Ecuador Solari SP57

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Special PublicationsMuseum of Texas Tech Un iversi t yNumber 57 25 May 2010

Juan P. Carrera, Sergio Solari, Peter A. Larsen, Diego F. Alvarado, Adam D.

Brown, Carlos Carrin B., J. Sebastin Tello, and Robert J. Baker

Bats of the Tropical Lowlands of

Western Ecuador


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i

This paper is dedicated to the memory of our dear friend and colleague Ren M.Fonseca, whose leadership and knowledge of the fauna of Ecuador was the foun-dation of the success of the 2001 and 2004 expeditions that are the basis for thispaper.

Para t Fonquete donde quiera que ests, muchas gracias por todo amigo.

Editorial comment. One extension of this collaborative project included the training of local students whoshould be able to continue with this collaboration and other projects involving Ecuadorian mammals. Ecuador-ian students who have received or are currently pursuing graduate degrees subsequent to the Sowell Expeditionsinclude: Juan Pablo Carrera (completed M.A. degree in Museum Science at Texas Tech University (TTU) in2007; currently pursuing a Ph.D. with Jorge Salazar-Bravo at TTU); Tamara Enrquez (completed M.A. degreein Museum Science at TTU in 2007, Robert J. Baker (RJB), major advisor); Ren M. Fonseca (received a post-

humous M.S. degree from TTU in 2004, directed by RJB); Raquel Marchn-Rivandeneira (M.S. degree in 2008under the supervision of RJB; currently pursuing a Ph.D. at TTU directed by Richard Strauss and RJB); MiguelPinto (M.S. degree at TTU in 2009; currently pursuing a Ph.D. at the Department of Mammalogy and SacklerInstitute for Comparative Genomics at the American Museum of Natural History, City University of New York);Juan Sebastin Tello (completed a Licenciatura at Ponticia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador (PUCE) in 2005with Santiago Burneo; currently pursuing a Ph.D. at Louisiana State University directed by Richard Stevens);Diego F. Alvarado (pursuing a Ph.D. at University of Michigan with L. Lacey Knowles); and Carlos Carrin B.(completed Licenciatura in 2006 at PUCE; currently an expedition leader on the Galapagos Islands). These twoSowell expeditions also included students from other South American countries who participated in the subsequentscientic efforts to better understand the fauna of Ecuador. These students included Sergio Solari of San MarcosUniversity, Peru, currently Professor at Universidad de Antioquia, Medelln, Colombia, and Federico Hoffmann,who received an M.S. from University de la Republica Montevideo, Uruguay, with Enrique Lessa, and a Ph.D. at

TTU, and is currently at the University of Nebraska. Further, several U.S. undergraduate and graduate studentsparticipated in these expeditions, including Trashanda Johnson (B.S., TTU), Jana Higginbotham (M.S., TTU),Michelle Haynie (Ph.D., TTU), Rex McAliley (Ph.D., TTU), Joel Brant (Ph.D., TTU), Deidre Parish (Ph.D.,TTU), Marcy Revelez (M.S., TTU), Peter Larsen (M.S., TTU; currently pursing Ph.D., TTU), Carl Dick (Ph.D.,TTU), and Adam Brown (M.S., TTU; currently pursuing Ph.D., University of Texas Health Science Center atSan Antonio). The educational foundation of these individuals was undoubtedly strengthened by the culturaland biodiversity experiences encountered during the Sowell Expeditions. At the institutional level, half of thecurated collections, each recognized holotype, and a complete set of tissues are deposited at the Museo de Zoologa(QCAZ) of the Ponticia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, where fellow students and professionals can studythem. Other benets resulting from the Sowell Expeditions include publications with Ecuadorian colleagues,seminars presented to students and faculty at PUCE, environmental education and presentations to local schoolgroups (front cover), media coverage in Ecuadorian newspapers and television networks, and assisting Ecuador-

ians in publishing a perspective of the Museo de Zoologa Mammal Collection (e.g. Camacho and Burneo 2009).From Texas Techs perspective this work has been a positive experience and we thank all of those involved.

Robert J. BakerSeries Editor

Front cover: Ren M. Fonseca teaching local people in Manglares Churute Ecological Reserve about the

diversity of Ecuadorian bats and their importance to the environment. Photo by Robert J. Baker.


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ii

2004 Researchers (from left to right): Rear: Carlos Carrin, Peter Larsen, Robert Baker, Carl

Dick. Front: Juan Pablo Carrera, J. Sebastin Tello, Sergio Solari, Adam Brown, and Ren

Fonseca. Photo by staff member.

2001 Researchers (from left to right): Standing: Trashanda Johnson, Jana Higginbotham,

Federico Hoffmann, Michelle Haynie, Ren Fonseca, Juan Pablo Carrera, Rex McAliley, Joel

Brant, Deidre Parish, Sandy Tolan, Marcy Revelez. Seated: Clyde Jones, Robert Baker, Carleton

Phillips. Photo by Linda Richardson.


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Museum of Texas Tech University andPonticia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador

JuanP. Carrera, Sergio Solari, Peter a. larSen, Diego F. alvaraDo, aDamD. Brown,CarloSCarrinB., J. SeBaStintello, anD roBertJ. Baker

SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS

Museum of Texas Tech UniversityNumber 57

Bats of the Tropical Lowlands of Western Ecuador


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Layout and Design: Lisa Bradley

Cover Design: Juan P. Carrera and Robert J. Baker

Production Editor: Lisa Bradley

Copyright 2010, Museum of Texas Tech University

This publication is available free of charge in PDF format from the website of the Natural Sciences ResearchLaboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University (nsrl.ttu.edu). The authors and the Museum of Texas TechUniversity hereby grant permission to interested parties to download or print this publication for personalor educational (not for prot) use. Re-publication of any part of this paper in other works is not permitted

without prior written permission of the Museum of Texas Tech University.

This book was set in Times New Roman and printed on acid-free paper that meets the guidelines for per-manence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council onLibrary Resources.

Printed: 25 May 2010

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University, Number 57Series Editor: Robert J. Baker

Batsofthe tropical lowlandsofwestern ecuador

Juan P. Carrera, Sergio Solari, Peter A. Larsen, Diego F. Alvarado, Adam D. Brown, Carlos Carrin B.,J. Sebastin Tello, and Robert J. Baker

ISSN 0169-0237ISBN 1-929330-21-9ISBN13 978-1-929330-21-8

Museum of Texas Tech UniversityLubbock, TX 79409-3191 USA(806)742-2442


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1

Batsofthe tropical lowlandsofwestern ecuador

JuanP. Carrera, Sergio Solari, Peter a. larSen, Diego F. alvaraDo, aDamD.Brown, CarloSCarrinB., J. SeBaStintello, anD roBertJ. Baker

aBstract

In 2001 and 2004, Sowell Expeditions by Texas Tech University (TTU), in col-laboration with the Ponticia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador (PUCE), were carriedout to document the bat fauna west of the Ecuadorian Andes. This region of continentalEcuador possesses a unique combination of habitats within the Neotropics due to theconuence of the ChocDarin humid forest and the PeruvianChilean desert forma-tion. These features combine to produce high levels of species richness and endemismfor several taxa, including bats. A total of 1,580 specimens were collected from 16localities, providing biological and distributional data for 66 species from six families:

Emballonuridae, Phyllostomidae, Noctilionidae, Thyropteridae, Vespertilionidae, andMolossidae. Previously unrecognized species in the generaLophostoma (Baker et al.2004), Micronycteris (Fonseca et al. 2007),Eumops (Baker et al. 2009), and Thyropterawere identied based on specimens collected during these expeditions. Also, newgeographic records forAnoura aequatoris,A.cultrata,Diaemus youngi,Lophostomabrasiliensis, Macrophyllum macrophyllum, Trinycteris nicefori, and Myotis simus wererecorded for western Ecuador.

Key words:Andes Mountains, Chiroptera, Ecuador, natural history, systematics

resumen

Durante los aos 2001 y 2004 se llevaron a cabo dos expediciones Sowell al Ecua-dor con el objetivo de documentar las especies de murcilagos presentes en la vertienteoccidental de los Andes ecuatorianos en una colaboracin cientca entre Texas TechUniversity (TTU) y la Ponticia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador (PUCE). El occidentedel Ecuador posee una combinacin nica de hbitats neotropicales debido a la inuenciadirecta de bosques hmedos del Choc-Darin por el norte y formaciones desrticas dePer y Chile por el sur. Estas caractersticas han determinado una particular riquezade especies con altos niveles de endemismo para varios grupos taxonmicos, incluidoslos murcilagos. Un total de 1,580 especmenes fueron colectados en 16 localidades alo largo de la costa proporcionando informacin biolgica y de distribucin geogrcapara 66 especies de seis familias: Emballonuridae, Phyllostomidae, Noctilionidae,

Thyropteridae, Vespertilionidae, y Molossidae. Se reconocen nuevas especies para losgnerosLophostoma (Baker et al. 2004), Micronycteris (Fonseca et al. 2007),Eumops(Baker et al. 2009), y Thyroptera. Adems, se conrman nuevos registros geogrcos deAnouraaequatoris,A. cultrata,Diaemus youngi ,Lophostoma brasiliensis , Macrophyl-lum macrophyllum, Trinycteris nicefori y Myotis simus para el occidente de Ecuador.

Palabras clave: Andes, Chiroptera, Ecuador, historia natural, sistemtica


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2 special puBlications, museumof texas tech university

introduction

The tropical forests of the western versant of the

Ecuadorian Andes are remarkably important for issuespertaining to biodiversity and conservation (Myers etal. 2000). The western versant includes tropical rainforests of the ChocDarien humid ecosystem and adeciduous northern extension of the PeruvianChileancoastal dry forest (Hershkovitz 1958; Baker 1967;Gentry 1986, 1992; Marquet 1994). These forests arebordered on the west by the Pacic Ocean and on theeast by the Andes Mountains (Cern et al. 1999). Thecombination of these geographic features has producedmultiple unique ecological formations in western Ecua-dor that support many endemic species (Gentry 1986;

Parker and Carr 1992; Lynch and Duellman 1997;Sierra 1999; Gardner 2008 [2007]).

Western Ecuador has been categorized as ahotspot for conservation activities because risk ofextinction is high for many endemic species (Dodsonand Gentry 1991; Myers et al. 2000; Schipper et al.2008). The tropical region of northwestern Ecuadorhas one of the highest rates of deforestation, at ~4.0%per annum, and thousands of hectares of primary for-est have been destroyed for use by timber and oil palmindustries in the last 50 years (Dodson and Gentry

1991; Myers 1993; Sierra-Maldonado 1996; Rudel1999). Only fragments of pristine tropical rain forestnear southern Colombia remain unaltered.

