arasamTavrobo profesiuli

    organizaciaa, romlis ZiriTadi mizani istoriis swavlebis,

    rogorc disciplinis, ganviTarebaze zrunva da istoriis peda-

    gogebis profesiuli zrdis xelSewyobaa. me-20 saukunis 90-

    iani wlebis Semdeg istoriis swavlebaSi bevri ram Seicvala,

    magaliTad saxelmwifo standarti, midgomebi saxelmZRvanelo-

    sa da swavlebis mimarT da sxva. miuxedevad imisa rom dRes-

    dReobiT reforma ganuxrelad viTardeba, jer kidev ar arse-

    bobs CvenSi istoriis swavlebis didaqtikis saxelmZRvanelo.

    es garemoeba udaod arTulebs istoriis swavlebis Sedegiano-

    bas, rogorc maswavleblis momzadebis TvalsazrisiT umaR-

    les saswavleblebSi, ise istoriis pedagogTa kvalifikaciis

    amaRlebis mimarTulebiT. marTalia, ganaTlebis saministros

    istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis damfuZneblebi: (marcx-

    nidan marjvniv) naira mamukelaSvili, nana cixisTavi, manana SeyilaZe, cira

    CikvaiZe da elene meZmariaSvili

  • 8

    mxardaWeriT gamodis Jurnali ,,maswavlebeli“, igi istoriis

    swavlebis problemebs naklebad exmianeba. gamomdinare aqedan,

    Cven momavalSi unda vizrunoT ,,didaqtikisa“ da ,,rekomen-

    daciebis“ Seqmnaze istoriis swavlebaSi. aseve, axalgazrda

    kadrebis Cabmaze Cvens asociaciaSi _ TaobaTa cvlis mizniT.

    Cveni organizaciis evrokliosTan urTierTobis me-10 wels

    moxerxda erToblivi proeqtis dawyeba, romelic 2008 wlis

    ivnisidan amoqmedda da didi samsaxuri gauwia asociaciis

    gafarToebasa da ganviTarebas. swored amis Sedegia is, rom

    asociacias dReisaTvis saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela kuTxeSi

    filialebi gaaCnia. gaixsna da amoqmedda istoriis saswavlo

    kabinetebi sajaro skolebsa Tu universitetebSi. rac mTa-

    varia, asociaciis wevrebi aqtiurad monawileoben proeqtis

    asociaciis gamgeobis sxdoma

    istorikosi N1 2011

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    mravalferovan RonisZiebebSi: eswrebian evropeli eqspertebis

    seminarebs da ecnobian samodelo gakveTilebs rogorc aq, saqa-

    rTveloSi, aseve evropis qveynebSi.

    2010 wlis 5 ivliss Catarda asociaciis generaluri asam-

    blea, sadac Sejamda wina wlebSi gaweuli muSaoba. asociaciis

    wevrebis winaSe angariSiT gamovidnen regionuli organizaciis

    xelmZRvanelebi. Catarda asociaciis axali prezidentis, vice-

    prezidentis, sarevizio komisiisa da gamgeobis arCevnebi. gadax-

    alisda wesdeba. ganisazRvra asociaciis samomavlo amocanebi.

    prioritetad dasaxelda istoriis maswavlebelTa profesiu-

    li zrdis xelSewyoba, meToduri literaturis momzadeba da

    gamocema, skolisa da muzeumis urTierToba, regionuli orga-

    nizaciebis CarTva adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso proeqtebSi,

    moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa konkursebisa da konferenciebis

    Catareba.

    asociaciis generaluri asamblea, Tbilisi, 2010 wlis 5 ivlisi

  • 10

    evroklios istoria

    Sesavali

    ,,evroklio“ – istoriis pedagogTa evropuli asociacia

    _ daarsda 1993 wels rogorc saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo

    organizacia, raTa daecva da gaeZlierebina istoriis swavleba,

    romelic arsebiT sferos warmoadgens axalgazrda Taobis ga-

    naTlebis saqmeSi. asociacia Tvlis, rom swored istoriaa

    yvelaze mniSvnelovani saskolo sagani mozardis politikuri

    da samoqalaqo aRzrdisaTvis. istoria yovelTvis warmoadgen-

    da propagandisa da politikuri STagonebis gziT negatiuri

    zemoqmedebis saSualebas. arc erTi saskolo sagani ar iwvevs

    imxela emociur kamaTs sazogadoebaSi, politikasa da mediaSi,

    rogorc istoria. uaxloes warsulSic mravlad arsebobda

    politikuri miznebisaTvis istoriis borotad gamoyenebis

    magaliTebi. evroklio gvamcnobs, rom istoriuli warsulis

    fokusi ar Cerdeba mxolod erovnul sazRvrebze; istoriis

    swavlebas umniSvnelovanesi gavlena aqvs imaze, Tu rogor

    aRiqvams xalxi garemomcvel samyaros. evroklio mowodebulia,

    Seamciros daZabuloba qveynebs Soris, qveynis SigniT arsebuli

    jgufebis daaxlovebis gziT. saamisod igi iyenebs zogjer

    mtkivneuli warsulis gamokvlevas usafrTxo garemoSi pro-

    fesiulad da yuradRebiT warmarTuli procesis farglebSi.

    imisaTvis, raTa miRweul iqnas es miznebi, saskolo istoria

    ioke van der leu-roordi

    evroklios damfuZnebeli,

    misi pirveli prezidenti,

    amJamad aRmasrulebeli direqtori

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 11

    saWiroebs pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse da yovelmxriv ganviTa-

    rebul profesionalebs.

    evropuli qveynebis umravlesobaSi, da ara mxolod iq, isto-

    riis kurikulumebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi nacionaluri ori-

    entaciisani arian. evroklios damatebiT Rirsebas warmoadgens

    is, rom 1993 wlidan Tavs uyris istoriis, istoriuli

    memkvidreobisa da moqalaqeobis aTasobiT ganmanaTlebels ev-

    ropidan da sxva qveynebidan, raTa sazRvrebs gareSe moxdes

    warsulis ganxilva da istoriis swavlebis CarTulobisa da

    midgomebis gamocda. ideaTa da SexedulebaTa amgvari gacvla-

    gamocvla arsebiTia evropisadmi pirovnuli kuTvnilebis Seg-

    rZnebis gansaviTareblad. amas unda daeyrdnos 21-e saukunis

    evropuli moqalaqeoba.

    daarsebis dRidan moyolebuli, evrokliom organizeba gau-

    wia evropaSi da mis farglebs gareT kompetenciebis zrdis-

    admi mimarTul asobiT RonisZiebas. profesionalTa gundebma

    SeimuSaves da danerges inovaciuri, gamoyenebisTvis mza saswav-

  • 12

    lo masalebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi. ufro metic, evroklios

    egidiT evropasa da mis farglebs gareT maswavlebelTa datre-

    ningebisa da konsultaciebis saqmeSi aqtiuroben rigi eq-

    s p ertebi. asociaciam gansakuTrebuli gamocdileba daagrova

    politikurad arastabilur regionebSi istoriis swavlebis

    kuTxiT.

    evroklioSi yvela samuSao tardeba sagnisadmi sayovelTa-

    od aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso orientirebiTa da midgomebiT.

    am procesSi asociaciam win wamoswia inovaciuri transna-

    cionaluri saswavlo resurebis da saSualebebis warmoeba.

    mTavari aqcenti gadatanilia inglisur enaze, rogorc saer-

    TaSoriso komunikaciis saSualebaze. Tumca, ugulebelyofili

    ar aris sxva enebis mniSvneloba saerTaSoriso komunikaciis

    CarCoebSi.

    saerTaSoriso standartebis danergvisa da ganviTarebis

    gziT, akademiuri Sedegebisa da istoriis saganSi politikis

    gavlenis ganxilviT, evroklio wevr asociaciebsa da individ-

    ualur wevrebs internacionalizmis kars uRebs. asociaciaTa

    asociacia funqcionirebs, rogorc istoriis, istoriuli mem-

    kvidreobisa da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis winsvlis centri.

    asociaciis miznebis misaRwevad, evroklio da misi wevrebi

    monawileobas iReben istoriis, istoriuli memkvidreobis, mo-

    qalaqeobis Seswavlisa da swavlebis Sesaxeb gamarTul saer-

    TaSoriso msjelobebSi sxvadasxva gziT: iqneba es saRamoebze

    da Sexvedrebze daswreba, interviuebi, werilebi Tu statiebi

    erovnul da saerTaSoriso mediaSi. evroklio cdilobs, gaaf-

    arTovos poziciebi da gaxdes saerTaSoriso doneze cnobili

    qseli da moTamaSe, istoriuli memkvidreobis da samoqalaqo

    ganaTlebis saqmeSi, evropaSi da mis gareT.

    evroklios wevri organizaciebis ricxvi 2010 wels Sead-

    genda istoriis pedagogebis 79 damoukidebel asociacias da

    aseve institutebs uamravi qveynidan. am qselis SigniT is ev-

    ro paSi da mis gareT moicavs 40 000–ze met istoriis peda-

    go gs.

    istorikosi N1 2011

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    misia

    • evroklios survilia, evropaSi danergos pasuxismge-

    blobaze dafuZnebuli da inovaciuri saistorio da samoqalaqo

    ganaTleba; saamisod xeli unda Seewyos saerTo Rirebulebebs,

    kritikul cnobierebas, ormxriv pativiscemas, mSvidobas, stabi-

    lurobas, demokratias.

    • mravalferovnebis, adamianTa uflebebis, kulturaTa-

    Sorisi dialogis da dainteresebul mxareTa Soris Tanam-

    Sromlobis xelSewyobiT, evroklio miznad isaxavs Tavidan

    aicilos istoriul-memkvidreobiTi da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis

    borotad gamoyeneba.

    • evroklios mizania istoriisa da samoqalaqo gana-

    Tlebis gaZliereba teqstualuri Semadgenlobis, meTodolo-

    giisa da pedagogikis inovaciebiT, pedagogTa profesionalizmis

    zrdiT.

    • asociacia mxars uWers kuTvnilebis evropul grZnobas,

    amasTanave, ar ugulebelyofs globalur, erovnul da region-

    alur perspeqtivebs.

    evroklios profesiuli samdivno internacionaluri da axalgazrdulia

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    • asociacia axdens jansaRi akademiuri istoriuli cod-

    nis, saganmanaTleblo Teoriis da meTodologiuri msjelobebis

    gadacemis stimulirebas iseT doneebamde, rogoricaa saskolo

    da satreiningo institutebi, istoriisa da moqalaqeobis ku-

    ri kulumebi da saxemlZRvaneloebi. am miznebis misaRwevad ev-

    roklio iyenebs codnisa da gamocdilebis gadacemas swori

    swavl ebis, gamocdilebis gacvlis da eqspertTa sistemebis

    meS ve obiT.

    asociaciis saqmianoba efuZneba sam ZiriTad sferos:

    • SesaZleblobebis zrda da codnis gacvla, gulisxmobs

    treiningebs inovaciuri saganmanaTleblo masalebis ganviTa-

    rebisa da danergvis procesSi, istoriisa da moqalaqeobis

    swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gamokvlevas.

    • gamocdilebisa da informaciis qselis gafarToeba,

    gazi areba da gavrceleba, gulisxmobs saerTaSoriso profe-

    siuli da partnioruli qselis gaZlierebasa da gafarToebas,

    qselis SenarCunebas da mxardaWeras, istoriis swavlisa da

    swavlebis Sesaxeb bukletebisa Tu publikaciebis gamocema –

    gavrcelebas.

