Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nuclearevirgilio.mib.infn.it/~capire/TesiFilweb.pdf · 2005-01-19 ·...
33
Transcript of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nuclearevirgilio.mib.infn.it/~capire/TesiFilweb.pdf · 2005-01-19 ·...
��� � �����
� ������������������ �� � �"! #$&%'$ (*),+.-0/1+.20+43650+87:90-0;�+43&-=<?>A@�-�B,3C%D%E%E%D%E%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E% G
$&%'$&%'$ H�IA/�+4@�-0;J< %E%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E% K$&%'$&%ML (N<O),<O>P@�BQ)R+8/J<?)Q<?BRBQ@1)R+4STBQ+4/�+850@�U&V4+�WX(ZY[%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E% \$&%'$&%]G ^�@�B,B,90)Q<"50@�V�S,@1UO-=<OV4@_%D%E%E%D%E%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E% `
$&%ML ab@�S,/1)R+4;�+43&-0@c5d@1+�20)R3OBQ3OB,+420+�%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E% ef g ��hJ����� �i�Lj%'$ k8lnm�o�pq%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%E%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E%r$O$
Lj%'$&%'$ sutwvx@b7�<OS,/�+43y50+�@1V.@�BRBQ),3O-0+z%D%E%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E%r$�LLj%'$&%ML {j/1+.-|BQ+4V.V}<?B,3&),@~@EY�<OV43O),+4>P@�B,),3�%E%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E%r$�\Lj%'$&%]G {j+4STBQ@�>�<"50+��090S,S,<OU&U&+.3P5d@1V�U|<OS�%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E%r$J�Lj%'$&%�K ��/���9d+4S,+.;1+.3&-0@�%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E%r$�`
Lj%ML �~-=<OV4+.S,+ 5=<?BQ+_%D%E%E%E%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E%r$JeLj%MLj%'$ (*),3O�=V.3y50@1V87�<OSR/1+.3 %E%D%E%E%D%E%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E%r$JeLj%MLj%ML ��-=<?V4+4SR+�>A<OU&U&+.3yLO�&�OGy@F>A<O),;�3PLO�&�OK�%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E%�L?GLj%MLj%]G ��-=<?V4+4SR+�3OBRBQ3&�d),@DLO�&�OK %E%E%D%E%D%F%E%D%E%E%D%E%D%E%E%D%F%E%�LO\
!D����|����hJ�:� �� fi�
+
+.+
����������� � ������� �
^�@bY�<O>A@�),@�< (*+}<O-0+�Ww@1SR+4SRB,+.¡�+�¢�WX(ZY¤£¥S,3&-d3 ),+'¡&@1V4<?BQ3O),+=50+�2=<O)TBQ+4/�@1V.V4@w50+4)R@�BRB¦<O>P@1-|BQ@+.3&-0+.;1;J<?-�B,+8SRB,9050+4<?BQ+82�@1)X<O2d20V4+./J<O;�+43&-0+�+4-§�=SR+4/1<y5d@1V4V.@F<OV.B,@c@1-0@�),U&+.@O%¨ >P3OBQ+'¡�+�/¦©d@ U&+49dSRBQ+'�=/J<?-03�V�ª]+.-�B,@1)R@1S,SR@ >P3&SRB,)Q<?B,3A2�@1)b��90@�SRB,3 BQ+42�3P50+N)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3?«
)R@ASR3&-03�V4<¬2�3&SRS,+4�d+4V4+'B?< 50+®/�3&SRB,),90+.),@ WX(ZY¯50+ZU&)Q<?-050+®50+4>P@1-dS,+43O-0+®<°�=<?S,S,3°/13&STBQ30±@n¡&@�-�B,9=<OV.>A@�-�B,@c<O-0/¦©d@b+4-A20),3�5090;�+43&-0@~+4-05d90SRB,),+}<?V4@O±�V4<D�0903O-=<6),+.S,3&V.90;1+.3&-0@wS,20<O;1+4<OV4@@DV}<P)Q<O20+.5=<y),+4SR2 3OSRB¦<PBQ@1>P2�3&)Q<OV.@O%X²b90@�SRBQ@6S,3&-03�V4@E20),+.-0/1+.2=<OV4+�/1<O)Q<³B,BQ@�),+.SRBQ+./¦©0@6/¦©d@7�<?-0-03"50@�U&V4+�W~(ZY´90-µ3OB,B,+4>P36/J<?-050+450<?BQ3"2�@1)¤<?2020V4+./J<O;�+43&-d+ /�3&-µ^�+4-0@1<O)wYu3&V.V4+45d@1)u@+.-µ/J<OV.3&),+.>A@nBQ),+4<6<O5d),3&-0+./J< 50+.U&+.BQ<OV4@?%t�9dB,BQ<J¡j+4<�20)R3&�0V4@�>A+*)R@1V4<?BQ+'¡j+Z<OV.V}<§SRBQ<O�0+.V4+.B³<¬SR90VZV490-0UO3�2�@1),+.3j5d3°50+¥<O>P20+®),+'¡&@n«
V4<?BQ3O),+®/13&-�@1V4@nB,B,),3�50+®+4-��=<?/¦©0@1V.+.BQ@P©=<O-d-03CS,20+.-|BQ3C<OV.V43µSRB,9050+.3�@§<OV.V43µSR¡�+4V.90202�3�50+WX(ZY[/13&-�@1V4@nB,B,),3�50+=+4-P¡&@�B,),30¶j��90@1STBQ3 >A<?BQ@�),+4<OV4@?±|+4-d7�<?BRBQ+�±|-03&-�©0<6�0+4SR3&U&-03E50+iBQ),<?BR«BQ<O>P@1-|BQ+¥2 @�) @1V.+4>P+4-=<O)R@P<OS,2�@1)R+.B?<°S,902�@1)T�=/1+4<OV4+�±N©=<�)R@1S,+.SRB,+.¡�+.B³<¬¡&3OV490>P@�B,),+4/1<�3&>P3?«UO@1-0@1<z@§/�3&SRBQ<O-|BQ@§-0@�VuBQ@�>A2�3C@15·@ SR@1>P20V4+./1@ 5=<�V4<J¡&3&),<O),@?%�²b90@�SRBQ3z-�903�¡&3zBQ+.2 35d+�),+'¡&@1V4<?BQ3O),@�@y<?-0/13&),< +4-�7�<OSR@"50+NSTBQ905d+430¶�+.VNS,9d3¬/�3&>P2 3&)TB¦<O>P@1-|B,3 -03&-x@"<O-d/13&),<STB¦<?B,3�50@�V�BQ9dBRBQ3P/J<O),<?B,B,@1),+.;1;1<?BQ3P@15�@E+4-¬/13O),S,3AV¸ª�3OB,B,+4>P+4;�;J<O;�+43&-0@[email protected]@F20)R@1SRBQ<O;1+.3&-0+@F50@�V4V�ªM<?IP5=<?�0+4V.+.B?<j%²b90@�SRBQ3[@§+4V�20<O-03&),<O>�<�-d@1V¤��9=<OV.@¬+.Vu20)R3&U&@nB,BQ3�Y�<&(*+}Ww@O±®/�3&V4V4<O� 3O)Q<O;�+43&-0@PBQ),<
V�ªM¹X-0+.¡O@1)RS,+.B³<�50+wº°+.V}<O-d3Csu+4/�3j/�/J<�@µV¸ª ¨ SRB,+.B,9dBQ3C»~<O;1+.3&-=<OV.@�50+wv�+4S,+./J<�»X90/1V.@J<O)R@O±®S,+2�3&-0@?%¯¼FV.+~3&�d+4@�BRBQ+'¡j+X50@�VbV}<J¡&3O),3�SR3&-03xV}<�/1<O)Q<³B,BQ@�),+.;1;J<?;1+43O-0@�50@�V4V4<�),+.S,2�3&SRBQ<�50@1+)R+.¡O@1V}<³BQ3&)R+|+4-D7:9d-0;1+.3&-0@Z50@1V��=90SRS,3b50+�2=<O)TBQ+./[email protected]@?±³5d@1V�>A+.S,/1@�V}<¤50+�U|<OS�@u50@�V4V4<¤B,@1-0SR+43&-d@<?2020V4+./J<?BQ<d% ¨ B,@1STB�S,+�SR¡O3&V4UO3&-036/�3&- ),<OU&U&+i/13OS,>P+4/1+�<O+�V}<?� 3&),<?BQ3O),+050@�V4V�ªM¹X-0+.¡O@1),SR+.B³<D50+º¬+4V}<?-03�s¥+4/13�/1/1<~@¥/13&- 9d-67�<OS,/�+43~50+j@�V4@nB,BQ)R3&-0+�<O+j^�<O� 3O)Q<?B,3&),+�»~<O;1+.3&-=<OV.+|50+dv=),<OS,/1<?BQ+¢�^�»�v*£½%¨ -z��90@1STBQ3µV}<J¡O3&),3§V�ªM<?BRBQ@�-0;1+.3&-0@6SR+�@67:3�/J<OV.+4;�;J<?BQ<AS,9dV4V}<A50@�B,@1),>P+4-0<O;1+.3&-0@65d+N2=<³«
)R@1>P@�B,),+�/1),+'BQ+./1+i��9=<OV4+�+4Vi�=90SRS,3"50+ 2=<O)TBQ+4/�@1V.V4@w+4-0/�+450@�-|BQ+�@bV}<EV}<O)RU&©0@1;�;J<65d@1V 7�<?S,/1+.3 50+@�V4@nB,BQ)R3&-0+�<?+�^�»~vu%
$
»[email protected]}<�20)R+4>A<�2=<O)TBQ@§50@�V4V¸ª�@1V4<O��3&)Q<?B,3�S,<O)³<C50@�S,/1)R+.BRBQ3z+4V¥20),+.-0/1+.20+43�5d+�7:90-0;1+.3&-=<³«>A@�-�B,3§50@1+*)R+.¡O@1V}<³BQ3&)R+¸±�/13&-z),+'7:@1)R+4>P@1-|BQ+�2=<O)TBQ+4/�3&V}<?),+�<O+N20)R3OBQ3?BQ+42d+N90S,<?BQ+�-d@1V�>A<O),;�3LO�&�OK0%N»~@�V4V}<~S,@1/�3&-05=<j±j503O2 3F90-=<c�0)R@�¡O@~+.V4V49dSRBQ),<O;1+.3&-0@¥[email protected]¸ª]<O202=<O),<?BQ3cSR2 @�),+.>A@�-�BQ<OV4@<OV4V.@1SRB,+.B,3y<O+�^�»�vu±iS,+�)R+4/J<J¡O@1)Q<?-0-03�+�)R+4S,9dV.B¦<³BQ+��=-0<OV4+�¾¥SR+�¡?<OV.9dBQ@�)Q<O-d-03A+.-°20<O)RB,+4/13OV}<O)>A3�503 +.V��=9dS,S,3¬50+�2=<O)RB,+4/�@1V4V.@6+.-0/1+.50@1-|BQ+�±�2=<?)Q<O>P@�B,),3§/¦©0@"SR+¤@"),+'¡&@1V4<?BQ3�/1),+'BQ+./13 509�«)Q<O-|BQ@~V¸ª]<O-=<OV.+4SR+=50+ 50<?BQ+ <O/1��90+.S,+'BQ+�-0@1V�>�<?U&U&+43E50@�V8LO�O�&Gd±�@�V}<ES,@�;1+43O-0@�BQ),<OSR¡O@1)RSQ< 50@�V7�<OS,/�+430%
L
¿ À�Á ������Â�� Ã
Ä Å ¿
ÆyÇ�Æ ÈÊÉ®ËJÌCÍ~Ë1ÎCË1Ï ÐCËÒÑ|ÓCÌ�Ô~Ë1ÏPÌ�Õ Ö ×cÌ ØNÏ
¼cV4+0W~(ZYÙ¢�WX@�S,+.SRBQ+'¡&@X(*V}<?B,@~Yu©=<O> ��@1)RS¦£�S,3&-d3D)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3&),+d50+=2=<O)TBQ+4/�@1V.V4@¤<FU|<OS�±�/�3&SRB,+'«B,90+.B,+�5=<~509d@�@1V.@�B,B,),3�50+�20+}<?-0+�2=<O)Q<?V4V4@�V4+&)R@1SR+4SRB,+.¡�+�50+4STB¦<O-d;1+}<³BQ+¸±�V4<~/19d+j+.-�B,@1)R/J<O2�@150+.-0@�@)R+4@�>A20+'B¦<�/�3&-y90-=<c>P+4S,/�@1V4<�50+0U|<?S1%��~U&V4+j@1V4@nB,B,),3�50+j¡�+4@�-0@X<O2020V.+4/1<?B¦<�9d-=<c50+.Ú @1)R@1-0;1<5d+�2 3?BQ@1-d;1+}<?V4@O±�/¦©d@PUO@1-0@�)Q<§90-q/J<O>P2 3§@�V4@nB,BQ)R+4/�3§90-0+.7:3O),>P@ +4V���90<OV4@?±�S,@yS,9dIP/�+4@1-�«B,@1>P@1-|BQ@E+4-|B,@1-0SR3�¢:[email protected]¸ª�3&),50+.-0@c50+�\O�6Û0ÜuÝ?Þn߬£½±=2 @�),>P@�B,B,@F50+�<O/1/�@1V.@1)Q<?),@EV4@F/J<O)R+4/¦©0@2d),3�503OB,B,@w5=<OVi2=<OSRSQ<OU&UO+43F50+i90-=<F2=<O)TBQ+4/�@1V.V}<b/¦©0@~+43&-0+.;1;1<FV.3j/1<OV4>P@1-|B,@�+4V=U|<?S1¶�S,+=BQ),<?BR«BQ<�BQ+.20+4/1<O>A@�-|BQ@65d+�90-CU|<OS�-03&�0+.V4@6/�3&>P@ V¸ª���)RU&3&-8%E^�@"/J<O)R+4/¦©0@D¡&@1-dU&3&-03µS,2�3&STB¦<?B,@50<OV8/J<?>A2�3"/13&-§¡O@1V43�/1+'B?< 20)R3&2�3&),;�+43&-=<?V4@~<OV82�3OBQ@�-0;1+4<OV4@b@F<?V4V¸ª�+4-|¡O@1),SR3"[email protected]}<6>A<OSRSQ<d¶SR@cV¸ª�@1V.@�B,B,),3&-d@c<O/1��90+.SRBQ<"<O�0�=<OSTB¦<O-d;J<"@1-0@�),U&+4<§@c+4-§U&),<O503 5d+8+43&-d+4;1;1<O),@�<"S,9=< ¡&3OV.B¦<<?V.BQ)R+�<³BQ3&>P+¸±�U&@�-0@1),<O-0503y/13OSà á8-�903�¡&@F/�3&2020+.@b+43&-d@n«â@�V4@nB,BQ)R3&-0@?% ¨ V�20)R3j/�@1SRS,3y2 3O)RB¦<"<?59d-=<P5d+4-=<O>P+4/1<6S,20<O;1+4<OV4@c50@�V�-�90>A@�),3y50+�@�V4@�BRBQ)R3&-0+820)R3j5d3OB,B,+8/¦©0@ES,@1UO90@DV4< V4@�U&U&@O¾
ã ¢åä £¥æ ãDç½èJéJê ¢T$O%.$�£5d3�¡O@ äÒ@6V}<P/13�3&),5d+4-=<?BQ<A50+�2 3OS,+4;�+43&-d@D+.-�50+4)R@1;�+43&-0@D50@1V�/J<O>P2�3�@1V.@�BRBQ),+./130± ãDç @6+4V-�90>P@1)R3D5d+=@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0+i<cäµæë�E@Xìx@w+4V0/�3j@nIA/�+4@�-�B,@~5d+wí�î³ïNð�lnñ�ò /¦©0@�50+.2 @�-050@w5=<OV.V}<5d@1-0SR+.B?<¬50@1VZU|<OSE@�50<OV®/J<O>P2 3°@1V.@�B,B,),+./130%µYu3O-0S,@�U&90@1-d;J<�50+®��90@1STB¦<�@n¡&3&V.90;1+.3&-0@A<¡?<OV4<O-0U|<§@F/¦©0@FBQ),<y+�2d+}<O-0+�SR+�20),3�5090/�@D9d-=<PSR/1+.-�B,+4V.V}<6/¦©0@?±iS,@D<O�0�=<OSTB¦<O-d;J<y+4-|BQ@�-0SQ<d±V.+�/13O)RBQ3�/1+.),/�90+.BQ<d¶u+.-���90@�SRBQ<�/13O-050+4;�+43&-d@¬SR+F@µ+4-x),@�U&+4>P@§50+�ðnm�ó¦l,ôOõ�lnó½%xt�9dB,BQ<�¡�+4<V4<"/J<O509jB¦<y50+�2 3?BQ@1-d;1+}<?V4@c/13O+4-|¡&3&V.U&@cS,3OV43y90-=<P;13&-=<yV4+.>A+'B¦<?BQ<d±�2 3O+4/¦©¥ö@FU&V.+�@1V.@�BRBQ),3�50+SR3&-03§)R@1S,+.SRB,+.¡�+¸¶8+.V�)R@1STBQ3µ50@1+�20+}<?-0+�-d3&-�@ 5090-0��90@"+.-d�=90@�-0;J<³BQ3§5=<OV.V}<PS,/J<?),+4/1<d%E(�@�)
