Estrada vs. Ombudsman

8/19/2019 Estrada vs. Ombudsman

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G.R. Nos. 212140-41, January 21, 2015 - SENATOR JINGGOY EJERCITOESTRADA, Pe!!oner, ". #ERSA$IN, O%%ICE O% T&E O$#'DS$AN, %IE(DIN)ESTIGATION O%%ICE, O%%ICE O% T&E O$#'DS$AN, NATIONA( #'REA'O% IN)ESTIGATION AND ATTY. (E)ITO D. #A(IGOD, Res*on+ens.

EN BANC

G.R. Nos. 212140-41, January 21, 2015

SENATOR JINGGOY EJERCITO ESTRADA, Petitioner , v. BERSAMIN,OICE O T!E OMB"DSMAN, IE#D IN$ESTIGATION OICE,

OICE O T!E OMB"DSMAN, NATIONA# B"REA" OIN$ESTIGATION AND ATTY. #E$ITO D. BA#IGOD, Respondents.

D E C I S I O N

CAR%IO, J.&

I !s a un+aena *r!n/!*e a e a//use+ !n a *re!!nary !n"es!a!onas no r! o /ross-ea!ne e 3!nesses 3!/ e /o*a!nan ay

*resen. S'()*on +, Ru' 112 o )' Ru's o Cour) '/r'ssy ro*'s)a) )' r'son'n) sa ony a' )' r*3) o su! a /ouner-a!+a"!, )o '/a*n' a o)'r '*'n(' su*))' y )'(oa*nan) an+, 3ere e !s/a ses a ear!n o *ro*oun+ /ar!!/aoryues!ons o e *ar!es or e!r 3!nesses, o e aor+e+ an o**orun!y oe *resen u 3!ou e r! o ea!ne or /ross-ea!ne.

- Paderanga v. Drilon1

T!s /ase !s a Pe!!on or Cer!orar!2 3! *rayer or 617 e !ssuan/e o ae*orary resra!n!n or+er an+8or 9r! o Pre!!nary In:un/!on en:o!n!n

res*on+ens O!/e o e Ou+san 6Ou+san7, %!e+ In"es!a!onO!/e 6%IO7 o e Ou+san, Na!ona #ureau o In"es!a!on 6N#I7, an+Ay. (e"!o D. #a!o+ 6Ay. #a!o+7 6/oe/!"ey, res*on+ens7, ro/on+u/!n urer *ro/ee+!ns !n O$#-C-C-1;-0;01; an+ O$#-C-C-1;-0;


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0;01; an+ O$#-C-C-1;-0;

6/7 Couner-A!+a"! o /o-res*on+en Gon+e!na G. Aaa 6Aaa7>6+7 Couner-A!+a"! o /o-res*on+en $ar!o (. Rea*aos6Rea*aos7>

6e7 Conso!+ae+ Re*y o /o*a!nan N#I, ! one a+ een !e+> an+

67 A!+a"!s8Couner-A!+a"!s8Pea+!ns8%!!ns !e+ y a e oerres*on+ens an+8or a++!!ona 3!nesses or e Co*a!nans.


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Sen. Esra+a?s reues 3as a+e F*ursuan o e r! o a res*on+en )o'/a*n' )' '*'n(' su*))' y )' (oa*nan) 3!/ e ay noa"e een urn!se+? 6Se/!on ;, Rue 112 o e Rues o Cour7 an+ o a' a(('ss )o )' '*'n(' on r'(or? 6Se/!on 4/, Rue II o eRues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o e

Ou+san7.H =/anRoes"!rua(a3!rary

On 2= $ar/ 2014, e Ou+san !ssue+ e assa!e+ Or+er !n O$#-C-C-1;-0;1;. Te *er!nen *or!ons o e assa!e+ Or+errea+CanRoes)!ruaa3!raryT!s O!/e !n+s o3e"er !n+s s!/ a e oreo!n *ro"!s!ons *era!n!no Se/!on ;, Rue 112 o e Rues o Cour an+ Se/!on 4/, Rue II oe Rues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o e Ou+san +o no en!eres*on+en Sen. Esra+a o e urn!se+ a e !!ns o e res*on+ens.

Rue 112 6;7 6a7 6/7 o e Rues o Cour *ro"!+ess!/CanRoes)!ruaa3!rary6a7 Te (oa*n) sa sae e a++ress o e res*on+en an+ saea((oan*' y )' a*a*)s o )' (oa*nan) an *s6*)n'ss's, as 3e as oer su**or!n +o/uens o esa!s *roae/ause

6/7 9!!n en 6107 +ays ro re/e!* o e su*oena 3! e /o*a!nan+ su**or!n a!+a"!s an+ +o/uens, e r'son'n) sa su*) *s

(oun)'r-a*a*) an+ a o !s 3!nesses an+ oer su**or!n+o/uens re!e+ u*on or !s +eense. Te /ouner-a!+a"!s sa esus/r!e+ an+ s3orn o an+ /er!!e+ as *ro"!+e+ !n *arara* 6a7 o !sse/!on, 3! (o*'s )'r'o urn*s' y * )o )' (oa*nan).%urer o uoe e rue !n urn!s!n /o*!es o a!+a"!s o *ar!es un+ere Rues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o e Ou+san Se/!on 4 o Rue IIo A+!n!sra!"e Or+er No. 0= !ssue+ on A*r! 10,1


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/o*a!nan ay !e re*y a!+a"!s 3!!n en 6107 +ays aer ser"!/e o e/ouner-a!+a"!s.I /an e eane+ ro ese aore/!e+ *ro"!s!ons a !s O!/e !s reu!re+o urn!s Sen. Esra+a a /o*y o e Co*a!n an+ !s su**or!na!+a"!s an+ +o/uens> an+ !s O!/e /o*!e+ 3! !s reu!reen

3en ! urn!se+ Sen. Esra+a 3! e oreo!n +o/uens aa/e+ oe Or+ers o %!e Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ 1< No"eer 201; an+ 25No"eer 201;.

I !s o e noe+ a ere !s no *ro"!s!on un+er !s O!/e?s Rues oPro/e+ure 3!/ en!es res*on+en o e urn!se+ a e !!ns &y t$eot$er parties, e.. e res*on+ens. Ruy Tuason, Denn!s Cunanan,Gon+e!na G. Aaa an+ $ar!o (. Rea*aos ese"es are ares*on+ens !n ese /ases. 'n+er e Rues o Cour as 3e as e Rues oPro/e+ure o e O!/e o e Ou+san, e res*on+ensare onyr'7u*r' )o urn*s e!r /ouner-a!+a"!s an+ /onro"er!ne"!+en/e )o )'(oa*nan), an+ no) o e oer res*on+ens.

To re!erae, e r!s o res*on+en Sen. Esra+a !n e /on+u/ o e*re!!nary !n"es!a!on +e*en+ on e r!s rane+ o ! y a3 an+ese /anno e ase+ on 3ae"er r!s e e!e"es a e !s en!e+ oor ose a ay e +er!"e+ ro e *rase F+ue *ro/ess o a3.H

Tus, !s O!/e /anno ran !s o!on o e urn!se+ 3! /o*!es o ae !!ns y e oer *ar!es. Ne"ereess, e sou+ e urn!se+ a /o*yo e Re*y o /o*a!nan N#I as e !s en!e+ ereo un+er e rues>

o3e"er, as o !s +ae, no Re*y as een !e+ y /o*a!nan N#I.

8!EREORE, res*on+en Sen. Esra+a?s Re(uest to &e "urnis$ed )it$*opies of *ounter'Affidavits of t$e #t$er Respondents! Affidavits of Ne)+itnesses and #t$er "ilings!s DENIED. &e !s ne"ereess en!e+ o eurn!se+ a /o*y o e Re*y ! /o*a!nan o*s o !e su/*ea+!n.@ 6E*ases !n e or!!na7On 2@ $ar/ 2014, e Ou+san !ssue+ !n O$#-C-C-1;-0;1; an+ O$#-C-C-1;-0;


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Pe!!on or Cer!orar! un+er Rue 5 an+ sou o annu an+ se as!+e e2= $ar/ 2014 Or+er./raa3re+

T!E ARG"MENTS

Sen. Esra+a ra!se+ e oo3!n roun+s !n !sPe!!onCanRoes)!ruaa3!raryT&E O%%ICE O% T&E O$#'DS$AN, IN ISS'ING T&EC&A((ENGED #RDER DATED 2= $ARC& 2014, ACTED 9IT&O'T OR INEKCESS O% ITS J'RISDICTION OR 9IT& GRA)E A#'SE O% DISCRETIONA$O'NTING TO (ACL OR EKCESS O% J'RISDICTION AND )IO(ATED SEN.ESTRADAMS CONSTIT'TIONA( RIG&T TO D'E PROCESS O% (A9.10

Sen. Esra+a aso /a!e+ a un+er e /!r/usan/es, e as Fno a**eaor any oer *a!n, s*ee+y, an+ a+euae ree+y !n e or+!nary /ourse oa3, e/e* rou !s Pe!!on.H 11 Sen. Esra+a a**!e+ or e !ssuan/e oa e*orary resra!n!n or+er an+8or 3r! o *re!!nary !n:un/!on oresra!n *u!/ res*on+ens ro /on+u/!n urer *ro/ee+!ns !n O$#-C-C-1;-0;1; an+ O$#-C-C-1;-0;


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aon oer o!ons !e+ y e oer res*on+ens, Sen. Esra+a?s o!onor re/ons!+era!on +ae+ = A*r! 2014. Te *er!nen *or!on o e 4 June2014 Jo!n Or+er sae+CanRoes)!ruaa3!rary9!e ! !s rue a Senaor Esra+a?s reues or /o*!es o Tuason, Cunanan,Aaa, Rea*aos, %!ura, #uena"enura an+ Se"!+a?s a!+a"!s 3as

+en!e+ y Or+er +ae+ 2= $ar/ 2014 an+ &efore e *roua!on o eassa!e+ Jo!n Resou!on, !s O!/e ereaer re-e"auae+ e reues an+rane+ ! y Or+er +ae+ = $ay 2014 ran!n !s reues. Co*!es o ereuese+ /ouner-a!+a"!s 3ere a**en+e+ o e /o*y o e Or+er +ae+ =$ay 2014 rans!e+ o Senaor Esra+a rou /ounse.

T*s O*(', *n a(), ' *n a'yan(' )' *sos*)*on o )' o)*onsor r'(ons*'ra)*on *n )*s ro(''*n3 *n *3) o *)s 3ran) )o S'na)orEs)raa a 'r*o o *' ays ro r'('*) o )' : May 2014 Or'r )ooray r'son )o )' ao'-na' (o-r'son'n)s9 (a*s.

In "!e3 o e oreo!n, !s O!/e a!s o see o3 Senaor Esra+a 3as+e*r!"e+ o !s r! o *ro/e+ura +ue *ro/ess.1; 6E*as!s su**!e+7On 2 June 2014, e Ou+san, e %IO, an+ e N#I 6/oe/!"ey, *u!/res*on+ens7, rou e O!/e o e So!/!or Genera, !e+ e!rCoen o e *resen Pe!!on. Te *u!/ res*on+ens arue+aCanRoes)!ruaa3!raryI. PETITIONER SEN. ESTRADA 9AS NOT DENIED D'E PROCESS O% (A9.

II. T&E PETITION %OR *ER,I#RARI IS PROCED'RA((Y IN%IR$.A. LI,I- PENDEN,IA EKISTS IN T&IS CASE.

#. PETITIONER &AS A P(AIN, SPEEDY AND ADE'ATE RE$EDY IN T&EORDINARY CO'RSE O% (A9.III. PETITIONER IS NOT ENTIT(ED TO A 9RIT O% PRE(I$INARY INJ'NCTIONAND8OR TE$PORARY RESTRAINING ORDER.14

On June 2014, Ay. #a!o+ !e+ !s Coen o e *resen Pe!!on.Ay. #a!o+ sae+ a Sen. Esra+a?s resor o a Pe!!on or Cer!orar!un+er Rue 5 !s !*ro*er. Sen. Esra+a sou+ a"e e!er !e+ a o!on orre/ons!+era!on o e 2= $ar/ 2014 Or+er or !n/or*orae+ e aee+!rreuar!y !n !s o!on or re/ons!+era!on o e 2@ $ar/ 2014 Jo!n

Resou!on. Tere 3as aso no "!oa!on o Sen. Esra+a?s r! o +ue *ro/esse/ause ere !s no rue 3!/ an+aes a a res*on+en su/ as Sen.Esra+a e urn!se+ 3! /o*!es o e su!ss!ons o !s /o-res*on+ens.

On 1 June 2014, Sen. Esra+a !e+ !s Re*y o e *u!/ res*on+ens?Coen. Sen. Esra+a !ns!se+ a e 3as +en!e+ +ue *ro/ess. AouSen. Esra+a re/e!"e+ /o*!es o e /ouner-a!+a"!s o Cunanan, Aaa,Rea*aos, #uena"enura, %!ura, Se"!+a, as 3e as one o Tuason?s


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/ouner-a!+a"!s, e /a!e+ a e 3as no !"en e oo3!n+o/uensCanRoes)!ruaa3!rarya7 One oer Couner-A!+a"! o Ruy Tuason +ae+ 21 %eruary 2014>

7 Couner-A!+a"! o So!a D. Cru +ae+ ;1 January 2014>

/7 Couner-A!+a"! o E"eyn Su/an +ae+ 11 %eruary 2014>

+7 T3o 627 Couner-A!+a"!s o Aan A. Ja"eana +ae+ 0 %eruary 2014>

e7 Couner-A!+a"! o )!/or Roan Co:a/o Ca/a +ae+ 11 De/eer201; 6o e %IO Co*a!n7>

7 Couner-A!+a"! o )!/or Roan Co:a/o Ca/a +ae+ 22 January 20146o e N#I Co*a!n7>

7 T3o 627 /ouner-a!+a"!s o $a. Ju!e A. )!ara"o-Jonson o +ae+ 14$ar/ 2014>

7 Couner-a!+a"! o Ro+ora #uaa+ $en+oa +ae+ 0 $ar/ 2014>

!7 Couner-a!+a"! o $ar!a N!ne P. Gua!o +ae+ 2@ January 2014>

:7 T3o 627 /ouner-a!+a"!s o $ar!"!/ ). Jo"er o +ae+ 0< De/eer201;> an+

B7 Couner-a!+a"! o %ran/!s/o #. %!ura +ae+ 0@ January 2014.Sen. Esra+a arues a e Pe!!on !s no ren+ere+ oo y esuseuen !ssuan/e o e = $ay 2014 Jo!n Or+er e/ause ere !s are/urr!n "!oa!on o !s r! o +ue *ro/ess. Sen. Esra+a aso !ns!ss aere !s no oru so**!n as e *resen Pe!!on arose ro an !n/!+en !ne a!n *ro/ee+!n, an+ a e as no oer *a!n, s*ee+y, an+ a+euaeree+y !n e or+!nary /ourse o a3. %!nay, Sen. Esra+a re!eraes !sa**!/a!on or e !ssuan/e o a e*orary resra!n!n or+er an+8or 3r! o*re!!nary !n:un/!on o resra!n *u!/ res*on+ens ro /on+u/!n urer*ro/ee+!ns !n O$#-C-C-1;-0;1; an+ O$#-C-C-1;-0;


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First. Tere !s no a3 or rue 3!/ reu!res e Ou+san o urn!s ares*on+en 3! /o*!es o e /ouner-a!+a"!s o !s /o-res*on+ens.

9e re*ro+u/e eo3 Se/!ons ; an+ 4, Rue 112 o e Re"!se+ Rues oCr!!na Pro/e+ure, as 3e as Rue II o A+!n!sra!"e Or+er No. =, Rues o

Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o e Ou+san, or rea+y reeren/e.%ro e Re"!se+ Rues o Cr!!na Pro/e+ure, Rue 112 Pre!!naryIn"es!a!on

Se/!on ;. Proedure. Q Te *re!!nary !n"es!a!on sa e /on+u/e+ !ne oo3!n anner

6a7 Te /o*a!n sa sae e a++ress o e res*on+en an+ sae accompanied by the affidavits of the complainant and hiswitnesses, as well as other supporting documents to establish

probable cause. Tey sa e !n su/ nuer o /o*!es as ere areres*on+ens, *us 3o 627 /o*!es or e o!/!a !e. Te a!+a"!s sa esus/r!e+ an+ s3orn o eore any *rose/uor or o"ernen o!/!aauor!e+ o a+!n!ser oa, or, !n e!r asen/e or una"a!a!!y, eore anoary *u!/, ea/ o 3o us /er!y a e *ersonay ea!ne+ ea!ans an+ a e !s sa!s!e+ a ey "ounar!y ee/ue+ an+un+ersoo+ e!r a!+a"!s.

