Fisica NucleareSilvia Lenzi, 20 aprile 2006 1 Commissione Nazionale III Fisica Nucleare Presidente:...

1Silvia Lenzi, 20 aprile 2006

Commissione Nazionale IIIFisica Nucleare

Presidente: Angela Bracco, Univ. di Milano e INFN

Vito Lenti Bari Fabiana Gramegna LNL

Mauro Bruno Bologna Rosa Alba LNS

Alberto Masoni Cagliari Benedicte Million Milano

Giuseppe Cardella Catania Elio Rosato Napoli

Giuseppe Ciullo Ferrara Giovanna Montagnoli Padova

Giovanni Casini Firenze Alessandro Braghieri Pavia

Marco Battaglieri Genova Guido Maria Urciuoli Roma 1

Pasquale Di Nezza LNF Dario Moricciani Roma 2

Alessandro Feliciello Torino Paolo Maria Milazzo Trieste


Gli esperimenti sono raggruppati in 4 settori di ricerca

Linea 1 : Dinamica dei quarks e degli adroni: Fisica dello spin del nucleone, Risonanze del nucleone, Effetti del mezzo nucleare, spettroscopia di ipernuclei, atomi kaonici.

Linea 2 : Transizioni di fase nella materia nucleare e adronica:Transizioni di fase liquido-vapore ed equazione di stato della materia nucleare, Chiral symmetry restoration, deconfinamento dei quarks, transizione di fase quark-gluon plasma.

Linea 3 : Struttura nucleare e dinamica delle reazioni: Meccanismi di reazione di fusione e fissione, produzione e studio di nuclei esotici lontani dalla valle di stabilità, struttura dei nuclei a partire dalla spettroscopia gamma, fasci di ioni radioattivi.

Linea 4 : Astrofisica nucleare e ricerca interdisciplinare: Misura di sezioni d’urto molto basse di interesse astrofisico, evoluzione delle stelle, catena pp, ciclo CNO, misure di sezione d-urto neutroniche di interesse applicativo e astrofisico, produzione e studio di atomi di anti-idrogeno.

La ricerca


I Ricercatori

Linea di ricerca Ricercatori equivalenti Esperimenti

Fondi agli esperimenti

(%)

Ricercatori (%)

Dinamica dei quark e degli adroni 124,5 11,0 26,2 25,3

Transizioni di fase nella materia nucleare

177,4 5,0 49,8 36,0

Struttura nucleare e dinamica delle reazioni

133,3 8,0 17,3 27,1

Astrofisica nucleare e ricerche interdisciplinari

57,2 6 6,7 11,6

totale 492,3 30,0 100,0 100,0

Totale ricercatori: ~ 60060 dottorandi (15 hanno conseguito il titolo nel 2005)106 fra assegnisti e borsisti circa il 38% dei ricercatori dipende dall’Università

Distribuzione dei ricercatori e delle risorse per linea di ricerca (2005)


I Prodotti della ricerca

Nel 2005 gli esperimenti approvati sono stati 30 di cui 3 nuovi.

Tutti gli esperimenti sono seguiti da referees, interni ed esterni alla Commissione

Nel 2005 è stato raggiunto 75% circa delle milestones

E’ stato prodotto un totale di 194 pubblicazioni su riviste internazionali e 292 presentazioni a conferenze internazionali da parte dei ricercatori italiani.


Assegnazioni (k€)

Sub-Judice(k€)

TOTALE (k€)

Missioni Interne 1596,5 399 1995,5

Missioni Estere 4055,5 244,5 4300

Consumo 2843 466,5 3309,5

Seminari 91,5 91,5

Trasporti 133,5 20 153,5

Pubblicazioni 62 62

Manutenzioni 16,5 16,5

Inventario 1925 499 2424

Apparati 589,5 458 1047,5

TOTALE 11313 2087 13400

divisione percentuale delle assegnazioni per capitoli di spesa

Le assegnazioni 2006

Assegnazioni (k€)

25%

17%

5%14%

36%

Missione InterneMissione EstereConsumoSeminariTrasporti

PubblicazioniManutenzioniInventarioApparati

TOTALE 13400 kEuro• esperimenti 10479,5 k€• dotazione sedi 2088,0 k€• fondo indiviso 832,5 k€


FTE e assegnazioni 2006

29,9 32,436,1

40,5

23,319,4

10,77,7

0,05,0

10,015,020,025,030,035,040,045,0

Linea 1 Linea 2 Linea 3 Linea 4

Ripartizione dei finanziamenti e degli FTE fra le diverse linee di ricerca

FTE (%)

Finanziamenti 2006 (%)

Linea 1 : dinamica dei quarks e degli adroniLinea 2 : transizioni di fase nella materia nucleare e adronicaLinea 3 : struttura nucleare e dinamica delle reazioni Linea 4 : astrofisica nucleare e ricerca interdisciplinare


ESPER. Respons. Attivita’ Laborat. Sezioni FTE Budget’06 (kE)

AIACEP.RossiM. Ripani

Ricerca pentaquark, struttura del nucleone (fasci di e- e fotoni)

JLAB (Virg.)CEBAF

GELNF

9.2 266

ASACUSANUOVO

E. Lodi Rizzini

Sezioni d’urto dell’annichilazione antiprotone-nucleo (keV-MeV) CERN BS 5.8 24 (39)

CTT P. Pedroni Fotoproduzione dei mesoni in nuclei di masse medio-pesanti MAMI (Mainz) PV 4.6 48 (30)

FINUDA T. Bressani Decad. di ipernuclei e di stati prof. legati, comp. quark strani nei nuclei

LNF:DAΦNE

BA BO LNFPV TO TS 29.9 707 (330)

GRAAL C. Schaerf Fotoprod. e decad. di stati eccitati del nucleone con fasci gamma polarizz.