    • erTiani da sicocxlisunariani profesiuli samoqa-

    laqo sazogadoebis mxardaWera – evropasa da mis gareT isto-

    riis maswavlebelTa damoukidebeli asociaciebis stimulireba,

    daf uZneba da gaZliereba.

    organizaciis struqtura

    evroklios mTavari ofisi haagaSi

    mdebareobs, asociacia niderlandebis

    iurisdiqciis qveS funqcionirebs. is

    Sedgeba xuTi ganyofil ebisagan:

    • yovelwliuri generaluri asamb-

    lea

    • saerTaSoriso sabWo

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 15

    • saaudito komiteti

    • sapatio sabWo

    • profesiuli samdivno

    yovelwliuri gene r a lu ri

    asa mb lea pasuxis mgebe lia gada w-

    yv e tilebebi s miRebaze, masSi ga-

    e r Ti anebulia 66 sruluflebi-

    ani wevri, ist o riis, istoriuli

    mem kvi dreobisa da samoqalaqos

    ganmanaTlebelTa da mo uki debeli

    aso ci aciebi. amJami ndeli saerT-

    aSo riso sabWo moicavs wev rebs

    saberZneTidan, dani idan, germani-

    idan, niderlande bidan, Tu r qe Tidan da ukrainidan. is xelmZR-

    vanelobs asociacias da saaudito komisias, romelSic Sesulia

    wevrebi ruseTidan, SvedeTidan da norvegiidan. mas exeba aso-

    ciaciis finansuri marTva da politika. sapatio sabWo Sedgeba

    sayovelTaod cnobili istorikosebisa da politikosebisagan

    Semdegi qveynebidan: estoneTi, germania, saberZneTi, islandia,

    latvia, niderlandebi, portugalia, slovenia da gaerTianebuli

    samefo, romlebsac gaaCniaT gansakuTrebuli interesi isto-

    riisa da saistorio ganaTlebis rolis mimarT sazogadoe-

    baSi. evroklios samdivno saerTaSoriso Semadgenlobisaa da

    asociacias ganagebs yoveldRiuri saqmianobiT. samdivno Sua-

    maval rgols warmoadgens, daxmarebas uwevs wevr asociaciebs

    saqmianobaSi da TanamSromlobs wevrebTan Tu partniorebTan

    asociaciis proeqtebis ganxorcielebis saqmeSi.

    dReisaTvis evropuli qveynebis umetesoba CarTulia sa-

    ganmanaTleblo inovaciis procesebSi. ukanaskneli 15 wlis

    ganmavlobaSi evrokliom aqtiuri roli iTamaSa saistorio

    ganaTlebaSi reformebis danergvis mxriv trans – naciona-

    lur doneze. imis nacvlad, rom axalgazrda Taobas daxmareba

    gaewios garemomcveli samyaros gacnobierebis saqmeSi, dRemde

    kvlav aqvs adgili istoriuli, samemkvidreo da samoqalaqo ga-

  • 16

    istorikosi N1 2011

    2007 – bledi, slovakeTi

    2009 – niqozia, kviprosi

    2010 – naimexeni,

    niderlandebi

    2008 – bristoli, inglisi

  • 17

    2010 wlis proeqtebi

    evropis sxvadasxva qveynebSi

  • 18

    naTlebis borotad gamoyenebas erovnuli politikuri miznebis

    misaRwevad. evroklios mizans warmoadgens istoriuli gana-

    Tlebis jansaRi gamoyenebis gziT demokratiuli sazogadoe-

    bebis mSenebloba Tu gaZliereba, qveynebis sazRvrebs miRma

    gansxvavebuli eTnikuri Tu religiuri warmomavlobis profe-

    sionalebis da studentebis dakavSireba.

    analizis, interpretirebis, Sefasebisa da kritikuli az-

    rovnebis unarebis ganviTareba fundamentaluri mniSvnelo-

    bisaa rogorc istorikosebis, aseve, moqalaqeebisaTvis. isto-

    riis pasuxismgeblobaze da inovaciebze dafuZnebuli swavleba

    saWiroebs integrirebul midgomas da axal gzebs iTxovs is-

    toriuli codnisaken. axali saskolo istoriuli narativis

    Semadgeneli nawilebi unda gaxdes cnebebi, rogoricaa, migra-

    cia, genderi, ormxrivi CarTuloba, adamianTa uflebebi, mra-

    valferovneba da garemo. evroklios sjera, rom istoriulma

    ganaTlebam gansakuTrebuli roli unda iTamaSos social-

    uri erTobisa da CarTvis procesSi kulturaTaSorisi, Tao-

    baTaSorisi da religiaTaSorisi dialogis gziT. evroklio

    gaagrZelebs profesionalTa datreningebas inkluziuri sas-

    wavlo saSualebebis, eTnikuri, enobrivi, religiuri, genderuli

    da socialuri mravalferovnebis pativiscemiT gamsWvaluli

    resurebis SemuSavebisa da danergvis saqmeSi. yovelive sarge-

    blobas moutans mzardi mravalferovnebis mqone evropuli

    sazogadoebebis saWiroebebs.

    bevri evropuli qveynis istoriis kurikulumebsa da sax-

    elmZRvaneloebSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs erovnuli

    identoba da memkvidreoba. didi xania evrokliom saistorio

    da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis mniSvnelovan komponentad miiCnia

    xalxTaSorisi da sazRvrebs miRma memkvidreobiTi ganaTleba.

    2009 wels asociaciam moawyo samemkvidreo institutebis

    uzar mazari konsorciumi da proeqti istoriana (igulis xmeba

    internetSi ganTavsebuli evropis qveynebis isto ria) gaxda

    gza evropuli istoriisa da memkvi dre o bisaken.

    miuxedavad evropaSi mimdinare saganmanaTleblo reformebi-

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 19

    sa, inovaciuri swavlebis meTodebis

    danergva jer kidev dawyebiT sta-

    diaSia. 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi gamo-

    qveynda uamravi rekomendacia, Tu ra

    da rogor unda ganaxldes da gaum-

    jobesdes, magram mcirea praqtikuli

    gadawyveta da xerxebi. evroklio

    srulad uWers mxars sakuTar wevrebs, raTa isini saTanadod

    moergon maswavlebelTa axali kvalificirebis moT xo vnebs. igi

    motivacias umaRlebs pedagogebs, rom maT Seiswavlon ucxo

    enebi. rac maT saSualebas aZlevs gazardon sazRvrebs miRma

    komunikacia da gamoc di leba gauziaron sxvebs.

    bevr evropul qveyanaSi maswavleblis kariera Zalian da-

    balprioritetulia. zogierT qveyanaSi maswavleblis saSualo

    asaki 50 wels aRemateba. savaraudo mizezia aseve maswavleb-

    lis profesiisadmi pativiscemis nakleboba. evroklio miiCnevs,

    rom unda aRdges maswavleblis profesiisadmi pativiscema. es

    unda moxdes sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo procesis monawile

    mxareebis Tanasworobis aRiarebiT, ormxrivi pativiscemiT da

    TiToeuli monawilis gansakuTrebuli rolis cnobiT.

    ukanasknel wlebSi evroklios saqmianoba gascda evropis

    farglebs. asociacia gamocdilebis gasaziareblad miiwvies

    araevropul qveynebSi. amgvarad, asociaciam daamyara kavSirebi

    kavkasiaSi, Sua aRmosavleTSi, aSS-Si, CrdiloeT afrikaSi, Crdi-

    lo-aRmosavleT aziaSi. momdevno aTwleulebSi evroklio Se-

    ecdeba ganimtkicos pozicia globaluri gamowvevebis gadaw-

    yvetis saqmeSi.

  • 20

    proeqti _ ,,tolerantobis mSenebloba

    saqarTveloSi istoriis

    swavlebis gziT“

    yvela epoqaSi, gansakuTrebiT, Tanamedrove periodSi Zalze

    aqtualuri, cxovrebiseulad mniSvnelovani iyo da aris sazo-

    gadoebis tolerantobis xarisxi. igi uciloblad aisaxeba

    xolme sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis yvela sferoze. am kon-

    teqstSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs istoriis swavlebis

    ganviTarebas. ama Tu im qveynis istoria WeSmaritad im xalxe-

    bis istoriaa, romlebic qmnian sazogadoebas am saxelmwifoeb-

    Si. amitom istoriis gakveTilebi warsulisa da Tanamedrove-

    obis Sesaxeb msjelobis sagani unda gaxdes. gasaTvaliswinebe-

    lia is faqtebi, movlenebi, pirobebi, romlebSic uwevT cxovre-

    ba moqalaqeebs. gaviTvaliswinoT aseve urTierTobebi adamianTa

    jgufebs Soris, maTi interesebi, erebisa da erovnebebis kul-

    turebi, maTi urTierTmimarTebani da urTierTzegavlena. dro-

    Ta ganmavlobaSi am kuTxiT SeZenili gamocdileba da erTma-

    neTis tradiciebis codna erTad cxovrebis pirobebs qmnis. es

    procesebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi iyo moqmedebaSi da dRe-

    sac mimdinareobs. yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, dRis wesrigSi

    dgeba saerTo istoriuli narativebis SemuSaveba.

    es aris pirveli proeqti Cveni asociaciis arsebobis

    istoriaSi da metad mniSvnelovania, rom igi saerTaSorisoa

    da pirveli erToblivi mcdelobaa evrokliosTan erTad. es

    istorikosi N1 2011

    nana cixisTavi

    istoriis doqtori,

    proeqtis koordinatori

    saqarTvelos mxridan

  • 21

    CvenTvis Zalzed sapatio da imavdroulad, sapasuxismgeblo-

    caa. samomavlod swored es proeqti gaxdeba safuZveli Cve-

    ni momavali TanamSromlobisa. proeqtis mTavari mizania isto-

    riis swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba saqarTveloSi, daxmare-

    ba saqarTvelos ganaTlebis reformisadmi, gaRrmaveba naciona-

    luri da internacionaluri TanamSromlobis, gaumjobeseba ad-

    gilobrivi istoriis maswavleblebisa da akademiuri istori-

    kosebis profesiuli kontaqtebis. vaswavloT istoria multi-

    kulturul da multikonfesiur garemoSi, swored esaa Cveni

    proeqtis mTavari siaxle.

    evrokliosTan Cveni asociaciis TanamSromloba didi xnis

    win daiwyo. mas win uZRoda wina saukunis 90-ian wlebSi axa-

    li Taobis (evoluciuri anu civilizaciuri xazis) saqarT-

    velosa da msoflio istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqm-

    saerTaSoriso seminari bazaleTSi, 2010 wlis 6-7 ivlisi

  • 22

    na. am saxelmZRvaneloebma Caanacvla sabWoTa periodSi ar-

    sebuli, formaciuli ganviTarebis koncefciaze agebuli da

    marqsistul -leninuri ideologiis matarebeli saxelmZRvane-

    loebi. maTSi ZirioTadi aqcenti keTdeboda narativis Secvla-

    ze evropuli standartebis mixedviT. es iyo mcdeloba, miva-

    xloebodiT evropuli saxelmZRvaneloebis standartebs. axal,

    evropul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi aprobirebuli (rac evro-

    pis mraval qveyanaSi muSaobisas gamoicada sxvadasxva proeq-

    tebis saxiT) erToblivi proeqtis wamowyeba iyo evroklios

    organizaciisa da „istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos aso-

    ciaciis“ iniciativa. masze vmuSaobT 2007 wlis zafxulidan.

    proeqtis amuSavebaSi unda aRiniSnos prof. cira CikvaiZisa

    (istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis vice pre-

    zidenti) da evroklios samdivnos TanamSromlis, stiven ste-

    garsis wvlili. aqtiuri mimoweris saSualebiT maT bevri de-

    ukraineli eqspertis, irina kostiukis seminari TbilisSi

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 23

    tali daadgines proeqtze muSaobis irgvliv da ukve 2007

    wlis Semodgomaze proeqti damtkicda niderlandebis sagareo

    saqmeTa saministrosTan arsebuli ,,matra“-s fondis mier.