G
SR7:),9jB,B¦<?),@�+.V=¡O<?-�BQ<OU&U&+.3D5d@1V4V4<EV.3j/1<OV4+.;1;1<O;1+.3&-0@¤50@�V /�),3&V.V43F50+�2 3OB,@1-0;�+}<OV.@D@~-0@1/�@1SRSQ<O)R+43/¦©0@E<O-0/¦©0@EV43�ðnm�óQl,ôOõ�lnó S,+4< V43�/J<OV.+4;1;1<?BQ3d±j3�¡�¡&@�),3�-d3&-µS,+�20)R3&2=<OU&©d+�+4-§50+.),@1;�+43&-d+850+'«¡&@1)RS,@"5=<A��9d@1V4V4<A50@�VN/1<O>A2�30¶ 2 @�)�3OBRBQ@1-d@1),@6/1+T3�+4V�U|<OS6@ /13&STBQ+'BQ90+'BQ3P2 @�)b90-=<�/�@1)TB¦<2 @�),/1@�-|BQ9=<OV.@µ5=<q9d-ÒU|<?S"50+¤S,2�@1U&-d+4>P@1-|BQ3q2 @�)"U&V4+u@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0+c¢,÷1o=lnñ�ø¦ù=lnó&£½±ZB,+420+./J<³«>A@�-�B,@Fv=),@13O-8±0/¦©0@EU&)Q<?;1+4@b<OV4V4<6S,9=<y<OV'B¦<"<?IP-0+'B?< @�V4@�BRBQ)R3&-0+4/1< /J<?BRBQ90),<"U&V4+ @1V4@nB,B,),3&-0+V4@1-|B,+¸±d+.>A2�@15d@1-0503yV�ªM<O9d>A@�-�B,[email protected]@b50+.>A@�-0S,+.3&-0+�B,)Q<OST¡&@�),SQ<?V4+�50@�V4V43�ðnm�óQl,ôOõ�lnó½%^�3z+43O-0@ 2�3&S,+'BQ+.¡O3C@§V¸ª�@1V.@�B,B,),3&-d@ 20),3�503OBRBQ+¥5=<OV4V4<�+43O-0+4;�;J<O;�+43&-0@?±*S,3OBRBQ3zV¸ª]<O;�+43&-0@
50@1V®/J<?>A2�30±�S,+ZS,2�3&SRBQ<O-03°+4-q50+4)R@1;1+.3&-0+�3O202 3OSRBQ@P¡&@�),S,3�U&V4+�@�V4@nB,BQ)R3j5d+¸¶���9d@1SRB,@ /J<?),+'«/¦©0@µS,3&-03qU&@�-0@1),<?BQ3&)R+¤50+¤90-�/J<O>P2�3C/¦©0@¬¡?<z<zS,3&>P>�<?),S,+u<q��90@�V4V.3CU&+T<�20)R@1SR@1-|BQ@+4-050@�� 3OV4@1-d503&V43d¶j<?V V.+4>P+.BQ@¤+.V /1<O>P2 36B,3OB¦<?V4@D@b2=<O)R+�<6;�@1)R30%®H*>A20+.),+./J<O>P@1-|BQ@X��90@1STB¦</13&-05d+4;1+.3&-0@bSR+�3OB,B,+4@�-0@b��9=<O-05d3�ì�äµú�LO�d¶dU&V4+ +43&-0+ @cU&V4+ @1V.@�B,B,),3&-d+�<OV4V�ª]+.-|BQ@1)R-03 50@�V4V4<¡O<?V}<O-0U&<E2�3&S,SR3&-03y<OV.V43&),<c),+4/�3&> �0+.-=<O)RS,+i@1>P@�BRBQ@1-d503 90- 7:3OB,3&-0@~+4S,3?BQ),3O20+4/1<O>A@�-|BQ@XS,9BQ9dBRBQ3µV¸ª]<O-0U&3OV43§S,3OV4+45d30¶�S,@P��9d@1SRB,3°7:3OB,3&-0@µ@P<O�0�=<?SRB¦<?-0;J<µ@1-0@�),U&@nBQ+./13¬/Oª.@AV4< 2 3&SRS,+û«�0+4V.+.B?<D50+�+4-0-d@1S,/1<O),@?±i2 @�)w7:3?BQ3&+.3&-0+4;�;J<O;�+43&-d@O±d9d-=<y¡?<OV4<O-0U|< SR@1/�3&-05=<O)R+}<d¶i2�@1)w@�¡�+'B¦<O)R@��9d@1SRB,3D>P@1/�/J<O-d+4S,>P3cS,+=)R+4/�3&),)R@w<OV4V�ª]9dB,+4V.+4;1;�3~5d+090-A<OV.B,),3bU|<?S1¾NV�ª ¨ SR3&�09dBQ<O-030±|3FSR+4>P+4V4+�¶��9d@1SRBQ<D>P3&V4@�/13&V4<"@w+4-PU&)Q<O5d3E5d+ <?S,S,3O),�0+.),@¤7:3OBQ3O-0+=90V.B,)Q<J¡�+43&V.@�BRBQ+d@w)R+4@1>P@�BRBQ@�),V4+d>A@�-03@1-0@�),U&@nBQ+4/�+¸±0+.-0/J<?2=<O/1+���9d+4-050+�5d+�+43&-0+.;1;1<O),@?%
ü¥ýTü¥ýTü þ¬ÿ����������ab@��=-0+4<O>P3 V¸ª�@�IP/1+.@1-0;1<P5d+�),+.¡O@1V4<O;1+.3&-0@O¾
� æ ã� ����ã������ ¢à$&% LO£503�¡&@ ã� ���� @w+4Vj-�9d>A@�),3E50+0@�¡O@1-|BQ+�>P+4S,9d)Q<?B,+d@ ã������ +4Vd-�9d>A@�),3F50+=@�¡O@1-|BQ+=�=SR+4/�+0BQ3OBQ<OV4+@D<?-=<OV4+.;1;�+}<O>P36V4< S,9=<y50+42�@1-d50@1-0;1<P50<OV4V.@bU&)Q<?-050@1;�;1@E+4-µU&+.3j/�30%Yu3O-0S,+.50@1)R+}<O>P3µ90-=<µ/[email protected]}< @�V4@1>P@1-|BQ<O),@y50+®S,9d2 @�)R�=/�+4@�� /¦©0@�<O5�3OU&-0+�@n¡&@1-|B,3x@
/13&>P20V4@nB¦<O>P@1-|B,@XSR/J<O)R+4/1<?B¦<F@~SR+}<�����+.V0BQ@�>A2�36/¦©0@~+4>P20+4@�U|<b+4V=2�3OB,@1-0;�+}<OV.@~<FBQ3&)R-=<O)R@S,3&20),<690- ¡?<OV.3&),@X50+�S,3&U&V.+}<F/¦©0@b2�@1)R>A@nB,B¦<D50+8<J¡&@�),@b9d-03Aðnm�ó¦l,ôOõ�lnó½%Z{j@~S,+ +450@�-�B,+.�=/1</13&- ã�� +4V8-�90>P@1)R3y50+�2=<O)TBQ+4/�@1V.V4@b-03O-¬)R+.¡O@1V}<³BQ@cS,+�3?B,BQ+.@1-0@?¾
� æ $! ã��ã������ ¢à$&%MG&£
+4-03&V'BQ)R@ã�� æ#" �����%$ � ¢à$&%]K|£
K
5d3�¡O@ $ �Fæ&�'� ã� ���� @(" ����� @6+4VZó,ôOmâly50@�U&V4+�@�¡O@1-|BQ+�B,3OB¦<OV.+�SR90V4V4<�S,9d2 @�)R�=/�+4@)��%�*Z<OV4@��90+.-050+�¾
� æ $+ " ����� ��� ã� ����ã������
æ $+ � �'�," ����� ¢T$O% \&£50<P/�90+�S,@�U&90@F/¦©0@O¾ � æ $
$.-/" ����� ���10 ¢T$O%M�|£¨ V®óRôOmâl2" ����� S,+�209�3ASR/1),+'¡&@�),@6/�3&>P@E2d),3�503OB,B,3PB,)Q<y+4V��090S,SR343ë@EV¸ª]<O),@1<y/�3&-0SR+450@�)Q<?BQ<��%ëYu3&-d/1V49d50@1-05d30±¤S,@°S,+wBQ+4@�-0@¬/13&-|BQ3�/¦©0@�V¸ª�@�IP/�+4@1-d;J<�5d@1VX),+.¡O@1V4<?BQ3&)R@µ>A@�-�B,),@°+4V2�3OB,@1-0;�+}<OV.@y@cS,3&20),<OS,3OU&V4+4<§@ �65 ±i<OV4V.3&)Q<DV¸ª�@1S,2d),@1SRS,+.3&-0@F2 @�) � 50+'¡&@1-|BQ<d¾
� æ �65$7- �65 �.�'��3 ¢T$O% `&£
�XIA-d/¦©uö@§+4V®),+'¡&@�V}<?B,3&),@PS,+4<°@�IP/�+4@1-|B,@z@�-0@�/1@1SRSQ<O)R+43�/¦©d@ +4V*�=90SRS,3z50+Z2=<O)TBQ+4/�@1V.V4@SR+}<y>A3OV.BQ3y>P+4-03O),@F50+98:<;>= %X²b90@�SRBQ3�@D90-°V4+.>A+'BQ@b/¦©0@D-03&-°S,+�209�3�+.U&-03&),<O),@?¶�@D2�@1)�32�3&SRS,+4�d+4V4@A3OB,B,+4>P+4;�;J<O)R@�+4V¥),+'¡&@1V4<?BQ3O),@�+.- >A3�503C/¦©0@§+.V¥�=9dS,S,3qS,3OSRBQ@�-0+4�d+4V4@ <O90>P@1-|BQ+5d+4>P+4-�90@1-d503"+8¡?<OV43&)R+�50+���@?����%üZýTü¥ýA@ BCED1GFH�JIKDL����ED1MINIK��DL�POQI1������R?��S.TU�)VWBYX¨ 2=<O)Q<?>A@nBQ),+Z��@[��±O+.-EUO@1-0@�)Q<OV.@O±O5d+42�@1-0503O-03~50<OV4V.@*/J<O),<?B,B,@1),+.SRB,+4/¦©0@®50@�U&V4+|@�V4@�BRBQ)R3j50+|@50<OV4V.@�/13&-d50+4;�+43&-0+j50+=V}<J¡O3&),30%�Yu3&>P+4-0/�+}<O>P3�50@�S,/�),+.¡O@1-05d36+4-">P3�503F<O2020)R3O7:3&-05d+.BQ3���%¨ -")R@1U&+.>A@®50+�7:90-0;1+.3&-=<O>P@1-|B,3�V¸ª]WX(¥Yq©=<�90-"/�3&>A2�3&)TB¦<O>P@1-|BQ3~<O-=<?V43&U&3~<���90@�V4V43
5d+�90-°/�3&-050@�-0SQ<³BQ3&)R@O¶iV}< /1<O),+./J<"/¦©0@ES,+�<O/�/190> 9dV}<"S,+�SR/1),+'¡&@F/13O>A@?¾\ æ#]DÜ ç ¢T$O%Me|£
5d3�¡O@EÜ ç @bV4<D50+'Ú�@�),@�-0;J<"50+ 2 3OB,@1-0;�+}<OV.@�<?2020V4+./J<?BQ<DBQ),<6U&V.+ @�V4@�BRBQ)R3j50+�@?]�@�V}<D/1<O2=<³«/�+.B³<d%*(�@�)¤90-§/13O-050@1-dSQ<?B,3&),@F< 20+4<O-0+�2=<O),<OV4V.@1V4+i50+ S,902�@1)T�=/1+.@�^�±d/13O-§U&V4+�@1V.@�B,B,),3�50+ <9d-=<P5d+4SRBQ<O-0;1<)_D@E)R+4@�>A20+'BQ3"/�3&-µ50+4@�V4@�BRBQ)R+4/13"5d+�/13&STB¦<O-|BQ@ �6` ¡?<OV.@O¾
]�æ ^ �6`_�0 ¢T$O%ba|£^�<"50@�-0S,+'B?<yS,902�@1)T�=/1+4<OV4@c50+�/1<O),+./J<§@O¾
c æ \ ^ æ Ü ç �6`_ 0 ¢T$&%'$��|£\
{j@w/¦©0+}<O>P+}<?>A3�dcV}<b/J<?),+4/1<c/¦©0@X¡�+.@1-0@w-0@�9dBQ),<OV4+.;1;J<³B¦<b��9=<O-05d36S,+07:3O),>A<b90-=<FS,/J<?),+4/1<20),3�¡&3�/J<³B¦<65=<D90-=<62=<?)RBQ+./1@�V4V}<F/¦©0@F<?BRBQ),<�¡O@1)RSQ< +4Vi)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3&),@?±jV�ªM<?),@J<E+4-|BQ@�),@�S,SQ<³B¦< 5=<OV/1),3OV4V43650+�2 3?BQ@1-d;1+}<?V4@"@O¾ �Òæ dc æ de_�6` Ü ç ¢T$O%.$&$�£503�¡&@�+.-Ò��90@�SRB,3�/J<OSR3f_x@°V4<q5d+4SRBQ<O-0;1<zB,)Q<�+w20+4<O-0+¤50@�V4V�ªMWX(ZY�± �6` @¬V}<C/�3&SRBQ<O-|BQ@50+4@�V4@�BRBQ)R+4/J<b5d@1ViU|<OS®@�Ü ç @XV4<bBQ@1-dS,+43O-0@~5d+ <?V4+4>P@1-|BQ<O;1+.3&-0@O%�H*>P20+4)R+4/J<?>A@�-�B,@¤S,+i-03OBQ</¦©0@O±82�@1)~�=<OSRS,+N¡?<OV.3&),+�50@�V��=90SRS,3§50+�2=<O)TBQ+4/�@1V.V4@F+4-0/�+450@�-|BQ+¸±�V}<P/J<O)R+4/1<�dA5d+42�@1-050@65=<Ü ç /13&>P@°9d-=<�),@nB,BQ<�-03&-[2=<OS,S,<O-|BQ@°2 @�)�V¸ª�3&)R+4U&+.-0@O±~@°+.-|¡&@1/�@�/13OSRB¦<?-�B,@�2�@1)y�=90S,SR+S,902�@1)R+43&)R+i<D� 0 \g $�hji|Ý?ÞnßlkJ¶�+4-d3&V.B,),@¤+4-P��90@1STB¦<6/�3&-050+.;1+.3&-0@E@~2d+¦9y/13&)R),@�BRBQ3D90SQ<O)R@<OV®2 3&STBQ3°50+¥Ü ç 90-�2�3OBQ@�-0;1+4<OV4@y@�IP/1<O/1@ ÜLm�n,n&±�/¦©0@AB,@1-05d@ <OV®2�3OBQ@�-0;1+4<OV4@y50+ZS,3&UOV4+}<<?IP-0/¦©¥ö@ <J¡�¡&@�-0U|<�9d-03¬ðnm�óQl,ôOõ�lnón%¤{j@D-d@D50@�5090/�@6/¦©0@2�ë-03&-°50+42�@1-05d@E7:3&)TBQ@�>A@�-�B,@5=<OVd2�3OB,@1-0;�+}<OV.@�<O202dV4+4/1<?BQ3d¶&(�@�)ZW~(ZY�+4- ¡O@�BQ)R3poXî1ôOm�/13&>P>A@�),/�+}<OV.@Z9d-y¡?<OV.3&),@ZBQ+.20+4/�350+�� @F�Fߧßlk�±=+4-§)R@1U&+.>A@c50+�ðnm�óQl,ôOõ�lnó½%{�90202�3&-0+}<?>A3A2 @�)bS,@�>A20V.+4/�+.B?<P/¦©0@"S,9�B,9dB,BQ< V¸ª]<O),@1<l� +4V�2 3?BQ@1-d;1+}<?V4@65d3&2 3�90-=<
S,/J<?),+4/1<"S,+}<"-�90V.V430¶j@1S,SR3AB,3&),-=<y<OV.V}<6/�3&-d�=UO90)Q<O;�+43&-d@E+.-0+4;�+}<OV.@~SR@1U&9d@1-0503AV}< V.@1U&U&@?¾Ü�¢%qR£ZæÙÜ ç ¢à$! è �sr ; £ 0 ¢T$O%.$�LO£
^®ª�+4>P>A<OU&+4-d@�$&%'$°)R+42�3&)RBQ<CV43zS,/¦©0@�>�<q50@1Vw20)R3OBQ3?BQ+42�3z50+¤/1@�V4V4<z@�V4@�>A@�-�BQ<O),@¬50+¤SR9j«2 @�)R�=/�+4@C��% {�BQ9050+4<O>P3q+.V�/1+.),/�90+.B,3q@���90+.¡?<OV.@1-|BQ@µ+4-x�=U&9d)Q< $&%MLz2�@1)y),+./J<J¡?<O),@l��¶+4-050+./J<O-d5036)R+4S,2�@�BRBQ+'¡O<?>A@�-�B,@�/�3&-ut=±1v"@ �65 V4<D)R@1S,+.SRB,+.¡�+.B³<D50+�¡&3&V.90>A@?±dV.36S,2�@1SRS,3&)R@c@V}< /13OSRB¦<?-�B,@D5d+4@1V.@�BRBQ),+./J<65d@1U&V.+8@1V.@�B,B,),3�50+�¡?<OV.@F<OV4V.3&)Q<d¾