GrenobleBrookhaven

CT GE ISS LNF RM2 TO

27.7 421 (15)

HERMESS. FrullaniN. Bianchi

Funzioni di trasversalità e quantità di moto dei quarks nei nucleoni. Spin

DESY(Hamb.) HERA

BA FI ISS LNF 24.2 568 (16)

LEDA > F. Garibaldi Violazione parità nella diffusione di elettroni, ipernuclei C, Be, O

JLAB (Virg.)CEBAF

BA ISS 4.6 165 (3)

PAINUC > G. Piragino Interazioni elastiche e inelastiche tra pioni e nuclei leggeri JINR (Dubna) AL BS TO 6.9 25 (15)

PANDANUOVO

P. Gianotti Charmonium spectr., Charm in Nuclei, spectr. di ipernuclei doppio-lambda GSI(FAIR)

CT FE GELNF PV TS TO

14.4 292 (112)

PAX-DTZ P. Lenisa Polarized antiproton experiments GSI (COSY) FE 3.1 85 (25)

SIDDHARTAC. GuaraldoC. Petrascu

atomi kaonici ed effetto dell’interazione forte sull’energia e sulla larghezza dei raggi X

LNF DaΦNE LNF MI 8.2 208

Linea 1 : dinamica dei quarks e degli adroni


Linea 2 : transizioni di fase nella materia nucleare

Esperim. Respons. Attivita’ Laborat. Sezioni FTE Budget ’06 (kE)

ALICE E. Nappi

Fisica della materia fortemente interagente e del quark-gluon plasma in collisioni nucleo-nucleo al LHC

CERNLHC

AL BA BO CA CT LNLPD RM1 SA TO TS UD

134.8 2938 (539)

FRIBS > G. RacitiProduzione di tagged RIB ad energie intermedie, decad. di-protone 18Ne

LNS (CS) CT 2.5 17

HADES2 P. Finocchiaro

Materia nucleare calda e densa in collisioni nucleo-nucleo, p-nucleo e pione-nucleo a 1-2A GeV

GSI (SIS)Ioni relativ.,P, π

LNS MI 5.3 61 (15)

IPER L. RamelloE.Scomparin

Soppressione J/ψ come signature del deconfinamentoquark-gluone, NA50/NA60

CERN (SPS) CA TO 6.8 27.5

ISOSPIN G. CardellaA. Pagano

CHIMERA, studio dell’equazione di stato della materia nucleare

LNS (CS) CT LNS ME MI NA 29.7 425 (233)


Esperim. Respons. Attivita’ Laborat. Sezioni FTEBudget’06 (kE)

EXOTIC M. Romoli Struttura e meccanismi di reazione di nuclei debolmente legati. (17F)

LNLRIKEN GANIL

MI NA PD UD 9.6 107 (61)

95 (28)

807 (330)

82 (45)

105 (25)

180 (51)

97 (20)

FIESTA > E. Verdaci

Dinamica di fissione in sist. di massa interm., eff. dell’isospin nella densitàdei livelli, eff. del c. d’ingresso nella formazione dei superpesanti, 8πLP

LNL JYFL FI LNL NA 5

GAMMA D. BazzaccoA. Gadea

Spettroscopia gamma di nuclei lontani dalla valle di stabilità. Costruzione dello spettr. AGATA

LNL, GSIGANIL

FI GE LNL MI NA PD PG 48.7

MAGN-EXP A. Cunsolo

Costruzione di uno spettr. magnetico di grande accett. in momento e angolo e alta risoluzione in massa e momento per nucl. esotici.

LNS LNS CT MI 12.1

N2P D. Fabris Reazioni con produzione di neutroni LNL LNSTAMU LNL PD PV 8.4

NUCL-EX M. BrunoAspetti termod. di sist. caldi ed eccitati formati in collisioni centrali tra ioni pesanti, GDR, GARFIELD

LNL LNSGANIL

BO FI LNLMI NA TS 23.2

PRISMA2 A. StefaniniCostruzione ed uso di uno spettrometro magnetico di grande angolo solido e accett. in momento.

LNL LNL NA PD TO 8.8

Linea 3 : struttura nucleare e dinamica delle reazioni


Linea 4 : astrofisica nucleare e ricerca interdisciplinare

Esperim. Respons. Attivita’ Laborat. Sezioni FTEBudget’06 (kE)

ASFIN2 C.SpilateriSezioni d’urto di interesse astrofisicocon metodi indiretti

LNS, BOCHUM LNS 10 79 (19)

ATHENA G. Testera Spectroscopia dell’anti-idrogeno, confinamento (RI) CERN FI GE MI

PV 13.3 69 (40)

ERNA L. Gialanella

Misura della sezione d’urto totale della reazione 12C(alpha,gamma)16O nel energy range Ecm = 0.7 - 5.0 MeV

BOCHUM NA 4.7 30 (30)

LUNA2 C. Broggini Sezione d’urto di fusione fino all’energia della nucleo-sintesi dentro le stelle

LNGSBOCHUM

GE LNGS MI NA PD TO 13 285 (25)

n_TOF N. ColonnaSezione d’urto neutroniche rilevanti per l’astrofisica nucleare e per l’incenerimento delle scorie nucleari

CERN BA BO LNLTS 8.2 116 (50)

VIPnuovo

C. PetrascuMiglioramento del limite di corrente nella violazione del Principio di Pauli per elettroni. Costruzione apparato.

LNGS LNF TS 3.9 60


Collaborazione con teorici italiani

PANDA: Radici (PV)PAX: Anselmino (TO), Drago (FE)HERMES: Drago (FE), Radici (PV)FINUDA: LentiALICE, IPER: Becattini, MaianiLINEA 3 e LINEA 4: CT, MI, PD, PI, TO

Richiesta di collaborazione teorica per lo studio degli ipernuclei


IL Futuro: 2007-2012

Attivita’ nuove(priorita’ basate anche sulla maturita’ del progetto e tempistica)

AGATA (rivelazione gamma- struttura nucleare) PANDA (fisica con antiprotoni a partire dal 2010)LUNA (nuovo acceleratore dedicato a LNGS)Tempi piu’ lunghi PAX (polarized anti-proton experiments)

Laboratori nazionaliSPES a LNL: Fasci radioattivi (A>60) struttura

nucleare. Costo: 18 (avuti) + 25 richiesti MEuroDANAE a LNF : Fattori di forma + deeply bound

states. Costo: 40 MEuroUpgrade di EXCYT (RIB con A<60) per astrofisica e

reazioni per equazioni di stato. Costo: 30-35 MEuro


CSN - III previsioni budget (KEuro)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Esp-esistenti

CSN - III previsioni budget (KEuro)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Esp-esistenti

CSN - III previsioni budget (kEuro)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

nuovo

espesistenti

CSN - III previsioni budget (kEuro)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

nuovo

espesistenti

28,6

28,3

16,015,6

28,631,9

19,624,0

27,731,9

21,8

42,1

28,131,4

21,7

37,7 36,432,2

22,619,3

0

10

20

30

40

50

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Resources/FTE in kEuro (esistente+nuovo)LINEA 1LINEA 2LINEA 3LINEA 4

28,6

28,3

16,015,6

28,631,9

19,624,0

27,731,9

21,8

42,1

28,131,4

21,7

37,7 36,432,2

22,619,3

0

10

20

30

40

50

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Resources/FTE in kEuro (esistente+nuovo)LINEA 1LINEA 2LINEA 3LINEA 4

Linea 1 : dinamica dei quarks e degli adroni (121 FTE)

