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N.5 / luglio 2015 – pag.1 aut. trib. di Roma n.88 – 6 marzo 2008

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Centro Studi Geopolitica.info

All’indomani dell’attentato alla

redazione della rivista francese

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pubblicati dal Centro StudiGeopolitica.info si era volutosottolineare come l’Italia – suomalgrado – fosse tornata nuova-mente al centro delle dinamichegeopolitiche mondiali. Pensandoa una sintetica sequenza deiprincipali focolai di disordine e

in collaborazione con

litica, che economica e sociale.

Mai dalla fine della Guerrafredda, d’altronde, Roma si eratrovata a fronteggiare unambiente internazionale cosìdisordinato, a causa della sua

prossimità geografica o dei suoi

interessi messi in gioco in cosìtante crisi internazionali allostesso tempo. Anzi, senza fare

troppe concessioni al sensa-zionalismo, potremmo perfinosostenere che il nostro Paese si

trovi attualmente a gestire unaposizione che, sotto alcuni

aspetti, è persino più complicatadi quella che gli spettò come

principale linea di confine tra ilmondo occidentale e il mondocomunista nell’ambito del siste-

ma internazionale bipolare.

principali focolai di disordine edei più scottanti dossier chehanno catalizzato l’attenzionemondiale in questa prima partedel 2015, ancora pochi dubbipossono restare in merito: radi-calismo islamico in Tunisia,caos in Libia, emergenza emi-grazione, scontro tra militari eFratellanza musulmana in

Egitto, espansione dell’Isis, deal

nucleare con l’Iran, crisi eco-nomica della Grecia, guerracivile in Ucraina e sanzioni alla

Federazione Russa.

Sebbene l’Italia non abbia agitodirettamente su tutti questifronti, da tutti è direttamente

chiamata in causa e la loroevoluzione in un senso o in un

altro potrebbe determinare deimutamenti importanti sulla no-

stra dimensione interna, sia po-



Earth observation satellites and geo-spatial services in support of Italian and European geopolitics

Donatella Giampaolo

ISIS in Russia: nuove strategie di

reclutamento

Davide Santoro – pag.10

Satellite view of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, 2015

interlinked. Earth Observation

satellites overcome frontiers

by providing objective images

of planet Earth; for example,

images can provide information

for monitoring the routes both

of energy resources

(pipelines) and of human

beings (migrations).

Analysis based on Earth

Observation can give decision

makers a longer view and help

them to understand some of

the causes of these phenomena

Space and politics have always

been connected. Since the

beginnings of the ‘Space Race’,

Nations have used space

capabilities as instruments of

domestic and foreign policy.

Since then, the utilization of

satellites, and in particular of the

information derived from Earth

Observation Satellites, has

spread around the globe: Geo-

politics and Geospatial Services

based on Earth Observation

have become inseparably

Cartografia vol.1 – pag. 12

Formazione: corso online per

analisti di geopolitica – pag. 15

Crediti – pag. 15


aut. trib. di Roma n.88 – 6 marzo 2008

Remote sensing can play a key

role in Italian and European

Foreign Policy, as it can offer

the right distance to diplomacy

for a correct comprehension of

some of the causes that

generate crises and provide

useful information to those who

try to solve them.

N.5 / luglio 2015 – pag.3


Donatella Giampaolo

El-Oued oasis in the Algerian desert, 2009 (cr. COSMO-SkyMed ©ASI, E-GEOS)

phenomena through the

improvement of agricultural

activities.

The possibility to associate

technical information and

know-how transfer have the

double scope of guaranteeing

wider food security

and contributing to the

development of a technically

capable middle class, that

can work towards the

stabilization and democratization

of such crisis areas. There

are different ways in which

we can think about Space.

often related to war, or

internal conflicts, but also to

scarcity of sustainable

resources and poverty.

Management system based

on Earth Observation

satellites, as those used for

the management of the

European Agricultural Policy,

carefully adapted, could be

exported to countries

affected by turbulence and

crisis and become part of

international aid budgets, as

an additional stabilizing

factor to mitigate migration

Management system

based on Earth

Observation satellites,

as those used for the

management of the

European Agricultural

Policy, could be

exported to countries

affected by turbulence

and crisis

The need for global coverage,

immediate threat assessment

and early warning capabilities is

leading to the development of

highly integrated technological

solutions to enable a quick



decision-making process and

effective action support. Earth

Observation satellites and, in

particular, the 4 Italian COSMO-

SkyMed operational SAR

(Synthetic Aperture Radar)

satellites together with associated

geospatial services, can be of

help.