    aRsaniSnavia, rom proeqtis saavtoro jgufi da redkole-

    gia internacionaluria. ase rom, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi eT-

    nikuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad arian CarTulni

    proeqtSi. sayuradReboa isic rom aseTi ram pirvelad keT-

    deba respublikis masStabiT. Cven evropel partniorebTan er-

    Tad ganvsazRvreT funqciebi da kompetenciebi istoriis mas-

    wavlebelTaTvis. eseni arian saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva-

    dasxva eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi. is-

    ini monawileoben vorkSopebSi, seminarebSi da aseve saerTa-

    Soriso treningebSi. vfiqrobT, proeqti kargi magaliTia imi-

    sa, Tu rogor unda viswavloT da miveCvioT cxovrebas mul-

    tikulturul garemoSi. vidre proeqti saqarTveloSi muSao-

    seda melkumiani (axalqalaqi), nana cixisTavi (Tbilisi), nargiz nabieva da

    eliura alieva (marneuli) proeqtze muSaobis dros

  • 24

    bas Seudgeboda, man aprobacia gaiara samTavrobo da arasamTa-

    vrobo doneze. proeqtSi aqtiurad CaerTo ganaTlebis sami-

    nistro da misi warmomadgenlebi, saqarTvelos wamyvani uni-

    versitetebi, skolebi, muzeumebis TanamSromlebi, arasamTavro-

    bo organizaciebi. proeqti aseve iqca istoriis maswavlebel-

    Ta saqarTvelos asociaciis gafarToebisa da misi regionuli

    organizaciebis dafuZnebis xelSemwyobad da donorad, asocia-

    ciis mravali saintereso wamowyebisa da aqtivobis mxardamWe-

    rad. SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom proeqti asociaciis amoq-

    medebis mTavari mamoZravebeli Zalaa. misi miznebi da amocane-

    bi, yovelgvari gadaWarbebis gareSe, marTlac rom unikaluria.

    msgavsi ram jer ar gakeTebula ara mxolod saqarTvelos sa-

    ganmanaTleblo sivrceSi, aramed mTlianad kavkasiaSi. amitomac

    safuZvlianad da samarTlianad gaxda igi interesisa da gans-

    jis sagani ara marto Cvens saxelmwifoSi, aramed mezobel qvey-

    nebSic. yovelive es aisaxa kidec 2010 wels JurnalSi ,, kav-

    kasiuri aqcenti“ (rusul enaze) da veb-gverdze _ ,,kavkasiu-

    ri kvanZi“ (rusul enaze). mas mieZRvna statia aseve saqarTve-

    los ganaTlebis saministros JurnalSi ,,maswavlebeli“ (2010

    weli, #2). proeqtma muSaoba realurad 2008 wlis 1 ivniss

    daiwyo da gagrZeldeba 2011 wlis 1 noembramde.

    2008 weli interkulturuli dialogis wlad gamocxadda.

    swored am periods davamTxvieT Cveni proeqtis dawyebac. Cven

    miznad davisaxeT tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swa-

    vlebis gziT. dRes es Tema yvelaze mtkivneulia rogorc is-

    torikosebisTvis, aseve araistorikosebisTvisac. toleranto-

    baze bevri saubrobs, magram es ZiriTadad mis fasadur mxares

    exeba. realurad ki Sinaarsi bevrisTvis ucnobia. swored aman

    gvibiZga multikulturuli sakiTxebis wamowevisken. proeqtis

    ideebiT moxiblulma Cveni mezobeli somxeTisa da azerbaija-

    nis arasamTavrobo organizaciebis liderebma, romlebic ara-

    erTgzis monawileobdnen proeqtis aqtivobebSi, gadawyvites da

    Seqmnes kidec arasamTavrobo istoriis maswavlebelTa respub-

    likuri asociaciebi. isini dResdReobiT muyaiTad muSaoben da

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 25

    eZieben saproeqto ideebs. niSandoblivia, rom wels martSi ga-

    marTul evroklios yovelwliur konferenciaze, somxeTisa da

    azerbaijanis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciebi evrklio

    Si gaawevrianes. maT, ra Tqma unda, Cvenma asociaciamac dauWira

    mxari. Cven bevrs vfiqrobT mezobeli qveynebis asociaciebTan

    TanamSromlobaze. samomavlod, egeb regionuli mniSvnelobis

    proeqtis ganxorcielebis mowmenic gavxdeT. es kidev ufro

    did mniSvnelobas SesZens istoriis swavlebis srulyofasa da

    ganviTarebas regionis masStabiT. aseve, aranaklebi mniSvneloba

    eqneba istoriis maswavlebelTa kavkasiuri regionuli organi-

    zaciis Camoyalibebasac, magram es jerjerobiT momavlis saqmea.

    Tavdapirvelad, rodesac xsenebuli proeqtis miznebze da

    amocanebze mimdinareobda muSaoba, Camoyalibda saTauris Sem-

    profesori rumiana kuSeva (bulgareTi) Treinings atarebs TbilisSi,

    evropul skolaSi, 2010 wlis 23 ianvari

  • 26

    degi varianti: ,,rogor vaswavloT istoria multieTnikur da

    multikonfesiur garemoSi“. Semdeg, muSaobis procesSi mimar-

    Tulebam saxe icvala da gaCnda axali saTauri _ ,, rogor vic-

    xovreT erTad saqarTveloSi me-20-e saukuneSi“. es imas niS-

    navs, rom Cvens saboloo naSromSi, e.w. ,,saswavlo furcleb-

    Si“, gavaSuqoT eTnikuri jgufebisa da konfesiebis roli XX

    saukunis saqarTvelos istoriaSi. is, Tu rogor qmnidnen is-

    ini saqarTvelos istorias qarTvelebTan erTad. unda iTqvas,

    rom msgavsi informacia saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvane-

    loebSi jer ar gaJRerebula. vfiqrobT, istoriis aseTi xedva,

    xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebis gamTlianebas. igi daaCqarebs ase-

    ve eTnikuri jgufebisa da konfesiebis integrirebis process

    samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi. es ki demokratiuli saxelmwifos

    mSeneblobisa da ganviTarebis erT-erTi umTavresi safuZvelia.

    istoriis swavlebis sakiTxi xSirad Zalze mgrZnobiarea

    mravalerovan saxelmwifoebSi. saqarTveloSi eTnikuri umci-

    sapilote gakveTils Temaze „gayofili lukma (ukrainelebi saqarTveloSi)“

    atarebs Tbilisis 51-e sajaro skolis pedagogi ana kuprava

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 27

    resobebi arasakmarisad iyvnen warmodgenilni istoriis sa-

    xelmZRvaneloebSi. Cven marTebulad vamayobT, rom gvaqvs to-

    lerantuli sazogadoeba, rom tolerantoba CvenTvis geneti-

    kuri Tvisebaa, magram imisaTvis, rom avaSenoT Cven mier xSi-

    rad deklarirebuli demokratiuli sazogadoeba, Zalian seri-

    ozulad unda vimuSaoT am mimarTulebiT. Cven istoriis mas-

    wavleblebs unda mivceT damatebiTi, sruliad axali saxis ma-

    sala. igi maT saSualebas miscems, pirvelwyaroebis meSveobiT,

    Seavson saxelmZRvaneloebSi naklebad an sruliad gauSuqebe-

    li Temebi. am masalis saSualebiT moswavleebi gaecnobian maT

    gverdiT mcxovrebi xalxebis yofa- cxovrebas. vfiqrobT, moma-

    valSi yvelam unda icodes TanamoqalaqeTa kulturis, tradi-

    ciebisa da yoveldRiurobis Sesaxeb.

    aqedan gamomdinare, poeqtis saavtoro jgufSi, Camoyalib-

    da 4 ZiriTadi Tema: ,,multieTnikuri saqarTvelo“, ,,reli-

    gia“, ,,migracia“ da ,,ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba“. Cven

    wina planze unda wamovwioT da istoriis swavlebaSi Sevita-

    noT siaxleebi: masalis mravalferovneba, multiperspeqtiulo-

    ba, kompleqsuroba, gansxvavebuli narativebi, interpretaciebi,

    wyaroebi, obieqturoba, winaaRmdegobrivi da saTuTi sakiTxebi-

    sadmi originaluri, magram frTxili da samarTliani midgoma,

    identobis pativiscema da sxva mravali axali midgoma. arada

    90-ian wlebSi, rodesac praqtikulad daiwyo axali Taobis sa-

    xelmZRvaneloebze muSaoba da roca dasavleli specialistebi

    gviwevdnen konsultaciebs istoriis swavlebaSi arsebul sia-

    xleebze, sakiTxi ase daisva: ramdenad exmareboda istoria sko-

    laSi interkulturuli ganaTlebis miRebas. am sakiTxis pasu-

    xad gamoikveTa ori mxare: nacionaluri istoriis sakiTxi da

    stereotipi _ mezobeli qveynebis istoriuli mtrebis saxiT

    warmoCena. am mxriv proeqtma ara mxolod es problema daayena

    dRis wesrigSi, aramed miznad daisaxa maswavlebelTaTvis iseTi

    masalis miwodeba, romlis mixedviTac istoriiT manipulirebas

    veRaravin SesZlebda. misi saSualebiT moswavleebs istoriis

    ganviTareba ara calmxrivad, aramed sxvadasxva kuTxidan unda

  • 28

    SeeswavlaT da warmoedginaT. maT aucileblad unda Seig rZnon

    misi mravalferovneba rogorc negatiuri, ise piozitiuri mo-

    vlenebis zomierad warmoCinebiT. udavoa, rom mtkivneuli saki-

    Txebi arsebobs ara marto qarTul, aramed sxva saxelmwifoe-

    bis realobaSic. sxvaganac vxvdebiT magaliTad, nacionalur na-

    rativs, romelic am saxelmwifos poziciebidan gamomdinare, yo-

    velTvis Zalian pozitiuri da myaria. istoriis mimarT kri-

    tikuli midgoma aqac winaaRmdegobaSi modis dialogTan. ara-

    da maTi Serwyma-Sejereba, albaT, saukeTeso gamosavali iqnebo-

    da. Cveulebriv istoriis Txrobisas gvaqvs mxolod monolo-

    gis reJimi da Tumca viZleviT uzarmazar informacias, magram

    Sedegis gareSe. aqve unda iTqvas isic, rom istoriis swavle-

    bisas mxolod emociebiT ar unda vixelmZRvaneloT.

    am proeqtis ganxorcieleba arc Tu ise martivia mrava-

    li TvalsazrisiT. proeqtis sawyis etapze mimdinareobda misi

    gacnobis rTuli, magram saintereso procesi samTavrobo Tu

    arasamTavrobo doneze. pirvel rigSi igi gavacaniT istoriko-

    sebsa da istoriis maswavleblebs. midioda Zalian cocxali da

    mniSvnelovani debatebi proeqtis Semdgomi ganviTarebis per-

    speqtivebis garSemo. am problemiT dainteresebuli kompeten-

    turi adamianebi gva wvdidnen im informacias, codnas, daskvnebs,

    romlis gareSec ar eqneboda azri am proeqtis dawyebas. saq-

    me imaSia, rom arasdros, arc qarTul istoriografiaSi da arc

    saqarTvelos saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi, ar ixsenieboda eT-

    nikuri umciresobebi da konfesiebi im prizmiT, rogorc Cven

    vapirebdiT amis warmodgenas Cven mier Sedgenil e. w. ,,saswav-

    lo furclebSi“. sawyis etapze amocana Zalze rTulad, xan-

    daxan ganuxorcielebladac ki gveCveneboda. ucnobi iyo ro-

    gor miiRebda amas Cveni sazogadoeba. daviwyeT mosamzadebeli

    samuSaoebi, movawyeT Sexvedrebi wamyvan universitetebSi is-

    toriis pedagogebTan da akademiur istorikosebTan. parale-

    lurad vawyobdiT proeqtisa da asociaciis prezentacias re-

    gionebSi: gorSi, rusTavSi, TelavSi, axalcixeSi, baTumSi, zug-

    didSi, quTaisSi. Sedegi aseTia: proeqtis CarCoebSi Cven or-

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 29

    ganizeba gavukeTeT sam seminars wavkisSi, Caqvsa da bazaleT-

    Si da 5 vorqSops: TbilisSi, gudaurSi, TelavSi, kvlav Tbilis-

    sa da axalcixeSi. am aqtivobebSi monawileobdnen evropeli

    da qarTveli eqspertebi, istoriis pedagogebi yvela regioni-

    dan internacionaluri SemadgenlobiT, muzeumebisa da univer-

    sitetebis TanamSromlebi, ganaTlebis saministros warmomad-

    genlebi. Cveni proeqtis aqtivobebi araerTgzis gaSuqda Tbi-

    lisisa Tu regionebis media sivrceSi. yovelive es Tanamimde-

    vrulad Suqdeba evroklios organizaciis vebgverze www.eu-roclio.eu da evroklios yovelTviur biuletenSi. Cveni proeq-tis warmomadgenlebi araerTgzis iyvnen miwveulni evroklios