� æÙLetQv �w`+x �65Lyv - $_Lz|{ t �w`}�65 0 ¢T$O%.$�G&£Yu3O>A@~U&+T<D<O/1/�@1-0-=<³BQ3"V43yðnm�óQl,ôOõ�lnóF¡�+4@1-d@b20),3�503OBRBQ3 SR3&V43DS,@b+.V 2�3OB,@1-0;�+}<OV.@~SR90U&V4+
@1V4@nB,B,),3�50+Z@6S,9d2 @�),+43O),@D<O5�90-�/�@1)TBQ3 2�3OBQ@�-0;1+4<OV4@F50+�S,3OU&V4+4<�Ü � %bYu©0+4<O>P+}<O>P3"��90+4-05d+màlnõ�p=îµõ�î³ó½mâî³±�����±�+4VNB,@1>P2 3µ/¦©0@P+®20+}<O-d+�S,/1<O),+./¦©0+*+4>P20+4@�U|<O-03§2�@1)F),<OU&U&+.90-0U&@�),@"+4V2 3OB,@1-0;�+}<OV.@FÜ � ¾ ����æ~�wV4-8¢ Ü ç
Ü ç �Ü � £ 0 ¢T$O%.$JK|£¨ V=2 3OB,@1-0;�+}<OV.@wÜ � @w+4U&-03?BQ3F<F20),+.3&),+j@15P+4-yU&@1-d@1)Q<?V4@¤50+.2 @�-050@w5=<OV.V}<b��9=<OV.+.B?<b5d@1V=),+'¡&@½«V}<?B,3&),@?%�(�@�)�WX(ZYÒ+4-y¡&@nBQ),3�oXî1ôOm®/13O>A>P@1)R/1+}<?V4@�/�3&-�t úÊ$�� 8 k.�§Þnß @ �65 /�3&>P20),@�SQ<BQ)Q<�KC@ �d±®+4V®BQ@1>P2�3C>A3&)TBQ3��'�P/J<O),<?B,B,@1),+.SRB,+4/13�2 @�) /1+4<OS,/�90-=<C/1@�V4V}<°@1V4@�>A@�-|B¦<O)R@z@/1+4)R/J<§$FS,@�/O%
�
vN+4UO90)Q< $&%'$&¾Z{j@�;1+.3&-0@cBQ),<OSR¡O@1),S,<OV4@F50+�9d-�WX(ZY
üZýTü¥ý�� �(�JINI��D1�R?��T)ON��S.�GT��¹X-=<¤¡&3&V'B¦<wS,/J<³B,B¦<³B¦<wV}<¤S,/�+4-|BQ+.V4V}<u<OV4V�ª]+.-�B,@1)R-03¤50@1V�)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3&),@¤@®-0@�/1@�S,SQ<?),+43~)Q<O/�/13&UOV4+4@�),@+.VjSR@1U&-0<OV4@¥@�),@�U&+4STBQ)Q<?),V43d±?+.-6>P3j503�5=<b<O/�/190> 9dV}<O)R@uSRBQ<?BQ+.SRB,+4/J<X2 @�)�V¸ª]<O-=<?V4+4SR+|50@1+j5=<?B,+¸%^�<�/1<O),+./J<�SR90V4V4<~2�3&),;�+43&-0@¥50+d@�V4@nB,BQ)R3j5d3�+4-|B,@1),@�S,S,<?B¦<b5=<?V4V}<X/J<O5d9dB¦<�5d+d2�3OBQ@�-0;1+4<OV4@
+.-05090/�@u90-6S,@1UO-=<OV4@¥50+�/13&)R),@1-|B,@uS,9"5d@1V4V.@Z<O202�3&S,+'BQ@uSTBQ)R+4S,/�@u/�3&-0509dBRBQ)R+4/1+�50@nB,BQ@wðnm�ó��Mp=ðn±<?50+}<O/�@1-|BQ+�<?V4V}<DS,902�@1)T�=/1+.@E@�SRB,@1),-0<A50@�U&V4+�WX(ZY�%i^�<"B,)Q<OSR2=<O)R@1-0;1<P50@�U&V4+�@1V4@nB,B,),3�50+�<OVSR@1U&-0<OV4@D@wU|<O)Q<?-�B,+.BQ<F50<OV4V4<b),@1SR+4STBQ+.¡�+'B?<cS,+4<E50@�V=¡&@�B,),30±�S,+4<[email protected]}<c2 @�V4V.+4/13OV}<�/¦©0@~50+4STBQ)R+'«�d90+4SR/1@�V�ªM<?V.B¦<�B,@1-0SR+43&-d@O¶*+4-j7�<?B,B,+*S,@�-d3&-�7:3&SRS,@�),3�<?�0�=<OSTB¦<O-0;1<�),@�S,+.SRBQ+'¡�+¸±�SQ<O)R@1�0��@1)R3SR3&U&U&@nB,B,+�V43O),36STBQ@�S,S,+8<O5 +4-d5090;1+.3&-0@~@b-03&- 2�@1)R>A@nB,B,@1),@��0��@1),3y<?V�S,@�U&-=<OV.@�50+ 2=<OSRSQ<O)[email protected])R@O%¨ - �=UO90)Q<�$O%MGD¡�+.@1-0@~S,/¦©0@�>�<?B,+4;�;J<?BQ< V}<DSTBQ)R9dB,B,90)Q<65d@1V4V.@Fðnm�ó��Mp=ðn%®^�@�V43O),365d+4>P@1-j«
SR+43&-d+¥SR3&-03�¡?<O)R+}<O�0+.V4+�¶�+.-�U&@�-0@1),<OV4@P/13&2d),3&-03°BQ9dBRB¦<�V4<°V49d-0U&©0@�;1;J<°[email protected]¸ª�@1V4@nB,B,),3�503°@SR3&-03�V4<O),UO©0@A50<���9=<OV4/¦©d@ /1@�-�B,+4>P@�B,),3C<�2�3�/¦©0+¥>P+4V.V4+.>A@nBQ),+�% {�3&-03�50+.S,2�3&SRB,@ V¸ª�90-=<¡�+./1+4-d3�<OV.V¸ª]<OV.B,)Q<d±�/13&>P2=<?B,+4�0+.V4>P@1-|BQ@ /�3&-�7:@�-03&>P@1-0+®50+®+.-05090;�+43&-0@"B,)Q<µV43&)R3°STBQ@1SRS,@?±+.-�>P3j5d3�/¦©0@ -d3&-�¡�+¥SR+}<¬-0@1SRS,90-=<C;�3&-=<�+.-0S,@�-0S,+.�0+4V.@A<?V¥2=<?S,SQ<?U&U&+43°50+Z)Q<O50+4<O;1+.3&-0@+.3&-0+.;1;J<?-�B,@O%^*ª]<O/1��90+.S,+4;�+43&-d@�50@�V8S,@�U&-=<OV.@b<J¡�¡j+.@1-0@F<³B,BQ),<J¡&@1)RS,3y50@�V4V4@~S,/¦©0@�50@F@1V.@�B,B,),3&-d+4/¦©0@~50+'«
`
vN+4U&9d)Q<µ$&% L�¾wYu+4)R/190+'BQ3P/¦©0@ )Q<?2020),@�S,@�-�BQ< 90-CWX(ZYÙ20),3&-|B,3 2 @�)�)R+.¡&@�V}<O)R@D9d-�@�¡O@1-|BQ3+43&-0+.;1;1<O-|BQ@),@�BRB¦<O>P@1-|B,@c/13&V.V4@1U&<?BQ@c<?V4V4@Fðnm�ó��Mp=ðn%®ab90@cSR3&-03y+�B,+420+ 50+�V4@nB,BQ9d)Q< /¦©0@FS,3O-03y2 3&SRS,+.�0+4V.+¸¾��9d@1V4V4<�<O-0<OV43&UO+4/J<j±�+.-�/190+Z¡�+4@1-d@�+4-|B,@1U&),<?B¦<�V4<°/1<O),+./J<�+.-0503OBRB¦<°SR9�BQ9dBRBQ@ V.@ASTBQ)R+420S�±@6��[email protected]}<y50+4UO+.B¦<?V4@O±=5d3�¡O@ +4V�SR@1U&-0<OV4@D50+�/�3&),)R@1-|BQ@D¡j+.@1-0@EBQ),<OSR7:3&)R>�<³BQ3P+4-�9d-�S,@�U&-=<OV.@50+4U&+'B¦<OV.@b<OSRS,3�/1+4<?BQ3y<y/1+4<OS,/�90-=<"SRB,),+4SR/1+4<d%
ÆPÇ�� � ×��Í~É®Ë1Ô~Ë1ÏPÌ�× Ð�×cË[ÎCÉ*Ï"Ø�Ï"Ø*Ë1ÎCË{j+N50@�S,/�),+.¡O@1),<O-0-03¬3&)Q<A+N20)R3OBQ3OB,+420+�50+*WX(ZY 90SQ<?B,+�5090),<O-|BQ@"+.V¥ó½o�ñ�50+N>A<O)R;13µLO�O�OK@c��[email protected]"50+�3OBRBQ3&�0)R@ELO�&�OKd¶0V}< 50+'Ú�@�),@�-0;J< BQ),<"��9d@1SRB,@D5d90@FS,@1)R+4@y@c/¦©0@F+�20)R+4>P+ SR3&-03SRB¦<³BQ+8/�3&SRB,),90+'BQ+�+4-µ>P3j5d3y<O)RB,+4U&+4<O-=<OV.@O±�>A@�-|BQ),@F+�SR@1/13O-050+�+4-05d90SRB,),+}<?V4>P@1-|BQ@?%{�+8BQ)Q<³B,B¦<"50+�90-=<yS,@1)R+4@F50+83?B,BQ3y)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3&),+�¢:�=UO90)Q<µ$&%�K�£u50+820)R3j5d90;1+.3&-0@E<O)RB,+4U&+4<³«
-=<OV4@?¶®V4@ V.3&),3°50+4>P@1-0SR+43&-d+¥SR3&-03qLO�4��LO�CÞ½ßlk�¶¥U&V.+¥@�V4@nB,BQ)R3j5d+¥SR3&-03C+4-�¡O@�B,),3uowî1ôOm/13&>P>A@�),/�+}<OV.@�S,2�@1SRS,+�L�>A> @¬5d+4SRBQ<O-0;�+}<?B,+�/13&-�90-�20+4/�/13&V.3CS,2�@1SRS,3&)R@�20V4<OSRB,+4/13C5d+Lµ>P>�2�3&SRB,3�<?V*/1@1-|B,),3�5d@1V4V4<§/J<O>P@1),<d%�^*ª�+4-|BQ@�),/1<O2 @�50+4-d@°@y@1)R>A@nBQ+./J<O>P@1-|BQ@ySR+4U&+.V'«V}<?BQ<q509d)Q<O-|BQ@°V}<z7�<OS,@°50+w/13&STBQ),9d;1+43O-0@O±w��90+4-d50+wV4@¬/J<O>P@1)R@�S,3O-03�U&+à<q20)R@150+.S,2�3&SRB,@2 @�)w<O/1/�3&U&V4+.@1)R@b+8BQ90�d+82 @�)w+4V �090S,S,<OU&U&+.3P5d@1V4V4< >A+.S,/�@1V}< U&<OS,SR3&SQ<d%Z^*ª]<OV.BQ<6BQ@1-dS,+43O-0@P@50+4STBQ),+.�090+'B¦<"S,90UOV4+�@1V.@�B,B,),3�50+�5=<P90-=<A2�@1V.V4+./13&V4< 50+�U&)Q<?�dBQ@6)R@1SR+4SRB,+.¡?<y50@12�3&S,+'B¦<?BQ<P/�3&-BQ@1/�-0+4/¦©d@"S,@1)R+4U&),<?�=/¦©0@?% ^�@Aðnm�ó��Mp=ðPS,3&-03§V4<O),UO©0@ e§>P>r@"SR3&-03µ2�3&SRB,@ S,9z@1-|B,)Q<O> �d++NV}<³BQ+�50@1U&V.+NWX(ZY 3O)RBQ3OU&3&-=<OV.>A@�-|BQ@6V�ª]9d-=< <OV.V¸ª]<OV.B,)Q<d¶�90-C>A<?BQ@�),+}<?V4@D<OV.BQ<O>A@�-|BQ@6+.S,3?«
e
vN+4UO90)Q< $&%]Gd¾Z{j/¦©d@1>A<P@�S,20V.+4/J<³BQ+.¡O3"50@1V�7:90-d;1+43O-=<O>P@1-|BQ3"50@�V4V.@6ðnm�ó��Mp=ðV4<O-|BQ@EV4@FS,@�2=<O),<�5=<OU&V.+�@1V.@�B,B,),3�50+�<O5�<OV.BQ<yB,@1-0SR+43&-0@?%w^*ª]@�V4@�BRBQ)R3&-0+4/1<P5d+N<O/���90+4SR+4;1+.3&-0@@ySR+}< 50+.U&+.BQ<OV4@DS,+}<§<?-=<OV43OU&+4/1<�@15Ò@"50+4)R@�BRB¦<O>P@1-|BQ@"/�3&V4V.@1U|<³B¦< <OV.V4@"G&L¬ðnm�ó��Mp=ð�¢T$�� SR99d-�V}<?B,3�@A$���5=<OV.V¸ª]<OV.B,),3�£½%¤(*+Q9�+.-�2=<?)RBQ+./13&V4<O),@?¾u/�+}<OSR/190-=<°ðnm�ó��Mp[@6/13O-0-0@1SRSQ<µ<O5°90-5d+4S,/�),+.>A+.-=<?BQ3O),@P<�S,3OU&V4+4<d±N50+Z/13O-0S,@�U&90@1-d;J<C2 @�) 3&U&-d+¥@n¡&@1-|B,3qSR+u©=<�V4<°2�3&S,SR+4�0+.V4+'B?<5d+Z/�3&-03&SR/1@�),@ V.@A/�3j3&)R50+4-0<?BQ@y50@�V¥209d-�B,3�+4-q/19d+¥V4<¬2=<?)RBQ+./1@�V4V}<§©=<°<?B,B,)Q<J¡&@�),S,<?BQ3�UOV4+WX(ZY�¶&U&)R902020+j50+03OBRBQ3Dðnm�ó��Mp=ðXS,3&-03c/�3&V4V.@1U|<³BQ+�<O5"90-y+4-|B,@1U&),<?BQ3&)R@O±&+.- >P3j503�5=<b2 3?BQ@1)/�3&-03&SR/1@�),@EV}<"��9=<O-|BQ+'B?<"50+�/J<?),+4/1< +4-05d3OB,BQ<y2�@1)¤3OU&-0+�@�¡O@1-|BQ3A+43&-d+4;1;1<O-|BQ@?%
a
vN+.U&90)Q< $O%]K0¾ ¨ ),+'¡&@�V}<?B,3&),+83O),50+.-=<?BQ+ S,9¬90-¬S,90202�3&)TBQ3P>A@nB¦<OV.V4+4/�3
$��
¿ À�Á ������Â�� ������ ���
^�@c>P+4SR90),@c@nÚ�@nBQ9=<?B,@F<O+�^�<O��3&)Q<³BQ3&)R+8»�<?;1+43O-=<OV4+�50+�v=)Q<?S,/J<³BQ+8SR3&-03y90-§BQ@�SRBX50@1+�20),3?«B,3OBQ+.20+¸±=5d@1S,/�),+'B,BQ+�-0@�VN/J<?20+.B,3&V43y20)R@1/1@�50@1-|B,@O±�50@�50+4/1<?BQ3AS,3&20),<?B,B,9dB,B,3§<OV.V43ySRB,9050+43A50@1VBQ<OS,SR3 50+�@�¡O@1-|BQ+ S,3&STBQ@1-d+4�0+.V4@X+4-�5d+.¡&@�),SR@�/13O-050+4;�+43&-d+�5d+ V4<�¡O3&),3d%®¼F),<O;1+.@X<OV4V�ªM<O/�/1@�V4@1),<³«B,3&),@cV.+4-0@1<O),@�50@1+�^�»�v SR+�©=<A<"50+.S,2�3&S,+.;1+.3&-0@b90-µ7�<OSR/1+43"5d+�@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0+�V}< /19d+�50@1-0SR+.B³<2d9�3A@�S,SR@1),@F¡?<O),+4<?B¦< +.-µ90-�<?>A20+.3 +4-|B,@1)R¡?<OV.V430%¨ -°��9d@1SRB,3 /J<?20+.B,3&V43"20)R@1SR@1-|BQ+4<O>A3P90-03PSRB,9050+.3�<O/�/190),<?BQ3A50@1V8�090S,SR3 S,3&STBQ@�-0+4�0+.V4@
STBQ905d+}<O-05d3c20),@n¡O<?V4@1-|B,@1>P@1-|BQ@¤V4<�V}<O)RU&©0@�;1;J<b5d@1Vd7�<OSR/1+.30¶&SR7:)R9dB,BQ<O-0503F��90@�SRBQ+d),+4SR90V.BQ<?BQ+�±SR+�<O-=<OV.+4;1;�@1)�< V¸ª�@�IP/1+.@1-0;1<P+.-µ7:9d-0;1+.3&-0@[email protected]¸ª]<?Ú 3&V4V4<O>A@�-|BQ365d+�@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0+�SR+}<"50@�+�50<?BQ+<?/1��90+4SR+.B,+�-0@1V~LO�O�&Gd±®S,+4<z-d@1Vw>�<?),;13z50@�VXLO�&�OKd% ¨ -03&V.B,),@µS,+¤5d+4S,/�9dBQ@�)³<zV¸ª]<O-=<OV.+4SR+u50+3?B,BQ3O�0),@�LO�&�OKE@15A+4-A2=<O)RB,+4/�3&V}<O)N>A3�503E+4V=>P@�BQ3�503E/13&-A/190+�S,+�S,3O-03D¡?<OV.9dB¦<?B,+=+i20),3O�0V4+5d+87�<OS,/�+430%