67 9!!n en 6107 +ays aer e !!n o e /o*a!n, e !n"es!a!no!/er sa e!er +!s!ss ! ! e !n+s no roun+ o /on!nue 3! e!n"es!a!on, or !ssue a su*oena o e res*on+en aa/!n o ! a /o*y o

e /o*a!n an+ !s su**or!n a!+a"!s an+ +o/uens.

T' r'son'n) sa a' )' right to examine the evidence submitted by the complainant 6*( ' ay no) a' ''n urn*s'an )o (oy )' a) *s '/'ns'. I e e"!+en/e !s "ou!nous, e/o*a!nan ay e reu!re+ o s*e/!y ose 3!/ e !nen+s o *resenaa!ns e res*on+en, an+ ese sa e a+e a"a!ae or ea!na!onor /o*y!n y e res*on+en a !s e*ense.

O:e/s as e"!+en/e nee+ no e urn!se+ a *ary u sa e a+e

a"a!ae or ea!na!on, /o*y!n, or *oora*!n a e e*ense o ereues!n *ary.

6/7 9!!n en 6107 +ays ro re/e!* o e su*oena 3! e /o*a!nan+ su**or!n a!+a"!s an+ +o/uens, e res*on+en sa su! !s/ouner-a!+a"! an+ a o !s 3!nesses an+ oer su**or!n +o/uensre!e+ u*on or !s +eense. Te /ouner-a!+a"!s sa e sus/r!e+ an+s3orn o an+ /er!!e+ as *ro"!+e+ !n *arara* 6a7 o !s se/!on, 3!


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/o*!es ereo urn!se+ y ! o e /o*a!nan. Te res*on+en sa noe ao3e+ o !e a o!on o +!s!ss !n !eu o a /ouner-a!+a"!.

6+7 I e res*on+en /anno e su*oenae+, or ! su*oenae+, +oes nosu! /ouner-a!+a"!s 3!!n e en 6107 +ay *er!o+, e !n"es!a!n

o!/er sa reso"e e /o*a!n ase+ on e e"!+en/e *resene+ y e/o*a!nan.

6e7 Te !n"es!a!n o!/er ay se a ear!n ! ere are a/s an+ !ssueso e /ar!!e+ ro a *ary or a 3!ness. Te *ar!es /an e *resen a eear!n u 3!ou e r! o ea!ne or /ross-ea!ne. Tey ay,o3e"er, su! o e !n"es!a!n o!/er ues!ons 3!/ ay e asBe+ oe *ary or 3!ness /on/erne+.

Te ear!n sa e e+ 3!!n en 6107 +ays ro su!ss!on o e/ouner-a!+a"!s an+ oer +o/uens or ro e e*!ra!on o e *er!o+or e!r su!ss!on. I sa e er!nae+ 3!!n !"e 657 +ays.

67 9!!n en 6107 +ays aer e !n"es!a!on, e !n"es!a!n o!/er sa+eer!ne 3eer or no ere !s su!/!en roun+ o o+ e res*on+enor r!a.

Se/!on 4. Resolution of investigating proseutor and its revie) . Q I e!n"es!a!n *rose/uor !n+s /ause o o+ e res*on+en or r!a, e sa*re*are e resou!on an+ !nora!on. &e sa /er!y un+er oa !n e!nora!on a e, or as so3n y e re/or+, an auor!e+ o!/er, as

*ersonay ea!ne+ e /o*a!nan an+ !s 3!nesses> a ere !sreasonae roun+ o e!e"e a a /r!e as een /o!e+ an+ a ea//use+ !s *roay u!y ereo> )a) )' a((us' 6as *nor' o )'(oa*n) an o )' evidence submitted against him> an+ a e 3as!"en an o**orun!y o su! /onro"er!n e"!+en/e. Oer3!se, e sare/oen+ e +!s!ssa o e /o*a!n.

9!!n !"e 657 +ays ro !s resou!on, e sa or3ar+ e re/or+ o e/ase o e *ro"!n/!a or /!y *rose/uor or /!e sae *rose/uor, or o eOu+san or !s +e*uy !n /ases o oenses /on!ae y e

San+!anayan !n e eer/!se o !s or!!na :ur!s+!/!on. Tey sa a/ one resou!on 3!!n en 6107 +ays ro e!r re/e!* ereo an+ sa!e+!aey !nor e *ar!es o su/ a/!on.

No /o*a!n or !nora!on ay e !e+ or +!s!sse+ y an !n"es!a!n*rose/uor 3!ou e *r!or 3r!en auor!y or a**ro"a o e *ro"!n/!a or/!y *rose/uor or /!e sae *rose/uor or e Ou+san or !s +e*uy.


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9ere e !n"es!a!n *rose/uor re/oen+s e +!s!ssa o e/o*a!n u !s re/oen+a!on !s +!sa**ro"e+ y e *ro"!n/!a or /!y*rose/uor or /!e sae *rose/uor or e Ou+san or !s +e*uy on eroun+ a a *roae /ause e!ss, e aer ay, y !se, !e e!nora!on aa!ns e res*on+en, or +!re/ any oer ass!san *rose/uor

or sae *rose/uor o +o so 3!ou /on+u/!n anoer *re!!nary!n"es!a!on.

I u*on *e!!on y a *ro*er *ary un+er su/ rues as e De*aren oJus!/e ay *res/r!e or ou *ro*r!o, e Se/reary o Jus!/e re"erses oro+!!es e resou!on o e *ro"!n/!a or /!y *rose/uor or /!e sae*rose/uor, e sa +!re/ e *rose/uor /on/erne+ e!er o !e e/orres*on+!n !nora!on 3!ou /on+u/!n anoer *re!!nary!n"es!a!on, or o +!s!ss or o"e or +!s!ssa o e /o*a!n or!nora!on 3! no!/e o e *ar!es. Te sae rue sa a**y !n*re!!nary !n"es!a!ons /on+u/e+ y e o!/ers o e O!/e o eOu+san.

%ro e Rues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o e Ou+san, A+!n!sra!"eOr+er No. =, Rue II Pro/e+ure !n Cr!!na Cases

Se/!on 1. rounds. Q A /r!!na /o*a!n ay e rou or an oense !n"!oa!on o R.A. ;01

e7 reerre+ or a+!n!sra!"e a+:u+!/a!on> or

7 su:e/e+ o a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on.

Se/. ;. Preli%inary investigation/ )$o %ay ondut . Q Pre!!nary


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!n"es!a!on ay e /on+u/e+ y any o e oo3!n

17 Ou+san In"es!aors>

27 S*e/!a Prose/u!n O!/ers>

;7 De*u!e+ Prose/uors>

47 In"es!a!n O!/!as auor!e+ y a3 o /on+u/ *re!!nary!n"es!a!ons> or

57 (a3yers !n e o"ernen ser"!/e, so +es!nae+ y e Ou+san.

Se/. 4. Proedure. Q Te *re!!nary !n"es!a!on o /ases a!n un+er e :ur!s+!/!on o e San+!anayan an+ Re!ona Tr!a Cours sa e/on+u/e+ !n e anner *res/r!e+ !n Se/!on ;, Rue 112 o e Rues oCour, su:e/ o e oo3!n *ro"!s!ons

a7 I e /o*a!n !s no un+er oa or !s ase+ ony on o!/!a re*ors, theinvestigating officer shall require the complainant or supportingwitnesses to execute affidavits to substantiate the complaints.

7 A)'r su( a*a*)s a' ''n s'(ur', the investigating officer shall issue an order, attaching thereto a copy of the affidavits and

other supporting documents, *r'()*n3 )' r'son'n) )o su*),6*)*n )'n


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e"!+en/e on re/or+.

7 I, aer e !!n o e reu!s!e a!+a"!s an+ e!r su**or!n e"!+en/es,ere are a/s aer!a o e /ase 3!/ e !n"es!a!n o!/er ay nee+o e /ar!!e+ on, e ay /on+u/ a /ar!!/aory ear!n +ur!n 3!/ e

*ar!es sa e aor+e+ e o**orun!y o e *resen u 3!ou e r!o ea!ne or /ross-ea!ne e 3!ness e!n ues!one+. 9ere ea**earan/e o e *ar!es or 3!nesses !s !*ra/!/ae, e /ar!!/aoryues!on!n ay e /on+u/e+ !n 3r!!n, 3erey e ues!ons +es!re+ oe asBe+ y e !n"es!a!n o!/er or a *ary sa e re+u/e+ !no 3r!!nan+ ser"e+ on e 3!ness /on/erne+ 3o sa e reu!re+ o ans3er esae !n 3r!!n an+ un+er oa.

7 '*on e er!na!on o e *re!!nary !n"es!a!on, e !n"es!a!no!/er sa or3ar+ e re/or+s o e /ase oeer 3! !s resou!on oe +es!nae+ auor!!es or e!r a**ro*r!ae a/!on ereon.

No !nora!on ay e !e+ an+ no /o*a!n ay e +!s!sse+ 3!ou e3r!en auor!y or a**ro"a o e Ou+san !n /ases a!n 3!!n e :ur!s+!/!on o e San+!anayan, or o e *ro*er De*uy Ou+san !n aoer /ases.

Se/. . Notie to parties. Q Te *ar!es sa e ser"e+ 3! a /o*y o eresou!on as !nay a**ro"e+ y e Ou+san or y e *ro*er De*uy

Ou+san.

Se/. =. 0otion for reonsideration. Q a7 Ony one 617 o!on orre/ons!+era!on or re!n"es!a!on o an a**ro"e+ or+er or resou!on sa eao3e+, e sae o e !e+ 3!!n !een 6157 +ays ro no!/e ereo3! e O!/e o e Ou+san, or e *ro*er +e*uy ou+san as e/ase ay e.

7 Te !!n o a o!on or re/ons!+era!on8re!n"es!a!on sa no ar e

!!n o e /orres*on+!n Inora!on !n /our on e as!s o e !n+!n o*roae /ause !n e resou!on su:e/ o e o!on. 6E*as!s su**!e+7Sen. Esra+a /a!s a e +en!a o !s Reues or e /ouner-a!+a"!so !s /o-res*on+ens "!oaes !s /ons!u!ona r! o +ue *ro/ess. S'n.Es)raa, o6''r, a*s )o s'(*y a a6 or ru' 6*( s)a)'s )a) *) *sa (ousory r'7u*r''n) o u' ro('ss *n a r'**nary*n's)*3a)*on )a) )' Ousan urn*s a r'son'n) 6*) )'


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(oun)'r-a*a*)s o *s (o-r'son'n)s.Ne!er Se/!on ;67, Rue 112o e Re"!se+ Rues o Cr!!na Pro/e+ure nor Se/!on 46/7, Rue II o eRues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o e Ou+san su**ors Sen. Esra+a?s/a!.

9a e Rues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o e Ou+san reu!re !s ore Ou+san o urn!s e res*on+en 3! a /o*y o e /o*a!n an+e su**or!n a!+a"!s an+ +o/uens a) )' )*' )' or'r )o su*))' (oun)'r-a*a*) *s *ssu' )o )' r'son'n). T!s !s /ear roSe/!on 467, Rue II o e Rues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o eOu+san 3en ! saes, Faer su/ a!+a"!s o e /o*a!nan an+!s 3!nesses a"e een se/ure+, e !n"es!a!n o!/er sa !ssue anor+er, aa/!n ereo a /o*y o e a!+a"!s an+ oer su**or!n+o/uens, +!re/!n e res*on+en o su!, 3!!n en 6107 +ays rore/e!* ereo, !s /ouner-a!+a"!s .H A !s *o!n, ere !s s! no/ouner-a!+a"! su!e+ y any res*on+en. C'ary, 6a) S'()*on 4


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Fa//ess o e"!+en/e on re/or+H !n Se/!on 46/7, Rue II o e Ou+san?sRues o Pro/e+ure reers o e a!+a"!s an+ su**or!n +o/uens o Fe/o*a!nan or suor)*n3 6*)n'ss'sH !n Se/!on 46a7 o e sae Rue II.

,$ird , Se/!on ;67, Rue 112 o e Re"!se+ Rues o Cr!!na Pro/e+ure

*ro"!+es a Fe res*on+en sa a"e )' r*3) )o '/a*n' )''*'n(' su*))' y )' (oa*nan) 3!/ e ay no a"e eenurn!se+ an+ o /o*y e a !s e*ense.H A res*on+en?s r! o ea!nereers ony o F)' '*'n(' su*))' y )' (oa*nan).H

Tus, 3eer un+er Rue 112 o e Re"!se+ Rues o Cr!!na Pro/e+ure orun+er Rue II o e Ou+san?s Rues o Pro/e+ure, ere !s noreu!reen 3asoe"er a e a!+a"!s ee/ue+ y e /o-res*on+enssou+ e urn!se+ o a res*on+en.

Jus!/e )eas/o?s +!ssen re!es on e ru!n !n #ffie of t$e #%&uds%an v.Reyes 6Reyes /ase7,15 ana*n*s)ra)*' /ase, !n 3!/ a +!eren se orues o *ro/e+ure an+ san+ar+s a**y. Sen. Esra+a?s Pe!!on, !n /onras,!n"o"es e *re!!nary !n"es!a!on sae !n a /r!!na /ase. Rue III one Pro/e+ure !n Ad%inistrative Cases o e Rues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/eo e Ou+san a**!es !n e Reyes /ase, 3!e Rue II on e Pro/e+ure!n *ri%inal Cases o e Rues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o e Ou+sana**!es !n Sen. Esra+a?s Pe!!on. In o /ases, e Rues o Cour a**y !n asu**eory /ara/er or y anaoy.1/anRoes"!rua(a3!rary

In e Reyes /ase, e /o*a!nan A/ero ee/ue+ an a!+a"! aa!ns

Reyes an+ Peaoa, 3o 3ere o e*oyees o e (an+ Trans*ora!onO!/e. Peaoa su!e+ !s /ouner-a!+a"!, as 3e as ose o !s 3o3!nesses. Reyes a+o*e+ !s /ouner-a!+a"! !n anoer /ase eore eOu+san as ! !n"o"e+ e sae *ar!es an+ e sae !n/!+en. None oe *ar!es a**eare+ +ur!n e *re!!nary /oneren/e. Peaoa 3a!"e+ !sr! o a ora !n"es!a!on an+ 3as 3!!n o su! e /ase orresou!on ase+ on e e"!+en/e on re/or+. Peaoa aso su!e+ a/ouner-a!+a"! o !s !r+ 3!ness. Te Ou+san oun+ Reyes u!y ora"e !s/on+u/ an+ +!s!sse+ ! ro e ser"!/e. On e oer an+,Peaoa 3as oun+ u!y o s!*e !s/on+u/ an+ *ena!e+ 3!

sus*ens!on ro o!/e 3!ou *ay or s! ons. T!s Cour aree+ 3!e Cour o A**eas? !n+!n a Reyes? r! o +ue *ro/ess 3as !n+ee+"!oae+. T!s Cour rean+e+ e re/or+s o e /ase o e Ou+san,or 3o reasons 617 Reyes sou+ no a"e een ee+ e *enay o+!s!ssa ro e ser"!/e 3en e e"!+en/e 3as no susan!a, an + 627ere 3as +!srear+ o Reyes? r! o +ue *ro/ess e/ause e 3as nourn!se+ a /o*y o e /ouner-a!+a"!s o Peaoa an+ o Peaoa?s ree3!nesses. In )' Reyes (as', a*ur' )o urn*s a (oy o )' (oun)'r-


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a*a*)s a'n' *n )' a*n*s)ra)*' ro(''*n3s on )' 'r*)s,6*( r'su)' *n R'y's9 *s*ssa ro )' s'r*('. In Sen. Esra+a?sPe!!on, e +en!a o !s Reues a**ene+ +ur!n e *re!!nary!n"es!a!on 3ere e ony !ssue !s e e!sen/e o *roae /ause or e*ur*ose o +eer!n!n 3eer an !nora!on sou+ e !e+, an+ +oes no

*re"en Sen. Esra+a ro reues!n a /o*y o e /ouner-a!+a"!s o !s/o-res*on+ens +ur!n e *re-r!a or e"en +ur!n e r!a.