    egidiT gamarTul konferenciebze, seminarebsa Tu vorqSope-

    bze: inglisSi, holandiaSi, kviprosze, bulgareTSi, germaniaSi,

    latviaSi, TurqeTSi. proeqtis bolos Cven unda gavamzadoT

    saboloo produqti da gamovceT igi sxvadasxva enaze. Cve-

    saerTaSoriso seminari TbilisSi, 2009 wlis 25 ianvari. sityviT gamodis

    istoriis maswavlebelTa somxeTis asociaciis vice-prezidenti stefan gri-

    goriani. mis marjvniv zis istoriis maswavlebelTa azerbaijanis asociaciis

    vice-prezidenti rauf rajabovi

  • 30

    ni saboloo gamocemis Semoklebuli varianti unda iTargmnos

    inglisurad, xolo saqarTvelos skolebSi pilotirebisaTvis

    mas gadaTargmnian rusul, azerbaijanul, afxazur, somxur da

    osur enebze. Cven ukve daviwyeT proeqtis programis Sedge-

    na ganaTlebis saministros mxridan misi akreditaciis mizniT,

    raTa proeqtis dasrulebis Semdeg, am programis saSualebiT

    gvqondes SesaZlebloba CavataroT treningebi maswavlebel-

    TaTvis am sakiTxebze.

    proeqtma didi samsaxuri gauwia istoriis maswavlebel-

    Ta saqarTvelos asociacias im TvalsazrisiT, rom dRis we-

    srigSi daayena asociaciis vebgverdisa (www.imsa.ge) da Jur-nalis gamocema. veb gverdi moemsaxureba ara mxolod proeq-

    tis saWiroebebs, aramed gaaerTianebs da saWiro informacias

    miawvdis asociaciis wevrebsa da dainteresebul pirebs. xolo

    rac Seexeba Jurnals, Seiqmna misi redkolegia da ganisazRvra

    pirveli nomris specifika. rogorc xedavT Jurnals ,,isto-

    rikosi“ ewodeba. xolo pirveli nomeri interkulturul di-

    alogs eZRvneba.

    2010 wlis seqtembridan proeqtis internacionalurma red-

    kolegiam muSaoba daiwyo saboloo produqtis redaqtirebaze,

    rac savaraudod 2011 wlis gazafxulze dasruldeba. parale-

    lurad seqtembridanve saqarTvelos skolebSi _ Tbilissa da

    regionebSi _ Sida qarTlSi, qvemo qarTlSi, aWaraSi, imereTSi,

    samegreloSi, kaxeTsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi Seuferxeblad mim-

    dinareobda proeqtis saswavlo masalebis pilotireba. aso-

    ciaciis ofisSi yovel kviras ikribebodnen regionidan Camosu-

    li maswavleblebi, proeqtis koordinatorebi, proeqtis jgu-

    fis xelmZRvanelebi da redkolegiis wevrebi, imarTeboda coc-

    xali diskusiebi pilotirebis mimdinareobis ama Tu im saka-

    maTo sakiTxze, xdeboda pilotirebis Sedegebis Sefaseba wi-

    naswar momzadebuli da maswavleblebisaTvis darigebuli ki-

    Txvaris mixedviT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pilotirebis proce-

    si redkolegiis muSaobis paralelurad mimdinareobda da er-

    Timeores avsebda. yovelive aman kargad dagvanaxa, Tu raode-

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 31

    ni mniSvneloba aqvs Teoriisa da praqtikis Sejerebas, rac yo-

    velTvis gamarjvebis sawindaria. diax, Cven gvjera gamarjve-

    bis, gvjera imis, rom es proeqti gamoadgeba CvenSi istoriuli

    ganaTlebis ganviTarebas, aseve gamoadgeba Cvens mravalferovan

    sazogadoebas, mis yvela wevrs, eTnikur jgufebsa da konfesiebs,

    momavali Taobebis demokratiuli faseulobebiTa da saxelmwi-

    foebrivi azrovnebiT aRzrdas.

    proeqtis redkolegiis wevri eva mamedova (Tbilisis #72 sajaro skola)

    haagaSi, redkolegiis sxdomaze, 2010 wlis agvisto

  • 32

    proeqtis `tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis proeqtis `tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis

    gziT~ damatebiTi saxelwodebaa `rogor vaswavloT istoria

    mravalkulturul da mravalkonfesiur garemoSi?~. imisaTvis, mravalkulturul da mravalkonfesiur garemoSi?~. imisaTvis,

    rom am kiTxvas pasuxi gavceT, saqarTvelos rogorc qarTul, rom am kiTxvas pasuxi gavceT, saqarTvelos rogorc qarTul,

    aseve, yvela araqarTul skolas vTavazobT damatebiT saswavlo aseve, yvela araqarTul skolas vTavazobT damatebiT saswavlo

    masalas `rogor vicxovreT erTad saqarTveloSi XX sauku-masalas `rogor vicxovreT erTad saqarTveloSi XX sauku-

    neSi~. imedi gvaqvs, is Seavsebs im `TeTr laqebs~, romlebic neSi~. imedi gvaqvs, is Seavsebs im `TeTr laqebs~, romlebic

    Cveni saerTo samSoblos XX saukunis istoriis swavlebaSi Cveni saerTo samSoblos XX saukunis istoriis swavlebaSi

    dRemde arsebobs.

    qvemoT gTavazobT krebulSi Sesuli e.w. samuSao fur-qvemoT gTavazobT krebulSi Sesuli e.w. samuSao fur-

    clebis anotacias. furclebTan erTad, gamosacemad mzaddeba clebis anotacias. furclebTan erTad, gamosacemad mzaddeba

    maswavleblis wignic.

    1. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis gamocda avbedobis Jams? 1. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis gamocda avbedobis Jams?

    – sakvanZo kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara eTnokonfliqtebis fonze

    keTilmezoblobis SenarCuneba?

    moswavle, konfliqtis zonasTan mdebare ergneTis bazrobis

    magaliTze, dainaxavs, rogor uwyobda xels savaWro urTier-

    Toba urTierTndobis SenarCunebas qarTvelebsa da osebs So-

    istorikosi N1 2011

    krebuli _ `rogor vicxovreT erTad

    saqarTveloSi XX saukuneSi~

    anotacia

    elene meZmariaSvili

    istoriis doqtori,

    proeqtis koordinatori

    saqarTvelos mxridan

    mravaleTnikuri saqarTvelo

    jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. nino Ciqovani

  • 33

    ris, ratom ar SeuSlia xeli konfliqts am urTierTobebis

    ganviTarebisTvis.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ramdenad SeiZleboda ergneTis ba-

    zrobis msgavsi adgili yofiliyo konfliqtSi monawile mxa-

    reebis gamTiSveli da, amave dros, gamaerTianebeli?

    2. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi2. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor

    SeZles duxoborebma TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba XX saukunis

    saqarTveloSi?

    moswavle gaiazrebs, rogor moaxerxes duxoborebma Tavi-

    anTi tradiciuli meurneobis dargebisa da yofis SenarCuneba

    samcxe-javaxeTSi, ra iyo duxoborebis dasaxlebebSi yvelaze

    mniSvnelovani: meurneoba, ena, religia Tu sxva., ra gavlena iqo-

    nia me-20 saukunis mniSvnelovanma politikurma movlenebma maT

    cxo vrebaze saqarTveloSi.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra uwyobda xels mcirericxovani

    eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas?

    3. „kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi„kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:

    ramdenad iyo sofeli baraleTi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi

    „kavkasiuri ezos“ magaliTi?

    moswavle gaiazrebs, ras niSnavs „kavkasiuri ezo“, ra uw-

    yobda da dResac uwyobs xels qarTvelTa da somexTa mSvido-

    bian Tanacxovrebas javaxeTis sofel baraleTSi: Sromis pro-

    cesi, RvTismsaxureba, mezobluri urTierToba, kanonmdebloba

    Tu sxv..

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom iTvleba „kavkasiuri ezo“

    sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis urTierTpativiscemis simbolod?

    4. cxinvali 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde4. cxinvali 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde – erTiano-

    ba mravalferovnebaSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen

    sxva dasxva erovnebis adamianebi cxinvalSi 1990-iani wlebis

    dasawyisamde?

    moswavleebi gaxdebian „kvleviTi jgufis wevrebi“ da

    imuSaveben proeqtze, romlis mizania ipovon pasuxi kiTxvaze:

    mcxovreblebs 1990–iani wlebis dasawyisamde?

    5. ra moxda TbilisSi 1956 wlis 9 marts?5. ra moxda TbilisSi 1956 wlis 9 marts? – sakvanZo

    kiTxva: ratom miiRes monawileoba 1956 wlis 9 martis movle-

    nebSi sxvadasxva erovnebra akavSirebda erTmaneTTan sxvadasxva

  • 34

    eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis adamianebs cxinvalSi mSvi-

    dobiani cxovrebisas? maT mouwevT sxvadasxva saxis, maT Soris,

    adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis interviuebis gaanalizeba da sa-

    kuTari daskvnebis gakeTeba.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aerTianebda cxinvalis is war-

    momadgenlebma?

    moswavle gaiazrebs 1956 wlis 9 martis tragikul movle-

    nebSi sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebis monawil-

    eobis mizezebs da amis fonze gaakeTebs sakuTar daskvnebs, Tu

    ramdenad CarTulebi iyvnen sxvadasxva erovnebis saqarTvelos

    moqalaqeebi qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebSi.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: raze metyvelebs eTnikuri umci-

    resobebis monawileoba sabWoTa saqarTveloSi mimdinare pro-

    cesebSi?

    6. 1989 wlis 9 aprili6. 1989 wlis 9 aprili – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor vi-

    brZodiT erTad saqarTvelos damoukideblobisTvis?

    moswavle gaiazrebs XX saukunis meore naxevris am mniS-

    vnelovan da tragikul movlenas axali kuTxiT: dainaxavs masSi

    saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxvadasxva erovnebis adamianis monaw-

    ileobas. garda amisa, gaerkveva wyaroebis tipebSi, daadgens

    maTi sandoobis xarisxs.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor SeiZleba gaxdes da-

    moukideblobisTvis brZola sxvadasxva erovnebis moqalaqeebis

    gamaerTianebeli?

    7. Tbilisis melpomena (XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri 7. Tbilisis melpomena (XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri

    cxovreba)cxovreba) – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor gamoxatavda Teatraluri

    cxovreba XX saukunis Tbilisis mravalerovan iersaxes?

    moswavle gaicnobs qarTuli, rusuli, somxuri da azer-

    baijanuli Teatrebis istorias da gaiazrebs, ra rols Ta-

    maSobda zogadad Teatraluri cxovreba sxvadasxva erovnebis

    Tbiliselebis daaxlovebaSi. moswavleebs mouwevT jgufebSi

    muSaoba da „statiis“ momzadeba XX saukunis dasawyisis erT–

    erTi Tbilisuri gazeTisaTvis.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor emsaxureboda Tbilisis

    melpomena Tanacxovrebas mravalkulturul qalaqSi?