�§Ç�Æ �Y��K�(�¨ VE�=-0@ 50@�V4V.@�>P+4S,9d),@�/�3&- 7�<OSR/1+43�@�50@�B,@1),>P+4-0<O),@�V¸ª�@�IP/1+.@1-0;1< 50+6)R+.¡&@�V}<O;�+43&-d@�+4-7:9d-0;1+.3&-0@F50@1V8�090S,SR3A50+�@�V4@nB,BQ)R3&-0+8+.-0/1+.50@1-|B,+¸%����90@1STBQ3ES,/�3&2 3FSR+�@w<OV4V.@1SRB,+.B,3b+4Við�lnm�o�pµS,/¦©d@1>A<?BQ+.;1;J<³BQ3F+4- �=UO90)Q<ELj%'$&¶�S,@�U&90@1-d503
9d-8ª]+.50@J<?V4@¥B,)Q<O+.@�BRBQ3&)R+}<w50+d90-"@�V4@nB,BQ)R3&-0@¥50@1SR/1),+'¡�+}<O>P3��0)R@�¡O@1>P@1-|BQ@w+d/�3&>P2 3&-d@1-|BQ+�50@1Vð�lnm�o�pz50+�>A<O),;�3PLO�&�OK0¾
� ¹~-03 SR/1+.-�B,+4V.V}<?B,3&),@c2�3&SRB,3§<�2�3j/¦©d+�/�@1-|BQ+.>A@nBQ),+�5=<?V4V}<"�=-0@[email protected]}<yV4+4-d@J<A5d+�B,)Q<³«SR7:@1)R+4>P@1-|BQ3P<OV.V¸ª�90S,/�+.BQ<650@1V�B,90� 3P< ¡�903OB,3�¢U�nl,ôOõg�4p��Mp=l�£½%
$O$
vN+4U&9d)Q<yLj%'$&¾Z{j/¦©0@�>�<y)Q<?2020),@�S,@�-�BQ<?BQ+'¡&3A50@1VNð�lnm�o�p
� ^�@c3OB,B,3"/J<O>P@1)R@cW~(ZY´5=< BQ@�SRB¦<?),@c50+.S,2�3&SRB,@cS,9µ50+890-µ�=<?-0/13y>P3&�0+4V.@b< /�+4),/1<$�\�Þ½ß 5=<OV.V43zS,/�+4-|BQ+.V4V}<³BQ3&)R@O±®/13&V.V4@�U|<?BQ@µ<?VXSR+4STBQ@1>A<z50+¤�=90S,S,<OU&U&+.3�5d@1VwU|<OSP@<OV4V�ª]@�V4@nB,BQ)R3&-0+./J<D5d+�<O/1��90+.S,+4;�+43&-d@O%
� ¹~-"/1<OV43&)R+4>P@�B,),30±³S,90V.V}<XV4+4-d@J<�50+�7�<OS,/�+430±&<O5"90-=<b50+.SRBQ<O-0;J<b5d+d90-y>P@�BQ)R3b50+.@�BQ)R3U&V4+dW~(ZYÒ/�3&-P+4V0/�3&>A2d+.BQ3c5d+=>A+.S,90),<O),@¤V4<b>A3&V'BQ@�20V4+./1+.B³<~50+=@�V4@nB,BQ)R3&-0+=+.-0/1+.50@1-|BQ+BQ),<O>A+'BQ@~V}<">A+.S,90),< [email protected]¸ª�@1-0@�),U&+4<6BQ3OBQ<OV4@?%
(�@1)¥),+45d90),)R@~+.V07:3&-05030±�+4V�m�ó��s����lnó[email protected]¸ª]<O/1��90+.S,+4;�+43&-d@¤S,+��=<OSQ<ES,90V.V}<F)Q<O5d+43O7:)R@1��90@1-�«;J<�50@�V4V�ªM<O/�/1@�V4@1),<?BQ3O),@O¾6+uS,@�U&-=<OV.+®20),3�¡&@�-0+4@�-|BQ+�5=<?V4V4@P3OBRBQ3�/1<O>P@1),@A@ 5=<O+Z),+'¡&@�V}<?B,3&),+<O90S,+.V4+4<O),+�¡O@1-0U&3O-03C),@�U&+4STBQ)Q<³BQ+®S,3&V.3�+4-�90- +4-|B,@1)R¡?<OV.V43¬50+¥B,@1>P2 3�¢��|ôOmâl�£E50+�`?�&�����S,3�¡�)Q<O202�3&STBQ3"<OV�2=<OSRSQ<OUOU&+43D50@1U&V.+ @�V4@nB,BQ)R3&-0+�¶�SR@bS,+�<OS,SR90>P@�/¦©0@b-d3&-§@1SR+4SRBQ<O-03 @n¡&@�-�B,+-03&-Ò�0S,+4/1<O>P@1-|BQ@¬+4-|BQ@�),@�S,SQ<?-�B,+~/�3&),)R@1V4<?BQ+¤/�3&-[+.VX20<OS,S,<OU&U&+.3�50+w@�V4@�BRBQ)R3&-0+¸±¥<OV.V43&),<�+5=<?BQ+�2 3&SRS,3&-d3A@�S,S,@�),@D/13&-0SR+450@�)Q<?B,+820)R+.¡�+�50+�7:3&-d5030%^�<6/�3&+4-d/1+45d@1-0;1<DBQ),<D+4V�S,@�U&-=<OV.@�20)R3�¡&@1-d+4@1-|B,@c5=<OV�/J<OV.3&),+.>A@nBQ),3F@b50<OV4V.3DSR/1+4-|B,+4V4V4<³«
BQ3&)R@E+.50@1-|B,+.�=/1<A+4V�2=<OS,S,<OU&U&+.3A5d+�9d-=<A2=<?)RBQ+./1@�V4V}<"<?-0/¦©0@ <³B,BQ),<J¡&@1)RS,3 V4<"S,@1)R+4@E50+�3OB,B,3),+.¡O@1V4<?BQ3&)R+¸¶=V4<y7:),<O;1+.3&-0@F50+���9d@1SRB,+�@n¡&@�-�B,+�/¦©0@�@6),+'¡&@�V}<?BQ<y50<OU&V4+�WX(ZYë50@�B,@1)R>A+.-=<AV4<V43&)R3"@�IP/1+.@1-0;1<d%
@¤ýTü¥ýTü ��� � �¢¡,EON���P£¤R��)��T��JINIKD1£7�?�^�<¦¥bl,ôOõ í�l¦ðnm�§�ô�ø,�%¨��åm>© <O+i^�<O��3&)Q<³BQ3&)R+0»�<?;1+43O-=<OV4+d50+iv=)Q<OSR/J<?B,+�¢�^�»�v*£�7�<F2=<O)TBQ@w50@�V/13&>P20V4@�S,SR3°aw�?3�»~H /¦©0@y/13&-dSRB¦<¬+4-z90-�^ ¨ »~�XY�±�90-�<O/1/�90> 90V4<?BQ3O),@"50+*@�V4@�BRBQ)R3&-0+'«2 3&SR+.B,),3&-0+�5=<F\�$���ª è ÜA±&509d@w<[email protected]+�50+�+4>P>�<?U|<O;1+.-=<O>P@1-|BQ3D¢ ðnmàî³óRô���l¤ó��åñ«�³ð�£�@�/�+4),/1<$�\O�cß 50+iV4+.-0@1@w50+=B,)Q<OST7:@1),+.>A@�-|BQ3E/¦©0@�/�3&-0-0@nB,BQ3O-036+i50+'¡&@1)RS,+�<O/�/1@1V.@1),<?BQ3&)R+¸% ¨ Vi7�<?S,/1+.350+ èe¬ Ý è� ±d20)R3j5d3OB,B,3 5=<OV�^ ¨ »X�XY�±�@�BQ),<OSR7:@�),+'BQ36-d@1U&V.+8<O-0@�V4V.+�5d+8<O/�/190> 9dV}<O;�+43&-0@~2 @�)
$�L
2�3&+�@1SRS,@1)R@c+4-0+.@�BRB¦<?B,3D-0@�V4V�ªM<[email protected]),+.-0/1+.2=<OV4@?%*²b9=<O-d503 +4ViSR+4SRB,@1>A<D50+�+4-d+4@1;�+43&-d@~-03O-@F<³B,BQ+'¡&3"+.V 7�<OSR/1+43y209�3P@�S,SR@1),@cB,)Q<OSR2 3&)TB¦<?B,3"+4-§90-0<y;�3&-=<"50@�50+4/1<?B¦<y< BQ@�SRBwS,9µ7�<OSR/1+43¢�sutwv*£½%¨ -��=UO90)Q<µLj%MLP¡�+4@�-0@ )R+42�3&)RBQ<?BQ3A90-03§S,/¦©d@1>A< [email protected]}<AV.+4-0@1<A50+�BQ),<OSR7:@�),+4>P@1-|B,3 5=<OV
^ ¨ »X�XYÙ<OV4V4< sutwvu%�¼cV4+ @1V.@1>P@1-|BQ+8SR+4U&-d+.�=/1<?BQ+'¡j+�50@1V�SR+4SRB,@1>A<"S,3&-03d¾� ^®ª]<O/�/1@1V.@1),<?BQ3&)R@AV.+4-0@1<O),@Aaw�?3�»�H ^ ¨ »~�XY /¦©0@P7:3&),-d+4S,/�@�2=<?/1/¦©0@nB,BQ+b¢®�1o�ñ�ø¦ùi£è ¬ Ý è 50+j>A3&V'BQ@�20V4+./1+.B³<�¡O<?),+}<?�0+4V.@¥+.- 90-")Q<?-0U&@�/�3&>A2d),@1SR3bBQ),< $¤@¤� 0 L�$��<¯�2=<O)T«BQ+4/�@1V.V4@O¶�@b+.- U&)Q<?503 50+�7:3&),-0+.),@~@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0+�/13O-§@1-0@�),U&+4<6>�<?S,S,+.>�<E50+8eO�&��ª è Ü@q9d-=<�/�3&),)R@1-|BQ@q50+E\O�O��ßl° 2�@1)±�1o�ñ�ø¦ù�±�3�2 3&SR+.B,),3&-0+b<OVb20+Q9´5d+c@1-0@�),U&+4<50+F\O�&�²ª è Ü @z90-=< /13O),),@�-|BQ@q50+ $��&�´ßl°D% ^�<�7:)R@1��90@1-d;J<Ò>A<OSRS,+4>A<�50+),+42�@�B,+4;�+43&-0@ @E\O�³h�id%
� ¹~-03ÒS,2�@�B,B,),3&>P@�B,),3x¡&@�),S,3[��90<OV4@z+4Vb7�<?S,/1+.3ë@q50@n¡j+4<?BQ3�/1+.),/1<�90-0<�¡&3OV.B¦<�<OVS,@1/�3&-0503d¶d+4-P��90@1STB¦<E;13&-=<E90-�3�503&SR/13&2d+43E>A3&-d+.BQ3O),+4;�;J<bV.3ESR2 @nB,B,),36@�-0@1)RU&@�B,+4/�[email protected]@c2=<O)TBQ+./[email protected]@?%
� ¹~-C��@1),S,<OU&V.+43 50+�BQ90-dU&SRB,@1-030±�50+.S,2�3&-0+.�0+4V.@E/�3&-CBQ)R@ 50+.¡O@1)RS,+*S,2�@1SRS,3&)R+¸±8/¦©d@P©0<+4V�),903&V.3�50+N50+.Ú 3&-050@�),@D+4V�7�<OS,/�+43 +.-�>A3�503 50< 2 3OB,@1)~U&@1STBQ+4)R@ V}<A>A3&V'BQ@�20V4+./1+.B³<@ESR@1V.@1;1+.3&-=<O)R@cV¸ª�@1-0@�),U&+4<d%
� ¹~- >A<OU&-0@nBQ@�50+42�3&V}<?),@q@�90-=<Ò/13&202d+}<[50+D/13&V.V4+.>�<?B,3&),+~U&)Q<?;1+4@�<O+E��9=<OV4+ES,+S,@1V.@1;�+43&-=<"90-0<P2=<?)RBQ@c5d@1V87�<OSR/1+43P<y@1-0@�),U&+4<"50@��=-d+.B¦<j%
� ¹~-=<q/13&202d+}<�5d+~��9=<O5d),902�3&V4+�±u/�+}<OSR/190-03�50+~@�S,SR+~7:90-0;�+43&-0<�/13O>A@¬90-=<�V.@1-|BQ@/1+4V.+4-05d),+4/1<d±|3�¡�¡&@1)R3y/13&-|¡&@�),U&@�-|BQ@EV490-0UO3 90-=<6/�3j3O),50+.-=<?B¦<D@b50+.¡O@1)RU&@1-|[email protected]&3<OV.B,)Q<d¶�+4Vi)R+4S,9dV.B¦<³BQ3E-0@�BRBQ3 50+ 5090@~��90<O50),9d2 3&V.+ )R903OBQ<?BQ+i50+´a&� � @�50+i7:3j/1<OV4+.;1;1<O),@+4V�7�<OSR/1+.30%
� ^®ª�90V'BQ+4>P3y>�<?U&-0@�B,@D5d+7�nlnñ�òy�åñ«�§50@n¡j+4<AU&V.+�@1V.@�B,B,),3&-d+�3�2 3&SR+.B,),3&-0+�5d+�K�\ � �=-d3<OV4V4<6SQ<OV4<"50+�>A+.S,90),<d%
»[email protected]}<°S,<OV}<°50+�>P+4S,9d)Q<°SR3&-03z<�50+.S,2�3&S,+.;1+.3&-0@�SR/1+.-�B,+4V.V}<?B,3&),+�±�/1<OV43O),+4>P@�B,),+®@ )R@1V}<³BQ+.¡?<@�V4@nB,BQ)R3&-0+./J<§50+*V4@nB,B,90)Q<d±�9d-�SR+4SRB,@1>A<§50+*U|<OS�±�+.VNBQ9jB,BQ3°<O/�/1@1SRS,+.�0+4V.@"2 @�)F¡�+4<µ)R@1>P3OB¦<50<OV4V4<6SRBQ<O-0;J<P50+8/�3&-|BQ),3OV4V43y<?50+}<O/�@1-|BQ@?%�~-=<OV4+.;1;�+}<O>P3A2d+¦9�+.-�50@nB,B¦<?U&V4+.3�U&V.+�@�V4@�>A@�-�B,+�/¦©d@"/13&STBQ+.B,90+4SR/13&-d3 V¸ª]<O202=<?)Q<?B,3�50+
>P+4SR90)Q<j%$JG
vN+.U&90)Q<yL�% Lj¾®^�+.-0@J<"50+8B,)Q<OST7:@1),+.>A@�-|BQ3y2 @�)¤V}<µ�nl,ôOõ mâl¦ðnm�¶�ô�ø,�%¨��åm>©
$JK
@�ýTü¥ýA@ ·+���P�7I1�PTUT�MIK£.D1�&�¸X GT�£.DL�PFH�JIKD1£¨ V 20),+.>A36),+.¡O@1V4<?BQ3&)R@"¢å�=U&90),<yLj%MG&£u<?B,B,)Q<J¡&@�),S,<?BQ3"5=<?V�7�<OS,/�+43 @�90-03yS,/�+4-|BQ+.V4V}<³BQ3&)R@X2dV}<³«STBQ+./13�5d+¥SR902 @�)R�=/�+4@AK|�&��Þ½ß k ±�¡[email protected]/�@�>A<¬/�3&-�S,/1<O),S,<�),+.S,3&9dV4;1+.3&-0@y@1-d@1),UO@�BQ+./J<d% HSTB¦<?B,3A9jBQ+4V.+4;�;J<?B,3 20),@n¡?<OV4@�-�B,@1>P@1-|BQ@E/13O>A@F/13O-�BQ<?BQ3O),@F50+�@�¡O@1-|BQ+�%u^*ª]<OV.B,),3y),+'¡&@�V}<?B,3&),@5d+ /�3&-|BQ),3OV4V43 ¢:�=UO90)Q<"L�%]K�£X@�90-§/1<OV43O),+4>P@�B,),3F50+ S,@1;�+43&-d@�/1+.),/1<690U&9=<?V4@b<D��9d@1V4V4<D50@�V'«V.3 S,/�+4-|BQ+.V4V4<?BQ3&)R@O¶ U&V4+�@1V.@�B,B,),3&-d+�¡&@�-0U&3&-d3µ7:@�),>A<?BQ+N<OVNSR903µ+4-|BQ@�),-03d±8),+.V}<OSR/1+}<?-0503�/�3&Sâ áB,9dB,BQ<�V}<PV43&)R3A@�-0@1)RU&+}<j% ¨ V�S,903 SR2 @nB,B,),3 ��aFYÙ5�<�90-=<A20),@�/1+4S,< +4-d7:3O),>A<O;1+.3&-0@cS,9dV4V}<>P3&V'BQ@12dV4+4/�+.B³<E@cSR@D<?-=<OV4+.;1;1<?BQ3 /�3&-0U&+.90-|B¦<O>P@1-|B,@c/13&-¬V43"SR2 @nB,BQ)[email protected] SR/1+4-|B,+4V4V4<?BQ3O),@2�@1)R>A@nB,B,@ 50+�+.-050+.¡�+.509=<O)R@D+!�1o�ñ�ø¦ùz< SR+4-0UO3&V43A@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0@?±�¡?<OV49jB¦<O-05d3 +4V�-�90>A@�),3µ50+@n¡&@�-�B,+��0S,+4/�+�),+.V4@�¡?<O-|B,+¸% ¨ -¬�=U&90),<PLj% \ SR+�>P3&STBQ)Q<"V.3�ð�ø,ôOm�mâlnó�p�¨4î³muBQ),<PSR2 @nB,BQ)R3A��aFY5d@1Vu/1<OV43O),+4>P@�B,),3¬@���90@�V4V43�[email protected]�SR/1+.-�B,+4V.V}<?B,3&),@?¶NS,3O-03C� @�- 50+4STBQ+.-0U&90+.�0+4V.+�U&V4+®@n¡&@1-|B,+/�3&-¬50+.¡O@1),S,<P>P3&V'BQ@12dV4+4/�+.B³<d%
v�+4U&90),< Lj%]Gd¾*v=3OB,3&U&),<?�i<[email protected]/1+4-|B,+4V4V4<?BQ3O),@D¢�)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3&),@~-0@1)R3 +4-��=<OS,SR3y<OV4V4<E7:3OB,3�£Z@5d@1U&V.+83OB,B,3PW~(ZY·+.-µS,@1)R+4@