Linea 2 : transizioni di fase(179 FTE)

Linea 3 : struttura nucleare e dinamica delle reazioni (136 FTE)

Line 4 : astrofisica nucleare(54 FTE)

490 FTE in totale

Previsioni di spesa fino al 2010


Spettroscopia gamma (AGATA)Dimostratore

(5 triple-clusters)Dimostratore

(5 triple-clusters)1π Array

(15 triple-clusters)1π Array

(15 triple-clusters)

ACQ + on line PSA + γ-ray trackingCollab. Europeaa LNL nel 2007 e 2008accoppiato a PRISMA

ACQ + on line PSA + γ-ray trackingCollab. Europeaa LNL nel 2007 e 2008accoppiato a PRISMA

Il primo “tracking array”Accelatori: SPIRAL2, SPES, HI Stable, FAIR1π in operazione dal 2010Accoppiato a rivelatori ancillariAGATA a 4 π nel 2018

Il primo “tracking array”Accelatori: SPIRAL2, SPES, HI Stable, FAIR1π in operazione dal 2010AccoppiatoAccoppiato a a rivelatoririvelatori ancillariancillariAGATA a 4 π nel 2018

γ Struttura nucleareStruttura nuclearein nuclei esotici in nuclei esotici utilizzando reazioni utilizzando reazioni di diverso tipo di diverso tipo

ProprietaProprieta’’ didiparticella singolaparticella singola

ProprietaProprieta’’collettive, forme, collettive, forme, simmetriesimmetrie

(10 MEuro)


SPES a SPES a LNLLNLP

roto

n

Neutron

Produzione di fasci radioattivi di seconda generazione con la tecnica ISOL

Nuclei ricchi di neutroni con A = 60-1601012-13 fissioni, 108 pps di 132Sn

Studio della struttura nucleare di nuclei instabili presenti nelle stelle

nucleosintesinelle supernovae

abundance r-process waiting points nuclei

proton drip-line

neutron drip-lin

e

r-Proces

s

rp-Pro

cess

Nuova struttura a shell

Terra Incognita


FACILITIES per la produzione fasci radioattivi col metodo ISOL

104-105 p/s104-105 p/s 106-107 p/s106-107 p/s 108-109 p/s108-109 p/s 1011 p/s1011 p/s

Pochi kWPochi kW 10-20kW10-20kW 100-200kW100-200kW 5 MW5 MW

EXCYT,TRIUMFGANIL,ORNL,REX-ISOLDE

LOUVAIN

upgrading

SPESp-driverfissione

con p

SPIRAL2d-driverfissione

con n

NETWORKING di Facilities RegionaliComplementari (LNL e GANIL)

NETWORKING di Facilities RegionaliComplementari (LNL e GANIL)

Sviluppo tecnologia

2010-15>2015>2015

20062006

GSI, Tecnica frammentazione

proiettile>2012-2013

GSI, Tecnica frammentazione

proiettile>2012-2013


DANAE (DAΦNE2) a LNF

• Fisica del K• Fattori di forma del

nucleone• Deeply bound states• Light source• Total cross section

• Fisica del K• Fattori di forma del

nucleone• Deeply bound states• Light source• Total cross section

Programma scientifico

Di interesse per la Di interesse per la fisica Nucleare fisica Nucleare

DAΦNE finisce nel 2010

(DAΦne New with Adjustable Energy)


UNILACSIS

FRS

ESR

100 m

SIS 100/300

HESRSuperFRS

NESR

CR

GSI Future GSI Future FacilityFacility

p Target

PANDAProduction rate 2x107/secPbeam = 1 - 15 GeV/cNstored = 5x1010 pInternal Target

•Lumin. = 1032 cm-2 s-1

Alta risoluzionedp/p ~ 10-5 (electron cooling)Lumin. = 1031 cm-2 s-1

ipernucleiipernucleiEccitazioniEccitazionigluonichegluoniche

Spettroscopia delSpettroscopia delCharmonio ad alta Charmonio ad alta risoluzionerisoluzione


FUTURO EXP. LUNA: spiegare l’ abbondanza di C e O

C e O dopo H e 4He sono gli elementi piu’ abbondanti

C e O dopo H e 4He sono gli elementi piu’ abbondanti

12C e’ distrutto da 12C(α,γ)16O

12C e’ distrutto da 12C(α,γ)16O

12C e’ prodottoda 3α

12C e’ prodottoda 3α

Abbondanzeelementi

La reazione e’ stata studiata fino a 1 MeVPer studiare questa reazione a 500 keV(picco di Gamow a 300 keV)

Nuovo Acceleratore di 3-4 MeV(anche per altre reazioni)


EXCYT2

COSTO: circa 30-35 MEuro


GRAALExperiment Location:Graal beam at the ESRF(Grenoble, France) and LEGS beam at the NSLS (Brookhaven, USA): polarized and tagged gamma rays. Status:UpgradingData takingFirst year of experiment financing: 1990 Experiment duration (years): 15 National INFN Responsible: C. SCHAERF1. Goal of the ExperimentThe objective of the Graal collaboration is the study of the photo-production and decay of the excited states of the

nucleon in the energy region from threshold to 1560 MeV with a polarized and tagged gamma-ray beam. The beam is produced by the backward Compton scattering of laser light against the high-energy electrons circulating in a storage ring. The Graal facility (Eg=550-1560 MeV) uses the 6.04 GeV electrons of the ESRF storage ring in Grenoble. The LEGS facility (Eg=180-470 MeV) uses the 2.8 GeV electrons of the NSLS storage ring in Brookhaven.

The Graal detector consists of a BGO crystal ball plus scintillation counters and multi-wire proportional chambers.

2. Physics activities during 2004During 2004 the main Graal activity has been the analysis of the data on the photoproduction of pi-zero and eta on the

neutron. The interesting result is the comparison of the data on the free proton with those on the proton bound in a deuteron and the comparison of the data on the bound protons nad the bound neutrons. The preliminary results have been shown to several conferences.

Another interesting result is the analysis of many years of Graal gamma-ray spectra to set an upper limit on the anysotropy of the velocity of light with respect to the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Dipole. The quality and reproducibility of the Graal gamma ray spectrum has allowed us to set an upper limit : Deltac/c < 3 10^-12. This value is three orders of magnitude better than the one reachable from measurements involving space probes (including the Cassini probe).