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 35

    8. edemis baRi „samxreTis cimbirSi“8. edemis baRi „samxreTis cimbirSi“ – sakvanZo kiTxva: ro-

    gori urTierToba iyo saqarTveloSi Camosaxlebul rusebsa

    da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris XX saukunis dasawyisSi?

    moswavle gaiazrebs rogori iyo sagarejos raionSi XIX-XX

    saukuneebSi Camosaxlebuli rusi malaknebis cxovreba XX sau-

    kunis ganmavlobaSi: mezoblebTan urTierToba, Sroma, saojaxo

    yofa, damokidebuleba eTnikuri da SeZenili samSoblosadmi.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom iTvleboda saqarTvelo anu

    „samxreTis cimbiri“ edemis baRad?

    9. „Tbilisuri ezo“9. „Tbilisuri ezo“ – sakvanZo kiTxva: ras niSnavs „Tbili-

    suri ezo“?

    moswavle gaiazrebs, ra istoriulma movlenebma Seuwyo

    xeli e.w. „Semosavliani saxlebis“ gaCenas; rogori iyo Tbili-

    sur ezoebSi yoveldRiuri cxovreba; ra iyo am cxovrebis

    dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. moswavles mouxdeba Tavisi

    daskvnebis gakeTeba im masalaSi, romelsac vebgverdisaTvis

    moamzadebs. aseve, moswavleebi gaiTamaSeben scenas Tbilisuri

    ezos cxovrebidan.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: raSi gamoixateba Tbilisuri

    ezoebis gansakuTrebuli koloriti?

    1. Sereuli qorwinebebi saqarTveloSi XX saukunis meore 1. Sereuli qorwinebebi saqarTveloSi XX saukunis meore

    naxevarSinaxevarSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: romelma politikurma procesebma

    iqonia gavlena saqarTvelos mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgen-

    lobis cvlilebaze XX saukunis meore naxevarSi?

    moswavle, mravalferovani wyaroebis analizis gziT, gaa-

    cnobierebs saqarTvelos mosaxleobis demografiuli cvli-

    lebebis Taviseburebebsa da mizezebs; gaecnoba saqarTvelos

    mosaxleobis demografiul mravalferovnebasa da misi cvli-

    lebebis dinamikas XX saukunis meore naxevarSi.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra istoriuli movlenebi axdenda

    gavlenas Sereuli qorwinebebis dinamikaze?

    ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba

    jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. naira mamukelaSvili

  • 36

    2. erTi quCa marneulSi2. erTi quCa marneulSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo

    sxvadasxva eTnikuri da religiuri jgufis Tanacxovrebis

    tradiciebi marneulSi XX saukunis bolos?

    moswavle, saqarTvelos erT-erTi regionis – marneulis

    mosa xleobis yoveldRiuri cxovrebis magaliTze, sxvadasxva

    xasiaTis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, gaanalizebs rogor moxda

    sxva dasxva aRmsareblobis adamianTa tradiciebisa da kultu-

    ris daaxloeba.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris marneulSi sxvadasxva

    eTni kuri Tu religiuri jgufis urTierTobis damaxasiaTe-

    beli niSani?

    3. „xalxTa WianWvelebis bude“ CaqvSi3. „xalxTa WianWvelebis bude“ CaqvSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:

    ratom eZaxian Caqvs „xalxTa WianWvelebis budes“?

    moswavle, gaecnoba saqarTvelos erT-erTi yvelaze mra-

    valeTnikuri soflis – Caqvis istoriul ganviTarebas XX

    saukunis ganmavlobaSi. wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, is gaanalizebs,

    Tu ra aris imis mizezi, rom saukunovani Tanacxovrebis pi-

    robebSi, CaqvSi eTnikur niadagze ar momxdara arc erTi kon-

    fliqti; ra aerTianebs erTmaneTisagan eTnikuri da religiuri

    niSniT gansxvavebul adamianebs, ra ganapirobebs maT mSvidobian

    Tanacxovrebas mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom ada-

    mianebi mSvidobianad cxovrobdnen mravaleTnikur dasaxlebaSi?

    4. udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi4. udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:

    rogor cxovrobdnen udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi?

    moswavle gaecnoba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis albanuri

    warmoSobis erT-erTi mcirecicxovani eTnikuri jgufis – ud-

    iebis yoveldRiur yofa-cxovrebas qarTvelebis garemocvaSi.

    saerTo saklaso diskusiis gziT moswavle Tavad gamoTqvams

    mosazrebebs, rogor unda moxdes udiebis integrireba qar-

    Tul sazogadoebriobasTan ise, rom SenarCunebul iqnas maTi

    tradiciebi da TviTmyofadoba.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra faqtorebs SeuZlia mcire-

    ricxovani xalxebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis xelSewyoba?

    5. qistebi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi5. qistebi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:

    rogor aRiqvams qistebs Tanamedrove qarTuli sazogadoeba?

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 37

    moswavle gaecnoba qistebis yoveldRiur cxovrebas saqa-

    rTvelos erT-erT mTian regionSi; gaanalizebs, ras efuZneba

    qristianebisa da muslimebis urTierToba sofel joyolos

    magaliTze; Camoayalibebs kavkasiis xalxebis saerTo wes-

    Cveulebebisa da mentalitetis Camoyalibebis mizezebs.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: eTnikuri, religiuri da enobrivi

    siWrele – kavkasiuri kulturis simdidrea Tu problemebis

    wyaro?

    6. espaneli bebiis istoria6. espaneli bebiis istoria – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca

    saqarTvelo samSoblod meore msoflio omis dros espaneTi-

    dan evakuirebuli bavSvebisaTvis?

    moswavle, sxvadasxva saxis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT da erTi

    espanur-qarTuli ojaxis magaliTze, gaecnoba da gaanalizebs

    upatronod darCenili espaneli bavSvebis mdgomareobas, saqa-

    rTveloSi maTi gadmosaxlebis Semdeg; im istoriul faqtebs,

    romlebmac maTi saqarTveloSi gadmosaxleba ganapiroba da

    momavalSi maT beds Seexo. is gaanalizebs, rogori adamianuri

    Tvisebebi ganapirobebs xalxis urTierT keTilganwyobil damo-

    ki debulebas yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: romel istoriul movlenebs Seu-

    Zlia gavlenis moxdena calkeuli adamianis bedze?

    7. eTnokonfliqtebi da bavSvebi 7. eTnokonfliqtebi da bavSvebi – sakvanZo kiTxva: 1990-

    iani wlebis ra istoriulma movlenebma iqonia gavlena bavS-

    vebis cxovrebis pirobebze saqarTveloSi?

    moswavle gaiazrebs XX saukunis bolosa da XXI sauku-

    nis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze ganxorcielebuli

    eTnokonfliqtebis Sedegad dazaralebuli ojaxebis bavSvebis

    mdgomareobas; daasabuTebs, Tu ratom unda iyos dainteresebu-

    li saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba mozardi Taobis problemebis

    gadaWriT. wyaroebis safuZvelze daadgens, Tu romeli ufle-

    bebi xorcieldeboda eTnokonfliqtebis Sedegad dazaralebul

    bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT; Seecdeba gamonaxos gzebi dazarale-

    buli bavSvebis mdgomareobis Sesamsubuqeblad.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena iqonia 1990-iani

    wlebis eTnokonfliqtebma saqarTveloSi bavSvebis bedze?

  • 38

    1. gayofili lukma1. gayofili lukma – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen

    erTad qarTvelebi da evakuirebuli ukrainelebi saqarTveloSi

    1930-40-ian wlebSi?

    moswavle gaanalizebs: 1930-40-ian wlebSi ukrainelTa

    saqarTveloSi migraciis mizezebs; maTi qarTul sazogadoebaSi

    integraciis process; siZneleebs, romelsac waawydnen saqarT-

    veloSi ukraineli migrantebi. Camoayalibebs Tavis mosazre-

    bebs zemoaRniSnul sakiTxebze jfufuri muSaobis safuZvelze.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris samuSao furclis saTau-

    ris gzavnili?

    2. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi (mesxeTidan deportireb-2. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi (mesxeTidan deportireb-

    ulebi)ulebi) – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom eZeben dRemde deportirebuli

    mesxebi TavianT samSoblos?

    moswavle gaerkveva 1940-ian wlebSi samxreT saqarTvelosa

    da aWaris regionebidan mesxi mosaxleobis erTi nawilis iZu-

    lebiT gasaxlebis mizezebsa da SedegebSi; gaanalizebs saq ar-

    Tvelos mTavrobisa da sazogadoebis, sxvadasxva organizaciis

    pozicias deportirebul mesxebTan dakavSirebiT XX saukunis

    40-iani wlebidan dRemde. moswavle am sakiTxebSi gaerkveva

    klasSi simulaciuri aqtivobis meSveobiT.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom gaasaxla saxelmwifom

    saqarTvelodan, xolo Semdeg daabruna mosaxleobis garkveuli

    nawili?

    3. rusTavi – „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqi3. rusTavi – „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqi – sakvanZo SekiTxva:

    saidan warmoiSva rusTavis zedmetsaxeli, `ormoci Zmis~ qa-

    laqi?

    moswavle gaigebs, rom 1940-ian wlebSi metalurgebis axa-

    li qalaqis rusTavis daarseba industrializaciis politi-

    kis gamoZaxili iyo, xolo qalaqis internacionaluri, mra-

    valerovnuli xasiaTi – nawilobriv, saxelmwifos mxridan

    Si da mi graciuli procesebis regulirebis Sedegi. moswavle

    imsjelebs axali, mravalerovnuli qalaqis daarsebasTan daka-

    istorikosi N1 2011

    migracia

    jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. cira CikvaiZe

  • 39

    vSirebul socialur, ekonomikur da kulturul problemebze

    qalaq rusTavze pirobiTad gadasaRebi filmis scenarebSi.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra roli iTamaSa migraciulma

    procesebma mravalerovani rusTavis SeqmnaSi?

    4. agorebuli qvebi (ekologiuri migrantebi saqarTveloSi)4. agorebuli qvebi (ekologiuri migrantebi saqarTveloSi)

    _ sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca ekomigrantebis gansaxlebis

    sakiTxi erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobis problemad saqarT-

    veloSi?

    moswavle gamoikvlevs da gaanalizebs 1990-ian wlebSi

    saqarTveloSi ekologiuri cvlilebebis Sedegad gamowveul

    Si da migraciul procesebs; gamoTqvams mosazrebebs axali da-

    sa xlebebis SeqmniT warmoqmnili problemebis da saxelmwifos

    rolis Sesaxeb am problemebis gadaWrisas. mas dasWirdeba

    prezentaciis momzadeba da Sexedulebebis Sejereba ekomi-

    grantebis problemebis gadaWris RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT.

    ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra roli unda Seasrulos xelisu-

    flebam da sazogadoebam ekomigrantebis adaptaciisaTvis xel-

    sayreli garemos SeqmnaSi?

    5. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi da osebi (XX s. 90-5. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi da osebi (XX s. 90-

    iani ww.iani ww.) _ sakvanZo kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara politikuri

    lideris sajaro gamosvla calkeuli eTnikuri jgufis migra-

    ciis mizezi gaxdes?

    moswavle, mravalferovani wyaroebis daxmarebiT da jgu-

    febSi muSaobis Sedegad, gaanalizebs: 1990-ian wlebSi saqarT-

    velodan osebis migraciis mizezebsa da dinamikas; qarTuli

    saxelmwifos mier gadadgmul politikur nabijebs; imsje-

    lebs daZabulobis zrdis mizezebsa da konfliqtis mogvarebis

    gzebze.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena moaxdina 1980-iani

    wlebis bolosa da 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisis movlenebma

    saqarTvelos mosaxlebis migraciul procesebze?

    6. sami qalis dRiuri: baltiispirelebis bedi saqarTvelo-6. sami qalis dRiuri: baltiispirelebis bedi saqarTvelo-

    SiSi _ sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen baltiispirelebi

    XX saukunis saqarTveloSi?

    moswavleebi gaigeben: rodis dasaxldnen, rogor integrird-

    nen da cxovroben saqarTveloSi estonelebi, litvelebi da

  • 40

    latvielebi; ramdenad aqtiurad aris CarTuli baltiispirel-

    Ta diaspora saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv da sazogadoebriv

    cxovrebaSi. Aam kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas moswavle moax-

    erxebs sami _ estoneli, litveli da latvieli _ qalis

    dRiurebis furclebidan.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris saerTo saqarTveloSi

    mcxovrebi baltiispireli qalebis bedSi?