$�\
vN+4UO90)Q<yLj%�K0¾®v=3OB,3&U&)Q<³�i< 50@1V�/1<OV43O),+4>P@�B,),3 9dSQ<?B,3�<O+8^�»~v
@¤ýTü¥ý�� ·���O«IK��FH�R��g¹��OKONES.S.�P£¤R?��T)S[EO¨ V=U|<OS®-0@1UOV4+=WX(ZYÙ@¤7�<?B,B,3F�090S,S,<O),@X+4-y/13O-�B,+4-�9=<O;�+43&-d@X50<E90-PS,+.SRB,@1>A<F/¦©d@~-0@X),@�U&3&V4<V¸ª]<O�0��3&-05=<O-d;J<�)R@1V}<³BQ+.¡?<µ50+u/�+}<OSR/190-d3C50@1+ZBQ),@PBQ+.20+¸% ¨ Vu),+./J<O>6�0+43�@�+4-d50+4SR2 @�-0SQ<O�d+4V4@2 3&+./¦©¥ö@X+ U|<?Su50+N÷1oilnñ�ø¦ù«�åñ«�"/13O- V¸ª�9dBQ+.V4+.;1;13F50+'¡&@�-�BQ<O-03 +.-0@�IP/1<O/1+�% ¨ BQ90�d+�<?BRBQ),<�¡O@1)RS,3/190+ 2=<OS,S,< +4V�U|<OS¥S,3&-03"+.>A2�@1)R>A@1<O�0+.V4+¸¶OV490-0UO36+4V�/J<?-=<OV4@~50+ �090S,S,<OU&U&+.3 S,3&-d3"2 3&SR+4;�+43?«-=<?BQ+8<OV4/�90-0+�UO3&),U&3OU&V4+4<?BQ3&)R+=2 @�)¤),@�U&3&V}<?),@bV4< 20),@�S,S,+.3&-0@F<OV.V¸ª�+4-|BQ@�),[email protected]@b/1<O>A@�),@?% ¨ VU|<OSZ@1-|BQ),<[email protected]}<F20),+.>�<F/J<?>A@�)Q<d±�90S,/�@1-05d3"5=<OV4V4<c��90<OV4@?±j@�-�B,)Q<6-d@1V4V4<ESR@1/�3&-05=< @~/13&Sâ á�=-03b<?V4V¸ª�90SR/1+.BQ<¤[email protected]¸ª�90V.B,+4>A<d¶���90@1STB¦<�SR/1@1V'B¦<D@uSRBQ<?B¦<w@�Ú @�BRBQ9=<³B¦<�2�@1)�<O�0�=<?S,SQ<?),@u+�/�3&SRB,[email protected]¸ª�@1S,2�@1)R+4>P@1-|BQ3d±d/13O-0S,+.50@1),<O-0503P+4V�7�<³B,BQ3"/¦©d@D+.V8U|<OS¤90S,<?BQ3y¡�+4@�-0@F2 3&+�50+4SR2 @�),S,3d%ab9d)Q<O-|BQ@yV.@ >A+.S,90)R@"50+®º�<?),;13�LO�&�?K§S,+*S,3O-03°2d),3�¡?<?BQ@"50+'¡&@�),S,@P/13O-0/1@�-�B,)Q<O;�+43&-d+
),@1V4<?BQ+'¡&@C50@�+cBQ),@CB,+420+c50+cU&<OS1% ¨ -ÙU&@�-0@1),<OV4@z/�+cS,+E<OS,2�@�BRB¦<x/¦©0@�<?90>A@�-|B¦<O-05d3ÒV4<2 @�),/1@�-|BQ9=<OV.@A5d+¥�~),U&3&-�<O90>P@1-|BQ+®V4<¬20)R3&�=<O�d+4V4+'B?< 50+�ðnm�óQl,ôOõ�lnój¶�V4<¬/�3&-d�=UO90)Q<O;�+43&-d@>�<OUOU&+43&)R>A@�-|BQ@�9dSQ<?BQ<¬@FSRBQ<?B¦<j¾
� ��)RU&3&-8¾*K|e<º ¡&3OV� v=),@13O-8¾*K|eZº�¡&3&V
$��
400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Calo:Scin
vN+.U&90),<yLj% \�¾uð�ø,ôOm�mâlnó��4p�¨4î³muBQ),<y/1<OV43O),+4>P@�B,),3 @FSR/1+4-|B,+4V4V4<?BQ3O),@
� ¨ S,3&�09jB¦<O-03d¾ZKZº ¡&3OV
@�ýTü¥ý¼» ½¾��¿+�?�POK�P����£7��Yu+4<OS,/�90-=<"ðnm�ó��Mp¬50@�U&V4+=3OBRBQ3E),+'¡&@1V4<?BQ3O),@E@~/�3&V4V.@1U|<³B¦<F<O5�9d-�50+.S,/1)R+4>P+4-0S,<?BQ3O),@¤<ES,3&U&V.+}</¦©d@�BQ),<OSR7:3&)R>�<q+~SR@1U&-0<OV4+X<O-=<?V43&U&+./1+¤+.-[S,@�U&-=<OV.@�50+.U&+.BQ<OV4@?¶wV}<�SR3&U&V.+}<�@°�=SRSQ< <�K&�>(*_2 @�)6/13OSRBQ)R90;1+.3&-0@?¶Z2�@1)D2 3?BQ@1)E¡?<O),+4<O),@P+4V®)Q<?202 3O)RBQ3¬BQ),<°+4V®SR@1U&-=<?V4@�@AV}<¬S,3&U&V.+}<��9=<³B,BQ)R3[50@�U&V4+c3?B,BQ3ÒWX(¥Y�±wBQ),<�V.@zSRBQ)R+420S¬@15ë+4Vc50+.S,/�),+4>P+4-0<?BQ3&)R@O±6@�>P3&-|B¦<?B,3x90-2d),@J<?>A20V.+.�=/1<?BQ3O),@O%¨ -03OV.BQ)R@�+.V�SR@1U&-0<OV4@[email protected]@Eðnm�ó��Mp=ð"@~V4@�BRBQ36<O-0/¦©0@c+.-�>P3j5036<O-=<OV.3&U&+./130¾�V}<E/13&)R),@1-|B,@
2d),3�¡&@�-0+4@�-�B,@�5=<cU&)R902020+=5d+=3OB,B,3yðnm�ó��Mp=ð6@w)R+4V4@n¡?<?B¦<�50<E90-P+4-|B,@1U&),<?BQ3&)R@¤/¦©0@X)Q<O/�/13&U&V.+4@9d-=<"��90<O-|BQ+.B³< 50+8/1<O),+./J< @F<?BRBQ)Q<J¡O@1),SR3A9d-qõ"o«¨ m>�¸ø¦ùdôOñ=ñ�l,¨�SR+8U&@�-0@1),<y9d-03yS,2�@�B,B,),3y50+/1<O),+./J<d%
$�`
�µÇ�� À Ì�Õ2ÁJË���Ë´Ð�ÕDØ�Ë@¤ýA@¤ýTü BÂD1£GÃ�TP£HR?��T)¡�EOK����£¨ V��=9dS,S,3F50+�2=<O)TBQ+./[email protected]@Z),+'¡&@1STBQ@�9d-"),903&V.3~7:3&-d5=<O>P@1-|B¦<OV.@¥-d@1V4V4<~50@nBQ@�),>P+4-=<O;�+43&-d@¥50@�V4V4<),+4SR2 3OSRB¦< 5d@1U&V.+�W~(ZY�¶�@c-0@�/1@�S,SQ<?),+43P5090-d��9d@6<J¡&@�),@E90-=<"/¦©0+4<O)Q<"50@n�=-0+4;�+43&-d@c50+8@1SRS,3@15§+4Vi20+.@1-036/13&-|BQ)R3&V4V.3650@�+�2=<?)Q<O>P@�B,),+�5=<6/19d+850+42�@1-d50@O%Z{j+�+4-d50+4/1<6/13&-ÅÄA3pÆu+4V=�=90SRS,3>A@�50+43"50+�20<O)RB,+4/1@�V4V.@�@FS,+4<d¾
ÄA3pÆZæ ã^ $´ ¢�Lj%.$�£503�¡&@ ã @y+4VN-�9d>A@�),3µBQ3OBQ<OV4@"50+®2=<?)RBQ+./1@�V4V4@6/¦©0@�<³B,BQ),<J¡&@1)RSQ<O-d3�V}<§SR902 @�)R�=/�+4@�^ë-0@�VBQ@1>P2�3 50+8>P+4SR90)Q< $� %®^®ª�@1SR20),@�S,SR+43&-0@DLj%'$cS,/�),+'B,B¦<D+4-§50+.2 @�-050@1-d;J<"5=<OV.V}<E7:)R@1��90@�-0;J<50+�),+.2 @nBQ+4;�+43&-d@�Çz50@�V�7�<OS,/�+43y@D5d@1V4V4<">A3&V'BQ@�20V4+./1+.B³<D>P@150+4<µÄ ã Ƥ50+�/1+4<OS,/�90-°+.>A2d90V4SR350+.¡O@1-|B¦<d¾ ÄA3pÆ®æ Ä ã ÆÈÇ^ ¢�Lj% LO£503�¡&@w3&)Q<b/�3&-�^zSR+=+4-|BQ@�-050@wV}<�SR902�@1)R�0/1+4@w+.-�B,@1)R@1S,S,<?B¦<F5=<OVj7�<OS,/�+430% ¨ V0-�90>A@�),3F>P@150+.350+®@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0+�Ä ã ÆESR+¥209�3�¡?<OV49dBQ<O),@ySR+}<°/1<OV4/�3&V}<?-0503µ50+4)R@�BRB¦<O>P@1-|BQ@PV}<µ>P@150+4<¬50@�V4V4<50+4STBQ),+.�090;�+43&-0@[email protected]¸ª�@1-0@�),U&+4<�/1@15d9dB¦<~<OV&/J<?V43&)R+4>P@�BQ)R3�@®),+.-03&),>A<OV.+4;1;1<O),V4<Z/�3&-EV¸ª�@1-0@�),U&+4</1@15d9dB¦<b5=<~90-"S,+.-0U&3&V.3~@�V4@�BRBQ)R3&-0@O±OS,+}<X-03OBQ<O-0503b/¦©d@¤V}<~5d+4SRB,),+.�090;1+.3&-0@Z50@1Vj-�90>A@�),3b5d+2=<O)RB,+4/�@1V4V.@F2 @�)g�1o�ñ�ø¦ù�@D50@1SR/1),+'B,BQ<�5=<OV.V}<ySRB¦<³BQ+4STBQ+./J<y50+N(�3&+4SRS,3&-�±���90+4-d50+�+.V�-�90>P@1)R3>A@�50+43µ@O¾�Ä ã Æuæ& �ɼÊ6Ë�¢>Ì�Íd¢��|£R£n±=503�¡O@6/13O-�Ì�Í0¢��|£�/1+�S,+�)R+.7:@�),+4SR/1@E<OV8),<O202�3&)RB,3PB,)Q<"+4V-�9d>A@�),3y50+�+4>P2090V.S,+ S,@1-d;J<A@�V4@nB,BQ)R3&-0+8@F+.V�-�90>P@1),3yBQ3?B¦<OV.@O%(�@1)X+42�3OBQ@�S,+8SR+�S,902d2 3&-dU|<P/¦©d@E+.V820)R3O�=V43"5d+87�<OS,/�+43yS,+4<yU&<O90S,SR+}<O-d30±03&SRS,+}<"/¦©0@
Î k ãÎ ä Î1Ï æ $� Ä ã ÆÈÇLwÐ c ê c�Ñ è ¬MÒ)Ó�ÔÔÖÕ Ó Ô Ø× ÔÔÖÕ × ÔÚÙ ¢�Lj%MG&£
(�@1)¤STBQ+.>�<O)R@~V4<62�3&),;�+43&-0@~50+�SR902�@1)R�0/1+4@c/�3&V42d+.B¦<E5=<OV�7�<OS,/�+43 SR+8S,/�@1U&V.+4@�5d+�90S,<O),@?±02 @�)/13&-|¡&@�-0;1+.3&-0@?±L^�æ·KeÐ c ê c�Ñ ±d/¦©0@c),<O2020)R@1S,@�-|B¦< V¸ª]<O)R@J<650+ 90-8ª�@1V.V4+4SRS,@X50+�SR@1>P+}<OSRS,+�L c ê@µL c�Ñ %�ac<?BQ<�V¸ª�@1��9=<?;1+43O-0@µLj%]Gd±Z<?B,B,)Q<J¡&@�),SR3zBQ<OV4@AS,902�@1)T�=/1+.@µ2=<OS,S,<O-03z/1+.),/1<�V¸ª]e&GZº50@1U&V.+8@1V.@�BRBQ),3O-0+850@�V87�<OS,/�+430%{�+N3OBRBQ+4@�-0@ /�3&>A@6@1S,2d),@1SRS,+.3&-0@"50+!Ä�3pÆ~+4-�7:90-d;1+43O-0@ 50@�V4V4@DU&)Q<?-050@1;�;1@"/1<O)Q<?BRBQ@�),+'«
SRBQ+./¦©0@F50@1V87�<?S,/1+.3 ÄA3pÆZæ Ä ã ÆÈÇKeÐ c ê c�Ñ ¢�Lj%]K|£
$�e
^�<�7:),@���90@1-0;1<E-d3&>A+.-=<OV.@~@�-d3OB¦<d±1Ä ã Æ�@u7�<O/�+4V.>A@�-�B,@u/1<OV4/�3&V}<O�d+4V4@®/�3&>A@u50@1SR/1),+'B,B,3+.-C20),@�/1@�50@1-0;1<d±�),+4>A<O-0@65090-0��90@y5=< ¡?<OV49jB¦<O)R@ c ê @ c�Ñ 2 @�)cV4@ 5d+.¡&@�),SR@P/�3&-050+.;1+.3&-0+5d+�V}<J¡&3&)R30%¨ -�3j/�/J<OSR+43&-d@ 50@1Vcó½o�ñ´50+�>A<O),;�3qLO�&�OKCSR3&-03zSRBQ<?BQ@µ/�3&SRB,),90+'BQ@§50@�V4V4@¬ðnm�ó��Mp=ð¬50+
V.@�BRBQ90),<6V}<O)RU&©0@�e >A>¬±j+.-§>A3�503D5=<"<J¡&@1)R@F90-=< 20)R@1/1+.S,+.3&-0@b50+ V43�/J<OV.+4;�;J<O;�+43&-0@wSR9dI"«/�+4@�-�B,@D2�@1)X2�@1),>P@�BRBQ@�),@EV}<y>A+.S,90),<y5d+4),@nB,BQ<P50@�V4V4<PV4<O),U&©d@1;1;1<P5d+�7�<?S,/1+.30%u��BRBQ),<�¡O@1)RS,3V4<´ø,¨ o|ðnmâlnó,�sÛ}Û�ô�Û��¸î³ñ�ln±¥3OB,B,@1-�9dBQ<�U&)Q<?;1+4@¬<q20),3&UO)Q<O>P>A+w<?202 3OS,+.BQ<O>P@1-|BQ@µSR¡�+.V4902020<?BQ+/�3&-P+4V<¶½óRôOõ�lnïuî³óÈÜ 50+�<O-0<OV4+.S,+d50<?BQ+ÞÝ�ß?ß6í�±OS,+�@w)Q<OU&UO+490-|B¦<c90-0<E)R+4S,3OV490;�+43&-0@¤SR2=<O;�+}<³«V.@¤50+i� 0 K6Þ½ßC% ¨ V=>P3OBQ+'¡&3F/¦©0@X©=<c),@�S,36+.-050+.S,2�@1-0S,<O�0+4V.@uB¦<?V4@¤>P+4S,9d)Q<c),+.S,+4@�50@¤-0@�Vi7�<³B,BQ3/¦©d@6V¸ª]<O-0-d3A20)R@1/�@150@�-�B,@ +�),+.S,90V'B¦<?B,+8-03&-°@1)Q<?-03�/�3&>A20<?BQ+.�0+4V.+�/13O-�50+.>A@�-0S,+.3&-0@c50@�V4V}<SR@1;�+43&-0@yBQ),<OSR¡O@1)RSQ<x¢®�nl,ôOõg�¸ðâp=î³mR£bSRB,+4>A<?B¦<µ<¬2=<O)RB,+4)R@P50<OV4V4<µ/�3&-03&SR/1@�-0;J<�5d@1V4V�ª]3?B,BQ+./J<5d+87�<OS,/�+430%^�<D�=UO90)Q<6Lj%M�E>A3OSRBQ),<D2�@1)¥5090@�/�3&-d�=UO90)Q<O;�+43&-d+�5d@1V 7�<?S,/1+.3D+.-0/1+.50@1-|B,@�+4Vi-�90>P@1)R3
5d+�/�3&-|BQ@�U&U&+i2 @�)wðnm�ó��Mp¬+4-y7:90-0;�+43&-0@w50@�V4V4<"ðnm�ó��Mpµ/13&V.20+.BQ<d¶�V}<c/13OV43&-0-0<E50+iSR+4-0+.SRBQ),<E@X50+5d@1SRB,)Q<wS,+&)R+.7:@�),+4SR/13&-d3¤),+4SR2 @nB,B,+.¡?<O>P@1-|BQ@*<?V4V}<®¡�+4SRBQ<�¡&@1)TBQ+./J<OV.@*@15E<¤��9d@1V4V4<�3&),+.;1;�3&-|B¦<OV.@O%ab90@FSR3&-03PSRB¦<³BQ@FV4@c/�3&-050+.;1+43O-0+�50+�V4<J¡&3&)R30¾� §�î�øno|ð|¾´V4<ÒS,@�;1+.3&-0@�5d@1VD7�<?S,/1+.3 @�/�+4)R/13&V4<O),@q/13&-Ù50@�¡�+}<?;1+43O-0@�STB¦<O-050<O),5 SR9/1+}<?S,/19d-=<y¡�+.SRB¦<"/�+4),/1<"90U&9=<OV.@F<PL">P>
� ò�l}§�î�øno|ð|¾ V4<¬SR@1;�+43&-0@�@�90-8ª�@1V.V4+.S,S,@P/13O-�50@�¡�+4<O;1+.3&-0@PSRB¦<?-05=<O)R5 90U&9=<OV.@�<q$&%]�/1> V.90-0U&3yV}<6¡�+.SRB¦<"3&)R+4;�;13&-|B¦<?V4@c@E�d%ML"/�> V49d-0U&3"V¸ª]<OV'BQ)Q<