COSMO-SkyMed is the largest,



Donatella Giampaolo

Migrants arriving by sea in Italy, source: UNHCR

However, it is recognised

that, although new energies

are needed, an uncontrolled

flux of people has to be

regulated through special

humanitarian corridors with

adequate legal protection for

the migrants and equally for

the hosting nations.

On the other hand, from an

operational perspective, the

use of maritime geospatial

services based on the Italian

COSMO-SkyMed SAR

Constellation can provide

useful information for vessel

use of natural resources

together with increasingly

young populations and few

job opportunities in the

Middle East, North Africa

and Sub-Saharan countries

will inevitably continue to

create migration phenomena

towards Europe.

From a certain perspective,

migration can be considered

a natural demographic

redistribution of young

populations in countries

affected by a “winter demo-

graphic effect”.

COSMO-SkyMed is the largest,

longest-running Italian investment

in Space Systems for Earth

Observation, a National

Program conceived by the

Italian Space Agency (ASI) and

funded by the Italian Ministries

of Research (MIUR) and

Defence (MOD).It is conceived

as a dual-use (Civilian and

Defence) end-to-end Earth

Observation System. The

COSMO constellation consists

of four operational satellites

carrying X-band SAR sensors

and with a two-satellite

continuity program already in

planning (the launch of the first

COSMO Second Generation

satellite is foreseen for 2017).

Illegal migration. War, terrorism,

political instability, unsustainable



useful source of information

for monitoring activities

remotely. Regular observations

of such critical energy

infrastructures (both offshore

and on land) would allow

increased capability in raising

awareness, prevention and

response. Such satellite and

geospatial capabilities, if

However, the cross-border

nature of such pipelines and

their vulnerability make it

necessary for Europe to

protect them, or at least to

react quickly in case of

potential disruption.

Due to the transnational

nature of these energy

detection and observation. The

COSMO-SkyMed program can

perform maritime monitoring

worldwide, irrespective of whether

the area is within the range of

coastal surveillance, behavior of

ships (cooperative or not), time

of day and weather conditions,

information particularly relevant

in the current Mediterranean



Donatella Giampaolo

Migrants trying to reach Europe, 2015 (Cr. Massimo Sestini)

geospatial capabilities, if

used in a wider geopolitical

context, may also become

another leverage for our

Foreign policy, particularly

important if Italy is to

become a future hub of

European gas.

nature of these energy

corridors, the use of the

latest Earth Observation

satellites together with

the COSMO-SkyMed’s

constellation unmatched

revisit performance and high

resolution can be an extremely

in the current Mediterranean

geopolitical scenario.

The COSMO-SkyMed

program can perform

ocean monitoring

worldwide

Monitoring of Critical EnergyInfrastructures Off and On-shore:The EU natural gas supply is

concentrated in a few countries

(primarily Russia, North Africa

and the Middle East), some of

which are exposed to high

geopolitical risks. Pipelines

represent also a powerful factor

of integration and business

development opportunities with

producers and with transit countries.



Think Large and Act Small.The Geospatial Services in

Agricultural Policies: the use

of Satellites and derived

Geospatial information for

supporting the development

of agricultural policies in crisis

areas has significant political

implications. Since the

Roman Empire, the efficient

use of water and agricultural

resources has been one of

the key success factors in

managing the food supply

required for a huge population.

South Mediterranean, Middle

East and African agricultural

and water challenges are

therefore also European

challenges.

In addition to combating

terrorism and wars, climate

change, energy insecurity,



Donatella Giampaolo

Main migration routes towards Europe, source: Ace News Services

change, energy insecurity,

critical food and water security

issues, including the impact of

drying rivers on food production

and livelihoods, as well as the

rising use of oil and gas in

desalination in certain countries,

are also of concern.

This is even more important if

we consider that from these

countries the migration and

illegal migration flow starts. How

to support those populations

and help them to remain stable

and not to migrate? How to

concentrate on the pragmatic

solutions of real problems which

can bring an immediate benefit

to the population, particularly

the young?

While the U.S. is shifting its

political focus towards Asia-Pacific



Europe needs a more active

united policy with respect to

European interests in Africa and

Middle East, also in terms of

international aid budgets.

The nature of development

financing is also changing.

Many developing economies are

becoming important actors in

international finance, trade,



Donatella Giampaolo

Millennium Development Goals, source: United Nations

2010 during a High-Level

Plenary Meeting of the UN

General Assembly in New

York.

These issues should be

addressed by Italian and

European foreign policy by

making use of Italian and

European know-how in the

agricultural domain to

improve economic under-

development resulting from

certain nations’ under-

performance in agriculture

and other services; by

will produce and that will be

easily understood by the

population of the crisis

areas.