    7. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris?~: 1990-iani wlebis emigra-7. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris?~: 1990-iani wlebis emigra-

    ciacia _ sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom tovebdnen saqarTvelos moqa-

    laqeebi samSoblos 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi?

    moswavle, sxvadasxva saxis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, gaanali-

    zebs saqarTveloSi XX s. bolos arsebuli migraciuli pro-

    cesebis gamomwvev politikur, ekonomikur, socialur mizezebs.

    jgufuri muSaobis Sedegad, daasaxelebs maTgan, misi azriT,

    yvelaze mniSvnelovan xuT mizezs, ris gamoc SeiZleboda im

    dros saqarTvelos datoveba. aseve, ivaraudebs xuT mizezs, ris

    gamoc samSobloSi darCena jobda.

    ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: SeZles Tu ara 1990-iani wlebis

    emigrantebma sxva saqarTvelos naxva?

    mimarTuleba _ religia

    1. kanoni da realoba1. kanoni da realoba – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo sab-

    WoTa saxelmwifos religiuri politika 1920-40-ian wlebSi?

    samuSao furceli exeba 1920-40-ian wlebSi religiis

    sferoSi sabWoTa kanonmdeblobis da saxelmwifoSi Seqmni-

    li realuri viTarebis winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs. moswavle

    gaacnobierebs saxelmwifos rols negatiuri stereotipebis

    Camoyalibebis saqmeSi da rom marto kargi kanoni ar aris sak-

    marisi realur cxovrebaSi mis gansaxorcieleblad.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra monawileobas iRebdnen qarTve-

    li bolSevikebi saxelmwifos religiuri politikis ganxor-

    cielebaSi?

    istorikosi N1 2011

    religia

    jgufis xelmZRvaneli istoriis doqtori

    beso lorTqifaniZe

  • 41

    2. uRmerTo saqarTvelo2. uRmerTo saqarTvelo – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom ebrZoda

    sabWoTa saxelmwifo yvela aRmsareblobis adamians 1920-30-

    ian wlebSi?

    samuSao furceli gadmogvcems 1920-30-ian wlebSi sabWoTa

    propagandistuli manqanis damokidebulebas yvela religiis

    mimarT. moswavle dainaxavs, rom es negatiuri damokidebuleba

    Seexo yvela aRmsareblobas. is Tavad Seqmnis TvalsaCinoebas

    da gaiazrebs, rom yvela mrwamsis adamianis mimarT unda iyos

    tolerantuli.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor axsni samuSao furclis

    saTaurs „uRmerTo saxelmwifo“?

    3. faruli locv3. faruli locva – sakvanZo kiTxva: ra Sedegi mohyva re-

    ligiuri politikis cvlilebas sabWoTa kavSirSi 1940-70-ian

    wlebSi?

    samuSao furcelSi gadmocemulia saxelmwifos damokideb-

    uleba sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis adamianebis mimarT da real-

    uri suraTi 1940-70-ian wlebSi. moswavle dainaxavs xalxis

    Cum protests saxelmwifo politikis mimarT.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom loculobdnen sabWoTa

    saqarTveloSi farulad?

    4. TanamSromloba Tu Seuwynarebloba?!4. TanamSromloba Tu Seuwynarebloba?! – sakvanZo kiTx-

    va: ramdenad iyo aRmsarebloba da erovnuloba konfliqtebis

    mizezi damoukidebel saqarTveloSi XX-XXI saukuneebis mi-

    jnaze?

    moswavle gaecnoba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sxvadasxva

    mrwamsis adamianebis urTierTdamokidebulebas 1990-ian wleb-

    sa da Tanamedrove periodSi. is Seecdeba gaarkvios, ramdenad

    uwyobs xels urTierTSemwynarebloba qveynis karCaketilobis

    daZlevasa da siZleres. amisaTvis mas istoriidan magaliTebis

    moSvelieba dasWirdeba.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlenas axdens qveynis gan-

    viTarebaze sxvadasxva religiis warmomadgenelTa TanamSrom-

    loba da urTierTSemwynarebloba?

    5. saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebisTvis?5. saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebisTvis? – sakvanZo kiTxva:

    ramdenad misaRebia fraza: saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebi sTvis?

    moswavle Seecdeba gaarkvios, ratom aris garkveuli ste-

  • 42

    reotipebi saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis adamianebis

    mimarT. aseve Seecdeba dasaxos gzebi am stereotipebis dasa-

    Zlevad.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom unda izrunos qveynis

    mosaxleobis marTlmadidebelma umravlesobam sxva aRmsare-

    blobis adamianebis uflebebze?

    6. kaTolikebi me-20 saukunis quTaisSi6. kaTolikebi me-20 saukunis quTaisSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:

    rogori iyo quTaisis mosaxleobis damokidebuleba adgilo-

    brivi kaTolikebis mimarT XX saukuneSi?

    moswavle gaecnoba da gaiazrebs qarTveli kaTolikebis

    wvlils me-20 saukunis quTaisis cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela

    sferoSi; adgilobrivi mosaxleobis maTdami damokidebulebas.

    ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom Tvlidnen Tavs sxvadasxva

    konfesiis adamianebi, maT Soris, kaTolikebi, upirvelesad, WeS-

    marit quTaislebad?

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 43

    ganaTleba inkluziurobis, cnobierebis

    amaRlebisa da tolerantobisaTvis:

    ZiriTadi Temebi sakiTxis droulobisa da

    mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb

    istoriis saganmanaTleblo roli skolebSi

    2008 wels sajaro ganaTlebis Sefasebis holandiurma cen-

    trma sakuTar veb-gverdze Semdegi daskvna gamoaqveyna: „sko-

    lebs mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba kanonierebis, demokratiisa

    da moqalaqeobis zogadi faseulobebis gadacemis saqmeSi. es

    gansakuTrebiT xorcieldeba iseTi sagnebis meSveobiT, rogori-

    caa istoria da moqalaqeobis safuZvlebi.“ swored es wina-

    dadeba xsnis sakiTxis arss, kerZod imas, rom istoria, rasac

    Cven skolebSi vaswavliT, axalgazrda Taobis aRzrdasTanaa

    dakavSirebuli da, aqedan gamomdinare, misi msjelobis sagani

    unda iyos sayovelTao faseulobebi, humanuri midrekilebebi

    da demokratiis monapovari.

    vici, rom bevri istorikosisaTvis es gancxadeba SeiZle-

    ba arakomfortul WeSmaritebas warmoadgendes, radgan isini

    ufrTxian warsulis instrumentalizacias da, miT ufro, ide-

    ologiuri mizezebiT mis arasworad gamoyenebas. samwuxarod,

    ioke van der leu-roordi

    evroklios damfuZnebeli,

    misi pirveli prezidenti,

    amJamad aRmasrulebeli direqtori

    saerTaSoriso siaxleebi istoriis swavlebaSi

  • 44

    istoria da istoriis swavleba evropaSi Tu mis farglebs

    gareT uamrav magaliTs gvTavazobs am SiSis gasamarTleb lad.1

    Tumca, istoriis pedagogebs isic gaazrebuli aqvT, rom isini

    saganmanaTleblo sistemis nawils warmoadgenen da ganaTleba

    axlagazrda Taobaze unda iyos morgebuli. skolaSi mozardebi

    ar Seiswavlian warsuls mxolod im mizniT rom gaarkvion

    zustad ra moxda; sagani unda daiwyos mTavari SekiTxviT mis

    mizanTan dakavSirebiT.

    istorias evropul saskolo kurikulumSi uamravi mniS-

    vnelovani mizani akisria. evroklios mier 2003, 2006 da 2009

    wlebSi Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom istoriis Seswav-

    lisa Tu swavlebis upirvelesi miznebi mTels evropaSi met–

    naklebad erTnairia: esaa ganaTleba demokratiisa da moqa-

    laqeobriobis xelSewyobisTvis, moswavleTa mier samyaros

    Se cnoba, maTSi kritikuli azrovnebis unaris ganviTareba da

    sakuTari saxelmwifosadmi erovnuli kuTvnilebis grZnobis

    Camo yalibeba.2

    pasuxismgebeli profesiuli Zala

    cnobilia, rom istoria sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelvan ma-

    moZravebel Zalas warmoadgens. aqedan gamomdinare, evroklio

    cdilobs xeli Seuwyos istoriuli ganaTlebis jan saR gam-

    oyenebas demokratiuli sazogadoebebis mSene blobisa da ga-

    Zlierebis mizniT. aseve cdilobs kavSiri daamyaros isto-

    rikosebs Soris miuxedavad maTi eTnikuri Tu religiuri

    kuTvnilebisa. organizaciis wevrebi erToblivad eZeben gzebs,

    1 magaliTisTvis ixileT Antoon de Baets, Responsible History (Oxford, 2008), Christina Koulouri (ed), Clio in the Balkans. The Policy of History Education (Thessaloniki, 2002), Christina Koulouri (ed), Teaching the History of Southeastern Europe (Thessaloniki, 2001) da Wolfgang Hopken(ed), Oil on Fire: Textbooks, Ethnic Stereotypes and Violence in South-Eastern Europe (Hannover, 1996).

    2 evroklios saiti Seicavs ZiriTadi kiTxvarebis Sedegebs, moyolebuli

    1998 wlidan rogorc PowerPoint-Si warmodgenil prezentaciebs, aseve dia-gramebsa da rukebs: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,402/.

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 45

    raTa danergon sayovelTao Rirebulebebi, humanuri midrekile-

    bebi, demokratiuli monapovari da, amgvarad, gazardon gana-

    Tlebis mniSvneloba keTilsindisieri moqalaqeobisa da Seri-

    gebis saqmeSi.

    daarsebis dRidan, 1993 wlidan evroklio xels uwyobs

    saeTaSoriso urTierTgagebas, pativiscemasa da TanamSromlo-

    bas. organizaciis upirveles mizans warmoadgens xeli Seuwyos

    istoriis swavlebis ganviTarebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, gaaZlierebs

    mSvidobas, stabilurobas, demokratias da kritikul azrovne-

    bas. evroklio iRwvis, raTa istoriisa da moqalaqeobriobis

    safuZvlebis swavleba mravalferovani xedviT, inovaciiT da

    kritikuli azrovnebiT gaamdidros.

    evroklio amtkicebs, rom warsuls ar gaaCnia sazRvrebi da

    istoriis swavleba udides gavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor

    aRiqvamen adamianebi garemomcvel samyaros. evroklios xedviT,

    istoriis swavla da swavleba gansakuTrebuli pasuxismge-

    blobis sferoa, radgan swored is gaxlavT ganaTlebis sfero-

    Si yvelaze metad politizirebuli sagani. saskolo istoria

    moiTxovs pasuxismgeblobis mqone yovelmxriv profesionals

    da evroklioc Tavs uyris istorikosebsa da istoriis peda-

    gogebs evropidan, raTa erToblivad ganixilon da gamoscadon

    warsulis inkluziuri swavlebis meTodebi.

    evroklios miaCnia, rom istoria aris yvelaze struqturi-

    zebuli arxi sazogadoebebSi istoriuli cnobierebis Camoya-

    libebisTvis da, Sesabamisad, SemoqmedebiTad uwyobs xels mis

    winsvlas. evroklio propagandas uwevs imgvar midgomas isto-

    riis swavlebisadmi, romelic ganamtkicebs demokratiul fa-

    seulobebs, unarebs da midrekilebebs. Tavis mxriv, es sagani

    zrdis ormxriv pativiscemas, tolerantobas da antieqstremi-

    stul ganaTlebas. is svams kiTxvebs, romlebic iwveven kamaTs.

    imisaTvis, raTa es ideebi praqtikaSi gaataros, 1993 wlidan

    moyolebuli evrokliom evropaSi organizeba gauwia 30-ze met

    saerTaSoriso konferencias, asobiT adgilobriv seminars da

    vorqSops, ganaxociela uamravi grZelvadiani proeqti.