ac<OUOV4+X+4SRB,3&U&),<O>A>P+c@�@n¡j+.50@1-|B,@C/¦©0@zV}<�5d@�7:3�/J<OV.+4;1;1<O;1+.3&-0@°+4-|BQ@�),@1SRSQ< S,3OV43�90-0</�3j3O),50+.-=<?B¦<j%»X3&-Ò5d+4>P@1-|BQ+./¦©0+}<O>P3�/¦©0@µV�ª]+.-�B,@1)R@1S,SR@q@¬)R+.¡O3&V.B,3z<OVu¡?<OV43O),@�¡O@1),3�[email protected]@ 5d+4>P@1-j«
SR+43&-d+Z5d@1Và�nl,ôOõg�¸ðâp=î³m�±�3�¡�¡O@1)R3��0+4SR3&U&-=<µBQ@�-0@1)D/13&-|BQ3�50+®@�¡&@�-|BQ9=<OV.+¥5d+4SRB,3&),SR+43&-d+Z/¦©d@+.-d�=90@�-0;J<?-03AV4< >A+.S,90),<d%*»X@E@�S,+.SRBQ3O-03�<?V4>P@1-03 B,),@O¾
� ¨ V*õ"oN¨ m>�Mp�¨4l,�¸ð�ø,ôOm�mâlnó��åñ«�� ^�<"50+'¡&@�),U&@�-0;J<y50@1V�7�<OSR/1+.3� ^�< c <O202=<?),@1-|B,@(�@1)ESRBQ9d50+}<O)R@yV¸ª�+4-0/�+450@�-0;J< /¦©0@P+4Vuõ"oN¨ m>�Mp�¨4l,�¸ð�ø,ôOm�mâlnó��åñ«�O±�503�¡j9jBQ3°<OV4V�ª]+.-�B,@1),<O;1+.3&-0@
5d@1U&V.+*@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0+*/�3&-�UOV4+*WX(ZY�±�©0<°S,9dV4V¸ª]<OV.V}<O)RU|<O>P@1-|BQ3A50@1V*7�<OSR/1+43d±�<?�0�0+}<?>A3µS,+.> 9j«V4<?BQ3°-�90>A@�),+./J<O>P@1-|BQ@A+4V�ð�lnm�o�pÒS,2�@1)R+4>P@1-|B¦<?V4@O±�50@1SR/1)R+.B,B,3�20)R@1/1@�50@1-|B,@1>P@1-|BQ@?% ¨ )R+'«SR90V.BQ<?BQ+w©=<?-0-03�)R@1S,3�@�¡�+450@�-|BQ@�+.Vw7�<³B,BQ3�/¦©0@�V.3xð�ø,ôOm�màlnó��åñ«�Ò-d3&- @¬S,9dIP/1+.@1-|BQ@C2�@1)
$Úa
/ ndf 2χ 85.16 / 17
Constant 8.83± 118.20
Mean 0.03± 10.48
Sigma 0.03± 0.58
x (strips)0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
/ ndf 2χ 85.16 / 17
Constant 8.83± 118.20
Mean 0.03± 10.48
Sigma 0.03± 0.58
Chamber 5 Focus x-view
/ ndf 2χ 83.12 / 20
Constant 9.43± 134.77
Mean 0.03± 12.64
Sigma 0.02± 0.52
y (strips)0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 / ndf 2χ 83.12 / 20
Constant 9.43± 134.77
Mean 0.03± 12.64
Sigma 0.02± 0.52
Chamber 5 Focus y-view
/ ndf 2χ 77.98 / 25
Constant 2.69± 53.23
Mean 0.09± 9.80
Sigma 0.06± 2.18
x (strips)0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 / ndf 2χ 77.98 / 25
Constant 2.69± 53.23
Mean 0.09± 9.80
Sigma 0.06± 2.18
Chamber 5 deFocus x-view
/ ndf 2χ 134.19 / 23
Constant 9.04± 166.82
Mean 0.03± 12.52
Sigma 0.02± 0.63
y (strips)0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160 / ndf 2χ 134.19 / 23
Constant 9.04± 166.82
Mean 0.03± 12.52
Sigma 0.02± 0.63
Chamber 5 deFocus y-view
vN+4U&9d)Q<ALj%M�j¾wY�<O>P@1)Q<P-�90>A@�),3µ\�¾�50+4STBQ)R+4�090;�+43&-d+�[email protected]@"ðnm�ó��Mp=ð"/�3&V42d+.BQ@F)R@1V}<³BQ+.¡O@6<?V4V4@/13&-d�0U&90)Q<?;1+43O-0@¦§�î�øno|ðE@Aò�l}§�î�øno|ðS,20+.@1U|<O)R@°V�ªM<?90>A@�-|[email protected]¸ª]<O>P20+4@�;1;J<C+.-�7:90-d;1+43O-0@°5d@1V4V4<q2�3&SR+4;1+.3&-0@µ50@�V4V}<C/1<O>A@�)Q<d%{j@�-0@°/13&-d/1V49d50@�/¦©0@�90- <OV'BQ)R3�7:@1-d3&>A@�-03�5d@�¡&@�3j/�/13&)R),@1)R@�2�@1)AU&+490STBQ+'�=/J<O)R@§B¦<OV.@<OV4V4<O),U|<?>A@�-�B,30%^*ª�3OB,B,+4/1<�50+�7�<OSR/1+43´@C/�3&-0/�@120+'B¦< +4-´>P3j5d3�B¦<OV.@�5=<�7:3j/1<OV4+.;1;1<O),@°U&V4+~@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0+
<OV4V�ª]90SR/1+'B¦<"50@1V7�nl,ôOõg�4p��Mp=lE@6+.V�7�<OS,/�+43PS,3&V.3�+4-¬20)R+4>A<A<O2d20),3&SRS,+.>�<O;�+43&-d@A@E2 @�)R7:@nB,B¦<�«>A@�-�B,@�/�3&V4V.+4>A<?BQ30±�+.-d7�<?BRBQ+®U&V4+®@�V4@�BRBQ)R3&-0+Z©=<O-0-03�90-=<°B,)Q<O+.@�B,B,3&),+4<§+4-|BQ)R+4-0SR@1/J<?>A@�-�B,@50+.¡O@1),UO@1-|BQ@?%�²b90@�SRB,3�@�Ú @�BRBQ3�SR+ZSR3&>P>�<¬<OVwõ"oN¨ m>�Mp�¨4l,�¸ð�ø,ôOm�màlnó��åñ«�C@�20)R3j509d/1@�/�3&>P@),+4SR90V.BQ<?BQ3A/1+.3§/¦©0@¬@"@�¡�+450@�-|BQ@y5=<OV�U&)Q<?�0/13µ+4-��0U&90)Q<¬Lj%M`j% ¨ 2d90-|BQ+�+.-C),3&SRS,3µS,3&-d3§+5=<?BQ+�SR2 @�),+4>P@1-|BQ<OV4+�±=��9d@1V4V.+�+4-�+.-°-d@1),3�S,3&-03�+4V�),+.S,90V'B¦<?B,3A5d@1V4V4<PSR+4> 9dV}<O;�+43&-0@Dº°3O-�B,@Y�<O),V.30%*{j+i)R+4/J<J¡?<F/¦©0@�V4<E50+'¡&@�),U&@�-0;J<E>A@�50+}<F2 @�)¥V4<c/13&-d�0U&90)Q<?;1+43O-0@�v=3�/190S®¡?<OV4@w/�+4)T«/J<µ`�>P)Q<O58± >A@�-|BQ),@62 @�)b��[email protected]}<�50@1v=3j/�90Sy@6BQ),<OS,/�90)Q<?�0+4V.@ /13&>P@6>P3&STBQ)Q< +.V�UO)Q<?�=/�3+4-§�=U&90),<PLj%Mej%Yu3O-0/1V.9050+}<?>A3~��9d@1SRB,3F2=<O)Q<?U&)Q<?7:3�/13&-"V4<�20),@�/1+.SQ<O;�+43&-0@u/¦©0@¤V4@�>P+4SR90),@¥50+ c ê @ c�ÑS,3&-03A7�<OV4S,<?BQ@E5=<�90-0<�50+4STBQ3&)RS,+.3&-0@E/¦©0@ 50+.2 @�-050@650<OV��090S,SR3§2090-|BQ9=<?V4@ 50+�@1V.@�BRBQ),3O-0+¸%
¨ - 20),@�/1@�50@1-0;1<"S,+N@�50@��=-d+.BQ3D+4Vi�=90SRS,3">P@150+.36/13O>A@2ÄA3pÆ¥@�SR+N@�<OS,SR90-|BQ3y/¦©0@�¡?<OV.@1S,SR@V¸ª�@1��9=<O;�+43&-0@ Lj%]Gd% ¨ >P20V4+./1+'B¦<O>P@1-|BQ@FSR+u@ ��90+.-050+�50@��=-d+.BQ3�90-��=90SRS,3§50+.2 @�-050@1-|B,@"5=<
LO�
x (cm)5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
(cm
)σ
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
allargamento del fascio X-view
v�+4U&90),<"Lj%M`j¾*V}<?),U&©0@�;1;1< 50@1V87�<OSR/1+.3"+4- 7:90-0;�+43&-d@[email protected]}< 2�3&S,+.;1+.3&-0@b50@�V8),+'¡&@�V}<?B,3&),@b2�@1)9d-¬7�<OSR/1+.3y7:3�/J<?V4+4;�;J<?B,3ä�@ Ï ±03�¡�¡&@�),30¾ 3c¢åä�á Ï £*æ Ä ã ÆÈÇ
LwÐ c ê c�Ñ è ¬MÒ�Ó�ÔÔÖÕ Ó Ô × ÔÔÖÕ × ÔÚÙ ¢¸L�% \&£50<P/�90+¸±09jBQ+4V.+4;�;J<O-05d3 V¸ª�@1��9=<O;�+43&-d@P$O% `j±dS,+�),+./J<J¡?<"90-8ª�@�IP/1+.@1-0;1<AV43�/J<?V4@O%�~/1/J<?50@6/¦©0@D+�),+.¡O@1V4<?BQ3&)R+8S,3O-03�209d-�B,9=<OV.>A@�-�B,@D>P@1-d3A@nIA/�+4@�-�B,+�Và<P5d3�¡O@�@E2090-j«
BQ<?BQ3A+4V�7�<OS,/�+430±�+4-°��90@1STB¦< ;13O-=<�S,+�3&S,SR@1)T¡O< 9d-8ªM<?�0�=<OSRSQ<O>P@1-|BQ3�[email protected]}<A5d+4SRB,),+.�090;1+.3&-0@5d@1V4V.@¥ðnm�ó,�Mp=ð¥<?/1/1@�S,@Z@15E90-=<¤/13O-0S,@�U&90@1-|B,@¥SR3�¡�),<OSRB,+4>A<w5d@1V4V4<uV43O),3¤V}<?),U&©0@�;1;1<d%�²c9d@1SRBQ<-�903�¡?<y50+4STBQ),+.�090;�+43&-0@c-d3&-µSQ<O)�<PU|<?90S,SR+}<O-=<j¶0V}< SR9=<y7:3O),>A<"<O-=<OV.+.BQ+./J<�@?¾
Î k ã 5 �ãâÎ ä Î1Ï æ �65 $´ Ä ã ÆÈÇ�65 Ä ã ÆÈÇJ�.�'�E-ÒLwÐ c ê c�Ñ è Ó ÔÔÖÕ Ó Ô × ÔÔÖÕ × Ô ¢¸L�%M�|£
Yu3O- ã 5 �bâ +.V�-�9d>A@�),3§50+�@�¡O@1-|BQ+�)R+.¡O@1V}<³BQ+¸%~{j@DS,+N<O2020)R3&S,SR+4>A<AV}<P50+4STBQ)R+4�090;�+43&-d@D50@�V'«V�ª]@���9=<O;1+.3&-0@ELj%]� /13O-¬9d-=<PU&<O90S,SR+}<O-0< S,+83OBRBQ+.@1-0@c/¦©0@FV�ª]@�S,20)R@1S,SR+43&-d@E5d@1V4V4<6V}<?),U&©0@�;1;1<<?202=<O)R@1-|BQ@~>A+.S,90),<?B¦< c ê�ä +4-y7:90-0;�+43&-d@~50@�V4V4<c7:)R@1��90@�-0;J<gǵ50+i),+.2 @nBQ+4;�+43&-d@�50@1Vi7�<OSR/1+43
L�$
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
allargamento del fascio X-view
vN+4U&9d)Q<"Lj%]ed¾*V4<O),U&©d@1;1;1< 50@1V 7�<OS,/�+43"+4- 7:9d-0;1+.3&-0@c50@�V4V}<D2 3&SR+4;�+43&-0@�50@1V�)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3&),@~2 @�)90-¬7�<?S,/1+.3"50@�7:3�/J<?V4+4;�;J<?B,3@O¾
c ê�ä æ c ê¾åææç V4-�¢�èné Ó L&£V4-8¢¸L&£ ¢�Lj% `O£
503�¡&@ê°·æHë�ì :<; =,íãîMïkAð é × @u/�3&- c ê SR+j+.-�B,@1-05d@uV}<XV}<O)RU&©0@�;1;J<w¡&@�)Q<�50@�V�7�<?S,/1+.3�>P+4SR90)Q<?BQ<X/�3&-7:),@1��90@�-0;1@A20),3OS,S,+.>A@y<?V4V43§;�@1)R30% ²b90@�SRB,3°7�<?BRBQ3µ+4>P2 3O-0@"/¦©0@PV¸ª]<O>A2d+4@1;�;J< 50+�7�<?S,/1+.350@�¡O@"@1S,SR@1)R@"/J<OV./13&V4<?B¦<P<�2=<O)TBQ+.),@E5=<�5=<?B,+N),<O/1/�3&V.B,+�<A�=<OS,SR@ 7:),@���9d@1-0;�@O±�<OV'BQ),+.>A@�-|BQ+�0+4SR3&U&-=<§),+./13&)R),@�),@P<OV4V�ª]@���9=<O;1+.3&-0@yL�% `§2 @�)F/13&)R),@1UOU&@1)R@P+.V*),+.S,90V'B¦<?B,30%"^�<µ�0U&90)Q<°Lj%ña50@1SR/1),+'¡&@wV¸ª]<O-050<O>A@�-|BQ3b50@�V4V4<bV}<O)RU&©0@1;�;J<c<O2d2=<O),@�-|BQ@¤/13O-y7�<?S,/1+.3b7:3j/1<OV4+.;1;1<?BQ3b)R+4V.@�¡?<?B¦<5=<b5090@¤)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3&),+�¶O9dB,+4V.+4;1;1<O-0503~90-=<b20)R3j/�@1509d)Q<c50+0<?5=<?B,BQ<O>P@1-|BQ3F<O+j5=<?B,+d50@�V4V}<~/190)à«¡O<y50@�S,/1)R+.BRB¦<A50<OV4V�ª]@���90<O;1+.3&-0@ELj%M`ySR+�209�3�@�SRB,)Q<O2�3&V}<?),@F+4V�¡?<OV.3&),@c¡O@1),3 c ê %�t�9dB,BQ<J¡j+4<S,+07�<c-03OBQ<O),@w/¦©0@X2 @�)*7:),@1��90@�-0;1@X>P+4-03&)R+050+�L?ò~;X<c7�<OS,/�+43c7:3�/J<OV.+4;1;1<?BQ3�V}<cS,@�-0S,+.�0+4V.+.B?<[email protected]¸ª]<O202=<O),<?BQ3P-03&-C/�3&-0SR@1-|BQ@y50+�50+4STBQ+.-0U&90@�),@6V4< c ê <O2020<O),@�-�B,@ 5=< ��90@�V4V}<y¡&@�)Q<d¶�SR+@6��90+4-d50+�S,/1@�V.B,3 50+�20),@�-050@1)R@ +4-°/13&-dS,+45d@1)Q<?;1+43O-0@DSR3&V43A+�50<?BQ+�)Q<?/1/13OV.BQ+�<��0<OS,S,<A7:),@½«��9d@1-0;1<b50+j)R+42�@�B,+4;1+.3&-0@Z@�ª�20),3O> 903�¡&@�),@Oª?V}< c <O202=<?),@1-|B,@w<~@1STBQ+.>�<?B,3&),@Z50@�V4V}<XS,@�;1+43O-0@BQ)Q<?SR¡&@�),S,<A50@�V87�<OS,/�+430%
L&L
frequenza (Hz)0 10 20 30 40 50
RM
S a
ppar
ente
del
fasc
io (c
m)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
apparenteσ
RMS stimata del fasciocamera 1: (0.18 +/- 0.02) cmcamera 4: (0.30 +/- 0.03) cm