Several surveys have focused on the richnessand endemism for groups such as plants, birds, frogs,and mammals in northwestern Ecuador (i.e., Dodsonand Gentry 1991; Parker and Carr 1992; Lynch andDuellman 1997; Jarrn-V. and Fonseca-N. 2001; Ander-son and Jarrn-V. 2002; Albuja and MenaValenzuela2004). The reports published by Allen (1916), Bros-set (1965), Albuja (1999), and Albuja and Mena-

Valenzuela (2004) provide a baseline of informationon diversity, distribution, taxonomy, and systematics

of bats occurring west of the Ecuadorian Andes. The

most recent revisions recognized the presence of sevenfamilies, 53 genera, and 95 species of bats (Albuja andArcos 2007; Tirira 2007).

Recently, several new species of bats have beendescribed from western Ecuador includingLophostomaaequatorialis (Baker et al. 2004),Lonchophylla choc-oana (Dvalos 2004),Anoura stulata (Muchhala et al.2005),Lonchophylla orcesi (Albuja and Gardner 2005),Platyrrhinus albericoi, P. ismaeli, andP. matapalensis(Velazco 2005), Sturnira koopmanhilli (McCarthy etal. 2006),Lonchophylla cadenai (Woodman and Timm

2006), Micronycteris giovanniae (Fonseca et al. 2007),Lonchophylla fornicata (Woodman 2007), Eumopswilsoni (Baker et al. 2009), andPlatyrrhinus nitelinea (Velazco and Gardner 2009). Furthermore,Balantiop-teryx infusca (Emballonuridae), Artibeus fraterculus,Choeroniscus periosus, Platyrrhinus chocoensis,Rhinophylla alethina, Vampyriscus nymphaea(Phyl-lostomidae),Amorphochilus schnablii (Furipteridae),Eptesicus innoxius, and Rhogeessa velilla (Vesper-tilionidae) are endemic to the region (Handley 1966;Baker 1967; Koopman 1982; Baud 1982; Albericoand Velasco 1991a; McCarthy et al. 2000; Baird et al.

2008). The number of newly described species and theendemic nature of the bat fauna of the western Andesdocument the signicance of this regions biodiversityand the urgency for appropriate conservation measuresin this region.

Herein, the results of the Sowell Expeditions con-ducted in Ecuador during 2001 and 2004 by researchers(page ii) from the Museum of Texas Tech Universityand the Museo de Zoologa (QCAZ) of the PonticiaUniversidad Catlica del Ecuador are reported. In-cluded is information on species diversity, taxonomy,

and distribution of the bat fauna of western Ecuador.

materialsand methods

Study site.Two eldtrips (2001 and 2004) wereconducted to sample bat faunas in the provinces ofEsmeraldas, Guayas, and El Oro. The rst survey was

conducted from 1 to 8 August of 2001, and the secondfrom 26 June to 12 August of 2004. Sixteen siteswere sampled at localities between 10 and 1100 m in


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carreraetal.Batsof western ecuador 3

elevation and within several vegetation types, includ-ing primary and secondary forest, disturbed areas, andagricultural plantations (Fig. 1).

Gazetteer.Collecting localities for both eldseasons are described below. Province, specificlocality, latitude and longitude, elevation, dates ofsampling, and a brief description of the major habitatsare provided.

1. ESMERALDAS: Mataje (0121'21.4" N,7843'27.3" W; 87 m). 11 and 13 August 2004.

Mataje is located in the northern region of Esmer-aldas Province near the Colombian border. The area is

humid and surrounded by primary and secondary forest.Primary forest is in greater abundance than secondaryforest and consists of palms and other large trees.

2. ESMERALDAS: Estacin Experimental LaChiquita (0113'55.2" N, 7845'57.7" W; 53 m). 2August 2001 and 5 August 2004.

This research station is located in northern Es-meraldas Province and is managed by the Luis VargasTorres University. The area is dominated by primaryrain forest. Most of the forest of Estacin Experimental

La Chiquita is intact, but human impact was evident inthe form of deforestation and oil palm plantations inthe surrounding areas.

3. ESMERALDAS: Banana plantation near SanLorenzo (115'31" N, 7846'51" W; 53 m). 3 August2001 and 9 August 2004.

This site is located approximately 2.3 km S,5.6 km E of San Lorenzo. The surrounding habitat iscomposed of secondary forest and agricultural eldsassociated with homesteads.

4. ESMERALDAS: Finca San Jos (10'36" N,7837'20" W; 144 m). 6 August 2001.

Finca San Jos is 29 km S, 24 km E of SanLorenzo near the Lita San Lorenzo highway. Habitatis composed of agricultural crops and shrubs and a fewlarger trees surrounded by human dwellings.

5. ESMERALDAS: La Guarapera (116'13" N,7848'11" W; 44 m). 4 August 2001.

La Guarapera is 1.5 km S, 3.4 km E of SanLorenzo. This area is primarily agricultural and in-cludes banana and oil palm plantations and humandwellings.

6. ESMERALDAS: San Francisco de Bogot(0105'36.8" N, 7842'21.5" W; 63 m). 27 July 2004;313 August 2004.

San Francisco de Bogot is a small village 21 kmS, 14 km E of San Lorenzo. The area includes primaryforest, disturbed forest, and various types of crop and

fruit plantations. Active logging of adjacent forestswas occurring during our period of study.

7. GUAYAS: Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco(0210'47.6" S, 8001'17.7" W; 22 m). 49 July2004.

Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco is approximately8 km W of the city of Guayaquil. The FundacinProbosque manages this private reserve. This area isa remnant of tropical dry forest consisting of primaryand secondary forest.

8. GUAYAS: Reserva Ecolgica ManglaresChurute (0227'16.9" S, 7937'38.6" W; 50 m). 30June3 July 2004.

The Ministerio del Ambiente of Ecuador managesthis national reserve. The area is dominated by trees,shrubs, and mangroves, as well as banana, papaya, andmango plantations.

9. GUAYAS: Isla Pun (0245'34.3" S,7955'01.5" W; 10 m). 1113 July 2004.

Isla Pun is in the Gulf of Guayaquil. The habitatconsists primarily of agricultural crops, shrubs, andsecondary dry forest.

10. EL ORO: Fuerte Militar Arenillas (0338'48.9"S, 8009'40.8" W; 64 m). 1520 July 2004.


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Figure 1. Map of Ecuador illustrating 16 sampling localities for bats collected in 2001 and 2004during the Sowell Expeditions. Numbers correspond to the localities in the gazetteer. The lightgrey lines running north-south are isolines that represent the boundaries of the Andes Mountains.

And

esM

ountain

s


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Fuerte Militar Arenillas is near the Peruvianborder. The area is dry and surrounded by primary dryforest, secondary forest, and plantations of crops.

11. EL ORO: Bosque Petricado de Puyango(0353'03.4" S, 8004'41.1" W; 280 m). 2124 July2004.

This forest reserve is in southern Oro Provincenear the border with Loja Province. The Ministerio delAmbiente of Ecuador manages the reserve. The area iscomprised of primary and secondary dry forest.

12. EL ORO: Jardn Botnico Moromoro(0339'45.2"S, 7944'41.2" W; 908 m). 30 July 2004.

The Jardn Botnico Moromoro Reserve is locat-ed between Machala and Zaruma in the Pias district.This cloud forest is near the Buenaventura EcologicalReserve (managed by the Fundacin Jocotoco) and ismaintained to protect existing primary forest. The habi-tat within the Jardn Botnico Moromoro Reserve in-cludes primary forest, palms, epiphytes, and shrubs.

13. EL ORO: Cerro Chiche (0345'59.7" S,7938'50.9" W; 650 m). 25 and 27 July 2004.

Cerro Chiche is located in the southern area ofthe province near the border between Portovelo andPias districts. The area is dry and consists of disturbedforest, shrubs, and agricultural crops.

14. EL ORO: Zaruma(0341'23.1" S, 7935'43.7"W; 1,106 m). 26, 29, and 31 July 2004.

Zaruma is the highest region sampled during ourstudy. The area includes numerous gold and silvermines. Vegetation is disturbed forest and agriculturalcrops, including banana plantations.

15. EL ORO: Presa Tahun (0337'28" S,8000'07" W; 125 m). 18 July 2004.

Presa Tahun is a dam and associated body of wa-ter located in the Arenillas River basin in the southernregion of El Oro. The lake generates electricity andprovides water for irrigation in the southern region of

the province and northern Peru. The area is surroundedby disturbed vegetation.

16. EL ORO: PortoveloQuinta Palomares(0344'11.4" S, 7935'41.1" W; 633 m). 27 July2004.

This site is located south of the El Tabln area andincludes gold mines and streams. Vegetation consistsof disturbed forest, fruit plantations, and shrubs.

Field methods.Bats were captured at night us-ing mist nets set in yways and by hand from diurnalroosts. On average, 1012 nets were set each night at17001730h and closed at midnight. Different habitat

types were sampled, including both primary forest andmodied habitats (secondary growth, disturbed forest,and plantations). Bats also were captured from roostslocated in hollow trees, rock crevices, mines, culverts,and abandoned houses. Captured bats were placed inclean, individual cloth bags to prevent parasite transfer.Ectoparasites were removed from the fur and wingsof each individual immediately after euthanization.Voucher specimens were numbered and preserved asskin, skull, and skeleton or uid preparations (Handley1988). Standard eld measurements were recorded foreach specimen. Tissues for molecular studies were

preserved in lysis buffer (Longmire et al. 1997) or 95%ethanol, and blood samples were collected using No-buto blood lter strips (Advantec Manufacturing Inc.,California). As time permitted, representative speci-mens were karyotyped for each species (Baker et al.2003a). Animals were captured and handled followingthe standards of the American Society of Mammalogists(Gannon et al. 2007) and Texas Tech Animal Care andUse Committee (Permit # 02217-02).

Species identication.In the eld, each speci-men was tentatively identied to species based on

external morphology. All voucher specimens were thenbrought to the Natural Science Research Laboratory(NSRL) of the Museum of Texas Tech University tobe positively identied based on external characters,cranial morphology, and selected cranial and dentalmeasurements. Further, genetic analyses were per-formed to conrm the identity of some specimens(Hoffmann and Baker 2001, 2003; Baker et al. 2004;


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Hoofer and Baker 2006; Larsen et al. 2007; Fonseca etal. 2007; Porter et al. 2007; Baker et al. 2009; Solari etal. 2009). After specimen identication, all holotype

specimens, one half of the paratype voucher specimens,and tissue samples from all specimens were depositedat the Museo de Zoologia of the Ponticia Universi-dad Catlica del Ecuador. The remaining paratypevoucher specimens, as well as tissue samples from allspecimens, were deposited at the NSRL.