9e sou+ reeer o /ons!+er e +!eren/es !n a+:u+!/a!n /ases,*ar!/uary an a+!n!sra!"e /ase an+ a /r!!na/aseCanRoes)!ruaa3!raryAny a3yer 3or !s sa Bno3s a uana o *roo an+ a+:e/!"e rues"ary +e*en+!n on 3eer e /ases o 3!/ ey are ean o a**y are/r!!na, /!"! or a+!n!sra!"e !n /ara/er. In /r!!na a/!ons, *rooeyon+ reasonae +ou !s reu!re+ or /on"!/!on> !n /!"! a/!ons an+*ro/ee+!ns, *re*on+eran/e o e"!+en/e, as su**or or a :u+en> an+ !na+!n!sra!"e /ases, susan!a e"!+en/e, as as!s or a+:u+!/a!on. In/r!!na an+ /!"! a/!ons, a**!/a!on o e Rues o Cour !s /ae+ or, 3!ore or ess sr!/ness. In a+!n!sra!"e *ro/ee+!ns, o3e"er, ee/n!/a rues o *ea+!n an+ *ro/e+ure, an+ o e"!+en/e, are no sr!/ya+ere+ o> ey eneray a**y ony su**eor!y> !n+ee+, !n arar!an+!s*ues a**!/a!on o e Rues o Cour !s a/uay *ro!!e+.1=

I sou+ e un+ers/ore+ a e /on+u/ o a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on !sony or e +eer!na!on o *roae /ause, an+ F*roae /ause erey!*!es *roa!!y o u! an+ sou+ e +eer!ne+ !n a suary anner.A *re!!nary !n"es!a!on !s no a *ar o e r!a an+ ! !s ony !n a r!a

3ere an a//use+ /an +ean+ e u eer/!se o !s r!s, su/ as er! o /onron an+ /ross-ea!ne !s a//users o esa!s !s!nno/en/e.H 1@ Tus, e r!s o a res*on+en !n a *re!!nary !n"es!a!onare !!e+ o ose rane+ y *ro/e+ura a3.A *re!!nary !n"es!a!on !s +e!ne+ as an !nu!ry or *ro/ee+!n or e*ur*ose o +eer!n!n 3eer ere !s su!/!en roun+ o enen+er a 3eoun+e+ e!e a a /r!e /on!ae y e Re!ona Tr!a Cour as een/o!e+ an+ a e res*on+en !s *roay u!y ereo, an+ sou+ ee+ or r!a. T' 7uan)u o '*'n(' no6 r'7u*r' *n r'**nary*n's)*3a)*on *s su( '*'n(' su*(*'n) )o >'n3'n'r a 6' oun'

'*'? as )o )' a() o )' (o*ss*on o a (r*' an )'r'son'n)@s roa' 3u*) )'r'o. A r'**nary *n's)*3a)*on *sno) )' o((as*on or )' u an '/aus)*' *say o )' ar)*'s9'*'n(' *) *s or )' r's'n)a)*on o su( '*'n(' ony as ay'n3'n'r a 6'-3roun' '*' )a) an o'ns' as ''n (o*))'an )a) )' a((us' *s roay 3u*)y )'r'o.9e are !n a//or+ 3!e sae *rose/uor?s !n+!ns !n e /ase a ar a ere e!ss *r!a a/!ee"!+en/e o *e!!oner?s !n"o"een !n e /o!ss!on o e /r!e, ! e!n


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su!/!eny su**ore+ y e e"!+en/e *resene+ an+ e a/s oa!n!nere!n.

(!Be3!se +e"o!+ o /oen/y !s *e!!oner?s aruen a e es!on!es oGaar!on an+ &ano*o are !na+!ss!e as o ! s!n/e e 3as no rane+

e o**orun!y o /ross-ea!na!on.

I) *s a una'n)a r*n(*' )a) )' a((us' *n a r'**nary*n's)*3a)*on as no r*3) )o (ross-'/a*n' )' 6*)n'ss's 6*( )'(oa*nan) ay r's'n). S'()*on +, Ru' 112 o )' Ru's o Cour)'/r'ssy ro*'s )a) )' r'son'n) sa ony a' )' r*3) )osu*) a (oun)'r-a*a*), )o '/a*n' a o)'r '*'n(' su*))'y )' (oa*nan) an, 6'r' )' *s(a s')s a 'ar*n3 )o rooun(ar**(a)ory 7u's)*ons )o )' ar)*'s or )'*r 6*)n'ss's, )o 'aor' an oor)un*)y )o ' r's'n) u) 6*)ou) )' r*3) )o'/a*n' or (ross-'/a*n'.Tus, e"en ! *e!!oner 3as no !"en eo**orun!y o /ross-ea!ne Gaar!on an+ &ano*o a e !e ey 3ere*resene+ o es!y +ur!n e se*arae r!a o e /ase aa!ns Gaar!on an+Roas, e /anno asser any ea r! o /ross-ea!ne e a e*re!!nary !n"es!a!on *re/!sey e/ause su/ r! 3as ne"er a"a!ae o!. Te a+!ss!!!y or !na+!ss!!!y o sa!+ es!on!es sou+ e"en!ae+ eore e r!a /our +ur!n e r!a *ro*er an+ no !n e*re!!nary !n"es!a!on.

%urerore, )' )'(n*(a ru's on '*'n(' ar' no) *n*n3 on )'*s(a 6o as ur*s*()*on an (on)ro o'r )' (onu() o a

r'**nary *n's)*3a)*on. I y !s "ery naure a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on/ou+ e 3a!"e+ y e a//use+, 6' *n no (o'*n3 us)**(a)*on ora s)r*() a*(a)*on o )' '*'n)*ary ru's. In a++!!on, /ons!+er!n aun+er Se/!on @, Rue 112 o e Rues o Cour, e re/or+ o e*re!!nary !n"es!a!on +oes no or *ar o e re/or+ o e /ase !n eRe!ona Tr!a Cour, en e es!on!es o Gaar!on an+ &ano*o ay noe a+!e+ y e r!a /our ! no *resene+ !n e"!+en/e y e *rose/u!n!s/a. An+, e"en ! e *rose/u!on +oes *resen su/ es!on!es, *e!!oner/an a3ays o:e/ ereo an+ e r!a /our /an rue on e a+!ss!!!yereo> or e *e!!oner /an, +ur!n e r!a, *e!!on sa!+ /our o /o*e

e *resena!on o Gaar!on an+ &ano*o or *ur*oses o /ross-ea!na!on.1


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)' a*ss*ons o S'n. Es)raa9s (o-r'son'n)s (an *n no 6ayr'u*(' S'n. Es)raa. E"en ran!n Jus!/e )eas/o?s aruen a e2@ $ar/ 2014 Jo!n Resou!on !n O$#-C-C-1;-0;1; an+ O$#-C-C-1;-0;


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a"!n soe!n o su**or !s +e/!s!on. A +e/!s!on 3! asouey no!no su**or ! !s a nu!y, .H

647 No ony us ere e soe e"!+en/e o su**or a !n+!n or /on/us!on,u e e"!+en/e us e Fsusan!a.H FSusan!a e"!+en/e !s ore an a

ere s/!n!a. I eans su/ ree"an e"!+en/e as a reasonae !n+ !a//e* as a+euae o su**or a /on/us!on.H .

657 Te +e/!s!on us e ren+ere+ on e e"!+en/e *resene+ a e ear!n,or a eas /ona!ne+ !n e re/or+ an+ +!s/ose+ o e *ar!es ae/e+. .

67 Te Cour o In+usr!a Rea!ons or any o !s :u+es, ereore, us a/on !s or !s o3n !n+e*en+en /ons!+era!on o e a3 an+ a/s o e/onro"ersy, an+ no s!*y a//e* e "!e3s o a suor+!nae !n arr!"!n a a+e/!s!on. .

6=7 Te Cour o In+usr!a Rea!ons sou+, !n a /onro"ers!a ues!ons,ren+er !s +e/!s!on !n su/ a anner a e *ar!es o e *ro/ee+!n /anBno3 e "ar!ous !ssues !n"o"e+, an+ e reasons or e +e/!s!onsren+ere+. Te *eroran/e o !s +uy !s !nse*arae ro e auor!y/onerre+ u*on !.2;

Te u!+e!nes se or !n Ang ,i&ay are urer /ar!!e+ !n -I- ".CA24 6-I-7 F3a Ang ,i&ay a!e+ o e*!/!y sae 3as, *res/!n+!n roe enera *r!n/!*es o"ern!n +ue *ro/ess, )' r'7u*r''n) o an*ar)*a )r*una 3!/, nee+ess o say, +!/aes a one /ae+ u*on o

reso"e a +!s*ue ay no s! as :u+e an+ :ury s!uaneousy, ne!er aye re"!e3 !s +e/!s!on on a**ea.H 25 Te -I-/ar!!/a!on a!rs e non-a**!/a!!y o e Ang ,i&ay u!+e!nes o *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons !n/r!!na /ases Te !n"es!a!n o!/er, 3!/ !s e roe a e O!/e oe Ou+san *ays !n e !n"es!a!on an+ *rose/u!on o o"ernen*ersonne, 3! ne"er e e !*ar!a r!una reu!re+ !n Ang ,i&ay , asa*!!e+ !n -I-. Te *ur*ose o e O!/e o e Ou+san !n/on+u/!n a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on, a)'r (onu()*n3 *)s o6n a()-*n*n3 *n's)*3a)*on, !s o +eer!ne *roae /ause or !!n an!nora!on, an+ no o aBe a !na a+:u+!/a!on o e r!s an+

o!a!ons o e *ar!es un+er e a3, 3!/ !s e *ur*ose o eu!+e!nes !n Ang ,i&ay . T' *n's)*3a)*n3 o*('r *n's)*3a)'s,')'r*n's roa' (aus', an ros'(u)'s )' (r**na (as' a)'r**n3 )' (orr'son*n3 *nora)*on.

Te *ur*ose !n +eer!n!n *roae /ause !s o aBe sure a e /oursare no /oe+ 3! 3eaB /ases a 3! ony e +!s!sse+, as 3e as os*are a *erson ro e ra"a!s o a nee+ess *rose/u!on.2 Te


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Ou+san an+ e *rose/u!on ser"!/e un+er e (on)ro ansu'r*s*on o e Se/reary o e De*aren o Jus!/e are !nerenye a/-!n+er, !n"es!aor, ear!n o!/er, :u+e an+ :ury o e res*on+en!n *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons. O"!ousy, !s *ro/e+ure /anno /o*y3! Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n -I-. &o3e"er, ere !s no!n

un/ons!u!ona 3! !s *ro/e+ure e/ause !s !s erey an Ee/u!"eun/!on, a *ar o e a3 enor/een *ro/ess ea+!n o r!a !n /our3ere e reu!reens an+ae+ !n Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n -I-, 3!a**y. T!s as een e *ro/e+ure un+er e 1


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)'s''s depend upon the provisions of law by which such rightsare specifically secured, rather than upon the phrase $due process of

law% .H T!s re!eraes Jus!/e Jose P. (aure?s o-uoe+ *ronoun/een!n 3as$i% v. Bonan2


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C. J., sa!+ or e Cour ore an a /enury ao !n Lo:e v. 1nited -tates, =Cran/ ;;

627 In Se/!ons an+ < o Rue 112 #y e :u+e, o +eer!ne 3eer a3arran o arres or a /o!en or+er, ! e a//use+ as area+y eenarrese+, sa e !ssue+ an+ a ere !s a ne/ess!y o *a/!n eres*on+en un+er !e+!ae /uso+y !n or+er no o rusrae e en+s o :us!/e>

6;7 In Se/!on 567 o Rue 11; #y a *ea/e o!/er or a *r!"ae *ersonaB!n a 3arraness arres 3en an oense as :us een /o!e+, an+e as *roae /ause o e!e"e ase+ on *ersona Bno3e+e o a/s or/!r/usan/es a e *erson o e arrese+ as /o!e+ !> an+

647 In Se/!on 4 o Rue 12 #y e :u+e, o +eer!ne 3eer a sear/3arran sa e !ssue+, an+ ony u*on *roae /ause !n /onne/!on 3!


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one s*e/!!/ oense o e +eer!ne+ *ersonay y e :u+e aerea!na!on un+er oa or a!ra!on o e /o*a!nan an+ e 3!nessese ay *ro+u/e, an+ *ar!/uary +es/r!!n e *a/e o e sear/e+ an+e !ns o e se!e+ 3!/ ay e any3ere !n e P!!**!nes.

In a ese !nsan/es, e e"!+en/e ne/essary o esa!s *roae /ause !sase+ ony on e !Be!oo+, or *roa!!y, o u!. Jus!/e #r!on, !n ere/en /ase o 1nilever P$ilippines! In. v. ,an;= 61nilever 7,sae+CanRoes)!ruaa3!raryTe +eer!na!on o *roae /ause nee+s ony o res on e"!+en/e so3!na ore !Bey an no, a /r!e as een /o!e+ an+ ere !s enoureason o e!e"e a ! 3as /o!e+ y e a//use+. I nee+ no ease+ on /ear an+ /on"!n/!n e"!+en/e o u!, ne!er on e"!+en/eesa!s!n asoue /era!ny o u!. 9a !s erey reu!re+ !s F*roa!!y o u!.H Is +eer!na!on, oo, +oes no /a or e a**!/a!ono rues or san+ar+s o *roo a a :u+en o /on"!/!on reu!res aerr!a on e er!s. Tus, !n /on/u+!n a ere !s *roae /ause, !su!/es a ! !s e!e"e+ a e a/ or o!ss!on /o*a!ne+ o /ons!uese "ery oense /are+.

I !s aso !*oran o sress a )' ')'r*na)*on o roa' (aus'o's no) ''n on )' a**)y or 'r*)s o a ar)y9s a((usa)*on or''ns' or on the admissibility or veracity of testimonies presented .As *re"!ousy +!s/usse+, ese aers are eer "en!ae+ +ur!n e r!a*ro*er o e /ase. As e+ !n 0etropolitan Ban: ; ,rust *o%pany v.on2alesCanRoes)!ruaa3!rary

Proae /ause as een +e!ne+ as e e!sen/e o su/ a/s an+/!r/usan/es as 3ou+ e/!e e e!e !n a reasonae !n+, a/!n on ea/s 3!!n e Bno3e+e o e *rose/uor, a e *erson /are+ 3asu!y o e /r!e or 3!/ e 3as *rose/ue+. . Te er +oes noean Fa/ua or *os!!"e /auseH nor +oes ! !*or asoue /era!ny. I !serey ase+ on o*!n!on an+ reasonae e!e. Tus, a !n+!n o *roae/ause +oes no reu!re an !nu!ry !no 3eer ere !s su!/!en e"!+en/e o*ro/ure a /on"!/!on. I !s enou a ! !s e!e"e+ a e a/ or o!ss!on/o*a!ne+ o /ons!ues e oense /are+. Pre/!sey, ere !s a r!a ore re/e*!on o e"!+en/e o e *rose/u!on !n su**or o e /are.

6#o+a/!n an+ !a!/!a!on su**!e+7Jus!/e #r!on?s *ronoun/een !n 1nilever a Fe +eer!na!on o*roae /ause +oes no +e*en+ on e "a!+!y or er!s o a *ary?sa//usa!on or +eense or on )' admissibility or veracity o )'s)*on*'sr's'n)'H /orre/y re/on!es e +o/r!ne !n e 'n!e+ Saes a e+eer!na!on o *roae /ause /an res *ar!ay, or e"en en!rey, onearsay e"!+en/e, as on as e *erson aB!n e earsay saeen !s


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/re+!e. In 1nited -tates v. ana*a*) ay ' as' on 'arsay *nora)*on an n'' no) r''())' *r'() 'rsona os'ra)*ons o )' a*an),? so on3 as )'a3*s)ra)' *s >*nor' o so' o )' un'ry*n3 (*r(us)an('s?suor)*n3 )' a*an)9s (on(us*ons an *s '*' )a) any *noran)*no' >6os' *'n)*)y n'' no) ' *s(os' . . .? 6as >(r'*'?or *s *nora)*on >r'*a'.? Aguilar v. ,e=as, su*ra, a ;=@ '.S. 114.6E*as!s su**!e+7Tus, *roae /ause /an e esa!se+ 3! earsay e"!+en/e, as on asere !s sus)an)*a as*sor /re+!!n e earsay. &earsay e"!+en/e !sa+!ss!e !n +eer!n!n *roae /ause !n a *re!!nary !n"es!a!one/ause su/ !n"es!a!on !s erey preliminary , an+ +oes no !nay

a+:u+!/ae r!s an+ o!a!ons o *ar!es. &o3e"er, !n a+!n!sra!"e/ases, 3ere r!s an+ o!a!ons are !nay a+:u+!/ae+, 3a !s reu!re+!s Fsus)an)*a '*'n('H 3!/ /anno res en!rey or e"en *ar!ay onearsay e"!+en/e. Susan!a as!s !s no e sae as susan!a e"!+en/ee/ause susan!a e"!+en/e e/u+es earsay e"!+en/e 3!e susan!aas!s /an !n/u+e earsay e"!+en/e. To r'7u*r' )' a*(a)*on o AngTibay , as a**' *n ('!' , *n r'**nary *n's)*3a)*ons 6* (an3')' 7uan)u o '*'n(' r'7u*r' *n ')'r*n*n3 roa' (aus'ro '*'n(' o *'*oo or roa**)y o 3u*) )o sus)an)*a'*'n(' o 3u*).