The LEGS experiment has installed the first longitudinally polarized HD target on the circularly polarized gamma-ray beam performing the first double polarization data collection. The group is now getting ready for the next data-collection period. The life-time of the polarization, at a temperature of 250 mK, has been estimated of the order of 81 days allowing extended measurements

4. Publication in refereed journals: 25. Conference talks: 56. Number of undergraduate and doctoral thesis on the experiment: 4

mailto:[email protected]


FINUDAExperiment Location:LNF DAΦNE, kaons from Φ decay

Status: Upgrading Data takingFirst year of experiment financing: 1992 Experiment duration (years): 14 National INFN Responsible: T. BRESSANI 1. Goal of the ExperimentStudy of the production and decay of single Λ-Hypernuclei. The Λ-Hypernuclei will be produced by stopping the low-

energy (~ 16 MeV) K⁻ from Φ decay at DAΦNE in very thin nuclear targets. A high-acceptance (> 2π sr) magnetic spectrometer will be used to perform spectroscopy of Λ-Hypernuclei, with emphasis on the spin-orbit splitting of different single particle states, and, mainly, a precise and systematic study of the non-mesonic decay of Λ-Hypernuclei, which is the only source of information about the four baryon weak process Λ + N -> N + N.

2. Physics activities during 2004The Collaboration ended the first data taking period in March 2004. The spectrometer roll-out was completed in April

2004. A strong effort on sub-detectors calibration and alignment was immediately started, as well as the analysis of some selected physics topics. First results on spectroscopy, rare two-body weak decays and evidence for deeply bound K- nucleus states were obtained and presented to several international conferences and workshops. An improvement of the DAQ system performance (acquisition rate increase by a factor 4) has been done.

3. INFN contribution to the experiment in terms of manpower and financial supportManpower 2004 : 5.22% of the CSN III experiments total FTE (including technologists). Budget 2004 : 6.87% of the

CSN III experiments total budget. FTE : 24 Researchers : 44

4. Publication in refereed journals: 1 5. Conference talks: 14 6. Number of undergraduate and doctoral thesis on the experiment: 3



HERMESExperiment Location: DESY Hamburg (D), polarized electrons/positrons of 27.5 GeVStatus: Upgrading Data takingFirst year of experiment financing: 1993 Experiment duration (years): 17 1. Goal of the ExperimentHERMES (HERa Measurement of Spin) is an experiment underway at DESY to study the spin structure of the nucleon

by using polarized internal gas targets in the HERA 27.5 GeV polarized electron (positron) storage ring. Inclusive, semi-inclusive and exclusive spin dependent deep inelastic scattering are simultaneously measured in a forward spectrometer.

2. Physics activities during 2004Data taking with transversely polarized Hydrogen target

(approximately two thirds of statistics has been acquired). Data taking with unpolarized Deuterium, Kripton and Xenon targets. Construction and beam test of the Photon Detector of the Recoil Detector. Realization of optical couplers for fibersof the Recoil Detector. Installation of the Photon Detector in the Recoil Detector. Construction and substitution of target cells. Production and data analysis of the target. Production of Montecarlo data. Analysis of the new data with transverse target. Analysis of data on the beam spin azimutal asymmetries, on the exclusive elettroproduction of pions, on the modification of the fragmentation functions in the nuclear medium, on the production of two hadrons in nuclei, on the longitudinal structure function g1, on the structure function b1 of deuterium, on fit of QCD. Data analysis on the polarization and the atomic fraction of the polarized targets. Phenomenology of the quark-hadron duality, of the partonic transverse distrubutions, of the time-odd fragmentation functions, of the rescaling of the fragmentation functions in the nuclear medium. Many article drafting and publication.





AIACEExperiment Location:TJNAF (USA), 6 GeV electrons and photons on polarize protons

Status: Upgrading Data takingFirst year of experiment financing: 1991Experiment duration (years): 15

1. Goal of the Experiment- Elementary and nuclear excitation of N* resonances.- Search for exotic mesons and baryons- Spin structure functions of the nucleon.- Inclusive electron scattering on nucleon and nuclei.- Elementary and nuclear hyperon production and decays.- Structure of few-body systems (three-quark and few-nucleon systems).- Nuclear medium effects (modification of the nucleon properties, correlation).At the present CLAS collaboration counts about 140 physicists from 35 Institutions from seven countries.

2. Physics activities during 2004- Installation and commissioning of the new start counter apparatus for photon runs- Construction and characterization of mirrors for the new Cherenkov counter for the GDH sum rule at low momentum

transfer.- Data taking with electrons and photons on hydrogen, deuteron and nuclei, in particular organization and

supervision of data taking, calibration and development of software reconstrunction for the new runs dedicated to the pentaquark search#

3. INFN contribution to the experiment in terms of manpower and financial supportManpower 2004 : 2.26% of the CSN III experiments total FTE (including technologists).Budget 2004 : 3.38% of the CSN III experiments total budget.FTE : 10Researchers : 15 4. Publication in refereed journals: 115. Conference talks: 266. Number of undergraduate and doctoral thesis on the experiment: 0


ALICEStatus:CostructionFirst year of experiment financing: 1997 Experiment duration (years): 20 National INFN Responsible: Eugenio Nappi

1. Goal of the ExperimentALICE is a general-purpose heavy-ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the

quark-gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC. The ALICE collaboration currently includes more than 900 physicists and senior engineers - both from nuclear and high-energy physics - from about 80 institutions in 30 countries. The detector is designed to cope with the highest particle multiplicities anticipated for Pb-Pb reactions (dNch/dy up to 8000) and it will be operational at the start-up of the LHC. In addition to heavy systems, the ALICE Collaboration will study collisions of lower-mass ions, which are a means of varying the energy density, and protons (both pp and p-nucleus), which provide reference data for the nucleus-nucleus collisions. ALICE consists of a central part, which measures event-by-event hadrons, electrons and photons, and of a forward spectrometer to measure muons. The central part, which covers polar angles from 45° to 135° over the full azimuth, is embedded in the large L3 solenoidal magnet. It consists of an inner tracking system (ITS) of high-resolution silicon detectors, a cylindrical TPC, three particle identification arrays of Time-of-Flight (TOF), Ring Imaging Cherenkov (HMPID) and Transition Radiation (TRD) detectors and a single-arm electromagnetic calorimeter (PHOS). The forward muon arm (2°-9°) consists of a complex arrangement of absorbers, a large dipole magnet, and fourteen planes of tracking and triggering chambers. Several smaller detectors (ZDC, PMD, FMD, T0, V0) for global event characterization and triggering are located at forward angles. An array of scintillators (ACCORDE) on top of the L3 magnet will be used to trigger on cosmic rays. The experiment has been approved in February of 1997. The final design of the different detector systems have been laid down in Technical Design Reports (TDR) since mid 1998; the last detector TDR for the forward trigger detectors (FMD/T0/V0) has been submitted end 2004.