When a specic taxon was found to be distinct atthe genetic or morphological level, we veried whetherits morphological diagnosis and/or geographic distri-

bution agreed with a previously described taxon (i.e.,subspecies or junior synonyms proposed for westernSouth American or Middle American populations of thespecies). When no agreement existed, we hypothesizedthat this may represent an undescribed species. Theseassessments and their taxonomic outcome are discussedin the Remarks section of each species account.

results

A total of 1,580 specimens were obtained from

the western side of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador(Table 1). These records increase the number of speciesknown from the western side of the Ecuadorian Andesfrom 95 (see Albuja and Arcos 2007; Tirira 2007) to106. New geographic records were recognized hereinforAnoura aequatoris ,A. cultrata, and Myotis simus insouthwestern Ecuador, whereasDiaemus youngi (Pintoet al. 2007),Lophostoma brasiliensis, Macrophyllummacrophyllum, and Trinycteris nicefori were from thenorthwest. Other taxa including Dermanura rosen-bergi, D. rava, and Rhogeessa velilla were elevatedfrom subspecies to species status based primarily on

genetic analyses of DNA sequences of specimenscollected during this study (Baird et al. 2008; Solariet al. 2009). Additional noteworthy results includedthe discoveries of new species ofLophostoma (Bakeret al. 2004), Micronycteris (Fonseca et al. 2007), andEumops (Baker et al. 2009), as well as a Thryopterathat remains undescribed.

The taxonomic arrangement of families presentedherein follows Teeling et al. (2005). Within the fam-ily Phyllostomidae, taxa are arranged by subfamilyand tribe following Baker et al. (2003b). Within the

Vespertilionidae, subfamilies follow Hoofer and VanDen Bussche (2003). Within families, subfamilies, andtribes, genera and species are listed alphabetically. Foreach species, we include species name with authorityand date followed by the specic collecting localities(and number of specimens), as well as relevant remarksregarding geographic or taxonomic information andecology.

Family Emballonuridae

Peropteryx kappleriPeters 1867

Specimens collected(4, 1).Bosque Petri-cado de Puyango (5).

Remarks.Peropteryx kappleriwas described byPeters in 1867 based on material from Suriname. Werefer our specimens, and all others from Ecuador, tothe nominate formP. k. kappleri (Hood and Gardner2008 [2007]). This species is uncommonly collected inEcuador and limited to the western side of the Andes,where it is known from El Oro Province (Sanborn 1937;

Albuja 1999). Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela (2004) alsoreported specimens from Carchi Province (0102'20" N,7816'30" W; 900 m). Our specimens were collectedfrom a small crevice in a hill (280 m) near the bridgethat connects El Oro and Loja Provinces, inside thePuyango Reserve. Desmodus rotundus also was pres-ent in this roost.

Saccopteryx bilineata(Temmink 1838)(Plate 1A)

Specimens collected(13, 6).San Francisco

de Bogot (1), Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco (1),Reserva Ecolgica Manglares Churute (11), and PresaTahun (6).

Remarks.Saccopteryx bilineatapreviously wasreported from western Ecuador in the provinces of Es-meraldas and Guayas (Allen 1916; Sanborn 1937; Bros-set 1965; Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela 2004; Salas-Z.


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NorthernLocalities

CentralLocalities

SouthernLocalities

LOCALITY

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

TOTAL

EMBALLONURIDAE

Peropteryxkappleri

5

5

Saccopteryxbilineata

1

1

11

6

19

PHYLLOSTOMIDAE

MICRONYCTERINAE

Micronycterisgiovanniae

1

1

Micronycterishirsuta

2

4

2

8

Micronycterismegalotis

4

1

2

7

6

2

1

1

24

Micronycterisminuta

1

2

3

DESMODONTINAE

Desmodusrotundus

3

22

5

14

4

7

7

1

63

Diaemusyoungi

1

1

LONCHORHININAE

Lonchorhinaaurita

1

1

PHYLLOSTOMINAE

Macrophyllummacrophyllum

2

2

Trachopscirrhossus

2

1

1

4

Lophostomaaequatorialis

1

3

3

9

6

3

7

32

Lophostomabrasiliense

3

3

Mimoncrenulatum

5

1

2

8

16

Phyllodermastenops

2

1

1

4

Phyllostomusdiscolor

5

5

4

3

19

3

16

2

57

Phyllostomuselongatus

5

5

16

26

Phyllostomushastatus

3

8

7

18

7

43

Tonatiasaurophila

3

7

1

9

20

Table1.SpeciescollectedandlocalitiessampledduringtheEcuadorianSowellExpeditions.(1)Mataje,(2)EstacinExperimentalLaChiquita,

(3)bananaplantationnear

SanLorenzo,(4)FincaSanJos,(5)

LaGuarapera,(6)SanFranciscode

Bogot,(7)BosqueProtectorCerroBlanco,

(8)ReservaEcolgicaMan

glaresChurute,(9)IslaPun,(10)FuerteMilitarArenillas,(11)BosqueP

etricadodePuyango,(12)JardnB

otnico

Moromoro,(13)CerroChiche,(14)Zaruma,(15)PresaTahun

,and(16)PortoveloQuintaPalom

ares.


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NorthernLocalities

CentralLocalities

SouthernLocalities

LOCALITY

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

TOTAL

Chrotopterusauritus

1

1

Vampyrumspectrum

6

6

GLOSSOPHAGINAE

Glossophagasoricina

8

33

12

22

2

1

1

15

3

97

Anouraaequatoris

1

1

Anouracultrata

1

1

Lichonycterisobscura

1

1

LONCHOPHYLLINAE

Lonchophyllaconcava

2

3

3

3

5

16

Lonchophyllarobusta

3

1

5

9

Lonchophyllathomasi

1

4

6

11

CAROLLIINAE

Carolliabrevicauda

2

2

6

22

18

15

3

1

8

1

78

Carolliacastanea

14

1

23

2

40

Carolliaperspicillata

22

2

17

2

2

45

GLYPHONYCTERINAE

Trinycterisnicefori

1

1

RHINOPHYLLINAE

Rhinophyllaalethina

2

4

4

2

12

STERNODERMATINAE

Sturniralilium

1

1

1

7

18

2

19

23

2

1

2

77

Sturniraluisi

1

1

1

12

1

4

1

3

5

1

30

Sturniraoporaphilum

2

2

Artibeusfraterculus

5

23

33

29

24

14

31

18

177

Artibeusjamaicensis

12

14

7

1

6

38

6

22

13

22

5

3

149

Artibeuslituratus

3

3

2

2

3

10

5

3

2

6

39

Chirodermatrinitatum

1

5

7

2

15

Chirodermavillosum

9

2

11

Table1.(cont.)


15/44


Table1.(cont.)

NorthernLocalities

CentralLocalities

SouthernLocalities

LOCALITY

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

TOTAL

Dermanurarava

1

3

9

1

17

14

1

46

Dermanurarosenbergi

1

15

1

25

3

45

Mesophyllamacconnelli

1

1

Platyrrhinuschocoensis

1

1

2

4

Platyrrhinusdorsalis

1

1

3

21

2

28

Platyrrhinushelleri

2

1

2

1

6

Platyrrhinusmatapalensis

2

3

6

1

3

15

Platyrrhinusnigellus

4

4

Urodermabilobatum

5

1

5

13

2

26

Vampyressathyone

3

2

1

6

Vampyriscusnymphaea

3

3

3

9

18

NOCTILIONIDAE

Noctilioleporinus

2

1

2

5

THYROPTERIDAE

Thyropterasp.

2

1

2

5

VESPERTILIONIDAE

MYOTINAE

Myotisalbescens

1

4

4

1

6

2

1

19

Myotisnigricans

2

4

4

10

8

2

2

1

9

23

65

Myotisriparius

5

2

2

2

3

14

Myotissimus

2

2

3

1

8

VESPERTILIONINAE

Eptesicuschiriquinus

2

1

2

5

Eptesicusinnoxius

6

8

13

2

1

1

31

Lasiurusblossevillii

4

1

1

1

7

Lasiurusega

1

2

3

Rhogeessavelilla

6

2

1

9


16/44


NorthernLocalities

CentralLocalities

SouthernLocalities

LOCALITY

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

TOTAL

MOLOSSIDAE

Eumopswilsoni

7

1

8

Molossusbondae

1

9

10

Molossusmolossus

4

30

4

3

41

TOTAL

41

127

64

23

46

284

109

271

115

152

115

22

55

87

6

63

1580

Table1.(cont.)

2008). Six specimens collected from a diurnal roost inthe tunnels of the Presa Tahun constitute new recordsfor the El Oro Province in southwestern Ecuador. All

the Ecuadorian populations correspond to the form S.b. bilineata (Hood and Gardner 2008 [2007]).

Family PhyllostomidaeSubfamily Micronycterinae

Micronycteris giovanniaeBaker and Fonseca 2007

Specimens collected(1).Finca San Jos (1).

Remarks.Micronycteris giovanniae was de-scribed based on this single specimen from northwest-ern Ecuador. Fonseca et al. (2007) and Porter et al.

(2007) provide ecological, morphological, and geneticinformation for this species as well as taxonomic datafor other species of Micronycteris in northwesternEcuador.

Micronycteris hirsuta (Peters 1969)

Specimens collected (4, 4).Mataje (2),Estacin Experimental La Chiquita (4), and Finca SanJos (2).

Remarks.According to Albuja and Mena-

Valenzuela (2004), M. hirsuta is rare along the westernside of the Andes Mountains. This species has beenrecorded from El Paraso in Pichincha Province, AltoTambo and Hacienda la Granada in Esmeraldas Prov-ince, and Espuela Perdida in Manab Province (Albuja1999; Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela 2004). Molecularanalyses based on sequence variation of mitochon-drial and nuclear genes conrmed the presence of thisspecies west of the Andes and indicated low geneticdivergence among geographic regions, including Southand Central American populations (Fonseca et al. 2007;Porter et al. 2007). Our specimens were netted in pri-

mary forests of the Esmeraldas Province.