I !s, oreo"er, ne/essary o +!s!nu!s e3een e /ons!u!onayuaranee+ r!s o an a//use+ an+ e r! o a *re!!nary!n"es!a!on. To )r'a) )' )' sa' 6* 'a )o asur an*sas)rous (ons'7u'n('s. A 'n*n3 (r**na (as's *n a (our)s)rou3ou) )' (oun)ry 6* a' )o ' r'an' )o )' r'**nary*n's)*3a)*on '' '(aus' non' o )'s' 6* sa)*sy Ang Tibay , asa**' *n ('!' . Pre!!nary !n"es!a!ons are /on+u/e+ y


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*rose/uors, 3o are e sae o!/!as 3o 3! +eer!ne *roae /ausean+ *rose/ue e /ases !n /our. Te *rose/uor !s ar+y e !*ar!ar!una /one*ae+ !n Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n -I-. A re!n"es!a!ony an !n"es!a!n o!/er ous!+e o e *rose/u!on ser"!/e 3! ene/essary ! Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n-I-, 3ere o e a**!e+. T!s 3!

reu!re a ne3 e!sa!on. In e ean!e, a *en+!n /r!!na /ases !n a/ours 3! a"e o e rean+e+ or re!n"es!a!on, o *ro/ee+ ony 3en ane3 a3 !s !n *a/e. To reu!re Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n -I-, o a**y o*re!!nary !n"es!a!on 3! ne/essar!y /ane e /on/e* o *re!!nary!n"es!a!on as 3e Bno3 ! no3. A**y!n e /ons!u!ona +ue *ro/ess!n Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n -I-, o *re!!nary !n"es!a!on 3!ne/essar!y reu!re e a**!/a!on o e r!s o an a//use+ !n Se/!on14627, Ar!/e III o e 1


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o Ruy Tuason, Denn!s Cunanan, Gon+e!na Aaa, $ar!o Rea*aos,%ran/!s/o %!ura, Greor!a #uena"enura, an+ Ae!s Se"!+a, an+ *r'()'* )o (o'n) 3!!n a non-een+!e *er!o+ o !"e +ays ro re/e!* o sa!+ Or+er. S'n. Es)raa * no) *' any (o'n), as noe+ !n e 4June 2014 Jo!n Or+er o e Ou+san.

On 4 June 2014, e Ou+san !ssue+ anoer Jo!n Or+er an+ +en!e+Sen. Esra+a?s $o!on or Re/ons!+era!on o !s 2@ $ar/ 2014 Jo!nResou!on 3!/ oun+ *roae /ause o !n+!/ Sen. Esra+a an+ !s /o-res*on+ens 3! one /oun o *un+er an+ 11 /ouns o "!oa!on o Se/!on;6e7, Re*u!/ A/ No. ;01


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Te Ruivivar /ase, !Be e Reyes44 /ase, 3as aso an a+!n!sra!"e /aseeore e Ou+san. Te Ou+san oun+ *e!!oner Ra/e #ear!Ru!"!"ar a+!n!sra!"ey !ae or +!s/ouresy !n e /ourse o er o!/!aun/!ons an+ !*ose+ on er e *enay o re*r!an+. Pe!!oner !e+ a

o!on or re/ons!+era!on o e +e/!s!on on e roun+ a se 3as nourn!se+ /o*!es o e a!+a"!s o e *r!"ae res*on+en?s 3!nesses. TeOu+san suseueny or+ere+ a *e!!oner e urn!se+ 3! /o*!eso e /ouner-a!+a"!s o *r!"ae res*on+en?s 3!nesses, an+ a*e!!oner sou+ F!e, 3!!n en 6107 +ays ro re/e!* o !s Or+er, su/*ea+!n 3!/ se ay +ee ! un+er e /!r/usan/es.H Pe!!onerre/e!"e+ /o*!es o e a!+a"!s, an+ s!*y !e+ a an!esa!on 3ere sea!na!ne+ a er re/e!* o e a!+a"!s +!+ no aer e +e*r!"a!on oer r! o +ue *ro/ess or /ure e !rreuar!y !n e Ou+san?s +e/!s!ono *ena!e er.

In Ruivivar , *e!!oner re/e!"e+ e a!+a"!s o e *r!"ae res*on+en?s3!nesses a)'r e Ou+san ren+ere+ a +e/!s!on aa!ns er. 9e+!s*ose+ o *e!!oner?s +e*r!"a!on o +ue *ro/ess /a! !n !sannerCanRoes)!ruaa3!raryTe CA De/!s!on +!s!sse+ e *e!!on or ertiorari on e roun+ a e*e!!oner a!e+ o eaus a e a+!n!sra!"e ree+!es a"a!ae o ereore e Ou+san. T!s ru!n !s eay /orre/ as eaus!on oa+!n!sra!"e ree+!es !s a reu!s!e or e !!n o a *e!!on or /er!orar!.Oer an !s ea s!n!!/an/e, o3e"er, t$e ruling neessarily arries t$ediret and i%%ediate i%pliation t$at t$e petitioner $as &een granted t$e

opportunity to &e $eard and $as refused to avail of t$is opportunity > en/e,se /anno /a! +en!a o +ue *ro/ess. In e 3or+s o e CA ru!n !se FPetitioner )as given t$e opportunity &y pu&li respondent to re&ut t$eaffidavits su&%itted &y private respondent. . . and $ad a speedy andade(uate ad%inistrative re%edy &ut s$e failed to avail t$ereof for reasonsonly :no)n to $er .H

%or a uer a**re/!a!on o our ao"e /on/us!on, 3e /ar!y a aouey are se*arae an+ +!s!n/ /on/e*s, eaus!on o a+!n!sra!"eree+!es an+ +ue *ro/ess eo+y !nBe+ an+ reae+ *r!n/!*es. Te

Feaus!onH *r!n/!*e a**!es 3en e ruling ourt or tri&unal !s no !"ene o**orun!y o re-ea!ne !s !n+!ns an+ /on/us!ons e/ause oan availa&le opportunity a a *ary seeB!n re/ourse aa!ns e /our ore r!una?s ru!n o!e+ o aBe. 'n+er e /on/e* o F+ue *ro/ess,H one oer an+, a "!oa!on o//urs 3en a /our or r!una rues aa!ns a party 3!ou !"!n ! or er e o**orun!y o e ear+. Tus, eeaus!on *r!n/!*e !s ase+ on e *ers*e/!"e o e ru!n /our orr!una, 3!e +ue *ro/ess !s /ons!+ere+ ro e *o!n o "!e3 o e


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!!a!n *ary aa!ns 3o a ru!n 3as a+e. Te /oona!y eysare !s !n e sae Fo**orun!yH a un+er!es o. In e /one o e*resen /ase, e a"a!ae o**orun!y o /ons!+er an+ a**re/!ae e*e!!oner?s /ouner-saeen o a/s 3as +en!e+ e Ou+san> en/e,e *e!!oner !s arre+ ro seeB!n re/ourse a e CA e/ause e roun+

se 3ou+ !n"oBe 3as no /ons!+ere+ a a a e Ou+san e"e. A esae !e, e *e!!oner 3o a+ e sae o**orun!y o reu eeae+y-urn!se+ a!+a"!s o e *r!"ae res*on+en?s 3!nesses 3as no+en!e+ an+ /anno no3 /a! +en!a o +ue *ro/ess e/ause se +!+ no aBea+"anae o e o**orun!y o*ene+ o er a e Ou+san e"e.

Te re/or+s so3 a e *e!!oner +uy !e+ a o!on or re/ons!+era!onon +ue *ro/ess roun+s 6i.e., or e *r!"ae res*on+en?s a!ure o urn!ser /o*!es o e a!+a"!s o 3!nesses7 an+ on ues!ons rea!n o ea**re/!a!on o e e"!+en/e on re/or+. Te Ou+san a/e+ on !so!on y !ssu!n !s Or+er o January 1=, 200; eae+y urn!s!n er 3!/o*!es o e *r!"ae res*on+en?s 3!nesses, oeer 3! e Fdiretive tofile! )it$in ten >9?@ days fro% reeipt of t$is #rder! su$ pleading )$i$ s$e%ay dee% fit under t$e iru%stanes.H

G!"en !s o**orun!y o a/ on e eae+y-urn!se+ a!+a"!s, e*e!!oner s!*y /ose o !e a F$an!esa!onH 3ere se ooB e *os!!ona FTe or+er o e Ou+san +ae+ 1= January 200; su**y!n er3! e a!+a"!s o e /o*a!nan +oes no /ure e 04 No"eer 2002or+er,H an+ on !s as!s *raye+ a e Ou+san?s +e/!s!on Fere/ons!+ere+ an+ e /o*a!n +!s!sse+ or a/B o er!.H

%or er *ar, e *r!"ae res*on+en !e+ a Coen8O**os!!on o $o!onor Re/ons!+era!on +ae+ 2= January 200; an+ *raye+ or e +en!a o e*e!!oner?s o!on.

In e %eruary 12, 200; Or+er, e Ou+san +en!e+ e *e!!oner?so!on or re/ons!+era!on aer !n+!n no as!s o aer or o+!y !s ru!n.S!n!!/any, e Ou+san uy +!s/usse+ !n !s Or+er e +ue *ro/esss!n!!/an/e o e *e!!oner?s a!ure o a+euaey res*on+ o e eae+y-urn!se+ a!+a"!s. Te Ou+san sa!+CanRoes)!ruaa3!rary

F'n+oue+y, e res*on+en ere!n as een urn!se+ y !s O!/e 3!/o*!es o e a!+a"!s, 3!/ se /a!s se as no re/e!"e+. %urerore,e res*on+en as een !"en e o**orun!y o *resen er s!+e rea!"eereo, o3e"er, se /ose no o su! /ouner"a!!n e"!+en/e oraruen. Te res*on+en, ereore 6si 7, /anno /a! +en!a o +ue*ro/ess or *ur*oses o assa!!n e De/!s!on !ssue+ !n e *resen /ase. On!s s/ore, e Su*ree Cour e+ !n e /ase o People v. Aot! 2;2 SCRA40, a Fa party cannot feign denial of due process where he had


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the opportunity to present his sideH. T!s e/oes a e ore!*oran s!n/e, as /orre/y *o!ne+ ou y e /o*a!nan, e +e/!s!on!ssue+ !n e *resen /ase !s +eee+ !na an+ una**eaae *ursuan oSe/!on 2= o Re*u!/ A/ ==0, an+ Se/!on =, Rue III o A+!n!sra!"eOr+er No. 0=. )espite the clear provisions of the law and the rules,

the respondent herein was given the opportunity not normallyaccorded, to present her side, but she opted not to do so which is

evidently fatal to her cause.? 'as*s su*'.'n+er ese /!r/usan/es, 3e /anno e* u re/on!e a e*e!!oner?s /ause !s a os one, no ony or er a!ure o eaus era"a!ae a+!n!sra!"e ree+y, u aso on +ue *ro/ess roun+s. ,$e la)an no longer $elp one )$o $ad &een given a%ple opportunity to &e $eard&ut )$o did not ta:e full advantage of t$e proffered $ane.45

Ruivivar a**!es 3! e"en reaer or/e o e *resen Pe!!on e/ause eree a!+a"!s o Sen. Esra+a?s /o-res*on+ens 3ere urn!se+ o! 'or' e Ou+san ren+ere+ er 4 June 2014 Jo!n Or+er.In Ruivivar , e a!+a"!s 3ere urn!se+ a)'r e Ou+san !ssue+ a+e/!s!on.

Jus!/e )eas/o?s +!ssen /!es e /ases o ,atad v. -andigan&ayan4 6,atad 7an+ Duterte v. -andigan&ayan4= 6Duterte7 !n an ae* o *ro* u* !s san+.A /areu rea+!n o ese /ases, o3e"er, 3ou+ so3 a ey +o nosan+ on a ours 3! e *resen /ase. In ,atad , !s Cour rue+ a Fe!nor+!nae +eay !n er!na!n e *re!!nary !n"es!a!on an+ !!n e!nora!on y e Tano+ayan !n e *resen /ase !s "!oa!"e o e/ons!u!onay uaranee+ r! o e *e!!oner o +ue *ro/ess an+ o a

s*ee+y +!s*os!!on o e /ases aa!ns !.H 4@ Te Tano+ayan ooB aosree years o er!nae e *re!!nary !n"es!a!on, +es*!e Pres!+en!aDe/ree No.


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Third. Sen. Esra+a?s *resen Pe!!on or Cer!orar! /ons!ues oruso**!n an+ sou+ e suar!y +!s!sse+.

In !s "er!!/a!on an+ /er!!/a!on o non-oru so**!n !n e *resen

*e!!on !e+ on = $ay 2014, Sen. Esra+a sae+CanRoes)!ruaa3!rary;.1 I, o3e"er, +!s/ose a I a"e !e+ a 0otion for Reonsideration +ae+0= A*r! 2014 !n O$#-C-C-1;-0;1; an+ O$#-C-C-1;-0;)'r'*s no ro*s*on un'r )*s O*('9s Ru's o %ro('ur' 6*( 'n)*)'sr'son'n) )o ' urn*s' a )' **n3s by the other parties .H 6Or+er +ae+ 2= $ar/ 201;, *. ;7


30/121

As su(, S'na)or Es)raa 6as no) ro'ry ar*s' o )' '*'n('o'r' a3a*ns) *, 6*( 6'r' ''n)uay a' )' as's o )'Ousan9s *n*n3 o roa' (aus'.50

Te Ou+san +en!e+ Sen. Esra+a?s $o!on or Re/ons!+era!on !n !s 4

June 2014 Jo!n Or+er. Ceary, Sen. Esra+a e*ressy ra!se+ !n !s $o!onor Re/ons!+era!on 3! e Ou+san e "!oa!on o !s r! o +ue*ro/ess, e sae !ssue e !s ra!s!n !n !s *e!!on.

In e "er!!/a!on an+ /er!!/a!on o non-oru so**!n aa/e+ o !s*e!!on +o/Bee+ as G.R. Nos. 212=1-2 !e+ on 2; June 2014, Sen.Esra+a +!s/ose+ e *en+en/y o e *resen *e!!on, as 3e as oseeore e San+!anayan or e +eer!na!on o e e!sen/e o *roae/ause. In !s *e!!on !n G.R. Nos. 212=1-2, Sen. Esra+a aa!n en!one+e Ou+san?s 2= $ar/ 2014 Jo!n Or+er +eny!n !s Reues.1=. Sen. Esra+a 3as so/Be+ no ony a e O!/e o e Ou+san?s!n+!n o *roae /ause, 3!/ e a!na!ns !s 3!ou ea or a/uaas!s, u aso a su/ !n+!n o *roae /ause 3as *re!se+ on e"!+en/eno +!s/ose+ o !, !n/u+!n ose su:e/ o !s Re(uest to &e "urnis$ed)it$ *opies of *ounter'Affidavits of t$e #t$er Respondents! Affidavits ofNe) +itnesses and #t$er "ilings +ae+ 20 $ar/ 2014.

In *ar!/uar, e O!/e o e Ou+san use+ as as!s or e JointResolution e oo3!n +o/uens -

!. Ae!s G. Se"!+a?s *ounter'Affidavits +ae+ 15 January an+ 24

%eruary 2014>

!!. Denn!s (. Cunanan?s *ounter'Affidavits o +ae+ 20 %eruary 2014>

!!!. %ran/!s/o #. %!ura?s *ounter'Affidavit +ae+ 0@ January 2014>

!". Ruy Tuason?s *ounter'Affidavits o +ae+ 21 %eruary 2014>

". Greor!a G. #uena"enura?s *ounter'Affidavit +ae+ 0 $ar/ 2014>an+

"!. P!!**!ne Da!y Inu!rer On!ne E+!!on ne3s ar!/e en!e+ FBen$urLuy upstages Napoles in -enate 3earingH y Noran #or+a+ora an+ TJ#oron!o, *u!se+ on 0 $ar/ 2014,

none o 3!/ 3ere e"er urn!se+ Sen. Esra+a *r!or o e !ssuan/e o e/aene+ Joint Resolution, +es*!e 3r!en reues.


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II

T&E O%%ICE O% T&E O$#'DS$AN, IN ISS'ING T&E C&A((ENGED J#IN,

RE-#L1,I#N DATED 2@ $ARC& 2014 AND C&A((ENGED J#IN,#RDER DATED 04 J'NE 2014, NOT ON(Y ACTED 9IT&O'T OR IN EKCESSO% ITS J'RISDICTION OR 9IT& GRA)E A#'SE O% DISCRETION A$O'NTINGTO (ACL OR EKCESS O% J'RISDICTION, #'T A(SO )IO(ATED SEN.ESTRADA?S CONSTIT'TIONA( RIG&T TO D'E PROCESS O% (A9 AND TOE'A( PROTECTION O% T&E (A9S.

2.1=

Noay, !n !s Joint #rder +ae+ 0= $ay 2014, e O!/e o e Ou+sane"en ar!rar!y !!e+ e !!n o Sen. Esra+a?s /oen o e"ou!nous +o/uens /o*r!s!n e +o/uens ! urn!se+ Sen. Esra+ao a Fnon-een+!eH *er!o+ o !"e 657 +ays, aB!n ! "!ruay !*oss!eor Sen. Esra+a o a+euaey su+y e /ares e"ee+ aa!ns ! an+!ne!eny res*on+ o e. Te Joint #rder aso a!e+ o +!s/ose ee!sen/e o oer /ouner-a!+a"!s an+ a!e+ o urn!s Sen. Esra+a /o*!eso su/ /ouner-a!+a"!s.51

Sen. Esra+a as no een /an+!+ 3! !s Cour. &!s /a! a e !n+!no *roae /ause 3as e Fso' *ssu'H e ra!se+ eore e Ou+san !n

!s $o!on or Re/ons!+era!on +ae+ = A*r! 2014 !s o"!ousy ase.