CSN III experiments total budget. FTE : 127 Researchers : 202 *




ASFIN2Experiment Location:LNS Catania (Italy), Cyclotron of the Nuclear Physics Institute Prague (Czech Republic), Texas A&M Cyclotron (USA).

Light Ions Status: Construction Upgrading Data takingFirst year of experiment financing: 1997 Experiment duration (years): 8 National INFN Responsible: C. SPITALERI 1. Goal of the ExperimentThe goal of the ASFIN experiment is to measure astrophysical relevant two-body cross sections by using indirect

method (Trojan-Horse Method). In particular the method will be applied to measure charged particle cross section at very low energies.

2. Physics activities during 2004Misure preliminari per lo studio del meccanismo di reazione quasi libero per la reazione 15N+2H-->4He+12C+n

Elab=30-35 MeV Texas - Stati Uniti30-09-2004 Misura 6Li+3He-->4He+4He+p Elab=22-30 MeV Ciclotrone Praga31-12-2004 Misura 8Li+4He-->11B+n presso i LNS qualora il fascio di 8Li sia disponibile almeno dal mese di ottobre30-11-2004 Completamento apparato sperimentale con dispositivo per la rivelazione particelle cariche30-03-2004 Misura 3He+6Li-->7Be+d Elab=5 MeV DLT Bochum - Germania






ATHENAExperiment Location:The experiment is installed at CERN and it uses the 105 MeV/c antiproton beam delivered by AD (Antiproton Decelerator) Status:UpgradingFirst year of experiment financing: 1998 Experiment duration (years): 10 National INFN Responsible: G. TESTERA 1. Goal of the ExperimentThe long term goal of the Athena experiment is a direct comparison of the energy level of anti-hydrogen and hydrogen atoms, by using the

spectroscopic methods developed for the study of the hydrogen atom or the measurement of the Earth gravitational force on antihydrogenby using the tecniques already employed for measuring the gravity force on cold atoms. Antihydrogen spectroscopy will allow a direct test of the CPT invariance of baryons and leptons with great accuracy. The long lifetime of the metastable 2S state (122 msec) leads to a natural linewidth of 510-16 for the 1S-2S transition, o_ering in principle the possibility to compare atoms and antiatoms to a similar precision. A gravity measurement on antihydrogen will o_er the first test of the validity of the equivalence principle for antimatter. Reaching both these goals requires to produce and confine antihydrogen atoms with subkelvin temperature. The experimental project has been splitted in two parts named Athena phase 1 and phase 2. In the phase 1 the production and detection of very low energy antihydrogen atoms will be studied while during the phase 2 the confinement and the interesting physics measurement will be possible. Phase 2 will be constructed following the results of phase 1. The phase 1 apparatus is running at CERN both during the pbar machine (AD) time (usually from may to november) and even during the machine shutdown time to study all the items that do not need pbars (positron accumulation, positron transfer, electrons loading and manipulation). Basically the apparatus consists of a electromagnetic trap to catch and cool pbars by the electron cooling method, a recombination trap where positrons and pbars are merged, a positron accumulator, all the tools to manipulates and detect the plasmas stored inside the traps, the antihydrogen detector mounted around the recombination region. All the system is placed in a magnetic field and in a criogenicvacuum chamber.

2. Physics activities during 20041) Analysis of the data of the 2003 run 2) preparation of the apparatus for the 2004 run (upgrading for laser light insertion) 3) Data taking (6 months) The run has been devoted to the study of the stimulated recombination process. This is a process in which a laser light (Co2 laser) stimulated the transition form the continuos to a bound state of positron and antiprotons. The choice of the ligh frequency is such that atoms with n=11 should be formed. Then they should ecay toward the fundamental state mainly by radiative dexcitation. This process is interesting because it produces low n state, strongly bound. This measurement is particularly challenging for the technical difficulties related to the high power needed (tens of watts) inside a criogenic apparatus.

3. INFN contribution to the experiment in terms of manpower and financial supportManpower 2004 : 3.73% of the CSN III experiments total FTE (including technologists). Budget 2004 : 1.84% of the CSN III experiments total

budget. FTE : 17 Researchers : 31 * by Scientific Committee Secretariat




CTTExperiment Location:Mainz MAMI-B accelerator; tagged photon beam up to 820 MeV.

The machine upgrade that is in progress will increase the beam energy up to about 1.5 GeVStatus:Upgrading Data takingFirst year of experiment financing: 2004 Experiment duration (years): 4 National INFN Responsible: P. PEDRONI

1. Goal of the ExperimentThe goal of the CTT experiment is the study of the single and multi pion

photo-production processes, both on the free and bound nucleons, in the energy region from threshold to 1500 MeV and using a polarized and tagged gamma-ray beam and/or polarized targets.

The broad physics program that is thus accessible includes the -) study of the elementary and nuclear excitation of N* resonances -) Search for exotic mesons and baryons -) experimental check of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for the neutron -) Elementary and nuclear hyperon production and decays -) Modicications of the nucleon properties inside the nuclear medium.






SIDDHARTAStatus:CostructionFirst year of experiment financing: 2003 Experiment duration (years): 4 1. Goal of the ExperimentSIDDHARTA continues and deepen the successful scientific line of measuring exotic (kaonic) atoms at the DAFNE

accelerator, initiated by DEAR (DAFNE Exotic Atom Research Experiment), who performed the most precise measurement of the kaonic hydrogen K-complex to the present. SIDDHARTA uses the negative kaons coming from the phi-decay at DAFNE to create and measure kaonic atoms. It intends to push in the eV realm the precision of the measurement of the shift and width, with respect to the purely electromagnetic calculated values, due to the presence of the strong interaction, of the 1s level in kaonichydrogen, and to perform the first measurement ever on kaonic deuterium. These quantities are extracted from the measurement of the X-ray transitions to the 1s level, i.e. the K-complex. By performing both measurements it is possible to have, for the first time, a direct experimental evaluation of the isospin-dependent antikaon-nucleon scattering lengths (and not only a determination based on extrapolation of scattering data far-away of threshold). Further on, the scattering lengths are fundamental quantities for the QCD in non-perturbative regime, allowing to understand aspects of the chiral symmetry breaking in systems containing the strange-quark (via the determination of the so-called kaon-nucleon sigma terms). These sigma-terms are important to determine the strangeness content of the nucleon as well. Other exotic atom measurements are under evaluation: kaonic helium (related to the deeply bound kaonic nuclear states); sigmonic atoms; kaon mass via the kaonic nitrogen transitions.


