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III.2III.2 Semiotic AnatomySemiotic Anatomy

III.2.1 III.2.1 (M Oct 05) (M Oct 05) de Saussure‘s Dichotomiesde Saussure‘s Dichotomies

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Ferdinand de Saussure Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous introduced six famous „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic, developed 1906-any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic, developed 1906-1911 in his university courses in Geneva, and published 1911 in his university courses in Geneva, and published posthum as posthum as cours de linguistique générale cours de linguistique générale 1916:1916:

1.1. signifiant/signifié signifiant/signifié (signifier/signified)(signifier/signified)

2.2. arbitraire/motivéarbitraire/motivé (arbitrary/motivated)(arbitrary/motivated)

3.3. syntagme/paradigmesyntagme/paradigme (syntagm/paradigm)(syntagm/paradigm)

4.4. langue/parolelangue/parole (language/speech)(language/speech)

5.5. synchronie/diachronie synchronie/diachronie (synchrony/diachrony)(synchrony/diachrony)

6.6. lexem/shifterlexem/shifter (lexem/shifter)(lexem/shifter)

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Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:

1.1. signifiant/signifié signifiant/signifié (signifier/signified)(signifier/signified)

2.2. arbitraire/motivéarbitraire/motivé (arbitrary/motivated)(arbitrary/motivated)

3.3. syntagme/paradigmesyntagme/paradigme (syntagm/paradigm)(syntagm/paradigm)

4.4. langue/parolelangue/parole (language/speech)(language/speech)

5.5. synchronie/diachronie synchronie/diachronie (synchrony/diachrony)(synchrony/diachrony)

6.6. lexem/shifterlexem/shifter (lexem/shifter)(lexem/shifter)

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CT (contents ~signifié)CT (contents ~signifié)

SG (signification)SG (signification)

EX (expressions ~signifiant)EX (expressions ~signifiant)

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Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:

1.1. signifiant/signifié signifiant/signifié (signifier/signified)(signifier/signified)

2.2. arbitraire/motivéarbitraire/motivé (arbitrary/motivated)(arbitrary/motivated)

3.3. syntagme/paradigmesyntagme/paradigme (syntagm/paradigm)(syntagm/paradigm)

4.4. langue/parolelangue/parole (language/speech)(language/speech)

5.5. synchronie/diachronie synchronie/diachronie (synchrony/diachrony)(synchrony/diachrony)

6.6. lexem/shifterlexem/shifter (lexem/shifter)(lexem/shifter)

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LPLP

motivatedmotivated

CDCD

arbitraryarbitrary

onomatopoiesisonomatopoiesis

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Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:

1.1. signifiant/signifié signifiant/signifié (signifier/signified)(signifier/signified)

2.2. arbitraire/motivéarbitraire/motivé (arbitrary/motivated)(arbitrary/motivated)

3.3. syntagme/paradigmesyntagme/paradigme (syntagm/paradigm)(syntagm/paradigm)

4.4. langue/parolelangue/parole (language/speech)(language/speech)

5.5. synchronie/diachronie synchronie/diachronie (synchrony/diachrony)(synchrony/diachrony)

6.6. lexem/shifterlexem/shifter (lexem/shifter)(lexem/shifter)

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syntagmatic axissyntagmatic axis

paradigmatic axisparadigmatic axis

Roman Jakobson‘s Roman Jakobson‘s poetical functionpoetical function: project paradigmatic axis onto syntagmatic axis: project paradigmatic axis onto syntagmatic axis

aa bb a‘a‘ b‘b‘

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Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:

1.1. signifiant/signifié signifiant/signifié (signifier/signified)(signifier/signified)

2.2. arbitraire/motivéarbitraire/motivé (arbitrary/motivated)(arbitrary/motivated)

3.3. syntagme/paradigmesyntagme/paradigme (syntagm/paradigm)(syntagm/paradigm)

4.4. langue/parolelangue/parole (language/speech)(language/speech)

5.5. synchronie/diachronie synchronie/diachronie (synchrony/diachrony)(synchrony/diachrony)

6.6. lexem/shifterlexem/shifter (lexem/shifter)(lexem/shifter)

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TT S S D D TT cadence „formula“cadence „formula“languagelanguage

speechspeech

my piecemy piece

your pieceyour piece

her pieceher piece

individual realizationindividual realizationusage of formulausage of formula

your personal variant!your personal variant!

the system!the system!