$oreo"er, e"en ou Sen. Esra+a a/Bno3e+e+ !s re/e!* o eOu+san?s 4 June 2014 Jo!n Or+er 3!/ +en!e+ !s o!on orre/ons!+era!on o e 2@ $ar/ 2014 Jo!n Resou!on, Sen. Esra+a +!+ noen!on a e 4 June 2014 Jo!n Or+er sae+ a e Ou+san Fe+!n aeyan/e e +!s*os!!on o e o!ons or re/ons!+era!on !n !s*ro/ee+!n !n ! o !s ran o Sen. Esra+a a *er!o+ o !"e +ays rore/e!* o e = $ay 2014 Jo!n Or+er o oray res*on+ o e ao"e-nae+ /o-res*on+en?s /a!s.H

Sen. Esra+a /a!s a !s r!s 3ere "!oae+ u e ous e rues!se.

Te rue aa!ns oru so**!n !s no !!e+ o e u!en o ereu!s!es o litis pendentia.52 To +eer!ne 3eer a *ary "!oae+ e rueaa!ns oru so**!n, e os !*oran a/or o asB !s 3eer eeeens o litis pendentia are *resen, or 6')'r a *na u3'n) *n


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on' (as' 6* aoun) )o res *udicata *n ano)'r.5; 'n+er!r+!n e*r!n/!*e o litis pendentia !s e eory a a *ary !s no ao3e+ o "eanoer ore an on/e rear+!n e sae su:e/ aer an+ or esae /ause o a/!on. T!s eory !s oun+e+ on e *u!/ *o!/y a esae aer sou+ no e e su:e/ o /onro"ersy !n /our ore an

on/e !n or+er a *oss!e /on!/!n :u+ens ay e a"o!+e+, or esaBe o e sa!!y !n e r!s an+ saus o *ersons.54

Des*!e e a/ a 3a e *e!!oners !e+ 3as a ')*)*onor certiorari , a r'(ours' )a) H *n )' usua (ours' an '(aus' o*)s na)ur' an uros' H *s no) (o'r' y )' ru' on oruso*n3. T' '/(')*on ro )' oru so*n3 ru', o6''r, *s)ru' ony 6'r' a ')*)*on or certiorari *s ro'ry or r'3uary*no' *n )' usua (ours' )' '/(')*on o's no) ay 6'n )'r'*' sou3), )rou3 a ')*)*on or certiorari , *s s)* 'n*n3 6*) oras as y') )o ' '(*' y )' r'son'n) (our), )r*una or oy'/'r(*s*n3 u*(*a or 7uas*-u*(*a oy, e.., a o!on orre/ons!+era!on o e or+er assa!e+ "!a a *e!!on or ertiorari un+er Rue5, as !n e *resen /ase. T!s /on/us!on !s su**ore+ an+ srenene+ ySe/!on 1, Rue 5 o e Re"!se+ Rues o Cour 3!/ *ro"!+es a ea"a!a!!y o a ree+y !n e or+!nary /ourse o a3 *re/u+es e !!n o a*e!!on or ertiorari > un+er !s rue, e *e!!on?s +!s!ssa !s ene/essary /onseuen/e ! re/ourse o Rue 5 !s *reaurey aBen.To e sure, )' s*u)an'ous r''*'s )' ')*)*on'rs sou3) (our'su) *n oss*' (on*()*n3 ru*n3s, or a) )' 'ry 'as), )o(o*(a)' s*)ua)*ons, e3een e RTC an+ e Cour o A**eas. Aneree *oss!e resu !s or e a**eae /our o /on!r a e RTC

+e/!s!on !s er!or!ous, ye e RTC ay a e sae !e re/ons!+er !sru!n an+ re/a !s or+er o +!s!ssa. In !s e"enua!y, e resu !s ea!ra!on o e +e/!s!on a e /our a (uo as a/Bra/Be+ on. Oer*erua!ons +e*en+!n on e ru!ns o e 3o /ours an+ e !!n oese ru!ns are *oss!e. In ''ry (as', our us)*(' sys)' su'rs as)*s *n o sar ra()*(' o'ns )' sys)' )o )' oss***)y oan*ua)*on )o un('r)a*n)*'s 6'n (on*() o ru*n3s ar*s' an a)'as) )o '/a)*on or (o*(a)*ons o)'r )an (on*() o ru*n3s.Tus,! aers no a u!aey e Cour o A**eas ay /o*eey aree3! e RTC> 6a) )' ru' on oru so*n3 ar'ss's ar' )'

oss***)y an )' a()ua*)y o *)s aru ''()s on our u*(*asys)'.55

Sen. Esra+a resore+ o s*u)an'ous r''*'s y !!n !s Pe!!onae!n "!oa!on o +ue *ro/ess y e Ou+san e"en as !s $o!on orRe/ons!+era!on ra!s!n e "ery sae !ssue rea!ne+ *en+!n 3! eOu+san. T!s !s *a!n an+ s!*e oru so**!n, 3arran!n our!+!s!ssa o !s Pe!!on./raa3re+


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S"MMARY

Te Ou+san, !n urn!s!n Sen. Esra+a a /o*y o e /o*a!n an+ !ssu**or!n a!+a"!s an+ +o/uens, uy (o*' 3! Se/!ons ; an+ 4o Rue 112 o e Re"!se+ Rues o Cr!!na Pro/e+ure, an+ Se/!on 4, Rue

II o e Rues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o e Ou+san, A+!n!sra!"eOr+er No. =. #o e Re"!se+ Rues o Cr!!na Pro/e+ure an+ e Rues oPro/e+ure o e O!/e o e Ou+san reu!re e !n"es!a!n o!/ero urn!s e res*on+en 3! /o*!es o e a!+a"!s o e /o*a!nan an+a!+a"!s o !s su**or!n 3!nesses. Ne!er o ese Rues reu!re e!n"es!a!n o!/er o urn!s e res*on+en 3! /o*!es o e a!+a"!s o!s /o-res*on+ens. T' r*3) o )' r'son'n) *s ony >)o '/a*n')' '*'n(' submitted by the complainant ,? as e*ressy sae+ !nSe/!on ;67, Rue 112 o e Re"!se+ Rues o Cr!!na Pro/e+ure. T!sCour as uneu!"o/ay rue+ !n Paderanga a FSe/!on ;, Rue 112 o eRe"!se+ Rues o Cr!!na Pro/e+ure e*ressy *ro"!+es a e res*on+ensa ony a"e e r! o su! a /ouner-a!+a"!, o ea!ne a oere"!+en/e su!e+ y e /o*a!nan an+, 3ere e !s/a ses a ear!no *ro*oun+ /ar!!/aory ues!ons o e *ar!es or e!r 3!nesses, o eaor+e+ an o**orun!y o e *resen u 3!ou e r! o ea!ne or/ross-ea!ne.H $oreo"er, Se/!on 4 6a, an (7 o Rue II o eOu+san?s Rue o Pro/e+ure, r'a )o3')'r, ony reu!re e!n"es!a!n o!/er o urn!s e res*on+en 3! /o*!es o e a!+a"!s oe /o*a!nan an+ !s su**or!n 3!nesses. Tere !s no a3 or ruereu!r!n e !n"es!a!n o!/er o urn!s e res*on+en 3! /o*!es oe a!+a"!s o !s /o-res*on+ens.

In e = $ay 2014 Jo!n Or+er, e Ou+san 6'n) 'yon '3au)y an+ e"en urn!se+ Sen. Esra+a 3! /o*!es o e /ouner-a!+a"!so !s /o-res*on+ens 3o e s*e/!!/ay nae+, as 3e as e /ouner-a!+a"!s o soe o oer /o-res*on+ens. In e 4 June 2014 Jo!n Or+er,e Ou+san e"en e+ !n aeyan/e e +!s*os!!on o e o!ons orre/ons!+era!on e/ause e Ou+san rane+ Sen. Esra+a !"e +aysro re/e!* o e = $ay 2014 Jo!n Or+er o oray res*on+ o e /a!sa+e y !s /o-res*on+ens. Te Ou+san a!uy /o*!e+ 3! ee!s!n Rues on *re!!nary !n"es!a!on an+ e"en a//oo+ae+ Sen.

Esra+a eyon+ 3a e Rues reu!re+. Tus, e Ou+san /ou+ no eaue+ 3! ra"e ause o +!s/re!on. S*n(' )*s *s a %')*)*on orC'r)*orar* un'r Ru' 5, )' %')*)*on a*s *n )' as'n(' o 3ra'aus' o *s(r')*on on )' ar) o )' Ousan.

Te /ons!u!ona +ue *ro/ess reu!reens an+ae+ !n Ang ,i&ay , asa*!!e+ !n -I-, are no a**!/ae o *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons 3!/ are/rea!ons o sauory a3 !"!n r!se o ere sauory r!s. A a3 /an


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ao!s *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons 3!ou runn!n aou 3! e/ons!u!ona reu!reens o +ue *ro/ess as *res/r!e+ !n Ang ,i&ay , asa*!!e+ !n -I-. Te *resen *ro/e+ures or *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons +ono /o*y, an+ 3ere ne"er !nen+e+ o /o*y, 3! Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+!n -I-. Pre!!nary !n"es!a!ons +o no a+:u+!/ae 3! !na!y r!s an+

o!a!ons o *ar!es, 3!e a+!n!sra!"e !n"es!a!ons o"erne+ y Ang,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n -I-, so a+:u+!/ae. Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n -I-,reu!res sus)an)*a '*'n(' or a +e/!s!on aa!ns e res*on+en !n ea+!n!sra!"e /ase. In *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons, ony *'*oo orroa**)y o 3u*) !s reu!re+. To a**y Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n -I-,o *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons 3! /ane e uanu o e"!+en/e reu!re+o esa!s *roae /ause. Te res*on+en !n an a+!n!sra!"e /aseo"erne+ y Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n -I-, as e r! o an a/uaear!n an+ o /ross-ea!ne e 3!nesses aa!ns !. In *re!!nary!n"es!a!ons, e res*on+en as no su/ r!s.

Aso, !n an a+!n!sra!"e /ase o"erne+ y Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n -I-,e ear!n o!/er us e*ar)*a an+ /anno e e a/-!n+er,!n"es!aor, an+ ear!n o!/er a e sae !e. In *re!!nary!n"es!a!ons, e sae *u!/ o!/er ay e e !n"es!aor an+ ear!no!/er a e sae !e, or e a/-!n+er, !n"es!aor an+ ear!n o!/eray e un+er e (on)ro an su'r*s*on o e sae *u!/ o!/er, !Bee Ou+san or Se/reary o Jus!/e. T!s e*a!ns 3y Ang ,i&ay , asa*!!e+ !n -I-, +oes no a**y o *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons. To no3+e/are a e u!+e!nes !n Ang ,i&ay , as a*!!e+ !n -I-, areun+aena an+ essen!a reu!reens !n *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons 3!

ren+er a *as an+ *resen *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons !n"a!+ or "!oa!on o/ons!u!ona +ue *ro/ess. T*s 6* 'an r'an*n3 orr'*n's)*3a)*on a (r**na (as's no6 'n*n3 *n a (our)s)rou3ou) )' (oun)ry. No *re!!nary !n"es!a!on /an *ro/ee+ un! ane3 a3 +es!naes a *u!/ o!/er, ous!+e o e *rose/u!on ser"!/e, o+eer!ne *roae /ause. $oreo"er, ose ser"!n senen/es y !na :u+en 3ou+ a"e o e reease+ ro *r!son e/ause e!r /on"!/!on"!oae+ /ons!u!ona +ue *ro/ess.

Sen. Esra+a +!+ no !e a $o!on or Re/ons!+era!on o e 2= $ar/ 2014

Or+er !n O$#-C-C-1;-0;1; +eny!n !s Reues, 3!/ !s e su:e/ o e*resen Pe!!on. &e sou+ a"e !e+ a $o!on or Re/ons!+era!on, !n esae anner a e !e+ a $o!on or Re/ons!+era!on o e 15 $ay 2014Or+er +eny!n !s o!on o sus*en+ *ro/ee+!ns. Te unues!one+ rue !n!s :ur!s+!/!on !s a /er!orar! 3! !e ony ! ere !s no a**ea or any oer*a!n, s*ee+y an+ a+euae ree+y !n e or+!nary /ourse o a3 aa!ns ea/s o e *u!/ res*on+en.5 Te *a!n, s*ee+y an+ a+euae ree+ye*ressy *ro"!+e+ y a3 !s a $o!on or Re/ons!+era!on o e 2= $ar/


35/121

2014 Or+er o e Ou+san. Sen. Esra+a?s a!ure o !e a $o!on orRe/ons!+era!on ren+ers !s Pe!!on r'a)ur'.

Sen. Esra+a aso ra!se+ !n !s Pe!!on e sae !ssue e ra!se+ !n !s$o!on or Re/ons!+era!on o e 2@ $ar/ 2014 Jo!n Resou!on o e

Ou+san !n+!n *roae /ause. 9!e !s $o!on or Re/ons!+era!on oe 2@ $ar/ 2014 Jo!n Resou!on 3as *en+!n, Sen. Esra+a +!+ no 3a!or e resou!on o e Ou+san an+ !nsea+ *ro/ee+e+ o !e e*resen Pe!!on or Cer!orar!. Te Ou+san !ssue+ a Jo!n Or+er on 4June 2014 an+ s*e/!!/ay a++resse+ e !ssue a Sen. Esra+a !s ra!s!n !n!s Pe!!on. Tus, Sen. Esra+a?s *resen Pe!!on or Cer!orar! !s no) onyr'a)ur', *) aso (ons)*)u)'s oru so*n3.

8!EREORE, 3e DISMISS e Pe!!on or Cer!orar! !n G.R. Nos. 212140-41.

SO ORDERED./raa3a3!rary

-ereno! >*$ief Justie@!Peralta! Del *astillo!


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4. Ruy Tuason, *r!"ae res*on+en>

5. Aan A. Ja"eana, Pres!+en, Na!ona Ar!us!ness Cor*ora!on6NA#COR7>

. Gon+e!na G. Aaa, Pres!+en, Na!ona (!"e!oo+ De"eo*enCor*ora!on 6N(DC7>

=. Anon!o Y. Or!, D!re/or Genera, Te/nooy Resour/e Cener 6TRC7>

@. $yene T. En/arna/!on, *r!"ae res*on+en, Pres!+en, Counry3!+e Ar!an+ Rura E/ono!/ an+ De"eo*en %oun+a!on, In/. 6CARED7>

1;. $ar!a N!ne P. Gua!o, ooBBee*er, o!/er-!n-/are, A//oun!nD!"!s!on, NA#COR>

14. $a. Ju!e Asor )!ara"o-Jonson, /!e a//ounan, NA#COR>

15. Ro+ora #uaa+ $en+oa, D!re/or or %!nan/!a $anaeen Ser"!/esan+ )!/e Pres!+en or A+!n!sra!on an+ %!nan/e, NA#COR>

1. Greor!a G. #uena"enura, e*oyee, N(DC>

1=. Ae!s Gan! Se"!+a, D!re/or I), N(DC>

1@. So!a Da!n Cru, C!e %!nan/!a S*e/!a!s, N(DC8Pro:e/ $anaeen

Ass!san I), N(DC>

1

20. %ran/!s/o #a+oa %!ura, e*oyee, TRC>

21. $ar!"!/ ). Jo"er, /!e a//ounan, TRC>


37/121

22. $ar!o (. Rea*aos, 'n+erse/reary or O*era!ons, De*aren o#u+e an+ $anaeen 6D#$7>

2;-25. Rosar!o Nue 6aBa (ea7, (aa!ne Paue 6aBa (aa!ne7, $ar!ou #are6$aou7, e*oyees a e O!/e o e 'n+erse/reary or O*era!ons, D#$>

an+

2. Jon an+ Jane Does

4 O$#-C-C-1;-0;

;. Anon!o Y. Or!, D!re/or Genera, TRC>

4. Aan Aunan Ja"eana, Pres!+en, NA#COR>

5. )!/or Roan Ca/a, Paraea, NA#COR>

. $ar!a N!ne P. Gua!o, ooBBee*er, o!/er-!n-/are, A//oun!nD!"!s!on, NA#COR>

=. Rouo $. Ree"o, e*oyee, NA#COR>

@. $a. Ju!e Asor )!ara"o-Jonson, /!e a//ounan, NA#COR>

10. $a. Rosa!n+a (a/saana, D!re/or III, TRC>

11. $ar!"!/ ). Jo"er, A//ounan III, TRC>

12. Denn!s (. Cunanan, De*uy D!re/or Genera, TRC>

1;. E"eyn Su/an, e*oyee, N(DC>

14. C!a Cua Jaan+on!, De*aren $anaer III, N(DC>

15. Eanue Ae!s G. Se"!+a, D!re/or I), N(DC>


38/121

1. So!a D. Cru, C!e %!nan/!a S*e/!a!s, N(DC> an+

1=. Jane (! Na*oes, *r!"ae res*on+en.