CSN III experiments total budget. FTE : 7 Researchers : 12 * by Scientific Committee Secretariat



HADES2Experiment Location:GSI (Germany), 1-2A GeV ions

Status: Upgrading Data takingFirst year of experiment financing: 2001 Experiment duration (years): 6 National INFN Responsible: P. FINOCCHIARO 1. Goal of the ExperimentStudy of hot and dense nuclear matter, in nucleus-nucleus, p-nucleus and pion-nucleus collisions at 1-2A GeV energy,

exploiting the e+e- decay channel. Study of the in-medium properties of the vector mesons, in order to observe a possible partial restoration of chiral symmetry. An international collaboration has been formed that has built a very high performance dedicated spectrometer, HADES (High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer). The 23 collaborating institutions belong to 10 European countries: Germany, Italy, France, Poland, Spain, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Russia, Cyprus, Portugal.

2. Physics activities during 2004In September 2003 a commissioning (p+p) run was performed, the related data taking took place in February in 2004.

Data analysis is in progress. A C+C run at 1AGeV took place in August 2004, the data analysis is in progress. Moreover, a commissioning run with Ca+Ca was performed on February 2005. The related data taking is foreseen by September 2005.






IPER

Experiment Location:SPS CERN, 158 A GeV Pb and In ions, 20-30 GeV Pb ions, 158-400-450 GeV protons Status:UpgradingFirst year of experiment financing: 1992 Experiment duration (years): 14 National INFN Responsible: E. SCOMPARIN - L. RAMELLO 1. Goal of the ExperimentINFN label 'IPER' i.e. INFN contribution to the NA50 and NA60 experiments at the CERN SPS. The experiments study

vector meson and open charm production in Pb-Pb and In-In interactions at 158 GeV/nucleon with a dimuonspectrometer. The main goal is the investigation of the J/ψ suppression as a signature of quark and gluon deconfinement. NA50/NA60 also study the ρ, ω and Φ resonances and the production of thermal and open charm dimuons in the invariant mass region between the Φ and the J/ψ




mailto:[email protected], [email protected]


ISOSPINExperiment Location:Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS) -Catania-

Beam: 25-45 A MeV, Sn isotopes, Ni isotopes, Ca isotopes, Au, Al, C. Status:UpgradingData takingFirst year of experiment financing: 2003 Experiment duration (years): 5 National INFN Responsible: A. PAGANO (2003-2007)-G.Cardella(2005-2007) 1. Goal of the ExperimentThe ISOSPIN experiment had in charge the commissioning of the new 4pi device CHIMERA mounted on December 2002 in its complete

configuration at the LNS in Catania. Consequently, it started the scientific program by submitting the first experiments based on Snprojectiles induced reactions at the beam energy of 25MeV/nucleon and 35MeV/nucleon. The aim of the experiment is to explore thebehavior of highly excited nuclear matter produced in energetic heavy ion collisions at Fermi energies ( around 50MeV/nucleon). The main goal is to search for liquid-gas phase transition in multifragmentation process in an energy domain where a strong competitions between dynamical and statistical production of intermediate mass fragments (IMF) exists. In particular, the role of isospin degree of freedom in the Nuclear Equation of State (EOS) is studied using different combination of beams and targets with different isotopic ratio. The good isotopic identification of the detected IMF is the unique probe to explore isoscaling and asymmetry term of EOS. The ISOSPIN experiment includes also the investigation of the REVERSE campaign (1999-2001), performed with the forward part (1°-30°) of the CHIMERA detector, and it extends the scientific program of REVERSE. Besides the reaction studies, R&D researches in the field of Pulse Shape and digital acquisition signals are performed also in collaboration with different European and USA institutions. The good quality of the CHIMERA detector attracted much attention of the scientific community and many other experiments, proposed by the international collaboration and approved by the LNS PAC (SEMIPERIPHERAL, LIMITING, ALPHACLUSTER, THERMO, CECIL, ISO-EOS, MIDVELOCITY, DIPROTON,DISSIPATION), were realized in 2003 and 2004 or they have to be realized in 2005(THERMOII,TREQIS). Improvements of the Charge and Isotopic identification of CHIMERA device have been envisaged by performing a pulse shape discrimination technique in the Si detector (2005-2006 CHIMERAPS upgrading). Finally an R&D activity in the field of digital acquisition of both CsI-PD and Si signals of the CHIMERA telescopes is in progress. The main topics are thus: - Completion of the REVERSE experiment - 112,124Sn + 58,64Ni @ 25 MeV/A - Extension of the scientific program of REVERSE - 112,124Sn + 64,58Ni @ 35 MeV/nucleon, Au + Au 25 MeV/nucleon - New experiments proposed by international collaborations - R&D on CHIMERA detectors -Upgrading of the apparatus by PULSE SHAPE in Silicon detector (2005-2006) -new experiments with CHIMERA in direct kinematics(2006-2007)






EXOTICExperiment Location:LNL (Italy),LNS (Italy), RIKEN (Japan) Status:UpgradingData takingFirst year of experiment financing: 2000 Experiment duration (years): 5 National INFN Responsible: M. SANDOLI 1. Goal of the ExperimentStudy of the properties of rare isotopes:

- structure and interactions at the barrier of light nuclei loosely bound and/or with halo structure - role of the entrance channel charge and mass asymmetry in the excitation of preequilibrium GDR - cluster radioactivity - proton radioactivity of nuclei close to the drip lines and beta decay of nuclei in the Sn region.

2. Physics activities during 2004The control of both the primary and the secondary beam of the EXOTIC apparatus was improved by adding a

quadrupole, two steering magnets and an elastic scattering monitor. The commissioning of the 17F beam was completed. The first experiment on the break-up of 17F on 208Pb was approved by the PAC of the LNL. The experiment on the 7Be +209Bi reaction at RIKEN Lab.(Japan) was successfully performed and the data analysis almost completed. The data analysis of the experiment on the isospin effects on GDR excitation was completed and the results submitted for publication. The track detector for the measurement of complex cluster emission from 223Ac was asssembled and calibrated.






GAMMAExperiment Location:Laboratories and beams:

stable beams at LNL (Legnaro, Italy); radioactive beams at GSI (Darmstadt, Germany). Detector-arrays: GASP: an array of Ge-detectors at the Tandem-Alpi accelerator (Legnaro). CLARA: the array of CLOVER-EUROBALL detectors coupled to the large acceptance magnetic spectrograph PRISMA, to be used with PIAVE stable beams (Legnaro). RISING:the EUROBALL-CLUSTER detectors coupled to the GSI fragment separator (FRS) to exploit radioactive beams from fragmentation of fast heavy ions.