To do so, we should not

think to new budget

availability, but to better use

of existing cooperation and

international development

funds.

Satellite information can

contribute to identifying

components of some of the

eight Millennium Development

Goals, agreed in September

international finance, trade,

investment, innovation and

development cooperation, and

are contributing to changing the

architecture of development

cooperation. In such a changing

scenario, Italian and European

international aid systems and

the development community

need to work together for

mutual benefits.

Based on that, we must reflect

on the prospects for turning

around already existing but

sparse cooperation budget

allocations, focusing them on a

selected number of projects for

meeting also Italian and

European interests. An example

could be supporting sustainable

agricultural and water practices,

because of the benefits that these



are necessary to operate an

Integrated Administration and

Control System, require a

complete management system

able to provide crop,

monitoring statistics, crop

cadastre, annual monitoring

of crop extension, growth

monitoring, Impact of natural

events or yield estimation.

In Rome there are 3 United

Nations Organisations: IFAD,

FAO and WFP. These

organisations could benefit

from a similar Management

System not only to support

a more efficient Agricultural

Policy — for example in the

— but also to promote

regional cross-investments

helping these countries to

develop an effective and

integrated agricultural policy

similar to what Europe is

already doing through the

European Common Agriculture

Policy (CAP).

Support of such a policy is done

through the concession of funds


Donatella Giampaolo


African women carrying water to the village, 2015

events or yield estimation.

In developing countries, the

system should also take into

account the management of

water resources as well as

the logistical requirements.

For water related issues,

regional cross-investments

to alleviate the concerns of

the donors through the

satellite monitoring of the

aid budgets.

Agriculture services, including

all service components which

through the concession of funds

to farmers by National Payment

Agencies. The correct use of

such funds is monitored closely

through the use of satellite

imagery and correlated

geospatial services by the EC

Joint Research Centre (JRC).

For water related

issues, geospatial

services from satellites

like COSMO-SkyMed

could focus for example

on building an

transnational early-

warning system for

severe climate events



and act small”. Building a

common vision for international

cooperation based on best

European practices and most

advanced know-how, also

thanks to the use of geo-

spatial services and Italian

and European Earth

Observation satellite imagery,

can become part of a wider

From a space perspective, it

would be important to

support the improvement of

such best local practices

through training, consulting

and technical assistance —

also remotely. A way to

alleviate the effects of

resource scarcity passes not

only through the development

geospatial services from

satellites like COSMO-SkyMed

could focus for example on

building an transnational early-

warning system for severe

climate events to prepare

against famine and flash

flooding. Concentrating efforts

on operational solutions by

involving local technical experts



Donatella Giampaolo

Panoramic view of Matera Space Centre, Italy, 2015

can become part of a wider

plan and longer term

objectives for our Foreign

Policy.

Donatella Giampaolo is currently is

Head of European Market (BD and

Sales) at e-GEOS

only through the development

and implementation of new

policies, but also through the

creation of more qualified

and better paid job

opportunities.

Few ideas, but sustainable

and pragmatic, because in

geopolitics, it can be important

for success to “think large and

involving local technical experts

and communities could help to

defuse tensions and resolve

disputes.

Middle class are generally the

protagonists of democratization.

Competent technical expertise

is necessary to make the

complex machine of state work

for the benefit of all citizens.

.



ISIS in Russia: nuove strategie di reclutamento

Davide Santoro

N.5 / luglio 2015 – pag.10

La copertina del primo numero della rivista islamista russofona Is, 2015

di propaganda) per tutti gli

islamisti di lingua russa.

La rivista, di ventiquattro

pagine, si concentra in primo

luogo su lunghi articoli in

lingua russa; uno dei più

significativi concerne il

Califfato e la sua importanza

nella religione islamica

(sottolineata dalla citazione

di Ahadith del Profeta e di

sapienti del rango di Ibn

Kathir, conosciuti e rispettati

L’ISIS non è certamente

nuova negli sforzi per il

reclutamento dei russofoni,

in quanto sono ormai alcuni

mesi che viene tradotto il

rapporto quotidiano delle

operazioni dell’ISIS in lingua

russa; tuttavia, il lancio di

questa nuova rivista appare

un notevole salto di qualità

nel metodi di reclutamento,

rappresentando quello che

potrebbe diventare un punto

di riferimento (e ovviamente

Il Centro Mediatico “Al Hayat”,

nel ha lanciato la rivista dell’ISIS

in lingua russa denominata

“Istok”. La rivista, graficamente

ben fatta, fa pensare

immediatamente alla rivista

“Dabiq” e dimostra ulteriormente

lo sforzo dell’ISIS di reclutare

militanti e raccogliere simpatizzanti

nell’area caucasica e all’interno

della stessa Russia (recenti

stime indicano come a Mosca

risiedano circa 2 milioni di

musulmani).