5 Tese 3ere Tuason, Aaa, #uena"enura, Se"!+a, Cru> Su/an,Ja"eana, Ca/a, )!ara"o- Jonson, $en+oa, Gua!o, Cunanan, Jo"er,%!ura, Nue, Paue, #are, an+ Rea*aos.

Rollo, *. =45.

= I+.

@ I+. a ;4-;. S!ne+ y $.A. Cr!s!an O. 'y, Gra In"es!a!on an+Prose/u!on O!/er I), Ca!r*erson, S*e/!a Pane o In"es!aors *er O!/eOr+er No. ;4 (eser O. %!e, Sae So!/!or>Oar $. D!a, Sae So!/!or> $!/ae Geron!o R. Goe, Asso/!aeSo!/!or> Irene $ar!e P. ua, Asso/!ae So!/!or> Par!/B Jose* S. Ta*aes,Asso/!ae So!/!or> Rona+ Jon #. De/ano, Asso/!ae So!/!or> an+ Ae!sIan P. Dea Cru, Aorney II.

15 G.R. No. 1=0512, 5 O/oer 2011, 5@ SCRA 2.


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1 Se/. ;, Rue ) o e Rues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o e Ou+sanrea+s

Se/!on ;. Rules of *ourt! appliation. In a aers no /o"ere+ y eserues, e Rues o Cour sa a**y !n a su**eory anner, or y anaoy

3ene"er *ra/!/ae an+ /on"en!en.

1=0anila Eletri *o%pany v. NLR*! et al., G.R. No. (-0054, 2 Juy 1


40/121

un:us!!ae.

;1*respo v. Judge 0ogul , 2;5 P!. 45 61


41/121

6/7 3ere ere !s an uren ne/ess!y or e resou!on o e ues!on an+any urer +eay 3ou+ *re:u+!/e e !neress o e Go"ernen or o e*e!!oner or e su:e/ aer o e a/!on !s *er!sae>

6+7 3ere, un+er e /!r/usan/es, a o!on or re/ons!+era!on 3ou+ euseess>

6e7 3ere *e!!oner 3as +e*r!"e+ o +ue *ro/ess an+ ere !s ereeuren/y or re!e>

67 3ere, !n a /r!!na /ase, re!e ro an or+er o arres !s uren an+ eran!n o su/ re!e y e r!a Cour !s !*roae>

67 3ere e *ro/ee+!ns !n e o3er /our are a nu!y or a/B o +ue*ro/ess>

67 3ere e *ro/ee+!ns 3as e= parte or !n 3!/ e *e!!oner a+ noo**orun!y o o:e/> an+ 6!7 3ere e !ssue ra!se+ !s one *urey o a3 or3ere *u!/ !neres !s !n"o"e+. 6C!a!ons o!e+7

42Delos Reyes v. "lores, 2@ P!. 1=0 620107> *ervantes v. *ourt of Appeals,512 P!. 210 620057> "lores v. -angguniang Panlala)igan of Pa%panga, 4 Cao v. Perello, 40 P!. 5@ 6200;7.

4; 5@= P!. 100 6200@7.

44 G.R. No. 1=0512, 5 O/oer 2011, 5@ SCRA 2.

45 Su*ra noe 4;, a 11;-11. E*ases !n e or!!na> /!a!ons o!e+.

4 242 P!. 5; 61


42/121

52 %or litis pendenia o !e, e oo3!n reu!s!es us e sa!s!e+

1. I+en!y o *ar!es or re*resena!on !n o /ases>

2. I+en!y o r!s assere+ an+ re!e *raye+ or>

;. Te re!e us e oun+e+ on e sae a/s an+ e sae as!s> an+

4. I+en!y o e 3o *re/e+!n *ar!/uars sou+ e su/ a any :u+en, 3!/ ay e ren+ere+ !n e oer a/!on, 3!, rear+ess o3!/ *ary !s su//essu, aoun o res :u+!/aa on e a/!on un+er/ons!+era!on. -$er)ill Develop%ent *orporation v. -itio -to. Nio Residents Assoiation! In., 500 P!. 2@@, ;01 620057, /!!n -ps. ,irona v. Alejo, 41<P!. 2@5 620017, urer /!!n ,ourist Duty "ree -$ops! In. v.-andigan&ayan, ;@0 P!. ;2@ 620007.

5;0adara v. Perello, 5@4 P!. 1;, 2< 6200@7.

54-ps. ,irona v. Alejo, 41< P!. 2@5, ;0; 620017.

55 Su*ra noe 5;, a 2 !a!/!a!on !n eor!!na.

5Interorient 0ariti%e Enterprises! In. v. NLR* , ;;0 P!. 4


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T' An)'(''n)s

In O$#-C-C-1;-0;1;, a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on /on+u/e+ on e/o*a!n !e+ y e Na!ona #ureau o In"es!a!on 6N#I7 an+ Ay.(e"!o#a!o+ 6Ay. #a!o+7, *e!!oner Sen. J!noyE:er/!o Esra+a 6Sen.

Esra+a7, aon 3! se"era oers, 3as /are+ 3! Pun+er. S!!ary, !nO$#-C-C-1;-0;

47 Ae!s Se"!+a 6Se"!+a7 Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ January 15, 2014 oe N#I Co*a!n an+ Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ %eruary 24, 2014 o eO$#-%IO Co*a!n>

57 So!a D. Cru 6Cru7 Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ January ;1, 2014>

7 E"eyn Su/an 6Su/an7 Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ %eruary 11, 2014>

=7 Aan Ja"eana 6Ja"eana7 T3o 627 Couner-A!+a"!s +ae+ %eruary, 2014>

@7 )!/or Roan Co:a/oCa/a 6Ca/a7 Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ De/eer11, 201; o e O$#-%IO Co*a!n an+ Couner-A!+a"! +ae+January 22, 2014 o e N#I Co*a!n>

107 Ro+ora#uaa+ $en+oa 6$en+oa7 Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ $ar/ ,2014>


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117 $ar!a N!ne P. Gua!o 6Gua!o7 Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ January 2@,2014>

127 Denn!s (. Cunanan 6Cunanan7 T3o 627 Couner-A!+a"!s +ae+%eruary 20, 2014>

1;7 $ar!"!/ ). Jo"er 6Jo"er7 T3o 627 Couner-A!+a"!s +ae+ De/eer 147 %ran/!s/o #. %!ura 6%!ura7 Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ January @, 2014>

157 Rosar!o Nue 6Nue7, (aa!nePaue 6Paue7 an+ $ar!ou #are 6#are7 Jo!n Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ De/eer 1;, 201;> an+

17 $ar!o (. Rea*aos 6Rea*aos7 Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ De/eer1;, 201;.

Ae!n a e+!a re*ors suese+ a !s /o-res*on+ens an+ se"era3!nesses a+e reeren/e !n e!r res*e/!"e a!+a"!s o !s *ur*ore+*ar!/!*a!on !n e so-/ae+ FPDA% s/a,H Sen. Esra+a en !e+ !n O$#-C-C-1;-0;1; a Re(uest to &e "urnis$ed )it$ *opies of *ounter'Affidavits of

t$e #t$er Respondents! Affidavits of Ne) +itnesses and #t$er "ilings +ae+$ar/ 20, 2014 6Re(uest 7 so a e ay e ae o uy reue eaea!ons aa!ns !, ! e !n+s e nee+ o +o so. S*e/!!/ay, Sen.Esra+a reuese+ o e urn!se+ 3! /o*!es o eoo3!nCanRoes)!ruaa3!rarya7 A!+a"! o Ruy Tuason>

7 A!+a"! o Denn!s (. Cunanan>

/7 Couner-A!+a"! o Gon+e!na G. Aaa>

+7 Couner-A!+a"! o $ar!o (. Rea*aos>

e7 Conso!+ae+ Re*y o e N#I, ! one a+ een !e+> an+

7 A!+a"!8Couner-A!+a"!s8Pea+!ns8%!!ns !e+ y a e oerres*on+ens an+8or a++!!ona 3!nesses or e Co*a!nans.

In e assa!e+ Or+er +ae+ $ar/ 2=, 2014, e O!/e o e Ou+san+en!e+ Sen. Esra+a?s Re(uest or e sae+ reason a !s r!s as ares*on+en !n e *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons +e*en+ on e r!s rane+! y a3, an+ a e Rues o Cour an+ A+!n!sra!"e Or+er 6AO7 No. =,or e Rules of Proedure of t$e #ffie of t$e #%&uds%an, ony reu!reres*on+ens o urn!s e!r /ouner-a!+a"!s o e /o*a!nan, an+ no oe!r /o-res*on+ens. &en/e, e Ou+san /on/u+e+ a Sen. Esra+a !sno en!e+, as a aer o r!, o /o*!es o e a!+a"!s o !s /o-

res*on+ens.

Te ne +ay, $ar/ 2@, 2014, e Ou+san !ssue+ a Jo!n Resou!on !nO$#-C-C-1;-0;1; an+ O$#-C-C-1;-0;


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17 Se"!+a?s Couner-A!+a"!s +ae+ January 15 an+ %eruary 24, 2014>

27 Cunanan?s Couner-A!+a"!s o +ae+ %eruary 20, 2014>

;7 %!ura?s Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ January @, 2014>

47 Tuason?s A!+a"!s o +ae+ %eruary 21, 2014>

57 #uena"enura?s Couner-A!+a"! +ae+ $ar/ , 2014> an+

7 P!!**!ne Da!y Inu!rer On!ne E+!!on ne3s ar!/e en!e+ FBen$urLuyupstages Napoles in -enate 3earingH y Noran #or+a+ora an+ TJ#oron!o, *u!se+ on $ay , 2014.

Sen. Esra+a re/e!"e+ o e $ar/ 2=, 2014 Or+er an+ $ar/ 2@, 2014Jo!n Resou!on on A*r! 1, 2014.

On A*r! =, 2014, Sen. Esra+a !ner*ose+ a $o!on or Re/ons!+era!onseeB!n e re"ersa o e a+"ere+ Jo!n Resou!on !n+!n *roae /auseaa!ns !.

On $ay =, 2014, Sen. Esra+a !e+ 3! !s Cour a *e!!on or /er!orar!assa!!n e $ar/ 2=, 2014 Or+er o e Ou+san an+ *ray!n !n ea!n a !s Cour ren+er :u+en +e/ar!n 6a7 a e as een +en!e++ue *ro/ess as a /onseuen/e o e !ssuan/e o e $ar/ 2=, 2014 Or+er,an+ 67 a e $ar/ 2=, 2014 Or+er, as 3e as e *ro/ee+!ns !n O$#-C-C-1;-0;1; an+ O$#-C-C-1;-0;


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reusa, e 3as no aor+e+ su!/!en o**orun!y o ans3er e /aresaa!ns ! /onrary o e Rues o Cour, e Rues o Pro/e+ure o eOu+san, an+ se"era ru!ns o !s Cour a**y!n e +ue *ro/ess/ause !n a+!n!sra!"e /ases.

Tra"ers!n *e!!oner?s ao"e *osure, res*on+ens a"er !n e!r res*e/!"e/oens2 o e !rs *e!!on a Sen. Esra+a 3as !n a/ urn!se+ 3!e +o/uens e reuese+ *er e $ay =, 2014 Jo!n Or+er o eOu+san. %urer, res*on+ens /onen+ a e *resen *e!!on or/er!orar! !e+ y Sen. Esra+a !s *ro/e+uray !n!r as e as a *a!n,s*ee+y an+ a+euae ree+yQe o!on or re/ons!+era!on e !e+ oues!on e $ar/ 2@, 2014 Jo!n Resou!on o e Ou+san. As a/oroary *o!n, e res*on+ens a++ a Sen. Esra+a?s *e!!on "!oaes erue aa!ns oru so**!n, Sen. Esra+a a"!n *resene+ e saearuens !n !s o!on or re/ons!+era!on o e $ar/ 2@, 2014 Jo!nResou!on !e+ 3! e Ou+san.

Parene!/ay, oo3!n !s re/e!* o a /o*y o e O!/e o eOu+san?s Jo!n Or+er +ae+ June 4, 2014 +eny!n !s $o!on orRe/ons!+era!on 6o e Jo!n Resou!on +ae+ $ar/ 2@, 20147, Sen. Esra+a!e+ anoer *e!!on or /er!orar! eore !s Cour, +o/Bee+ as G.R. No.212=1-2./raa3re+

T' Issu'

Te a!n !ssue !n e *e!!on a ar /eners on 3eer e +en!a "!a e

Ou+san?s Or+er o $ar/ 2=, 2014 o *e!!oner?s *ea eo+!e+ !n!s Re(uest /ons!ues, un+er e *re!ses, ra"e ause o+!s/re!on.;/anRoes"!rua(a3!rary

T' Maor*)y9s D'(*s*on

Te ponenia o Jus!/e Car*!o +en!es e *e!!on on e oo3!nroun+sCanRoes)!ruaa3!rary17 Tere !s su**ose+y no a3 or rue 3!/ reu!res e Ou+san o

urn!s a res*on+en 3! /o*!es o e /ouner-a!+a"!s o !s /o-res*on+ens>

27 Sen. Esra+a?s *resen re/ourse !s aee+y *reaure> an+

;7 Sen. Esra+a?s *e!!on *ur*ore+y /ons!ues oru so**!n asou+ e suar!y +!s!sse+.

My D*ss'n)


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I +o no aree 3! e /on/us!ons rea/e+ y e a:or!y or as!/reasons o e +!s/usse+ sory. #u !rs, a /ons!+era!on o e ree"an*ro/e+ura /on/erns ra!se+ y e res*on+ens an+ susa!ne+ ye ponenia.

%')*)*on'r9s o)*on or r'(ons*'ra)*on a3a*ns) )' Jo*n) R'sou)*on*s no) a a*n, s''y, an a'7ua)' r''y.

'n+er Se/!on 1, Rue 5 o e Rues o Cour, a *e!!on or /er!orar! !sony a"a!ae ! Fere !s no a**ea, nor any *a!n, s*ee+y, an+ a+euaeree+y !n e or+!nary /ourse o a3.H In e !nsan /ase, Sen. Esra+aa+!s o no !!n a o!on or re/ons!+era!on aa!ns e assa!e+ $ar/2=, 2014 Or+er, u /a!s a e a+ no /an/e o +o so as e Or+er 3asaos s!uaneousy ser"e+ 3! e $ar/ 2@, 2014 *roae /ause!n+!n Jo!n Resou!on. Res*on+ens, on e oer an+, /ouner a eare a/ a Sen. Esra+a !e+ a o!on or re/ons!+era!on o e $ar/2@, 2014 Jo!n Resou!on so3s a a F*a!n, s*ee+y, an+ a+euaeree+yH 3as a"a!ae o !. Sen. Esra+a /anno, ereore, a"a! o eeraor+!nary ree+y o /er!orar!, so res*on+ens arue.

I /anno a/u!es/e 3! res*on+ens? asser!on a e o!on orre/ons!+era!on o e Jo!n Resou!on !n+!n *roae /ause o !n+!/*e!!oner !s, "!s-U-"!s e +en!a Or+er o $ar/ 2=, 2014, eu!"aen o e F*a!n, s*ee+y, an+ a+euae ree+yH un+er Rue 5. T!s Cour as +e!ne+su/ ree+y as Fone 3!/ 63ou+7 euay 6e7 ene!/!a, s*ee+y an+

su!/!en no erey a ree+y 3!/ a soe !e !n e uure 3! r!naou a re"!"a o e :u+en /o*a!ne+ o !n e /er!orar!*ro/ee+!n, u a ree+y 3!/ 3! pro%ptly re!e"e e *e!!oner ro e!n:ur!ous ee/s o a :u+en an+ e a/s o e !ner!or /our orr!una? /on/erne+.H 4 T!s !n urn /ou+ ony ean a ony su/ ree+ya /an en:o!n e !e+!ae enor/ea!!y o e assa!e+ or+er /an*re/u+e e a"a!a!!y o e ree+y un+er Rue 5 o e Rues o Cour.Noay, Se/!on =67 o e Rues o Pro/e+ure o e O!/e o Ou+san!s /aeor!/a a e"en a o!on or re/ons!+era!on o an !ssuan/e !n+!n*roae /ause /anno ar e !!n o e

!nora!onCanRoes)!ruaa3!rarySe/!on =. $o!on or Re/ons!+era!on

7 Te !!n o a o)*on or r'(ons*'ra)*on 8re!n"es!a!on sa no)ar )' **n3 o )' (orr'son*n3 *nora)*on *n Cour) on e as!s o e !n+!n o *roae /ause !n e resou!on su:e/ o e o!on.5

&en/e, Sen. Esra+a ay "ery 3e e su:e/e+ o e r!ors o a /r!!na*rose/u!on !n /our e"en ! ere !s a *en+!n ues!on rear+!n e


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Ou+san?s ra"e ause o !s +!s/re!on *re/e+!n e !n+!n o a*roae /ause o !n+!/ !. &!s o!on or re/ons!+era!on o e Jo!nResou!on !s /eary no e F*a!n, s*ee+y, an+ a+euae ree+y !n eor+!nary /ourse o a3H a /an ar a Rue 5 re/ourse o ues!on e*ro*r!ey o e Ou+san?s reusa o urn!s ! /o*!es o e a!+a"!s

o !s /o-res*on+ens. Oer3!se sae+, Sen. Esra+a?s *resen re/ourse !sno *reaure.