Micronycteris megalotis(Gray 1842)

Specimens collected (12, 12).ChiquitaResearch Station (4), La Guarapera (1), San Franciscode Bogot (2), Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco (7), IslaPun (6), Bosque Petricado de Puyango (2), JardnBotnico Moromoro (1), and Cerro Chiche (1).


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Remarks.This species was recorded in Guaya-quil, Guayas Province, by Brosset (1965); in BosqueProtector Cerro Blanco, by Salas (2007); and in Est-

acin Experimental La Chiquita, Esmeraldas Province,by Albuja (1999). Porter et al. (2007) identied a ge-netic distance of approximately 5% in the cytochrome-bgene between populations from east and west of theAndes, but this distinction has not been associatedwith any taxonomic changes to date. Micronycterismegalotis was common along the coast in primaryforest, secondary forest, disturbed areas, and planta-tions. Some individuals were collected from a culvertand others were observed roosting in a Ceiba tree andin a log on the forest oor at Bosque Protector CerroBlanco.

Micronycteris minuta (Gervais 1856)(Plate 1B)

Specimens collected(2, 1).San Francisco deBogot (1) and Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco (2).

Remarks.Micronycteris minuta previously wasrecorded exclusively in the humid forests of north-western Ecuador (Albuja 1999; Tirira 1999, 2004;Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela 2004) based on specimenscollected in Alto Tambo in Esmeraldas Province (Al-

buja 1989). The records from Bosque Protector CerroBlanco increase the distribution range for this speciesto the southern part of the coast, which is concordantwith the report by Pacheco et al. (2007) from QuebradaLos Naranjos (0350'15" S, 8011'44.99" W; 550 m) inTumbes Department, Peru. Molecular analyses docu-ment a genetic distance of over 5% among geographicpopulations in South America, which may indicate spe-cies level variation (Porter et al. 2007). Micronycterisminutahypoleuca J. A. Allen 1900, with type locality inMagdalena, Colombia, has not been examined geneti-cally; these data will be needed to understand species

boundaries ifM. minuta as currently recognized provesto be a species complex.

Subfamily DesmodontinaeDesmodus rotundus(E. Geoffroy 1810)

Specimens collected(29, 34).San Franciscode Bogot (3), Reserva Ecolgica Manglares Churute

(22), Isla Pun (5), Fuerte Militar Arenillas (14),Bosque Petricado de Puyango (4), Cerro Chiche (7),Zaruma (7), and PortoveloQuinta Palomares (1).

Remarks.Desmodus rotundus was observedroosting in a small rock crevice near the Puyango Re-serve and a single specimen was caught inside a goldmine in Zaruma. Also, a colony comprised primarilyof males was collected from a small building within theReserva Ecolgica Manglares Churute. Our specimenscorrespond to the subspeciesD. r. murinus J. A. Wagner1840 (Kwon and Gardner 2008 [2007]).

Diaemus youngi(Jentink 1893)

Specimens collected (1).Banana plantationnear San Lorenzo (1).

Remarks.This specimen is the rst record ofD. youngi for Ecuador (Pinto et al. 2007). Previously,Cabrera and Yepes (1940), Albuja (1999), and Tirira(2007) hypothesized that this species likely inhabitseastern Ecuador but no voucher specimen documentedsuch distribution. Pacheco et al. (2007) reported thepresence of this species from Angostura (0345'23"S,8023'15" W; 74 m) in Tumbes Department, Peru,from a single specimen, which was the rst record of

this species from western Peru. Our specimen wasnetted in a disturbed habitat surrounded by banana plantations associated with several occupied housesand domestic animals, including chickens roosting inadjacent trees.

Subfamily LonchorhininaeLonchorhina aurita Tomes 1863

(Plate 1C)

Specimens collected (1).San Francisco deBogot (1).

Remarks.Lonchorhina aurita has been recordedon both sides of the Andes. Anthony (1923) describedL. aurita occidentalis from Guayas Province, but Wil-liams and Genoways (2008 [2007]) did not recognizeit as a valid subspecies. One specimen was collectedunder a bridge over a small stream in secondary forestnear a fruit plantation.


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A. B.

C.

E.

G.

D.

F.

H.

Plate 1. Bats collected during the Sowell Expedition 2004. A. Saccopteryx bilineata; B.Micronycteris minuta; C.Lonchorhina aurita; D.Lophostoma aequatorialis; E.Phylloderma

stenops; F. Vampyrum spectrum; G. Glossophaga soricina; H. Sturnia lilium. Photos A, B, D,G, and H by Robert J. Baker. Photo C by Peter A. Larsen. Photos E and F by Carl W. Dick.


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A. B.

C.

E.

G.

D.

F.

H.

Plate 2. Bats collected during the Sowell Expedition 2004. A.Artibeus lituratus; B. Chirodermavillosum; C. Uroderma bilobatum; D. Noctilio leporinus; E. Thyroptera sp.; F.Eptesicusinnoxius; G.Lasiurus blossevillii ; H.Eumops wilsoni . Photos A, B, C, D, F, G, and H by RobertJ. Baker. Photo E by Carl W. Dick.


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Subfamily PhyllostominaeTribe Macrophyllini

Macrophyllum macrophyllum(Schinz 1821)

Specimens collected (2).San Francisco deBogot (2).

Remarks.The specimens from EsmeraldasProvince constitute the rst record for this species inwestern Ecuador (Albuja 1999). Macrophyllum macro-phyllum is known from Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia(Allen 1900), on the western side of the CordilleraOriental and its distribution extends to Middle America.This species was netted over a stream in a disturbedforest near agricultural areas.

Trachops cirrhosus(Spix 1823)

Specimens collected( 2, 2).Estacin Ex-perimental La Chiquita (2), banana plantation near SanLorenzo (1), and San Francisco de Bogot (1).

Remarks.This species was netted in primaryforest, disturbed forest, and a banana plantation, butonly one specimen (from San Francisco de Bogot)was netted near water, where toads and frogs werecalling around the time of capture. The biology and

systematics ofT. cirrhosus were reviewed by Crameret al. (2001); these authors assigned all Ecuadorianpopulations to the subspecies T. c.cirrhosus.

Tribe Phyllostomini Lophostoma aequatorialisBaker, Fonseca, Parish,

Phillips, and Hoffmann 2004(Plate 1D)

Specimens collected (18, 14).Mataje (1),Estacin Experimental La Chiquita (3), San Franciscode Bogot (3), Reserva Ecolgica Manglares Churute

(9), Fuerte Militar Arenillas (6), Bosque Petricado dePuyango (3), and Cerro Chiche (7).

Remarks.Records from Guayas and El OroProvinces increase the distributional range ofL. aequa-torialis along the southern coast to considerably drierregions than from the north, where it was described.Baker et al. (2004) provided information regarding the

taxonomic status and systematics of this taxon. Thisspecies was common in primary and secondary foresthabitats within both northern humid and southern dry

forests. There is a second species,Lophostoma silvi-colum occidentalis, described from the western versantof the Andes in Peru and Ecuador that is probably sisterto L. aequatorialis. Cytochrome-b gene sequencedata of several individuals collected during our studydoes not provide evidence of signicant geographic orgenetic structure typical of two species in this sample.Further study of the nature of this variation withinL.aequatorialis/occidentalis is merited. Cytochrome-bsequence data does indicate that whatever species-levelname(s) are ultimately applied, there is aLophostomaspecies present in western Ecuador that is not distrib-

uted east of the Andes.

Lophostoma brasiliense Peters 1866

Specimens collected(1, 2).San Franciscode Bogot (3)

Remarks.Lophostoma brasiliense has beenrecorded from eastern Ecuador (Albuja 1999; Tirira2004). The specimens collected in Esmeraldas Prov-ince extend the distribution of this species into westernEcuador. This species is considered monotypic by

Williams and Genoways (2008 [2007]).

Mimon crenulatum (E. Geoffroy 1803)

Specimens collected (9, 7).Mataje (5),Estacin Experimental La Chiquita (1), La Guarapera(2), and San Francisco de Bogot (8).

Remarks.Mimon crenulatum was relativelycommon and was found in a diverse range of ecologicalconditions along the western side of the Andes in Ecua-dor, as indicated by Albuja (1999). Our specimens had

a yellowish-cream medial stripe along the back as wellas similarly colored spots behind the ears. Pacheco etal. (2007) collected the rst specimen from Peru at Que-brada Los Naranjos (0350'15" S, 8011'44.99" W; 550m) and Quebrada Angostura (0345'23" S, 8023'15"W; 74 m) in Tumbes Department. The subspecies rec-ognized for western Ecuador is M. c. keenani Handley1960 (Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]).


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Phylloderma stenops Peters 1865(Plate 1E)

Specimens collected(4).Estacin Experimen-tal La Chiquita (2), banana plantation near San Lorenzo(1), and Bosque Petricado de Puyango (1).

Remarks.This species was known from thewestern side of the Andes based on three previousrecords from Esmeraldas and Pichincha Provinces(Castro and Nolivos 1998; Trujillo and Albuja 2005).Our record from Bosque Petricado de Puyango con-siderably extends the range of this species to the southin western Ecuador. There was considerable colorvariation within our sample ofP. stenops; specimens

were gray-brown in San Lorenzo and Estacin Experi-mental La Chiquita, but the specimen from Puyangowas lighter in color. The subspecies recognized forEcuadorian populations isP. s. stenops W. Peters 1865(Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]).

Phyllostomus discolorWagner 1843

Specimens collected(22, 35).Banana plan-tation near San Lorenzo (5), La Guarapera (5), SanFrancisco de Bogot (4), Reserva Ecolgica ManglaresChurute (3), Isla Pun (19), Fuerte Militar Arenillas (3),

Cerro Chiche (16), and Zaruma (2).

Remarks.Phyllostomus discoloris abundant inthe northern humid forests on both sides of the Andes(Albuja 1999; Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela 2004;Tirira 2007). Phyllostomus discolorwas common inour sample and was collected in primary forest, dis-turbed forest, and fruit plantations and was observedroosting inside an abandoned house on Isla Pun. Ourspecimens from El Oro Province extend the southerngeographic range of this species on the western side ofthe Andes in Ecuador.

Phyllostomus elongatus (E. Geoffroy 1810)

Specimens collected (15, 11).EstacinExperimental La Chiquita (5), La Guarapera (5), andSan Francisco de Bogot (16).

Remarks.Specimens from San Francisco deBogot were collected from a roost inside a culvert, 2

km outside the village limits. Albuja (1999) lists 22specimens from Esmeraldas. P. elongatus is commonon both sides of the Andes.

Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas 1767)

Specimens collected(16, 26, 1 undet.).Est-acin Experimental La Chiquita (3), banana plantationnear San Lorenzo (8), La Guarapera (7), San Franciscode Bogot (18), and Reserva Ecolgica ManglaresChurute (7).

Remarks.Santos et al. (2003) included all Ecua-dorian populations in the subspeciesP. h.panamensisJ. A. Allen (1904) with the type locality in Chiriqui,

Panama. However, Williams and Genoways (2008[2007]) restricted the South American distributionof this subspecies to the western side of the AndesMountains and north and west of Lake Maracaibo inVenezuela.

Tonatia saurophila Koopman and Williams 1951

Specimens collected (10, 10).Mataje (3),Estacin Experimental La Chiquita (7), La Guarapera(1), and San Francisco de Bogot (9).

Remarks.Molecular analyses using cyto-chrome-b gene sequence data showed that T.saurophila populations from western Ecuador were geneticallydistinct, diverging from populations in Bolivia andGuyana (Baker et al. 2004). The most appropriate namefor these western populations would be T. s.bakeri fromDarin, Panama (Williams et al. 1995). Our specimenswere collected in primary and secondary forests.

Tribe VampyriniChrotopterus auritus (Peters 1856)

Specimens collected(1).Reserva EcolgicaManglares Churute (1).

Remarks.With a previous record from Machalil-la National Park in the Manab Province (Albuja andMuoz 2000), our specimen constitutes the secondrecord from western Ecuador and extends the southernlimit of the range ofC. auritus to Guayas Province.Pacheco et al. (2007) reported the rst record of this


22/44


species from western Peru from Quebrada Faical(0349'19" S, 8015'30" W; 350 m) in Tumbes Depart-ment, based on a specimen collected in primary forest.

Our specimen of this uncommon bat also was collectedin primary forest.

Vampyrum spectrum(Linnaeus 1758)(Plate 1F)

Specimens collected(5, 1).Isla Pun (6).

Remarks.This species was collected in SanRamnIsla Pun, Guayas Province, by G. H. H. Tatein 1923, based on records in the American Museum ofNatural History database. Five of our six specimens

ofV. spectrum were collected near a large Ceiba treethat contained bird feathers and bones, suggesting thatthe tree was a feeding roost. Our specimens were col-lected during a single night and we observed at leastone additional individual ying after nets were closed.Although this species has a wide distribution along theNeotropics (Simmons 2005), Pacheco et al. (2007) re-ported it for the rst time in northwestern Peru, basedon a single specimen collected in Quebrada Angostura(0345'23" S, 8023'15" W; 74 m) in Tumbes Depart-ment. This species was netted from a disturbed areanear a livestock ranch.

Subfamily GlossophaginaeTribe Glossophagini

Glossophaga soricina (Pallas 1766)(Plate 1G)

Specimens collected (55, 40, 2 undet.).Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco (8), Reserva EcolgicaManglares Churute (33), Isla Pun (12), Fuerte MilitarArenillas (22), Bosque Petricado de Puyango (2),Jardn Botnico Moromoro (1), Cerro Chiche (1),Zaruma (15), and PortoveloQuinta Palomares (3). .

Remarks.Glossophaga soricina was the mostcommon nectar-feeding bat in our collection. Indi-viduals also were collected at a gold mine in Zaruma.Although considerable pelage color variation was pres-ent across our series of specimens, cytochrome-b genesequences indicated that all specimens represented asingle species (Hoffmann and Baker 2001). It should be noted that populations ofG. soricina in westernEcuador were genetically distinct from conspecics

distributed east of the Andes (Hoffmann and Baker2001). Therefore, the subspecic name G. s.valensMiller 1913 (type locality Balsas, Amazonas, Peru)

would be available for western populations (Grifthsand Gardner 2008 [2007]).

Tribe ChoeronycteriniAnoura aequatoris (Lnnberg 1921)

Specimens collected (1).Jardn BotnicoMoromoro (1).

Remarks.We followed Mantilla-Meluk andBaker (2006) in recognition ofAnoura aequatoris (Ln-nberg 1921), type locality in western Ecuador (Illambo,

Gualea, Pichincha Province), as a valid species andspecically distinct fromA. caudifer(type locality Riode Janeiro, Brazil). This specimen constitutes the rstrecord in the southern region of the western side of theEcuadorian Andes (see Albuja 1999). It was found inthe same habitat and locality asA. cultrata (see below).Mantilla-Meluk and Baker (2009) reportedA. aequato-ris for southern Colombia including localities adjacentto Ecuador in the Colombian department of Nario.Some of the specimens identied asAnoura aequatorisby Mantilla-Meluk and Baker (2006) were previouslyreported by Cadena et al. (1998) asA. caudifer.

Anoura cultrata Handley 1960

Specimen collected (1).Jardn BotnicoMoromoro (1).

Remarks.This specimen constitutes the rstrecord ofA. cultrata for southwestern Ecuador (seeAlbuja 1999; Tirira 2004, 2007). It was captured insympatry with A. aequatoris. Cadena et al. (1998)reported this species from Nario Department in Co-lombia, and Albuja (1989) reported a specimen from El

Pailn in Carchi Province in northwestern Ecuador.

Lichonycteris obscuraThomas 1895

Specimen collected (1).Banana plantationnear San Lorenzo (1).

Remarks.Lichonycteris obscura has been re-ported from western Ecuador based on three specimenscollected from the Centro Cientco (Scientic Center)


23/44


Ro Palenque (Pichincha Province), Sade (EsmeraldasProvince), and Manta Real (Azuay Province) (Albuja1999; Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela 2004; Grifths and

Gardner 2008 [2007]). This species appears to be lo-cally rare throughout its distribution (Hill 1985).

Tribe LonchophyllinaeLonchophylla concava Goldman 1914

Specimens collected(9, 6, 1 undet.).Mataje(2), Banana plantation near San Lorenzo (3), FincaSan Jos (3), La Guarapera (3), and San Francisco deBogot (5).

Remarks.Lonchophylla concava was reported

from Manab Province of western Ecuador by Baker(1974). Although it was considered to represent L.mordax by Koopman (1993) and Albuja (1999), Albujaand Gardner (2005) indicated that L. concava is thecorrect name for this species in western Ecuador, withL. mordax being restricted to eastern South America.The individuals from Mataje were collected from alarge culvert on the military base. This species alsowas collected in disturbed forest and fruit plantationsin Esmeraldas Province.

Lonchophylla robusta Miller 1912

Specimens collected(7, 2).Banana planta-tion near San Lorenzo (3), La Guarapera (1), and SanFrancisco de Bogot (5).

Remarks.Lonchophylla robusta is similar (ex-ternally) to the newly describedL. chocoana Dvalos(2004), but skull and teeth characteristics clearlydistinguish these species. From preliminary observa-tions, our specimens showed slight size differencesfrom typical L. robusta from eastern Ecuador andeastern Peru.

Lonchophylla thomasiJ. A. Allen 1904

Specimens collected(3, 8).Banana planta-tion near San Lorenzo (1), Finca San Jos (4), and SanFrancisco de Bogot (6).

Remarks.This is the smallest species ofLon-chophylla and it appears to be distributed on both sides

of the Andes. We found no conspicuous morphologicaldifferences between specimens from western Ecuadorand those from Amazonian Ecuador. However, a phy-

logenetic analysis of cytochrome-b sequences (Dvalosand Jansa 2004) revealed a geographic division withinL. thomasi, but no specimens from northwestern SouthAmerica were included in that analysis. Recent mor-phological studies (Woodman and Timm 2006; Wood-man 2007) suggestedL. thomasi represents a speciescomplex.

Subfamily CarolliinaeCarollia brevicauda(Schinz 1821)

Specimens collected(35, 42, 1 undet.). Es-

tacin Experimental La Chiquita (2), San Francisco deBogot (2), Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco (6), ReservaEcolgica Manglares Churute (22),Fuerte Militar Are-nillas (18), Bosque Petricado de Puyango (15), JardnBotnico Moromoro (3), Cerro Chiche (1), Zaruma (8),and PortoveloQuinta Palomares (1).

Remarks.Specimens collected in El Oro Prov-ince constitute the rst voucher records for southwesternEcuador (Albuja 1999). Genetic data (Hoffmann andBaker 2003) revealed minor intraspecic differences,with 0.2 to 3.2% divergence, and grouped specimens

from eastern and western Ecuador.

Carollia castanea H. Allen 1890

Specimens collected (20, 20).EstacinExperimental La Chiquita (14), San Jos Farm (1),San Francisco de Bogot (23), and Jardn BotnicoMoromoro (2).

Remarks.This species seems to be common inwestern Ecuador, however the individuals from JardnBotnico Moromoro constitute the rst vouchers from

southwestern Ecuador (see Albuja 1999; Albuja andMena-Valenzuela 2004). Molecular analyses basedon cytochrome-b sequences indicated high divergenceamong populations from western and eastern Ecuador(Hoffmann and Baker 2003). Subsequent analysesincluding karyotypic and morphological informationindicated that C. castanea is restricted to MiddleAmerica and northwestern South America (includingwestern Ecuador and Colombia), whereas populations


24/44


from southeastern Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazilrepresented two species, C. benkeithi and one yet un-described taxon (Solari and Baker 2006).

Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus 1758)

Specimens collected (24, 21).EstacinExperimental La Chiquita (22), La Guarapera (2), SanFrancisco de Bogot (17), Reserva Ecolgica Man-glares Churute (2), and Zaruma (2).

Remarks.A detailed analysis using cytochrome-b gene sequence data showed a close relationshipbetween western Ecuador and Middle American popu-lations (Hoffmann and Baker 2003) ofC. perspicillata.

McLellan and Koopman (2008 [2007]) suggested thatthe name C. p.azteca Saussure (1860) may apply toEcuadorian populations.

Subfamily GlyphonycterinaeTrinycteris nicefori(Sanborn 1949)

Specimen collected (1).San Francisco deBogot (1).

Remarks.A single specimen ofT. nicefori wascollected from the primary forests of Esmeraldas Prov-

ince and constitutes the rst record of this species fromwestern Ecuador (see Tirira 2007). This genus previ-ously was recognized as a member of the Micronycteriscomplex (Simmons and Voss 1998).

Subfamily RhinophyllinaeRhinophylla alethina Handley 1966

Specimens collected(6, 6).Mataje (2), Es-tacin Experimental La Chiquita (4), Finca San Jos(4), and San Francisco de Bogot (2).

Remarks.Rhinophylla alethina is endemic tothe Choc region of Colombia and Ecuador (Handley1966; Albuja 1999) and is morphologically and geneti-cally distinct from other species of the genus (Wright etal. 1999). This species was found only in northwesternEcuador in primary forest, secondary forest, and bananaplantations.