Status: Construction Upgrading Data takingFirst year of experiment financing: 2003 Experiment duration (years): 4 National INFN Responsible: D. BAZZACCO - M. PIGNANELLI 1. Goal of the ExperimentThe physics program includes the following topics:

- Shell structure in n-rich nuclei (CLARA, RISING); - Isospin symmetries and n-p pairing (GASP, CLARA, RISING); - Pigmy resonance of interest in astrophysics (CLARA, RISING); - Structure of nuclei at the proton-drip line (GASP); - Critical points and phase transitions between different nuclear shapes(GASP). The project AGATA: - Gamma-ray tracking in HPGe segmented detectors.






MAGN-EXPExperiment Location:LNS CataniaStatus:CostructionFirst year of experiment financing: 2004 Experiment duration (years): 4 National INFN Responsible: A. CUNSOLO 1. Goal of the Experiment1. Goal of the experiment: Construction of an innovative magnetic spectrometer characterized by large angle and

momentum acceptance and high momentum and mass resolution. Several research lines to be explored by the spectrometer using the LNS heavy ion beams accelerated by the Tandem and the Cyclotron with particular interest to the secondary beams foreseen by the EXCYT project. The main items regards: 1) spectroscopy of light exotic nuclei by direct nuclear reactions; 2) study of the isospin transfer mechanism by charge exchange reactions; 3) study of the optical model with exotic beams; 4) measurement of cross sections of astrophysical interest; 5) study of collective excitations of light neutron rich nuclei (in coincidence with TRASMA g-rays detectors) .

2. Physics activities during 2004In the 2004 year the following results have been achieved:

1. Successful excitation of the MAGNEX spectrometer magnetic elements 2. Completion of the water cooling and electrical power systems 3. Completion of the MAGNEX spectrometer - acquisistion room network 4. Completion of the data acquisition system 5. Installation of the focal plane detector and test with pulse generator 6. Test of the final PSD start detector with an alpha source 7. Design of a new scattering chamber for MAGNEX commissioning 8. Analysis of the 19F(7Li,7Be)19O reaction 9. New microscopic calculations of the 15C spectra based on QRPA






N2PExperiment Location:Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro

Cyclotron Institute,TAMUStatus:CostructionUpgradingFirst year of experiment financing: 2004 Experiment duration (years): 3 National INFN Responsible: D. FABRIS 1. Goal of the ExperimentThe experiment has three main scientific goals:

1- Neutron producing reactions: measurements of cross sections and energy spectra for neutron production reactions for SPES project at LNL. To this end a Proton Recoil Telescope will be constructed. 2- Study of structure of neutron rich nuclei by detection of delayed neutrons. To this end a Neutron Calorimeter will be constructed. 3- Fission dynamics study in the Super-Heavy element mass region by measurement of pre-scission neutron emission.

2. Physics activities during 20041- The Proton Recoil Telescope (PRT) project has been finalized after some Monte Carlo studies on the detector performances. In the final

design the converter consists in 5 layers of scintillators 0.4 mm thick, each layer is divided in 5 strips of plastic with 50 x 10 mm2 active area and PMT read out. The strips are oriented alternatively, horizontally and vertically, in order to determine not only the proton track in the converter but also the position of the proton with a resolution of 10 x 10 mm2. The converter is followed by two silicon strip detectors (300 �m and 1000 �m thick) and by a large BGO for the complete tracking of the proton. This active converter allows the tracking of low energy protons detected in the first two layers of the scintillator and impinging in the first silicon strip detector, the identification threshold is about 2-3 MeV. The dynamical range in which this PRT can be utilized goes up to 100 MeV for recoil protons that reach the second strip detector. The mechanics and the acquisition system (KMAX) is ready.

2- The experimental activity at Texas A&M University has started with two runs during the 2004 in which the following reactions have been studied using the superconducting solenoid BigSol: 238U + 238U, 198Pt, 232Th a 12 MeV/A; 172Yb + 232Th a 15, 10, 7.5 MeV/A; 84Kr + 232Th, 197Au a 24.8, 15, 7.5 MeV/A; 129Xe, 197Au + 232Th a 7.5 MeV/A. An up-grade of the focal plane detector, which responsibility is of the Italian group, has been realized last March with the installation of an hodoscope of 14 YAP crystals with photomultipliers read-out to optimize the counting rate capability of the system. Moreover the project of the neutron calorimeter has been defined together with his read-out system.

3- As far as the the pre-scission neutrons study, an agreement has been reach with the Bari group for the utilization of the neutron set-up in Legnaro. The acquisition system and the front-end electronics are being upgraded.






NUCL-EX

Experiment Location:Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro

Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, CataniaLaboratori GANIL - Caen, Francia

Status: Upgrading Data takingFirst year of experiment financing: 2003 Experiment duration (years): 4 National INFN Responsible: M. BRUNO 1. Goal of the ExperimentInvestigation of thermodynamical aspects of hot and excited systems formed in heavy ion central collisions.

Detailed investigation of signals of phase transition and coexistence. Investigation of dynamical aspects of heavy ion interactions: reaction mechanisms and mid-rapidity emission. Investigation of hardware and software improvement of apparatuses. Development of digital electronics and detailed study of present and future applications for data acquisition and pre-processing. 2. Physics activities during 2004

The NUCL-EX collaboration has worked in 2004 in the maintenance and upgrading of the Garfield apparatus, in experimental measurements, in calibration and analysis of experimental data and in theoretical simulations for comparison with experimental results.

1) Maintenance and upgrading of the Garfield apparatus2) Experiments and data analysis






PRISMA2Experiment Location:LNL, XTU Tandem-ALPI-PIAVE accelerator complex, 5-10 A MeV Heavy Ions

Status:UpgradingData takingFirst year of experiment financing: 2002 Experiment duration (years): 4 National INFN Responsible: A. M. STEFANINI 1. Goal of the ExperimentConstruction and use of a magnetic spectrometer for heavy ions, with very large solid angle and wide momentum

acceptance.

Selected items for research, using the heavy-ion beams from the PIAVE-ALPI accelerator complex at LNL (A=100-200, E=6-10 MeV/A): - few- and multi-nucleon transfer reactions, deep inelastic vs. grazing collisions; - production of neutron-rich exotic nuclei; - nuclear structure studies with array of gamma-detectors CLARA, associated to the spectrometer; - sub-barrier fusion-fission in heavy systems, use of PRISMA in gas-filled mode; - secondary target experiments by in-flight production of radioactive beams

2. Physics activities during 2004The period going from End 2003 to End 2004 has been the first year of full

operation of the spectrometer. Various experiments, in the fields of few− and multi−nucleontransfer between heavy ions, have been performed. The installation of the array of Clover detectors CLARA (from Euroball) was completed, as well as its commissioning. First experiments on nuclear structure, proposed by a large italian and international users community, have been carried out in recent months, using the 32,36S, 54Fe, 64Ni, 90Zr and 82Se ALPI beams. The analysis of the results is in progress.