vN+4UO90)Q<yLj%ñad¾ c <O202=<?),@1-|B,@E¡�S¤7:),@���9d@1-0;1<@�ýA@¤ýA@ ½~�GTU��O��óFHES[S.�P£ô@Eõ[õê�¸�öFHED1��£÷@Eõ[õG»^*ª]<O-=<OV.+4SR+�5d@1Vuó½o�ñ�50+�>�<?U&U&+43ALO�O�&G�2�3&)RBQ<�¡?< <?V4V}<yV49d/1@69d-C),+4SR90V.BQ<?BQ3P2�3j/�3 /¦©0+}<?),30±3�¡�¡&@�),3DS,@1>6�0)Q<J¡?<E/¦©d@~+=)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3&),+dS,+=/13O>A2�3&)RBQ<OS,SR@1)R3E+.-y>A3�503F50+.¡O@1)RS,3ES,@X+4-|¡&@�SRBQ+'BQ+50<q90-��=90SRS,3�2d),3�¡&@�-0+4@�-�B,@�5=<z90-=<C7�<OSR/1+43z7:3�/J<OV.+4;1;1<?BQ3C3q5=<z90-03q50@�7:3�/J<?V4+4;�;J<?B,30%^*ª�@�IP/1+.@1-0;1<�+4-[7:9d-0;1+.3&-0@�5d@1V~�090S,SR3 50+�2=<?)RBQ+./1@�V4V4@z@�)R+42�3&)RBQ<?B¦<zU&),<?�=/J<?>A@�-�B,@�+4-�0U&90)Q<�Lj%.$J�d¶D@°@�¡�+45d@1-|BQ@�/¦©d@�+~2d90-|BQ+�SR2 @�),+.>A@�-�BQ<OV4+�±�<O/���90+4SR+.BQ+w��9=<O-d503 +4V¤7�<OSR/1+43@�50@�7:3�/J<OV.+4;�;J<?B,3�¢:/190)R-=<��0V49=£n±�SR3&-03�+.-0/13&>P2=<?B,+4�0+.V4+�/�3&-���90@�V4V4+¥<O/���9d+4S,+'BQ+¥<°7�<OSR/1+437:3�/J<?V4+4;�;J<?B,3�¢:/190)T¡?<�),3&SRSQ<|£½%zYu+T3�@�503�¡j9jBQ3z<OV®7�<?B,B,3�/¦©0@§+®¡?<OV43O),+®-03&>P+4-=<?V4+*50@�V4V}<SR@1;�+43&-0@~BQ)Q<?SR¡&@�),S,< 50@1Vi7�<OS,/�+43 -d3&- @1),<O-03D/13&)R),@�BRBQ+�%®²b90@1STBQ+�)R+.¡O@1V}<³BQ3&)R+�-d3&-§<J¡&@n¡O<?-03ðnm�ó��Mp=ðX<O5=<³B,BQ@¤2�@1)N2 3OB,@1)�>P+4SR90)Q<?),@u5d+4),@nB,BQ<O>A@�-|BQ@�+.Vd20)R3O�=V43�50+j7�<OSR/1+.30±&��90+4-d50+0+d50<?BQ+<?/1��90+4SR+.B,+¥-0@�V¥>A<OU&UO+43�LO�&�&G¬-03&-�SR3&-03�9dB,+4V.+Z2�@1)D50@�B,@1)R>A+.-=<O),@P+4V��nl,ôOõg�¸ðâp=î³mE»~3O-/?ª.@°>A3?BQ+.¡O3z50+w/1),@�50@1)R@�/¦©0@°+4V�7�<OSR/1+43q20)R3j503?B,BQ3q-0@�VX>A<OU&UO+43�LO�&�&GC7:3&SRS,@¬50+.¡O@1),SR350<x��90@�V4V.3 50+c>�<?),;13�L?�&�OK0¾�-0@1SRS,90-=<�>A3�50+'�=/J<�STBQ),9jB,BQ9d)Q<OV.@x@CSRB¦<³B¦<x<O202�3&)RBQ<?B¦<<?V4V¸ª]<O/�/1@1V.@1),<?BQ3&)R@�@cV.@b/13&)R),@�-�B,+�-0@1+�>�<OUO-0@�B,+�50@�V4V4@�3OB,B,+4/¦©0@c@�)Q<O-03y+.50@1-|BQ+./¦©0@O%®ab@nB,B,3/�+T3§SR+�209�3§509d-0��90@y/13&)R),@1UOU&@1)R@"V¸ª]<O-=<OV.+4S,+�50@�V4V�ªM<O-d-03 S,/�3&),SR3µ+4-|BQ)R3j509d/1@1-d503µ+�¡?<OV43O),+
L?G
)-1 s-2flux (cm10
-210
-11 10 10
210
3
Eff
icie
ncy
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1GT0Glass TubesGT1GT2
HV = 7800 VHV = 8200 V
v�+4U&90),<yLj%'$��d¾®H�IP/1+4@�-0;J<y+4-§7:90-d;1+43O-0@F50@1V8�=9dS,S,3P50+�@�V4@�BRBQ)R3&-0+8/1<OV4/�3&V}<?BQ< -0@1V�L?�&�&G
50@1+Z2=<O),<O>A@nBQ)R+ c ê @ c�Ñ /J<OV./13&V4<?BQ+*-d@1V4V4<¬SR@1;�+43&-0@�20),@�/1@15d@1-|BQ@?% ¨ VZ�090S,SR3CS,+®¡O<?V49dBQ<S,@1/�3&-0503XV¸ª�@1��9=<?;1+43O-0@®Lj%�K0¶?^�<¤50+.S,2�3&S,+.;1+.3&-0@N5d@1U&V.+&WX(¥Yz-0@1V|LO�&�&G�@�)Q<¤S,+.>A+.V4@�<w��90@�V4V4<<O503OBRB¦<?BQ<X-0@�V0L?�&�OK0±³/13&-DV¸ª�90-0+./J<w50+.Ú @1)R@1-0;1<�/¦©0@¥B,9dB,B,+�+j)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3&),+|@�)Q<O-d3�2�3&SRB,+�V�ª]9d-03<O50+}<?/1@1-|B,@c<OV4V�ªM<?V.BQ)R30±&+.- >A3�503D/¦©0@cV¸ª�@�Ú @�BRBQ3 50@�V4V4<D50+'¡&@1)RU&@1-d;J<"50@1V�7�<OS,/�+43 -d3&- 7:3&S,SR@<O2020)R@1;1;1<O�0+.V4@O%b²b90@1STBQ3 ©=<A2 @�),>P@1S,SR3§50+�¡?<OV.9dB¦<?),@E90-=<�SR3&V}<PS,@1;�+43&-d@6BQ),<OSR¡O@1),S,<§5=<<O2020V.+4/J<?),@~<O+ ��9=<³B,BQ)R3 +�),+.¡O@1V4<?BQ3&)R+¸%�+ )R+4S,9dV.B¦<³BQ+iS,3&-d3"),+42�3&)TB¦<?B,+=-0@1V U&)Q<?�0/13 +.-��=U&90),<Lj%.$O$&% ¨ 209d-�B,+�SR2 @�),+4>P@1-|BQ<OV4+=-03O- S,3&-d36S,3�¡�)Q<?202 3OSRBQ+�<OVi>A@�50@1SR+4>P3+ø®mZ2�3&+4/¦©¥ö@X+�5=<?BQ+S,3&-03�SRB¦<³BQ+�<O/1��90+.S,+.B,+N<PBQ@1-dS,+43O-0+�5d+�<OV.+4>P@1-|B¦<O;�+43&-d+850+.Ú @1)R@1-|BQ+�¶�V4<A50+'Ú�@�),@1-d;J<AB,)Q<�V.@5090@¬/190)T¡&@�@µ509d-0��90@°5d3�¡�9dBQ<�SR3&V43q<OV�7�<?BRBQ3q/¦©0@¬V4@§/13O-050+4;�+43&-d+¤50+¤V}<J¡&3O),3q@1)Q<?-0350+.¡O@1),SR@O%º¬3&SRB,),+}<?>A3C50+wSR@1U&90+'BQ3zV¸ª]<O-=<?V4+4SR+u50@�+¤5=<?B,+¤50+w>�<O)R;13�LO�&�?K�<?-=<OV43OU|<C<q��90@�V4V4<
<O202�@1-=<µ@�Ú @�BRBQ9=<?BQ<d¶�+.-q�=UO90)Q<°Lj%'$�LµSR+®),+42�3&)TB¦<§V¸ª]<O-05=<?>A@�-�B,3µ[email protected]¸ª�@�IP/1+.@1-0;1<¬50@�U&V4+3OB,B,3P2d),3OB,3OBQ+.20+8WX(ZY·+4-§7:90-d;1+43O-0@F50@1V8�=9dS,S,3P50+�@�V4@�BRBQ)R3&-0+¸%^*ª�@�IP/1+.@1-0;1<X+.-|BQ),+.-0S,@�/J<�50+O��9d@1SRB,+�),+.¡O@1V4<?BQ3&)R+d@�/�+4)R/J<¤50@1Vd$�\<º ¶O/�3&>A@N50+4>P3&SRB,)Q<O-d3
+d20)R3OBQ3OB,+420+�50+0>A<OU&UO+43cL?�&�&G�@¤��90@�V4V4+�50+03?B,BQ3O�0),@wL?�&�OKcV}<~2 3OB,@1-0;�+}<OV.+.B³<X50@�U&V4+dW~(ZY·@@1V4@n¡?<?B¦<d¾ ¨ V �=90SRS,3PS,3&STBQ@�-0+4�0+.V4@~-03&-µS,902�@1),<"+4Vi¡O<?V43&)R@�50+�$Úhji|ÝOÞ½ßlk�±d>A< V¸ª�@�IP/1+.@1-0;1<+4-|BQ)R+4-0SR@1/J<6@�[email protected]¸ª�3&),5d+4-0@Z50@1V�a&�Zº %�^*ª�+4-0@nIA/�+4@�-0;J<�5d@1U&V.+d3OBRBQ3b20)R3OBQ3?BQ+42d+�/�3&-0SR+450@�)Q<?B,++4-§��90@1STBQ3PV}<J¡&3O),3¬@c5=<"+4>P209dBQ<O),@�<OV4V4<6S,/1<O),S,<P209dV4+4;�+}<6+.-|BQ@1)R-=< 50@�V4V4@�/J<O>P@1)R@E@F<?V4V}<20),@�S,@1-d;J<y-0@1V�U|<?S¤50+�<O/���90<y+.-µ��90<O-|BQ+.B³< S,9dIP/�+4@1-|B,@D5=< 7�<J¡&3O),+4)R@bV}<67:3O),>A<O;1+.3&-0@�5d+
L?K
)-1 s-2flux (cm10
-210
-11 10 10
210
3
Eff
icie
ncy
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1GT0Glass TubesGT1GT2
HV = 7800 VHV = 8200 V
v�+4U&90),<yLj%'$&$&¾®H�IP/1+4@�-0;J<y+4-§7:90-d;1+43O-0@c50@1V8�090S,SR3�/13O),),@nB,B,3
<?/1+45d3y�0903&),+.50),+./13"/¦©0@E),3�¡�+4-0<yV4< S,902�@1)T�=/1+.@F+4-|BQ@�),-=<y50@1+�)R+.¡O@1V}<³BQ3&)R+¸%
@�ýA@¤ý�� ½~�GTU��O��)£GI«IK£7ùD1�¸@Eõ[õG»(�@1)�+4V=ó½ojñy50+�3OBRBQ3&�d),@uLO�&�OKXS,3&-d3�SRBQ<?BQ+�/�3&SRB,),90+'BQ+�S,@nB,BQ@Z-�903�¡�+d),+'¡&@�V}<?B,3&),+&/�3&-65d+4>P@1-j«SR+43&-d+¸±8/1<O)Q<?BRBQ@�),+4STBQ+./¦©0@ BQ@�/1-0+./¦©0@y@15q@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0+./J<�+.50@1-|B,+4/¦©0@P<§��[email protected]@ 50@�+*),+'¡&@1V4<?BQ3O),+5d@1VEóno�ñ·50+~>A<O)R;13�LO�&�OK0%�ab+w-�903�¡&3 /�+~SR+~2d),3&2�3&-0@¬50+X/J<O),<?B,B,@1),+.;1;1<O),@¬+4V¤7�<OSR/1+432�3&+./¦©uö@bS,3O-03"SRBQ<?BQ@c@�S,@1UO90+.B,@[email protected]@~>A3�50+.�0/¦©0@c<OV.V}<DV.+4-0@1<D50+�BQ),<OSR7:@�),+4>P@1-|B,3 ¡&@1)RS,3yV}<s¥twvx@F-03O-¬/?ª.@FV4< S,+4/�90),@�;1;1<P/¦©0@F+.V�20)R3O�=V43"SR+}< )R+420)R3j509d/1+4�d+4V4@~+4-§>P3j5d3"+450@�-�B,+4/�3y<��90@�V4V.3P5d+820),+.>�<J¡O@1)Q<j%^*ª]<O2020)R3j/�/1+43F/�3&-�/�90+=S,+�@w>A+.S,90),<?B¦<bV4<cS,@1;�+43&-d@wB,)Q<OST¡&@�),SQ<E50@1V=7�<OSR/1+.3E5d+=3OB,B,3&�0),@
L?�&�OK�@D/13&>P20V4@nB¦<O>P@1-|B,@650+'¡&@1)RS,3§5=<A��[email protected]�90S,<?BQ3§+.-�20)R+4>A<J¡&@1),<d% ¨ V�>A3?BQ+.¡O3�@650<)R+4/�@1),/1<O),SR+d-0@�Vd7�<?BRBQ3b/¦©0@¤-d@1V4V�ª]9dV.BQ+.>A3Fó½o�ñ�2�@1)�3&UO-0+d@n¡&@1-|B,3E+.3&-0+.;1;J<?-�B,@�V4@wðnm�ó��Mp=ðw/¦©d@50<O-0-03°90-�SR@1U&-0<OV4@PS,3&2d)Q<µS,3&U&V.+}<§S,3O-03°>P@15d+}<O>P@1-|BQ@y��9=<?BRBQ)R30%§Yu+à3¬-d3&-�SR+4U&-0+'�=/J</¦©d@A+.V�-�90>A@�),3¬>A@�50+43§5d+*@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0+N2 @�)��1o�ñ�ø¦ù�@y@1V.@�¡?<?BQ3d¶�/�+}<OSR/190-q@1V.@�B,B,),3&-d@P/¦©d@<³B,BQ),<J¡&@1)RSQ<qU&V4+wWX(ZY_+4-05d90/1@¬/13&)R),@�-�B,@�SR9[��9=<?BRBQ),3 ðnm�ó,�Mp=ðn% ^�<z/J<?90SQ<q50+w��9d@1SRB,3/�3&>P2 3&)TB¦<O>P@1-|B,3 <O-03O>�<OV.3y209wö3§@1SRS,@�),@"+4V�20)R@J<O>P20V.+.�=/1<?BQ3&)R@F/¦©0@y<O90>P@1-|B¦<AV}<y20),3?«�0<O�0+4V.+.B³<w5d+�ønóQî�ð¦ð,�âm ôy¨bÜFB,)Q<�V.@wðnm�ó��Mp=ðn%�¹X-=<b>A3OV.BQ@�20V4+./1+'B?<uB¦<?-�B,3c<OV'B¦<w50+�ðnm�ó��Mp=ðw<O/�/1@1SR@2�@1)c/�+}<OSR/190-z@n¡&@1-|B,3�-03&-z2�@1)R>A@nB,BQ@650+N7�<O)R@"90- ø,¨ o�ðnmâlnó 50@�+�5=<?B,+�)Q<O/�/13&V'BQ+�¶8-03&-zS,+©0<µ��90+.-050+�90-=<§20),@�/1+.S,+43O-0@ S,20<O;1+4<OV4@ SR9dIP/1+.@1-|BQ@y2�@1)c),+.SQ<OV.+4)R@6<OV.V}<�5d+4>P@1-0SR+43&-0@D50@1V
LO\
vN+4U&9d)Q< L�%.$�L�¾~H�IP/1+.@1-0;1< 50@1UOV4+�W~(ZY BQ@1STB¦<?B,+N+.-�20),+.>�<J¡O@1)Q< LO�&�OKA+4-�7:90-d;1+43O-0@ 50@�V�=90S,SR3A/�3&),)R@�BRBQ3
�nl,ôOõg�¸ðâp=î³mn¶¥<OV.V43&),<¬SR+c@§SR7:)R9dB,BQ<?B¦<�V4<�2 3OS,S,+.�0+4V.+.B³<¬50+¥),+./13&STBQ),9d+4),@�V}<°B,)Q<O+.@�B,B,3&),+4<¬5d+/1+}<?S,/19d-C@1V4@nB,B,),3&-0@6-03OB¦<AV}<�2�3&S,+.;1+.3&-0@[email protected]}<�/1<O>A@�)Q<d%c²c9d@1SRB,3µ>A@nBQ3�503�@"<O2d20V4+./J<³«�0+4V.@ S,3&V.3z<C),+.¡O@1V4<?BQ3&)R+u/�3&-Ò@nIP/1+4@�-0;J<q<OV'B¦<d±*)R@1��90+4SR+.B,3q/¦©d@¬��90@�SRBQ<�S,@�),+.@§50+wW~(ZY<�¡O@�¡?<d¶=+.-¬2d)Q<?B,+4/J<"SR+®@c@1V}<?� 3&),<?BQ3"9d-°20)R3&U&),<O>A>A<6/¦©0@F7�<O/�@1S,SR@D9d-)ø®m�5d+8BQ)Q<?/1/1+4< @S,+�S,3O-03A9dSQ<?B,+���9d@1SRB,+�),+4SR90V.BQ<?BQ+ 2 @�)¤),+.SQ<OV.+4),@b<OV4V4<6V}<O)RU&©0@�;1;J<"50@�V�20),3?�=V430%¨ U&)Q<³�=/1+�Lj%'$�Gy@DLj%.$1KPSR+�),+.7:@�),+.S,/13O-03y<OV4V4<6¡�+4SRBQ<y¡O@1)TBQ+4/1<OV4@c/�3&-�9d-¬7�<OSR/1+.3P+.-µ90-=<