T' (on(urr'n(' o )' r's'n) ')*)*on an )' o)*on orr'(ons*'ra)*on *' 6*) )' Ousan o's no) aoun) )ooru so*n3.

Te a:or!y, o3e"er, a!na!ns a *e!!oner?s !!n o e *resen*e!!on 3!e !s o!on or re/ons!+era!on o e :o!n resou!on 3as*en+!n, /ons!ues a "!oa!on o e rue aa!ns oru so**!n. Tea:or!y a!na!ns a Sen. Esra+a?s o!on or re/ons!+era!on eore eO!/e o e Ou+san su**ose+y /ona!ne+ e sae aruens era!se+ !n e *e!!on a ar.

Tere !s a "!oa!on o e rue aa!ns oru so**!n 3en e reu!s!esor e e!sen/e o litis pendentia are *resen. Tus, ere !s oruso**!n 3en e oo3!n reu!s!es /on/ur 617 !+en!y o *ar!es !n oa/!ons> 627 !+en!y o r!s assere+ an+ re!es *raye+ or, e re!es e!noun+e+ on e sae a/s> an+ 6;7 any :u+en a ay e ren+ere+ !ne *en+!n /ase, rear+ess o 3!/ *ary !s su//essu, 3ou+ aouno res judiata !n e oer /ase.=I su! a )'r' *s no sus*s)'n(' o

)'s' '''n)s *n )' r's'n) (as', as e a:or!y *os!s.

As o e !rs reu!s!e, ! !s o"!ous a e O!/e o e Ou+san, ea!n res*on+en !n !s *e!!on, !s no a *ary !n e /ase 3ere e o!onor re/ons!+era!on 3as !e+ y Sen. Esra+a. Te reu!re+ !+en!y o *ar!es!s, ereore, no *resen.

Te roe o e O!/e o e Ou+san, as a res*on+en !n !s /er!orar!*ro/ee+!n, !s no ony ree"an !n e +eer!na!on o e e!sen/e o e!rs reu!s!e. I !s aso !n+!/a!"e o e asen/e o e se/on+ reu!s!e.

In !s *e!!on or /er!orar!, Sen. Esra+a e3a!s e aee+ ra"e ause o+!s/re!on o e O!/e o Ou+san !n +eny!n !s reues o e urn!se+3! /o*!es o e a!+a"!s o !s /o-res*on+ens. &en/e, *e!!oner *raysa e +eny!n Or+er an+ a *ro/ee+!ns suseuen o e !ssuan/e oe Or+er e /ons!+ere+ nu an+ "o!+. On e oer an+, e o!on orre/ons!+era!on us !ner*ose+ 3! e O!/e o Ou+san y Sen.Esra+a /onen+s a e orer erre+ !n !n+!n *roae /ause o !n+!/


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! or *un+er an+ "!oa!on o RA ;01


50/121

ro)'()*on 6as no) a((or' )o *. Te $ay =, 2014 Or+er /anno,ereore, /an/e e O!/e o e Ou+san?s /o!ss!on o ra"e auseo +!s/re!on !n r!!n 3!, an+ nee/!n o oser"e, Sen. Esra+a?s/ons!u!ona r! o +ue *ro/ess.

I !s rue a, !n e *as, e Cour as ao3e+ e eae+ +!s/osure ye Ou+san o a res*on+en o a!+a"!s /ona!n!n !n/r!!na!naea!ons aa!ns !. T!s ay *oss!y e e reason 3y eOu+san +e"!ae+ ro e s*!r! o +ue *ro/ess, 3!/, a !s !n!u,!s o ao3 a res*on+en prior no!/e an+ aor+ ! su!/!en o**orun!y oe ear+ &efore a +e/!s!on !s ren+ere+ aa!ns !.T!s /anno e ureroerae+. A '(*s*on )o *n*() a 'rson us) no) ony ' as' onroa' (aus' u) aso 6*) u' r'3ar )o )' (ons)*)u)*ona r*3)so )' ar)*'s )o u' ro('ss.

Rey!n on e /ase o Ruivivar v. #ffie of t$e #%&uds%an,@ e a:or!ya!na!ns a *e!!oner?s r! o +ue *ro/ess a+ no een "!oae+, as eO!/e o e Ou+san eae+y urn!se+ ! 3!so%e o e a!+a"!sa e reuese+ on $ay =, 2014, eore e sa!+ O!/e ren+ere+ !s June4, 2014 Jo!n Or+er.

I !s 3ory o noe a Sen. Esra+a reuese+ a e e urn!se+ 3! Fa!+a"!8/ouner-a!+a"!s8*ea+!ns8!!ns !e+ y a e oerres*on+ens an+8or a++!!ona 3!nesses or e /o*a!nans.H Ye, Sen.Esra+a 3as ony urn!se+ 3! e a!+a"!s o se"en 6=7 o !s /o-res*on+ens. &!s reues o e !"en /o*!es o e a!+a"!s o e oer

n!ne 6


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(ons)*)u)*ona r*3) )o u' ro('ss--)o ' 3*'n )' oor)un*)y )o ''ar an a' a decision rendered based on evidence disclosed tohima ar'ay ''n *oa)'. I) (anno) ' r''*' y an*nsu*(*'n) an 'a)' r'(ons*'ra)*on o ')*)*on'r9s r'7u's). 9a!s ore, ! sees a e +o/r!ne a!+ +o3n !n Ruivivar !s no /ons!sen

3! e essen/e o e +ue *ro/ess o e ear+ eore a +e/!s!on !sren+ere+.

T!s Cour as !e an+ aa!n +e/are+ a e Foo an+ a/a+e!/H*r!n/!*e !s no a a!/a orua a auoa!/ay +!ssua+es /ours !nreso"!n a /ase. 67 e s!ua!on !s o e/e*!ona /ara/er an+ *araoun*u!/ !neres !s !n"o"e+> 6/7 e /ons!u!ona !ssue ra!se+ reu!resorua!on o /onro!n *r!n/!*es o u!+e e en/, e ar, an+ e*u!/> an+ 6+7 e /ase !s /a*ae o re*e!!on ye e"a+!nre"!e3.10/anRoes"!rua(a3!rary

Tus, e"en assu!n arguendo a e *resen *e!!on !s ooe+ y eOu+san?s $ay =, 2014 Jo!n Resou!on, ! !s unues!onae a/ons!+er!n e noor!ey o e *e!!oner an+ e ra"e "!oa!on o eCons!u!on e assers, e a:or!y sou+ a"e a"a!e+ !se o e!rres!s!e o**orun!y o se a /onro!n u!+e!ne on e r! o ares*on+en o e urn!se+, u*on reasonae +ean+, o a e"!+en/e use+aa!ns ! +ur!n a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on eore a resou!on ereon !s!ssue+.

R'son'n) Ousan (o*))' 3ra' aus' o *s(r')*on 6'n*) *sr'3ar' S'n. Es)raa9s r*3) )o a *s(osur' o a )' '*'n('a3a*ns) * *n )' r'**nary *n's)*3a)*on.

A *re!!nary !n"es!a!on !s a saeuar+ !nen+e+ o *roe/ !n+!"!+uasro an ause o e o"er3e!n *rose/uor!a *o3er o e sae. Is*es or a /!!en e +!eren/e e3een ons, ! no years, o aon!!nr!a an+ :a! er, on one an+, an+ *ea/e o !n+ an+ !ery on e oeran+.11 In 1y v. #ffie of t$e #%&uds%an,12 9e

rue+CanRoes)!ruaa3!raryA *re!!nary !n"es!a!on !s e+ eore an a//use+ !s *a/e+ on r!a ose/ure e !nno/en aa!ns asy, a!/!ous, an+ o**ress!"e *rose/u!on> o*roe/ ! ro an o*en an+ *u!/ a//usa!on o a /r!e, as 3e as roe roue, e*enses, an+ an!ey o a *u!/ r!a. I !s aso !nen+e+ o*roe/ e sae ro a"!n o /on+u/ useess an+ e*ens!"e r!as. 9!ee r! !s sauory raer an /ons!u!ona, ! !s a /o*onen o +ue*ro/ess !n a+!n!ser!n /r!!na :us!/e. Te r! o a"e a *re!!nary


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!n"es!a!on /on+u/e+ eore e!n oun+ or r!a an+ eore e!ne*ose+ o e r!sB o !n/ar/era!on an+ *enay !s no a ere ora ore/n!/a r!> ! !s a susan!"e r!.To 'ny )' a((us'@s (a* )o ar'**nary *n's)*3a)*on *s )o 'r*' * o )' u 'asur' o *sr*3) )o u' ro('ss.1;

Tus, )*s Cour) a (ara()'r*F' a r'**nary *n's)*3a)*on asa substantive right or*n3 ar) o u' ro('ss *n (r**na

us)*('14an+, /onrary o Jus!/e (eonen?s *os!!on, ! !s no erey ae/n!/a reu!reen a /an e +one a3ay or as!y /on+u/e+ y saeaen/!es. As eoueny *u y Jus!/e #r!on, Fo e sure, /r!!na :us!/er!s /anno e susan!"e a e /uso+!a !n"es!a!on sae, ony o eess an !s a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on, an+ en reurn o !s susan!"e/ara/er 3en /r!!na r!a sars.H

In Cusop v. 3on. -andigan&ayan,15!s Cour e*as!e+ e susan!"eas*e/ o *re!!nary !n"es!a!on an+ !s /ru/!a roe !n e /r!!na :us!/esyseCanRoes)!ruaa3!rary8' s)r'ss )a) )' r*3) )o r'**nary *n's)*3a)*on *s sus)an)*',no) 'r'y ora or )'(n*(a. To 'ny *) )o ')*)*on'r 6ou 'r*'* o )' u 'asur' o *s r*3) )o u' ro('ss. &en/e, *re!!nary!n"es!a!on 3! rear+ o ! us e /on+u/e+./raa3re+

In any e"en, ''n )' Ousan a3r''s )a) ')*)*on'r 6as'r*' o )*s r*3) an '*''s )a) )' as*( ru*'n)s o u'

ro('ss ar' (o*' 6*). %or !s *ar, e San+!anayan o*e+ orea!n s!en 3en asBe+ y !s Cour o /oen on e Pe!!on.1

%urerore, a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on !s no a one-s!+e+ aa!r> ! aBes ona+"ersar!a ua!y1= 3ere e +ue *ro/ess r!s o o e sae an+ eres*on+ens us e /ons!+ere+. I !s no erey !nen+e+ o ser"e e*ur*ose o e *rose/u!on. Raer, !s *ur*ose !s o se/ure e !nno/enaa!ns asy, a!/!ous an+ o**ress!"e *rose/u!on, an+ o *roe/ ! roan o*en an+ *u!/ a//usa!on o a /r!e, ro e roue, e*enses an+an!ey o *u!/ r!a.1@ A e sae !e, ! !s +es!ne+ o *roe/ e saero a"!n o /on+u/ useess an+ e*ens!"e r!as.1


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r*3) )o a' a r'**nary *n's)*3a)*on /on+u/e+ eore e!n oun+o"er or r!a or a /r!!na oense an+ en/e oray a r!sB o !n/ar/era!onor soe oer *enay, *s no) a 'r' ora or )'(n*(a r*3) *) *s asus)an)*' r*3).H 21

As su/, *re!!nary !n"es!a!ons us e srupulously /on+u/e+ so a

e /ons!u!ona r! o !ery o a *oen!a a//use+ /an e *roe/e+ro any aer!a +aae.22 T!s Cour sa!+ so !n er:en v.Fuintos,2; usCanRoes)!ruaa3!raryI !s ar+y ne/essary o re/a a ose 3o !n+ ese"es !n e eseso e /r!!na :us!/e syse are en!e+ o *re!!nary !n"es!a!on !nor+er o se/ure ose 3o are !nno/en aa!ns asy, a!/!ous, an+o**ress!"e *rose/u!on an+ *roe/ e ro e !n/on"en!en/e, e*ense,roue, an+ sress o +een+!n ese"es !n e /ourse o a ora r!a.Te r! o a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on !s a susan!"e r!, a +en!a o3!/ /ons!ues a +e*r!"a!on o e a//use+?s r! o +ue *ro/ess. Su/+e*r!"a!on o e r! o +ue *ro/ess !s ara"ae+ 3ere e a//use+ !s+ea!ne+ 3!ou a! or !s *ro"!s!ona !ery. A//or+!ny, *) *s *or)an))a) )os' (ar3' 6*) )' u)y o (onu()*n3 r'**nary*n's)*3a)*ons o so s(ruuousy *n a((oran(' 6*) )' ro('ur'ro*' *n )' R'*s' Ru's o Cr**na %ro('ur'.24

In !s /ase, a /areu oser"an/e o e *ro/e+ure ou!ne+ !n Rue II o AONo. =,oer3!se Bno3n as e Rules of Proedure of t$e #ffie of t$e#%&uds%an !s, ereore, !*era!"e. Se/!on 4, Rue II o AO No. =*ro"!+es a )' r'son'n) *n a r'**nary *n's)*3a)*on sa a'a(('ss )o )' '*'n(' on r'(or, vi2 CanRoes)!ruaa3!rarySe/. 4. Proedure. Te *re!!nary !n"es!a!on o /ases a!n un+er e

:ur!s+!/!on o e San+!anayan an+ Re!ona Tr!a Cours sa e/on+u/e+ !n e anner *res/r!e+ !n Se/!on ;, Rue 112 o e Rues oCour, su:e/ o e oo3!n *ro"!s!ons

6a7 I e /o*a!n !s no un+er oa or !s ase+ soey on o!/!a re*ors,e !n"es!a!n o!/er sa reu!re e /o*a!nan or su**or!n3!nesses o ee/ue a!+a"!s o susan!ae e /o*a!ns.

67 Aer su/ a!+a"! a"e een se/ure+, e !n"es!a!n o!/er sa!ssue an or+er, aa/!n ereo a /o*y o e a!+a"!s an+ oer

su**or!n +o/uens, +!re/!n e res*on+ens o su!, 3!!n en 6107+ays ro re/e!* ereo, !s /ouner-a!+a"!s an+ /onro"er!n e"!+en/e3! *roo o ser"!/e ereo on e /o*a!nan. Te /o*a!nans ay !ere*y a!+a"!s 3!!n 6107 +ays aer ser"!/e o e /ouner-a!+a"!s.

6/7 I e res*on+en +oes no !e a /ouner-a!+a"!. Te !n"es!a!no!/er ay /ons!+er e /oen !e+ y !, ! any, as !s ans3er o e


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/o*a!n. In any e"en,t$e respondent s$all $ave aess to t$e evidene onreord .25

In /onsru!n e oreo!n *ro"!s!on, o3e"er, e Ou+san !s o e"!e3 a e res*on+en?s, e *e!!oner?s !n !s /ase, a//ess !s !!e+ony o e +o/uens su!e+ y e /o*a!nan, an+ no !s /o-

res*on+ens. Tus, !n !s $ar/ 2=, 2014 Or+er +eny!n Sen. Esra+a?sreues o e urn!se+ 3! /o*!es o e a!+a"!s o !s /o-res*on+ens,res*on+en Ou+san e+CanRoes)!ruaa3!raryT!s O!/e !n+s o3e"er !n+s 6s!/7 a e oreo!n *ro"!s!ons +o noen!e res*on+en o e urn!se+ a e !!ns o e res*on+ens./raa3re+

I !s o e noe+ a ere !s no *ro"!s!on un+er !s O!/e?s Rues oPro/e+ure 3!/ en!es res*on+en o e urn!se+ all t$e filings &y t$eot$er parties, e. e res*on+ens. Ruy Tuason, Denn!s Cunanan, Gon+e!naG. Aaa an+ $ar!o (. Rea*aos ese"es are a res*on+ens !n ese/ases. 'n+er e Rues o Cour as 3e as e Rues o Pro/e+ure o eO!/e o e Ou+san, e res*on+ens are ony r'7u*r' )ourn*se!r /ouner-a!+a"!s an+ /onro"er!n e"!+en/e )o)' (oa*nan), an+ no) o e oer res*on+ens.'norunaey, e a:or!y as sus/r!e+ o e Ou+san?s *os!!ona!na!n!n a Se/!ons ; an+ 4 o Rue 112 o e Rues o Cour2 onyreu!re a a res*on+en e urn!se+ 3! e /o*!es o e a!+a"!s o e/o*a!nan an+ e /o*a!nan?s su**or!n 3!nesses, an+ no ea!+a"!s o !s /o-res*on+ens.