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PythagorasPythagoras

monochordmonochord

tetractystetractys

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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe on Bach‘s music (letter to Carl on Bach‘s music (letter to Carl Friedrich Zelter):Friedrich Zelter):

I said this to myself: „As if the I said this to myself: „As if the eternal harmony would have a eternal harmony would have a conversation with itself, like conversation with itself, like what could have happened in what could have happened in God‘s chest before the world‘s God‘s chest before the world‘s creation—in such a way my creation—in such a way my interior was also agitated, and interior was also agitated, and I felt as if I would not have or I felt as if I would not have or need ears, and the least eyes or need ears, and the least eyes or other senses.other senses.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe on Bach‘s music (letter to Carl on Bach‘s music (letter to Carl Friedrich Zelter):Friedrich Zelter):

I said this to myself: „As if the I said this to myself: „As if the eternal harmony would have a eternal harmony would have a conversation with itself, like conversation with itself, like what could have happened in what could have happened in God‘s chest before the world‘s God‘s chest before the world‘s creation—in such a way my creation—in such a way my interior was also agitated, and interior was also agitated, and I felt as if I would not have or I felt as if I would not have or need ears, and the least eyes or need ears, and the least eyes or other senses.other senses.

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op. 23.5 (1920-23)

Arnold SchönbergArnold Schönbergonsetonset

pit

chp

itch

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Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:

1.1. signifiant/signifié signifiant/signifié (signifier/signified)(signifier/signified)

2.2. arbitraire/motivéarbitraire/motivé (arbitrary/motivated)(arbitrary/motivated)

3.3. syntagme/paradigmesyntagme/paradigme (syntagm/paradigm)(syntagm/paradigm)

4.4. langue/parolelangue/parole (language/speech)(language/speech)

5.5. synchronie/diachronie synchronie/diachronie (synchrony/diachrony)(synchrony/diachrony)

6.6. lexem/shifterlexem/shifter (lexem/shifter)(lexem/shifter)

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ar A semiotic is a system that evolves in A semiotic is a system that evolves in timetime and is distributed in and is distributed in spacespace::

historyhistory

culturescultures

EuropeEuropeIndiaIndia AmericaAmericaAsiaAsia

50‘000 years ago: music appears50‘000 years ago: music appears

2‘500 years ago: Pythagoras2‘500 years ago: Pythagoras

300 years ago: J.S. Bach300 years ago: J.S. Bach

20 years ago: Alanis Morissette20 years ago: Alanis Morissette

synchronic axissynchronic axis

diac

hron

ic a

xis

diac

hron

ic a

xis

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Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous Ferdinand de Saussure introduced six famous „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of „dichotomies“ describing the finer anatomy of any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:any, not necessarily linguistic, semiotic:

1.1. signifiant/signifié signifiant/signifié (signifier/signified)(signifier/signified)

2.2. arbitraire/motivéarbitraire/motivé (arbitrary/motivated)(arbitrary/motivated)

3.3. syntagme/paradigmesyntagme/paradigme (syntagm/paradigm)(syntagm/paradigm)

4.4. langue/parolelangue/parole (language/speech)(language/speech)

5.5. synchronie/diachronie synchronie/diachronie (synchrony/diachrony)(synchrony/diachrony)

6.6. lexem/shifterlexem/shifter (lexem/shifter)(lexem/shifter)

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performanceperformance

symbolicsymbolic physicalphysical

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M.C. Escher:M.C. Escher:BalconyBalcony

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Sergiu CelibidacheSergiu Celibidache

Faure - Requiem - Rehearsal - London Symphony Orchestra (BBC 1983)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BAsS5SmiNU