TRARE

Experiment Location:Maier-Leibnitz Laboratorium der LMU und TUM (Munich), 26 MeV polarized and unpolarized proton beam. Status:UpgradingData takingFirst year of experiment financing: 2000 Experiment duration (years): 6 National INFN Responsible: LUISA ZETTA

1. Goal of the ExperimentThe theme of the experiment concerns the high resolution measurement of few nucleon transfer reactions and

consequently the systematic study of some aspects of nuclear structure in the mass regions A ~ 45, 90, 120. 140. The used probes are the (p,α) reactions (three nucleon transfer) on target nuclei with mass A ~ 45, 90, 120, 140 and (p,t) reactions on target nuclei in the Z ~ 50 region, by using polarized and unpolarized proton beams, at Tandem incident energy (E ~ 22-25 MeV).

2. Physics activities during 2004

(ppol,α) Reactions

(p,t) Reactions






ERNAxperiment Location:Dynamitron Tandem Laboratory, Bochum (D); 12C Elab=3-20 MeV; 3He Elab=1.5-4 MeV; 4He Status: Upgrading Data takingFirst year of experiment financing: 1998 Experiment duration (years): 9 National INFN Responsible: L. GIALANELLA 1. Goal of the ExperimentThe capture reaction 12C(alpha,gamma)16O takes place during the helium burning stage of Red Giants stars and is a

key reaction in nuclear astrophysics. The cross section at the relevant Gamow-energy, E0 = 0.3 MeV, determines not only the nucleosynthesis of elements up to iron region, but also the subsequent evolution of massive stars, the dynamics of supernovae, and the kind of remnants after supernova explosions. The cross section at E0 is of the order of 10-17 b, that is out of the present technical possibilities. Goal of the ERNA (European Recoil separator for Nuclear Astrophysics) experiment is to measure the cross section in the energy range Ecm = 0.7 - 5.0 MeV, where the cross section is expected to be larger than about 1pb, in order to obtain an accurate extrapolation of the cross section sigma(E0) with a precision of about 10%. To reach this goal the ERNA experiment will measure the cross section of this reaction in inverse kinematics using an 4He windowless gas-target in combination with a detection system consisting in a recoil separator to detect the 16O produced in the capture reaction both in singles and in coincidence with gammas detected by a cluster of scintillators. The extrapolation based on the collected data will be used to investigate the interplay between 12C(alpha,gamma)16O cross section and other stellar parameters, in particular those one connected to convective processes during helium burning. Also, ERNA will be used to study 3He(4He,gamma)7Be, which plays a role in the big bang nucleosynthesis, since its cross section has a strong influence on the observed abundance of 7Li.


CSN III experiments total budget. FTE : 4 Researchers : 10 * by Scientific Committee Secretaria




LUNA2Experiment Location:LNGS, Light Ions Status:CostructionData takingFirst year of experiment financing: 1998 Experiment duration (years): 9 National INFN Responsible: C. BROGGINI 1. Goal of the ExperimentThanks to the cosmic ray background suppression provided by Gran Sasso, LUNA is measuring fusion cross sections

down to the energy of the nucleo-synthesis inside stars. Outstanding results obtained in the past are the only existing cross section measurements within the Gamow peak of the Sun: 3He(3He,2p)4He and 2H(p, g)3He. In 2004 we completed the study of 14N(p, g)15O, the slowest reaction of the CNO cycle, the key one to know the CNO solar neutrino flux, as well as the age of the oldest components of the Galaxy.Our next measurements will be 3He(4He,g)7Be, the key reaction for the production of 7Be and 8B neutrinos in the pp chain, and 25Mg(p,g)26Al, the key reaction of the Mg-Al cycle.

2. Physics activities during 2004In 2004 we completed the measurement of the 14N(p,gamma)15O cross section at high energies, between 400 keV

and 1.7 MeV, in Bochum, and at very low energies, down to 70 keV, in Gran Sasso with a BGO summing detector. 14N(p,gamma)15O is the slowest reaction of the CNO cycle, the key one for deciding its efficiency. In particular, the analysis of the data we took with a germanium detector in Gran Sasso during 2003, down to 130 keV, has halved the cross section value at low energies with respect to the one given by the NACRE compilation. The BGO measurements have confirmed such a reduction in a region corresponding to stellar temperatures. As a consequence, the predicted CNO solar neutrino flux has been decreased by about a factor 2 and the age of the oldest Globular Clusters has been increased by 0.7-1 Gyr with respect to the current estimates. Electron screening has been measured at the 100 kV accelerator in Bochum. In particular, we have studied the electron screening effect in the d(d,p)t reaction in about 60 deuterated elements.






n_TOFExperiment Location:n_TOF neutron facility, CERN, Geneva Status:Data takingFirst year of experiment financing: 2001 Experiment duration (years): 6 National INFN Responsible: N. COLONNA 1. Goal of the ExperimentThe experiment aims at measuring neutron cross-sections relevant to Nuclear Astrophysics and to applications to

Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS), at the new time-of-fligh facility n_TOF at CERN. The innovative features of the n_TOF neutron beam, in particular the high instantaneous flux, allow to measure with high accuracy capture cross-sections of importance for the modelling of Stellar Nucleosynthesis of heavy elements. Furthermore, the n_TOF experimental program includes measurements of capture cross-sections on long-lived fission fragments, and capture and fission cross-sections of minor actinides, needed for projects of nuclear waste transmutation.

2. Physics activities during 2004In the course of 2004, the BaF2 gamma-ray calorimeter was assembled, debugged and tested. Starting in June,

several measurements of capture cross-sections were performed with the calorimeter. Isotopes investigated were mainly actinides of interest for project of nuclear waste incineration: 237Np, 240Pu, 233,234U, 243Am. During 2004, the analysis of the measurements performed in previous years was continued. In particular, the INFN group was responsible for the analysis of capture cross-sections for 151Sm, relevant to Nuclear Astrophysics and nuclear waste incineration, of 139La, relevant to Nuclear Astrophysics, of 24,25,26Mg, all Zr isotopes (including the unstable 93Zr), relevant both for Stellar Nucleosynthesis and for Accelerator Driven Systems. The analysis of 151Sm was completed and the results published, while for other isotopes the analysis is at a good stage, in many cases near to completion.





Fisica NucleareSilvia Lenzi, 20 aprile 2006 1 Commissione Nazionale III Fisica Nucleare Presidente:...

Documents

Transcript of Fisica NucleareSilvia Lenzi, 20 aprile 2006 1 Commissione Nazionale III Fisica Nucleare Presidente:...