  • 46

    novatoruli meTodologia

    evroklios politika SemuSavebulia uamravi erovnuli da

    saerTaSoriso debatebis Sedegad. istoriis saskolo swav-

    lebis tradiciuli funqcia mravaljer dadga kiTxvis niSnis

    qveS, radgan xSirad igi iaraRad qceula erebsa Tu saxelmwi-

    foebs Soris dapirispirebebSi. 2007 wels bledSi (slovenia)

    gaimarTa saerTaSoriso konferencia Temaze ,,adamianTa ufle-

    bebis swavleba: gakveTilebi istoriidan“ sadac kviprosel-

    ma istoriis ganaTlebis eqspertma Cara makriianim damswre

    farTo evropuli sazogadoebis winaSe wamoWra mniSvnelovani

    kiTxvebi saskolo sagnis miznebTan dakavSirebiT.1

    • moeTxovebaT Tu ara istoriis swavlebis procesSi mo-

    swavleebs daeTanxmon movlenebis Sefasebas Tu kiTxvis niSnis

    qveS unda daayenon is;

    • morCilad unda miyvnen movlenebis „oficialur“ inter-

    pretacias Tu disciplinirebuli kamaTisa da argumentebis

    Sedegad sakuTari versiebi SeimuSavon;

    • daeTanxmon romelime konkretul xedvas Tu multiper-

    speqtiuli xedvisaken iswrafon?

    • istoriam skolis moswavleebs daTanxmeba unda aswavlos

    Tu winaaRmdegobis gaweva?

    cxadia, istoriis swavlebis evropeli da aramarto evro-

    peli specialistebi ufro metad am kiTxvebis meore nawi-

    l ebs daeTanxmebian, Tumca es ar niSnavs imas, rom umravlesoba

    swored am midgomas iziarebs. umetes evropul qveynebSi poli-

    tikosebsa da mediis warmomamdgenlebs Zalian uWirT gaiTavi-

    son saskolo istoriis es kritikuli pasuxismgebloba.

    doqtori Cara makriiani aseve Seexo sagnis Tematikas da

    dasva Semdegi kiTxvebi:

    • unda misces Tu ara saskolo istoriam moswavleebs co

    1 doqtor makriianis sruli prezentacia SegiZliaT ixiloT bmul-

    ze: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Ite-mid,402/.

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 47

    dna da gaagebinos warsulis Sesaxeb istoriuli azrovnebis

    mniSvneloba;

    • unda ganaviTaros Tu ara maTSi warsul da axlandel

    sa zo gadoebebSi individebis Tu jgufebis rolis, pasuxismgeb-

    lobis, uflebebis SesaZleblobebis da movaleobebis gageba;

    • unda gazardos Tu ara moswavleTa demokratiuli damo-

    kidebulebebi da unarebi;

    • unda waaqezos Tu ara sazogadoebaSi CarTuloba da aqti-

    voba;

    • unda gazardos Tu ara moswavleTa Soris mravalfe ro-

    vnebis mimReoba.

    am SemTxvevaSi istoriis Tanamedrove swavleba valdebulia

    yvela moTxovna gaiTvaliswinos.

    sakiTxavia, ramdenadaa es midgomebi saskolo istoriis r e -

    a lo ba Si danergili?

    2006 wels evroklios mier Sedgenili kiTxvari sTxovda

    respodentebs eCvenebinaT, Tu ra adgili uWiravs maT erovnul

    kurikulumebSi garkveul koncefciebsa da kompetenciebs.

    gamokiTxvis Sedegad, yvelaze mniSvnelovnad dasaxelda

    Sedegi:

    • qronologiuri cnobierebis Camoyalibeba da movlenaTa

    qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT dalagebis unari;

    • cvlilebisa da uwyvetobis gaazrebis unari;

    • analizis unari;

    • istoriuli masalebis Sefasebisa da maTi istoriul kon-

    teqstSi gamoyenebis unari.

    da mainc, yvelaze mniSvnelovnad istoriuli codnis Tanmim-

    devrulad gaxseneba iTvleboda, vidre faqtebisa da Sexedu-

    l e bebis erTmaneTisagan garCeva. aseve, istoriuli mniSvnelobis

    Sefaseba urTierTsawinaaRmdego interpretaciebis ga mo yenebiT.

    yvelaze umniSvnelod CaiTvala dRevandeli istoriografiuli

    debatebis saqmis kursSi yofna.

  • 48

    faseulobebi da midgomebi

    samxreT floridis ganaTlebis koleji Zalian kargad uR-

    e bs alRos istoriis pedagogTa muSaobas, rodesac wers, rom

    „yvela profesia xasiaTdeba saerTo codnis erTi da imav e Tvi-

    sebebiT, unarebiT da midgomebiT.1 swavleba ki xelobaa, rad gan

    srulyofilebis ZiebaSi is iyenebs mecnierebasac da xelovneba-

    sac“... es ganacxadi maswavlebelTan erTad moswavlesac exeba

    – “socialuri disciplinebis (ganaTleba) ZiriTad winapirobas

    warmoadgens is, rom moswavle valdebulia gamoavlinos codna,

    unarebi, midgoma“.

    es ganacxadi socialuri disciplinebisa da ganaTlebis

    erT Zalian mniSvnelovan da saintereso aspeqts usvams xazs.

    es ori sagani ara mxolod gadascems codnas da unarebs, ar-

    amed nergavs konkretul faseulobebs da aviTarebs sazogadoe-

    bisaTvis sasargeblo midgomebs moswavleebSi.2 swored zemox-

    senebul or sagans aqvs yvelaze metad pirdapiri urTierToba

    politikasTan, ideologiasa da sazogadoebebis Tanadroul

    saWiroebebTan. sakiTxebi, romlebic yovelTvis iwveven kamaTs

    istoriis axali kurikulumis Sesaxeb aris globalizacia,

    gadagvareba, erovnuli identobis SegrZnebis Semcireba, saer-

    TaSoriso islamis mzardi roli da erovnul Tu religiur

    umciresobaTa naklebi integracia sazogadoebaSi.

    ukanasknel wlebSi evropaSi am sakiTxebs socialuri mis-

    wrafebebis mTel wyebasTan akavSirebdnen. yofil komunistur

    qveynebSi dRis wesrigSi upirvelesi adgili daiWira gana-

    Tlebam demokratiis ganviTarebisaTvis.3 bevri iseTi dasav-

    1 ixileT: Social Studies Education (SSE) Course & Program Policies & Expec-tations bmulze: http://www.coedu.usf.edu/main/departments/seced/SocialS/SSEho-me.html

    2 evroklios 2009 wlis kiTxvaris avlens Semdeg prioritetebs: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,402/.

    3 Michail A. Boytsov, “A EUROCLIO and Russian Joint Venture. Writing Scho-olbooks on Post-War History”–History for Today and Tomorrow. What does Euro-pe Mean for School History. EUSTORY-Series: Shaping European History, Volume 2 (Hamburg, 2001) 154-163. evroklios proeqtebi fikusirdeba Semdegi sa-kiTxebis garSemo. http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,241/vb.

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 49

    leTevropuli qveynis winaSe, romlebSic maRalia migracia, mag-

    aliTad, safrangeTi, didi britaneTi, niderlandebi, moulod-

    nelad dadga sakuTari rolis gaazrebis sakiTxi sazogadoe-

    baTa kavSiris, mravalferovnebis dafasebis da tolerantobis

    mSeneblobis saqmeSi.1 konfliqtur teritoriebze, magaliTad

    bosniaSi, saqar Tvelosa da makedoniaSi, Serigebasa da mraval-

    ferovnebis dafasebas didi yuradReba eqceva. TiTqmis yve-

    la evropuli skolis istoriis kurikulumSi Sevida Temebi,

    romlebic moicavs Tanasworobas, adamianTa uflebebs, gen d ers,

    uwyvet ganviTarebas da garemos. gansakuTrebuli davalebebi

    da e kisra socialur disciplinebsa da istoriis kurikulumebs,

    amisi kargi magaliTia evroklios egidiT TurqeTSi mimdinare

    proeqti. SeiZleba zogma ikiTxos, ramdenad emTxveva evro-

    pel politikosTa da istoriis pedagogTa damokidebulebebi

    da ramdenad misaRebia maswavlebelTaTvis es moTxovnebi, an

    saerTod, ramdenad xSirad ekiTxebian maT rCevas, aqvT Tu ara

    survili da unari msgavsi faseulobebi gadascen Taobebs da

    ganaviTaron garkveuli tendenciebi?2

    evroklios mer 2009 wels Catarebulma gamokiTxvam

    dagvanaxa, rom evropaSi amgvar gadawyvetilebebze istoriis

    peda gogebs mcire gavlena aqvT.3 da kiTxva, pedagogTa Taname-

    drove kompetencia da arsebuli saswavlo masalebis xarisxi

    gamodgeba Tu ara dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad, jerac pa-

    suxgaucemelia.

    evroklios meTodi gamoxatavs azrs, rom istoriasa da is-

    toriis swavlebas adamianuri faseulobebis, damokidebule-

    bebis da midrekilebebis mTel wyebasTan uxdeba Sepirispireba.

    1 Gordon Brown, The Future of Britishness, moxseneba fabianelTa sazoga-doebaSi, 2006 wlis 14 ianvari. sazogadoebis pres-relizi ixileT bmulze

    http://www.fabians.org.uk/events/speeches/the-future-of-britishness; magaliTad, ni-derlandebSi debatebi Temaze Canon and National Museum for History ixileT http://www.jijmaaktgeschiedenis.nu/blog/ an http://entoen.nu/forum.aspx.

    2 James Fitzgerald, ‘History in the Curriculum: Debate on Aims and Values’ in History and Theory, Vol. 22, No. 4, Beiheft 22: The Philosophy of History Teaching (Dec., 1983), 81-100, ixileT bmulze http://www.jstor.org/pss/2505217.

    3 2009 wlis kiTxvaris Sedegebi ixileT bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,402/.

  • 50

    esaubro axlagazrda Taobas warsulze, niSnavs moicva pozi-

    tiuri Temebi, rogoricaa demokratia, tolerantoba, adamianTa

    uflebebis pativiscema, urTierTgageba, solidaroba, Tavisufle-

    ba, gambedaoba, Tanabari SesaZleblobebi, pasuxismgebloba, si-

    yvaruli da megobroba. Tumca, aseve Tavs ver aarideb negatiur

    cnebebs, rogoricaa stereotipebi, crurwmena, brma rwmena, qse-

    nofobia, rasizmi da Zaladoba.

    evrokliom partnior organizaciebTan erTad am sakiTxebTan

    dakavSirebiT mTeli rigi saswavlo strategiebi da masa-

    lebi SeimuSava.1 istoriaSi mravladaa movlenebi, procesebi

    da fenomenebi, romlebic moqalaqeobas Tu samoqalaqo pasux-

    ismgeblobas exeba. evroklio cnobs istoriis pedagogTa sa-

    sicocxlo rols axalgazrdebSi samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis

    da sazogadoebaSi maTi aqtiurad CarTvis saqmeSi.2

    specifiuri istoria

    evropis istoriis swavleba Zalian momTxovni da gansa-

    kuTrebulia. zogadad, erovnuli istoriis swavlebaSi erovnu-

    li umravlesobis warmomadgeneli jgufis xedvebi Warbobs.

    1 amis Sedegi iyo 14 inovaciuri saxelmZRvanelosa da maswavlebelTa

    damxmare wignis gamoqveyneba, magaliTisTvis: Ordinary People in an Extraordina-ry Country. Every Day Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia. Yugosla-via between East and West 1945-1990 (2008) and Change and Continuity in Everyday Life in Albania, Bulgaria and Macedonia 1945-2000 (2003). evroklios arsebo-bis pirveli 15 wlis namuSevris Sejameba ixileT organizaciis 26-e biule-

    tenSi Making a Difference. Fifteen Years of EUROCLIO, bmulze: http://www.eu-roclio.eu/site/index.php/2008-making-a-difference-bulletins-381. evroklios mier gamocemuli yvela publikaciis naxva SegiZliaT organizaciis saitze.