Subfamily SternodermatinaeTribe Sturnirini

Sturnira lilium(E. Geoffroy 1810)

(Plate 1H)

Specimens collected (33, 44).Finca SanJos (1), La Guarapera (1), San Francisco de Bo-got (1), Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco (7), ReservaEcolgica Manglares Churute (18), Isla Pun (2), FuerteMilitar Arenillas (19), Bosque Petricado de Puyango(23), Jardn Botnico Moromoro (2), Cerro Chiche (1),and Zaruma (2).

Remarks.This is a common and widely distrib-uted species.Although distinct phylogroups have been

recognized within S. lilium (e.g., Ditcheld 2000), nosubspecic names (see Jones and Phillips 1976) have been proposed for these genetically dened groups.This species was common along the western side ofthe Ecuadorian Andes in primary and disturbed forestand fruit plantations.

Sturnira luisiDavis 1980

Specimens collected (18, 12).EstacinExperimental La Chiquita (1), banana Plantation nearSan Lorenzo (1), La Guarapera (1), San Francisco

de Bogot (12), Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco (1),Reserva Ecolgica Manglares Churute (4), Isla Pun(1), Fuerte Militar Arenillas (3), Cerro Chiche (5), andPortoveloQuinta Palomares (1).

Remarks.Sturnira luisi was common along thewestern side of the Andes in primary forest, disturbedforest, and fruit plantations. Although Simmons (2005)listed S. luisi as a valid species, based on morphologicalevidence (e.g., Simmons and Voss 1998), some authorsconsiderS. luisi as conspecic with S. tildae (e.g.,Brosset and Charles-Dominique 1990).

Sturnira oporaphilum (Tschudi 1844)

Specimens collected(1, 1). Jardn BotnicoMoromoro (2).

Remarks.Although a number of authors recog-nize S. oporaphilum as distinct from S. ludovici (e.g.,


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McCarthy et al. 2006), Gardner (2008a [2007]) listsS. o. ludovici H. E. Anthony 1924 as the subspeciesoccurring in Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Sturnira oporaphilum previously was knownfrom several localities in Esmeraldas and PichinchaProvinces in western Ecuador (Albuja 1999; Albujaand Mena-Valenzuela 2004). Our records from El OroProvince considerably extend the range of this speciesto the south in an undisturbed ecosystem. Morphologi-cal traits distinguishing erythromos, bogotensis, andludovici have limited application and, as a result, thedistribution of these Andean species from Colombia toPeru is unclear (Pacheco and Patterson 1992). Pres-ently, genetic data from properly identied specimens

is not available for further resolution.

Tribe StenodermatiniArtibeus fraterculus Anthony 1924

Specimens collected(89, 88).Bosque Pro-tector Cerro Blanco (5), Reserva Ecolgica ManglaresChurute (23), Isla Pun (33), Fuerte Militar Arenillas(29), Bosque Petricado de Puyango (24), Cerro Chiche(14), Zaruma (31), and PortoveloQuinta Palomares(18).

Remarks.This species was the most commonlycollected during our study. Nine specimens werehand collected from a termite nest at a farm locatedin Reserva Ecolgica Manglares Churute. Artibeusfraterculus has a limited geographic range, restrictedto the dry forests west of the Andes; however, withinthat range it is common and occupies both primary anddisturbed habitats. Specimens collected at the typelocality (Portovelo) were included in recent geneticanalyses by Larsen et al. (2007), the results of whichindicate a close relationship ofA.fraterculus to MiddleAmerican species (A. hirsutus andA. inopinatus).

Artibeus jamaicensis Leach 1821

Specimens collected (84, 64, 1 undet.).Mataje (12), Estacin Experimental La Chiquita (14),banana plantation near San Lorenzo (7), Finca San Jos(1), La Guarapera (6), San Francisco de Bogot (38),Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco (6), Reserva EcolgicaManglares Churute (22), Fuerte Militar Arenillas (13),

Bosque Petricado de Puyango (22), Zaruma (5), andPortoveloQuinta Palomares (3).

Remarks.Following the restricted denitionby Larsen et al. (2007), this species should be rare orabsent east of the Andes in South America. Geneticdata showed that populations ofA. jamaicensis fromwestern Ecuador are distinct fromA. jamaicensis fromCentral America (Larsen et al. 2007). The appropriatename for these populations would beA. j.aequatorialisAndersen 1906 with type locality Zaruma, Ecuador.

Artibeus lituratus(Olfers 1818)(Plate 2A)

Specimens collected (18, 20, 1 undet.).Mataje (3), Estacin Experimental La Chiquita (3), LaGuarapera (2), San Francisco de Bogot (2), BosqueProtector Cerro Blanco (3), Reserva Ecolgica Man-glares Churute (10), Isla Pun (5), Fuerte MilitarArenillas (3), Zaruma (2), and PortoveloQuintaPalomares (6).

Remarks.Within our sample, this is the onlyspecies of large Artibeus found on both sides of theAndes. In the eld,A. lituratus may be confused withA. jamaicensis on the western side of the Andes; how-

ever,A. lituratus is larger thanA. jamaicensis and thefacial stripes are more distinct in A. lituratus. Somedifferences in skull and dentition also distinguish thesespecies (see Andersen 1908). Additional genetic dataare available in Larsen et al. (2007)

Chiroderma trinitatumGoodwin 1958

Specimens collected (12, 3).Mataje (1),and Estacin Experimental La Chiquita (5), bananaplantation near San Lorenzo (7), and San Franciscode Bogot (2).

Remarks.This species is the smallest in thegenus and it is sometimes confused with species ofVampyriscus (based on external morphology). Geneticdata forC. trinitatum published by Baker et al. (1994)indicated a sister relationship to C. doriae (the largestspecies in the genus)from eastern and southern Braziland Paraguay. Northwestern populations correspondto the subspecies C. t. gorgasi Handley 1960 (Gardner2008b [2007]).


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Chiroderma villosum Peters 1860(Plate 2B)

Specimens collected (2, 9).Bosque Pro-tector Cerro Blanco (9) and Bosque Petricado dePuyango (2).

Remarks.Specimens collected in Guayas andEl Oro Provinces represent an extension of the geo-graphic range to southwestern Ecuador (see Albuja1999; Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela 2004). Chiro-derma villosum was netted in primary forest and fruitplantations from central and southern coastal Ecuador.The western populations from Ecuador and Colombiawere assigned to the subspecies C. v. jesupi Allen 1900

(Gardner 2008b [2007]).

Dermanura rava Miller 1902

Specimens collected (22, 24).Mataje (1),Estacin Experimental La Chiquita (3), banana planta-tion near San Lorenzo (9), La Guarapera (1), San Fran-cisco de Bogot (17), Reserva Ecolgica ManglaresChurute (14), and Jardn Botnico Moromoro (1).

Remarks.Dermanura rava is distinguishedfromD. phaeotis by Solari et al. (2009) based on ge-

netic and morphological data. The northern localitieswhere our specimens were collected are near the typelocality of San Javier, Esmeraldas (Miller 1902). Thisspecies has a broad geographic range, extending fromsouthwestern Ecuador to Panama, and inhabits dry andwet forests, although it is more commonly collected indry forests.

Dermanura rosenbergiThomas 1897

Specimens collected(16 , 29 ).Mataje (1),Estacin Experimental La Chiquita (15), banana plan-

tation near San Lorenzo (1), San Francisco de Bogot(25), and Jardn Botnico Moromoro (3).

Remarks.Dermanura rosenbergi is distin-guished fromD. glauca by Solari et al. (2009) based ongenetic and morphological data. The northern locali-ties where our specimens were collected are near thetype locality of Cachavi, Esmeraldas (Thomas 1897).

Dermanurarosenbergi is restricted to the wet forestsof the Choc, with an apparent isolated population inEl Oro Province.

Mesophylla macconnelliThomas 1901

Specimen collected(1).Estacin Experimen-tal La Chiquita (1).

Remarks.A single specimen was collected fromsecondary forest mixed with agricultural areas of fruitcrops. This species has been associated withEctophyllaand Vampyressa, but genetic data (chromosomes andDNA sequences) document it is more closely relatedto Vampyressa (sensu Baker et al. 2003b and Hoofer

and Baker 2006).

Platyrrhinus chocoensisAlberico and Velasco 1991

Specimens collected (2, 1, 1 undet.).Es-tacin Experimental La Chiquita (1), San Jos Farm(1), and San Francisco de Bogot (2).

Remarks.Platyrrhinus chocoensis is endemicto the Choc region from Colombia and northwesternEcuador (Velazco 2005). Although externally similartoP. dorsalis,P. chocoensis is distinguished from that

species by external and cranial characters (Albericoand Velasco 1991b).

Platyrrhinus dorsalis(Thomas 1900)

Specimens collected (16, 12).EstacinExperimental La Chiquita (1), banana plantation nearSan Lorenzo (1), Finca San Jos (3), San Francisco deBogot (21), and Zaruma (2).

Remarks.The only previous record ofP. dor-salis for El Oro Province was from Mina Miranda,

almost 1.5 km. N Zaruma (Gardner and Carter 1972).Two individuals caught in culverts near San Franciscode Bogot showed an interesting pale coloration. Ve-lazco and Patterson (2008) included cytochrome-b,ND2, D-Loop, and RAG 2 sequences from seven ofour specimens from western Ecuador in their reviewof the genus.


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Platyrrhinus helleriPeters 1866

Specimens collected (2, 4).Estacin Ex-

perimental La Chiquita (2), banana plantation nearSan Lorenzo (1), Finca San Jos (2), and La Guarapera(1).

Remarks.This species previously had beenrecorded in southwestern Colombia from QuebradaDocordo in Choc Department, Quebrada Huanquiin Cauca Department, and Rio Sabaletas in Valle delCauca Department (Velazco 2005). Our specimensfrom Esmeraldas Province increase the range ofP.helleri to the southern Chocoan region and conrmthe presence of this species in northwestern Ecuador.

It appears that this species is restricted, in Ecuador, tothe humid Pacic lowlands, contrary to the situationwithP. matapalensis (see next account).

Platyrrhinus matapalensis Velazco 2005

Specimens collected(8, 7).San Franciscode Bogot (2), Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco (3),Reserva Ecolgica Manglares Churute (6), FuerteMilitar Arenillas (1), and Bosque Petricado de Puy-ango (3).