in tutto il mondo islamico

sunnita). Tuttavia, è ancora

troppo presto per immaginare

una qualche risposta da parte

della Federazione Russa(la

quale aiuta Assad con armi e

secondo molti anche forme di

addestramento); nella rivista

(nel primo articolo) viene fatto

esplicito riferimento alla Russia

N.5 / luglio 2015 – pag.11

ISIS in Russia: nuove strategie di reclutamento

Davide Santoro

La moschea di Akhmad Kadyrov a Grozny, Cecenia, 2010

esplicito riferimento alla Russia

in quanto si racconta la storia di

giovani del Caucaso che si sono

recati in Siria per combattere

contro il regime di Bashar al

Assad, i quali, prima di

approdare all’ISIS hanno

frequentato vari gruppi da cui

sono rimasti delusi.

Secondo quanto scritto nell’

articolo, l’ISIS è stato l’unico

gruppo ad aver accettato le loro

richieste relative alla possibilità

di rientrare in Caucaso al fine di

fornire supporto militare ed

esperienza (e conseguentemente

anche addestramento) ai

combattenti presenti nell’area.

Difficile immaginare una politica

immobilista del Cremlino di

fronte a simili sviluppi.

Religioni in Russia, 2015, fonte: RBTH – ALTA RISOLUZIONE



Cartografia Vol.1

Redazione

N.5 / luglio 2015 – pag.12

Geografia nucleare e sistemi di alleanza nel XXI secolo, 2011 (Cr: International Law and Policy Institute) ALTA RISOLUZIONE

La dura reazione degli

avversari dell’accordo è di

per sé esplicativa della

rilevanza che lo stesso potrà

rivestire negli equilibri geo-

politici globali.

La Repubblica Islamica non

potrà sviluppare armi atomiche

per il prossimo decennio. In

cambio otterrà una graduale

riduzione delle sanzioni

economiche in vigore.

L’Iran e il cosiddetto gruppoUE+3 (ovvero Francia, UK,

Germania, USA, Cina e Russia)

hanno raggiunto lo scorso 14 luglio

un’intesa storica sulla governance

del programma nucleare di Teheran.



Cartografia Vol.1

Redazione

N.5 / luglio 2015 – pag.13

Produzione globale di grano, 2012 (Cr: University of Minnesota) ALTA RISOLUZIONE

tradursi in nuove carestie.

Una circostanza che sotto-

linea ancor più la necessità

di introdurre tecniche ancor

più avanzate di coltivazione

comesuggerito in questo numero.

preoccupante se confrontato

agli indici di crescita della popo-

lazione mondiale: l’aumento

demografico, se non sostenuto

da un parallelo aumento della

produttività agricola rischia di

Dopo decenni di crescita la

produzione globale delle quattro più

importanti colture alimentari (grano,

riso, mais, soia) entra in una fase di

stagnazione in diverse aree del

pianeta. Il dato appare ancora più



Cartografia Vol.1

Redazione

N.5 / luglio 2015 – pag.14

Percezione della gravità dei conflitti religiosi nelle comunità musulmane, 2013 (Cr: Max Fisher/Washington Post) ALTA RISOLUZIONE

la percentuale bosniaca: le

recenti tensioni che hanno

coinvolto il ventesimo

anniversario dell’eccidio di

Srebrenica sembrerebbero

confermare la tendenza.

sahariana o nel Pakistan,

sorprendono i dati relativi all’

Indonesia, tradizionalmente

indicata come una realtà

poco coinvolta da conflitti intra

o inter religiosi. Rilevante anche

La percezione della conflittualitàreligiosa nel mondo musulmano

varia sensibilmente a seconda

del contesto statale in esame.

Se non stupisce constatare

valori significativi nell’Africa sub-



Crediti

La Redazione di Domino

Piero De Luca

Luca Marini

Gabriele Natalizia

Stefano Pelaggi

Alessandro Ricci

Emanuele Schibotto

Il centro studi presenta

I CORSO ONLINE PER ANALISTI DIGEOPOLITICA E RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI

Per maggiori informazioni scarica il programma

Emanuele Schibotto

Francesco Tajani

Gabriele Vargiu

Gli articoli pubblicati sono libe-

ramente riproducibili, con l'obbli-

go di citare autore e fon-

te: www.geopolitica.info. Le opi-

nioni espresse non riflettono ne-

cessariamente le posizioni di

Domino.

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