Udine, 25 June 2014

Improving small scale combustion systems for better air quality Results from the project Stove Testing 2020

Wilhelm Moser, Stefan Aigenbauer, Gabriel Reichert, Christoph Schmidl

Introduction Bioenergy2020+ (former Austrian Bioenergy & Renet Austria) ■  Cooperative Research and development with almost 100 scientists: Energy from biomass

■  Resources, combustion systems and technical energy systems

■  Technological projects like BioCat

■  Serving industry ■  Stoves with improved combustion and with catalysts

■  Branch projects “New Stoves 2020”

■  Including industry, associations, legal bodies ■  Measures to implement best possible technology

■  Wilhelm Moser: Chemical Engineer

■  BIOTHEG – Thermoelectrics for micro-CHP ■  e.g. projects BioHeatLABEL, Stove Testing 2020

Udine, 25 June 2014

Termica da biomasse – qualità dell’aria

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Background

■  Log-wood stoves important for ■  Established markets – stock and sales ■  Ecological issues – emissions and EU 20-20-20 targets

Outcome from “New stoves 2020”: ■  Current standard for type testing limited:

■  Testing reflects best possible operation ■  Real life operating conditions missing ■  No differentiation of product quality

=> Development of a new test method necessary

Udine, 25 June 2014

Termica da biomasse – qualità dell’aria

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Objectives

Udine, 25 June 2014

Termica da biomasse – qualità dell’aria

■  Final test method “Stove Testing 2020” ■  Results of a Round-Robin Test in the lab

■  Comparison lab & field

Real life relevance Reproducibility

Quality criteria Quality assurance

Better than current standard

Clear procedure and operation

Challenge & stimulus

Stove, testing, documentation

Development of a NEW TYPE TEST METHOD for firewood

roomheaters (EN 13240) focusing on real life operation

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Proposal of new test method – comparison to EN 13240

Udine, 25 June 2014

Termica da biomasse – qualità dell’aria

■  Five batches including “cold” ignition

■  PM measurement during total batches 1, 3 and 5

■  batch is terminated according CO2 content

■  Water content 8-16 w.-% ■  daily test result by a

web-based calculation

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Standardized Quick User Guide

Udine, 25 June 2014

Termica da biomasse – qualità dell’aria

■  Manufacturer defines per template: ■  Preparations ■  Mode of ignition ■  Mass and number of pieces per

batch ■  Adjustments of damper settings

for combustion air supply ■  Obligatory numbers for testing ■  Qualitative information for end-

user

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Evaluation of Reproducibility – example

Wood and operator cause differences between institutes Udine, 25 June 2014

Termica da biomasse – qualità dell’aria

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Stove 3

1 day institute A, 3 days institute B, 3 days institute C

Real life relevance – example

Udine, 25 June 2014

Termica da biomasse – qualità dell’aria

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■  Stove 1

■  Stove 2

■  Stove 3

Real Life Factor ST 2020 (Technikum) to field day

0,8 / 1,1 / 1,7 Best field batch to EN13240:

1,5 / 2,0 / 3,5

Technikum (n=7)

Feld (n=3)

bester Abbrand im Feld

nach EN13240

Ofen 1 2966 4972 2535 1250

0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.000 9.000

CO

in m

g/N

m3

13%

O2

Technikum (n=7) Feld (n=3)

bester Abbrand im Feld

nach EN13240

Ofen 3 2909 3086 2527 724

0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.000 9.000

CO

in m

g/N

m3

13%

O2

Technikum (n=7) Feld (n=3)

bester Abbrand im Feld

nach EN13240

Ofen 2 2350 1952 1279 875

0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.000 9.000

CO

in m

g/N

m3

13%

O2

Real life relevance

Udine, 25 June 2014

Termica da biomasse – qualità dell’aria

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Average real life factors for

Field day to ST2020

Best field batch to EN13240

CO 1,2 2,3 OGC 1,5 2,4 NOX 0,9 1,0 Dust 2,0 2,8 Efficiency 0,90 0,81

Reasons for factors unequal to 1: ■  Properties of wood, operator, draught conditions,

appliance influence, systematic deviations between field and lab

Summary and Conclusion

■  A new type test method for firewood roomheaters ■  Round-Robin Test with sufficiently reproducible test results

■  Method is closer to real life performance than the EN13240

■  A significant impact of user behavior is still obvious

Ø  Advanced testing methods will lead technological developments towards low emissions and high efficiency in real life operation

Ø  Further measures should enable and support correct user operation

Ø  The results of the project “Stove Testing 2020” are promising, but before a widespread implementation of the ST2020 test method further measurements are necessary

Udine, 25 June 2014

Termica da biomasse – qualità dell’aria

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Outlook

Udine, 25 June 2014

Termica da biomasse – qualità dell’aria

■  The idea of the „Stove Testing 2020“ project was the basement for a new European project started in October 2013:

„beReal – Advanced Testing Methods for better Real Life Performance of Biomass Room Heating Appliances“

■  EN 13240 – Roomheaters ■  EN 13229 – Insets, open fireplaces ■  EN 14785 – Pellet roomheaters

■  Homepage: www.bereal-project.eu

Current findings, public reports, newsletter &

contact possibility for contributions or opinions

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Aknowledgement

Udine, 25 June 2014

Termica da biomasse – qualità dell’aria

The study was done in the project “Stove Testing 2020” that was financial supported by the Austrian Climate and Energy Fund in the frame of the “New Energy Projects” of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG project 834 639).

■  Company partners ■  Scientific partners

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Udine, 25 June 2014

Improving small scale combustion systems for better air quality Results from the project Stove Testing 2020

Wilhelm Moser, Stefan Aigenbauer, Gabriel Reichert, Christoph Schmidl