Remarks.Velazco (2005) described this spe-cies based on specimens from Matapalo, ZarumillaProvince, Tumbes Department, in northern Peru. Thisspecies is widely distributed along the western Andeanslopes from northern Peru to Esmeraldas Province inEcuador. Velazco and Patterson (2008) included cyto-chrome-b, ND2, D-Loop, and RAG 2 sequences fromfour of our specimens from southwestern Ecuador intheir molecular analysis of the genus, and hypothesizeda sister relationship betweenP. matapalensis and Cen-tral American specimens ofP. helleri. These westernEcuadorian populations previously were recognized as

conspecic withP. helleri (Ferrel and Wilson 1991).

Platyrrhinus nigellus(Gardner and Carter 1972)

Specimens collected(1, 3). Jardn BotnicoMoromoro (4).

Remarks.Platyrrhinus nigellus is intermediatein size betweenP. dorsalis andP. matapalensis (Velazco

2005) and is found primarily in lower montane forests.These bats have darker, almost black, dorsal hair and awhitish mid-dorsal stripe. All of our specimens were

collected from an isolated hill in Moromoro, where oth-er montane species were netted. Recently, Velazcoand Gardner (2009) describedP. nitelinea from Puentede Moromoro, El Oro Province (0344' S, 7944' W)based on morphological characters. This new speciesseems to be a largerPlatyrrhinus and it is distributedfrom western Colombia to southwestern Ecuador.

Uroderma bilobatum Peters 1866(Plate 2C)

Specimens collected (12, 14).Banana

plantation near San Lorenzo (5), La Guarapera (1),San Francisco de Bogot (5), Bosque Protector CerroBlanco (13), and PortoveloQuinta Palomares (2).

Remarks.Although U. bilobatum is common onboth sides of the Andes, no previous records are knownfrom El Oro Province (Albuja 1999; Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela 2004). The records from Portovelo extendthe range of this species to the coastal southwest. Thisspecies previously was reported from Esmeraldas Prov-ince by Allen (1916), Brosset (1965), and Hoffmann etal. (2003). Uroderma bilobatum has been studied ex-

tensively using karyotypes (Baker et al. 1972; Baker etal 1975; Baker 1979), morphology (Baker et al. 1972),and gene sequences (Hoffmann et al. 2003), and manyalternative evolutionary scenarios have been debated(Greenbaum 1981; Barton 1982; Lessa 1990; Owenand Baker 2001). The material from the western sideof the Andes in northern South America further docu-ments the complexity of these interpretations. Davis(1968) reported a major morphological break betweenpopulations from Colombia and Ecuador, and suggestedthat Central American specimens were associated withthose from Colombia, for which the name would be U.

b. convexum. On the other hand, he assigned Ecuador-ian specimens from the western side of the Andes toU. b. thomasi, and further indicated that this similaritybetween thomasi-sized specimens from the eastern sideof the Andes and those from the dry deciduous foreston the western side of the Andes documented previ-ous trans-Andean dispersal. Hoffmann et al. (2003)indicated that specimens ofU. bilobatum from westernEcuador were genetically indistinguishable (karyotypes


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Family NoctilionidaeNoctilio leporinus(Linnaeus 1758)

(Plate 2D)

Specimens collected(3, 2).Bosque Protec-tor Cerro Blanco (2), Reserva Ecolgica ManglaresChurute (1), and Fuerte Militar Arenillas (2).

Remarks.This species has been recorded inthe Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco (Angel and Salas2003; Alava and Carvajal 2004; Salas-Z. 2008). Basedon their geographic distribution (Davis 1973; Gardner2008d [2007]), the western populations of Colombiaand Ecuador may correspond to the subspecies masti-vus Vahl 1797. Genetic data (Lewis-Oritt et al. 2001)

indicate that this sh-eating bat is recently evolvedand little geographic genetic variation distinguishesthe widespread population from the Antilles, CentralAmerica, and Amazonian regions. Pacheco et al. (2007)reported this bat from Quebrada Faical (0349'19" S,8015'30" W; 350 m) in Tumbes Department, conrm-ing the presence of this species on the western side ofthe Peruvian Andes.

Family ThyropteridaeThyroptera sp.

(Plate 2E)


Remarks.These specimens were morphologi-cally similar to T.tricolor(Solari et al. 2004), but someadditional traits appear unique and merit further study.Applicability of the name albigula (G. M. Allen 1923)needs to be evaluated. Although typically associatedwith vegetation near streams, all of our specimens werenetted in secondary forest and crop plantations.

Family VespertilionidaeSubfamily Myotinae

Myotis albescens(E. Geoffroy 1806)

Specimens collected(11, 8).Banana plan-tation near San Lorenzo (1), La Guarapera (4), SanFrancisco de Bogot (4), Reserva Ecolgica Manglares

and cytochrome-b sequences) from Middle Americanpopulations (as far north as Honduras) and assignedthese specimens to U. b. convexum. What is unclear

in Daviss work is whether the material that was thebasis of his conclusions for characteristics of Colom-bian U. bilobatum contained sufcient material fromthe Choc to dene the boundaries of morphologicalchange. Clearly, additional study of the genetic andmorphological characteristics of U. bilobatum fromthe western side of the Andes is merited.

Vampyressa thyone Thomas 1909

Specimens collected (6).Mataje (3), SanFrancisco de Bogot (2), and Jardn Botnico Moro-

moro (1).

Remarks.Previously reported from GuayasProvince, including the original type locality (Thomas1909a), Esmeraldas Province (Albuja 1989), and Pichin-cha Province (Lee et al. 2006). The genus Vampyressawas restricted to include V. melissa, V. pusilla, and V.thyone (Hoofer and Baker 2006). This taxon has beenlisted as a junior synonym ofpusilla (Petterson 1968),however Lim et al. (2003) concluded that thyone andpusilla should be accorded specic status.

Vampyriscus nymphaea (Thomas 1909)

Specimens collected (11, 7).Mataje (3),Estacin Experimental La Chiquita (3), banana plan-tation near San Lorenzo (3), and San Francisco deBogot (9).

Remarks.Vampyriscus nymphaea is foundprimarily in the Choc region of northwestern SouthAmerica that extends to Central America (Albuja andMena-Valenzuela 2004). Most of our specimens camefrom secondary forest near agricultural plots, but some

were collected from patches of primary forest. Molecu-lar data for mitochondrial cytochrome-b and ND3-ND4genes and the nuclear RAG-2 gene conrmed that thisspecies, along with V. bidens,does not form a mono-phyletic lineage with Vampyressa. Thus, to create amonophyletic genus, the name Vampyriscus shouldbe recognized for these species (Baker et al. 2003b;Hoofer and Baker 2006).


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Churute (1), Fuerte Militar Arenillas (6), BosquePetricado de Puyango (2), and PortoveloQuintaPalomares (1).

Remarks.Morphological variation has beenrecorded in M. albescens, which occurs on both sidesof the Andes (LaVal 1973). The type locality ofM.albescens is in Paraguay and therefore if the materialfrom western Ecuador is deemed conspecic, it wouldbe a remarkable range for a small Vespertilionid.

Myotis nigricans(Schinz 1821)

Specimens collected (17, 47, 1 undet.).Mataje (2), San Francisco de Bogot (4), Bosque Pro-

tector Cerro Blanco (4), Reserva Ecolgica ManglaresChurute (10), Isla Pun (8), Fuerte Militar Arenillas (2),Bosque Petricado de Puyango (2), Cerro Chiche (1),Zaruma (9), and PortoveloQuinta Palomares (23).

Remarks.Several specic names have beenproposed for populations from northwestern SouthAmerica (reviewed in LaVal 1973). Baker (1974) re-ported M. n. nigricans from Esmeraldas Province, butKoopman (1978) used the combination M. n. punensisfor specimens from northwestern Peru, and suggestedthat populations on either side of the Andes were dis-

tinct from one another.

Myotis riparius Handley 1960

Specimens collected (6, 8).Estacin Ex- perimental La Chiquita (5), Bosque Protector CerroBlanco (2), Fuerte Militar Arenillas (2), Zaruma (2),and PortoveloQuinta Palomares (3).

Remarks.Our analyses of mitochondrial cy-tochrome-b sequences contained minimal divergencewithin the geographic localities listed above. Our eld

identications included a number of individuals mis-identied as M. nigricans, however the divergence froma specimen ofM. nigricans from near the type localityin Brazil indicates it is improbable that the specimenslisted above are referable to M. nigricans. This specieswas reported by Pacheco et al. (2007) based on sixspecimens collected in Angostura, Quebrada CampoVerde (0350'44" S, 8011'11" W; 570 m), Carrizalillo

(0343'56.71" S, 8011'10.42" W; 125 m), and QuebradaLos Naranjos (0350'15" S, 8011'44.99" W; 550 m) inTumbes Department, northwestern Peru.

Myotis simus O. Thomas 1901

Specimens collected (6, 2).Bosque Pro-tector Cerro Blanco (2), Fuerte Militar Arenillas (2),Bosque Petricado de Puyango (3), and PortoveloQuinta Palomares (1).

Remarks.Myotis simus is endemic to SouthAmerica and appears to be restricted to rain forestsof the Amazon Basin in Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil,Ecuador, and Peru (LaVal 1973; Wilson 2008b [2007]).

In Ecuador, this species has been collected in Limon-cocha, Sucumbios Province (0024' S, 7638' W) (Al-buja 1999), Ro Capahuar, Napo Province (0218' S,7700' W), and Boca del Ro Curaray, Pastaza Province(0122' S, 7657' W) (LaVal 1973). Our specimensare morphologically and genetically similar to Myotissimus and, if that were the proper species identication,would constitute a new geographic record for westernEcuador. However, our specimens were collected fromdry localities, contrary with the typical habitat typerecorded for the species.

Subfamily VespertilioninaeTribe NycticeiniEptesicus chiriquinusThomas 1920


Remarks.Simmons (2005) recognized this spe-cies as valid for Ecuadorian populations. Our speci-mens agree in most details with the revised diagnosisfrom Simmons and Voss (1998), and they are clearly

distinct fromE. andinus andE. brasiliensis. Pachecoet al. (2007) reported this species for the rst time inwestern Peru based on a specimen collected in Que-brada Los Naranjos (0350'15" S, 8011'44.99" W; 550m) in Tumbes Department.


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Eptesicus innoxius(Gervais 1841)(Plate 2F)

Specimens collected(17, 14).Bosque Pro-tector Cerro Blanco (6), Reserva Ecolgica ManglaresChurute (8), Isla Pun (13), Fuerte Militar Arenillas(2), Bosque Petricado de Puyango (1), and CerroChiche (1).