Cera!ny, e a:or!y as nee/e+ o /ons!+er a AO No. : or)' Rules of rocedure of the -ffice of the -mbudsman r'a*s o'r)' ro*s*ons o )' Ru's o Cour) *n *n's)*3a)*ons (onu()' y)' Ousan. T!s !s *a!n an+ un!saBae ro Se/!on ;, Rue ) oAO No. =, 3!/ saes a e Rues o Cour sa a**y ony !n asu**eory /ara/er an+ ony !n aers no *ro"!+e+ y e O!/e o eOu+san?s o3n ruesCanRoes)!ruaa3!rarySe/!on ;. Rules of *ourt! appliation. In a a))'rs no) ro*' *n)'s' ru's, )' Ru's o Cour) sa ay *n a su')ory (ara()'r,or y anaoy 3ene"er *ra/!/ae an+ /on"en!en.2=

As Se/!on 46/7 o AO No. =, or e O!/e o e Ou+san?s "ery o3nRues o Pro/e+ure,/eary *ro"!+es a a res*on+en sa a"e a//ess o ae F'*'n(' on r'(orH 3!ou +!s/r!!na!n as o e or!!n ereoan+ rear+ess o 3eer su/ e"!+en/e /ae ro e /o*a!nan oranoer res*on+en, e *ro"!s!ons o e Rues o Cour su**ose+y !!!na res*on+en?s a//ess o e a!+a"!s o e /o*a!n ony !s not a**!/aeo !n"es!a!ons /on+u/e+ y e Ou+san. Pu *!uany,


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!s restrictive misconstruction o S'()*ons + an 4 o )' Ru's oCour) (anno) ' a*' )o S'n. Es)raa )o 'r*' * o *s r*3) )ou' ro('ss ('ary s'' ou) *n AO No. :.

In a/, a *ro*er an+ aron!ous un+ersan+!n o Se/!ons ; an+ 4 o e

Rues o Cour "!s-U-"!s Se/!on 4 6/7 o AO No. = 3! re"ea a e/oon +eno!naor o ese *ro"!s!ons !s e *r!n/!*e a a res*on+en!n a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on e aor+e+ su!/!en o**orun!y o *resen/onro"er!n e"!+en/e eore a :u+en !n a *ro/ee+!n !s ren+ere+aa!ns !. &en/e, a r'son'n) *n a r'**nary *n's)*3a)*on (anno)' 'n*' (o*'s o )' (oun)'r-a*a*)s o *s (o-r'son'n)ssou )'y (on)a*n '*'n(' )a) 6* *'y *n(r**na)' * or )'(r*'s as(r*' )o *.

In+ee+, 3!e e +o/uens 3!e+ y e O!/e o e Ou+san aya"e een su!e+ y Sen. Esra+a?s /o-res*on+ens, ey /ons!uee"!+en/e aa!ns !, no un!Be e a!+a"!s o e /o*a!nans. Sen.Esra+a, ereore, a+ e r! o e !"en /o*!es ereo an+ ano**orun!y o /onro"er e aea!ons /ona!ne+ ere!n *ursuan oSe/!on 4 6/7 o AO No. =.

$ore an e *ro"!s!ons o e!er *ro/e+ura rues, !s Cour /anno nee/e /ons!u!ona *re/e* un+er*!nn!n ese rues a Fno *erson sa e+e*r!"e+ o !e, !ery, or *ro*ery 3!ou +ue *ro/ess o a3.H 2@ T''ss'n(' o u' ro('ss 'r'a)*n3 )' ru's 3o'rn*n3 (r**naro(''*n3s *s )a) )' r'son'n) us) ' aor' )' r*3) )o '

'ar 'or' a '(*s*on *s r'n'r' a3a*ns) *. T*s r*3) us)n'('ssar*y ' r'*(a)' on )' oor)un*)y )o no6 a )'a'3a)*ons a3a*ns) *, ' )'y (on)a*n' *n )' a*a*)s o )'(oa*nan) or o ano)'r r'son'n).

A res*on+en !n a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on /anno, ereore, e +en!e+/o*!es o e /ouner-a!+a"!s o !s /o-res*on+ens sou+ ey /ona!ne"!+en/e a 3! !Bey !n/r!!nae ! or e /r!es /are+. In oer3or+s, ! eoo"es e O!/e o e Ou+san o rea a res*on+en?s/ouner-a!+a"! /ona!n!n !n/r!!na!n aea!ons aa!ns a /o-res*on+en

as *araB!n e naure o a /o*a!n-a!+a"!, !nsoar as e !*!/ae+res*on+en !s /on/erne+. Tus, ! !s y o*!n!on a e O!/e o eOu+san sou+ oo3 e sae *ro/e+ure oser"e+ 3en a /o*a!n!s !rs o+e+ 3! !, i.e., urn!s a /o*y o e res*on+en !n/r!!nae+ !ne /ouner-a!+a"! an+ !"e ! su!/!en !e o ans3er e aea!ons/ona!ne+ ere!n. I nee+ no 3a! or a reues or a o!on ro e!*!/ae+ res*on+en o e !"en /o*!es o e a!+a"!s /ona!n!n eaea!ons aa!ns !. A reues or o!on o e urn!se+ a+e y e


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res*on+en au+e+ o !n e /ouner-a!+a"!s aBes e *eroran/e osu/ +uy y e O!/e o e Ou+san ore uren.

In e se!na /ase o Ang,i&ay v. *ourt of Industrial Relations,2


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a+!n!sra!"e *ro/ee+!ns reu!res /o*!an/e 3! e oo3!n /ar+!na*r!n/!*es 617 e res*on+ens? r! o a ear!n, 3!/ !n/u+es e r!o *resen one?s /ase an+ su! su**or!n e"!+en/e, us e oser"e+>627 e r!una us /ons!+er e e"!+en/e *resene+> 6;7 e +e/!s!on usa"e soe as!s o su**or !se> 647 ere us e susan!a e"!+en/e>

657 the decision must be rendered on the evidence presented at thehearing, or at least contained in the record and disclosed to the

parties affected > 67 !n arr!"!n a a +e/!s!on, e r!una us a"e a/e+on !s o3n /ons!+era!on o e a3 an+ e a/s o e /onro"ersy an+us no a"e s!*y a//e*e+ e "!e3s o a suor+!nae> an+ 6=7 e+e/!s!on us e ren+ere+ !n su/ anner a res*on+ens 3ou+ Bno3 ereasons or ! an+ e "ar!ous !ssues !n"o"e+.

In e *resen /ase, e ! reu!reen sae+ ao"e 3as no /o*!e+3!. Reyes 3as no *ro*ery a**r!se+ o e e"!+en/e oere+ aa!ns !,3!/ 3ere e"enuay a+e e ases o *e!!oner?s +e/!s!on a oun+ !u!y o ra"e !s/on+u/.;2

I !s rue a, !n !s /ase, e a!ure o urn!s /o*!es o e /ouner-a!+a"!s a**ene+ !n a *re!!nary !n"es!a!on, an+ no !n ana+!n!sra!"e *ro/ee+!n as 3a a**ene+ !n Reyes. Tere !s !Be3!se noa!nsay!n a e uana o *roo an+ a+:e/!"e rues e3een a*re!!nary !n"es!a!on an+ an a+!n!sra!"e *ro/ee+!n +!er. In a/, F!n a+!n!sra!"e *ro/ee+!ns e e/n!/a rues o *ea+!n an+*ro/e+ure, an+ o e"!+en/e, are no sr!/y a+ere+ o> ey a**y onysu**eor!y.H ;;/anRoes"!rua(a3!rary

Ye, ! us e noe+ a +es*!e e *ro/e+ura en!en/y ao3e+ !na+!n!sra!"e *ro/ee+!ns, Reyess! reu!re+ a e res*on+en eurn!se+ 3! /o*!es o e a!+a"!s o !s /o-res*on+en o !"e ! Fa a!ro**orun!y o suarey an+ !ne!eny ans3er e a//usa!ons ere!n or ooer any reua e"!+en/e ereo.H Aa!n, Reyes 3as ren+ere+ !n a /ase3ere a saBe 3as, a 3ors, ony e r! o e res*on+en o o+ a*u!/ o!/e.

In e *resen /ase, Sen. Esra+a !s no ony on e r!nB o os!n !s r!o o+ *u!/ o!/e u aso o e!n +rae+ o an o*en an+ *u!/ r!a or

a ser!ous /r!e 3ere e ay no ony ose !s o!/e an+ oo+ nae, uaso !s !ery, 3!/, ase+ on e !erar/y o /ons!u!onay *roe/e+r!s, !s se/on+ ony o !e !se.;4 In a "ery rea sense, e oser"an/e o+ue *ro/ess !s e"en ore !*era!"e !n e *resen /ase.

In a/, !s Cour !n 1y v. #ffie of #%&uds%an;5a**!e+ e san+ar+s o Fa+!n!sra!"eH +ue *ro/ess ou!ne+ !n Ang,i&ay o e /on+u/ o


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*re!!nary !n"es!a!on y e Ou+san. 9roe !s Cour!n1y CanRoes)!ruaa3!raryAs !n a /our *ro/ee+!n 6ae! 3! a**ro*r!ae a+:usens e/ause ! !sessen!ay s! an a+!n!sra!"e *ro/ee+!n !n 3!/ e *rose/uor or!n"es!a!n o!/er !s a uas!-:u+!/!a o!/er y e naure o !s

un/!ons7, a r'**nary *n's)*3a)*on *s su'() )o )' r'7u*r''n)so o) sus)an)*' an ro('ura u' ro('ss. T!s "!e3 ay e esssr!/ !n !s orua!on an 3a 3e e+ !n Co:uan/o, Jr. "s. PCGG, e a.3en 3e sa!+

In ! o e +ue *ro/ess reu!reen, )' s)anars )a) a) )' 'ry'as) assu' 3r'a) a)'r*a*)y an s*3n**(an(' ar' )os' 'nun(*a)'*n )' 'a*n3 (as' o AngTibay v. ourt of !ndustrial Relations. T!s/ase !nsru/!"ey es us - !n +e!n!n e as!/ +ue *ro/ess saeuar+s !na+!n!sra!"e *ro/ee+!ns - a e +e/!s!on 6y an a+!n!sra!"e o+y7us e ren+ere+ on e e"!+en/e *resene+ a e ear!n, or a eas/ona!ne+ !n e re/or+ an+ +!s/ose+ o e *ar!es ae/e+> ony y/on!n!n e a+!n!sra!"e r!una o e e"!+en/e +!s/ose+ o e *ar!es,/an e aer e *roe/e+ !n e!r r! o Bno3 an+ ee e /ase aa!nse> ! sou+ no, o3e"er, +era/ ro e r!unaMs +uy o a/!"ey seea e a3 !s enor/e+, an+ or a *ur*ose, o use e auor!e+ eaeo+s o se/ur!n e"!+en/e an+ !nor!n !se o a/s aer!a an+ree"an o e /onro"ersy.

$!n+u o ese /ons!+era!ons, 3e o+ a e *e!!onerMs r! o +ue*ro/ess as een "!oae+.;

I us e e*as!e+ a, 's*)' )' ar*an(' *n )' 7uan)a o'*'n(' r'7u*r', a un*or os'ran(' o )' s*n3uar (on(') ou' ro('ss *s *n*s'nsa' *n a ro(''*n3s. In aria v.0olina,;= !s Cour e+, usCanRoes)!ruaa3!raryTe /ar+!na *re/e* !s a 3ere ere !s a "!oa!on o as!/ /ons!u!onar!s, /ours are ouse+ ro e!r :ur!s+!/!on. T' *oa)*on o a ar)y@sr*3) )o u' ro('ss ra*s's a s'r*ous ur*s*()*ona !ssue 3!/ /annoe osse+ o"er or +!srear+e+ a 3!.8'r' )' 'n*a o )'una'n)a r*3) )o u' ro('ss *s aar'n), a '(*s*on r'n'r' *n*sr'3ar o )a) r*3) *s o* or a( o ur*s*()*on. T*s ru' *s'7uay )ru' *n 7uas*-u*(*a an a*n*s)ra)*' ro(''*n3s, or )'(ons)*)u)*ona 3uaran)'' )a) no an sa ' 'r*' o *',*'r)y, or ro'r)y 6*)ou) u' ro('ss *s un7ua**' y )' )y' oro(''*n3s


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o e Ou+san /ona!ns reeren/e o e /ouner-a!+a"!s a 3ere noereoor +!s/ose+ o Sen. Esra+a. In !n+!n *roae /ause o !n+!/ Sen.Esra+a, res*on+en O!/e o e Ou+san uoe+ ro e 3!e+/ouner-a!+a"!s o res*on+ensTuason,40Cunanan,41 %!ura,42 #uena"enura,4; an+ Se"!+a.44 Tus, o sae

a Fe a+!ss!ons o Sen. Esra+a?s /o-res*on+ens /an !n no 3ay*re:u+!/e Sen. Esra+aH !s /eary a 3ar 3! e a/s o e /ase.

9! a, e sues!on a a orou /ons!+era!on o :ur!s*ru+en/eus e a+e eore ey are use+ as as!s or !s Cour?s +e/!s!ons !sa**re/!ae+. Conrary o 3a e a:or!y De/!s!on suess, e Cour oA**eas? +!su!s!!on uoe+ !n Reyes +!+ no o unno!/e+ u 3as s!*y+eee+ !rree"an !n e *resen /ase. In a/, e a**!/a!on o e resinter alios ata +o/r!ne 3as no e"en /ons!+ere+ y !s Cour !n Reyes> !3as s!*y a *ar o e narra!on o e a/ua ane/e+ens. &en/e, a+!s/uss!on o e +o/r!ne !n e *resen /onro"ersy !s e"en oreunne/essary.

Te r! o e +!s/osure o e e"!+en/e aa!ns a *ary *r!or o e!ssuan/e o a :u+en aa!ns ! !s, o re!erae, a "!a /o*onen o e+ue *ro/ess o a3, a /ear +!srear+ o su/ r! /ons!ues ra"e ause o +!s/re!on. As !s Cour as e+, ra"e ause o +!s/re!on e!ss 3en ar!una "!oaes e Cons!u!on or rossy +!srear+s e a3 or e!s!n :ur!s*ru+en/e.45 In oer 3or+s, on/e a +e*r!"a!on o a /ons!u!ona r! !sso3n o e!s, e r!una a ren+ere+ e +e/!s!on or resou!on !s+eee+ ouse+ o :ur!s+!/!on.4 As e Cour e+ !n 0ontoya v.


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#e3een ese 3o erees, ! !s y /ons!+ere+ "!e3 a e !rreuar!ya e *re!!nary !n"es!a!on sae ar!s!n ro a "!oa!on o e +ue*ro/ess r!s o e res*on+en 3arrans a re!n"es!a!on an+ esus*ens!on o e *ro/ee+!ns !n /our 3ere an !nora!on as area+yeen !e+.

Te ra"e ause o +!s/re!on /o!e+ y e O!/e o e Ou+san !n!s /on+u/ o e *re!!nary !n"es!a!on /anno +!"es e San+!anayano e :ur!s+!/!on o"er e /ase /ons!+er!n a Inora!ons a+ area+yeen !e+, as !n a/ a 3arran o arres a+ area+y een !ssue+ !n/onne/!on ere3!.4


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In 0atala% v. -andigan&ayan,55 e *e!!oner 3o 3as no aor+e+ a/an/e o uy *resen !s e"!+en/e +ur!n e *re!!nary !n"es!a!onsae 3as aor+e+ a re!n"es!a!on, usCanRoes)!ruaa3!raryI !s see+ a e *re!!nary !n"es!a!on *ro*er, i.e., e +eer!na!ono 3eer ere !s reasonae roun+ o e!e"e a e a//use+ !s u!y o

e oense /are+ an+ sou+ e su:e/e+ o e e*ense, r!ors an+earrassen o r!a, !s e un/!on o e *rose/u!on.

.A//or+!ny, *n*n3 )a) ')*)*on'r 6as no) 3*'n )' (an(' )o uyr's'n) *s '*'n(' on )' a'n' *nora)*on 6*( (on)a*n' asus)an)*a a'n'n), a n'6 r'**nary *n's)*3a)*on *s *nor'r./raa3re+

%!nay, as o *e!!oner?s *rayer a e Aen+e+ Inora!on e uase+an+ +!s!sse+, e sae /anno e or+ere+. Te asen/e or !n/o*eenesso a *re!!nary !n"es!a!

Estrada vs. Ombudsman

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Transcript of Estrada vs. Ombudsman