/13&-d�0U&90)Q<?;1+43O-0@X<O-=<OV.3&U|<c<c��[email protected]}<Pò�l}§�î�øno|ðX50+=>A<O),;�3DLO�&�OK0% ¨ V=20),+.>A3c),<O2020)R@1SR@1-|B¦<V4@Z50+4STBQ),+.�090;�+43&-0+|5d@1V4V4<~2�3&S,+.;1+.3&-0@®),+./13&STBQ),9d+.B¦<X/13&-6+4V�ø®m�50+�B,)Q<O/�/1+4<d±?¡�+4STB¦<X5=<�/1+4<OS,/�90-),+.¡O@1V4<?BQ3&)R@O¶|+.VdS,@�/13&-d503D)R+42�3&)RBQ<�V¸ª]<OV.V}<O)RU|<O>P@1-|[email protected]}<�SR@1;1+.3&-0@w50+d7�<?S,/1+.3c+4-"7:90-0;�+43&-d@[email protected]}<b2�3&S,+.;1+43O-0@¤50@1Vi)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3&),@?±|+=2090-|BQ+=SR2 @�),+.>A@�-�BQ<OV4+dS,3&-03E+4-y)R3&S,SR30±j>P@1-|B,),@w��90@1Vû«V4+NUO@1-0@�)Q<?B,+*/13&-q+4V�>P@�B,3j5d3¬º°3&-|BQ@�Y�<O),V.3§S,3&-d3°��90@�V4V4+N+4-z-0@1)R+¸%"�~-0/¦©0@P+4-C��90@1STBQ3óno�ñ�SR+�S,3&-d3¬9dSQ<?B,@"5090@"/13O-d�=U&90),<O;1+.3&-0+�/¦©d@"/13&-|BQ+.-�90@1)R@1>P3°<?5C+450@�-�B,+.�=/1<O),@"/�3&>P@§�î�øno|ð"@µò�l}§�î�øno|ðn%bWw+.7:@1)R@1-05d3&S,+N<OV4V�ªMWX(ZYë20+Q9�¡�+./1+4-d3 <OVê�nl,ôOõg�4p��Mp=l +�¡?<OV43&)R+�B,+420+./1+50@1V�20)R3O�=V43PBQ),<OSR¡O@1),SR3 50@�V�7�<OSR/1+.3ASR3&-03�)R+42�3&)RBQ<?BQ+�-d@1V4V4<yBQ<O��@1V4V4<PLj%.$O% ¨ ¡?<OV43&)R+�50+.Ú @n«),+4SR/13&-d3¬50<¬��90@�V4V4+N50+*>�<?),;13µSR+}<§2 @�),/¦©¥ö@P2�3OBQ@�-0;1+4<OV4>P@1-|BQ@"+.VN7�<OSR/1+43q@"50+'¡&@1)RS,30±�S,+4<2 @�),/¦©¥ö@"+�)R+.¡O@1V}<³BQ3&)R+�SR3&-03¬<O5C90-=<§50+.SRBQ<O-0;J< 5d+N/1+.),/1< >A@�;1;13µ>P@�B,),3 5=<?V4V}<P�=-0@"50@�V�nl,ôOõg�4p��Mp=ln±j��9=<O-d503�< 2d),+4>A<J¡&@�)Q< B¦<OV.@b50+.SRB¦<?-0;J< @�)Q<"/1+.),/J<§$�\6/�>°%®^�<"50+'¡&@1)RU&@1-d;J<
LO�
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
-10-8
-6-4
-20
24
68
100
20406080
100120140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
v�+4U&90),< Lj%'$�Gd¾Xab+.SRBQ)R+4�09d;1+43O-0@D5d@1V4V4<A2�3&S,+.;1+.3&-0@6)R+4/�3&SRB,),90+'B¦<A50<OV´ø®mX50+�B,)Q<O/�/1+4<�[email protected]@SR@�BRBQ@E/J<O>P@1)R@
ò�l}§�î�øno|ð §�î�øno|ð*�+4SRBQ<6¡&@�),+4/1<OV4@ ¢T$ 0 LOe!ú � 0 �&�|£u/�> ¢�� 0 �OK+ú � 0 �&G|£u/1>*�+4SRBQ<"3&),+.;1;13O-�BQ<OV4@ ¢�� 0 G|\pú � 0 �OK�£u/�> ¢�� 0 \O�!ú � 0 $�G|£u/1>t�<O��@1V.V}<yLj%'$&¾�*Z<OV.3&),+ 5=<OV4V4< V}<O)RU&©0@�;1;J<"50@�V[�nl,ôOõg�¸ðâp=î³mu2�@1)¤/�3&-d�=U&9d)Q<O;�+43&-0@2§�î�øno�ðE@ò�l}§�î�øno|ð[email protected]}<6¡�+4STB¦<"¡&@�)RBQ+./J<OV.@c@15¬3&),+.;1;�3&-|B¦<OV.@>P@15d+}<D+.-���90@�SRBQ@c/�3&-050+.;1+.3&-0+¸±�/1<OV4/�3&V}<?BQ<D20)R@1-05d@1-0503"+.- /13O-0S,+.50@1),<O;1+.3&-0@�+.V�õ"oN¨ m>�Mp�¨4lð�ø,ôOm�mâlnó,�åñ«�O±�@c/�3&-0SR+4SRB,@1-|BQ@E/13O-°��90@�V4V}<">P+4SR90)Q<?BQ< +4-§>A<O),;�30%¨ V�U&),<?�=/�3P+.- �=U&90),<�L�%.$�\6)R+42�3&)RBQ< +�¡?<OV43O),+�5d@1V4V�ª]@nIP/1+4@�-0;J<"+.- 7:90-0;1+.3&-0@F50@�V��=90Sà«
SR3�/1<OV4/�3&V}<?B,3°/�3&-�+*¡?<OV.3&),+*50@�V4V4<¬V4<O),U&©d@1;1;1<°50+*7�<OSR/1+.3�<O202�@1-0<°),+./J<J¡?<?BQ+�% ¨ 50+'¡&@�),S,+/�3&V43O),+®S,+Z),+'7:@1),+.S,/�3&-03�<?V4V4@y50+'¡&@�),S,@�/J<O>P@1)R@O¶X@�5=<°-03OB¦<?),@P/¦©0@ +Z2090-|BQ+¥),@1V4<?BQ+'¡�+®<OV'«V4<C/13&-d�0U&90)Q<?;1+43O-0@�§�î�øno|ð¬@¬<q��90@�V4V4<Òò�l}§�î�øno|ðµS,+¤SR3�¡�),<O202�3&-0U&3&-d3�<OV¤>P@15d@1S,+.>A3ø®m�±�<¬/�3&-d7:@�),>A<µ5d@1V�7�<?BRBQ3µ/¦©0@PV}< ¡?<OV49dBQ<O;1+.3&-0@ 5d@1V4V4<§U&)Q<O-d50@1;�;J<µ50@1V+�nl,ôOõg�¸ðâp=î³m @/�3&-0SR+4SRB,@1-|BQ@?%
LO`
x (cm)5 10 15 20 25 30 35
(cm
)σ
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
v�+4U&90),<yLj%'$JK0¾*^�<O)RU&©0@1;�;J<y50@1V�7�<OSR/1+.3 ¡jSX2�3&S,+.;1+43O-0@b50@�V�)R+.¡O@1V}<³BQ3&)R@
)-1s-2flux (cm10
-210
-11 10 10
210
3
effic
ienc
y
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1digital readout
vN+.U&90),<yLj%.$�\j¾®H�IA/�+4@�-0;J<"¡�Sw�090S,SR3
LOe
¿ ��� � Â*� ������� �
^�<"/J<?)Q<?BRBQ@1)R+4;�;J<O;�+43&-0@c5d@1+�2=<O),<O>P@�BQ)R+�SR+4U&-0+'�=/J<³BQ+.¡�+ 50@1V87�<OSR/1+.3PSR3&-03PSRBQ<?BQ+8>P+4SR90)Q<³BQ+/�3&-[SR90/1/�@1SRS,30¶~V}<C),+.20),3�¡?<x@¬50<?B¦<z5=<OV.V¸ª]<O-=<OV.+4S,+Z50@�+X50<?BQ+¤50+w>A<OU&U&+.3zLO�&�OGq2�@1)yV}<��9=<?V4@O±�+.-d7�<?B,B,+¸±8SR+X@"/¦©0+}<O)R+.BQ<µ9d-8ªM<?202=<O)R@1-|BQ@P+4-0/�3&-0SR+4SRB,@1-0;1<µB,)Q<§V}<§/�3&-d�=U&9d)Q<O;�+43&-0@/�3&-µ7�<OS,/�+43"7:3j/1<OV4+.;1;1<?BQ3 @F��90@�V4V}< /�3&-µ7�<OS,/�+43y50@�7:3�/J<?V4+4;�;J<?B,30%¼c)Q<O;�+4@y<OV.V}<A¡?<OV.9dB¦<?;1+43O-0@650@�V4V.@"50+4>P@1-0SR+43&-d+N50@�V4V}< SR@1;�+43&-0@ B,)Q<OST¡&@�),SQ<¬50+�7�<OSR/1+43
@CSTB¦<?B,3 2 3OS,S,+.�0+4V.@�90-d+.¡&3�/J<?>A@�-�B,@C50@�B,@1)R>A+.-=<O),@�V¸ª�+4-d�=9d@1-0;1<x/¦©d@C+4V~�090S,SR3Ò50+�)Q<³«5d+}<O;�+43&-0@�+4-0/�+450@�-�B,@µ©=<qSR90V4V�ª]@nIP/1+4@�-0;J<C50@�U&V4+�W~(ZY�%®t�9jB,B¦<J¡�+}<CV4<�50@1SR/1),+.;1+.3&-0@µ50@1V/�3&>P2 3&)TB¦<O>P@1-|B,3°50+Z��90@1STBQ+Z),+'¡&@1V4<?BQ3O),+Z<?B,B,)Q<J¡&@�),SR3�+®2=<O)Q<?>A@nBQ),+.�Ê@)���"-03O-�S,@�>y«�d)Q<D@�S,SR@1),@c5d@1ViBQ9dBRBQ36@nIP/J<O/�@O¾®<OV./190-0+i)R+.¡&@�V}<?B,3&),+i/�3&-�V.@~>P@150@�S,+.>A@X/J<O),<?B,B,@1)R+4SRB,+4/¦©0@©0<O-0-03q@�¡�+45d@1-0;�+}<?B,3q/�3&>P2 3&)TB¦<O>P@1-|B,+�50+.¡O@1)RS,+¸%�{�@¬-d@°50@�5090/�@°/¦©0@¬+4- 2d),+4>A<C<O2j«2d),3&SRS,+4>A<O;�+43&-0@uV}<c50@1SR/1)R+4;1+.3&-0@¤5=<³B¦<P@¤20+Q9"/¦©0@XS,3�5050+.SR7�<O/�@1-|BQ@?±�+.-|¡&@1/�@~2�@1)®SR20+4@�U|<O),@@nÚ�@nB,B,+��=-0+�±�/�3&>A@DV}<y¡O<?),+}<?;1+43O-0@D5d+N@�IP/�+4@1-d;J< 5=<AB,)Q<�)R+.¡O@1V}<³BQ3&)R+�<?202=<O)R@1-|BQ@�>A@�-�B,@+.50@1-|B,+4/1+�±d@�+.-=<O50@�U&9=<?BQ<d%�(�@1)N@1S,@�>A2d+43bSR+02 3?BQ),@��0��@�/13&>P+4-d/1+}<?),@Z<�BQ),<?B,BQ<O),@¥V¸ª]<O),@1<�-d3&-§/13&>P@�9d-=<6;13O-=< /13&>P20V.@�B¦<?>A@�-�B,@�SR/J<O)R+4/J<³B¦<d±�>�<D/13&>P@�90-§+.-|BQ3&)R-03650@�V�209d-�B,3+.-�/�90+Z<J¡�¡�+.@1-0@AV}<§S,/1<O),+./J<µ503�¡&@�+.V*2 3?BQ@1-d;1+}<?V4@"50+.2 @�-050@P5=<OV4V4<§2 3&SR+4;�+43&-0@?¶�3O202090)R@SR+�2 3OB,),@��0� @E/13O-0S,+.50@1),<O),@EV}<">P+4S,9d)Q<"S,9¬7�<OS,/�+43P+4-¬>A3�503P<PSR@DSTB¦<O-|B,@O±�/1@1)R/J<O-d503 50+¡?<OV.9dB¦<?),@¤+4Vj),903OV43c/¦©0@XU&+43�/J<bV4<b50@1-dS,+.B³<c50+=2=<O)TBQ+4/�@1V.V4@u-d3&-A9d-0+.7:3&)R>A@?±&��90@1STBQ3D+4>P20V4+û«/1<6/¦©0@cV�ª]@nIA/�+4@�-0;J<6+.-A7:90-d;1+43O-0@�50@�V4V4<E7:),@���90@1-0;1< 50+�)R+42�@�B,+4;1+.3&-0@w50@�V 7�<OSR/1+436<OS,SR90>P@9d-=<A7:3&)R>�<"7:90-0;�+43&-=<?V4@E50+.¡O@1),S,<�5=<P��9d@1V4V4<�<?BRBQ9=<?V4>P@1-|BQ@E90SQ<³B¦<�2�@1)�<O2020)R3&S,SR+4>A<O),@+�50<?BQ+8SR2 @�),+.>A@�-�BQ<OV4+�%Yu3&-d/1V49d50+}<O>P3b50+./1@�-0503c/¦©0@w),+.U&9=<O)R503b<?V4V¸ª�3OBRBQ+4>P+4;�;J<O;�+43&-d@*[email protected]@u2d),@1STB¦<O;�+43&-d+050@n«
UOV4+jW~(ZY´@�+4-D7�<OS,@�5d+dSR¡�+.V490202�3b90-")R+.¡O@1V}<³BQ3&)R@u/13O-"@1V4@nB,B,),3�50+j+.-6¡&@nBQ)R3E+.- /19d+d+dU&<OS�50+÷1o=lnñ�ø¦ù«�åñ«�O±&)R@J<OU&@�-|BQ+i/13&-yV�ªM<O/���9=<D<b7:3&)R>�<?),@¤<O/�+4503c�=9d3&),+.50),+./130±&SR3&-03FS,3OSRBQ+'BQ90+'BQ+050<9d-=<�SRB,),9dBRBQ90),<�<OV'B¦<O>P@1-|BQ@y50+.@1V.@�B,B,),+./J<µ/¦©0@A7:@�),>A<°>P@1/1/1<O-0+./J<O>P@1-|BQ@AU&V4+*@�V4@nB,BQ)R3&-0+/¦©d@DSR+�> 903�¡&3&-d3A+.-¬5d+4),@�;1+.3&-0+�5d+.¡&@�),SR@D5=<"��90@�V4V}<"50@�V�/J<O>P2�3P@�V4@nB,BQ)R+4/�30%
Lea
G&�
û �Mü Â*���9ýr� À¸þ À
� ¼FV.@1-Avu%«ÿF-d3&V4V�±Kݤô|òy��ôOm>�¸î³ñ�� lnmâl¦ønm��¸î³ñ°ôOñ�ò���l,ô³ðno�óQlnõ�lnñ=m�±��O3&©d-���+4V.@�P<O-d5{j3&-0S
� ò~@1V.@1-0+4< º°@�-0U&©0@nB,BQ+�±ckim�odòy�wp�óQl,¨��åõg�åñ�ôOó��Eòy�Eojñ p�óQî³màî³m>�Mp=îxòy�Fo�ñëó���Ol,¨'ôOmâîw�ó¦l¤p=lnó�¨ � î�ð¦ð�lnó�³ô�Û��¸î³ñ�lDò�l,¨%¨4l"î�ð�ø,�%¨%¨'ô�Û��¸î³ñ1��ò�l,�*ñ�lnojm�ó��åñ1�uôOm�õ�î�ð¼¶Jlnó��¸ø,�å±0t�@1S,+�50+^�<?90),@1<d±0�6%��6%�$Úa<a<a��&L?�&�&�d±d¹~-0+'¡&@1)RS,+'B?<"50@1UOV4+�{�B,9050+�50+�s¥3&V43&UO-=<
� ��V4@�S,SR+43y¼c©0@1;�;1+�±��¥óQî®��lnm�mâîPòy��ojñzl¦ðâp=lnó,�åõ�lnñ=mâîwp=lnó¨4î6ðnm�odòy�¸îPòy�Zî�ð�ø,�%¨%¨'ô�Û��¸î³ñ1�òy�¥ñ�lno�m�ó��åñ1�å±8t�@1SR+�50+N^�<?90),@1<d±��D%]�D%N$�a<aya��&LO�&�O�d±�¹X-0+.¡O@1)RS,+.B³<�50@�U&V4+N{�BQ9d50+�50+º°+4V4<O-03
� {�BQ@n7�<O-03Dº�<O)R@1V4V.+¸±��®ôOó,ôOm�mâlnó,�sÛ}Û�ô�Û��¸î³ñ�lXòy��ó,��Ol,¨'ôOmâî³ó���òy�8óRô|òy��ô�Û��¸î³ñ�l!�¸î³ñ1�sÛ}Û�ôOñ=mâlôEp���ôOñ1��óQl¦ð,�4ðnm�������åñ�Olnm�óQî³±iH*V}<O��3&)Q<³BQ3 �=-=<?V4@O±d�6%��6%�LO�&�&L��&LO�&�OGd±0¹X-0+.¡O@1),SR+.B³<50@1U&V.+�{�B,9050+�50+�º°+.V}<O-d3ysu+4/�3j/�/J<
� ¼y%8º�<O;1;�+.B,@1V4V.+�@nBE<OV¸%'±��¥î³õ"õg�4ð¦ð,�¸î³ñ1�åñ«�°î�¶"måù=l����+3���� �nl,ôOõ màl¦ðnm�¶�ô�ø,�%¨��åm>©?±»~90/�V4@J<?) ¨ -0SRB,),90>P@1-|BQS~<O-05�º°@nBQ©03�50Sw+4-¬(*©0+4SR+4/�SwWX@�S,@J<?),/¦©8±i�c\�$�\��OG¬¢¸L?�&�&G|£\j$����&\?GOK