Remarks.Eptesicus innoxius was reportedfor Ecuador based on 18 specimens from El Oro andGuayas Provinces (Davis 1966). Additionally, Albuja(1999) reported 25 specimens collected from Bar-raganete, Bolvar Province (0127' S, 7918' W; 430m). We noticed a large degree of variation in fur color,

ranging from light-tobacco to brown, with differentlengths of dorsal hair. Other names used for thesepopulations includeE. i.espadae (Cabrera 1901), fromLos Rios Province, andE. i.punicus (Thomas 1909b),from Guayas Province.

Tribe LasiuriniLasiurus blossevillii(Lesson and Garnot 1826)

(Plate 2G)

Specimens collected(4, 3).Bosque Protec-tor Cerro Blanco (4), Reserva Ecolgica Manglares

Churute (1), Fuerte Militar Arenillas (1), and BosquePetricado de Puyango (1).

Remarks.This species previously has beenrecorded in primary forest at Bosque Protector CerroBlanco (Salas-Z 2008). This is a remarkably beauti-ful bat with long hair and bright reddish tones/shades,unlike specimens from northern localities in Mexicoand the United States. Previously listed asL. borealis(e.g., Koopman 1993), it is now recognized as a distinctspecies (Baker et al. 1988). Based on distribution, ourrecords from western Ecuador would correspond toL.

b. frantzii (see Baker et al. 1988).

Lasiurus ega(P. Gervais 1856)

Specimens collected(1, 2).San Franciscode Bogota (1) and Reserva Ecolgica Manglares Chu-rute (2).

Remarks.Within the large distribution of thisspecies (see Kurta and Lehr 1995), these populationswould be referable toL. e.punensis J. A. Allen 1914,

with the type locality in Guayas Province. Some varia-tion in dorsal coloration occurs among our specimens,which resembles the pelage of subspecies within therange ofL. ega. This species is sometimes listed as adifferent genus,Dasypterus (e.g., Barquez et al. 1999).Gardner and Handley (2008 [2007]) recognizeL. egafuscatus as the subspecies in western Colombia andwestern Ecuador.

Tribe AntrozoiniRhogeessa velilla Thomas 1903

Specimens collected(4, 5).Bosque Protec-tor Cerro Blanco (6), Reserva Ecolgica ManglaresChurute (2), and Fuerte Militar Arenillas (1).

Remarks.Although this species has been re-corded from western Ecuador asRhogeessa io (Albujaand Mena-Valenzuela 2004), there are no previousrecords from Guayas and El Oro Provinces. Rhogeessaio has a diploid number of 30 whereasR. velilla fromwestern Ecuador has a diploid number of 42. Ourspecimens considerably extend the geographic range tothe south, and Pacheco et al. (2007) veried the pres-

ence ofRhogeessa io in northwestern Peru based onspecimens from Quebrada Los Naranjos (0350'15" S,8011'44.99" W; 550 m), Tumbes Department. Basedon our eld observations, this species is an early yerand was usually netted at dusk. The karyotype fromour specimens is indistinguishable from that describedforR. genowaysi from Chiapas, Mexico (Baker 1984).Use of the name velilla (Baird et al. 2008) is based onits potential distribution and type locality in Isla Pun,Guayas Province (Goodwin 1958), but a morphologicalcomparison remains to be drawn. Rhogeessa velillais restricted to the western Andean versant of the dry

forest of southern Ecuador. This species is part of theR. tumida complex and is sister to other taxa currentlydistributed on the Atlantic coasts of Central Americaand Mexico (Baird et al. 2008). Such data supportsspecic status forR. velilla.


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Family MolossidaeEumops wilsoniBaker, McDonough, Swier, Larsen,

Carrera, and Ammerman 2009

(Plate 2H)

Specimens collected(3, 5). Bosque Protec-tor Cerro Blanco (7) and Isla Pun (1).

Remarks.These specimens initially were iden-tied asEumopsglaucinus, as reported from westernEcuador (Guayaquil) by Sanborn (1932), Eger (1977),and Albuja (1999). However, McDonough et al. (2008)revised theE. glaucinus complex and divided it intofour species: E. ferox, distributed in the Caribbean,Mexico, and Central America;E. oridanus , restricted

to Florida, USA; E. glaucinus, restricted to SouthAmerica east of the Andes; and an undescribed taxonrestricted to the western versant of the Andes in Ecuadorand Peru. Subsequently, Baker et al. (2009) describedthis taxon as E. wilsoni based on genetic uniqueness(karyotypes, cytochrome-b sequence, and AFLP analy-sis). All specimens collected during our survey werenetted in Guayas Province. The specimen collectionfrom Isla Pun represents a new record for this locality.Morphologically similar specimens have been reportedfrom Guayaquil and genetically similar specimens havebeen reported from northwestern Peru (Sudman et al.

1994). The habitat for this species appears to be dryforest with adequate open understory within which thislarge species can forage. It is probable that this speciesis restricted to the dry forests of northwestern Peru andsouthwestern Ecuador.

Molossus bondaeJ. A. Allen 1904

Specimens collected(7, 3).Bosque Protec-

tor Cerro Blanco (1) and Reserva Ecolgica ManglaresChurute (9).

Remarks.Eger (2008 [2007]) considered Ec-uadorian populations as M. bondae bondae, althoughLpez-Gonzlez and Presley (2001) applied the nameM. currentiumbondae to populations from westernEcuador. Our specimens were collected inside primaryand secondary forest.

Molossus molossus(Pallas 1766)

Specimens collected (26, 15).BosqueProtector Cerro Blanco (4), Reserva Ecolgica Man-glares Churute (30), Isla Pun (4), and Fuerte MilitarArenillas (3).

Remarks.Although this species is common andwidespread across the Neotropics and is associatedwith human dwellings, these specimens constitute therst documented records for El Oro Province (Albuja1999). Interesting pelage color variations were foundacross our sample, including strikingly different redand black color phases. This species was found roost-

ing in large trees at the Reserva Ecolgica ManglaresChurute. Specimens from Isla Pun and Daule weredescribed as daulensis by J. A. Allen (1916); therefore,if applicable, it would be an appropriate name for thesepopulations (Eger 2008 [2007]).

discussion

Some species of bats known from western Ecua-dor were not collected during the Sowell Expeditions.Table 2 summarizes the complete list of bats known

from western Ecuador, including both our collectionsand noteworthy records gathered from the literature,including: Balantiopteryx infusca (McCarthy et al.2000), Centronycteris centralis (Simmons and Handley1998),Anoura stulata (Muchhala et al. 2005), Lon-chophylla chocoana (Dvalos 2004), Lonchophyllaorcesi (Albuja and Gardner 2005), Lonchophyllacadenai (Woodman and Timm 2006), Lonchophyllafornicata (Woodman 2007), Glyphonycteris daviesi

(Pine et al. 1996), Platyrrhinus albericoi (Velazco2005), Sturnira koopmanhilli (McCarthy et al. 2006),andPlatyrrhinus nitelinea (Velazco and Gardner 2009).

Other species on the western versant of Ecuador werecompiled from Brosset (1965), Baker (1974), Albuja(1999), Angel and Salas (2003), Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela (2004), Albuja and Arcos (2007), Tirira(2007), Arroyo-Cabrales (2008a, b [2007]), Davis andGardner (2008 [2007]), Eger (2008 [2007]), Marques-Aguiar (2008a, b [2007]), Gardner (2008c, d, e [2007]),Salas-Z. (2008), and Wilson (2008a, b [2007]). Theserecords indicate that at least 40 bat species are known


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TAXON Collected during SowellExpeditions

Data on species recently revised,updated or described

EMBALLONURIDAE

Balantiopteryx infusca McCarthy et al. 2000

Centronycteris centralis Hood and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Cormura brevirostris Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela 2004

Diclidurus albus Hood and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Peropteryx kappleri X Hood and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Rhynchonycteris naso Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela 2004

Saccopteryx bilineata X Albuja and Mena-Valenzuela 2004

Saccopteryx leptura Hood and Gardner 2008 [2007]PHYLLOSTOMIDAE

Micronycterinae

Micronycteris giovanniae* X Fonseca et al. 2007

Micronycteris hirsuta X Porter et al. 2007

Micronycteris megalotis X Porter et al. 2007

Micronycteris minuta X Porter et al. 2007

Desmodontinae

Desmodus rotundus X Kwon and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Diaemus youngi X Pinto et al. 2007

Lonchorhininae

Lonchorhina aurita X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Phyllostominae

Macrophyllum macrophyllum X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Trachops cirrhossus X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Lophostoma aequatorialis* X Baker et al. 2004

Lophostoma brasiliense X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Lophostoma silvicolum Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Mimon crenulatum X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Phylloderma stenops X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Phyllostomus discolor X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Phyllostomus elongatus X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Phyllostomus hastatus X Santos et al. 2003

Tonatia saurophila X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Chrotopterus auritus X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Vampyrum spectrum X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Glossophaginae

Glossophaga soricina X Grifths and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Table 2. Complete list of species of bats from western Ecuador. An asterisk (*) indicates new spe-

cies, and a dagger () shows new geographic records collected during the Sowell Expeditions to

Ecuador.


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TAXONCollected during Sowell

ExpeditionsData on species recently revised,

updated or described

Anoura aequatoris X Mantilla-Meluk and Baker 2006

Anoura cultrata X Grifths and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Anoura stulata Muchhala et al. 2005

Anoura geoffroyi Grifths and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Choeroniscus minor Grifths and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Choeroniscus periosus Grifths and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Lichonycteris obscura X Grifths and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Lonchophillinae

Lonchophylla cadenai Woodman and Timm 2006

Lonchophylla chocoana Dvalos 2004

Lonchophylla concava X Grifths and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Lonchophylla hesperia Grifths and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Lonchophylla fornicata Woodman 2007

Lonchophylla orcesi Albuja and Gardner 2005

Lonchophylla robusta X Grifths and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Lonchophylla thomasi X Grifths and Gardner 2008 [2007]

Carolliinae

Carollia brevicauda X Hoffman and Baker 2003

Carollia castanea X Solari and Baker 2006

Carollia perspicillata X Hoffman and Baker 2003

GlyphonycterinaeGlyphonycteris daviesi Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Trinycteris nicefori X Williams and Genoways 2008 [2007]

Rhinophyllinae

Rhinophylla alethina X McLellan and Koopman 2008 [2007]

Sternodermatinae

Sturnira bidens Gardner 2008a [2007]

Sturnira bogoten

Ecuador Solari SP57

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Transcript of Ecuador Solari SP57