    2 magaliTad, ixileT Fair and Balanced History. 44 working sheets for active student work with a multicultural approach (http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/materials-bulgaria-129). evrokliosa da evropaevmis gaerTianebuli Zalisxme-vis Sedegia proeqti Connecting Europe through History. am wlis ZiriTad Temas warmoadgens Experiences and Perceptions of Migrations in Europe da informaciis xilva SesaZlebelia bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/projects-ma-inmenu-125/current-projects-mainmenu-32/connecting-europe-mainmenu-304. pir-veli wlis (Human rights in Europe? Tolerance, Democracy, Citizenship, Criti-cal thinking and Multiperspectivity as European Values) sruli moxseneba xelmi-sawvdomia bmulze http://www.connectinghistory.eu/.

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 51

    martini Tavs statiaSi evropis istoria da Zveli franguli

    wes-Cveulebebi aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTisaTvis „absolutu-

    rad warmoudgenelia iseTi kurikulumi, romelic mieZRvneboda

    bretanisa Tu baskuri regionis istoriis swavlebas1.“ amave

    dros, is acxadebs, „meore msoflio omis periodSi ganviTare-

    bul genocidamde evropaSi ar moiZebna adgili ebraelTaTvis.

    magram arc qalTa da arc genderis istoria ar TamaSobs ara-

    viTar rols; franguli istoriuli ganaTleba aris erovnuli

    franguli politikuri istoria“. zogierTi qveyana, magaliTad,

    britaneTi, kvlav mtkiced ewinaaRmdegeba iseTi kurikulumebis

    ganviTarebas, sadac istoriuli samyaro ufro vrclad an mci-

    red iqneba warmodgenili, vidre erovnuli saxelmwifo. jounsi

    Tavis statiaSi ,,spilosTan erTad sarecelis gayofa: isto-

    riis swavleba uelsSi“ wers, rom es sakiTxi aris gamowveva,

    romelsac swrafad unda gaumklavdes britaneTi, sadac ing-

    lisuri istoria, kultura da ena saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

    batonobda britaneTis sxva qveynebze.2 evroklios mier 2004

    wels kardifSi gamarTulma konferenciam aCvena, rom isto-

    riis uelsur kurikulumebsac gaaCndaT siZneleebi.3 saskolo

    istoria jerac fokusirdeba uamrav mniSvnelovan personaze,

    romlebic dominant kulturas warmoadgenen. mcire yuradReba

    eqceva qalebs da saerTod uyuradRebod rCebian eTnikuri

    jgufebis warmomadgenlebi.4

    1 Jean-Clément Martin, ‘European History and Old French Habits’, – History for Today and Tomorrow. What does Europe Mean for School History. EUSTORY-Se-ries: Shaping European History, Volume 2 (Hamburg, 2001) 45-57.

    2 Elin Jones, ‘Sharing the bed with an elephant: teaching history in Wales’, in: History for Today and Tomorrow, 36-44 and Jean-Clément Martin, ‘European Histo-ry and Old French Habits’, idem 45-57.

    3 R.R. Davies, ‘Wales and History, Small Country, Large Issues’ and Bjorn Mat-sen, ‘The Learning Country, Jane Davidson, Welsh Minister of Education’, orive ixileT evroklios me–20 biuletenSi: Belonging to Europe – Small Nations, Big Issues (2004) 10-17 and 17.

    4 Jan Bank en Piet de Rooy, ‘Een canon van het Nederlandse verleden. Wat iede-reen móet weten van de vaderlandse geschiedenis’, gazeTma NRC Handelsblad 2004 wlis 30 oqtombers warmoadgina am midgomis SesaniSnavi magaliTi, msgavs

    tendenciebs amJRavnebs 2001 wlis holandiuri kurikulumi Seqmnili saSu-

    alo skolis maRali klasebisaTvis.

  • 52

    zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad, rumineTsa da latviaSi, calke

    sagnad iswavleba eTnikuri jgufebis istoria. Tumca aseTi

    midgoma realurad sulac ar uwyobs xels inkluziur swav-

    lebas, radganac ar zrdis erTmaneTis Sesaxeb metis gagebis

    SesaZleblobas. umravlesobis jgufis warmomadgenelTaTvis

    sakuTari istoria Tu kultura warmoadgens erTaderT sagans

    saskolo istoriaSi. Tumca, umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa

    istoriis calke sagnad gamoyofa rumineTSi, sul cota, is-

    toriis swavlebaSi mravalferovnebis danergvas niSnavs. lat-

    viaSi axali moqnili kurikulumi aseve iZleva saSualebas

    Seswavlil iqnas eTnikuri istoria rusul, polonur, litvur,

    ukra inul, estonur da belorusulenovan skolebSi.

    inglisSi kurikulumis dagegmvisas mTavar moTxovnas war-

    moadgens is, rom igi pasuxobdes axalmosaxleTa saWiroebebs

    da erTnair uflebebs aniWebdes moswavleebs „miuxedavad maTi

    socialuri warmomavlobis, kulturis, rasis, sqesis, gansxvave-

    buli SesaZleblobebisa Tu unarebisa“.1 istoriis kurikulu-

    mis farglebSi moiTxoveba „Seuqmnan inglisSi axlad Camosul

    moswavleebs iseTi garemo, rom maT CamouyalibdeT sakuTari

    identobis da msoflioSi sakuTari adgilis myari SegrZneba.

    es daexmareba maT gaiazron, Tu ra gavlena moaxdina warsulma

    awmyoze da rogor ganviTarda is adgili, sadac axla isini

    cxovroben. istoria daexmareba axalmosulebs ukeT Caswvdnen

    inglisis kulturas, institutebs da istorias.“ Tanamedrove

    kurikulumTa damxmare saSualeba „uCvenebs maswavleblebs,

    Tu rogor SuZliaT maT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gardaqmnan

    erovnuli sakurikulumo programebi da Seusabamon isini mo-

    swavleTa gamowvevebs ToToeul etapze.2“ QCA-s saitze am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mravladaa mocemuli direqtivebi da

    aqtivobebis nimuSebi.3

    evroklios modelis mixedviT, saskoli istoriis mizans

    1 QCA-s saiti iZleva saintereso SeTavazebebs termin inkluziasTan da-kavSirebiT.http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7277.aspx.

    2 ixileT: http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7341.aspx.3 xelmisawvdomia bmulze http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7964.aspx.

    istorikosi N1 2011

  • 53

    unda warmoadgendes yovelmxrivi inlkuziuroba, SekavSireba,

    gaazreba im maxasiaTeblebisa, rac ganasxvavebs sxvadasxva sqe-

    sis da asakis adamianebs, eTnikur, lingvistur da religiur

    jgufebs, mdidarsa da Raribs, qalaqis Tu soflis mosaxleobas,

    gansxvavebuli azris mqone sazogadoebebs.1 yovlismomcvelo-

    bis amgvari interpretacia tradiciul midgomaze Sors midis,

    radgan moicavs ara mxolod eTnikur da religiur, aramed

    asakobriv, sqesobrv jgufebs da Sexedulebebs. evroklios ram-

    denime proeqti albaneTSi, bosnia-hercogovinaSi, xorvatiaSi,

    bulgareTSi, estoneTSi, latviaSi, makedoniaSi, ruseTSi, ser-

    beTsa da ukrainaSi swored am sakiTxebs mieZRvna.2

    umciresobis warmomadgenelTa Sesaxeb saskolo savarjiSoe-

    bisTvis kargi wyaros moZieba namdvilad problemuria. moviyvan

    erT magaliTs: proeqtis istoriisa da moqalaqeobrivi gana-

    Tlebis xelSewyoba rumineTSi menejmentma sTxova eqsperts

    iad vaSemids (israeli), stimuli mieca proeqtis wevrTaTvis,

    rom maT saxelmZRvaneloSi warmoedginaT ruminul/ebrauli

    istoriuli wyaroebi. damswre sazogadoebas Zalian daswyda

    guli, rodesac eqspertma mxolod polonuri masalebi moitana.

    TviT am kargad aRWurvili ebrauli resurscentrisaTvisac ki

    ar aRmoCnda advili sasurveli masalebis moZieba.

    zemoTaRniSnuli problemis gamo, ukrainul saxelmZvanelo-

    Si ukraina 1901–1938 wlebSi, individis TvaliT danaxuli

    periodi TiTqmis ar moixsenieba im drois ukrainis mraval-

    ricxovani ebrauli mosaxleobis istoria.3 igive SeiZleba

    iTqvas boSebze, romlebic centraluri Tu aRmosavleT ev-

    1 magaliTad, evroklios rusuli warmomadgenlbis publikacia Mosaic of Cultures (2005) , ixileT bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/projects-mainmenu-125/past-projects-mainmenu-47/national-mainmenu-241/cat_view/61-na-tional/150-2002-2005-russia-mosaic/170-educational-materials

    2 estoneTSi, latviaSi, makedoniasa da ruseTSi proeqtebis meore wye-

    bis gansakuTrebuli kvlevis sagani gaxda termini inkluzia, igive SeiZle-

    ba iTqvas evroklios proeqtze bulgareTSi Dialogues, a Cultural Rainbow for the Future.

    3 ixileT bmuli: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,241/gid,173/task,cat_view/

  • 54

    ropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi cxovroben. es xalxi TiTqmis

    arc erT istoriul saxelmZRvaneloSi Tu publikaciaSi araa

    moxseniebuli. gamonakliss warmoadgens evroklios maswavle-

    belTa resursebis wigni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis cvlileba da

    uwyvetoba albaneTSi, bulgareTsa da makedoniaSi 1945-2000.1

    TiToeul monawile qveyanas davalebuli hqonda warmoedgi-

    na sakuTari samSoblos eTnikur jgufTa warmomadgenlobebi.

    es Zalian faqizi sakiTxi iyo da mTavrobebs, gansakuTrebiT,

    bulgareTisa, gauWirdaT konkretuli jgufisaTvis umcireso-

    bis statusi mieniWebina. magram, sabolood, garda makedoniuri

    dasaxlebisa bulgareTSi, yvela warmomadgenlobam ipova saku-

    Tari adgili.

    inkluziuri istoriuli ganaTleba gulisxmobs, imas, rom

    erovnul doneze, evropasa Tu mis gareT, aucilebeli piro-

    ba iyos multiperspeqtiuloba da mravalgvari narativi. es

    midgoma mimarTulia imisaken, rom axalgazrdebma Seiswavlon

    da gaiazron warsulis safuZvlebi; is gvTavazobs ufro ax-

    los gavecnoT sxvadasxva, erTmaneTs dapirispirebul mxareebs,

    gan sxvavebul rekonstruqciebs da alternatiul interpreta-

    ciebs; igi exeba im daskvnebs, romlebic momavlisTvis unda

    gamovitanoT Sesabamisi warsuli gamocdilebidan. cxadia, Cven

    erTsa da imave warsul movlenaze SegviZlia gansxvavebuli

    xedvebi CamovayaliboT.2 swored aq Semodis sityva „kompleq-

    suroba“, radganac warsulis aRqma rTuli xdeba da efuZneba

    mravalgzis narativs da interpretaciebs. Sesabamisad, isto-

    riis swavleba Tavidan ver aicilebs paeqrobas da wyenas. am

    yvelafers frTxilad da gabedulad unda mivudgeT, ar unda

    uarvyoT an ugulvebelvyoT konkretuli faqtebi.

    evropuli da ara mxolod evropuli gamocdileba cxadad

    aCvenebs, Tu ramdenad rTulia es Temebi politikosebisa da

    1 damatebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/in-dex.php/Publications/Teaching-Materials/

    2 evroklios meTodologiis Sesaxeb meti informacia SegiZliaT moi-

    Zio


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